1
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Ilaria S, Tamara D, Antonella DJ, Elena M. Role of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts in neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric conditions. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39099373 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts (MERCs) mediate a close and continuous communication between both organelles that is essential for the transfer of calcium and lipids to mitochondria, necessary for cellular signalling and metabolic pathways. Their structural and molecular characterisation has shown the involvement of many proteins that bridge the membranes of the two organelles and maintain the structural stability and function of these contacts. The crosstalk between the two organelles is fundamental for proper neuronal function and is now recognised as a component of many neurological disorders. In fact, an increasing proportion of MERC proteins take part in the molecular and cellular basis of pathologies affecting the nervous system. Here we review the alterations in MERCs that have been reported for these pathologies, from neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to neurodegenerative diseases. Although mitochondrial abnormalities in these debilitating conditions have been extensively attributed to the high energy demand of neurons, a distinct role for MERCs is emerging as a new field of research. Understanding the molecular details of such alterations may open the way to new paths of therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serangeli Ilaria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Diamanti Tamara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - De Jaco Antonella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Miranda Elena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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2
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He Z, Xie L, Liu J, Wei X, Zhang W, Mei Z. Novel insight into the role of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) in ischemic stroke and therapeutic potentials. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116715. [PMID: 38739993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a devastating disease associated with high mortality and disability worldwide, has emerged as an urgent public health issue. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) are a group of signal-organizing molecules that compartmentalize and anchor a wide range of receptors and effector proteins and have a major role in stabilizing mitochondrial function and promoting neurodevelopmental development in the central nervous system (CNS). Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of AKAPs expression and activity is closely associated with oxidative stress, ion disorder, mitochondrial dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment in ischemic stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the composition and structure of A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) family members, emphasizing their physiological functions in the CNS. We explored in depth the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AKAP complexes in the pathological progression and risk factors of ischemic stroke, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, lipid metabolism disorders, and atrial fibrillation. Herein, we highlight the potential of AKAP complexes as a pharmacological target against ischemic stroke in the hope of inspiring translational research and innovative clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu He
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Letian Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China; Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
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3
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He Y, He T, Li H, Chen W, Zhong B, Wu Y, Chen R, Hu Y, Ma H, Wu B, Hu W, Han Z. Deciphering mitochondrial dysfunction: Pathophysiological mechanisms in vascular cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116428. [PMID: 38599056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses a range of cognitive deficits arising from vascular pathology. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying VCI remain incompletely understood; however, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is widely acknowledged as a principal pathological contributor. Mitochondria, crucial for cellular energy production and intracellular signaling, can lead to numerous neurological impairments when dysfunctional. Recent evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction-marked by oxidative stress, disturbed calcium homeostasis, compromised mitophagy, and anomalies in mitochondrial dynamics-plays a pivotal role in VCI pathogenesis. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest insights into mitochondrial dysfunction within the VCI context, focusing on both the origins and consequences of compromised mitochondrial health. It aims to lay a robust scientific groundwork for guiding the development and refinement of mitochondrial-targeted interventions for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao He
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, China
| | - Hongpei Li
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Biying Zhong
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Runming Chen
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuli Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaping Ma
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhenyun Han
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Jaholkowski P, Hindley GFL, Shadrin AA, Tesfaye M, Bahrami S, Nerhus M, Rahman Z, O’Connell KS, Holen B, Parker N, Cheng W, Lin A, Rødevand L, Karadag N, Frei O, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Smeland OB, Andreassen OA. Genome-wide Association Analysis of Schizophrenia and Vitamin D Levels Shows Shared Genetic Architecture and Identifies Novel Risk Loci. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1654-1664. [PMID: 37163672 PMCID: PMC10686370 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Low vitamin D (vitD) levels have been consistently reported in schizophrenia (SCZ) suggesting a role in the etiopathology. However, little is known about the role of underlying shared genetic mechanisms. We applied a conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate approach (FDR) on large, nonoverlapping genome-wide association studies for SCZ (N cases = 53 386, N controls = 77 258) and vitD serum concentration (N = 417 580) to evaluate shared common genetic variants. The identified genomic loci were characterized using functional analyses and biological repositories. We observed cross-trait SNP enrichment in SCZ conditioned on vitD and vice versa, demonstrating shared genetic architecture. Applying the conjunctional FDR approach, we identified 72 loci jointly associated with SCZ and vitD at conjunctional FDR < 0.05. Among the 72 shared loci, 40 loci have not previously been reported for vitD, and 9 were novel for SCZ. Further, 64% had discordant effects on SCZ-risk and vitD levels. A mixture of shared variants with concordant and discordant effects with a predominance of discordant effects was in line with weak negative genetic correlation (rg = -0.085). Our results displayed shared genetic architecture between SCZ and vitD with mixed effect directions, suggesting overlapping biological pathways. Shared genetic variants with complex overlapping mechanisms may contribute to the coexistence of SCZ and vitD deficiency and influence the clinical picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Jaholkowski
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F L Hindley
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, London, UK
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and
Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markos Tesfaye
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical
College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Nerhus
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Special Psychiatry, Akershus University
Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Division of Health Services Research and Psychiatry,
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo,
Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S O’Connell
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Børge Holen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadine Parker
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Weiqiu Cheng
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aihua Lin
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn Rødevand
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Naz Karadag
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of
Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital,
Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of
Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego,
La Jolla, CA
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Olav B Smeland
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health
and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and
Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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5
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Ham SJ, Yoo H, Woo D, Lee DH, Park KS, Chung J. PINK1 and Parkin regulate IP 3R-mediated ER calcium release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5202. [PMID: 37626046 PMCID: PMC10457342 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although defects in intracellular calcium homeostasis are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that loss of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin leads to dysregulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) activity, robustly increasing ER calcium release. In addition, we identify that CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1, also known as mitoNEET) functions downstream of Parkin to directly control IP3R. Both genetic and pharmacologic suppression of CISD1 and its Drosophila homolog CISD (also known as Dosmit) restore the increased ER calcium release in PINK1 and Parkin null mammalian cells and flies, respectively, demonstrating the evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanism of intracellular calcium homeostasis by the PINK1-Parkin pathway. More importantly, suppression of CISD in PINK1 and Parkin null flies rescues PD-related phenotypes including defective locomotor activity and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Based on these data, we propose that the regulation of ER calcium release by PINK1 and Parkin through CISD1 and IP3R is a feasible target for treating PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Ham
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesuk Yoo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daihn Woo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongkyeong Chung
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Ju WK, Perkins GA, Kim KY, Bastola T, Choi WY, Choi SH. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101136. [PMID: 36400670 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by a slow, progressive, and multifactorial degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, resulting in vision loss. Despite its high prevalence in individuals 60 years of age and older, the causing factors contributing to glaucoma progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatable risk factor. However, lowering IOP is insufficient for preventing disease progression. One of the significant interests in glaucoma pathogenesis is understanding the structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in RGCs and their axons and synapses. Glaucomatous risk factors such as IOP elevation, aging, genetic variation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor deprivation, and vascular dysregulation, are potential inducers for mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma. Because oxidative phosphorylation stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in glaucomatous RGCs, understanding the underlying mechanisms and relationship between structural and functional alterations in mitochondria would be beneficial to developing mitochondria-related neuroprotection in RGCs and their axons and synapses against glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we review the current studies focusing on mitochondrial dynamics-based structural and functional alterations in the mitochondria of glaucomatous RGCs and therapeutic strategies to protect RGCs against glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Woo-Young Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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7
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Cho E, Woo Y, Suh Y, Suh BK, Kim SJ, Nhung TTM, Yoo JY, Nghi TD, Lee SB, Mun DJ, Park SK. Ratiometric measurement of MAM Ca 2+ dynamics using a modified CalfluxVTN. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3586. [PMID: 37328454 PMCID: PMC10276021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) is a structure where these calcium-regulating organelles form close physical contact sites for efficient Ca2+ crosstalk. Despite the central importance of MAM Ca2+ dynamics in diverse biological processes, directly and specifically measuring Ca2+ concentrations inside MAM is technically challenging. Here, we develop MAM-Calflux, a MAM-specific BRET-based Ca2+ indicator. The successful application of the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) concept highlights Ca2+-responsive BRET signals in MAM. The BiFC strategy imparts dual functionality as a Ca2+ indicator and quantitative structural marker specific for MAM. As a ratiometric Ca2+ indicator, MAM-Calflux estimates steady-state MAM Ca2+ levels. Finally, it enables the visualization of uneven intracellular distribution of MAM Ca2+ and the elucidation of abnormally accumulated MAM Ca2+ from the neurons of Parkinson's disease mouse model in both steady-state and stimulated conditions. Therefore, we propose that MAM-Calflux can be a versatile tool for ratiometrically measuring dynamic inter-organellar Ca2+ communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbyul Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yeong Yoo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Yang Y, Wu J, Lu W, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Sun X. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes dysfunction contributes to PARP-1-dependent cell death under oxidative stress in retinal precursor cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23303. [PMID: 36639873 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Persistent poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activation has proven detrimental and can lead to PARP-1-dependent cell death. Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) serve as essential hubs for many biological pathways, such as autophagy and mitochondria fission and fusion. This study aimed to alleviate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced persistent PARP-1 activation and MAM dysregulation by the usage of a PARP-1 inhibitor. Results showed that receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 inhibitor (necrostatin-1) and PARP-1 inhibitor (olaparib) protected retinal precursor cells from H2 O2 -induced death, while a pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) failed to protect R28 cells. Olaparib also alleviated H2 O2 -induced MAM dysregulation, as evidenced by decreased VDAC1/ITPR3 interactions and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse. Additionally, olaparib also inhibited H2 O2 -induced autophagy. Inhibiting autophagic flux increased MAM signaling under both normal and oxidative conditions. Furthermore, H2 O2 treatment caused a reduction in the protein level of mitofusin-2 (MFN2) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mfn2 knockdown was found to further magnify MAM dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction under normal and oxidative conditions. Mfn2 overexpression surprisingly enhanced H2 O2 -induced MAM signaling and failed to rescue H2 O2 -induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These results indicate that MAMs probably serve as a membrane source for oxidative stress-associated autophagy. MAM dysregulation also contributed to H2 O2 -induced PARP-1-dependent cell death. However, more studies are required to decipher the link between the modulation of Mfn2 expression, changes in MAM integrity, and alterations in mitochondrial performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youjia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Klocke B, Krone K, Tornes J, Moore C, Ott H, Pitychoutis PM. Insights into the role of intracellular calcium signaling in the neurobiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1093099. [PMID: 36875674 PMCID: PMC9975342 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1093099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) comprises a critical ionic second messenger in the central nervous system that is under the control of a wide array of regulatory mechanisms, including organellar Ca2+ stores, membrane channels and pumps, and intracellular Ca2+-binding proteins. Not surprisingly, disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, aberrations in Ca2+ homeostasis have also been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders with a strong neurodevelopmental component including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). While plasma membrane Ca2+ channels and synaptic Ca2+-binding proteins have been extensively studied, increasing evidence suggests a prominent role for intracellular Ca2+ stores, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in aberrant neurodevelopment. In the context of the current mini-review, we discuss recent findings implicating critical intracellular Ca2+-handling regulators such as the sarco-ER Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2), ryanodine receptors (RyRs), inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), and parvalbumin (PVALB), in the emergence of ASD, SCZ, and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klocke
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Kylie Krone
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jason Tornes
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Carter Moore
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Hayden Ott
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
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10
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Ni P, Ma Y, Chung S. Mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric disorders. Schizophr Res 2022:S0920-9964(22)00333-4. [PMID: 36175250 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are a heterogeneous group of mental disorders with abnormal mental or behavioral patterns, which severely distress or disable affected individuals and can have a grave socioeconomic burden. Growing evidence indicates that mitochondrial function plays an important role in developing psychiatric disorders. This review discusses the neuropsychiatric consequences of mitochondrial abnormalities in both animal models and patients. We also discuss recent studies associated with compromised mitochondrial function in various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MD), and bipolar disorders (BD). These studies employ various approaches including postmortem studies, imaging studies, genetic studies, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) studies. We also summarize the evidence from animal models and clinical trials to support mitochondrial function as a potential therapeutic target to treat various psychiatric disorders. This review will contribute to furthering our understanding of the metabolic etiology of various psychiatric disorders, and help guide the development of optimal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Ni
- The Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Ma
- The Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Sangmi Chung
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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11
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Das R, Das S, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti O. CMT2A-linked mitochondrial hyperfusion-driving mutant MFN2 perturbs ER-mitochondrial associations and Ca 2+ homeostasis. Biol Cell 2022; 114:309-319. [PMID: 35924634 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitofusin2 (MFN2), an important molecular player that regulates mitochondrial fusion, also helps maintain the inter-organellar contact sites, referred as mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) that exist between the ER and mitochondria. Here we show that a mutant of MFN2, R364W-MFN2, linked with the Charcot Marie Tooth disease, promotes mitochondrial hyperfusion, alters ER mitochondrial associations at the MAM junctions and perturbs inter-organellar calcium homeostasis. Such hyperfused mitochondria are also predisposed towards stress and undergo rapid fission upon induction of mild stress. Thus, here we report that presence of the R364W-MFN2 mutation makes cells susceptible towards stress, thus negatively affecting cellular health. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Das
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.,Homi Bhabha, National Institute
| | - Subhrangshu Das
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN 6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, CN 6, Sector V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700064, India.,Homi Bhabha, National Institute
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12
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Li C, Pan Y, Tan Y, Wang Y, Sun X. PINK1-Dependent Mitophagy Reduced Endothelial Hyperpermeability and Cell Migration Capacity Under Simulated Microgravity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:896014. [PMID: 35874841 PMCID: PMC9300855 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.896014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of cardiovascular dysfunction including orthostatic intolerance and disability on physical exercise is one of the health problems induced by long-term spaceflight astronauts face. As an important part of vascular structure, the vascular endothelium, uniquely sensitive to mechanical force, plays a pivotal role in coordinating vascular functions. Our study found that simulated microgravity induced PINK1-dependent mitophagy in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Here, we explored the underlying mechanism of mitophagy induction. The ER stress induced by proteostasis failure in HUVECs promoted the Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria, resulting in mitochondria Ca2+ overload, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondria fission, and accumulation of Parkin and p62 in mitochondria and mitophagy under simulated microgravity. Moreover, we assumed that mitophagy played a vital role in functional changes in endothelial cells under simulated microgravity. Using mdivi-1 and PINK1 knockdown, we found that NLRP3 inflammasome activation was enhanced after mitophagy was inhibited. The NLRP3 inflammasome contributed to endothelial hyperpermeability and cellular migration by releasing IL-1β. Thus, mitophagy inhibited cell migration ability and hyperpermeability in HUVECs exposed to clinostat-simulated microgravity. Collectively, we here clarify the mechanism of mitophagy induction by simulated microgravity in vitro and demonstrate the relationship between mitophagy and vascular endothelial functional changes including cellular migration and permeability. This study deepens the understanding of vascular functional changes under microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Li
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yikai Pan
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yingjun Tan
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Sun, , Yongchun Wang,
| | - Xiqing Sun
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiqing Sun, , Yongchun Wang,
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13
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Lee D, Woo Y, Lim JS, Park I, Park SK, Park JW. Quantification of a Neurological Protein in a Single Cell Without Amplification. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20165-20171. [PMID: 35722002 PMCID: PMC9201896 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are key biomolecules that not only play various roles in the living body but also are used as biomarkers. If these proteins can be quantified at the level of a single cell, understanding the role of proteins will be deepened and diagnosing diseases and abnormality will be further upgraded. In this study, we quantified a neurological protein in a single cell using atomic force microscopy (AFM). After capturing specifically disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) in a single cell onto a microspot immobilizing the corresponding antibody on the surface, force mapping with AFM was followed to visualize individual DISC1. Although a large variation of the number of DISC1 in a cell was observed, the average number is 4.38 × 103, and the number agrees with the ensemble-averaged value. The current AFM approach for the quantitative analysis of proteins in a single cell should be useful to study molecular behavior of proteins in depth and to follow physiological change of individual cells in response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggyu Lee
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-seon Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro,
Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikbum Park
- Analysis
and Assessment Research Center, Research
Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 67 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department
of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Won Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro,
Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute
of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
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14
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Kushnareva Y, Moraes V, Suess J, Peters B, Newmeyer DD, Kuwana T. Disruption of mitochondrial quality control genes promotes caspase-resistant cell survival following apoptotic stimuli. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101835. [PMID: 35304098 PMCID: PMC9018395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In cells undergoing cell-intrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) typically marks an irreversible step in the cell death process. However, in some cases, a subpopulation of treated cells can exhibit a sublethal response, termed "minority MOMP." In this phenomenon, the affected cells survive, despite a low level of caspase activation and subsequent limited activation of the endonuclease caspase-activated DNase (DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta). Consequently, these cells can experience DNA damage, increasing the probability of oncogenesis. However, little is known about the minority MOMP response. To discover genes that affect the MOMP response in individual cells, we conducted an imaging-based phenotypic siRNA screen. We identified multiple candidate genes whose downregulation increased the heterogeneity of MOMP within single cells, among which were genes related to mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy that participate in the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system. Furthermore, to test the hypothesis that functional MQC is important for reducing the frequency of minority MOMP, we developed an assay to measure the clonogenic survival of caspase-engaged cells. We found that cells deficient in various MQC genes were indeed prone to aberrant post-MOMP survival. Our data highlight the important role of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in preventing apoptotic dysregulation and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kushnareva
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Vivian Moraes
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julian Suess
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Donald D Newmeyer
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tomomi Kuwana
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
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15
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Yi SY, Barnett BR, Poetzel MJ, Stowe NA, Yu JPJ. Clinical translational neuroimaging of the antioxidant effect of N-acetylcysteine on neural microstructure. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:820-836. [PMID: 34590731 PMCID: PMC8627450 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress and downstream effectors have emerged as important pathological processes that drive psychiatric illness, suggesting that antioxidants may have a therapeutic role in psychiatric disease. However, no imaging biomarkers are currently available to track therapeutic response. The purpose of this study was to examine whether advanced DWI techniques are able to sensitively detect the potential therapeutic effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a Disc1 svΔ2 preclinical rat model of psychiatric illness. METHODS Male and female Disc1 svΔ2 rats and age-matched, sex-matched Sprague-Dawley wild-type controls were treated with a saline vehicle or NAC before ex vivo MRI acquisition at P50. Imaging data were fit to DTI and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging models and analyzed for region-specific changes in quantitative diffusion metrics. Brains were further processed for cellular quantification of microglial density and morphology. All experiments were repeated for Disc1 svΔ2 rats exposed to chronic early-life stress to test how gene-environment interactions might alter effectiveness of NAC therapy. RESULTS The DTI and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging analyses demonstrated amelioration of early-life, sex-specific neural microstructural deficits with concomitant differences in microglial morphology across multiple brain regions relevant to neuropsychiatric illness with NAC treatment, but only in male Disc1 svΔ2 rats. Addition of chronic early-life stress reduced the ability of NAC to restore microstructural deficits. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence for a treatment pathway targeting endogenous antioxidant capacity, and the clinical translational utility of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging microstructural imaging to sensitively detect microstructural alterations resulting from antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Y. Yi
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brian R. Barnett
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - McKenzie J. Poetzel
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Stowe
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John-Paul J. Yu
- Neuroscience Training Program, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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16
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Markovinovic A, Greig J, Martín-Guerrero SM, Salam S, Paillusson S. Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria signaling in neurons and neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274270. [PMID: 35129196 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have revealed common pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with related frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). Many of these changes can be linked to alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria signaling, including dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling, autophagy, lipid metabolism, ATP production, axonal transport, ER stress responses and synaptic dysfunction. ER-mitochondria signaling involves specialized regions of ER, called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Owing to their role in neurodegenerative processes, MAMs have gained attention as they appear to be associated with all the major neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, their specific role within neuronal maintenance is being revealed as mutant genes linked to major neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with damage to these specialized contacts. Several studies have now demonstrated that these specialized contacts regulate neuronal health and synaptic transmission, and that MAMs are damaged in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. This Review will focus on the role of MAMs and ER-mitochondria signaling within neurons and how damage of the ER-mitochondria axis leads to a disruption of vital processes causing eventual neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Jenny Greig
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra María Martín-Guerrero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Shaakir Salam
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Sebastien Paillusson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035, Nantes, France
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17
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Mutations in DISC1 alter IP 3R and voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel functioning, implications for major mental illness. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20180122. [PMID: 34956649 PMCID: PMC8663806 DOI: 10.1042/ns20180122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) participates in a wide variety of
developmental processes of central neurons. It also serves critical roles that
underlie cognitive functioning in adult central neurons. Here we summarize
DISC1’s general properties and discuss its use as a model system for
understanding major mental illnesses (MMIs). We then discuss the cellular
actions of DISC1 that involve or regulate Ca2+ signaling in adult
central neurons. In particular, we focus on the tethering role DISC1 plays in
transporting RNA particles containing Ca2+ channel subunit RNAs,
including IP3R1, CACNA1C and CACNA2D1, and in transporting mitochondria into
dendritic and axonal processes. We also review DISC1’s role in modulating
IP3R1 activity within mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM).
Finally, we discuss DISC1-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)
signaling that regulates functional expression of voltage-gated Ca2+
channels (VGCCs) at central synapses. In each case, DISC1 regulates the movement
of molecules that impact Ca2+ signaling in neurons.
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18
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Communications between Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092195. [PMID: 34571844 PMCID: PMC8468463 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria associated membranes (MAM), which are the contact sites between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, have emerged as an important hub for signaling molecules to integrate the cellular and organelle homeostasis, thus facilitating the adaptation of energy metabolism to nutrient status. This review explores the dynamic structural and functional features of the MAM and summarizes the various abnormalities leading to the impaired insulin sensitivity and metabolic diseases.
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19
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Casellas-Díaz S, Larramona-Arcas R, Riqué-Pujol G, Tena-Morraja P, Müller-Sánchez C, Segarra-Mondejar M, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Villarroya F, Reina M, Martínez-Estrada OM, Soriano FX. Mfn2 localization in the ER is necessary for its bioenergetic function and neuritic development. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51954. [PMID: 34296790 PMCID: PMC8419703 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mfn2 is a mitochondrial fusion protein with bioenergetic functions implicated in the pathophysiology of neuronal and metabolic disorders. Understanding the bioenergetic mechanism of Mfn2 may aid in designing therapeutic approaches for these disorders. Here we show using endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or mitochondria‐targeted Mfn2 that Mfn2 stimulation of the mitochondrial metabolism requires its localization in the ER, which is independent of its fusion function. ER‐located Mfn2 interacts with mitochondrial Mfn1/2 to tether the ER and mitochondria together, allowing Ca2+ transfer from the ER to mitochondria to enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics. The physiological relevance of these findings is shown during neurite outgrowth, when there is an increase in Mfn2‐dependent ER‐mitochondria contact that is necessary for correct neuronal arbor growth. Reduced neuritic growth in Mfn2 KO neurons is recovered by the expression of ER‐targeted Mfn2 or an artificial ER‐mitochondria tether, indicating that manipulation of ER‐mitochondria contacts could be used to treat pathologic conditions involving Mfn2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Casellas-Díaz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Larramona-Arcas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Riqué-Pujol
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Tena-Morraja
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Müller-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Segarra-Mondejar
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Reina
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ofelia M Martínez-Estrada
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc X Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Celltec-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Yang M, Li C, Sun L. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs): A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1347-1362. [PMID: 32048952 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200212100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Membranes (MAMs) are the cellular structures that connect the ER and mitochondria and mediate communication between these two organelles. MAMs have been demonstrated to be involved in calcium signaling, lipid transfer, mitochondrial dynamic change, mitophagy, and the ER stress response. In addition, MAMs are critical for metabolic regulation, and their dysfunction has been reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome, including the downregulation of insulin signaling and the accelerated progression of hyperlipidemia, obesity, and hypertension. This review covers the roles of MAMs in regulating insulin sensitivity and the molecular mechanism underlying MAM-regulated cellular metabolism and reveals the potential of MAMs as a therapeutic target in treating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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21
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Gong Y, Lin J, Ma Z, Yu M, Wang M, Lai D, Fu G. Mitochondria-associated membrane-modulated Ca 2+ transfer: A potential treatment target in cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury and heart failure. Life Sci 2021; 278:119511. [PMID: 33864818 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective Ca2+ dependent mitochondrial energy supply is imperative for proper cardiac contractile activity, while disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis participates in the pathogenesis of multiple human diseases. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) and heart failure, both of which require strict clinical intervention. The interface between endoplasmic reticula (ER) and mitochondria, designated the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), is now regarded as a crucial mediator of Ca2+ transportation. Thus, interventions targeting this physical and functional coupling between mitochondria and the ER are highly desirable. Increasing evidence supports the notion that restoration, and maintenance, of the physiological contact between these two organelles can improve mitochondrial function, while inhibiting cell death, thereby sufficiently ameliorating I/R injury and heart failure development. A better understanding regarding the underlying mechanism of MAM-mediated transport will pave the way for identification of novel treatment approaches for heart disease. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the crucial functions and potential mechanisms of MAMs in the pathogenesis of I/R and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zetao Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meihui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Dongwu Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China.
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22
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Kumar V, Maity S. ER Stress-Sensor Proteins and ER-Mitochondrial Crosstalk-Signaling Beyond (ER) Stress Response. Biomolecules 2021; 11:173. [PMID: 33525374 PMCID: PMC7911976 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies undoubtedly show the importance of inter organellar connections to maintain cellular homeostasis. In normal physiological conditions or in the presence of cellular and environmental stress, each organelle responds alone or in coordination to maintain cellular function. The Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are two important organelles with very specialized structural and functional properties. These two organelles are physically connected through very specialized proteins in the region called the mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM). The molecular foundation of this relationship is complex and involves not only ion homeostasis through the shuttling of calcium but also many structural and apoptotic proteins. IRE1alpha and PERK are known for their canonical function as an ER stress sensor controlling unfolded protein response during ER stress. The presence of these transmembrane proteins at the MAM indicates its potential involvement in other biological functions beyond ER stress signaling. Many recent studies have now focused on the non-canonical function of these sensors. In this review, we will focus on ER mitochondrial interdependence with special emphasis on the non-canonical role of ER stress sensors beyond ER stress.
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23
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Suh BK, Lee SA, Park C, Suh Y, Kim SJ, Woo Y, Nhung TTM, Lee SB, Mun DJ, Goo BS, Choi HS, Kim SJ, Park SK. Schizophrenia-associated dysbindin modulates axonal mitochondrial movement in cooperation with p150 glued. Mol Brain 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 33461576 PMCID: PMC7814725 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial movement in neurons is finely regulated to meet the local demand for energy and calcium buffering. Elaborate transport machinery including motor complexes is required to deliver and localize mitochondria to appropriate positions. Defects in mitochondrial transport are associated with various neurological disorders without a detailed mechanistic information. In this study, we present evidence that dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (dysbindin), a schizophrenia-associated factor, plays a critical role in axonal mitochondrial movement. We observed that mitochondrial movement was impaired in dysbindin knockout mouse neurons. Reduced mitochondrial motility caused by dysbindin deficiency decreased the density of mitochondria in the distal part of axons. Moreover, the transport and distribution of mitochondria were regulated by the association between dysbindin and p150glued. Furthermore, altered mitochondrial distribution in axons led to disrupted calcium dynamics, showing abnormal calcium influx in presynaptic terminals. These data collectively suggest that dysbindin forms a functional complex with p150glued that regulates axonal mitochondrial transport, thereby affecting presynaptic calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Ae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Cana Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Weill Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seong Goo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Giménez-Palomo A, Dodd S, Anmella G, Carvalho AF, Scaini G, Quevedo J, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E, Berk M. The Role of Mitochondria in Mood Disorders: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and to Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:546801. [PMID: 34295268 PMCID: PMC8291901 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.546801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles involved in several biological processes, especially in energy production. Several studies have found a relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Impairments in energy production are found in these disorders together with higher levels of oxidative stress. Recently, many agents capable of enhancing antioxidant defenses or mitochondrial functioning have been studied for the treatment of mood disorders as adjuvant therapy to current pharmacological treatments. A better knowledge of mitochondrial physiology and pathophysiology might allow the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development and study of novel effective therapies to treat these specific mitochondrial impairments. This could be especially beneficial for treatment-resistant patients. In this article, we provide a focused narrative review of the currently available evidence supporting the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in mood disorders, the effects of current therapies on mitochondrial functions, and novel targeted therapies acting on mitochondrial pathways that might be useful for the treatment of mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giménez-Palomo
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.,Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil.,Center of Excellence in Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressives Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Mental Health Research Networking Center (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Berk
- School of Medicine, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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25
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Lin S, Meng T, Huang H, Zhuang H, He Z, Yang H, Feng D. Molecular machineries and physiological relevance of ER-mediated membrane contacts. Theranostics 2021; 11:974-995. [PMID: 33391516 PMCID: PMC7738843 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are defined as regions where two organelles are closely apposed, and most MCSs associated with each other via protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. A number of key molecular machinery systems participate in mediating substance exchange and signal transduction, both of which are essential processes in terms of cellular physiology and pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest reticulum network within the cell and has extensive communication with other cellular organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM), mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes and lipid droplets (LDs). The contacts and reactions between them are largely mediated by various protein tethers and lipids. Ions, lipids and even proteins can be transported between the ER and neighboring organelles or recruited to the contact site to exert their functions. This review focuses on the key molecules involved in the formation of different contact sites as well as their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Lin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haofeng Huang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengjie He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410021, China
| | - Du Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Roberts RC. Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: With a focus on postmortem studies. Mitochondrion 2021; 56:91-101. [PMID: 33221354 PMCID: PMC7810242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the many brain abnormalities in schizophrenia are those related to mitochondrial functions such as oxidative stress, energy metabolism and synaptic efficacy. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of mitochondrial structure and function and then to present abnormalities in mitochondria in postmortem brain in schizophrenia with a focus on anatomy. Deficits in expression of various mitochondrial genes have been found in multiple schizophrenia cohorts. Decreased activity of complexes I and IV are prominent as well as abnormal levels of individual subunits that comprise the complexes of the electron transport chain. Ultrastructural studies have shown layer, input and cell specific decreases in mitochondria. In cortex, there are fewer mitochondria in axon terminals, neuronal somata of pyramidal neurons and oligodendrocytes in both grey and white matter. In the caudate and putamen mitochondrial number is linked with symptoms and symptom severity. While there is a decrease in the number of mitochondria in astrocytes, mitochondria are smaller in oligodendrocytes. In the nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra, mitochondria are similar in density, size and structural integrity in schizophrenia compared to controls. Mitochondrial production of ATP and calcium buffering are essential in maintaining synaptic strength and abnormalities in these processes could lead to decreased metabolism and defective synaptic activity. Abnormalities in mitochondria in oligodendrocytes might contribute to myelin pathology and underlie dysconnectivity in the brain. In schizophrenia, mitochondria are affected differentially depending on the brain region, cell type in which they reside, subcellular location, treatment status, treatment response and predominant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda C Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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27
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Ren L, Chen X, Chen X, Li J, Cheng B, Xia J. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Fission and Fusion in Fate Determination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580070. [PMID: 33178694 PMCID: PMC7593605 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pivotal to tissue homeostasis, repair, and regeneration due to their potential for self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and immune modulation. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that maintain their morphology via continuous fission and fusion, also known as mitochondrial dynamics. MSCs undergo specific mitochondrial dynamics during proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, or aging. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics are key contributors to stem cell fate determination. The coordination of mitochondrial fission and fusion is crucial for cellular function and stress responses, while abnormal fission and/or fusion causes MSC dysfunction. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in MSC commitment under physiological and stress conditions. We highlight mechanistic insights into modulating mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial strategies for stem cell-based regenerative medicine. These findings shed light on the contribution of mitochondrial dynamics to MSC fate and MSC-based tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Shevelkin AV, Terrillion CE, Hasegawa Y, Mychko OA, Jouroukhin Y, Sawa A, Kamiya A, Pletnikov MV. Astrocyte DISC1 contributes to cognitive function in a brain region-dependent manner. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2936-2950. [PMID: 32803234 PMCID: PMC8248941 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the contribution of genetic risk factors to neuropsychiatric diseases is limited to abnormal neurodevelopment and neuronal dysfunction. Much less is known about the mechanisms whereby risk variants could affect the physiology of glial cells. Our prior studies have shown that a mutant (dominant-negative) form of a rare but highly penetrant psychiatric risk factor, Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), impairs metabolic functions of astrocytes and leads to cognitive dysfunction. In order to overcome the limitations of the mutant DISC1 model and understand the putative regional properties of astrocyte DISC1, we assessed whether knockdown of Disc1 (Disc1-KD) in mature mouse astrocytes of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or the hippocampus would produce behavioral abnormalities that could be attributed to astrocyte bioenergetics. We found that Disc1-KD in the hippocampus but not PFC impaired trace fear conditioning in adult mice. Using the innovative deep learning approach and convolutional deep neural networks (cDNNs), ResNet50 or ResNet18, and single cell-based analysis, we found that Disc1-KD decreased the spatial density of astrocytes associated with abnormal levels and distribution of the mitochondrial markers and the glutamate transporter, GLAST. Disc1-KD in astrocytes also led to decreased expression of the glutamatergic and increased expression of the GABA-ergic synaptic markers, possibly via non-apoptotic activation of caspase 3 in neurons located within the individual territories of Disc1-KD astrocytes. Our results indicate that altered expression of DISC1 in astrocytes could impair astrocyte bioenergetics, leading to abnormalities in synaptic neurotransmission and cognitive function in a region-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience
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29
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Gao P, Yang W, Sun L. Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes (MAMs) and Their Prospective Roles in Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3120539. [PMID: 32952849 PMCID: PMC7487091 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) serve as essential hubs for interorganelle communication in eukaryotic cells and play multifunctional roles in various biological pathways. A defect in ER-mitochondria signaling or MAMs dysfunction has pleiotropic effects on a variety of intracellular events, which results in disturbances of the mitochondrial quality control system, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, apoptosis, ER stress, and inflammasome activation, which all contribute to the onset and progression of kidney disease. Here, we review the structure and molecular compositions of MAMs as well as the experimental methods used to study these interorganellar contact sites. We will specifically summarize the downstream signaling pathways regulated by MAMs, mainly focusing on mitochondrial quality control, oxidative stress, ER-mitochondria Ca2+ crosstalk, apoptosis, inflammasome activation, and ER stress. Finally, we will discuss how alterations in MAMs integrity contribute to the pathogenesis of kidney disease and offer directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wenxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease & Blood Purification, in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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30
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Bryll A, Krzyściak W, Karcz P, Śmierciak N, Kozicz T, Skrzypek J, Szwajca M, Pilecki M, Popiela TJ. The Relationship between the Level of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Metabolites, Brain-Periphery Redox Imbalance, and the Clinical State of Patients with Schizophrenia and Personality Disorders. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1272. [PMID: 32899276 PMCID: PMC7565827 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder whose course varies with periods of deterioration and symptomatic improvement without diagnosis and treatment specific for the disease. So far, it has not been possible to clearly define what kinds of functional and structural changes are responsible for the onset or recurrence of acute psychotic decompensation in the course of schizophrenia, and to what extent personality disorders may precede the appearance of the appropriate symptoms. The work combines magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging with clinical evaluation and laboratory tests to determine the likely pathway of schizophrenia development by identifying peripheral cerebral biomarkers compared to personality disorders. The relationship between the level of metabolites in the brain, the clinical status of patients according to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision ICD-10, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and biochemical indices related to redox balance (malondialdehyde), the efficiency of antioxidant systems (FRAP), and bioenergetic metabolism of mitochondria, were investigated. There was a reduction in the level of brain N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate in the anterior cingulate gyrus of patients with schisophrenia compared to the other groups that seems more to reflect a biological etiopathological factor of psychosis. Decreased activity of brain metabolites correlated with increased peripheral oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde MDA) associated with decreased efficiency of antioxidant systems (FRAP) and the breakdown of clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia in the course of psychotic decompensation compared to other groups. The period of untreated psychosis correlated negatively with glucose value in the brain of people with schizophrenia, and positively with choline level. The demonstrated differences between two psychiatric units, such as schizophrenia and personality disorders in relation to healthy people, may be used to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of schizophrenia compared to other heterogenous psychopathology in the future. The collapse of clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia in the course of psychotic decompensation may be associated with the occurrence of specific schizotypes, the determination of which is possible by determining common relationships between changes in metabolic activity of particular brain structures and peripheral parameters, which may be an important biological etiopathological factor of psychosis. Markers of peripheral redox imbalance associated with disturbed bioenergy metabolism in the brain may provide specific biological factors of psychosis however, they need to be confirmed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Bryll
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Karcz
- Department of Electroradiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Michałowskiego 12, 31-126 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Natalia Śmierciak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Justyna Skrzypek
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Marta Szwajca
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Maciej Pilecki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (N.Ś.); (M.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Tadeusz J. Popiela
- Department of Radiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 19, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
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31
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Lai L, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhang N, Cao S, Zhang X, Wu D. Role of endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1α in H9C2 cardiomyocytes following hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1420-1428. [PMID: 32626998 PMCID: PMC7339728 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidase 1α (ERO1α) is a glycosylated flavoenzyme that is located on the luminal side of the ER membrane, which serves an important role in catalyzing the formation of protein disulfide bonds and ER redox homeostasis. However, the role of ERO1α in myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury remains largely unknown. In the present study, ERO1α expression levels in H9C2 cardiomyocytes increased following H/R, reaching their highest levels following 3 h of hypoxia and 6 h of reoxygenation. In addition, H/R induced apoptosis, and significantly increased expression levels of ER stress (ERS) markers 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein and C/EBP homologous protein. Moreover, the genetic knockdown of ERO1α using short hairpin RNA suppressed cell apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, expression levels of cleaved caspase-12 and cytochrome c in the cytoplasm. Overall, this suggested that ERO1α knockdown may protect against H/R injury. The ERS activator tunicamycin (TM) was used to counteract the ERO1α-induced reduction in ERS; however, the percentage of apoptotic cells and the level of mitochondrial damage did not change. In conclusion, the results from the present study suggested that ERO1α knockdown may protect H9C2 cardiomyocytes from H/R injury through inhibiting intracellular ROS production and increasing intracellular levels of Ca2+, suggesting that ERO1α may serve an important role in H/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Shilu Cao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Kwak C, Shin S, Park JS, Jung M, Nhung TTM, Kang MG, Lee C, Kwon TH, Park SK, Mun JY, Kim JS, Rhee HW. Contact-ID, a tool for profiling organelle contact sites, reveals regulatory proteins of mitochondrial-associated membrane formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12109-12120. [PMID: 32414919 PMCID: PMC7275737 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916584117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) has emerged as a cellular signaling hub regulating various cellular processes. However, its molecular components remain unclear owing to lack of reliable methods to purify the intact MAM proteome in a physiological context. Here, we introduce Contact-ID, a split-pair system of BioID with strong activity, for identification of the MAM proteome in live cells. Contact-ID specifically labeled proteins proximal to the contact sites of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and thereby identified 115 MAM-specific proteins. The identified MAM proteins were largely annotated with the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and ER membrane proteins with MAM-related functions: e.g., FKBP8, an OMM protein, facilitated MAM formation and local calcium transport at the MAM. Furthermore, the definitive identification of biotinylation sites revealed membrane topologies of 85 integral membrane proteins. Contact-ID revealed regulatory proteins for MAM formation and could be reliably utilized to profile the proteome at any organelle-membrane contact sites in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulhwan Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 41062 Daegu, Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, Korea
| | - Myeong-Gyun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Korea
| | - Chaiheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919 Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 37673 Pohang, Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, 41062 Daegu, Korea;
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Center for RNA Research, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Rhee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea;
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 08826 Seoul, Korea
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Anderson G, Maes M. Gut Dysbiosis Dysregulates Central and Systemic Homeostasis via Suboptimal Mitochondrial Function: Assessment, Treatment and Classification Implications. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:524-539. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200131094445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
:
The gut and mitochondria have emerged as two important hubs at the cutting edge of research
across a diverse array of medical conditions, including most psychiatric conditions. This article highlights
the interaction of the gut and mitochondria over the course of development, with an emphasis on
the consequences for transdiagnostic processes across psychiatry, but with relevance to wider medical
conditions. As well as raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) arising from increased gut
permeability, the loss of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, is an important mediator of how gut dysbiosis
modulates mitochondrial function. Reactive cells, central glia and systemic immune cells are also
modulated by the gut, in part via impacts on mitochondrial function in these cells. Gut-driven alterations
in the activity of reactive cells over the course of development are proposed to be an important determinant
of the transdiagnostic influence of glia and the immune system. Stress, including prenatal stress,
also acts via the gut. The suppression of butyrate, coupled to raised LPS, drives oxidative and nitrosative
stress signalling that culminates in the activation of acidic sphingomyelinase-induced ceramide. Raised
ceramide levels negatively regulate mitochondrial function, both directly and via its negative impact on
daytime, arousal-promoting orexin and night-time sleep-promoting pineal gland-derived melatonin.
Both orexin and melatonin positively regulate mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently,
gut-mediated increases in ceramide have impacts on the circadian rhythm and the circadian regulation of
mitochondrial function. Butyrate, orexin and melatonin can positively regulate mitochondria via the disinhibition
of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to increased conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-
CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a necessary co-substrate for the initiation of the melatonergic pathway in mitochondria
and therefore the beneficial effects of mitochondria melatonin synthesis on mitochondrial function.
This has a number of treatment implications across psychiatric and wider medical conditions, including
the utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin.
:
Overall, gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability have significant impacts on central and systemic
homeostasis via the regulation of mitochondrial function, especially in central glia and systemic immune
cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Resende R, Fernandes T, Pereira AC, De Pascale J, Marques AP, Oliveira P, Morais S, Santos V, Madeira N, Pereira CF, Moreira PI. Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and innate immune dysfunction in mood disorders: Do Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs) play a role? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165752. [PMID: 32119897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mood disorders like major depression and bipolar disorder (BD) are among the most prevalent forms of mental illness. Current knowledge of the neurobiology and pathophysiology of these disorders is still modest and clear biological markers are still missing. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms to identify potential therapeutic targets is a prerequisite for the design of new drugs as well as to develop biomarkers that help in a more accurate and earlier diagnosis. Multiple pieces of evidence including genetic and neuro-imaging studies suggest that mood disorders are associated with abnormalities in endoplasmic-reticulum (ER)-related stress responses, mitochondrial function and calcium signalling. Furthermore, deregulation of the innate immune response has been described in patients diagnosed with mood disorders, including depression and BD. These disease-related events are associated with functions localized to a subdomain of the ER, known as Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs), which are lipid rafts-like domains that connect mitochondria and ER, both physically and biochemically. This review will outline the current understanding of the role of mitochondria and ER dysfunction under pathological brain conditions, particularly in major depressive disorder (MDD) and BD, that support the hypothesis that MAMs can act in these mood disorders as the link connecting ER-related stress response and mitochondrial impairment, as well as a mechanisms behind sterile inflammation arising from deregulation of innate immune responses. The role of MAMs in the pathophysiology of these pathologies and its potential relevance as a potential therapeutic target will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Resende
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - T Fernandes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J De Pascale
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A P Marques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Oliveira
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Morais
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Madeira
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C F Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P I Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cellular Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Chan RF, Shabalin AA, Montano C, Hannon E, Hultman CM, Fallin MD, Feinberg AP, Mill J, van den Oord EJCG, Aberg KA. Independent Methylome-Wide Association Studies of Schizophrenia Detect Consistent Case-Control Differences. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:319-327. [PMID: 31165892 PMCID: PMC7442362 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Methylome-wide association studies (MWASs) are promising complements to sequence variation studies. We used existing sequencing-based methylation data, which assayed the majority of all 28 million CpGs in the human genome, to perform an MWAS for schizophrenia in blood, while controlling for cell-type heterogeneity with a recently generated platform-specific reference panel. Next, we compared the MWAS results with findings from 3 existing large-scale array-based schizophrenia methylation studies in blood that assayed up to ~450 000 CpGs. Our MWAS identified 22 highly significant loci (P < 5 × 10-8) and 852 suggestively significant loci (P < 1 × 10-5). The top finding (P = 5.62 × 10-11, q = 0.001) was located in MFN2, which encodes mitofusin-2 that regulates Ca2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria in cooperation with DISC1. The second-most significant site (P = 1.38 × 10-9, q = 0.013) was located in ALDH1A2, which encodes an enzyme for astrocyte-derived retinoic acid-a key neuronal morphogen with relevance for schizophrenia. Although the most significant MWAS findings were not assayed on the arrays, we observed significant enrichment of overlapping findings with 2 of the 3 array datasets (P = 0.0315, 0.0045, 0.1946). Overrepresentation analysis of Gene Ontology terms for the genes in the significant overlaps suggested high similarity in the biological functions detected by the different datasets. Top terms were related to immune and/or stress responses, cell adhesion and motility, and a broad range of processes essential for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F Chan
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | | | - Eilis Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Christina M Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret D Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew P Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Edwin J C G van den Oord
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Karolina A Aberg
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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36
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Abstract
Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function, mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our understanding of the role of mitochondria in cell biology recently expanded when we recognized that they are key platforms for a plethora of cell signalling cascades. This functional versatility is tightly coupled to constant reshaping of the cellular mitochondrial network in a series of processes, collectively referred to as mitochondrial membrane dynamics and involving organelle fusion and fission (division) as well as ultrastructural remodelling of the membrane. Accordingly, mitochondrial dynamics influence and often orchestrate not only metabolism but also complex cell signalling events, such as those involved in regulating cell pluripotency, division, differentiation, senescence and death. Reciprocally, mitochondrial membrane dynamics are extensively regulated by post-translational modifications of its machinery and by the formation of membrane contact sites between mitochondria and other organelles, both of which have the capacity to integrate inputs from various pathways. Here, we discuss mitochondrial membrane dynamics and their regulation and describe how bioenergetics and cellular signalling are linked to these dynamic changes of mitochondrial morphology.
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37
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Energization by multiple substrates and calcium challenge reveal dysfunctions in brain mitochondria in a model related to acute psychosis. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2019; 52:1-15. [PMID: 31853754 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-019-09816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia etiology is unknown, nevertheless imbalances occurring in an acute psychotic episode are important to its development, such as alterations in cellular energetic state, REDOX homeostasis and intracellular Ca2+ management, all of which are controlled primarily by mitochondria. However, mitochondrial function was always evaluated singularly, in the presence of specific respiratory substrates, without considering the plurality of the electron transport system. In this study, mitochondrial function was analyzed under conditions of isolated or multiple respiratory substrates using brain mitochondria isolated from MK-801-exposed mice. Results showed a high H2O2 production in the presence of pyruvate/malate, with no change in oxygen consumption. In the condition of multiple substrates, however, this effect is lost. The analysis of Ca2+ retention capacity revealed a significant change in the uptake kinetics of this ion by mitochondria in MK-801-exposed animals. Futhermore, when mitochondria were exposed to calcium, a total loss of oxidative phosphorylation and an impressive increase in H2O2 production were observed in the condition of multiple substrates. There was no alteration in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes analyzed. The data demonstrate for the first time, in an animal model of psychosis, two important aspects (1) mitochondria may compensate deficiencies in a single mitochondrial complex when they oxidize several substrates simultaneously, (2) Ca2+ handling is compromised in MK-801-exposed mice, resulting in a loss of phosphorylative capacity and an increase in H2O2 production. These data favor the hypothesis that disruption of key physiological roles of mitochondria may be a trigger in acute psychosis and, consequently, schizophrenia.
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38
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Snezhkina AV, Lukyanova EN, Fedorova MS, Kalinin DV, Melnikova NV, Stepanov OA, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Pudova EA, Kudryavtseva AV. Novel Genes Associated with the Development of Carotid Paragangliomas. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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39
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Kim Y, Vadodaria KC, Lenkei Z, Kato T, Gage FH, Marchetto MC, Santos R. Mitochondria, Metabolism, and Redox Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:275-317. [PMID: 30585734 PMCID: PMC6602118 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Our current knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms causing psychiatric disorders is modest, but genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are central to the etiology of these conditions. Autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder show genetic gene risk overlap and share symptoms and metabolic comorbidities. The identification of such common features may provide insights into the development of these disorders. Recent Advances: Multiple pieces of evidence suggest that brain energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions and redox balance are impaired to various degrees in psychiatric disorders. Since mitochondrial metabolism and redox signaling can integrate genetic and environmental environmental factors affecting the brain, it is possible that they are implicated in the etiology and progression of psychiatric disorders. Critical Issue: Evidence for direct links between cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and disease features are missing. Future Directions: A better understanding of the mitochondrial biology and its intracellular connections to the nuclear genome, the endoplasmic reticulum and signaling pathways, as well as its role in intercellular communication in the organism, is still needed. This review focuses on the findings that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, the resultant metabolic changes and oxidative stress as important etiological factors in the context of psychiatric disorders. We also propose a model where specific pathophysiologies of psychiatric disorders depend on circuit-specific impairments of mitochondrial dysfunction and redox signaling at specific developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeni Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Krishna C. Vadodaria
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Zsolt Lenkei
- Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
| | - Fred H. Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Maria C. Marchetto
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Renata Santos
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
- Laboratory of Dynamic of Neuronal Structure in Health and Disease, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (UMR_S1266 INSERM, University Paris Descartes), Paris, France
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40
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Castora FJ. Mitochondrial function and abnormalities implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:83-108. [PMID: 30599156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouse that generate over 90% of the ATP produced in cells. In addition to its role in energy production, the mitochondrion also plays a major role in carbohydrate, fatty acid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, programmed cell death (apoptosis), generation of and protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS), immune response, regulation of intracellular calcium ion levels and even maintenance of gut microbiota. With its essential role in bio-energetic as well as non-energetic biological processes, it is not surprising that proper cellular, tissue and organ function is dependent upon proper mitochondrial function. Accordingly, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to be directly linked to a variety of medical disorders, particularly neuromuscular disorders and increasing evidence has linked mitochondrial dysfunction to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Rett Syndrome (RS) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Over the last 40 years there has been a dramatic increase in the diagnosis of ASD and, more recently, an increasing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in ASD development. In this review, the latest evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to the pathogenesis of autism will be presented. This review will also summarize the results of several recent `approaches used for improving mitochondrial function that may lead to new therapeutic approaches to managing and/or treating ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Castora
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA; Department of Neurology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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41
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Suh Y, Noh SJ, Lee S, Suh BK, Lee SB, Choi J, Jeong J, Kim S, Park SK. Dopamine D1 Receptor (D1R) Expression Is Controlled by a Transcriptional Repressor Complex Containing DISC1. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6725-6735. [PMID: 30915712 PMCID: PMC6728282 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a scaffold protein implicated in various psychiatric diseases. Dysregulation of the dopamine system has been associated with DISC1 deficiency, while the molecular mechanism is unclear. In this study, we propose a novel molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in the striatum via DISC1. We verified the increase in D1R at the transcriptional level in the striatum of DISC1-deficient mouse models and altered histone acetylation status at the D1r locus. We identified a functional interaction between DISC1 and Krüppel-like factor 16 (KLF16). KLF16 translocates DISC1 into the nucleus and forms a regulatory complex by recruiting SIN3A corepressor complexes to the D1r locus. Moreover, DISC1-deficient mice have altered D1R-mediated signaling in the striatum and exhibit hyperlocomotion in response to cocaine; the blockade of D1R suppresses these effects. Taken together, our results suggest that nuclear DISC1 plays a critical role in the transcriptional regulation of D1R in the striatal neuron, providing a mechanistic link between DISC1 and dopamine-related psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongjun Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Noh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebom Lee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University of School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Center for Nanomedicine at Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University of School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Been Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jeong
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University of School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Zheng YR, Zhang XN, Chen Z. Mitochondrial transport serves as a mitochondrial quality control strategy in axons: Implications for central nervous system disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:876-886. [PMID: 30900394 PMCID: PMC6566064 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal mitochondrial quality is essential for neuronal health and functions. Compromised mitochondrial quality, reflected by loss of membrane potential, collapse of ATP production, abnormal morphology, burst of reactive oxygen species generation, and impaired Ca2+ buffering capacity, can alter mitochondrial transport. Mitochondrial transport in turn maintains axonal mitochondrial homeostasis in several ways. Newly generated mitochondria are anterogradely transported along with axon from soma to replenish axonal mitochondrial pool, while damaged mitochondria undergo retrograde transport for repair or degradation. Besides, mitochondria are also arrested in axon to quarantine damages locally. Accumulating evidence suggests abnormal mitochondrial transport leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and axon degeneration in a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Further investigations into the details of this process would help to extend our understanding of various neurological diseases and shed light on the corresponding therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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43
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Romero-Garcia S, Prado-Garcia H. Mitochondrial calcium: Transport and modulation of cellular processes in homeostasis and cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1155-1167. [PMID: 30720054 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in providing cellular energy, mitochondria fulfill a key function in cellular calcium management. The present review provides an integrative view of cellular and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and discusses how calcium regulates mitochondrial dynamics and functionality, thus affecting various cellular processes. Calcium crosstalk exists in the domain created between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which is known as the mitochondria‑associated membrane (MAM), and controls cellular homeostasis. Calcium signaling participates in numerous biochemical and cellular processes, where calcium concentration, temporality and durability are part of a regulated, finely tuned interplay in non‑transformed cells. In addition, cancer cells modify their MAMs, which consequently affects calcium homeostasis to support mesenchymal transformation, migration, invasiveness, metastasis and autophagy. Alterations in calcium homeostasis may also support resistance to apoptosis, which is a serious problem facing current chemotherapeutic treatments. Notably, mitochondrial dynamics are also affected by mitochondrial calcium concentration to promote cancer survival responses. Dysregulated levels of mitochondrial calcium, alongside other signals, promote mitoflash generation in tumor cells, and an increased frequency of mitoflashes may induce epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition. Therefore, cancer cells remodel their calcium balance through numerous mechanisms that support their survival and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosío Villegas', CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases 'Ismael Cosío Villegas', CP 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
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44
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Naghavi-Gargari B, Zahirodin A, Ghaderian SMH, Shirvani-Farsani Z. Significant increasing of DISC2 long non-coding RNA expression as a potential biomarker in bipolar disorder. Neurosci Lett 2018; 696:206-211. [PMID: 30599263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental disorder that is often misdiagnosed with ineffective treatment. It has strong genetic component but unknown pathophysiology. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently recognized as one of the important genetic factors and are considered as one of the regulatory mechanisms of nervous system. Given that lncRNAs may be diagnostic biomarkers for BD, we aimed to quantify the levels of DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA transcripts. The levels of DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA were tested in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 50 BD and 50 controls by real-time PCR. In addition, we performed ROC curve analysis as well as correlation analysis between the gene expression and some clinical features of BD cases. Computational analysis of miRNAs binding sites and CpG Islands on DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA was performed as well. Significant down-regulation of DISC1 and up-regulation of DISC2 were observed in BD cases compared with controls. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) for DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA were 0.76 and 0.68 respectively. There was no significant correlation between the levels of mRNA expression in PBMCs of BD patients and clinical features. These data demonstrated that DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA expression was potentially associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder and might involve several molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that the transcript levels of DISC1 and DISC2 lncRNA could be considered as a good putative biomarker for individuals with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Naghavi-Gargari
- Department of Basic Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Alireza Zahirodin
- Behavioral Science Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Liu J, Zhen YZ, Cui J, Hu G, Wei J, Xu R, Tu P, Lin YJ. Dynamic influence of Rhein lysinate on HeLa cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2047-2055. [PMID: 30226580 PMCID: PMC6192761 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, it was demonstrated that Rhein lysinate (RHL) inhibited HeLa cell proliferation via a specific mechanism. The aim of the present study was to clarify the mechanism of RHL by investigating its effect on mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis. The results indicated that RHL inhibited cell growth and proliferation in HeLa cells. HeLa cells treated with RHL developed extensive vacuolization in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Ultrastructure analysis using transmission electron microscopy revealed that the vacuoles observed were damaged mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The effects of RHL on mitochondria were further confirmed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. The mitochondrial proteome was analyzed, and the results demonstrated that the expression of the cytoskeletal protein keratin and dermal papilla derived protein 12 (associated with the oxidation-reduction process), which are associated with mitochondrial structure and function, were decreased compared with the untreated control group. Hoechst staining, flow cytometry and western blotting also revealed that apoptosis was induced at 24 h following RHL treatment. These results confirm that RHL toxicity in HeLa cells is a dynamic process. Vacuolar degeneration appeared in HeLa cells treated with 160 µmol/l RHL during the first 6 h and with the extension of RHL treatment, cell apoptosis was presented at ~24 h in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Zhan Zhen
- Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Preclinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Ju Cui
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Gang Hu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wei
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xu
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Lin
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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AKAP1 Protects from Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Inhibiting Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8233-8242. [PMID: 30093535 PMCID: PMC6146498 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0649-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion impact numerous cellular functions and neurons are particularly sensitive to perturbations in mitochondrial dynamics. Here we describe that male mice lacking the mitochondrial A-kinase anchoring protein 1 (AKAP1) exhibit increased sensitivity in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of focal ischemia. At the ultrastructural level, AKAP1-/- mice have smaller mitochondria and increased contacts between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum in the brain. Mechanistically, deletion of AKAP1 dysregulates complex II of the electron transport chain, increases superoxide production, and impairs Ca2+ homeostasis in neurons subjected to excitotoxic glutamate. Ca2+ deregulation in neurons lacking AKAP1 can be attributed to loss of inhibitory phosphorylation of the mitochondrial fission enzyme dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) at the protein kinase A (PKA) site Ser637. Our results indicate that inhibition of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by the outer mitochondrial AKAP1/PKA complex protects neurons from ischemic stroke by maintaining respiratory chain activity, inhibiting superoxide production, and delaying Ca2+ deregulation. They also provide the first genetic evidence that Drp1 inhibition may be of therapeutic relevance for the treatment of stroke and neurodegeneration.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous work suggests that activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission contribute to ischemic injury in the brain. However, the specificity and efficacy of the pharmacological Drp1 inhibitor mdivi-1 that was used has now been discredited by several high-profile studies. Our report is timely and highly impactful because it provides the first evidence that genetic disinhibition of Drp1 via knock-out of the mitochondrial protein kinase A (PKA) scaffold AKAP1 exacerbates stroke injury in mice. Mechanistically, we show that electron transport deficiency, increased superoxide production, and Ca2+ overload result from genetic disinhibition of Drp1. In summary, our work settles current controversies regarding the role of mitochondrial fission in neuronal injury, provides mechanisms, and suggests that fission inhibitors hold promise as future therapeutic agents.
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Simmen T, Herrera-Cruz MS. Plastic mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts use chaperones and tethers to mould their structure and signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 53:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Proteostasis and Mitochondrial Role on Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Perspectives. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:6798712. [PMID: 30050571 PMCID: PMC6040257 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6798712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteostasis involves processes that are fundamental for neural viability. Thus, protein misfolding and the formation of toxic aggregates at neural level, secondary to dysregulation of the conservative mechanisms of proteostasis, are associated with several neuropsychiatric conditions. It has been observed that impaired mitochondrial function due to a dysregulated proteostasis control system, that is, ubiquitin-proteasome system and chaperones, could also have effects on neurodegenerative disorders. We aimed to critically analyze the available findings regarding the neurobiological implications of proteostasis on the development of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, considering the mitochondrial role. Proteostasis alterations in the prefrontal cortex implicate proteome instability and accumulation of misfolded proteins. Altered mitochondrial dynamics, especially in proteostasis processes, could impede the normal compensatory mechanisms against cell damage. Thereby, altered mitochondrial functions on regulatory modulation of dendritic development, neuroinflammation, and respiratory function may underlie the development of some psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, being influenced by a genetic background. It is expected that with the increasing evidence about proteostasis in neuropsychiatric disorders, new therapeutic alternatives will emerge.
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