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Xie K, Ning C, Yang A, Zhang Q, Wang D, Fan X. Resequencing Analyses Revealed Genetic Diversity and Selection Signatures during Rabbit Breeding and Improvement. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:433. [PMID: 38674368 PMCID: PMC11049387 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestication has shaped the diverse characteristics of rabbits, including coat color, fur structure, body size, and various physiological traits. Utilizing whole-genome resequencing (DNBSEQ-T7), we analyzed the genetic diversity, population structure, and genomic selection across 180 rabbits from 17 distinct breeds to uncover the genetic basis of these traits. We conducted whole-genome sequencing on 17 rabbit breeds, identifying 17,430,184 high-quality SNPs and analyzing genomic diversity, patterns of genomic variation, population structure, and selection signatures related to coat color, coat structure, long hair, body size, reproductive capacity, and disease resistance. Through PCA and NJ tree analyses, distinct clusters emerged among Chinese indigenous rabbits, suggesting varied origins and domestication histories. Selective sweep testing pinpointed regions and genes linked to domestication and key morphological and economic traits, including those affecting coat color (TYR, ASIP), structure (LIPH), body size (INSIG2, GLI3), fertility (EDNRA, SRD5A2), heat stress adaptation (PLCB1), and immune response (SEC31A, CD86, LAP3). Our study identified key genomic signatures of selection related to traits such as coat color, fur structure, body size, and fertility; these findings highlight the genetic basis underlying phenotypic diversification in rabbits and have implications for breeding programs aiming to improve productive, reproductive, and adaptive traits. The detected genomic signatures of selection also provide insights into rabbit domestication and can aid conservation efforts for indigenous breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
| | - Chao Ning
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (C.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (C.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China; (C.N.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Xinzhong Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;
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2
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Ramachandran K, Futtner CR, Sommars MA, Quattrocelli M, Omura Y, Fruzyna E, Wang JC, Waldeck NJ, Senagolage MD, Telles CG, Demonbreun AR, Prendergast E, Lai N, Arango D, Bederman IR, McNally EM, Barish GD. Transcriptional programming of translation by BCL6 controls skeletal muscle proteostasis. Nat Metab 2024; 6:304-322. [PMID: 38337096 PMCID: PMC10949880 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is dynamically controlled by the balance of protein synthesis and degradation. Here we discover an unexpected function for the transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) in muscle proteostasis and strength in mice. Skeletal muscle-specific Bcl6 ablation in utero or in adult mice results in over 30% decreased muscle mass and force production due to reduced protein synthesis and increased autophagy, while it promotes a shift to a slower myosin heavy chain fibre profile. Ribosome profiling reveals reduced overall translation efficiency in Bcl6-ablated muscles. Mechanistically, tandem chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcriptomic and translational analyses identify direct BCL6 repression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (Eif4ebp1) and activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) and androgen receptor (Ar). Together, these results uncover a bifunctional role for BCL6 in the transcriptional and translational control of muscle proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher R Futtner
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meredith A Sommars
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Omura
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen Fruzyna
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Janice C Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan J Waldeck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhavi D Senagolage
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carmen G Telles
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Prendergast
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicola Lai
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ilya R Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grant D Barish
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Wolpe AG, Luse MA, Baryiames C, Schug WJ, Wolpe JB, Johnstone SR, Dunaway LS, Juśkiewicz ZJ, Loeb SA, Askew Page HR, Chen YL, Sabapathy V, Pavelec CM, Wakefield B, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Artamonov MV, Somlyo AV, Straub AC, Sharma R, Beier F, Barrett EJ, Leitinger N, Pagano PJ, Sonkusare SK, Redemann S, Columbus L, Penuela S, Isakson BE. Pannexin-3 stabilizes the transcription factor Bcl6 in a channel-independent manner to protect against vascular oxidative stress. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg2622. [PMID: 38289985 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Targeted degradation regulates the activity of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6 and its ability to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. Here, we report that abundance of endothelial Bcl6 is determined by its interaction with Golgi-localized pannexin 3 (Panx3) and that Bcl6 transcriptional activity protects against vascular oxidative stress. Consistent with data from obese, hypertensive humans, mice with an endothelial cell-specific deficiency in Panx3 had spontaneous systemic hypertension without obvious changes in channel function, as assessed by Ca2+ handling, ATP amounts, or Golgi luminal pH. Panx3 bound to Bcl6, and its absence reduced Bcl6 protein abundance, suggesting that the interaction with Panx3 stabilized Bcl6 by preventing its degradation. Panx3 deficiency was associated with increased expression of the gene encoding the H2O2-producing enzyme Nox4, which is normally repressed by Bcl6, resulting in H2O2-induced oxidative damage in the vasculature. Catalase rescued impaired vasodilation in mice lacking endothelial Panx3. Administration of a newly developed peptide to inhibit the Panx3-Bcl6 interaction recapitulated the increase in Nox4 expression and in blood pressure seen in mice with endothelial Panx3 deficiency. Panx3-Bcl6-Nox4 dysregulation occurred in obesity-related hypertension, but not when hypertension was induced in the absence of obesity. Our findings provide insight into a channel-independent role of Panx3 wherein its interaction with Bcl6 determines vascular oxidative state, particularly under the adverse conditions of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G Wolpe
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Melissa A Luse
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | | | - Wyatt J Schug
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jacob B Wolpe
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zuzanna J Juśkiewicz
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Henry R Askew Page
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vikram Sabapathy
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Caitlin M Pavelec
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brent Wakefield
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mykhaylo V Artamonov
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Avril V Somlyo
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine (CIIR), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Eugene J Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Oncology (Division of Experimental Oncology), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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4
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García-López MÁ, Mora A, Corrales P, Pons T, Sánchez de Diego A, Talavera Gutiérrez A, van Wely KHM, Medina-Gómez G, Sabio G, Martínez-A C, Fischer T. DIDO is necessary for the adipogenesis that promotes diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2300096121. [PMID: 38194457 PMCID: PMC10801893 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300096121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to rise in the population worldwide. Because it is an important predisposing factor for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19, obesity reduces life expectancy. Adipose tissue (AT), the main fat storage organ with endocrine capacity, plays fundamental roles in systemic metabolism and obesity-related diseases. Dysfunctional AT can induce excess or reduced body fat (lipodystrophy). Dido1 is a marker gene for stemness; gene-targeting experiments compromised several functions ranging from cell division to embryonic stem cell differentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. We report that mutant mice lacking the DIDO N terminus show a lean phenotype. This consists of reduced AT and hypolipidemia, even when mice are fed a high-nutrient diet. DIDO mutation caused hypothermia due to lipoatrophy of white adipose tissue (WAT) and dermal fat thinning. Deep sequencing of the epididymal white fat (Epi WAT) transcriptome supported Dido1 control of the cellular lipid metabolic process. We found that, by controlling the expression of transcription factors such as C/EBPα or PPARγ, Dido1 is necessary for adipocyte differentiation, and that restoring their expression reestablished adipogenesis capacity in Dido1 mutants. Our model differs from other lipodystrophic mice and could constitute a new system for the development of therapeutic intervention in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles García-López
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mora
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Patricia Corrales
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon28922, Spain
| | - Tirso Pons
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Sánchez de Diego
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Amaia Talavera Gutiérrez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Karel H. M. van Wely
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon28922, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid28029, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-A
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
| | - Thierry Fischer
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Campus, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
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Wang Z, Zhu S, Jia Y, Wang Y, Kubota N, Fujiwara N, Gordillo R, Lewis C, Zhu M, Sharma T, Li L, Zeng Q, Lin YH, Hsieh MH, Gopal P, Wang T, Hoare M, Campbell P, Hoshida Y, Zhu H. Positive selection of somatically mutated clones identifies adaptive pathways in metabolic liver disease. Cell 2023; 186:1968-1984.e20. [PMID: 37040760 PMCID: PMC10321862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in nonmalignant tissues accumulate with age and injury, but whether these mutations are adaptive on the cellular or organismal levels is unclear. To interrogate genes in human metabolic disease, we performed lineage tracing in mice harboring somatic mosaicism subjected to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Proof-of-concept studies with mosaic loss of Mboat7, a membrane lipid acyltransferase, showed that increased steatosis accelerated clonal disappearance. Next, we induced pooled mosaicism in 63 known NASH genes, allowing us to trace mutant clones side by side. This in vivo tracing platform, which we coined MOSAICS, selected for mutations that ameliorate lipotoxicity, including mutant genes identified in human NASH. To prioritize new genes, additional screening of 472 candidates identified 23 somatic perturbations that promoted clonal expansion. In validation studies, liver-wide deletion of Tbx3, Bcl6, or Smyd2 resulted in protection against hepatic steatosis. Selection for clonal fitness in mouse and human livers identifies pathways that regulate metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Wang
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shijia Zhu
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuemeng Jia
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yunguan Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Tissue Management Shared Resource, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiyu Zeng
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Meng-Hsiung Hsieh
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Purva Gopal
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Matt Hoare
- University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; University of Cambridge Early Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Peter Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Children's Research Institute Mouse Genome Engineering Core, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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6
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Wang Z, Zhu S, Jia Y, Wang Y, Kubota N, Fujiwara N, Gordillo R, Lewis C, Zhu M, Sharma T, Li L, Zeng Q, Lin YH, Hsieh MH, Gopal P, Wang T, Hoare M, Campbell P, Hoshida Y, Zhu H. Positive selection of somatically mutated clones identifies adaptive pathways in metabolic liver disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533505. [PMID: 36993727 PMCID: PMC10055219 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in non-malignant tissues accumulate with age and insult, but whether these mutations are adaptive on the cellular or organismal levels is unclear. To interrogate mutations found in human metabolic disease, we performed lineage tracing in mice harboring somatic mosaicism subjected to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Proof-of-concept studies with mosaic loss of Mboat7 , a membrane lipid acyltransferase, showed that increased steatosis accelerated clonal disappearance. Next, we induced pooled mosaicism in 63 known NASH genes, allowing us to trace mutant clones side-by-side. This in vivo tracing platform, which we coined MOSAICS, selected for mutations that ameliorate lipotoxicity, including mutant genes identified in human NASH. To prioritize new genes, additional screening of 472 candidates identified 23 somatic perturbations that promoted clonal expansion. In validation studies, liver-wide deletion of Bcl6, Tbx3, or Smyd2 resulted in protection against NASH. Selection for clonal fitness in mouse and human livers identifies pathways that regulate metabolic disease. Highlights Mosaic Mboat7 mutations that increase lipotoxicity lead to clonal disappearance in NASH. In vivo screening can identify genes that alter hepatocyte fitness in NASH. Mosaic Gpam mutations are positively selected due to reduced lipogenesis. In vivo screening of transcription factors and epifactors identified new therapeutic targets in NASH.
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7
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Alur V, Raju V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kavatagimath S, Kotturshetti S. Bioinformatics Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data Identifies Molecular Biomarkers Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231155635. [PMID: 36844983 PMCID: PMC9944228 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231155635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder. The aim of the present investigation was to identify gene signature specific to T2DM. Methods The next generation sequencing (NGS) dataset GSE81608 was retrieved from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2DM and normal controls. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA (micro RNA)-hub gene regulatory network construction and TF (transcription factor)-hub gene regulatory network construction, and topological analysis were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was also performed to verify the prognostic value of hub genes. Results A total of 927 DEGs (461 were up regulated and 466 down regulated genes) were identified in T2DM. GO and REACTOME results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in protein metabolic process, establishment of localization, metabolism of proteins, and metabolism. The top centrality hub genes APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1 were screened out as the critical genes. ROC analysis provides prognostic value of hub genes. Conclusion The potential crucial genes, especially APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1, might be linked with risk of T2DM. Our study provided novel insights of T2DM into genetics, molecular pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Alur
- Department of Endocrinology, J.J.M
Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Varshita Raju
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, J.J.M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,
Chanabasava Nilaya, Dharwad, Karnataka, India,Chanabasayya Vastrad, Biostatistics and
Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad, Karnataka 580001,
India.
| | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E.
College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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8
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Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang C, Huang K, Zhao J, Le S, Jiang L, Liu H, Yang P, Xiao X, Yu J, Wu J, Ye P, Xia J. B-cell lymphoma 6 alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through suppression of fatty acid transporter CD36. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:359. [PMID: 35436984 PMCID: PMC9016081 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an ubiquitous disease that exists across a wide spectrum ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and liver cirrhosis. Hallmarks of NAFLD are lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation. However, there currently are no medications approved for NAFLD. B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional inhibitor that is vital for germinal center B-cell formation. Our study identified BCL6 as a critical modulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and appears to contribute to the initiation and progression of NAFLD. In our research, we induced hepatic BCL6 overexpression using adeno-associated virus (AAV), as well as conditional liver-specific BCL6 knockout mice (BCL6-CKO). With these models, we noted that BCL6 overexpression improved insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice models maintained on a HFD diet. Conversely, these parameters worsened in the livers of mice with downregulated BCL6 levels. Mechanistically, the translocase fatty acid CD36 was determined to be a transcriptional target of BCL6 that influences its role in hepatic steatosis. BCL6 bound directly to the CD36 promoter region, restraining CD36 transcription under physiological conditions. We conclude that the hepatocyte BCL6 inhibits the NAFLD progression in mice, including deranged lipid accumulation and glucose metabolism, through a CD36-dependent manner. These results indicate that BCL6 may potentially be targeted in NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Le
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwen Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Richard AJ, Hang H, Allerton TD, Zhao P, Mendoza T, Ghosh S, Elks CM, Stephens JM. Loss of Adipocyte STAT5 Confers Increased Depot-Specific Adiposity in Male and Female Mice That Is Not Associated With Altered Adipose Tissue Lipolysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:812802. [PMID: 35464049 PMCID: PMC9022209 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.812802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STATs (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) 5A and 5B are induced during adipocyte differentiation and are primarily activated by growth hormone (GH) and prolactin in fat cells. Previous studies in mice lacking adipocyte GH receptor or STAT5 support their roles in lipolysis-mediated reduction of adipose tissue mass. Male and female mice harboring adipocyte-specific deletion of both STAT5 genes (STAT5AKO) exhibit increased subcutaneous or inguinal adipose tissue mass, but no changes in visceral or gonadal fat mass. Both depots display substantial increases in adipocyte size with no changes in lipolysis in adipose tissue explants. RNA sequencing analysis of subcutaneous adipose tissue and indirect calorimetry experiments reveal sex-dependent differences in adipose gene expression and whole-body energy expenditure, respectively, resulting from the loss of adipocyte STAT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Richard
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Hardy Hang
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Timothy D. Allerton
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Peng Zhao
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Tamra Mendoza
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carrie M. Elks
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacqueline M. Stephens,
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10
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Salisbury DA, Casero D, Zhang Z, Wang D, Kim J, Wu X, Vergnes L, Mirza AH, Leon-Mimila P, Williams KJ, Huertas-Vazquez A, Jaffrey SR, Reue K, Chen J, Sallam T. Transcriptional regulation of N 6-methyladenosine orchestrates sex-dimorphic metabolic traits. Nat Metab 2021; 3:940-953. [PMID: 34282353 PMCID: PMC8422857 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Males and females exhibit striking differences in the prevalence of metabolic traits including hepatic steatosis, a key driver of cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. RNA methylation is a widespread regulatory mechanism of transcript turnover. Here, we show that presence of the RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) triages lipogenic transcripts for degradation and guards against hepatic triglyceride accumulation. In male but not female mice, this protective checkpoint stalls under lipid-rich conditions. Loss of m6A control in male livers increases hepatic triglyceride stores, leading to a more 'feminized' hepatic lipid composition. Crucially, liver-specific deletion of the m6A complex protein Mettl14 from male and female mice significantly diminishes sex-specific differences in steatosis. We further surmise that the m6A installing machinery is subject to transcriptional control by the sex-responsive BCL6-STAT5 axis in response to dietary conditions. These data show that m6A is essential for precise and synchronized control of lipogenic enzyme activity and provide insights into the molecular basis for the existence of sex-specific differences in hepatic lipid traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Salisbury
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Casero
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jason Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aashiq H Mirza
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paola Leon-Mimila
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kevin J Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samie R Jaffrey
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Sadras T, Chan LN, Xiao G, Müschen M. Metabolic Gatekeepers of Pathological B Cell Activation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:323-349. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-061020-050135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unlike other cell types, B cells undergo multiple rounds of V(D)J recombination and hypermutation to evolve high-affinity antibodies. Reflecting high frequencies of DNA double-strand breaks, adaptive immune protection by B cells comes with an increased risk of malignant transformation. In addition, the vast majority of newly generated B cells express an autoreactive B cell receptor (BCR). Thus, B cells are under intense selective pressure to remove autoreactive and premalignant clones. Despite stringent negative selection, B cells frequently give rise to autoimmune disease and B cell malignancies. In this review, we discuss mechanisms that we term metabolic gatekeepers to eliminate pathogenic B cell clones on the basis of energy depletion. Chronic activation signals from autoreactive BCRs or transforming oncogenes increase energy demands in autoreactive and premalignant B cells. Thus, metabolic gatekeepers limit energy supply to levels that are insufficient to fuel either a transforming oncogene or hyperactive signaling from an autoreactive BCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sadras
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Lai N. Chan
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Current affiliation: Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Markus Müschen
- Center of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Yale Cancer Center, and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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12
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Nanduri R. Epigenetic Regulators of White Adipocyte Browning. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:3. [PMID: 34968255 PMCID: PMC8594687 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play an essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis in mammals. The primary function of white adipose tissue (WAT) is to store energy; for brown adipose tissue (BAT), primary function is to release fats in the form of heat. Dysfunctional or excess WAT can induce metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. Preadipocytes or adipocytes from WAT possess sufficient plasticity as they can transdifferentiate into brown-like beige adipocytes. Studies in both humans and rodents showed that brown and beige adipocytes could improve metabolic health and protect from metabolic disorders. Brown fat requires activation via exposure to cold or β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonists to protect from hypothermia. Considering the fact that the usage of β-AR agonists is still in question with their associated side effects, selective induction of WAT browning is therapeutically important instead of activating of BAT. Hence, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing white adipocyte browning is vital. At the same time, it is also essential to understand the factors that define white adipocyte identity and inhibit white adipocyte browning. This literature review is a comprehensive and focused update on the epigenetic regulators crucial for differentiation and browning of white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a functional biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have demonstrated that PAI-1 is a mechanistic contributor to several elements of the syndrome, including obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. Here we show that PAI-1 is also a critical regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. RNA sequencing revealed that PAI-1 directly regulates the transcriptional expression of numerous genes involved in mammalian lipid homeostasis, including PCSK9 and FGF21. Pharmacologic or genetic reductions in plasma PAI-1 activity ameliorates hyperlipidemia in vivo. These experimental findings are complemented with the observation that genetic deficiency of PAI-1 is associated with reduced plasma PCSK9 levels in humans. Taken together, our findings identify PAI-1 as a novel contributor to mammalian lipid metabolism and provides a fundamental mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of one of the most pervasive medical problems worldwide.
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14
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Potential physio-pathological effects of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids. Biochimie 2021; 182:13-22. [PMID: 33412159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Branched Fatty Acid Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs) are a new endogenous lipid class with recently uncovered interesting biological effects and which have been detected in food of plant and animal origins. Some FAHFAs can improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, stimulate insulin secretion, and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Other beneficial health effects have also been suggested, in particular against some cancers. FAHFAs could therefore be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of numerous metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers. Their recent discovery has generated a great interest in the field of human health. This short review aims at bringing together the information available to date in the literature concerning their chemical synthesis, biosynthesis and degradation pathways as well as their potential physio-pathological beneficial effects.
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15
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Desoye G, Herrera E. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101082. [PMID: 33383022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - E Herrera
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Song T, Yang Y, Jiang S, Peng J. Novel Insights into Adipogenesis from the Perspective of Transcriptional and RNA N6-Methyladenosine-Mediated Post-Transcriptional Regulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001563. [PMID: 33173729 PMCID: PMC7610318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor causing the development of metabolic diseases and cancers. Its increasing prevalence worldwide has aroused great concerns of the researchers on adipose development and metabolic function. During adipose expansion, adipogenesis is a way to store lipids as well as to avoid lipotoxicity in other tissues, and may be an approach to offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity. In this Review, the transcriptional regulation of adipogenesis is outlined to characterize numerous biological processes in research on the determination of adipocyte fate and regulation of adipogenic differentiation. Notably, one of the post-transcriptional modifications of mRNA, namely, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), has been recently found to play a role in adipogenesis. Here, the roles of m6A-related enzymes and proteins in adipogenesis, with a particular focus on how these m6A-related proteins function at different stages of adipogenesis, are mainly discussed. The Review also highlights the coordination role of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional (RNA m6A methylation) regulation in adipogenesis and related biological processes. In this context, a better understanding of adipogenesis at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels may facilitate the development of novel strategies to improve metabolic health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxing Song
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
- Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction Ministry of EducationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan430070China
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17
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Singhal NS, Bai M, Lee EM, Luo S, Cook KR, Ma DK. Cytoprotection by a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 in Arctic ground squirrel neural progenitor cells. eLife 2020; 9:55578. [PMID: 33050999 PMCID: PMC7671683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many organisms in nature have evolved mechanisms to tolerate severe hypoxia or ischemia, including the hibernation-capable Arctic ground squirrel (AGS). Although hypoxic or ischemia tolerance in AGS involves physiological adaptations, little is known about the critical cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic AGS cell resilience to metabolic stress. Through cell survival-based cDNA expression screens in neural progenitor cells, we identify a genetic variant of AGS Atp5g1 that confers cell resilience to metabolic stress. Atp5g1 encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase. Ectopic expression in mouse cells and CRISPR/Cas9 base editing of endogenous AGS loci revealed causal roles of one AGS-specific amino acid substitution in mediating cytoprotection by AGS ATP5G1. AGS ATP5G1 promotes metabolic stress resilience by modulating mitochondrial morphological change and metabolic functions. Our results identify a naturally occurring variant of ATP5G1 from a mammalian hibernator that critically contributes to intrinsic cytoprotection against metabolic stress. When animals hibernate, they lower their body temperature and metabolism to conserve the energy they need to withstand cold harsh winters. One such animal is the Arctic ground squirrel, an extreme hibernator that can drop its body temperatures to below 0°C. This hibernation ability means the cells of Arctic ground squirrels can survive severe shortages of blood and oxygen. But, it is unclear how their cells are able to endure this metabolic stress. To answer this question, Singhal, Bai et al. studied the cells of Arctic ground squirrels for unique features that might make them more durable to stress. Examining the genetic code of these resilient cells revealed that Arctic ground squirrels may have a variant form of a protein called ATP5G1. This protein is found in a cellular compartment called the mitochondria, which is responsible for supplying energy to the rest of the cell and therefore plays an important role in metabolic processes. Singhal, Bai et al. found that when this variant form of ATP5G1 was introduced into the cells of mice, their mitochondria was better at coping with stress conditions, such as low oxygen, low temperature and poisoning. Using a gene editing tool to selectively substitute some of the building blocks, also known as amino acids, that make up the ATP5G1 protein revealed that improvements to the mitochondria were caused by switching specific amino acids. However, swapping these amino acids, which presumably affects the role of ATP5G1, did not completely remove the cells’ resilience to stress. This suggests that variants of other genes and proteins may also be involved in providing protection. These findings provide the first evidence of a protein variant that is responsible for protecting cells during the metabolic stress conditions caused by hibernation. The approach taken by Singhal, Bai et al. could be used to identify and study other proteins that increase resilience to metabolic stress. These findings could help develop new treatments for diseases caused by a limited blood supply to human organs, such as a stroke or heart attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel S Singhal
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Meirong Bai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Evan M Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Shuo Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kayleigh R Cook
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Dengke K Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, United States
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18
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Brejchova K, Balas L, Paluchova V, Brezinova M, Durand T, Kuda O. Understanding FAHFAs: From structure to metabolic regulation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101053. [PMID: 32735891 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) in humans draw attention of many researches to their biological effects. Although FAHFAs were originally discovered in insects and plants, their introduction into the mammalian realm opened new horizons in bioactive lipid research. Hundreds of isomers from different families have been identified so far and their role in (patho) physiological processes is currently being explored. The family of palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), especially 5-PAHSA and 9-PAHSA regioisomers, stands out in the crowd of other FAHFAs for their anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. Beneficial effects of PAHSAs have been linked to metabolic disorders such as type 1 and type 2 diabetes, colitis, and chronic inflammation. Besides PAHSAs, a growing family of polyunsaturated FAHFAs exerts mainly immunomodulatory effects and biological roles of many other FAHFAs remain currently unknown. Therefore, FAHFAs represent unique lipid messengers capable of affecting many immunometabolic processes. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge concerning the diversity of FAHFAs, nomenclature, and their analysis and detection. Special attention is paid to the total syntheses of FAHFAs, optimal strategies, and to the formation of the stereocenter required for optically active molecules. Biosynthetic pathways of saturated and polyunsaturated FAHFAs in mammals and plants are reviewed together with their metabolism and degradation. Moreover, an overview of biological effects of branched FAHFAs is provided and many unanswered questions regarding FAHFAs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Brejchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Balas
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Veronika Paluchova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Brezinova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
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19
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Liver-specific knockout of B cell lymphoma 6 suppresses progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9704. [PMID: 32546802 PMCID: PMC7297717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rapidly increases with metabolic disorders such as dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure, and hyperglycaemia. B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6), a transcriptional repressor, is essential for the formation of germinal centre B cells. In this study, we analysed the role of Bcl6 in NASH progression-associated pathological changes, such as hepatic lipid accumulation, liver fibrosis, and hepatocarcinogenesis. The roles of Bcl6 in NASH were analysed using liver-specific Bcl6 knockout (Bcl6-LKO) and control wild-type (WT) mice. The murine NASH model was established by feeding the mice with choline-deficient, L-amino-acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD). Feeding the WT mice with CDAHFD for 7 weeks induced the formation of histopathological features resembling human NASH, such as hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. These histopathological changes were significantly attenuated in Bcl6-LKO mice. Additionally, feeding the male WT mice with CDAHFD for 38 weeks induced the formation of liver tumours, which was suppressed in Bcl6-LKO mice. These findings indicate that Bcl6 is involved in the progression of NASH and NASH-derived tumours.
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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BCL6 regulates brown adipocyte dormancy to maintain thermogenic reserve and fitness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17071-17080. [PMID: 31375635 PMCID: PMC6708354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907308116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During exposure to environmental cold, brown adipocytes protect against hypothermia by generating heat (thermogenesis). In warm environments, brown adipocytes become inactive or dormant but still maintain their identity and thermogenic capacity, allowing rapid reactivation of thermogenesis upon subsequent cold exposure. Our understanding of the dormant state and its regulation is very limited. Here, we show that the transcription factor B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is specifically required for maintenance of thermogenic capacity during dormancy in brown adipocytes. Mechanistically, BCL6 drives a gene expression program that promotes survival, fatty acid oxidation, and uncoupled respiration. Thus, unlike other transcription factors that regulate cold-induced thermogenesis, BCL6 is specifically required for maintaining thermogenic fitness during adaptation to environmental warmth. Brown adipocytes provide a metabolic defense against environmental cold but become dormant as mammals habituate to warm environments. Although dormancy is a regulated response in brown adipocytes to environmental warmth, its transcriptional mechanisms and functional importance are unknown. Here, we identify B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) as a critical regulator of dormancy in brown adipocytes but not for their commitment, differentiation, or cold-induced activation. In a temperature-dependent manner, BCL6 suppresses apoptosis, fatty acid storage, and coupled respiration to maintain thermogenic fitness during dormancy. Mechanistically, BCL6 remodels the epigenome of brown adipocytes to enforce brown and oppose white adipocyte cellular identity. Thus, unlike other thermogenic regulators, BCL6 is specifically required for maintaining thermogenic fitness when mammals acclimate to environmental warmth.
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Li X, Zhu Q, Wang W, Qi J, He Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wu H, Ding Y, Sun Y. Elevated chemerin induces insulin resistance in human granulosa-lutein cells from polycystic ovary syndrome patients. FASEB J 2019; 33:11303-11313. [PMID: 31311314 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802829r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The insulin resistance (IR) of ovarian granulosa cells from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) aggravates the abnormalities in steroidogenesis and anovulation, and chemerin is an adipokine involved in regulating adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. The role and underlying mechanism of chemerin in developing IR of the granulosa cells from PCOS remain unclear. Plasma, follicular fluid, and human granulosa-lutein cells (hGLs) were collected from non-PCOS and patients with PCOS with or without IR. The chemerin levels were elevated in both follicular fluid and hGL samples from patients with PCOS with IR, and the hGLs from patients with PCOS with IR showed decreased insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose uptake capacity. Moreover, treatment of chemerin attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by decreasing phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1/2 Tyr612, phosphorylation of protein kinase B Ser473, and membrane translocation of glucose transporter type 4 through increasing Ser307 phosphorylation of IRS1 in cultured hGLs. These effects could be abolished by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of chemokine-like receptor 1. Furthermore, insulin induced the expression of chemerin in hGLs. Our findings demonstrate a novel role of chemerin in the metabolic dysfunction of PCOS, which suggested that chemerin and its receptor can be further implicated as potential therapeutic targets in the future treatment of PCOS.-Li, X., Zhu, Q., Wang, W., Qi, J., He, Y., Wang, Y., Lu, Y., Wu, H., Ding, Y., Sun, Y. Elevated chemerin induces insulin resistance in human granulosa-lutein cells from polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinling Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangsheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqiong He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Hasiximuke Wu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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