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Lin Y, Yan GJ, Liu MY, Cao Y, Zhang K, Wang N, Long FL, Mao DW. Review of the potential value of serum interleukin levels as prognostic biomarkers of liver failure. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:6045-6056. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i27.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver failure (LF) is prevalent in China and is characterized by complex pathogenesis, challenging clinical management, poor prognosis, and rising incidence and mortality rates. The immune status is an important factor affecting LF prognosis. Interleukins (Ils) are a type of cytokine that act and interact with multiple cells, including immune cells. These signaling molecules play important roles in intercellular information transmission, including the regulation of immune cells; mediation of the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of T and B cells; and orchestration of the inflammatory response. To date, many studies have explored the correlation between IL expression and liver disease prognosis, but few studies have evaluated Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF. This article reviews the potential use of Ils as the prognostic biomarkers of LF. Particularly, it evaluates the predictive values of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-31, the three often overlooked yet promising prognostic biomarkers, in predicting susceptibility to LF. Harnessing biomarkers for early prognostic insights can facilitate tailored treatment strategies and enhance patient survival. Thus, this article focuses on the identification of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-33 as biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies on LF and reviews their role as biomarkers in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lin
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Geng-Jie Yan
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mei-Yan Liu
- Graduate School, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yin Cao
- Guangxi School of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fu-Li Long
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - De-Wen Mao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530023, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Jiang L, Lunding LP, Webber WS, Beckmann K, Azam T, Falkesgaard Højen J, Amo-Aparicio J, Dinarello A, Nguyen TT, Pessara U, Parera D, Orlicky DJ, Fischer S, Wegmann M, Dinarello CA, Li S. An antibody to IL-1 receptor 7 protects mice from LPS-induced tissue and systemic inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1427100. [PMID: 38983847 PMCID: PMC11231367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 Family, is a key mediator ofautoinflammatory diseases associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).High levels of IL-18 correlate with MAS and COVID-19 severity and mortality, particularly in COVID-19patients with MAS. As an inflammation inducer, IL-18 binds its receptor IL-1 Receptor 5 (IL-1R5), leadingto the recruitment of the co-receptor, IL-1 Receptor 7 (IL-1R7). This heterotrimeric complex subsequentlyinitiates downstream signaling, resulting in local and systemic inflammation. Methods We reported earlier the development of a novel humanized monoclonal anti-human IL-1R7 antibody whichspecifically blocks the activity of human IL-18 and its inflammatory signaling in human cell and wholeblood cultures. In the current study, we further explored the strategy of blocking IL-1R7 inhyperinflammation in vivo using animal models. Results We first identified an anti-mouse IL-1R7 antibody that significantly suppressed mouse IL-18 andlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IFNg production in mouse splenocyte and peritoneal cell cultures. Whenapplied in vivo, the antibody reduced Propionibacterium acnes and LPS-induced liver injury and protectedmice from tissue and systemic hyperinflammation. Importantly, anti-IL-1R7 significantly inhibited plasma,liver cell and spleen cell IFNg production. Also, anti-IL-1R7 downregulated plasma TNFa, IL-6, IL-1b,MIP-2 production and the production of the liver enzyme ALT. In parallel, anti-IL-1R7 suppressed LPSinducedinflammatory cell infiltration in lungs and inhibited the subsequent IFNg production andinflammation in mice when assessed using an acute lung injury model. Discussion Altogether, our data suggest that blocking IL-1R7 represents a potential therapeutic strategy to specificallymodulate IL-18-mediated hyperinflammation, warranting further investigation of its clinical application intreating IL-18-mediated diseases, including MAS and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lars P Lunding
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - William S Webber
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Tania Azam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jesper Falkesgaard Højen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesus Amo-Aparicio
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ulrich Pessara
- MAB Discovery GmbH, Polling, Germany
- IcanoMAB GmbH, Polling, Germany
| | - Daniel Parera
- MAB Discovery GmbH, Polling, Germany
- IcanoMAB GmbH, Polling, Germany
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephan Fischer
- MAB Discovery GmbH, Polling, Germany
- IcanoMAB GmbH, Polling, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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Vasques-Monteiro IML, Fernandes-da-Silva A, Miranda CS, Silva-Veiga FM, Daleprane JB, Souza-Mello V. Anti-steatotic effects of PPAR-alpha and gamma involve gut-liver axis modulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 585:112177. [PMID: 38373652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of PPARα and PPARγ activation (alone or in combination) on the gut-liver axis, emphasizing the integrity of the intestinal barrier and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a high saturated fat diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6J were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fat diet (HF) for ten weeks. Then, a four-week treatment started: HF-α (WY14643), HF-γ (low-dose pioglitazone), and HF-αγ (combination). RESULTS The HF caused overweight, insulin resistance, impaired gut-liver axis, and marked hepatic steatosis. Treatments reduced body mass, improved glucose homeostasis, and restored the gut microbiota diversity and intestinal barrier gene expression. Treatments also lowered the plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations and favored beta-oxidation genes, reducing macrophage infiltration and steatosis in the liver. CONCLUSION Treatment with PPAR agonists modulated the gut microbiota and rescued the integrity of the intestinal barrier, alleviating hepatic steatosis. These results show that these agonists can contribute to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Fernandes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolline Santos Miranda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Maria Silva-Veiga
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics (LEING), Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Brackman LC, Jung MS, Ogaga EI, Joshi N, Wroblewski LE, Piazuelo MB, Peek RM, Choksi YA, Algood HMS. IL-17RA-Mediated Epithelial Cell Activity Prevents Severe Inflammatory Response to Helicobacter pylori Infection. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:339-353. [PMID: 38639570 PMCID: PMC11066722 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative pathogen that colonizes the stomach, induces inflammation, and drives pathological changes in the stomach tissue, including gastric cancer. As the principal cytokine produced by Th17 cells, IL-17 mediates protective immunity against pathogens by inducing the activation and mobilization of neutrophils. Whereas IL-17A is largely produced by lymphocytes, the IL-17 receptor is expressed in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and hematopoietic cells. Loss of the IL-17RA in mice results in impaired antimicrobial responses to extracellular bacteria. In the context of H. pylori infection, this is compounded by extensive inflammation in Il17ra-/- mice. In this study, Foxa3creIl17rafl/fl (Il17raΔGI-Epi) and Il17rafl/fl (control) mice were used to test the hypothesis that IL-17RA signaling, specifically in epithelial cells, protects against severe inflammation after H. pylori infection. The data indicate that Il17raΔGI-Epi mice develop increased inflammation compared with controls. Despite reduced Pigr expression, levels of IgA increased in the gastric wash, suggesting significant increase in Ag-specific activation of the T follicular helper/B cell axis. Gene expression analysis of stomach tissues indicate that both acute and chronic responses are significantly increased in Il17raΔGI-Epi mice compared with controls. These data suggest that a deficiency of IL-17RA in epithelial cells is sufficient to drive chronic inflammation and hyperactivation of the Th17/T follicular helper/B cell axis but is not required for recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Furthermore, the data suggest that fibroblasts can produce chemokines in response to IL-17 and may contribute to H. pylori-induced inflammation through this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee C. Brackman
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew S. Jung
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Eseoghene I. Ogaga
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
| | - Nikhita Joshi
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt University, School of Biological Sciences, Nashville, TN
| | - Lydia E. Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Yash A. Choksi
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Holly M. Scott Algood
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Ye Q, Wang H, Chen Y, Zheng Y, Du Y, Ma C, Zhang Q. PANoptosis-like death in acute-on-chronic liver failure injury. Sci Rep 2024; 14:392. [PMID: 38172209 PMCID: PMC10764922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) involves several forms of cell death, such as pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, which consist of PANoptosis. To explore PANoptosis as a regulated cell death pathway in ACLF. Firstly, a bioinformatic strategy was used to observe the role of the PANoptosis pathway in ACLF and identify differentially expressed genes related to PANoptosis. Enrichment analysis showed that PANoptosis-related pathways were up-regulated in ACLF. We screened out BAX from the intersection of pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, and DEGs. Secondly, we screened articles from literature databases related to PANoptosis and liver failure, and specific forms of PANoptosis were reported in different experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Secondly, we established a model of ACLF using carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis, followed by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide joint acute attacks. A substantial release of inflammatory factors(IL-6, IL-18, TNFα, and IFNγ) and the key proteins of PANoptosis (NLRP3, CASP1, GSDMD, BAX, CASP8, CASP3, CASP7, and MLKL) were detected independently in the ACLF rats. Finally, we found that combining TNF-α/INF-γ inflammatory cytokines could induce L02 cells PANoptosis. Our study highlighted the potential role of ACLF and helps drug discovery targeting PANoptosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hanjing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yihao Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuqiong Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Chongyang Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Zhu JH, Guan XC, Yi LL, Xu H, Li QY, Cheng WJ, Xie YX, Li WZ, Zhao HY, Wei HJ, Zhao SM. Single-nucleus transcriptome sequencing reveals hepatic cell atlas in pigs. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:770. [PMID: 38087243 PMCID: PMC10717992 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the largest substantive organ of animals, the liver plays an essential role in the physiological processes of digestive metabolism and immune defense. However, the cellular composition of the pig liver remains poorly understood. This investigation used single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology to identify cell types from liver tissues of pigs, providing a theoretical basis for further investigating liver cell types in pigs. RESULTS The analysis revealed 13 cells clusters which were further identified 7 cell types including endothelial cells, T cells, hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, B cells, and cholangiocytes. The dominant cell types were endothelial cells, T cells and hepatocytes in the liver tissue of Dahe pigs and Dahe black pigs, which accounts for about 85.76% and 82.74%, respectively. The number of endothelial cells was higher in the liver tissue of Dahe pigs compared to Dahe black pigs, while the opposite tendency was observed for T cells. Moreover, functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic endothelial cells were significantly enriched in the protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK signaling pathway, and FoxO signaling pathway. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic T cells were significantly enriched in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes in pig hepatic hepatocytes were significantly enriched in the metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study provides a comprehensive cell atlas of porcine hepatic tissue. The number, gene expression level and functional characteristics of each cell type in pig liver tissue varied between breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xuan-Cheng Guan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lan-Lan Yi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Public Finance and Economics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, 650221, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wen-Jie Cheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Xie
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- College of Biology and Agriculture, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Wei
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Su-Mei Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Kim DH, Lee KJ, Park J, Chi S, Han J, Bang Y, Kim SM, Kang SG, Cha SH, Han YH. Disruption of IL-18 signaling via engineered IL-18BP biologics alleviates experimental cholestatic liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115587. [PMID: 37774670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by progressive inflammation and fibrosis around intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts leading to severe hepatic cirrhosis and high mortality. Although there is an urgent clinical unmet need for PSC, no effective medical therapy has been developed to delay the disease progression until today. IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) is well-known to be a natural negative feedback regulator for IL-18, and we have developed a recombinant long-acting IL-18BP referred to as APB-R3 as a therapeutic agent to treat IL-18-related inflammatory diseases. Here, we aimed to study whether disrupted IL-18 signaling by APB-R3 treatment can inhibit PSC injuries in the experimental DDC diet-induced PSC rodent model. First, we found that the amounts of free IL-18 are augmented under PSC condition with increased expression of biliary IL-18 receptors. Administration of APB-R3 effectively attenuated key diagnostic parameters of PSC such as plasma ALP and GGT levels as well as bile acids levels. We also observed that blockade of IL-18 suppressed ductular reactive and proliferative phenotypes of cholangiocytes. Additionally, APB-R3 significantly ameliorated DDC diet-induced periductal fibrosis and transcriptional expressions of pro-fibrotic marker genes. Enhanced senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers in cholestatic liver disease were diminished by APB-R3 treatment. Our findings clearly demonstrate that the administration of IL-18BP biologics, APB-R3, effectively alleviates DDC diet-induced biliary injuries in rodent PSC model, implying APB-R3 can be a promising therapeutic reagent which warrants clinical human trials as new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Jin Lee
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - JinJoo Park
- AprilBio Co., Ltd., Rm602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Susan Chi
- AprilBio Co., Ltd., Rm602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Jaekyu Han
- AprilBio Co., Ltd., Rm602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Yewon Bang
- AprilBio Co., Ltd., Rm602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Kim
- AprilBio Co., Ltd., Rm602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Sang-Hoon Cha
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; AprilBio Co., Ltd., Rm602, Biomedical Science Building, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
| | - Yong-Hyun Han
- Laboratory of Pathology and Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea; Multidimensional Genomics Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
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8
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Yang K, Du G, Liu J, Zhao S, Dong W. Gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3529-3547. [PMID: 36997773 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent issues in newborns is acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lengthen their hospital stay or potentially raise their chance of dying. The gut-kidney axis establishes a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and kidney illness, particularly AKI, and demonstrates the importance of gut microbiota to host health. Since the ability to predict neonatal AKI using blood creatinine and urine output as evaluation parameters is somewhat constrained, a number of interesting biomarkers have been developed. There are few in-depth studies on the relationships between these neonatal AKI indicators and gut microbiota. In order to gain fresh insights into the gut-kidney axis of neonatal AKI, this review is based on the gut-kidney axis and describes relationships between gut microbiota and neonatal AKI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Guoxia Du
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Tong L, Liu R, Yang Y, Zhao J, Ye S, Wang X, Qin Y. Ghrelin protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic injury via inhibiting Caspase-11-mediated noncanonical pyroptosis. Transpl Immunol 2023; 80:101888. [PMID: 37453584 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complication of liver transplantation. I/R-induced inflammatory cell death, namely, pyroptosis, that is triggered by overactive inflammasomes results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Hepatic I/R injury correlates with the activation of the Caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis pathway. We investigated whether ghrelin, which is a pleiotropic gut hormone, may have anti-hepatic I/R injury effects, but the mechanism by which Ghrelin ameliorates hepatic I/R -induced injury remains a mystery. METHODS Hepatic I/R injury was induced in a mouse model by clamping the left and right lobes of the liver for 90 min followed by reperfusion for 6 h, 12 h, or 24 h. As treatment, a saline with or without ghrelin was infused via the tail vain. Hepatocytes were isolated using a two-step collagenase liver perfusion method. RESULTS In our study, treatment with ghrelin protected against hepatic I/R injury as shown by decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p < 0.001) and reduced the histological injury in liver tissues compared with untreated controls. The LDH level of primary hepatocytes was increased by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), and it was then restored to normal levels by ghrelin-treatment (p < 0.05). Western blotting analysis showed that ghrelin significantly inhibited the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins, including Caspase-11, GSDMD-N, NLRP3 and HMGB1, both in vivo and in vitro (all p < 0.05) compared with the untreated controls. Immunofluorescence showed that the expression of Gasdamin D (GSDMD) in hepatocytes was increased after I/R or H/R, whereas GSDMD expression was reduced by ghrelin treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ghrelin ameliorated I/R-induced hepatic injury by inhibiting Caspase-11-mediated pyroptosis. Ghrelin may be a potential therapeutic option to prevent hepatic I/R injury after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linge Tong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Rengui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingyao Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Shengying Ye
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Da Li University, Dali, Yunnan, China.
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10
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Xu MY, Guo CC, Li MY, Lou YH, Chen ZR, Liu BW, Lan L. Brain-gut-liver axis: Chronic psychological stress promotes liver injury and fibrosis via gut in rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1040749. [PMID: 36579341 PMCID: PMC9791198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of chronic psychological stress on hepatitis and liver fibrosis is concerned. However, its mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effect and mechanism of chronic psychological stress in promoting liver injury and fibrosis through gut. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups. Rat models of chronic psychological stress (4 weeks) and liver fibrosis (8 weeks) were established. The diversity of gut microbiota in intestinal feces, permeability of intestinal mucosa, pathologies of intestinal and liver tissues, collagen fibers, protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κβ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in liver tissue, liver function and coagulation function in blood and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in portal vein blood were detected and analyzed. Results The diversities and abundances of gut microbiota were significant differences in rats among each group. The pathological lesions of intestinal and liver tissues, decreased expression of occludin protein in intestinal mucosa, deposition of collagen fibers and increased protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κβ, TNF-α and IL-1 in liver tissue, increased LPS level in portal vein blood, and abnormalities of liver function and coagulation function, were observed in rats exposed to chronic psychological stress or liver fibrosis. There were significant differences with normal rats. When the dual intervention factors of chronic psychological stress and liver fibrosis were superimposed, the above indicators were further aggravated. Conclusion Chronic psychological stress promotes liver injury and fibrosis, depending on changes in the diversity of gut microbiota and increased intestinal permeability caused by psychological stress, LPS that enters liver and acts on TLR4, and active LPS-TLR4 pathway depend on MyD88. It demonstrates the possibility of existence of brain-gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Can-Can Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jining No.1 People′s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu-Han Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo-Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ling Lan,
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11
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Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10040108. [PMID: 36412602 PMCID: PMC9680263 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) presents with an acute abnormality of liver blood tests in an individual without underlying chronic liver disease. The clinical course leads to the development of coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. The role of nutrition in its prevention and treatment remains uncertain. We aimed to review literature data on the concept of ALF and the role of nutrition in its treatment and prevention, considering the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis and eubiosis. We conducted a review of the literature on the main medical databases using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: liver failure, nutrition, branched-chain amino acids, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and probiotics. Upon their arrival at the emergency department, an early, accurate nutritional assessment is crucial for individuals with ALF. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), stable euglycemia maintenance, and moderate caloric support are crucial for this subset of patients. An excessive protein load must be avoided because it worsens hepatic encephalopathy. Preclinical evidence supports future probiotics use for ALF treatment/prevention. Nutritional support and treatment for ALF are crucial steps against patient morbidity and mortality. BCAAs and euglycemia remain the mainstay of nutritional treatment of ALF. Gut dysbiosis re-modulation has an emerging and natural-history changing impact on ALF.
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12
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Pandey SP, Bender MJ, McPherson AC, Phelps CM, Sanchez LM, Rana M, Hedden L, Sangani KA, Chen L, Shapira JH, Siller M, Goel C, Verdú EF, Jabri B, Chang A, Chandran UR, Mullett SJ, Wendell SG, Singhi AD, Tilstra JS, Pierre JF, Arteel GE, Hinterleitner R, Meisel M. Tet2 deficiency drives liver microbiome dysbiosis triggering Tc1 cell autoimmune hepatitis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1003-1019.e10. [PMID: 35658976 PMCID: PMC9841318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The triggers that drive interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing CD8 T cell (Tc1 cell)-mediated autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain obscure. Here, we show that lack of hematopoietic Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), an epigenetic regulator associated with autoimmunity, results in the development of microbiota-dependent AIH-like pathology, accompanied by hepatic enrichment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand-producing pathobionts and rampant Tc1 cell immunity. We report that AIH-like disease development is dependent on both IFNγ and AhR signaling, as blocking either reverts ongoing AIH-like pathology. Illustrating the critical role of AhR-ligand-producing pathobionts in this condition, hepatic translocation of the AhR ligand indole-3-aldehyde (I3A)-releasing Lactobacillus reuteri is sufficient to trigger AIH-like pathology. Finally, we demonstrate that I3A is required for L. reuteri-induced Tc1 cell differentiation in vitro and AIH-like pathology in vivo, both of which are restrained by Tet2 within CD8 T cells. This AIH-disease model may contribute to the development of therapeutics to alleviate AIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Pandey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Bender
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex C McPherson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelps
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohit Rana
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee Hedden
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kishan A Sangani
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jake H Shapira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Siller
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chhavi Goel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena F Verdú
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy S Tilstra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Yin R, Liu S, Jiang X, Zhang X, Wei F, Hu J. The Qingchangligan Formula Alleviates Acute Liver Failure by Regulating Galactose Metabolism and Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:771483. [PMID: 35127552 PMCID: PMC8807683 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.771483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Qingchangligan formula (QCLGF) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has significant clinical potential for patients with acute liver failure (ALF). However, the experimental evidence of the effect of QCLGF on ALF and the associated mechanisms remain elusive. We aimed to evaluate the function of QCLGF in ALF and the underlying mechanism. ALF was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (1100 mg/kg). The Qingchangligan formula was administered to the rats (6.725 g/kg · d) for 5 days, and the model group and the control group were given the same amount of physiological saline. Then 16S rRNA gene sequencing, high performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and RNA-seq analysis were performed on the samples. The levels of ALT and AST in the ALF rats were abnormal (5322.08 ± 566.27 U/L and 7655.95 ± 1238.08 U/L, respectively) compared with the normal control (98.98 ± 6.90 U/L and 99.63 ± 10.94 U/L, respectively). The levels of ALT and AST in the QCLGF rats (2997.67 ± 469.24 U/L and 4158.40 ± 596.07 U/L, respectively) were closer the normal control group. Liver HE staining showed that the degree of liver damage in the QCLGF rats was lighter than that in the ALF rats. The overall structure of the gut microbiota after ALF was significantly altered, including Proteobacteria, Blautia, Romboutsia, Parabacteroides, UCG-008, Parasutterella, Ruminococcus, norank_f:Lachnospiraceae, the Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group, Oscillibacter, and Eisenbergiella. QCLGF balanced the structure and abundance of intestinal flora. The levels of D(+)galactose, isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside and D-mannitol were lighter in the plasma of the ALF rats than in the normal control rats, but there were significantly elevated levels of those metabolites in the QCLGF rats. The gene expression changed significantly in the ALF rats. QCLGF regulated the expression of THBS1 and the KEGG pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, the immune system, and infectious disease: bacterial. QCLGF may alleviating intestinal flora disorder, regulating galactose metabolism and downregulating the expression of THBS1 to alleviate D-GalN induced acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Yin
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Wei
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feili Wei, ; Jianhua Hu,
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feili Wei, ; Jianhua Hu,
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14
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Yan S, Yin XM. Gut microbiome in liver pathophysiology and cholestatic liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2021; 5:151-163. [PMID: 35355516 PMCID: PMC8963136 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence has shown critical roles of gut microbiome in host pathophysiology. The gut and the liver are anatomically and physiologically connected. Given the critical role of gut-liver axis in the homeostasis of the liver, gut microbiome interplays with a diverse spectrum of hepatic changes, including steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cholestasis, and tumorigenesis. In clinic, cholestasis manifests with fatigue, pruritus, and jaundice, caused by the impairment in bile formation or flow. Studies have shown that the gut microbiome is altered in cholestatic liver disease. In this review, we will explore the interaction between the gut microbiome and the liver with a focus on the alteration and the role of gut microbiome in cholestatic liver disease. We will also discuss the prospect of exploiting the gut microbiome in the development of novel therapies for cholestatic liver disease.
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15
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Abstract
Among antibodies, IgA is unique because it has evolved to be secreted onto mucosal surfaces. The structure of IgA and the associated secretory component allow IgA to survive the highly proteolytic environment of mucosal surfaces but also substantially limit IgA's ability to activate effector functions on immune cells. Despite these characteristics, IgA is critical for both preventing enteric infections and shaping the local microbiome. IgA's function is determined by a distinct antigen-binding repertoire, composed of antibodies with a variety of specificities, from permissive polyspecificity to cross-reactivity to exquisite specificity to a single epitope, which act together to regulate intestinal bacteria. Development of the unique function and specificities of IgA is shaped by local cues provided by the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, driven by the constantly changing environment of the intestine and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Hand
- R.K. Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, USA;
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA;
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16
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Kurilenko N, Fatkhullina AR, Mazitova A, Koltsova EK. Act Locally, Act Globally-Microbiota, Barriers, and Cytokines in Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020348. [PMID: 33562334 PMCID: PMC7915371 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by the formation and progressive growth of atherosclerotic plaques in the wall of arteries. Atherosclerosis is a major predisposing factor for stroke and heart attack. Various immune-mediated mechanisms are implicated in the disease initiation and progression. Cytokines are key mediators of the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-hematopoietic cells in the aortic wall and are emerging players in the regulation of atherosclerosis. Progression of atherosclerosis is always associated with increased local and systemic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The role of cytokines within atherosclerotic plaque has been extensively investigated; however, the cell-specific role of cytokine signaling, particularly the role of cytokines in the regulation of barrier tissues tightly associated with microbiota in the context of cardiovascular diseases has only recently come to light. Here, we summarize the knowledge about the function of cytokines at mucosal barriers and the interplay between cytokines, barriers, and microbiota and discuss their known and potential implications for atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurilenko
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Aleksandra Mazitova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ekaterina K. Koltsova
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (N.K.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Sun H, Feng J, Tang L. Function of TREM1 and TREM2 in Liver-Related Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:2626. [PMID: 33297569 PMCID: PMC7762355 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TREM1 and TREM2 are members of the triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) family. Both TREM1 and TREM2 are immunoglobulin superfamily receptors. Their main function is to identify foreign antigens and toxic substances, thereby adjusting the inflammatory response. In the liver, TREM1 and TREM2 are expressed on non-parenchymal cells, such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells, and cells which infiltrate the liver in response to injury including monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils. The function of TREM1 and TREM2 in inflammatory response depends on Toll-like receptor 4. TREM1 mainly augments inflammation during acute inflammation, while TREM2 mainly inhibits chronic inflammation to protect the liver from pathological changes. Chronic inflammation often induces metabolic abnormalities, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. The above physiological changes lead to liver-related diseases, such as liver injury, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we review the function of TREM1 and TREM2 in different liver diseases based on inflammation, providing a more comprehensive perspective for the treatment of liver-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China;
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18
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He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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