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He K, Jiang H, Li W, Toutounchi S, Huang Y, Wu J, Ma X, Baehr W, Pignolo RJ, Ling K, Zhou X, Wang H, Hu J. Primary cilia mediate skeletogenic BMP and Hedgehog signaling in heterotopic ossification. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabn3486. [PMID: 39047114 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn3486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), defined as the formation of extraskeletal bone in muscle and soft tissues, is a diverse pathological process caused by either genetic mutations or inciting trauma. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic form of HO caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor gene activin A receptor type 1 (ACVR1). These mutations make ACVR1 hypersensitive to BMP and responsive to activin A. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling also contributes to HO development. However, the exact pathophysiology of how skeletogenic cells contribute to endochondral ossification in FOP remains unknown. Here, we showed that the wild-type or FOP-mutant ACVR1 localized in the cilia of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth with key FOP signaling components, including activin A receptor type 2A/2B, SMAD family member 1/5, and FK506-binding protein 12kD. Cilia suppression by deletion of intraflagellar transport 88 or ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 3 effectively inhibited pathological BMP and Hh signaling, subdued aberrant chondro-osteogenic differentiation in primary mouse or human FOP cells, and diminished in vivo extraskeletal ossification in Acvr1Q207D, Sox2-Cre; Acvr1R206H/+ FOP mice and in burn tenotomy-treated wild-type mice. Our results provide a rationale for early and localized suppression of cilia in affected tissues after injury as a therapeutic strategy against either genetic or acquired HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Weijun Li
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Saman Toutounchi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Kun Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Translational Research Center of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Jinghua Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Robert M. and Billie Kelley Pirnie Translational Polycystic Kidney Disease Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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2
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Zhong BH, Dong M. The implication of ciliary signaling pathways for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1535-1543. [PMID: 37490178 PMCID: PMC11224103 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays an essential role in development, tissue repair and fibrosis, and cancer progression, is a reversible cellular program that converts epithelial cells to mesenchymal cell states characterized by motility-invasive properties. The mostly signaling pathways that initiated and controlled the EMT program are regulated by a solitary, non-motile organelle named primary cilium. Acting as a signaling nexus, primary cilium dynamically concentrates signaling molecules to respond to extracellular cues. Recent research has provided direct evidence of connection between EMT and primary ciliogenesis in multiple contexts, but the mechanistic understanding of this relationship is complicated and still undergoing. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about the ciliary signaling pathways involved in EMT and list the direct evidence that shows the link between them, trying to figure out the intricate relationship between EMT and primary ciliogenesis, which may aid the future development of primary cilium as a novel therapeutic approach targeted to EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hua Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Yu X, Li L, Ning A, Wang H, Guan C, Ma X, Xia H. Primary cilia abnormalities participate in the occurrence of spontaneous abortion through TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38704705 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication in early pregnancy, the exact etiology of most cases cannot be determined. Emerging studies suggest that mutations in ciliary genes may be associated with progression of pregnancy loss. However, the involvement of primary cilia on spontaneous abortion and the underlying molecular mechanisms remains poorly understood. We observed the number and length of primary cilia were significantly decreased in decidua of spontaneous abortion in human and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced abortion mice model, accompanied with increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The length of primary cilia in human endometrial stromal cell (hESC) was significantly shortened after TNF-α treatment. Knocking down intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88), involved in cilia formation and maintenance, promoted the expression of TNF-α. There was a reverse regulatory relationship between cilia shortening and TNF-α expression. Further research found that shortened cilia impair decidualization in hESC through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/SMAD2/3 signaling. Primary cilia were impaired in decidua tissue of spontaneous abortion, which might be mainly caused by inflammatory injury. Primary cilia abnormalities resulted in dysregulation of TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling transduction and decidualization impairment, which led to spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yu
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Li
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anfeng Ning
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Guan
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Xia
- Reproductive and Genetic Center & NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, National Research Institute for Family Planning (NRIFP), Beijing, China
- Graduate Schools, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lai B, Jiang H, Gao Y, Zhou X. Skeletal ciliopathy: pathogenesis and related signaling pathways. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:811-823. [PMID: 37188988 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Cilia are tiny organelles with conserved structures and components in eukaryotic cells. Ciliopathy is a set of diseases resulting from cilium dysfunction classified into first-order and second-order ciliopathy. With the advancement of clinical diagnosis and radiography, numerous skeletal phenotypes, including polydactyly, short limbs, short ribs, scoliosis, a narrow thorax, and numerous anomalies in bone and cartilage, have been discovered in ciliopathies. Mutation in genes encoding cilia core components or other cilia-related molecules have been found in skeletal ciliopathies. Meanwhile, various signaling pathways associated with cilia and skeleton development have been deemed to be significant for the occurrence and progression of diseases. Herein, we review the structure and key components of the cilium and summarize several skeletal ciliopathies with their presumable pathology. We also emphasize the signaling pathways involved in skeletal ciliopathies, which may assist in developing potential therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Fengyang Road 415, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Shiratsuchi G, Konishi S, Yano T, Yanagihashi Y, Nakayama S, Katsuno T, Kashihara H, Tanaka H, Tsukita K, Suzuki K, Herawati E, Watanabe H, Hirai T, Yagi T, Kondoh G, Gotoh S, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Dual-color live imaging unveils stepwise organization of multiple basal body arrays by cytoskeletons. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1176-1207. [PMID: 38316902 PMCID: PMC10933483 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
For mucociliary clearance of pathogens, tracheal multiciliated epithelial cells (MCCs) organize coordinated beating of cilia, which originate from basal bodies (BBs) with basal feet (BFs) on one side. To clarify the self-organizing mechanism of coordinated intracellular BB-arrays composed of a well-ordered BB-alignment and unidirectional BB-orientation, determined by the direction of BB to BF, we generated double transgenic mice with GFP-centrin2-labeled BBs and mRuby3-Cep128-labeled BFs for long-term, high-resolution, dual-color live-cell imaging in primary-cultured tracheal MCCs. At early timepoints of MCC differentiation, BB-orientation and BB-local alignment antecedently coordinated in an apical microtubule-dependent manner. Later during MCC differentiation, fluctuations in BB-orientation were restricted, and locally aligned BB-arrays were further coordinated to align across the entire cell (BB-global alignment), mainly in an apical intermediate-sized filament-lattice-dependent manner. Thus, the high coordination of the BB-array was established for efficient mucociliary clearance as the primary defense against pathogen infection, identifying apical cytoskeletons as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Shiratsuchi
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shogo Nakayama
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Anatomical Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroka Kashihara
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroo Tanaka
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Elisa Herawati
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- School of Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Advanced Comprehensive Research Organization, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Lin S, Lv X, Lin X, Chen S, Li Y, Xu M, Qiu Y, Tang L. Modulation Effects of the CEP128 Gene on Radiotherapy-Related Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Structural Study Using Multi-Parametric Brain MR Images. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:648-658. [PMID: 37249021 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The promoter variant rs17111237 in the CEP128 closely relates to radiotherapy (RT)-related brain necrosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. PURPOSE To explore RT-related dynamic alterations in brain morphology and their potential genetic mechanism, and to explore the modulatory effects of CEP128 genetic variants on RT-related brain morphological alterations in NPC patients. STUDY TYPE Prospective, longitudinal. POPULATION One hundred one patients with histopathologic ally-proven NPC (age 41.64 ± 9.63, 46 male), analyzed at baseline (pre-RT), 3-months post-RT and 6 months post-RT, and 19 sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3D gradient echo brain volume (3D-BRAVO) and diffusion-weighted single-shot spin-echo echo-planar sequences at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT rs17111237 in CEP128 was detected by Sanger sequencing. Structural and diffusion images were processed with FreeSurfer and FSL. Morphometric similarity network (MSN) was constructed with nine cortical indices derived from structural and diffusion images. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way ANOVA, chi-square test. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to measure the relationship between CEP128 gene-expression level in human brain and MSN alterations. Repeated analysis of variance performed to assess group differences in MSN and the modulatory effects of the CEP128 gene within patients. Significance level: P < 0.05, false-discovery rate correction. RESULTS RT-related significant widespread MSN alterations were observed in the cortices of NPC patients. Notably, regional MSN alterations had a weak but significant negative correlation with the cortical pattern of CEP128 gene expression (r = -0.152). Furthermore, rs17111237 in the CEP128 had significant modulatory effects on the observed MSN alterations in NPC patients, with the modulatory effects being most obvious at 3 months post-RT. CONCLUSIONS MSN has potential to serve as a sensitive biomarker to detect RT-related brain injury. Inter-brain regional and inter-patient variability of RT-related brain injuries may be attributed to the cortical expression of the CEP128 gene and the modulatory effects of the promoter variant rs17111237 in CEP128. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manxi Xu
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingwei Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linquan Tang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
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Qu P, Shao Z, Zhang Y, He J, Lu D, Wei W, Hua J, Wang W, Wang J, Ding N. Primary cilium participates in radiation-induced bystander effects through TGF-β1 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31163. [PMID: 38009273 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling mediates radiation-induced bystander effects (RIBEs). The primary cilium (PC) coordinates several signaling pathways including TGF-β signaling to regulate diverse cellular processes. But whether the PC participates in TGF-β induced RIBEs remains unclear. The cellular levels of TGF-β1 were detected by western blot analysis and the secretion of TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA kit. The ciliogenesis was altered by CytoD treatment, STIL siRNA transfection, IFT88 siRNA transfection, or KIF3a siRNA transfection, separately, and was detected by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. G0 /G1 phase cells were arrested by serum starvation and S phase cells were induced by double thymidine block. The TGF-β1 signaling was interfered by LY2109761, a TGF-β receptor 1 (TβR1) inhibitor, or TGF-β1 neutral antibody. The DNA damages were induced by TGF-β1 or radiated conditional medium (RCM) from irradiated cells and were reflected by p21 expression, 53BP1 foci, and γH2AX foci. Compared with unirradiated control, both A549 and Beas-2B cells expressed and secreted more TGF-β1 after carbon ion beam or X-ray irradiation. RCM collected from irradiated cells or TGF-β1 treatment caused an increase of DNA damage in cocultured unirradiated Beas-2B cells while blockage of TGF-β signaling by TβR1 inhibitor or TGF-β1 neutral antibody alleviates this phenomenon. IFT88 siRNA or KIF3a siRNA impaired PC formation resulted in an aggravated DNA damage in bystander cells, while elevated PC formation by CytoD or STIL siRNA resulted in a decrease of DNA damage. Furthermore, TGF-β1 induced more DNA damages in S phases cells which showed lower PC formation rate and less DNA damages in G0 /G1 phase cells which showed higher PC formation rate. This study demonstrates the particular role of primary cilia during RCM induced DNA damages through TGF-β1 signaling restriction and thereby provides a functional link between primary cilia and RIBEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urological Surgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Bea-Mascato B, Gómez-Castañeda E, Sánchez-Corrales YE, Castellano S, Valverde D. Loss of the centrosomal protein ALMS1 alters lipid metabolism and the regulation of extracellular matrix-related processes. Biol Direct 2023; 18:84. [PMID: 38062477 PMCID: PMC10704752 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alström syndrome (ALMS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that is associated with mutations in ALMS1 gene. The main clinical manifestations of ALMS are retinal dystrophy, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dilated cardiomyopathy and multi-organ fibrosis, characteristic in kidneys and liver. Depletion of the protein encoded by ALMS1 has been associated with the alteration of different processes regulated via the primary cilium, such as the NOTCH or TGF-β signalling pathways. However, the cellular impact of these deregulated pathways in the absence of ALMS1 remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we integrated RNA-seq and proteomic analysis to determine the gene expression profile of hTERT-BJ-5ta ALMS1 knockout fibroblasts after TGF-β stimulation. In addition, we studied alterations in cross-signalling between the TGF-β pathway and the AKT pathway in this cell line. RESULTS We found that ALMS1 depletion affects the TGF-β pathway and its cross-signalling with other pathways such as PI3K/AKT, EGFR1 or p53. In addition, alterations associated with ALMS1 depletion clustered around the processes of extracellular matrix regulation and lipid metabolism in both the transcriptome and proteome. By studying the enriched pathways of common genes differentially expressed in the transcriptome and proteome, collagen fibril organisation, β-oxidation of fatty acids and eicosanoid metabolism emerged as key processes altered by the absence of ALMS1. Finally, an overactivation of the AKT pathway was determined in the absence of ALMS1 that could be explained by a decrease in PTEN gene expression. CONCLUSION ALMS1 deficiency disrupts cross-signalling between the TGF-β pathway and other dependent pathways in hTERT-BJ-5ta cells. Furthermore, altered cross-signalling impacts the regulation of extracellular matrix-related processes and fatty acid metabolism, and leads to over-activation of the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brais Bea-Mascato
- CINBIO Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Vigo, 36310, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Gómez-Castañeda
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yara E Sánchez-Corrales
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergi Castellano
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Disease in Children, UCL Genomics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Diana Valverde
- CINBIO Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Vigo, 36310, Spain.
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
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9
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Aljiboury A, Hehnly H. The centrosome - diverse functions in fertilization and development across species. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261387. [PMID: 38038054 PMCID: PMC10730021 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is a non-membrane-bound organelle that is conserved across most animal cells and serves various functions throughout the cell cycle. In dividing cells, the centrosome is known as the spindle pole and nucleates a robust microtubule spindle to separate genetic material equally into two daughter cells. In non-dividing cells, the mother centriole, a substructure of the centrosome, matures into a basal body and nucleates cilia, which acts as a signal-transducing antenna. The functions of centrosomes and their substructures are important for embryonic development and have been studied extensively using in vitro mammalian cell culture or in vivo using invertebrate models. However, there are considerable differences in the composition and functions of centrosomes during different aspects of vertebrate development, and these are less studied. In this Review, we discuss the roles played by centrosomes, highlighting conserved and divergent features across species, particularly during fertilization and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Aljiboury
- Syracuse University, Department of Biology, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- Syracuse University, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Syracuse University, Department of Biology, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
- Syracuse University, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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10
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Rodríguez‐Real G, Domínguez‐Calvo A, Prados‐Carvajal R, Bayona‐Feliú A, Gomes‐Pereira S, Balestra FR, Huertas P. Centriolar subdistal appendages promote double-strand break repair through homologous recombination. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56724. [PMID: 37664992 PMCID: PMC10561181 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is a cytoplasmic organelle with roles in microtubule organization that has also been proposed to act as a hub for cellular signaling. Some centrosomal components are required for full activation of the DNA damage response. However, whether the centrosome regulates specific DNA repair pathways is not known. Here, we show that centrosome presence is required to fully activate recombination, specifically to completely license its initial step, the so-called DNA end resection. Furthermore, we identify a centriolar structure, the subdistal appendages, and a specific factor, CEP170, as the critical centrosomal component involved in the regulation of recombination and resection. Cells lacking centrosomes or depleted for CEP170 are, consequently, hypersensitive to DNA damaging agents. Moreover, low levels of CEP170 in multiple cancer types correlate with an increase of the mutation burden associated with specific mutational signatures and a better prognosis, suggesting that changes in CEP170 can act as a mutation driver but could also be targeted to improve current oncological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Rodríguez‐Real
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa‐CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Andrés Domínguez‐Calvo
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa‐CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Rosario Prados‐Carvajal
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa‐CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Aleix Bayona‐Feliú
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Sonia Gomes‐Pereira
- Department of Cell Biology, Sciences IIIUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Fernando R Balestra
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa‐CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
| | - Pablo Huertas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa‐CABIMERUniversidad de Sevilla‐CSIC‐Universidad Pablo de OlavideSevillaSpain
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11
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Theile L, Li X, Dang H, Mersch D, Anders S, Schiebel E. Centrosome linker diversity and its function in centrosome clustering and mitotic spindle formation. EMBO J 2023; 42:e109738. [PMID: 37401899 PMCID: PMC10476278 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome linker joins the two interphase centrosomes of a cell into one microtubule organizing center. Despite increasing knowledge on linker components, linker diversity in different cell types and their role in cells with supernumerary centrosomes remained unexplored. Here, we identified Ninein as a C-Nap1-anchored centrosome linker component that provides linker function in RPE1 cells while in HCT116 and U2OS cells, Ninein and Rootletin link centrosomes together. In interphase, overamplified centrosomes use the linker for centrosome clustering, where Rootletin gains centrosome linker function in RPE1 cells. Surprisingly, in cells with centrosome overamplification, C-Nap1 loss prolongs metaphase through persistent activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint indicated by BUB1 and MAD1 accumulation at kinetochores. In cells lacking C-Nap1, the reduction of microtubule nucleation at centrosomes and the delay in nuclear envelop rupture in prophase probably cause mitotic defects like multipolar spindle formation and chromosome mis-segregation. These defects are enhanced when the kinesin HSET, which normally clusters multiple centrosomes in mitosis, is partially inhibited indicating a functional interplay between C-Nap1 and centrosome clustering in mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Theile
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS)Universität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Xue Li
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory for Cell Polarity RegulationRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchOsakaJapan
| | - Hairuo Dang
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- Cell Biology and Biophysics UnitEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)HeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Simon Anders
- Bioquant CenterUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)‐ZMBH AllianzUniversität HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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12
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Lin X, Guo Z, Lin S, Qiu Y. Transcriptional expression of radiation-induced early cortical morphological alterations and its association with radiation necrosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2023; 186:109770. [PMID: 37385380 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.109770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effects of standard radiotherapy on cortical morphology and its potential transcriptional expression, and to determine the predictive power of cortical morphological measurement at the early stage for radiation necrosis (RN) occurrence within 3 years post-radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS 185 NPC patients participated. Pre-treatment and post-radiotherapy (1-3 months) structural MRI were collected longitudinally and prospectively. Multiple cortical morphological indices were compared between pre-treatment and post-radiotherapy. Brain-wide gene expression was used to assess the transcriptional profiles associated with radiation-induced cortical morphological changes. Machine learning was used to construct predictive models for RN with cortical morphological alterations at the early stage. RESULTS Relative to pre-treatment, NPC patients exhibited a widespread reduction in cortical volume (CV) and cortical thickness (CT) post-radiotherapy (p < 0.001). Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that radiotherapy-related cortical atrophy was closely related to transcriptional profiles (p < 0.001), with the most correlated genes enriched in ATPase Na+/K+ transporting alpha-1 and alpha-3 polypeptide and respiratory electron transport chain. Furthermore, models constructed with cortical morphological features at 1-3 months post-radiotherapy had favorable predictive power for RN occurrence in NPC patients within 3-year follow-up, the area under the curve was 0.854 and 0.843 for CV and CT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NPC patients exhibited widespread cortical atrophy at 1-3 months post-radiotherapy, which was closely correlated with dysfunction of the ATPase Na+/K+ transporting alpha-1 and alpha-3 polypeptide and respiratory electron transport chain. Cortical morphology at 1-3 months post-radiotherapy may serve as an early biomarker for identifying RN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, 89 Taoyuan road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiwei Lin
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, 89 Taoyuan road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Yingwei Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, 89 Taoyuan road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen 518052, China.
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13
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Atmakuru PS, Dhawan J. The cilium-centrosome axis in coupling cell cycle exit and cell fate. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:308872. [PMID: 37144419 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is an evolutionarily conserved, ancient organelle whose role in cell division was first described over a century ago. The structure and function of the centrosome as a microtubule-organizing center, and of its extracellular extension - the primary cilium - as a sensory antenna, have since been extensively studied, but the role of the cilium-centrosome axis in cell fate is still emerging. In this Opinion piece, we view cellular quiescence and tissue homeostasis from the vantage point of the cilium-centrosome axis. We focus on a less explored role in the choice between distinct forms of mitotic arrest - reversible quiescence and terminal differentiation, which play distinct roles in tissue homeostasis. We outline evidence implicating the centrosome-basal body switch in stem cell function, including how the cilium-centrosome complex regulates reversible versus irreversible arrest in adult skeletal muscle progenitors. We then highlight exciting new findings in other quiescent cell types that suggest signal-dependent coupling of nuclear and cytoplasmic events to the centrosome-basal body switch. Finally, we propose a framework for involvement of this axis in mitotically inactive cells and identify future avenues for understanding how the cilium-centrosome axis impacts central decisions in tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti S Atmakuru
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Jyotsna Dhawan
- CSIR Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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14
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Ma D, Wang F, Teng J, Huang N, Chen J. Structure and function of distal and subdistal appendages of the mother centriole. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286880. [PMID: 36727648 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are composed of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. The two centrioles in G1 phase are distinguished by the localization of their appendages in the distal and subdistal regions; the centriole possessing both types of appendage is older and referred to as the mother centriole, whereas the other centriole lacking appendages is the daughter centriole. Both distal and subdistal appendages in vertebrate cells consist of multiple proteins assembled in a hierarchical manner. Distal appendages function mainly in the initial process of ciliogenesis, and subdistal appendages are involved in microtubule anchoring, mitotic spindle regulation and maintenance of ciliary signaling. Mutations in genes encoding components of both appendage types are implicated in ciliopathies and developmental defects. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in knowledge regarding the composition and assembly of centriolar appendages, as well as their roles in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junlin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Translational Medicine Institute, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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15
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Zhao H, Khan Z, Westlake CJ. Ciliogenesis membrane dynamics and organization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:20-31. [PMID: 35351373 PMCID: PMC9510604 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ciliogenesis is a complex multistep process used to describe assembly of cilia and flagella. These organelles play essential roles in motility and signaling on the surface of cells. Cilia are built at the distal ends of centrioles through the formation of an axoneme that is surrounded by the ciliary membrane. As is the case in the biogenesis of other cellular organelles, regulators of membrane trafficking play essential roles in ciliogenesis, albeit with a unique feature that membranes are organized around microtubule-based structures. Membrane association with the distal end of the centriole is a critical initiating step for ciliogenesis. Studies of this process in different cell types suggests that a singular mechanism may not be utilized to initiate cilium assembly. In this review, we focus on recent insights into cilium biogenesis and the roles membrane trafficking regulators play in described ciliogenesis mechanisms with relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ziam Khan
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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16
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Karasu OR, Neuner A, Atorino ES, Pereira G, Schiebel E. The central scaffold protein CEP350 coordinates centriole length, stability, and maturation. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213625. [PMID: 36315013 PMCID: PMC9623370 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centriole is the microtubule-based backbone that ensures integrity, function, and cell cycle-dependent duplication of centrosomes. Mostly unclear mechanisms control structural integrity of centrioles. Here, we show that the centrosome protein CEP350 functions as scaffold that coordinates distal-end properties of centrioles such as length, stability, and formation of distal and subdistal appendages. CEP350 fulfills these diverse functions by ensuring centriolar localization of WDR90, recruiting the proteins CEP78 and OFD1 to the distal end of centrioles and promoting the assembly of subdistal appendages that have a role in removing the daughter-specific protein Centrobin. The CEP350-FOP complex in association with CEP78 or OFD1 controls centriole microtubule length. Centrobin safeguards centriole distal end stability, especially in the compromised CEP350-/- cells, while the CEP350-FOP-WDR90 axis secures centriole integrity. This study identifies CEP350 as a guardian of the distal-end region of centrioles without having an impact on the proximal PCM part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Rojhat Karasu
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annett Neuner
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Enrico Salvatore Atorino
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gislene Pereira
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Center of Organismal Studies, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Molecular Biology of Centrosomes and Cilia Group, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Correspondence to Elmar Schiebel:
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17
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Bea-Mascato B, Neira-Goyanes E, Iglesias-Rodríguez A, Valverde D. Depletion of ALMS1 affects TGF-β signalling pathway and downstream processes such as cell migration and adhesion capacity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:992313. [PMID: 36325276 PMCID: PMC9621122 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.992313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ALMS1 is a ubiquitous gene associated with Alström syndrome (ALMS). The main symptoms of ALMS affect multiple organs and tissues, generating at last, multi-organic fibrosis in the lungs, kidneys and liver. TGF-β is one of the main pathways implicated in fibrosis, controlling the cell cycle, apoptosis, cell migration, cell adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nevertheless, the role of ALMS1 gene in fibrosis generation and other implicated processes such as cell migration or cell adhesion via the TGF- β pathway has not been elucidated yet. Methods: Initially, we evaluated how depletion of ALMS1 affects different processes like apoptosis, cell cycle and mitochondrial activity in HeLa cells. Then, we performed proteomic profiling with TGF-β stimuli in HeLa ALMS1 -/- cells and validated the results by examining different EMT biomarkers using qPCR. The expression of these EMT biomarkers were also studied in hTERT-BJ-5ta ALMS1 -/-. Finally, we evaluated the SMAD3 and SMAD2 phosphorylation and cell migration capacity in both models. Results: Depletion of ALMS1 generated apoptosis resistance to thapsigargin (THAP) and C2-Ceramide (C2-C), and G2/M cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells. For mitochondrial activity, results did not show significant differences between ALMS1 +/+ and ALMS1 -/-. Proteomic results showed inhibition of downstream pathways regulated by TGF-β. The protein-coding genes (PCG) were associated with processes like focal adhesion or cell-substrate adherens junction in HeLa. SNAI1 showed an opposite pattern to what would be expected when activating the EMT in HeLa and BJ-5ta. Finally, in BJ-5ta model a reduced activation of SMAD3 but not SMAD2 were also observed. In HeLa model no alterations in the canonical TGF-β pathway were observed but both cell lines showed a reduction in migration capacity. Conclusion: ALMS1 has a role in controlling the cell cycle and the apoptosis processes. Moreover, the depletion of ALMS1 affects the signal transduction through the TGF-β and other processes like the cell migration and adhesion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brais Bea-Mascato
- CINBIO, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Neira-Goyanes
- CINBIO, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Antía Iglesias-Rodríguez
- CINBIO, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- CINBIO, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
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18
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Ardura JA, Martín-Guerrero E, Heredero-Jiménez S, Gortazar AR. Primary cilia and PTH1R interplay in the regulation of osteogenic actions. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 120:345-370. [PMID: 35953116 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are subcellular structures specialized in sensing different stimuli in a diversity of cell types. In bone, the primary cilium is involved in mechanical sensing and transduction of signals that regulate the behavior of mesenchymal osteoprogenitors, osteoblasts and osteocytes. To perform its functions, the primary cilium modulates a plethora of molecules including those stimulated by the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor type I (PTH1R), a master regulator of osteogenesis. Binding of the agonists PTH or PTH-related protein (PTHrP) to the PTH1R or direct agonist-independent stimulation of the receptor activate PTH1R signaling pathways. In turn, activation of PTH1R leads to regulation of bone formation and remodeling. Herein, we describe the structure, function and molecular partners of primary cilia in the context of bone, playing special attention to those signaling pathways that are mediated directly or indirectly by PTH1R in association with primary cilia during the process of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Ardura
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Martín-Guerrero
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Heredero-Jiménez
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha R Gortazar
- Bone Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, CEU San Pablo University, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Song T, Yang Y, Zhou P, Ran J, Zhang L, Wu X, Xie W, Zhong T, Liu H, Liu M, Li D, Zhao H, Zhou J. ENKD1 promotes CP110 removal through competing with CEP97 to initiate ciliogenesis. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54090. [PMID: 35301795 PMCID: PMC9066061 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of cilia in cell signaling and motility, the molecular mechanisms regulating cilium formation remain incompletely understood. Herein, we characterize enkurin domain-containing protein 1 (ENKD1) as a novel centrosomal protein that mediates the removal of centriolar coiled-coil protein 110 (CP110) from the mother centriole to promote ciliogenesis. We show that Enkd1 knockout mice possess ciliogenesis defects in multiple organs. Super-resolution microscopy reveals that ENKD1 is a stable component of the centrosome throughout the ciliogenesis process. Simultaneous knockdown of ENKD1 and CP110 significantly reverses the ciliogenesis defects induced by ENKD1 depletion. Protein interaction analysis shows that ENKD1 competes with centrosomal protein 97 (CEP97) in binding to CP110. Depletion of ENKD1 enhances the CP110-CEP97 interaction and detains CP110 at the mother centriole. These findings thus identify ENKD1 as a centrosomal protein and uncover a novel mechanism controlling CP110 removal from the mother centriole for the initiation of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfan Yang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Ran
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecology, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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20
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CEP128 is involved in spermatogenesis in humans and mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1395. [PMID: 35296684 PMCID: PMC8927350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal proteins are necessary components of the centrosome, a conserved eukaryotic organelle essential to the reproductive process. However, few centrosomal proteins have been genetically linked to fertility. Herein we identify a homozygous missense variant of CEP128 (c.665 G > A [p.R222Q]) in two infertile males. Remarkably, male homozygous knock-in mice harboring the orthologous CEP128R222Q variant show anomalies in sperm morphology, count, and motility. Moreover, Cep128 knock-out mice manifest male infertility associated with disrupted sperm quality. We observe defective sperm flagella in both homozygous Cep128 KO and KI mice; the cilia development in other organs is normal—suggesting that CEP128 variants predominantly affected the ciliogenesis in the testes. Mechanistically, CEP128 is involved in male reproduction via regulating the expression of genes and/or the phosphorylation of TGF-β/BMP-signalling members during spermatogenesis. Altogether, our findings unveil a crucial role for CEP128 in male fertility and provide important insights into the functions of centrosomal proteins in reproductive biology. CEP128 is a centrosomal protein important for the organization of centriolar microtubules. Here, the authors show that a CEP128 variant observed in human male siblings causes reduced sperm counts and morphologically abnormal sperm when modeled in mice, suggesting a role for CEP128 in male fertility.
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21
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Kanamaru T, Neuner A, Kurtulmus B, Pereira G. Balancing the length of the distal tip by septins is key for stability and signalling function of primary cilia. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108843. [PMID: 34981518 PMCID: PMC8724769 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like organelles required for signalling transduction. How cilia structure is mechanistically maintained at steady-state to promote signalling is largely unknown. Here, we define that mammalian primary cilia axonemes are formed by proximal segment (PS) and distal segment (DS) delineated by tubulin polyglutamylation-rich and -poor regions, respectively. The analysis of proximal/distal segmentation indicated that perturbations leading to cilia over-elongation influenced PS or DS length with a different impact on cilia behaviour. We identified septins as novel repressors of DS growth. We show that septins control the localisation of MKS3 and CEP290 required for a functional transition zone (TZ), and the cilia tip accumulation of the microtubule-capping kinesin KIF7, a cilia-growth inhibitor. Live-cell imaging and analysis of sonic-hedgehog (SHH) signalling activation established that DS over-extension increased cilia ectocytosis events and decreased SHH activation. Our data underlines the importance of understanding cilia segmentation for length control and cilia-dependent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kanamaru
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Annett Neuner
- Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Bahtiyar Kurtulmus
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Gislene Pereira
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ)DKFZ‐ZMBH AllianceHeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH)University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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22
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Wu X, Wang H, Chen H, Lin H, Li M, Yue Z, Sun L. Overexpression of smad7 inhibits the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and EMT in NPHP1-defective MDCK cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 582:57-63. [PMID: 34689106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a kind of ciliopathy. Interstitial fibrosis occurs at the early stage of the disease. TGF-β/Smad is a key signaling pathway in regulating interstitial fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In this study, we explored the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and EMT in NPHP1-defective MDCK cells to further understand the pathogenesis of NPHP. METHODS NPHP1-knockdown (NPHP1KD) MDCK cells were constructed by recombinant lentiviral short hairpin RNA, and NPHP1-knockout (NPHP1KO) MDCK cells were constructed by using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The morphology and migration ability were observed under a microscope. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast-specific protein-1(FSP1), TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, Smad4 and Smad7. The localization of Smad3 was determined by immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS NPHP1KD and NPHP1KO MDCK cells were spindle-shaped and presented EMT-like changes. E-cadherin and β-catenin expression decreased, while α-SMA and FSP1 expression increased; the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was activated, Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3 and Smad4 expression increased, Smad3 translocated to nuclear and Smad7 expression decreased compared with those in wild type MDCK cells. Overexpression of Smad7 reversed these changes to different degrees. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that NPHP1 defects induce the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway and EMT in MDCK cells. These factors may be implicated in the pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis in NPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huamu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongrong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhihui Yue
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liangzhong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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23
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Ng DCH, Ho UY, Grounds MD. Cilia, Centrosomes and Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9605. [PMID: 34502512 PMCID: PMC8431768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile, cell cycle-associated organelles that can be found on most vertebrate cell types. Comprised of microtubule bundles organised into an axoneme and anchored by a mature centriole or basal body, primary cilia are dynamic signalling platforms that are intimately involved in cellular responses to their extracellular milieu. Defects in ciliogenesis or dysfunction in cilia signalling underlie a host of developmental disorders collectively referred to as ciliopathies, reinforcing important roles for cilia in human health. Whilst primary cilia have long been recognised to be present in striated muscle, their role in muscle is not well understood. However, recent studies indicate important contributions, particularly in skeletal muscle, that have to date remained underappreciated. Here, we explore recent revelations that the sensory and signalling functions of cilia on muscle progenitors regulate cell cycle progression, trigger differentiation and maintain a commitment to myogenesis. Cilia disassembly is initiated during myoblast fusion. However, the remnants of primary cilia persist in multi-nucleated myotubes, and we discuss their potential role in late-stage differentiation and myofiber formation. Reciprocal interactions between cilia and the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment described for other tissues may also inform on parallel interactions in skeletal muscle. We also discuss emerging evidence that cilia on fibroblasts/fibro-adipogenic progenitors and myofibroblasts may influence cell fate in both a cell autonomous and non-autonomous manner with critical consequences for skeletal muscle ageing and repair in response to injury and disease. This review addresses the enigmatic but emerging role of primary cilia in satellite cells in myoblasts and myofibers during myogenesis, as well as the wider tissue microenvironment required for skeletal muscle formation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic C. H. Ng
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Uda Y. Ho
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Miranda D. Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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24
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Jee YH, Gangat M, Yeliosof O, Temnycky AG, Vanapruks S, Whalen P, Gourgari E, Bleach C, Yu CH, Marshall I, Yanovski JA, Link K, Ten S, Baron J, Radovick S. Evidence That the Etiology of Congenital Hypopituitarism Has a Major Genetic Component but Is Infrequently Monogenic. Front Genet 2021; 12:697549. [PMID: 34456972 PMCID: PMC8386283 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.697549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Congenital hypopituitarism usually occurs sporadically. In most patients, the etiology remains unknown. Methods We studied 13 children with sporadic congenital hypopituitarism. Children with non-endocrine, non-familial idiopathic short stature (NFSS) (n = 19) served as a control group. Exome sequencing was performed in probands and both unaffected parents. A burden testing approach was used to compare the number of candidate variants in the two groups. Results First, we assessed the frequency of rare, predicted-pathogenic variants in 42 genes previously reported to be associated with pituitary gland development. The average number of variants per individual was greater in probands with congenital hypopituitarism than those with NFSS (1.1 vs. 0.21, mean variants/proband, P = 0.03). The number of probands with at least 1 variant in a pituitary-associated gene was greater in congenital hypopituitarism than in NFSS (62% vs. 21%, P = 0.03). Second, we assessed the frequency of rare, predicted-pathogenic variants in the exome (to capture undiscovered causes) that were inherited in a fashion that could explain the sporadic occurrence of the proband's condition with a monogenic etiology (de novo mutation, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive) with complete penetrance. There were fewer monogenic candidates in the probands with congenital hypopituitarism than those with NFSS (1.3 vs. 2.5 candidate variants/proband, P = 0.024). We did not find any candidate variants (0 of 13 probands) in genes previously reported to explain the phenotype in congenital hypopituitarism, unlike NFSS (8 of 19 probands, P = 0.01). Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that the etiology of sporadic congenital hypopituitarism has a major genetic component but may be infrequently monogenic with full penetrance, suggesting a more complex etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Hee Jee
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mariam Gangat
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Olga Yeliosof
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Adrian G Temnycky
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Selena Vanapruks
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Philip Whalen
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Evgenia Gourgari
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Cortney Bleach
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christine H Yu
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ian Marshall
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kathleen Link
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Subspecialists of Virginia, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Svetlana Ten
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sally Radovick
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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25
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Tapia Contreras C, Hoyer-Fender S. The Transformation of the Centrosome into the Basal Body: Similarities and Dissimilarities between Somatic and Male Germ Cells and Their Relevance for Male Fertility. Cells 2021; 10:2266. [PMID: 34571916 PMCID: PMC8471410 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The sperm flagellum is essential for the transport of the genetic material toward the oocyte and thus the transmission of the genetic information to the next generation. During the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, i.e., spermiogenesis, a morphological and molecular restructuring of the male germ cell, the round spermatid, takes place that includes the silencing and compaction of the nucleus, the formation of the acrosomal vesicle from the Golgi apparatus, the formation of the sperm tail, and, finally, the shedding of excessive cytoplasm. Sperm tail formation starts in the round spermatid stage when the pair of centrioles moves toward the posterior pole of the nucleus. The sperm tail, eventually, becomes located opposed to the acrosomal vesicle, which develops at the anterior pole of the nucleus. The centriole pair tightly attaches to the nucleus, forming a nuclear membrane indentation. An articular structure is formed around the centriole pair known as the connecting piece, situated in the neck region and linking the sperm head to the tail, also named the head-to-tail coupling apparatus or, in short, HTCA. Finally, the sperm tail grows out from the distal centriole that is now transformed into the basal body of the flagellum. However, a centriole pair is found in nearly all cells of the body. In somatic cells, it accumulates a large mass of proteins, the pericentriolar material (PCM), that together constitute the centrosome, which is the main microtubule-organizing center of the cell, essential not only for the structuring of the cytoskeleton and the overall cellular organization but also for mitotic spindle formation and chromosome segregation. However, in post-mitotic (G1 or G0) cells, the centrosome is transformed into the basal body. In this case, one of the centrioles, which is always the oldest or mother centriole, grows the axoneme of a cilium. Most cells of the body carry a single cilium known as the primary cilium that serves as an antenna sensing the cell's environment. Besides, specialized cells develop multiple motile cilia differing in substructure from the immotile primary cilia that are essential in moving fluids or cargos over the cellular surface. Impairment of cilia formation causes numerous severe syndromes that are collectively subsumed as ciliopathies. This comparative overview serves to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of basal body formation, their similarities, and dissimilarities, in somatic versus male germ cells, by discussing the involved proteins/genes and their expression, localization, and function. The review, thus, aimed to provide a deeper knowledge of the molecular players that is essential for the expansion of clinical diagnostics and treatment of male fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sigrid Hoyer-Fender
- Göttingen Center of Molecular Biosciences, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology-Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
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26
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Chadourne M, Poumerol E, Jouneau L, Passet B, Castille J, Sellem E, Pailhoux E, Mandon-Pépin B. Structural and Functional Characterization of a Testicular Long Non-coding RNA (4930463O16Rik) Identified in the Meiotic Arrest of the Mouse Topaz1 -/- Testes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700290. [PMID: 34277642 PMCID: PMC8281061 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves coordinated processes, including meiosis, to produce functional gametes. We previously reported Topaz1 as a germ cell-specific gene highly conserved in vertebrates. Topaz1 knockout males are sterile with testes that lack haploid germ cells because of meiotic arrest after prophase I. To better characterize Topaz1–/– testes, we used RNA-sequencing analyses at two different developmental stages (P16 and P18). The absence of TOPAZ1 disturbed the expression of genes involved in microtubule and/or cilium mobility, biological processes required for spermatogenesis. Moreover, a quarter of P18 dysregulated genes are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and three of them are testis-specific and located in spermatocytes, their expression starting between P11 and P15. The suppression of one of them, 4939463O16Rik, did not alter fertility although sperm parameters were disturbed and sperm concentration fell. The transcriptome of P18-4939463O16Rik–/– testes was altered and the molecular pathways affected included microtubule-based processes, the regulation of cilium movement and spermatogenesis. The absence of TOPAZ1 protein or 4930463O16Rik produced the same enrichment clusters in mutant testes despite a contrasted phenotype on male fertility. In conclusion, although Topaz1 is essential for the meiosis in male germ cells and regulate the expression of numerous lncRNAs, these studies have identified a Topaz1 regulated lncRNA (4930463O16Rik) that is key for both sperm production and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Chadourne
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Elodie Poumerol
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luc Jouneau
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Bruno Passet
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Johan Castille
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Eric Pailhoux
- UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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27
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Yanardag S, Pugacheva EN. Primary Cilium Is Involved in Stem Cell Differentiation and Renewal through the Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways. Cells 2021; 10:1428. [PMID: 34201019 PMCID: PMC8226522 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling networks guide stem cells during their lineage specification and terminal differentiation. Primary cilium, an antenna-like protrusion, directly or indirectly plays a significant role in this guidance. All stem cells characterized so far have primary cilia. They serve as entry- or check-points for various signaling events by controlling the signal transduction and stability. Thus, defects in the primary cilia formation or dynamics cause developmental and health problems, including but not limited to obesity, cardiovascular and renal anomalies, hearing and vision loss, and even cancers. In this review, we focus on the recent findings of how primary cilium controls various signaling pathways during stem cell differentiation and identify potential gaps in the field for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sila Yanardag
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
| | - Elena N. Pugacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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28
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Peralta M, Ortiz Lopez L, Jerabkova K, Lucchesi T, Vitre B, Han D, Guillemot L, Dingare C, Sumara I, Mercader N, Lecaudey V, Delaval B, Meilhac SM, Vermot J. Intraflagellar Transport Complex B Proteins Regulate the Hippo Effector Yap1 during Cardiogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107932. [PMID: 32698004 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and the intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins involved in ciliogenesis are associated with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). However, the molecular links between cilia, IFT proteins, and cardiogenesis are yet to be established. Using a combination of biochemistry, genetics, and live-imaging methods, we show that IFT complex B proteins (Ift88, Ift54, and Ift20) modulate the Hippo pathway effector YAP1 in zebrafish and mouse. We demonstrate that this interaction is key to restrict the formation of the proepicardium and the myocardium. In cellulo experiments suggest that IFT88 and IFT20 interact with YAP1 in the cytoplasm and functionally modulate its activity, identifying a molecular link between cilia-related proteins and the Hippo pathway. Taken together, our results highlight a noncanonical role for IFT complex B proteins during cardiogenesis and shed light on a mechanism of action for ciliary proteins in YAP1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Peralta
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laia Ortiz Lopez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Katerina Jerabkova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Tommaso Lucchesi
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Vitre
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dong Han
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Guillemot
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Chaitanya Dingare
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedicte Delaval
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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29
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Abstract
Ciliogenesis describes the assembly of cilia in interphase cells. Several hundred proteins have been linked to ciliogenesis, which proceeds through a highly coordinated multistage process at the distal end of centrioles requiring membranes. In this short review, we focus on recently reported insights into the biogenesis of the primary cilium membrane and its association with other ciliogenic processes in the intracellular ciliogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shakya
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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30
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Hall NA, Hehnly H. A centriole's subdistal appendages: contributions to cell division, ciliogenesis and differentiation. Open Biol 2021; 11:200399. [PMID: 33561384 PMCID: PMC8061701 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome is a highly conserved structure composed of two centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material. The mother, and inherently older, centriole has distal and subdistal appendages, whereas the daughter centriole is devoid of these appendage structures. Both appendages have been primarily linked to functions in cilia formation. However, subdistal appendages present with a variety of potential functions that include spindle placement, chromosome alignment, the final stage of cell division (abscission) and potentially cell differentiation. Subdistal appendages are particularly interesting in that they do not always display a conserved ninefold symmetry in appendage organization on the mother centriole across eukaryotic species, unlike distal appendages. In this review, we aim to differentiate both the morphology and role of the distal and subdistal appendages, with a particular focus on subdistal appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Hall
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse NY, USA
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Abstract
As a transparent avascular tissue located at the front of the eyeball, the cornea is an important barrier to external damage. Both epithelial and endothelial cells of the cornea harbor primary cilia, which sense changes in the external environment and regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that the primary cilium regulates corneal development in several ways, including participation in corneal epithelial stratification and maintenance of corneal endothelial cell morphology. In addition, the primary cilium has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several corneal diseases. In this review, we discuss recent findings that demonstrate the critical role of the primary cilium in corneal development. We also discuss the link between ciliary dysfunction and corneal diseases, which suggests that the primary cilium could be targeted to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Song
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. E-mail:
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32
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Centrosome dysfunction in human diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 110:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cullen CL, O'Rourke M, Beasley SJ, Auderset L, Zhen Y, Pepper RE, Gasperini R, Young KM. Kif3a deletion prevents primary cilia assembly on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, reduces oligodendrogenesis and impairs fine motor function. Glia 2020; 69:1184-1203. [PMID: 33368703 PMCID: PMC7986221 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are small microtubule‐based organelles capable of transducing signals from growth factor receptors embedded in the cilia membrane. Developmentally, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) express genes associated with primary cilia assembly, disassembly, and signaling, however, the importance of primary cilia for adult myelination has not been explored. We show that OPCs are ciliated in vitro and in vivo, and that they disassemble their primary cilia as they progress through the cell cycle. OPC primary cilia are also disassembled as OPCs differentiate into oligodendrocytes. When kinesin family member 3a (Kif3a), a gene critical for primary cilium assembly, was conditionally deleted from adult OPCs in vivo (Pdgfrα‐CreER™:: Kif3afl/fl transgenic mice), OPCs failed to assemble primary cilia. Kif3a‐deletion was also associated with reduced OPC proliferation and oligodendrogenesis in the corpus callosum and motor cortex and a progressive impairment of fine motor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie L Cullen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Megan O'Rourke
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Shannon J Beasley
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Loic Auderset
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Renee E Pepper
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Robert Gasperini
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Kaylene M Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Hosio M, Jaks V, Lagus H, Vuola J, Ogawa R, Kankuri E. Primary Ciliary Signaling in the Skin-Contribution to Wound Healing and Scarring. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578384. [PMID: 33282860 PMCID: PMC7691485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia (PC) are solitary, post-mitotic, microtubule-based, and membrane-covered protrusions that are found on almost every mammalian cell. PC are specialized cellular sensory organelles that transmit environmental information to the cell. Signaling through PC is involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Conversely, defective, or abnormal PC signaling can contribute to the development of various pathological conditions. Our knowledge of the role of PC in organ development and function is largely based on ciliopathies, a family of genetic disorders with mutations affecting the structure and function of PC. In this review, we focus on the role of PC in their major signaling pathways active in skin cells, and their contribution to wound healing and scarring. To provide comprehensive insights into the current understanding of PC functions, we have collected data available in the literature, including evidence across cell types, tissues, and animal species. We conclude that PC are underappreciated subcellular organelles that significantly contribute to both physiological and pathological processes of the skin development and wound healing. Thus, PC assembly and disassembly and PC signaling may serve as attractive targets for antifibrotic and antiscarring therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Hosio
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jyrki Vuola
- Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Nguyen QPH, Liu Z, Albulescu A, Ouyang H, Zlock L, Coyaud E, Laurent E, Finkbeiner W, Moraes TJ, Raught B, Mennella V. Comparative Super-Resolution Mapping of Basal Feet Reveals a Modular but Distinct Architecture in Primary and Motile Cilia. Dev Cell 2020; 55:209-223.e7. [PMID: 33038334 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In situ molecular architecture analysis of organelles and protein assemblies is essential to understanding the role of individual components and their cellular function, and to engineering new molecular functionalities. Through a super-resolution-driven approach, here we characterize the organization of the ciliary basal foot, an appendage of basal bodies whose main role is to provide a point of anchoring to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Quantitative image analysis shows that the basal foot is organized into three main regions linked by elongated coiled-coil proteins, revealing a conserved modular architecture in primary and motile cilia, but showing distinct features reflecting its specialized functions. Using domain-specific BioID proximity labeling and super-resolution imaging, we identify CEP112 as a basal foot protein and other candidate components of this assembly, aiding future investigations on the role of basal foot across different cilia systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh P H Nguyen
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Zhen Liu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Albulescu
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Lorna Zlock
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Etienne Coyaud
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L8, Canada
| | - Estelle Laurent
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L8, Canada
| | - Walter Finkbeiner
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G1L8, Canada
| | - Vito Mennella
- Biochemistry Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Center, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Super-Resolution Microscopy and FIB-SEM Imaging Reveal Parental Centriole-Derived, Hybrid Cilium in Mammalian Multiciliated Cells. Dev Cell 2020; 55:224-236.e6. [PMID: 33038333 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia are cellular beating machines that play a critical role in mucociliary clearance, cerebrospinal fluid movement, and fertility. In the airways, hundreds of motile cilia present on the surface of a multiciliated epithelia cell beat coordinately to protect the epithelium from bacteria, viruses, and harmful particulates. During multiciliated cell differentiation, motile cilia are templated from basal bodies, each extending a basal foot-an appendage linking motile cilia together to ensure coordinated beating. Here, we demonstrate that among the many motile cilia of a multiciliated cell, a hybrid cilium with structural features of both primary and motile cilia is harbored. The hybrid cilium is conserved in mammalian multiciliated cells, originates from parental centrioles, and its cellular position is biased and dependent on ciliary beating. Furthermore, we show that the hybrid cilium emerges independently of other motile cilia and functions in regulating basal body alignment.
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Systems genetics analysis identifies calcium-signaling defects as novel cause of congenital heart disease. Genome Med 2020; 12:76. [PMID: 32859249 PMCID: PMC7453558 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in almost 1% of newborn children and is considered a multifactorial disorder. CHD may segregate in families due to significant contribution of genetic factors in the disease etiology. The aim of the study was to identify pathophysiological mechanisms in families segregating CHD. METHODS We used whole exome sequencing to identify rare genetic variants in ninety consenting participants from 32 Danish families with recurrent CHD. We applied a systems biology approach to identify developmental mechanisms influenced by accumulation of rare variants. We used an independent cohort of 714 CHD cases and 4922 controls for replication and performed functional investigations using zebrafish as in vivo model. RESULTS We identified 1785 genes, in which rare alleles were shared between affected individuals within a family. These genes were enriched for known cardiac developmental genes, and 218 of these genes were mutated in more than one family. Our analysis revealed a functional cluster, enriched for proteins with a known participation in calcium signaling. Replication in an independent cohort confirmed increased mutation burden of calcium-signaling genes in CHD patients. Functional investigation of zebrafish orthologues of ITPR1, PLCB2, and ADCY2 verified a role in cardiac development and suggests a combinatorial effect of inactivation of these genes. CONCLUSIONS The study identifies abnormal calcium signaling as a novel pathophysiological mechanism in human CHD and confirms the complex genetic architecture underlying CHD.
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Chong WM, Wang WJ, Lo CH, Chiu TY, Chang TJ, Liu YP, Tanos B, Mazo G, Tsou MFB, Jane WN, Yang TT, Liao JC. Super-resolution microscopy reveals coupling between mammalian centriole subdistal appendages and distal appendages. eLife 2020; 9:53580. [PMID: 32242819 PMCID: PMC7173962 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Subdistal appendages (sDAPs) are centriolar elements that are observed proximal to the distal appendages (DAPs) in vertebrates. Despite the obvious presence of sDAPs, structural and functional understanding of them remains elusive. Here, by combining super-resolved localization analysis and CRISPR-Cas9 genetic perturbation, we find that although DAPs and sDAPs are primarily responsible for distinct functions in ciliogenesis and microtubule anchoring, respectively, the presence of one element actually affects the positioning of the other. Specifically, we find dual layers of both ODF2 and CEP89, where their localizations are differentially regulated by DAP and sDAP integrity. DAP depletion relaxes longitudinal occupancy of sDAP protein ninein to cover the DAP region, implying a role of DAPs in sDAP positioning. Removing sDAPs alter the distal border of centrosomal γ-tubulins, illustrating a new role of sDAPs. Together, our results provide an architectural framework for sDAPs that sheds light on functional understanding, surprisingly revealing coupling between DAPs and sDAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Man Chong
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hui Lo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jui Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Pi Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barbara Tanos
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Mazo
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Meng-Fu Bryan Tsou
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
| | - Wann-Neng Jane
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T Tony Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chi Liao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lundberg E, Borner GHH. Spatial proteomics: a powerful discovery tool for cell biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:285-302. [PMID: 30659282 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein subcellular localization is tightly controlled and intimately linked to protein function in health and disease. Capturing the spatial proteome - that is, the localizations of proteins and their dynamics at the subcellular level - is therefore essential for a complete understanding of cell biology. Owing to substantial advances in microscopy, mass spectrometry and machine learning applications for data analysis, the field is now mature for proteome-wide investigations of spatial cellular regulation. Studies of the human proteome have begun to reveal a complex architecture, including single-cell variations, dynamic protein translocations, changing interaction networks and proteins localizing to multiple compartments. Furthermore, several studies have successfully harnessed the power of comparative spatial proteomics as a discovery tool to unravel disease mechanisms. We are at the beginning of an era in which spatial proteomics finally integrates with cell biology and medical research, thereby paving the way for unbiased systems-level insights into cellular processes. Here, we discuss current methods for spatial proteomics using imaging or mass spectrometry and specifically highlight global comparative applications. The aim of this Review is to survey the state of the field and also to encourage more cell biologists to apply spatial proteomics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lundberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Georg H H Borner
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Martinsried, Germany.
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Abstract
Primary cilia project in a single copy from the surface of most vertebrate cell types; they detect and transmit extracellular cues to regulate diverse cellular processes during development and to maintain tissue homeostasis. The sensory capacity of primary cilia relies on the coordinated trafficking and temporal localization of specific receptors and associated signal transduction modules in the cilium. The canonical Hedgehog (HH) pathway, for example, is a bona fide ciliary signalling system that regulates cell fate and self-renewal in development and tissue homeostasis. Specific receptors and associated signal transduction proteins can also localize to primary cilia in a cell type-dependent manner; available evidence suggests that the ciliary constellation of these proteins can temporally change to allow the cell to adapt to specific developmental and homeostatic cues. Consistent with important roles for primary cilia in signalling, mutations that lead to their dysfunction underlie a pleiotropic group of diseases and syndromic disorders termed ciliopathies, which affect many different tissues and organs of the body. In this Review, we highlight central mechanisms by which primary cilia coordinate HH, G protein-coupled receptor, WNT, receptor tyrosine kinase and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling and illustrate how defects in the balanced output of ciliary signalling events are coupled to developmental disorders and disease progression.
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ZO-2 Is a Master Regulator of Gene Expression, Cell Proliferation, Cytoarchitecture, and Cell Size. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174128. [PMID: 31450555 PMCID: PMC6747478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ZO-2 is a cytoplasmic protein of tight junctions (TJs). Here, we describe ZO-2 involvement in the formation of the apical junctional complex during early development and in TJ biogenesis in epithelial cultured cells. ZO-2 acts as a scaffold for the polymerization of claudins at TJs and plays a unique role in the blood–testis barrier, as well as at TJs of the human liver and the inner ear. ZO-2 movement between the cytoplasm and nucleus is regulated by nuclear localization and exportation signals and post-translation modifications, while ZO-2 arrival at the cell border is triggered by activation of calcium sensing receptors and corresponding downstream signaling. Depending on its location, ZO-2 associates with junctional proteins and the actomyosin cytoskeleton or a variety of nuclear proteins, playing a role as a transcriptional repressor that leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and transformation. ZO-2 regulates cell architecture through modulation of Rho proteins and its absence induces hypertrophy due to inactivation of the Hippo pathway and activation of mTOR and S6K. The interaction of ZO-2 with viral oncoproteins and kinases and its silencing in diverse carcinomas reinforce the view of ZO-2 as a tumor regulator protein.
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Wang TM, Shen GP, Chen MY, Zhang JB, Sun Y, He J, Xue WQ, Li XZ, Huang SY, Zheng XH, Zhang SD, Hu YZ, Qin HD, Bei JX, Ma J, Mu J, Yao Shugart Y, Jia WH. Genome-Wide Association Study of Susceptibility Loci for Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:620-628. [PMID: 30299488 PMCID: PMC6579742 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced brain injury is a nonnegligible issue in the management of cancer patients treated by partial or whole brain irradiation. In particular, temporal lobe injury (TLI), a deleterious late complication in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, greatly affects the long-term life quality of these patients. Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have successfully identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with radiation toxicity, genetic variants contributing to the radiation-induced brain injury have not yet been assessed. METHODS We recruited and performed follow-up for a prospective observational cohort, Genetic Architecture of Radiotherapy Toxicity and Prognosis, using magnetic resonance imaging for TLI diagnosis. We conducted genome-wide association analysis in 1082 patients and validated the top associations in two independent cohorts of 1119 and 741 patients, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS We identified a promoter variant rs17111237 (A > G, minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.14) in CEP128 associated with TLI risk (hazard ratio = 1.45, 95% confidence interval = 1.26 to 1.66, Pcombined=3.18 × 10-7) which is in moderate linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs162171 (MAF = 0.18, R2 = 0.69), the top signal in CEP128 (hazard ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval = 1.29-1.66, Pcombined= 6.17 × 10-9). Combining the clinical variables with the top SNP, we divided the patients into different subgroups with varying risk with 5-year TLI-free rates ranging from 33.7% to 95.5%. CEP128, a key component of mother centriole, tightly interacts with multiple radiation-resistant genes and plays an important role in maintaining the functional cilia, which otherwise will lead to a malfunction of the neural network. We found that A > G alteration at rs17111237 impaired the promoter activity of CEP128 and knockdown of CEP128 decreased the clonogenic cell survival of U87 cells under radiation. Noteworthy, 12.7% (27/212) of the GWAS-based associated genes (P < .001) were enriched in the neurogenesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS This three-stage study is the first GWAS of radiation-induced brain injury that implicates the genetic susceptibility gene CEP128 involved in TLI development and provides the novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
| | - Jiang-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Zhu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-De Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbing Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Unit on Statistical Genomics, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Wei-Hua Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence to: Wei-Hua Jia, PhD, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China (e-mail: )
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Tsai JJ, Hsu WB, Liu JH, Chang CW, Tang TK. CEP120 interacts with C2CD3 and Talpid3 and is required for centriole appendage assembly and ciliogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6037. [PMID: 30988386 PMCID: PMC6465297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomal protein 120 (CEP120) was originally identified as a daughter centriole-enriched protein that participates in centriole elongation. Recent studies showed that CEP120 gene mutations cause complex ciliopathy phenotypes in humans, including Joubert syndrome and Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, suggesting that CEP120 plays an additional role in ciliogenesis. To investigate the potential roles of CEP120 in centriole elongation and cilia formation, we knocked out the CEP120 gene in p53-deficient RPE1 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system, and performed various analyses. We herein report that loss of CEP120 produces short centrioles with no apparent distal and subdistal appendages. CEP120 knockout was also associated with defective centriole elongation, impaired recruitment of C2CD3 and Talpid3 to the distal ends of centrioles, and consequent defects in centriole appendage assembly and cilia formation. Interestingly, wild-type CEP120 interacts with C2CD3 and Talpid3, whereas a disease-associated CEP120 mutant (I975S) has a low affinity for C2CD3 binding and perturbs cilia assembly. Together, our findings reveal a novel role of CEP120 in ciliogenesis by showing that it interacts with C2CD3 and Talpid3 to assemble centriole appendages and by illuminating the molecular mechanism through which the CEP120 (I975S) mutation causes complex ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Jie Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hua Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kashihara H, Chiba S, Kanno SI, Suzuki K, Yano T, Tsukita S. Cep128 associates with Odf2 to form the subdistal appendage of the centriole. Genes Cells 2019; 24:231-243. [PMID: 30623524 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mother centriole in a cell has two appendages, the distal appendage (DA) and subdistal appendage (SDA), which have roles in generating cilia and organizing the cellular microtubular network, respectively. In the knockout (KO) cells of Odf2, the component of the DA and SDA, both appendages simultaneously disappear. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the DA and SDA form independently but close to each other downstream of Odf2 are unknown. Here, using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM), we found that the signal for GFP-tagged Odf2 overlapped considerably with that of immunofluorescently labeled Cep128. We further found that Cep128 knockdown (KD) caused the dissociation of other SDA components from the centriole, including centriolin, Ndel1, ninein and Cep170, whereas Odf2 was still associated with the centriole. In contrast, the DA components remained associated with the centriole in Cep128 KD cells. Consistent with this observation, we identified Cep128 as an Odf2-interacting protein by immunoprecipitation. Taken with the finding that Cep128 deletion decreased the stability of centriolar microtubules, our results indicate that Cep128 associates with Odf2 in the hierarchical assembly of SDA components to elicit the microtubule-organizing function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Kanno
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Wang B, Jia X, Yao Q, Li Q, He W, Li L, Song R, Zhang J, Zhang JA. CEP128 is a crucial risk locus for autoimmune thyroid diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 480:97-106. [PMID: 30393005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) mainly includes Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and its pathogenesis is not clearly defined. This study was designed to explore risk loci for AITD. Genome-wide genetic data were analyzed to identify important risk loci for GD, and a case-control study with 845 AITD patients and 694 healthy controls was also conducted. The functional role of possible risk loci for GD was explored by analyzing the correlations of Centrosomal protein 128 (CEP128) expression level with intrathyroidal immune cells and key genes for candidate immune cells in GD thyroid tissues. CEP128 was identified as an important risk locus for GD in the genome-wide genetic analysis, and it was located near TSHR without obvious linkage disequilibrium with TSHR. Two tag single-nucleotide variants in CEP128 including a missense variant rs327463 were substantially related to genetic predisposition to GD and HT in the case-control study. CEP128 rs327463 was substantially related to GD under the allele model (OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.08-1.59, P = 0.006) and the dominant model (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.09-1.72, P = 0.008), and it was related to HT under the recessive model (OR = 1.85, P = 0.031) and the homozygous model (OR = 1.91, P = 0.025). Moreover, CEP128 was substantially correlated with the frequencies of T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell and M1 macrophages in GD tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that CEP128 was related to several common immune pathways involved in GD pathogenesis, such as interferon-γ mediated signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. This study highlight the crucial role of CEP128 in the pathogenesis of GD, and polymorphisms in CEP128 contribute to genetic predisposition to both GD and HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ronghua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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46
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Nishimura Y, Kasahara K, Shiromizu T, Watanabe M, Inagaki M. Primary Cilia as Signaling Hubs in Health and Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801138. [PMID: 30643718 PMCID: PMC6325590 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia detect extracellular cues and transduce these signals into cells to regulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Here, the function of primary cilia as signaling hubs of growth factors and morphogens is in focus. First, the molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly and disassembly of primary cilia are described. Then, the role of primary cilia in mediating growth factor and morphogen signaling to maintain human health and the potential mechanisms by which defects in these pathways contribute to human diseases, such as ciliopathy, obesity, and cancer are described. Furthermore, a novel signaling pathway by which certain growth factors stimulate cell proliferation through suppression of ciliogenesis is also described, suggesting novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Nishimura
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Takashi Shiromizu
- Department of Integrative PharmacologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masatoshi Watanabe
- Department of Oncologic PathologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of PhysiologyMie University Graduate School of MedicineTsuMie514‐8507Japan
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Baehr W, Hanke-Gogokhia C, Sharif A, Reed M, Dahl T, Frederick JM, Ying G. Insights into photoreceptor ciliogenesis revealed by animal models. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 71:26-56. [PMID: 30590118 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are polarized neurons, with very specific subcellular compartmentalization and unique requirements for protein expression and trafficking. Each photoreceptor contains an outer segment, the site of photon capture that initiates vision, an inner segment that houses the biosynthetic machinery and a synaptic terminal for signal transmission to downstream neurons. Outer segments and inner segments are connected by a connecting cilium (CC), the equivalent of a transition zone (TZ) of primary cilia. The connecting cilium is part of the basal body/axoneme backbone that stabilizes the outer segment. This report will update the reader on late developments in photoreceptor ciliogenesis and transition zone formation, specifically in mouse photoreceptors, focusing on early events in photoreceptor ciliogenesis. The connecting cilium, an elongated and narrow structure through which all outer segment proteins and membrane components must traffic, functions as a gate that controls access to the outer segment. Here we will review genes and their protein products essential for basal body maturation and for CC/TZ genesis, sorted by phenotype. Emphasis is given to naturally occurring mouse mutants and gene knockouts that interfere with CC/TZ formation and ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Baehr
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
| | - Christin Hanke-Gogokhia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Michelle Reed
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Tiffanie Dahl
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Jeanne M Frederick
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Guoxin Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
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48
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Trafficking of ciliary membrane proteins by the intraflagellar transport/BBSome machinery. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:753-763. [PMID: 30287585 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20180030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare inherited disease caused by defects in the BBSome, an octameric complex of BBS proteins. The BBSome is conserved in most organisms with cilia, which are microtubule (MT)-based cell organelles that protrude from the cell surface and function in motility and sensing. Cilia assembly, maintenance, and function require intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional motility of multi-megadalton IFT trains propelled by molecular motors along the ciliary MTs. IFT has been shown to transport structural proteins, including tubulin, into growing cilia. The BBSome is an adapter for the transport of ciliary membrane proteins and cycles through cilia via IFT. While both the loss and the abnormal accumulation of ciliary membrane proteins have been observed in bbs mutants, recent data converge on a model where the BBSome mainly functions as a cargo adapter for the removal of certain transmembrane and peripheral membrane proteins from cilia. Here, we review recent data on the ultrastructure of the BBSome and how the BBSome recognizes its cargoes and mediates their removal from cilia.
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49
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Johnson GP, Stavenschi E, Eichholz KF, Corrigan MA, Fair S, Hoey DA. Mesenchymal stem cell mechanotransduction is cAMP dependent and regulated by adenylyl cyclase 6 and the primary cilium. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.222737. [PMID: 30301777 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical loading is a potent stimulus of bone adaptation, requiring the replenishment of the osteoblast from a progenitor population. One such progenitor is the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), which undergoes osteogenic differentiation in response to oscillatory fluid shear. Yet, the mechanism mediating stem cell mechanotransduction, and thus the potential to target this therapeutically, is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that MSCs utilise cAMP as a second messenger in mechanotransduction, which is required for flow-mediated increases in osteogenic gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this mechanosignalling is dependent on the primary cilium and the ciliary localised adenylyl cyclase 6. Finally, we also demonstrate that this mechanotransduction mechanism can be targeted therapeutically to enhance cAMP signalling and early osteogenic signalling, mimicking the beneficial effect of physical loading. Our findings therefore demonstrate a novel mechanism of MSC mechanotransduction that can be targeted therapeutically, demonstrating a potential mechanotherapeutic for bone-loss diseases such as osteoporosis.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian P Johnson
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 DK07, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 PH61, Ireland.,Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 DK07, Ireland
| | - Kian F Eichholz
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 DK07, Ireland
| | - Michele A Corrigan
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 DK07, Ireland
| | - Sean Fair
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D02 R590, Ireland .,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02 DK07, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 PH61, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin 2 D02 VN51, Ireland
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50
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Morthorst SK, Christensen ST, Pedersen LB. Regulation of ciliary membrane protein trafficking and signalling by kinesin motor proteins. FEBS J 2018; 285:4535-4564. [PMID: 29894023 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are antenna-like sensory organelles that regulate a substantial number of cellular signalling pathways in vertebrates, both during embryonic development as well as in adulthood, and mutations in genes coding for ciliary proteins are causative of an expanding group of pleiotropic diseases known as ciliopathies. Cilia consist of a microtubule-based axoneme core, which is subtended by a basal body and covered by a bilayer lipid membrane of unique protein and lipid composition. Cilia are dynamic organelles, and the ability of cells to regulate ciliary protein and lipid content in response to specific cellular and environmental cues is crucial for balancing ciliary signalling output. Here we discuss mechanisms involved in regulation of ciliary membrane protein trafficking and signalling, with main focus on kinesin-2 and kinesin-3 family members.
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