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Li X, Xiao H, Zhu L, Liu Q, Zhang B, Wang J, Wu J, Song Y, Wang S. Rank-In Integrated Machine Learning and Bioinformatic Analysis Identified the Key Genes in HFPO-DA (GenX) Exposure to Human, Mouse, and Rat Organisms. TOXICS 2024; 12:516. [PMID: 39058168 PMCID: PMC11280914 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA or GenX) is a pervasive perfluorinated compound with scant understood toxic effects. Toxicological studies on GenX have been conducted using animal models. To research deeper into the potential toxicity of GenX in humans and animals, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of transcriptome datasets across different species. A rank-in approach was utilized to merge different transcriptome datasets, and machine learning algorithms were employed to identify key genetic mechanisms common among various species and humans. We identified seven genes-TTR, ATP6V1B1, EPHX1, ITIH3, ATXN10, UBXN1, and HPX-as potential variables for classification of GenX-exposed samples, and the seven genes were verified in separate datasets of human, mouse, and rat samples. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene dataset further revealed that mitochondrial function and metabolic processes may be modulated by GenX through these key genes. Our findings provide insights into the underlying genetic mechanisms and toxicological impacts of GenX exposure across different species and offer valuable references for future studies using animal models to examine human exposure to GenX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, Research Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, No.94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China; (X.L.); (H.X.); (L.Z.); (Q.L.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (J.W.); (Y.S.)
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2
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Geng T, Yang D, Lin T, Harrison AG, Wang B, Cao Z, Torrance B, Fan Z, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang L, Haynes L, Cheng G, Vella AT, Flavell RA, Pereira JP, Fikrig E, Wang P. UBXN3B is crucial for B lymphopoiesis. EBioMedicine 2024; 106:105248. [PMID: 39018756 PMCID: PMC11287013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing proteins (UBXNs) are putative adaptors for ubiquitin ligases and valosin-containing protein; however, their in vivo physiological functions remain poorly characterised. We recently showed that UBXN3B is essential for activating innate immunity to DNA viruses and controlling DNA/RNA virus infection. Herein, we investigate its role in adaptive immunity. METHODS We evaluated the antibody responses to multiple viruses and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza in tamoxifen-inducible global and constitutive B cell-specific Ubxn3b knockout mice; quantified various immune populations, B lineage progenitors/precursors, B cell receptor (BCR) signalling and apoptosis by flow cytometry, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. We also performed bone marrow transfer, single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing. FINDINGS Both global and B cell-specific Ubxn3b knockout mice present a marked reduction in small precursor B-II (>60%), immature (>70%) and mature B (>95%) cell numbers. Transfer of wildtype bone marrow to irradiated global Ubxn3b knockouts restores normal B lymphopoiesis, while reverse transplantation does not. The mature B population shrinks rapidly with apoptosis and higher pro and activated caspase-3 protein levels were observed following induction of Ubxn3b knockout. Mechanistically, Ubxn3b deficiency leads to impaired pre-BCR signalling and cell cycle arrest. Ubxn3b knockout mice are highly vulnerable to respiratory viruses, with increased viral loads and prolonged immunopathology in the lung, and reduced production of virus-specific IgM/IgG. INTERPRETATION UBXN3B is essential for B lymphopoiesis by maintaining constitutive pre-BCR signalling and cell survival in a cell-intrinsic manner. FUNDING United States National Institutes of Health grants, R01AI132526 and R21AI155820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Center on Aging and Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ziming Cao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Blake Torrance
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Kepeng Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Laura Haynes
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Joao P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Wang P, Harrison A, Yang D, Cahoon J, Geng T, Cao Z, Karginov T, Chiari C, Li X, Qyang Y, Vella A, Fan Z, Vanaja SK, Rathinam V, Witczak C, Bogan J. UBXN9 governs GLUT4-mediated spatial confinement of RIG-I-like receptors and signaling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3373803. [PMID: 38883790 PMCID: PMC11177981 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3373803/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize viral RNA and initiate innate antiviral immunity. RLR signaling also triggers glycolytic reprogramming through glucose transporters (GLUTs), whose role in antiviral immunity is elusive. Here, we unveil that insulin-responsive GLUT4 inhibits RLR signaling independently of glucose uptake in adipose and muscle tissues. At steady state, GLUT4 is docked at the Golgi matrix by ubiquitin regulatory X domain 9 (UBXN9, TUG). Following RNA virus infection, GLUT4 is released and translocated to the cell surface where it spatially segregates a significant pool of cytosolic RLRs, preventing them from activating IFN-β responses. UBXN9 deletion prompts constitutive GLUT4 trafficking, sequestration of RLRs, and attenuation of antiviral immunity, whereas GLUT4 deletion heightens RLR signaling. Notably, reduced GLUT4 expression is uniquely associated with human inflammatory myopathies characterized by hyperactive interferon responses. Overall, our results demonstrate a noncanonical UBXN9-GLUT4 axis that controls antiviral immunity via plasma membrane tethering of cytosolic RLRs.
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Jiao K, Xu G, Liu Y, Yang Z, Xiang L, Chen Z, Xu C, Zuo Y, Wu Z, Zheng N, Xu W, Zhang L, Liu Y. UBXN1 promotes liver tumorigenesis by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:485. [PMID: 38773518 PMCID: PMC11110256 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for tumor initiation and malignant progression because it increases tumor cell survival and growth. The molecular events controlling mitochondrial integrity that facilitate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, we report that UBX domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1) hyperactivation is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis and liver tumorigenesis. METHODS Oncogene-induced mouse liver tumor models were generated with the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon delivery system. Assessment of HCC cell growth in vivo and in vitro, including tumour formation, colony formation, TUNEL and FACS assays, was conducted to determine the effects of UBXN1 on HCC cells, as well as the involvement of the UBXN1-prohibitin (PHB) interaction in mitochondrial function. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to assess the interaction between UBXN1 and PHB. Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) datasets and HCC patient samples were used to assess the expression of UBXN1. RESULTS UBXN1 expression is commonly upregulated in human HCCs and mouse liver tumors and is associated with poor overall survival in HCC patients. UBXN1 facilitates the growth of human HCC cells and promotes mouse liver tumorigenesis driven by the NRas/c-Myc or c-Myc/shp53 combination. UBXN1 interacts with the inner mitochondrial membrane protein PHB and sustains PHB expression. UBXN1 inhibition triggers mitochondrial damage and liver tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS UBXN1 interacts with PHB and promotes mitochondrial homeostasis during liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guiqin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lvzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - You Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhibai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ningqian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wangjie Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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An Q, Cao Y, Guo W, Jiang Z, Luo H, Liu H, Zhan X. Identification of common genes of rhinovirus single/double‑stranded RNA‑induced asthma deterioration by bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:210. [PMID: 38590566 PMCID: PMC11000450 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is the most common respiratory virus affecting humans. The majority of asthma deteriorations are triggered by RV infections. However, whether the effects of RV single- and double-stranded RNA on asthma deterioration have common target genes needs to be further studied. In the present study, two datasets (GSE51392 and GSE30326) were used to screen for common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs). The molecular function, signaling pathways, interaction networks, hub genes, key modules and regulatory molecules of cDEGs were systematically analyzed using online tools such as Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, STRING and NetworkAnalyst. Finally, the hub genes STAT1 and IFIH1 were verified in clinical samples using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 85 cDEGs were identified. Function analysis revealed that cDEGs served an important role in the innate immune response to viruses and its regulation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (IFIH1), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), DExD/H box helicase 58 (DDX58) and interferon-stimulating gene 15 (ISG15) were detected to be hub genes based on the protein-protein interactions and six topological algorithms. A key module involved in influenza A, the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, was identified using Cytoscape software. The hub genes were regulated by GATA-binding factor 2 and microRNA-146a-5p. In addition, RT-qPCR indicated that the expression levels of the hub genes STAT1 and IFIH1 were low during asthma deterioration compared with post-treatment recovery samples. The present study enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of RV-induced asthma deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Jiang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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6
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Xia W, Jiang P. p53 promotes antiviral innate immunity by driving hexosamine metabolism. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113724. [PMID: 38294905 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 controls cell fate decisions and prevents malignant transformation, but its functions in antiviral immunity remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that p53 metabolically promotes antiviral innate immune responses to RNA viral infection. p53-deficient macrophages or mice display reduced expression of glutamine fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 2 (GFPT2), a key enzyme of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Through transcriptional upregulation of GFPT2, p53 drives HBP activity and de novo synthesis of UDP-GlcNAc, which in turn leads to the O-GlcNAcylation of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and UBX-domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1) during virus infection. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation of UBXN1 blocks its interaction with MAVS, thereby further liberating MAVS for tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 binding to activate TANK-binding kinase 1-interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 3 signaling cascades and IFN-β production. Genetic or pharmaceutical inhibition of GFPT efficiently reduces MAVS activation and abrogates the antiviral innate immunity promoted by p53 in vitro and in vivo. Our findings reveal that p53 drives HBP activity and O-GlcNAcylation of UBXN1 and MAVS to enhance IFN-β-mediated antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
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7
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Ahlstedt BA, Ganji R, Mukkavalli S, Paulo JA, Gygi SP, Raman M. UBXN1 maintains ER proteostasis and represses UPR activation by modulating translation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:672-703. [PMID: 38177917 PMCID: PMC10897191 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ER protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for proper folding and maturation of proteins in the secretory pathway. Loss of ER proteostasis can lead to the accumulation of misfolded or aberrant proteins in the ER and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). In this study, we find that the p97 adaptor UBXN1 is an important negative regulator of the UPR. Loss of UBXN1 sensitizes cells to ER stress and activates the UPR. This leads to widespread upregulation of the ER stress transcriptional program. Using comparative, quantitative proteomics we show that deletion of UBXN1 results in a significant enrichment of proteins involved in ER-quality control processes including those involved in protein folding and import. Notably, we find that loss of UBXN1 does not perturb p97-dependent ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Our studies indicate that loss of UBXN1 increases translation in both resting and ER-stressed cells. Surprisingly, this process is independent of p97 function. Taken together, our studies have identified a new role for UBXN1 in repressing translation and maintaining ER proteostasis in a p97 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Ahlstedt
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- ALPCA diagnostics, Salem, NH, USA
| | - Rakesh Ganji
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirisha Mukkavalli
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana Farber Cancer Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malavika Raman
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yang D, Geng T, Harrison AG, Cahoon JG, Xing J, Jiao B, Wang M, Cheng C, Hill RE, Wang H, Vella AT, Cheng G, Wang Y, Wang P. UBR5 promotes antiviral immunity by disengaging the transcriptional brake on RIG-I like receptors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:780. [PMID: 38278841 PMCID: PMC10817939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) are the major viral RNA sensors essential for the initiation of antiviral immune responses. RLRs are subjected to stringent transcriptional and posttranslational regulations, of which ubiquitination is one of the most important. However, the role of ubiquitination in RLR transcription is unknown. Here, we screen 375 definite ubiquitin ligase knockout cell lines and identify Ubiquitin Protein Ligase E3 Component N-Recognin 5 (UBR5) as a positive regulator of RLR transcription. UBR5 deficiency reduces antiviral immune responses to RNA viruses, while increases viral replication in primary cells and mice. Ubr5 knockout mice are more susceptible to lethal RNA virus infection than wild type littermates. Mechanistically, UBR5 mediates the Lysine 63-linked ubiquitination of Tripartite Motif Protein 28 (TRIM28), an epigenetic repressor of RLRs. This modification prevents intramolecular SUMOylation of TRIM28, thus disengages the TRIM28-imposed brake on RLR transcription. In sum, UBR5 enables rapid upregulation of RLR expression to boost antiviral immune responses by ubiquitinating and de-SUMOylating TRIM28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jason G Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jian Xing
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mark Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Hill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4, 2XU, UK
| | - Huadong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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9
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Zhang L, Jiao K, Liu Y, Xu G, Yang Z, Xiang L, Chen Z, Xu C, Zuo Y, Wu Z, Zheng N, Zhang X, Xia Q, Liu Y. UBXN9 inhibits the RNA exosome function to promote T cell control of liver tumorigenesis. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00672. [PMID: 38051955 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Liver tumorigenesis encompasses oncogenic activation and self-adaptation of various biological processes in premalignant hepatocytes to circumvent the pressure of cellular stress and host immune control. Ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing proteins (UBXNs) participate in the regulation of certain signaling pathways. However, whether UBXN proteins function in the development of liver cancer remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that UBXN9 (Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Chromosomal Region Candidate Gene 1 Protein/Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma Locus) expression was decreased in autochthonous oncogene-induced mouse liver tumors and ~47.7% of human HCCs, and associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC. UBXN9 attenuated liver tumorigenesis induced by different oncogenic factors and tumor growth of transplanted liver tumor cells in immuno-competent mice. Mechanistically, UBXN9 significantly inhibited the function of the RNA exosome, resulting in increased expression of RLR-stimulatory RNAs and activation of the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-IFN-Ι signaling in tumor cells, and hence potentiated T cell recruitment and immune control of tumor growth. Abrogation of the CD8 + T cell response or inhibition of tumor cell retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling efficiently counteracted the UBXN9-mediated suppression of liver tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a modality in which UBXN9 promotes the stimulatory RNA-induced retinoic acid-inducible gene-I-interferon signaling that induces anti-tumor T cell response in liver tumorigenesis. Targeted manipulation of the UBXN9-RNA exosome circuit may have the potential to reinstate the immune control of liver tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Guiqin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Lvzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - You Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Ningqian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital,School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Shi TT, Huang Y, Li Y, Dai XL, He YH, Ding JC, Ran T, Shi Y, Yuan Q, Li WJ, Liu W. MAVI1, an endoplasmic reticulum-localized microprotein, suppresses antiviral innate immune response by targeting MAVS on mitochondrion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7053. [PMID: 37656786 PMCID: PMC10854431 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immunity is critical for host defense against viruses. A growing number of coding and noncoding genes are found to encode microproteins. However, the landscape and functions of microproteins in responsive to virus infection remain uncharacterized. Here, we systematically identified microproteins that are responsive to vesicular stomatitis virus infection. A conserved and endoplasmic reticulum-localized membrane microprotein, MAVI1 (microprotein in antiviral immunity 1), was found to interact with mitochondrion-localized MAVS protein and inhibit MAVS aggregation and type I interferon signaling activation. The importance of MAVI1 was highlighted that viral infection was attenuated and survival rate was increased in Mavi1-knockout mice. A peptide inhibitor targeting the interaction between MAVI1 and MAVS activated the type I interferon signaling to defend viral infection. Our findings uncovered that microproteins play critical roles in regulating antiviral innate immune responses, and targeting microproteins might represent a therapeutic avenue for treating viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-tao Shi
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ying Li
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiang-long Dai
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yao-hui He
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jian-cheng Ding
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ting Ran
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), KaiYuan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Yang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen-juan Li
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
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11
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Li J, Zhang R, Wang C, Zhu J, Ren M, Jiang Y, Hou X, Du Y, Wu Q, Qi S, Li L, Chen S, Yang H, Hou F. WDR77 inhibits prion-like aggregation of MAVS to limit antiviral innate immune response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4824. [PMID: 37563140 PMCID: PMC10415273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway plays a crucial role in defending against pathogen infection and maintaining immune balance. Upon detecting viral RNA, RIG-I triggers the formation of prion-like aggregates of the adaptor protein MAVS, which then activates the innate antiviral immune response. However, the mechanisms that regulate the aggregation of MAVS are not yet fully understood. Here, we identified WDR77 as a MAVS-associated protein, which negatively regulates MAVS aggregation. WDR77 binds to MAVS proline-rich region through its WD2-WD3-WD4 domain and inhibits the formation of prion-like filament of recombinant MAVS in vitro. In response to virus infection, WDR77 is recruited to MAVS to prevent the formation of its prion-like aggregates and thus downregulate RIG-I-MAVS signaling in cells. WDR77 deficiency significantly potentiates the induction of antiviral genes upon negative-strand RNA virus infections, and myeloid-specific Wdr77-deficient mice are more resistant to RNA virus infection. Our findings reveal that WDR77 acts as a negative regulator of the RIG-I-MAVS signaling pathway by inhibiting the prion-like aggregation of MAVS to prevent harmful inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Changwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Miao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingbo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianteng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yangting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shishi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fajian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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12
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Geng T, Yang D, Lin T, Cahoon JG, Wang P. UBXN3B Controls Immunopathogenesis of Arthritogenic Alphaviruses by Maintaining Hematopoietic Homeostasis. mBio 2022; 13:e0268722. [PMID: 36377866 PMCID: PMC9765034 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02687-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing proteins (UBXN) might be involved in diverse cellular processes. However, their in vivo physiological functions remain largely elusive. We recently showed that UBXN3B positively regulated stimulator-of-interferon-genes (STING)-mediated innate immune responses to DNA viruses. Herein, we reported the essential role of UBXN3B in the control of infection and immunopathogenesis of two arthritogenic RNA viruses, Chikungunya (CHIKV) and O'nyong'nyong (ONNV) viruses. Ubxn3b deficient (Ubxn3b-/-) mice presented higher viral loads, more severe foot swelling and immune infiltrates, and slower clearance of viruses and resolution of inflammation than the Ubxn3b+/+ littermates. While the serum cytokine levels were intact, the virus-specific immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibody levels were lower in the Ubxn3b-/- mice. The Ubxn3b-/- mice had more neutrophils and macrophages, but much fewer B cells in the ipsilateral feet. Of note, this immune dysregulation was also observed in the spleens and blood of uninfected Ubxn3b-/- mice. UBXN3B restricted CHIKV replication in a cell-intrinsic manner but independent of type I IFN signaling. These results demonstrated a dual role of UBXN3B in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and control of RNA virus replication. IMPORTANCE The human genome encodes 13 ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing proteins (UBXN) that might participate in diverse cellular processes. However, their in vivo physiological functions remain largely elusive. Herein, we reported an essential role of UBXN3B in the control of infection and immunopathogenesis of arthritogenic alphaviruses, including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which causes acute and chronic crippling arthralgia, long-term neurological disorders, and poses a significant public health problem in the tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. However, there are no approved vaccines or specific antiviral drugs. This was partly due to a poor understanding of the protective and detrimental immune responses elicited by CHIKV. We showed that UBXN3B was critical for the control of CHIKV replication in a cell-intrinsic manner in the acute phase and persistent immunopathogenesis in the post-viremic stage. Mechanistically, UBXN3B was essential for the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis during viral infection and in steady-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Duomeng Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jason G. Cahoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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13
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Kochenova OV, Mukkavalli S, Raman M, Walter JC. Cooperative assembly of p97 complexes involved in replication termination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6591. [PMID: 36329031 PMCID: PMC9633789 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The p97 ATPase extracts polyubiquitylated proteins from diverse cellular structures in preparation for destruction by the proteasome. p97 functions with Ufd1-Npl4 and a variety of UBA-UBX co-factors, but how p97 complexes assemble on ubiquitylated substrates is unclear. To address this, we investigated how p97 disassembles the CMG helicase after it is ubiquitylated during replication termination. We show that p97Ufd1-Npl4 recruitment to CMG requires the UBA-UBX protein Ubxn7, and conversely, stable Ubxn7 binding to CMG requires p97Ufd1-Npl4. This cooperative assembly involves interactions between Ubxn7, p97, Ufd1-Npl4, and ubiquitin. Another p97 co-factor, Faf1, partially compensates for the loss of Ubxn7. Surprisingly, p97Ufd1-Npl4-Ubxn7 and p97Ufd1-Npl4-Faf1 also assemble cooperatively on unanchored ubiquitin chains. We propose that cooperative and substrate-independent recognition of ubiquitin chains allows p97 to recognize an unlimited number of polyubiquitylated proteins while avoiding the formation of partial, inactive complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kochenova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sirisha Mukkavalli
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Malavika Raman
- Department of Developmental Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Means RE, Katz SG. Balancing life and death: BCL-2 family members at diverse ER-mitochondrial contact sites. FEBS J 2022; 289:7075-7112. [PMID: 34668625 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The outer mitochondrial membrane is a busy place. One essential activity for cellular survival is the regulation of membrane integrity by the BCL-2 family of proteins. Another critical facet of the outer mitochondrial membrane is its close approximation with the endoplasmic reticulum. These mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) occupy a significant fraction of the mitochondrial surface and serve as key signaling hubs for multiple cellular processes. Each of these pathways may be considered as forming their own specialized MAM subtype. Interestingly, like membrane permeabilization, most of these pathways play critical roles in regulating cellular survival and death. Recently, the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BOK has been found within MAMs where it plays important roles in their structure and function. This has led to a greater appreciation that multiple BCL-2 family proteins, which are known to participate in numerous functions throughout the cell, also have roles within MAMs. In this review, we evaluate several MAM subsets, their role in cellular homeostasis, and the contribution of BCL-2 family members to their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Means
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Chathuranga K, Weerawardhana A, Dodantenna N, Lee JS. Regulation of antiviral innate immune signaling and viral evasion following viral genome sensing. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1647-1668. [PMID: 34782737 PMCID: PMC8592830 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable outcome for the host. This balance is crucial because it must not only ensure activation of the first line of defense against viral infection but also prevent inappropriate immune activation, which results in autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have shown how signal transduction pathways initiated by PRRs are positively and negatively regulated by diverse modulators to maintain host immune homeostasis. However, viruses have developed strategies to subvert the host antiviral response and establish infection. Viruses have evolved numerous genes encoding immunomodulatory proteins that antagonize the host immune system. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding key host factors that regulate innate immune signaling molecules upon viral infection and discusses evidence showing how specific viral proteins counteract antiviral responses via immunomodulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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16
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A Combined mRNA- and miRNA-Sequencing Approach Reveals miRNAs as Potential Regulators of the Small Intestinal Transcriptome in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111382. [PMID: 34768815 PMCID: PMC8583991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CeD) is triggered by gluten and results in inflammation and villous atrophy of the small intestine. We aimed to explore the role of miRNA-mediated deregulation of the transcriptome in CeD. Duodenal biopsies of CeD patients (n = 33) and control subjects (n = 10) were available for miRNA-sequencing, with RNA-sequencing also available for controls (n = 5) and CeD (n = 6). Differential expression analysis was performed to select CeD-associated miRNAs and genes. MiRNA‒target transcript pairs selected from public databases that also displayed a strong negative expression correlation in the current dataset (R < -0.7) were used to construct a CeD miRNA‒target transcript interaction network. The network includes 2030 miRNA‒target transcript interactions, including 423 experimentally validated pairs. Pathway analysis found that interactions are involved in immune-related pathways (e.g., interferon signaling) and metabolic pathways (e.g., lipid metabolism). The network includes 13 genes previously prioritized to be causally deregulated by CeD-associated genomic variants, including STAT1. CeD-associated miRNAs might play a role in promoting inflammation and decreasing lipid metabolism in the small intestine, thereby contributing unbalanced cell turnover in the intestinal crypt. Some CeD-associated miRNAs deregulate genes that are also affected by genomic CeD-risk variants, adding an additional layer of complexity to the deregulated transcriptome in CeD.
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17
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Geng T, Yang D, Lin T, Harrison AG, Wang B, Torrance B, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang L, Haynes L, Cheng G, Vella AT, Fikrig E, Wang P. An Essential Role of UBXN3B in B Lymphopoiesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34462748 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.04.433919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is finely regulated to enable timely production of the right numbers and types of mature immune cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulated hematopoiesis may compromise antiviral immunity and/or exacerbate immunopathogenesis. Herein, we report an essential role of UBXN3B in maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis and restriction of immunopathogenesis during respiratory viral infection. Ubxn3b deficient ( Ubxn3b -/- ) mice are highly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A infection, characterized by more severe lung immunopathology, lower virus-specific IgG, significantly fewer B cells, but more myeloid cells than Ubxn3b +/+ littermates. This aberrant immune compartmentalization is recapitulated in uninfected Ubxn3b -/- mice. Mechanistically, UBXN3B controls precursor B-I (pre-BI) transition to pre-BII and subsequent proliferation in a cell-intrinsic manner, by maintaining BLNK protein stability and pre-BCR signaling. These results reveal an essential role of UBXN3B for the early stage of B cell development.
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18
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Ketkar H, Harrison AG, Graziano VR, Geng T, Yang L, Vella AT, Wang P. UBX Domain Protein 6 Positively Regulates JAK-STAT1/2 Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2682-2691. [PMID: 34021047 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Type I/III IFNs induce expression of hundreds of IFN-stimulated genes through the JAK/STAT pathway to combat viral infections. Although JAK/STAT signaling is seemingly straightforward, it is nevertheless subjected to complex cellular regulation. In this study, we show that an ubiquitination regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing protein, UBXN6, positively regulates JAK-STAT1/2 signaling. Overexpression of UBXN6 enhanced type I/III IFNs-induced expression of IFN-stimulated genes, whereas deletion of UBXN6 inhibited their expression. RNA viral replication was increased in human UBXN6-deficient cells, accompanied by a reduction in both type I/III IFN expression, when compared with UBXN6-sufficient cells. Mechanistically, UBXN6 interacted with tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) and inhibited IFN-β-induced degradation of both TYK2 and type I IFNR. These results suggest that UBXN6 maintains normal JAK-STAT1/2 signaling by stabilizing key signaling components during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshada Ketkar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY; and
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Vincent R Graziano
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Long Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT; .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY; and
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19
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CircMRE11A_013 binds to UBXN1 and integrates ATM activation enhancing lens epithelial cells senescence in age-related cataract. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5383-5402. [PMID: 33508783 PMCID: PMC7950295 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation could trigger DNA double-strand breaks (DDSBs) and senescence in lens epithelial cells (LECs), thus inducing age-related cortical cataract (ARCC) formation. Cell-cycle irreversible arrest induced by DDSBs depended on excessive activation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM). We studied the up-regulated circular RNA circMRE11A_013 (circMRE11A) in LECs of ARCC and SRA01/04 cell lines under UVB exposure. In vitro, knockdown of circMRE11A in SRA01/04 cell lines enhanced cell viability and cell cycle, while over-expression of circMRE11A exhibited an opposite trend. Additionally, circMRE11A could bind to UBX domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1), which might enhance excessive activation of ATM and initiate ATM/p53/p21 signaling pathway causing LECs cell-cycle arrest and senescence. In vivo, recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (rAAV-2) virions of circMRE11A (circMRE11A-AAV2) was injected to Institute of Cancer Research mouse vitreous cavity. The circMRE11A-AAV2 could express in mouse lens at 4 weeks. The LECs aging and opacity lens were observed at 8 weeks after the injection. Together, our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of circMRE11A interacting with UBXN1 in enhancing ATM activity and inhibiting LECs cell-cycle in ARCC formation. The findings might give us a better understanding of ARC pathology and provide a novel and more effective therapeutic approaches for ARC treatment.
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20
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Ekanayaka P, Lee SY, Herath TUB, Kim JH, Kim TH, Lee H, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Park JH, Lee JS. Foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 target the MAVS to inhibit type-I interferon signaling and VP1 E83K mutation results in virus attenuation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009057. [PMID: 33232374 PMCID: PMC7723281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
VP1, a pivotal capsid protein encoded by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), plays an important role in receptor-mediated attachment and humoral immune responses. Previous studies show that amino acid changes in the VP1 protein of cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV alter the properties of the virus. In addition, FMDV VP1 modulates host IFN signal transduction. Here, we examined the ability of cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K) and wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) to evade host immunity by blocking mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)/TNF Receptor Associated Factor 3 (TRAF3) mediated cellular innate responses. Wild-type FMDV VP1(83E) interacted specifically with C-terminal TRAF3-binding site within MAVS and this interaction inhibited binding of TRAF3 to MAVS, thereby suppressing interferon-mediated responses. This was not observed for cell culture-adapted FMDV VP1(83K). Finally, chimeric FMDV harboring VP1(83K) showed very low pathogenicity in pigs. Collectively, these data highlight a critical role of VP1 with respect to suppression of type-I IFN pathway and attenuation of FMDV by the E83K mutation in VP1. Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, causes huge economic losses. To generate a FMD vaccine, cell culture-adapted strains of FMDV that show improved growth properties and allow repeated passage are needed. Generally, adaptation of field-isolated FMDV is accompanied by changes in viral properties, including amino acid mutations. A VP1 E83K mutation in cell culture-adapted FMDV was identified previously; here, we examined the impact of VP1 E83K on virus pathogenicity and type-I IFN pathway. Cell culture-adapted FMDV O1 Manisa, and highly virulent strain of O/Andong/SKR/2010, acquired the E83K mutation in the VP1 protein, which attenuated the virus via disposing VP1 mediate negative regulation ability of host cellular IFN responses. The data suggest a rational approach to viral propagation in cell culture and virus attenuation, which could be utilized for future development of FMDV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathum Ekanayaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.,FVC, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thilina U B Herath
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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21
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Decanoic acid inhibits mTORC1 activity independent of glucose and insulin signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23617-23625. [PMID: 32879008 PMCID: PMC7519326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008980117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTORC1 complex provides a critical role in cell function, regulating a variety of processes including growth and autophagy. mTORC1 signaling is hyperactivated in a range of common diseases including cancer, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, mTORC1 signaling provides an important target for regulation in many contexts. Here, we show that decanoic acid, a key component of a widely used medicinal diet, reduces mTORC1 activity. We identify this in a tractable model system, and validate it in ex vivo rat brain tissue and in human iPSC-derived astrocytes from patients with a clinically relevant disease. Thus, we provide insight into an easily accessible therapeutic approach for a range of diseases. Low-glucose and -insulin conditions, associated with ketogenic diets, can reduce the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, potentially leading to a range of positive medical and health-related effects. Here, we determined whether mTORC1 signaling is also a target for decanoic acid, a key component of the medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet. Using a tractable model system, Dictyostelium, we show that decanoic acid can decrease mTORC1 activity, under conditions of constant glucose and in the absence of insulin, measured by phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). We determine that this effect of decanoic acid is dependent on a ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing protein, mediating inhibition of a conserved Dictyostelium AAA ATPase, p97, a homolog of the human transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (VCP/p97) protein. We then demonstrate that decanoic acid decreases mTORC1 activity in the absence of insulin and under high-glucose conditions in ex vivo rat hippocampus and in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) patient-derived astrocytes. Our data therefore indicate that dietary decanoic acid may provide a new therapeutic approach to down-regulate mTORC1 signaling.
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22
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Dutta S, Das N, Mukherjee P. Picking up a Fight: Fine Tuning Mitochondrial Innate Immune Defenses Against RNA Viruses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1990. [PMID: 32983015 PMCID: PMC7487669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world faces the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become an urgent need of the hour to understand how our immune system sense and respond to RNA viruses that are often life-threatening. While most vaccine strategies for these viruses are developed around a programmed antibody response, relatively less attention is paid to our innate immune defenses that can determine the outcome of a viral infection via the production of antiviral cytokines like Type I Interferons. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that the "cytokine storm" induced by aberrant activation of the innate immune response against a viral pathogen may sometimes offer replicative advantage to the virus thus promoting disease pathogenesis. Thus, it is important to fine tune the responses of the innate immune network that can be achieved via a deeper insight into the candidate molecules involved. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like the Toll like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) recognize cytosolic RNA viruses and mount an antiviral immune response. RLRs recognize invasive viral RNA produced during infection and mediate the induction of Type I Interferons via the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) molecule. It is an intriguing fact that the mitochondrion, one of the cell's most vital organelle, has evolved to be a central hub in this antiviral defense. However, cytokine responses and interferon signaling via MAVS signalosome at the mitochondria must be tightly regulated to prevent overactivation of the immune responses. This review focuses on our current understanding of the innate immune sensing of the host mitochondria by the RLR-MAVS signalosome and its specificity against some of the emerging/re-emerging RNA viruses like Ebola, Zika, Influenza A virus (IAV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that may expand our understanding for novel pharmaceutical development.
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23
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Zhao B, Chen Y, Li M, Zhou J, Teng Z, Chen J, Zhao X, Wu H, Bai T, Mao S, Fang F, Chu W, Huang H, Huai C, Shen L, Zhou W, Sun L, Zheng X, Cheng G, Sun Y, Wang D, He L, Shu Y, Zhang X, Qin S. Novel susceptibility loci for A(H7N9) infection identified by next generation sequencing and functional analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11768. [PMID: 32678187 PMCID: PMC7366728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The A(H7N9) virus strain that emerged in 2013 was associated with a high fatality rate and may become a long-term threat to public health. A(H7N9) disease incidence is disproportionate to viral exposure, suggesting that host genetic factors may significantly influence susceptibility to A(H7N9) infection. Human genome variation in conferring risk for A(H7N9) infection in Chinese populations was identified by a two-stage investigation involving 121 A(H7N9) patients and 187 healthy controls using next generation sequencing followed by functional analysis. As a result, a low frequency variant (rs189256251; P = 0.0303, OR = 3.45, 95% CI 1.05–11.35, chi-square test) and three HLA alleles (DQB1*06:01, DQA1*05:05 and C*12:02) were identified in A(H7N9) infected volunteers. In an A549 cell line carrying the rs189256251 variant CT genotype, A(H7N9) infection incidence was elevated 6.665-fold over control cells carrying the CC genotype. Serum levels of interferon alpha were significantly lower in patients with the CT genotype compared to the CC genotype (P = 0.01). The study findings of genetic predisposition to A(H7N9) in the Chinese population may be valuable in systematic investigations of A(H7N9) disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Zhao
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200036, China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China
| | - Mo Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zheng Teng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200036, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200036, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200036, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tian Bai
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shenghua Mao
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200036, China
| | - Fanghao Fang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200036, China
| | - Wei Chu
- Shanghai Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Cong Huai
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital and Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital and Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | | | - Ye Sun
- Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention China CDC, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510275, China. .,National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200036, China.
| | - Shengying Qin
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
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24
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Ren Z, Ding T, Zuo Z, Xu Z, Deng J, Wei Z. Regulation of MAVS Expression and Signaling Function in the Antiviral Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1030. [PMID: 32536927 PMCID: PMC7267026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection is controlled by host innate immune cells that express specialized receptors for viral components. Engagement of these pattern recognition receptors triggers a series of signaling pathways that culminate in the production of antiviral mediators such as type I interferons. Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) acts as a central hub for signal transduction initiated by RIG-I-like receptors, which predominantly recognize viral RNA. MAVS expression and function are regulated by both post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, of which ubiquitination and phosphorylation play the most important roles in modulating MAVS function. Increasing evidence indicates that viruses can escape the host antiviral response by interfering at multiple points in the MAVS signaling pathways, thereby maintaining viral survival and replication. This review summarizes recent studies on the mechanisms by which MAVS expression and signaling are normally regulated and on the various strategies employed by viruses to antagonize MAVS activity, which may provide new insights into the design of novel antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- The College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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25
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Wu X, Spence JS, Das T, Yuan X, Chen C, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun Y, Chandran K, Hang HC, Peng T. Site-Specific Photo-Crosslinking Proteomics Reveal Regulation of IFITM3 Trafficking and Turnover by VCP/p97 ATPase. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:571-585.e6. [PMID: 32243810 PMCID: PMC7194980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a key interferon effector that broadly prevents infection by diverse viruses. However, the cellular factors that control IFITM3 homeostasis and antiviral activity have not been fully elucidated. Using site-specific photo-crosslinking and quantitative proteomic analysis, here we present the identification and functional characterization of VCP/p97 AAA-ATPase as a primary interaction partner of IFITM3. We show that IFITM3 ubiquitination at lysine 24 is crucial for VCP binding, trafficking, turnover, and engagement with incoming virus particles. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of VCP/p97 ATPase activity leads to defective IFITM3 lysosomal sorting, turnover, and co-trafficking with virus particles. Our results showcase the utility of site-specific protein photo-crosslinking in mammalian cells and reveal VCP/p97 as a key cellular factor involved in IFITM3 trafficking and homeostasis. Photo-crosslinking proteomics identify VCP/p97 as an IFITM3-interacting protein Ubiquitination of IFITM3 is crucial for interaction with VCP Lysine 24 ubiquitination regulates IFITM3 trafficking and turnover Depletion or inhibition of VCP leads to delayed turnover and accumulation of IFITM3
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jennifer S Spence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tandrila Das
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiaoqiu Yuan
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chengjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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26
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Thioredoxin 2 Negatively Regulates Innate Immunity to RNA Viruses by Disrupting the Assembly of the Virus-Induced Signaling Adaptor Complex. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01756-19. [PMID: 31915282 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01756-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA) complex plays a critical role in the innate immune response to RNA viruses. However, the mechanism of VISA complex formation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that thioredoxin 2 (TRX2) interacts with VISA at mitochondria both in vivo and in vitro Knockdown and knockout of TRX2 enhanced the formation of the VISA-associated complex, as well as virus-triggered activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and transcription of the interferon beta 1 (IFNB1) gene. TRX2 inhibits the formation of VISA aggregates by repressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby disrupting the assembly of the VISA complex. Furthermore, our data suggest that the C93 residue of TRX2 is essential for inhibition of VISA aggregation, whereas the C283 residue of VISA is required for VISA aggregation. Collectively, these findings uncover a novel mechanism of TRX2 that negatively regulates VISA complex formation.IMPORTANCE The VISA-associated complex plays pivotal roles in inducing type I interferons (IFNs) and eliciting the innate antiviral response. Many host proteins are identified as VISA-associated-complex proteins, but how VISA complex formation is regulated by host proteins remains enigmatic. We identified the TRX2 protein as an important regulator of VISA complex formation. Knockout of TRX2 increases virus- or poly(I·C)-triggered induction of type I IFNs at the VISA level. Mechanistically, TRX2 inhibits the production of ROS at its C93 site, which impairs VISA aggregates at its C283 site, and subsequently impedes the assembly of the VISA complex. Our findings suggest that TRX2 plays an important role in the regulation of VISA complex assembly.
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27
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Refolo G, Vescovo T, Piacentini M, Fimia GM, Ciccosanti F. Mitochondrial Interactome: A Focus on Antiviral Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:8. [PMID: 32117959 PMCID: PMC7033419 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, proteomics has represented a valuable approach to elucidate key aspects in the regulation of type I/III interferons (IFNs) and autophagy, two main processes involved in the response to viral infection, to unveil the molecular strategies that viruses have evolved to counteract these processes. Besides their main metabolic roles, mitochondria are well recognized as pivotal organelles in controlling signaling pathways essential to restrain viral infections. In particular, a major role in antiviral defense is played by mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, an adaptor protein that coordinates the activation of IFN inducing pathways and autophagy at the mitochondrial level. Here, we provide an overview of how mass spectrometry-based studies of protein–protein interactions and post-translational modifications (PTMs) have fostered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control the mitochondria-mediated antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Refolo
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vescovo
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Lazzaro Spallanzani, National Institute for Infectious Diseases - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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28
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Xia Z, Xu G, Nie L, Liu L, Peng N, He Q, Zuo Q, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Liu S, Zhu Y. NAC1 Potentiates Cellular Antiviral Signaling by Bridging MAVS and TBK1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:1001-1011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Yuan P, Huang S, Yang Z, Xie L, Wang K, Yang Y, Ran L, Yu Q, Song Z. UBXN1 interacts with the S1 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus and plays a role in viral replication. Vet Res 2019; 50:28. [PMID: 31029162 PMCID: PMC6487014 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes diarrhea in pigs and is associated with high morbidity and mortality in sucking piglets. S1 is one of two protein domains in the spike (S) glycoprotein and is responsible for enteric tropism, sialic acid recognition, and host receptor binding. Although there has been extensive research on the S1 protein of TGEV, little is known about the intracellular role of TGEV-S1. In the present study, we used yeast two-hybrid screening of a cDNA library from porcine intestinal cells to identify proteins that interact with TGEV-S1. Among 120 positive clones from the library, 12 intracellular proteins were identified after sequencing and a BLAST search. These intracellular proteins are involved in protein synthesis and degradation, biological signal transduction, and negative control of signaling pathways. Using a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay and Co-IP, we found that UBXN1 interacts with the S1 protein. Here, we observed that TGEV infection led to increased UBXN1 expression levels during the late phase of infection in IPEC-J2 cells. Inhibition of UBXN1 in IPEC-J2 cells via siRNA interference significantly decreased the viral titer and downregulated the expression of S1. UBXN1 overexpression significantly increased the viral copy number. Additionally, we provided data suggesting that UBXN1 negatively regulates IFN-β expression after TGEV infection. Finally, our research indicated that UBXN1 plays a vital role in the process of TGEV infection, making it a candidate target for the development of a novel antiviral method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Shilei Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Luyi Xie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Lin Ran
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Qiuhan Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Zhenhui Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China.
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30
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RACK1 attenuates RLR antiviral signaling by targeting VISA-TRAF complexes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:667-674. [PMID: 30527812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA), which mediates the production of type I interferon, is crucial for the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway. Upon viral infection, RIG-I recognizes double-stranded viral RNA and interacts with VISA to mediate antiviral innate immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral regulation remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed that receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) interacts with VISA and attenuates the RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling pathway. Overexpression of RACK1 inhibited the interferon-β (IFN-β) promoter; interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE); nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation; and dimerization of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) mediated by RIG-I, VISA, and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). A reduction in RACK1 expression level upon small interfering RNA knockdown increased RIG/VISA-mediated antiviral transduction. Additionally, RACK1 disrupted formation of the VISA-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), VISA-TRAF3, and VISA-TRAF6 complexes during RIG-I/VISA-mediated signal transduction. Additionally, RACK1 enhanced K48-linked ubiquitination of VISA, attenuated its K63-linked ubiquitination, and decreased VISA-mediated antiviral signal transduction. Together, these results indicate that RACK1 interacts with VISA to repress downstream signaling and downregulates virus-induced IFN-β production in the RIG-I/VISA signaling pathway.
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Ling T, Li SN, Weng GX, Wang W, Li C, Cao L, Rao H, Shu HB, Xu LG. TARBP2 negatively regulates IFN-β production and innate antiviral response by targeting MAVS. Mol Immunol 2018; 104:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Ma J, Ketkar H, Geng T, Lo E, Wang L, Xi J, Sun Q, Zhu Z, Cui Y, Yang L, Wang P. Zika Virus Non-structural Protein 4A Blocks the RLR-MAVS Signaling. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1350. [PMID: 29988497 PMCID: PMC6026624 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses have evolved complex mechanisms to evade the mammalian host immune systems including the RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) like receptor (RLR) signaling. Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging flavivirus that is associated with severe neonatal microcephaly and adult Guillain-Barre syndrome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV pathogenesis remain poorly defined. Here we report that ZIKV non-structural protein 4A (NS4A) impairs the RLR-mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) interaction and subsequent induction of antiviral immune responses. In human trophoblasts, both RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) contribute to type I interferon (IFN) induction and control ZIKV replication. Type I IFN induction by ZIKV is almost completely abolished in MAVS-/- cells. NS4A represses RLR-, but not Toll-like receptor-mediated immune responses. NS4A specifically binds the N-terminal caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) of MAVS and thus blocks its accessibility by RLRs. Our study provides in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune evasion by ZIKV and its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Harshada Ketkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Emily Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Leilei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juemin Xi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanbo Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yudong Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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The VCP-UBXN1 Complex Mediates Triage of Ubiquitylated Cytosolic Proteins Bound to the BAG6 Complex. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00154-18. [PMID: 29685906 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00154-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A balance between protein synthesis and degradation is necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis. Failure to triage aberrant proteins may result in their accumulation and aggregation in the cytosol. The valosin-containing protein (VCP)-BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6) complex facilitates a wide variety of ubiquitin-mediated quality control events at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), both prior to ER translocation and during ER-associated degradation (ERAD). However, how ubiquitylated clients associated with BAG6 are recognized by VCP for proteasomal degradation is presently unknown. We have identified UBXN1 as the VCP adaptor in BAG6-dependent processes occurring prior to ER insertion but not during ERAD. The loss of VCP-UBXN1 results in the inappropriate stabilization of ubiquitylated BAG6 clients and their accumulation in insoluble aggregates and sensitizes cells to proteotoxic stress. Our results identify how VCP is specifically targeted to ubiquitylated substrates in the BAG6 triage pathway and suggest that the degradation of ubiquitylated clients by the proteasome is reliant on the association of UBXN1 with ubiquitylated substrates and the catalytic activity of VCP.
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Yang L, Wang L, Ketkar H, Ma J, Yang G, Cui S, Geng T, Mordue DG, Fujimoto T, Cheng G, You F, Lin R, Fikrig E, Wang P. UBXN3B positively regulates STING-mediated antiviral immune responses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2329. [PMID: 29899553 PMCID: PMC5998066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin regulatory X domain-containing proteins (UBXNs) are likely involved in diverse biological processes. Their physiological functions, however, remain largely unknown. Here we present physiological evidence that UBXN3B positively regulates stimulator-of-interferon genes (STING) signaling. We employ a tamoxifen-inducible Cre-LoxP approach to generate systemic Ubxn3b knockout in adult mice as the Ubxn3b-null mutation is embryonically lethal. Ubxn3b-/-, like Sting-/- mice, are highly susceptible to lethal herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection, which is correlated with deficient immune responses when compared to Ubxn3b+/+ littermates. HSV-1 and STING agonist-induced immune responses are also reduced in several mouse and human Ubxn3b-/- primary cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that UBXN3B interacts with both STING and its E3 ligase TRIM56, and facilitates STING ubiquitination, dimerization, trafficking, and consequent recruitment and phosphorylation of TBK1. These results provide physiological evidence that links the UBXN family with antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- 0000 0001 0728 151Xgrid.260917.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA ,0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bLady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2 Canada
| | - Leilei Wang
- 0000 0001 0728 151Xgrid.260917.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA ,0000 0000 9678 1884grid.412449.eDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 110004 Shenyang City, Liaoning Province China
| | - Harshada Ketkar
- 0000 0001 0728 151Xgrid.260917.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Jinzhu Ma
- 0000 0001 0728 151Xgrid.260917.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA ,0000 0004 1808 3449grid.412064.5College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, 163319 Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Guang Yang
- 0000 0004 1790 3548grid.258164.cDepartment of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510610 Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province China
| | - Shuang Cui
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- 0000 0001 0728 151Xgrid.260917.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Dana G. Mordue
- 0000 0001 0728 151Xgrid.260917.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- 0000 0001 0943 978Xgrid.27476.30Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Gong Cheng
- 0000 0001 0662 3178grid.12527.33Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Fuping You
- 0000 0001 2256 9319grid.11135.37Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- 0000 0004 1936 8649grid.14709.3bLady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2 Canada
| | - Erol Fikrig
- 0000000419368710grid.47100.32Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510 USA ,0000 0001 2167 1581grid.413575.1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- 0000 0001 0728 151Xgrid.260917.bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA
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Possible role of the Nipah virus V protein in the regulation of the interferon beta induction by interacting with UBX domain-containing protein1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7682. [PMID: 29769705 PMCID: PMC5955904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes lethal encephalitis in humans. We previously reported that the V protein, one of the three accessory proteins encoded by the P gene, is one of the key determinants of the pathogenesis of NiV in a hamster infection model. Satterfield B.A. et al. have also revealed that V protein is required for the pathogenicity of henipavirus in a ferret infection model. However, the complete functions of NiV V have not been clarified. In this study, we identified UBX domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1), a negative regulator of RIG-I-like receptor signaling, as a host protein that interacts with NiV V. NiV V interacted with the UBX domain of UBXN1 via its proximal zinc-finger motif in the C-terminal domain. NiV V increased the level of UBXN1 protein by suppressing its proteolysis. Furthermore, NiV V suppressed RIG-I and MDA5-dependent interferon signaling by stabilizing UBXN1 and increasing the interaction between MAVS and UBXN1 in addition to directly interrupting the activation of MDA5. Our results suggest a novel molecular mechanism by which the induction of interferon is potentially suppressed by NiV V protein via UBXN1.
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has been a significant public health concern in the United States for nearly two decades. The virus has been linked to acute viral encephalitis, neurological sequelae, and chronic kidney diseases. Neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are currently available for humans. In vitro cell culture and experimental animal models have been used to study WNV infection in humans. In this review, we will focus on recent findings and provide new insights into WNV host immunity and viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanle Luo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA.,Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
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37
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Luo WW, Li S, Li C, Zheng ZQ, Cao P, Tong Z, Lian H, Wang SY, Shu HB, Wang YY. iRhom2 is essential for innate immunity to RNA virus by antagonizing ER- and mitochondria-associated degradation of VISA. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006693. [PMID: 29155878 PMCID: PMC5722342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
VISA (also known as MAVS, IPS-1 and Cardif) is an essential adaptor protein in innate immune response to RNA virus. The protein level of VISA is delicately regulated before and after viral infection to ensure the optimal activation and timely termination of innate antiviral response. It has been reported that several E3 ubiquitin ligases can mediate the degradation of VISA, but how the stability of VISA is maintained before and after viral infection remains enigmatic. In this study, we found that the ER-associated inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) plays an essential role in mounting an efficient innate immune response to RNA virus by maintaining the stability of VISA through distinct mechanisms. In un-infected and early infected cells, iRhom2 mediates auto-ubiquitination and degradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF5 and impairs the assembly of VISA-RNF5-GP78 complexes, thereby antagonizes ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of VISA. In the late phase of viral infection, iRhom2 mediates proteasome-dependent degradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 and impairs mitochondria-associated degradation (MAD) of VISA. Maintenance of VISA stability by iRhom2 ensures efficient innate antiviral response at the early phase of viral infection and ready for next round of response. Our findings suggest that iRhom2 acts as a checkpoint for the ERAD/MAD of VISA, which ensures proper innate immune response to RNA virus. VISA is a central adaptor in innate immune response to RNA virus, which is down-regulated by multiple ubiquitination-dependent mechanisms. In this study, we found that the ER-associated protein iRhom2 promotes VISA stability by suppressing ER- and mitochondria-associated degradation pathways in early- and late-infected cells respectively, thereby plays an essential role in efficient innate immune response to RNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Li
- Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou-Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Lian
- Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Su-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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38
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Kim JH, Park ME, Nikapitiya C, Kim TH, Uddin MB, Lee HC, Kim E, Ma JY, Jung JU, Kim CJ, Lee JS. FAS-associated factor-1 positively regulates type I interferon response to RNA virus infection by targeting NLRX1. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006398. [PMID: 28542569 PMCID: PMC5456407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated factor-1 (FAF1) is a component of the death-inducing signaling complex involved in Fas-mediated apoptosis. It regulates NF-κB activity, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation. Here, we found that FAF1 positively regulates the type I interferon pathway. FAF1gt/gt mice, which deficient in FAF1, and FAF1 knockdown immune cells were highly susceptible to RNA virus infection and showed low levels of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN) production. FAF1 was bound competitively to NLRX1 and positively regulated type I IFN signaling by interfering with the interaction between NLRX1 and MAVS, thereby freeing MAVS to bind RIG-I, which switched on the MAVS-RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling cascade. These results highlight a critical role of FAF1 in antiviral responses against RNA virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Eun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Hyun-Cheol Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, United States of America
| | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Jin HS, Suh HW, Kim SJ, Jo EK. Mitochondrial Control of Innate Immunity and Inflammation. Immune Netw 2017; 17:77-88. [PMID: 28458619 PMCID: PMC5407986 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles involved in energy production, functioning as the metabolic hubs of cells. Recent findings emphasize the emerging role of the mitochondrion as a key intracellular signaling platform regulating innate immune and inflammatory responses. Several mitochondrial proteins and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species have emerged as central players orchestrating the innate immune responses to pathogens and damaging ligands. This review explores our current understanding of the roles played by mitochondria in regulation of innate immunity and inflammatory responses. Recent advances in our understanding of the relationship between autophagy, mitochondria, and inflammasome activation are also briefly discussed. A comprehensive understanding of mitochondrial role in toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses and NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation, will facilitate development of novel therapeutics to treat various infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Sun Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kim
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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40
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Nie Y, Ran Y, Zhang HY, Huang ZF, Pan ZY, Wang SY, Wang YY. GPATCH3 negatively regulates RLR-mediated innate antiviral responses by disrupting the assembly of VISA signalosome. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006328. [PMID: 28414768 PMCID: PMC5407853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon viral infection, retinoic acid–inducible gene I–like receptors (RLRs) recognize viral RNA and trigger a series of signaling events, leading to the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). These processes are delicately regulated to prevent excessive and harmful immune responses. In this study, we identified G patch domain-containing protein 3 (GPATCH3) as a negative regulator of RLR-mediated antiviral signaling pathways. Overexpression of GPATCH3 impaired RNA virus- triggered induction of downstream antiviral genes, whereas its knockdown had opposite effects and attenuated viral replication. In addition, GPATCH3-deficient cells had higher IFNB1 mRNA level compared with control cells after RNA virus infection. Mechanistically, GPATCH3 was recruited to VISA in a viral infection dependent manner and the assembly of VISA/TRAF6/TBK1 signalosome was impaired in GPATCH3-overexpressing cells. In contrast, upon viral infection, the recruitment of TRAF6 and TBK1 to VISA was enhanced in GPATCH3 deficient cells. Taking together, our findings demonstrate that GPATCH3 interacts with VISA and disrupts the assembly of virus-induced VISA signalosome therefore acts as a negative regulator of RLR-mediated innate antiviral immune responses. Virus infection triggers the host cells to produce type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines, which are secreted proteins important for the host to clear viruses. Previously, we identified VISA (also named as MAVS, IPS-1 and Cardif) as a critical adaptor of virus-triggered, RLR-mediated induction of innate antiviral responses. In this study, we further found that GPATCH3, a functionally uncharacterized protein, interacted with mitochondria-localized VISA upon virus infection and disrupted the assembly of VISA-signalosome. Therefore, GPATCH3 acts as a negative regulator of VISA and functions as a brake of RLR-mediated antiviral innate responses. This discovery helps to understand how the innate antiviral responses are delicately regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Ran
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe-Fu Huang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Yi Pan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Su-Yun Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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41
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Hee JS, Cresswell P. Viperin interaction with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) limits viperin-mediated inhibition of the interferon response in macrophages. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172236. [PMID: 28207838 PMCID: PMC5313200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Viperin is an antiviral protein that is upregulated by interferons and by ligands for a variety of innate immune receptors. It possesses diverse capabilities and functions in an array of viral infections. Studies have shown that it appears to be particularly important in defence against RNA viruses, such as West Nile, Dengue, and Chikungunya viruses, although the specific mechanisms involved are not well understood at the molecular level. Here we identify the mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein MAVS as a novel viperin interaction partner, most likely in mitochondria associated membranes, and characterize a more central, overarching role of viperin as a negative regulator of the interferon response, an ability that can be regulated by the viperin-MAVS interaction. This suggests a novel mechanism of viperin action in immune defence against RNA viruses by which it may prevent pathology from excessive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shee Hee
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Peter Cresswell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Hu Y, O’Boyle K, Auer J, Raju S, You F, Wang P, Fikrig E, Sutton RE. Multiple UBXN family members inhibit retrovirus and lentivirus production and canonical NFκΒ signaling by stabilizing IκBα. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006187. [PMID: 28152074 PMCID: PMC5308826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UBXN proteins likely participate in the global regulation of protein turnover, and we have shown that UBXN1 interferes with RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling by interacting with MAVS and impeding its downstream effector functions. Here we demonstrate that over-expression of multiple UBXN family members decreased lentivirus and retrovirus production by several orders-of-magnitude in single cycle assays, at the level of long terminal repeat-driven transcription, and three family members, UBXN1, N9, and N11 blocked the canonical NFκB pathway by binding to Cullin1 (Cul1), inhibiting IκBα degradation. Multiple regions of UBXN1, including its UBA domain, were critical for its activity. Elimination of UBXN1 resulted in early murine embryonic lethality. shRNA-mediated knockdown of UBXN1 enhanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) production up to 10-fold in single cycle assays. In primary human fibroblasts, knockdown of UBXN1 caused prolonged degradation of IκBα and enhanced NFκB signaling, which was also observed after CRISPR-mediated knockout of UBXN1 in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Knockout of UBXN1 significantly up- and down-regulated hundreds of genes, notably those of several cell adhesion and immune signaling pathways. Reduction in UBXN1 gene expression in Jurkat T cells latently infected with HIV resulted in enhanced HIV gene expression, consistent with the role of UBXN1 in modulating the NFκB pathway. Based upon co-immunoprecipitation studies with host factors known to bind Cul1, models are presented as to how UBXN1 could be inhibiting Cul1 activity. The ability of UBXN1 and other family members to negatively regulate the NFκB pathway may be important for dampening the host immune response in disease processes and also re-activating quiescent HIV from latent viral reservoirs in chronically infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Hu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kaitlin O’Boyle
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jim Auer
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sagar Raju
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Fuping You
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Penghua Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Sutton
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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The CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting EGFR exon 17 abrogates NF-κB activation via epigenetic modulation of UBXN1 in EGFRwt/vIII glioma cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:269-280. [PMID: 27998759 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal and frequent intracranial tumor. Despite decades of study, the overall survival of GBM patients remains unchanged. epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and gene mutation are thought to be negatively correlated with prognosis. In this study, we used proteomics to determine that UBXN1 is a negative downstream regulator of the EGFR mutation vIII (EGFRvIII). Via bioinformatics analysis, we found that UBXN1 is a factor that can improve glioma patients' overall survival time. We also determined that the down-regulation of UBXN1 is mediated by the upregulation of H3K27me3 in the presence of EGFRvIII. Because NF-κB can be negatively regulated by UBXN1, we believe that EGFRwt/vIII activates NF-κB by suppressing UBXN1 expression. Importantly, we used the latest genomic editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9, to knockout EGFRwt/vIII on exon 17 and further proved that UBXN1 is negatively regulated by EGFRwt/vIII. Furthermore, knockout of EGFR/EGFRvIII could benefit GBM in vitro and in vivo, indicating that CRISPR/Cas9 is a promising therapeutic strategy for both EGFR amplification and EGFR mutation-bearing patients.
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Cao Z, Xia Z, Zhou Y, Yang X, Hao H, Peng N, Liu S, Zhu Y. Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 1 potentiates RLR-induced NF-κB signaling by targeting MAVS complex. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33557. [PMID: 27629939 PMCID: PMC5024325 DOI: 10.1038/srep33557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA virus infections are detected by the RIG-I family of receptors, which signal through the adaptor molecule mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS). MAVS then recruits the adaptor’s tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3 and TRAF6, which in turn activate IRF3 and NF-κB, respectively, to induce interferons (IFNs) and inflammatory responses. Here we show that the biotin-containing enzyme methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (MCCC1) enhances virus-induced, MAVS-mediated IFN and inflammatory cytokine expression through the NF-κB signaling pathway. MCCC1 knockdown strongly inhibits induction of IFNs and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, MCCC1 shows extensive antiviral activity toward RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, human enterovirus 71, and vesicular stomatitis virus. Here, we have elucidated the mechanism underlying MCCC1-mediated inhibition of viral replication. MCCC1 interacts with MAVS and components of the MAVS signalosome and contributes to enhanced production of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines by promoting phosphorylation of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex and NF-κB inhibitor-α (IκBα), as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation. This process leads to activation of IFNs and cytokine expression and subsequent activation of IFN-stimulated genes, including double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR and myxovirus resistance protein 1. These findings demonstrate that MCCC1 plays an essential role in virus-triggered, MAVS-mediated activation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhangchuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hua Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nanfang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Abstract
Mitochondria are unique dynamic organelles that evolved from free-living bacteria into endosymbionts of mammalian hosts (Sagan 1967; Hatefi 1985). They have a distinct ~16.6 kb closed circular DNA genome coding for 13 polypeptides (Taanman 1999). In addition, a majority of the ~1500 mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus and transported to the mitochondria (Bonawitz et al. 2006). Mitochondria have two membranes: an outer smooth membrane and a highly folded inner membrane called cristae, which encompasses the matrix that houses the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and lipid metabolism. The inner mitochondrial membrane houses the protein complexes comprising the electron transport chain (ETC) (Hatefi 1985).
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hockenbery
- Clinical Research Divison, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington USA
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46
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Cao Z, Zhou Y, Zhu S, Feng J, Chen X, Liu S, Peng N, Yang X, Xu G, Zhu Y. Pyruvate Carboxylase Activates the RIG-I-like Receptor-Mediated Antiviral Immune Response by Targeting the MAVS signalosome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22002. [PMID: 26906558 PMCID: PMC4764940 DOI: 10.1038/srep22002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 protein (RIG-I)-like receptors sense viral dsRNA in the cytosol, RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are recruited to the mitochondria to interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and initiate antiviral immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that the biotin-containing enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC) plays an essential role in the virus-triggered activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling mediated by MAVS. PC contributes to the enhanced production of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and PC knockdown inhibits the virus-triggered innate immune response. In addition, PC shows extensive antiviral activity against RNA viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), human enterovirus 71 (EV71), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Furthermore, PC mediates antiviral action by targeting the MAVS signalosome and induces IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines by promoting phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor-α (IκBα) and the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation, which leads to activation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) and myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1). Our findings suggest that PC is an important player in host antiviral signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/immunology
- Enterovirus A, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus A, Human/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Reporter
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatocytes/immunology
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Interferon Type I/genetics
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/immunology
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/immunology
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/genetics
- NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha/immunology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/immunology
- Pyruvate Carboxylase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyruvate Carboxylase/genetics
- Pyruvate Carboxylase/immunology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/immunology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Signal Transduction
- Vesiculovirus/genetics
- Vesiculovirus/immunology
- eIF-2 Kinase/genetics
- eIF-2 Kinase/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongying Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yaqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Nanfang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Lalani AI, Luo C, Han Y, Xie P. TRAF3: a novel tumor suppressor gene in macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 2:e1009. [PMID: 26661944 DOI: 10.14800/macrophage.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a member of the TRAF family of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins with E3 ligase activity, is ubiquitously expressed in various cell types of the immune system. It is shared for signaling by a variety of adaptive and innate immune receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Previous studies examining conditional TRAF3-deficient mouse models that have the Traf3 gene specifically deleted in B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes have revealed the diverse and critical in vivo functions of TRAF3 in adaptive immunity. Although in vitro evidence points to a pivotal and indispensable role for TRAF3 in type I interferon production induced by pattern recognition receptors in macrophages and dendritic cells, the in vivo functions of TRAF3 in the innate immune system had long remained unclear. Three laboratories have recently addressed this gap in knowledge by investigating myeloid cell-specific TRAF3-deficient (genotype: TRAF3flox/floxLysM+/Cre) mice. The new evidence together demonstrates that specific ablation of TRAF3 in myeloid cells leads to inflammatory diseases, altered progression of diabetes, and spontaneous development of different types of tumors and infections in mice. These new findings indicate that TRAF3 acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and is required for optimal innate immunity in myeloid cells. Strikingly, the new evidence also identifies TRAF3 as a novel tumor suppressor gene in macrophages and other myeloid cells. In this review, we discuss and summarize the new findings and current knowledge about the multi-faceted regulatory roles and complex signaling mechanisms of myeloid cell TRAF3 in inflammation, innate immunity, and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almin I Lalani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Chang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Yeming Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA ; Member, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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Wang P, Zhu S, Yang L, Cui S, Pan W, Jackson R, Zheng Y, Rongvaux A, Sun Q, Yang G, Gao S, Lin R, You F, Flavell R, Fikrig E. Nlrp6 regulates intestinal antiviral innate immunity. Science 2015; 350:826-30. [PMID: 26494172 DOI: 10.1126/science.aab3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (Nlrp) 6 maintains gut microbiota homeostasis and regulates antibacterial immunity. We now report a role for Nlrp6 in the control of enteric virus infection. Nlrp6(-/-) and control mice systemically challenged with encephalomyocarditis virus had similar mortality; however, the gastrointestinal tract of Nlrp6(-/-) mice exhibited increased viral loads. Nlrp6(-/-) mice orally infected with encephalomyocarditis virus had increased mortality and viremia compared with controls. Similar results were observed with murine norovirus 1. Nlrp6 bound viral RNA via the RNA helicase Dhx15 and interacted with mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein to induce type I/III interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These data demonstrate that Nlrp6 functions with Dhx15 as a viral RNA sensor to induce ISGs, and this effect is especially important in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Long Yang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Shuang Cui
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruaidhri Jackson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yunjiang Zheng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anthony Rongvaux
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Qiangming Sun
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shandian Gao
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rongtuan Lin
- Lady Davis Institute, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fuping You
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA.
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA.
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The mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 resolves MAVS aggregates during antiviral signalling. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7910. [PMID: 26246171 PMCID: PMC4918326 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria serve as platforms for innate immunity. The mitochondrial antiviral signalling (MAVS) protein forms aggregates that elicit robust type-I interferon induction on viral infection, but persistent MAVS signalling leads to host immunopathology; it remains unknown how these signalling aggregates are resolved. Here we identify the mitochondria-resident E3 ligase, MARCH5, as a negative regulator of MAVS aggregates. March5+/− mice and MARCH5-deficient immune cells exhibit low viral replication and elevated type-I interferon responses to RNA viruses. MARCH5 binds MAVS only during viral stimulation when MAVS forms aggregates, and these interactions require the RING domain of MARCH5 and the CARD domain of MAVS. MARCH5, but not its RING mutant (MARCH5H43W), reduces the level of MAVS aggregates. MARCH5 transfers ubiquitin to Lys7 and Lys500 of MAVS and promotes its proteasome-mediated degradation. Our results indicate that MARCH5 modulates MAVS-mediated antiviral signalling, preventing excessive immune reactions. RNA viral infections trigger an immune response mediated by the formation of aggregates of the MAVS protein. Here the authors show that the mitochondrial protein MARCH5 modulates this response by transferring ubiquitin to MAVS aggregates, thus promoting their proteasomal degradation.
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50
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Montgomery RR, Murray KO. Risk factors for West Nile virus infection and disease in populations and individuals. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:317-25. [PMID: 25637260 PMCID: PMC4939899 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1007043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne enveloped positive-strand RNA virus that emerged in North America in 1999 in New York City. Over the past 15 years, WNV has become established throughout the USA and has spread into Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. CDC reports indicate >41,000 clinical cases, including more than 1700 fatalities. An estimated 3 million people in the USA may have been infected to date. Infection with WNV is dependent on many factors including climate, mosquito habitats and immunologically naïve bird populations. In addition, variations within individuals contribute to the risk of severe disease, in particular, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression and critical elements of the immune response. Recent advances in technology now allow detailed analysis of complex immune interactions relevant to disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
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