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Reiner BC, Chehimi SN, Merkel R, Toikumo S, Berrettini WH, Kranzler HR, Sanchez-Roige S, Kember RL, Schmidt HD, Crist RC. A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of medium spiny neurons in the rat nucleus accumbens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18258. [PMID: 39107568 PMCID: PMC11303397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural processing of rewarding stimuli involves several distinct regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The majority of NAc neurons are GABAergic projection neurons known as medium spiny neurons (MSNs). MSNs are broadly defined by dopamine receptor expression, but evidence suggests that a wider array of subtypes exist. To study MSN heterogeneity, we analyzed single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from the largest available rat NAc dataset. Analysis of 48,040 NAc MSN nuclei identified major populations belonging to the striosome and matrix compartments. Integration with mouse and human data indicated consistency across species and disease-relevance scoring using genome-wide association study results revealed potentially differential roles for MSN populations in substance use disorders. Additional high-resolution clustering identified 34 transcriptomically distinct subtypes of MSNs definable by a limited number of marker genes. Together, these data demonstrate the diversity of MSNs in the NAc and provide a basis for more targeted genetic manipulation of specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samar N Chehimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Riley Merkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, Room 2207, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Khan SS, Jaimon E, Lin YE, Nikoloff J, Tonelli F, Alessi DR, Pfeffer SR. Loss of primary cilia and dopaminergic neuroprotection in pathogenic LRRK2-driven and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402206121. [PMID: 39088390 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402206121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Activating leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations cause Parkinson's and phosphorylation of Rab10 by pathogenic LRRK2 blocks primary ciliogenesis in cultured cells. In the mouse brain, LRRK2 blockade of primary cilia is highly cell type specific: For example, cholinergic interneurons and astrocytes but not medium spiny neurons of the dorsal striatum lose primary cilia in LRRK2-pathway mutant mice. We show here that the cell type specificity of LRRK2-mediated cilia loss is also seen in human postmortem striatum from patients with LRRK2 pathway mutations and idiopathic Parkinson's. Single nucleus RNA sequencing shows that cilia loss in mouse cholinergic interneurons is accompanied by decreased glial-derived neurotrophic factor transcription, decreasing neuroprotection for dopamine neurons. Nevertheless, LRRK2 expression differences cannot explain the unique vulnerability of cholinergic neurons to LRRK2 kinase as much higher LRRK2 expression is seen in medium spiny neurons that have normal cilia. In parallel with decreased striatal dopaminergic neurite density, LRRK2 G2019S neurons show increased autism-linked CNTN5 adhesion protein expression; glial cells show significant loss of ferritin heavy chain. These data strongly suggest that loss of cilia in specific striatal cell types decreases neuroprotection for dopamine neurons in mice and human Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad S Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Ebsy Jaimon
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Jonas Nikoloff
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dario R Alessi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne R Pfeffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5307
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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3
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Lazaridis I, Crittenden JR, Ahn G, Hirokane K, Yoshida T, Wickersham IR, Mahar A, Skara V, Loftus JH, Parvataneni K, Meletis K, Ting JT, Hueske E, Matsushima A, Graybiel AM. Striosomes Target Nigral Dopamine-Containing Neurons via Direct-D1 and Indirect-D2 Pathways Paralleling Classic Direct-Indirect Basal Ganglia Systems. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.01.596922. [PMID: 38915684 PMCID: PMC11195572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.01.596922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Balanced activity of canonical direct D1 and indirect D2 basal ganglia pathways is considered a core requirement for normal movement, and their imbalance is an etiologic factor in movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. We present evidence for a conceptually equivalent pair of direct-D1 and indirect-D2 pathways that arise from striatal projection neurons (SPNs) of the striosome compartment rather than from SPNs of the matrix, as do the canonical pathways. These S-D1 and S-D2 striosomal pathways target substantia nigra dopamine-containing neurons instead of basal ganglia motor output nuclei. They modulate movement oppositely to the modulation by the canonical pathways: S-D1 is inhibitory and S-D2 is excitatory. The S-D1 and S-D2 circuits likely influence motivation for learning and action, complementing and reorienting canonical pathway modulation. A major conceptual reformulation of the classic direct-indirect pathway model of basal ganglia function is needed, as well as reconsideration of the effects of D2-targeting therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Lazaridis
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Jill R. Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Gun Ahn
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Kojiro Hirokane
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ian R. Wickersham
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ara Mahar
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | | | - Johnny H. Loftus
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Krishna Parvataneni
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | | | - Jonathan T. Ting
- Human Cell Types Dept, Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle WA 98109, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily Hueske
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ayano Matsushima
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
| | - Ann M. Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
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4
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Ryan MB, Girasole AE, Flores AJ, Twedell EL, McGregor MM, Brakaj R, Paletzki RF, Hnasko TS, Gerfen CR, Nelson AB. Excessive firing of dyskinesia-associated striatal direct pathway neurons is gated by dopamine and excitatory synaptic input. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114483. [PMID: 39024096 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The striatum integrates dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs to select preferred versus alternative actions. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. One way to study action selection is to understand how it breaks down in pathological states. Here, we explored the cellular and synaptic mechanisms of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a complication of Parkinson's disease therapy characterized by involuntary movements. We used an activity-dependent tool (FosTRAP) in conjunction with a mouse model of LID to investigate functionally distinct subsets of striatal direct pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs). In vivo, levodopa differentially activates dyskinesia-associated (TRAPed) dMSNs compared to other dMSNs. We found this differential activation of TRAPed dMSNs is likely to be driven by higher dopamine receptor expression, dopamine-dependent excitability, and excitatory input from the motor cortex and thalamus. Together, these findings suggest how the intrinsic and synaptic properties of heterogeneous dMSN subpopulations integrate to support action selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Ryan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Allison E Girasole
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew J Flores
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Emily L Twedell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Matthew M McGregor
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Rea Brakaj
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ronald F Paletzki
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Charles R Gerfen
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandra B Nelson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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5
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Bonnavion P, Varin C, Fakhfouri G, Martinez Olondo P, De Groote A, Cornil A, Lorenzo Lopez R, Pozuelo Fernandez E, Isingrini E, Rainer Q, Xu K, Tzavara E, Vigneault E, Dumas S, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Giros B. Striatal projection neurons coexpressing dopamine D1 and D2 receptors modulate the motor function of D1- and D2-SPNs. Nat Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41593-024-01694-4. [PMID: 38965445 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The role of the striatum in motor control is commonly assumed to be mediated by the two striatal efferent pathways characterized by striatal projection neurons (SPNs) expressing dopamine (DA) D1 receptors or D2 receptors (D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs, respectively), without regard to SPNs coexpressing both receptors (D1/D2-SPNs). Here we developed an approach to target these hybrid SPNs in mice and demonstrate that, although these SPNs are less abundant, they have a major role in guiding the motor function of the other two populations. D1/D2-SPNs project exclusively to the external globus pallidus and have specific electrophysiological features with distinctive integration of DA signals. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicate that D1/D2-SPNs potentiate the prokinetic and antikinetic functions of D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs, respectively, and restrain the integrated motor response to psychostimulants. Overall, our findings demonstrate the essential role of this population of D1/D2-coexpressing neurons in orchestrating the fine-tuning of DA regulation in thalamo-cortico-striatal loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bonnavion
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Varin
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghazal Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pilar Martinez Olondo
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aurélie De Groote
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Cornil
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramiro Lorenzo Lopez
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elisa Pozuelo Fernandez
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elsa Isingrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Université Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Rainer
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathleen Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eleni Tzavara
- Université Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HM, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Pôle Psychiatrie Universitaire Solaris, Marseille, France
| | - Erika Vigneault
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Alban de Kerchove d'Exaerde
- Neurophy Lab, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Université Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, Paris, France.
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6
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Figge DA, Oliveira HDA, Crim J, Cowell RM, Standaert DG, Eskow Jaunarajs KL. Differential Activation States of Direct Pathway Striatal Output Neurons during l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia Development. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0050242024. [PMID: 38664012 PMCID: PMC11211726 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0050-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a debilitating motor side effect arising from chronic dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with l-DOPA for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. LID is associated with supersensitivity of striatal dopaminergic signaling and fluctuations in synaptic DA following each l-DOPA dose, shrinking the therapeutic window. The heterogeneous composition of the striatum, including subpopulations of medium spiny output neurons (MSNs), interneurons, and supporting cells, complicates the identification of cell(s) underlying LID. We used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to establish a comprehensive striatal transcriptional profile during LID development. Male hemiparkinsonian mice were treated with vehicle or l-DOPA for 1, 5, or 10 d, and striatal nuclei were processed for snRNA-seq. Analyses indicated a limited population of DA D1 receptor-expressing MSNs (D1-MSNs) formed three subclusters in response to l-DOPA treatment and expressed cellular markers of activation. These activated D1-MSNs display similar transcriptional changes previously associated with LID; however, their prevalence and transcriptional behavior were differentially influenced by l-DOPA experience. Differentially expressed genes indicated acute upregulation of plasticity-related transcription factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, while repeated l-DOPA-induced synaptic remodeling, learning and memory, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling genes. Notably, repeated l-DOPA sensitized Inhba, an activin subunit of the TGF-β superfamily, in activated D1-MSNs, and its pharmacological inhibition impaired LID development, suggesting that activin signaling may play an essential role in LID. These data suggest distinct subsets of D1-MSNs become differentially l-DOPA-responsive due to aberrant induction of molecular mechanisms necessary for neuronal entrainment, similar to processes underlying hippocampal learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Figge
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Henrique de Amaral Oliveira
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jack Crim
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Rita M Cowell
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Karen L Eskow Jaunarajs
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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7
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Cai H, Dong J, Wang L, Sullivan B, Sun L, Chang L, Smith VM, Ding J, Le W, Gerfen C. Patch and matrix striatonigral neurons differentially regulate locomotion. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4468830. [PMID: 38978598 PMCID: PMC11230471 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4468830/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The striatonigral neurons are known to promote locomotion1,2. These neurons reside in both the patch (also known as striosome) and matrix compartments of the dorsal striatum3-5. However, the specific contribution of patch and matrix striatonigral neurons to locomotion remain largely unexplored. Using molecular identifier Kringle-Containing Protein Marking the Eye and the Nose (Kremen1) and Calbidin (Calb1)6, we showed in mouse models that patch and matrix striatonigral neurons exert opposite influence on locomotion. While a reduction in neuronal activity in matrix striatonigral neurons precedes the cessation of locomotion, fiber photometry recording during self-paced movement revealed an unexpected increase of patch striatonigral neuron activity, indicating an inhibitory function. Indeed, optogenetic activation of patch striatonigral neurons suppressed locomotion, contrasting with the locomotion-promoting effect of matrix striatonigral neurons. Consistently, patch striatonigral neuron activation markedly inhibited dopamine release, whereas matrix striatonigral neuron activation initially promoted dopamine release. Moreover, the genetic deletion of inhibitory GABA-B receptor Gabbr1 in Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1-positive (ALDH1A1+) nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons (DANs) completely abolished the locomotion-suppressing effect caused by activating patch striatonigral neurons. Together, our findings unravel a compartment-specific mechanism governing locomotion in the dorsal striatum, where patch striatonigral neurons suppress locomotion by inhibiting the activity of ALDH1A1+ nigrostriatal DANs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lixin Sun
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | - Lisa Chang
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Jinhui Ding
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health
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Dong J, Wang L, Sullivan BT, Sun L, Chang L, Martinez Smith VM, Ding J, Le W, Gerfen CR, Cai H. Patch and matrix striatonigral neurons differentially regulate locomotion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598675. [PMID: 38915717 PMCID: PMC11195204 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Striatonigral neurons, known to promote locomotion, reside in both the patch and matrix compartments of the dorsal striatum. However, their compartment-specific contributions to locomotion remain largely unexplored. Using molecular identifier Kremen1 and Calb1 , we showed in mouse models that patch and matrix striatonigral neurons exert opposite influences on locomotion. Matrix striatonigral neurons reduced their activity before the cessation of self-paced locomotion, while patch striatonigral neuronal activity increased, suggesting an inhibitory function. Indeed, optogenetic activation of patch striatonigral neurons suppressed ongoing locomotion with reduced striatal dopamine release, contrasting with the locomotion-promoting effect of matrix striatonigral neurons, which showed an initial increase in dopamine release. Furthermore, genetic deletion of the GABA-B receptor in Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1-positive (ALDH1A1 + ) nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons completely abolished the locomotion-suppressing effect of patch striatonigral neurons. Our findings unravel a compartment-specific mechanism governing locomotion in the dorsal striatum, where patch striatonigral neurons suppress locomotion by inhibiting ALDH1A1 + nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons.
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9
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Reiner BC, Chehimi SN, Merkel R, Toikumo S, Berrettini WH, Kranzler HR, Sanchez-Roige S, Kember RL, Schmidt HD, Crist RC. A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of medium spiny neurons in the rat nucleus accumbens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.595949. [PMID: 38826289 PMCID: PMC11142250 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.595949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Neural processing of rewarding stimuli involves several distinct regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The majority of NAc neurons are GABAergic projection neurons known as medium spiny neurons (MSNs). MSNs are broadly defined by dopamine receptor expression, but evidence suggests that a wider array of subtypes exist. To study MSN heterogeneity, we analyzed single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from the largest available rat NAc dataset. Analysis of 48,040 NAc MSN nuclei identified major populations belonging to the striosome and matrix compartments. Integration with mouse and human data indicated consistency across species and disease-relevance scoring using genome-wide association study results revealed potentially differential roles for MSN populations in substance use disorders. Additional high-resolution clustering identified 34 transcriptomically distinct subtypes of MSNs definable by a limited number of marker genes. Together, these data demonstrate the diversity of MSNs in the NAc and provide a basis for more targeted genetic manipulation of specific populations.
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10
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Hueske E, Stine C, Yoshida T, Crittenden JR, Gupta A, Johnson JC, Achanta AS, Loftus J, Mahar A, Hul D, Azocar J, Gray RJ, Bruchas MR, Graybiel AM. Developmental and adult striatal patterning of nociceptin ligand marks striosomal population with direct dopamine projections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594426. [PMID: 38798373 PMCID: PMC11118414 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Circuit influences on the midbrain dopamine system are crucial to adaptive behavior and cognition. Recent developments in the study of neuropeptide systems have enabled high-resolution investigations of the intersection of neuromodulatory signals with basal ganglia circuitry, identifying the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) endogenous opioid peptide system as a prospective regulator of striatal dopamine signaling. Using a prepronociceptin-Cre reporter mouse line, we characterized highly selective striosomal patterning of Pnoc mRNA expression in mouse dorsal striatum, reflecting early developmental expression of Pnoc . In the ventral striatum, Pnoc expression was was clustered across the nucleus accumbens core and medial shell, including in adult striatum. We found that Pnoc tdTomato reporter cells largely comprise a population of dopamine receptor D1 ( Drd1 ) expressing medium spiny projection neurons localized in dorsal striosomes, known to be unique among striatal projections neurons for their direct innervation of midbrain dopamine neurons. These findings provide new understanding of the intersection of the N/OFQ system among basal ganglia circuits with particular implications for developmental regulation or wiring of striatal-nigral circuits.
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11
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Phillips RA, Oh S, Bach SV, Du Y, Miller RA, Kleinman JE, Hyde TM, Hicks SC, Page SC, Martinowich K. Transcriptomic characterization of human lateral septum neurons reveals conserved and divergent marker genes across species. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590602. [PMID: 38712125 PMCID: PMC11071425 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) is a midline, subcortical structure, which regulates social behaviors that are frequently impaired in neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Mouse studies have identified neuronal populations within the LS that express a variety of molecular markers, including vasopressin receptor, oxytocin receptor, and corticotropin releasing hormone receptor, that control specific facets of social behavior. Despite its critical role in the regulation of social behavior and notable gene expression patterns, comprehensive molecular profiling of the human LS has not been performed. Here, we conducted single nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to generate the first transcriptomic profiles of the human LS using postmortem human brain tissue samples from 3 neurotypical donors. Our analysis identified 4 transcriptionally distinct neuronal cell types within the human LS that are enriched for TRPC4, the gene encoding Trp-related protein 4. Differential expression analysis revealed a distinct LS neuronal cell type that is enriched for OPRM1, the gene encoding the μ-opioid receptor. Leveraging recently collected mouse LS snRNA-seq datasets, we also conducted a cross-species analysis. Our results demonstrate that TRPC4 enrichment in the LS is highly conserved between human and mouse, while FREM2, which encodes FRAS1 related extracellular matrix protein 2, is enriched only in the human LS. Together, these results highlight transcriptional heterogeneity of the human LS, and identify robust marker genes for the human LS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Phillips
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Seyun Oh
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Svitlana V. Bach
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yufeng Du
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ryan A. Miller
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Page
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keri Martinowich
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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12
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Jackson WS, Bauer S, Kaczmarczyk L, Magadi SS. Selective Vulnerability to Neurodegenerative Disease: Insights from Cell Type-Specific Translatome Studies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:67. [PMID: 38392286 PMCID: PMC10886597 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) manifest a wide variety of clinical symptoms depending on the affected brain regions. Gaining insights into why certain regions are resistant while others are susceptible is vital for advancing therapeutic strategies. While gene expression changes offer clues about disease responses across brain regions, the mixture of cell types therein obscures experimental results. In recent years, methods that analyze the transcriptomes of individual cells (e.g., single-cell RNA sequencing or scRNAseq) have been widely used and have provided invaluable insights into specific cell types. Concurrently, transgene-based techniques that dissect cell type-specific translatomes (CSTs) in model systems, like RiboTag and bacTRAP, offer unique advantages but have received less attention. This review juxtaposes the merits and drawbacks of both methodologies, focusing on the use of CSTs in understanding conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and specific prion diseases like fatal familial insomnia (FFI), genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD), and acquired prion disease. We conclude by discussing the emerging trends observed across multiple diseases and emerging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walker S Jackson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susanne Bauer
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lech Kaczmarczyk
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Srivathsa S Magadi
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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13
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Khan SS, Jaimon E, Lin YE, Nikoloff J, Tonelli F, Alessi DR, Pfeffer SR. Loss of primary cilia and dopaminergic neuroprotection in pathogenic LRRK2-driven and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575737. [PMID: 38293195 PMCID: PMC10827083 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Activating LRRK2 mutations cause Parkinson's disease. Previously, we showed that cholinergic interneurons and astrocytes but not medium spiny neurons of the dorsal striatum lose primary cilia in LRRK2 mutant mice. Single nucleus RNA sequencing shows that cilia loss in cholinergic interneurons correlates with higher LRRK2 expression and decreased glial derived neurotrophic factor transcription. Nevertheless, much higher LRRK2 expression is seen in medium spiny neurons that have normal cilia in mice and humans. In parallel with decreased striatal dopaminergic neurite density, LRRK2 G2019S neurons show increased autism-linked CNTN5 adhesion protein expression; glial cells show significant loss of ferritin heavy chain. Human striatal tissue from LRRK2 pathway mutation carriers and idiopathic Parkinson's disease show similar cilia loss in cholinergic interneurons and astrocytes and overall loss of such neurons. These data strongly suggest that loss of cilia in specific striatal cell types decreases neuroprotection for dopamine neurons in mice and human Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad S. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, United States
- Current address: Departments of Cell Biology & Physiology and Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Ebsy Jaimon
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, United States
| | - Yu-En Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, United States
| | - Jonas Nikoloff
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, United States
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, United States
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, United States
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne R. Pfeffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, United States
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14
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Hochgerner H, Singh S, Tibi M, Lin Z, Skarbianskis N, Admati I, Ophir O, Reinhardt N, Netser S, Wagner S, Zeisel A. Neuronal types in the mouse amygdala and their transcriptional response to fear conditioning. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2237-2249. [PMID: 37884748 PMCID: PMC10689239 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala is a brain region primarily associated with emotional response. The use of genetic markers and single-cell transcriptomics can provide insights into behavior-associated cell state changes. Here we present a detailed cell-type taxonomy of the adult mouse amygdala during fear learning and memory consolidation. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing on naïve and fear-conditioned mice, identify 130 neuronal cell types and validate their spatial distributions. A subset of all neuronal types is transcriptionally responsive to fear learning and memory retrieval. The activated engram cells upregulate activity-response genes and coordinate the expression of genes associated with neurite outgrowth, synaptic signaling, plasticity and development. We identify known and previously undescribed candidate genes responsive to fear learning. Our molecular atlas may be used to generate hypotheses to unveil the neuron types and neural circuits regulating the emotional component of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hochgerner
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shelly Singh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Muhammad Tibi
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhige Lin
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Niv Skarbianskis
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Inbal Admati
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Osnat Ophir
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nuphar Reinhardt
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Netser
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amit Zeisel
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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15
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Roman KM, Dinasarapu AR, VanSchoiack A, Ross PM, Kroeppler D, Jinnah HA, Hess EJ. Spiny projection neurons exhibit transcriptional signatures within subregions of the dorsal striatum. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113435. [PMID: 37952158 PMCID: PMC10841649 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsal striatum is organized into functional territories defined by corticostriatal inputs onto both direct and indirect spiny projection neurons (SPNs), the major cell types within the striatum. In addition to circuit connectivity, striatal domains are likely defined by the spatially determined transcriptomes of SPNs themselves. To identify cell-type-specific spatiomolecular signatures of direct and indirect SPNs within dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral dorsal striatum, we used RNA profiling in situ hybridization with probes to >98% of protein coding genes. We demonstrate that the molecular identity of SPNs is mediated by hundreds of differentially expressed genes across territories of the striatum, revealing extraordinary heterogeneity in the expression of genes that mediate synaptic function in both direct and indirect SPNs. This deep insight into the complex spatiomolecular organization of the striatum provides a foundation for understanding both normal striatal function and for dissecting region-specific dysfunction in disorders of the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - P Martin Ross
- NanoString Technologies, 530 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - David Kroeppler
- NanoString Technologies, 530 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ellen J Hess
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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16
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Falconnier C, Caparros-Roissard A, Decraene C, Lutz PE. Functional genomic mechanisms of opioid action and opioid use disorder: a systematic review of animal models and human studies. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4568-4584. [PMID: 37723284 PMCID: PMC10914629 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, over-prescription of opioids for pain management has driven a steep increase in opioid use disorder (OUD) and death by overdose, exerting a dramatic toll on western countries. OUD is a chronic relapsing disease associated with a lifetime struggle to control drug consumption, suggesting that opioids trigger long-lasting brain adaptations, notably through functional genomic and epigenomic mechanisms. Current understanding of these processes, however, remain scarce, and have not been previously reviewed systematically. To do so, the goal of the present work was to synthesize current knowledge on genome-wide transcriptomic and epigenetic mechanisms of opioid action, in primate and rodent species. Using a prospectively registered methodology, comprehensive literature searches were completed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Of the 2709 articles identified, 73 met our inclusion criteria and were considered for qualitative analysis. Focusing on the 5 most studied nervous system structures (nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, whole striatum, dorsal striatum, spinal cord; 44 articles), we also conducted a quantitative analysis of differentially expressed genes, in an effort to identify a putative core transcriptional signature of opioids. Only one gene, Cdkn1a, was consistently identified in eleven studies, and globally, our results unveil surprisingly low consistency across published work, even when considering most recent single-cell approaches. Analysis of sources of variability detected significant contributions from species, brain structure, duration of opioid exposure, strain, time-point of analysis, and batch effects, but not type of opioid. To go beyond those limitations, we leveraged threshold-free methods to illustrate how genome-wide comparisons may generate new findings and hypotheses. Finally, we discuss current methodological development in the field, and their implication for future research and, ultimately, better care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Falconnier
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alba Caparros-Roissard
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles Decraene
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives UMR 7364, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre-Eric Lutz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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Ochandarena NE, Niehaus JK, Tassou A, Scherrer G. Cell-type specific molecular architecture for mu opioid receptor function in pain and addiction circuits. Neuropharmacology 2023; 238:109597. [PMID: 37271281 PMCID: PMC10494323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are potent analgesics broadly used for pain management; however, they can produce dangerous side effects including addiction and respiratory depression. These harmful effects have led to an epidemic of opioid abuse and overdose deaths, creating an urgent need for the development of both safer pain medications and treatments for opioid use disorders. Both the analgesic and addictive properties of opioids are mediated by the mu opioid receptor (MOR), making resolution of the cell types and neural circuits responsible for each of the effects of opioids a critical research goal. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology is enabling the identification of MOR-expressing cell types throughout the nervous system, creating new opportunities for mapping distinct opioid effects onto newly discovered cell types. Here, we describe molecularly defined MOR-expressing neuronal cell types throughout the peripheral and central nervous systems and their potential contributions to opioid analgesia and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Ochandarena
- Neuroscience Curriculum, Biological and Biomedical Sciences Program, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Jesse K Niehaus
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Adrien Tassou
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; UNC Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; New York Stem Cell Foundation - Robertson Investigator, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Striosomes form neurochemically specialized compartments of the striatum embedded in a large matrix made up of modules called matrisomes. Striosome-matrix architecture is multiplexed with the canonical direct-indirect organization of the striatum. Striosomal functions remain to be fully clarified, but key information is emerging. First, striosomes powerfully innervate nigral dopamine-containing neurons and can completely shut down their activity, with a following rebound excitation. Second, striosomes receive limbic and cognition-related corticostriatal afferents and are dynamically modulated in relation to value-based actions. Third, striosomes are spatially interspersed among matrisomes and interneurons and are influenced by local and global neuromodulatory and oscillatory activities. Fourth, striosomes tune engagement and the motivation to perform reinforcement learning, to manifest stereotypical behaviors, and to navigate valence conflicts and valence discriminations. We suggest that, at an algorithmic level, striosomes could serve as distributed scaffolds to provide formats of the striatal computations generated through development and refined through learning. We propose that striosomes affect subjective states. By transforming corticothalamic and other inputs to the functional formats of the striatum, they could implement state transitions in nigro-striato-nigral circuits to affect bodily and cognitive actions according to internal motives whose functions are compromised in neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Ayano Matsushima
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
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19
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Ozdemir D, Allain F, Kieffer BL, Darcq E. Advances in the characterization of negative affect caused by acute and protracted opioid withdrawal using animal models. Neuropharmacology 2023; 232:109524. [PMID: 37003572 PMCID: PMC10844657 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic brain disease which originates from long-term neuroadaptations that develop after repeated opioid consumption and withdrawal episodes. These neuroadaptations lead among other things to the development of a negative affect, which includes loss of motivation for natural rewards, higher anxiety, social deficits, heightened stress reactivity, an inability to identify and describe emotions, physical and/or emotional pain, malaise, dysphoria, sleep disorders and chronic irritability. The urge for relief from this negative affect is one of major causes of relapse, and thus represents a critical challenge for treatment and relapse prevention. Animal models of negative affect induced by opioid withdrawal have recapitulated the development of a negative emotional state with signs such as anhedonia, increased anxiety responses, increased despair-like behaviour and deficits in social interaction. This research has been critical to determine neurocircuitry adaptations during chronic opioid administration or upon withdrawal. In this review, we summarize the recent literature of rodent models of (i) acute withdrawal, (ii) protracted abstinence from passive administration of opioids, (iii) withdrawal or protracted abstinence from opioid self-administration. Finally, we describe neurocircuitry involved in acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Opioid-induced changes in addiction and pain circuits".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dersu Ozdemir
- INSERM U1114, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Florence Allain
- INSERM U1114, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- INSERM U1114, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- INSERM U1114, Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, France.
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20
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Anderson AG, Kulkarni A, Konopka G. A single-cell trajectory atlas of striatal development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9031. [PMID: 37270616 PMCID: PMC10239471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The striatum integrates dense neuromodulatory inputs from many brain regions to coordinate complex behaviors. This integration relies on the coordinated responses from distinct striatal cell types. While previous studies have characterized the cellular and molecular composition of the striatum using single-cell RNA-sequencing at distinct developmental timepoints, the molecular changes spanning embryonic through postnatal development at the single-cell level have not been examined. Here, we combine published mouse striatal single-cell datasets from both embryonic and postnatal timepoints to analyze the developmental trajectory patterns and transcription factor regulatory networks within striatal cell types. Using this integrated dataset, we found that dopamine receptor-1 expressing spiny projection neurons have an extended period of transcriptional dynamics and greater transcriptional complexity over postnatal development compared to dopamine receptor-2 expressing neurons. Moreover, we found the transcription factor, FOXP1, exerts indirect changes to oligodendrocytes. These data can be accessed and further analyzed through an interactive website ( https://mouse-striatal-dev.cells.ucsc.edu ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ashwinikumar Kulkarni
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, USA.
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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21
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Arasaratnam CJ, Song JJ, Yoshida T, Curtis MA, Graybiel AM, Faull RLM, Waldvogel HJ. DARPP-32 cells and neuropil define striosomal system and isolated matrix cells in human striatum. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:888-920. [PMID: 37002560 PMCID: PMC10392785 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The dorsal striatum forms a central node of the basal ganglia interconnecting the neocortex and thalamus with circuits modulating mood and movement. Striatal projection neurons (SPNs) include relatively intermixed populations expressing D1-type or D2-type dopamine receptors (dSPNs and iSPNs) that give rise to the direct (D1) and indirect (D2) output systems of the basal ganglia. Overlaid on this organization is a compartmental organization, in which a labyrinthine system of striosomes made up of sequestered SPNs is embedded within the larger striatal matrix. Striosomal SPNs also include D1-SPNs and D2-SPNs, but they can be distinguished from matrix SPNs by many neurochemical markers. In the rodent striatum the key signaling molecule, DARPP-32, is a exception to these compartmental expression patterns, thought to befit its functions through opposite actions in both D1- and D2-expressing SPNs. We demonstrate here, however, that in the dorsal human striatum, DARPP-32 is concentrated in the neuropil and SPNs of striosomes, especially in the caudate nucleus and dorsomedial putamen, relative to the matrix neuropil in these regions. The generally DARPP-32-poor matrix contains scattered DARPP-32-positive cells. DARPP-32 cell bodies in both compartments proved negative for conventional intraneuronal markers. These findings raise the potential for specialized DARPP-32 expression in the human striosomal system and in a set of DARPP-32-positive neurons in the matrix. If DARPP-32 immunohistochemical positivity predicts differential functional DARPP-32 activity, then the distributions demonstrated here could render striosomes and dispersed matrix cells susceptible to differential signaling through cAMP and other signaling systems in health and disease. DARPP-32 is highly concentrated in cells and neuropil of striosomes in post-mortem human brain tissue, particularly in the dorsal caudate nucleus. Scattered DARPP-32-positive cells are found in the human striatal matrix. Calbindin and DARPP-32 do not colocalize within every spiny projection neuron in the dorsal human caudate nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine J Arasaratnam
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer J Song
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maurice A Curtis
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L M Faull
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Henry J Waldvogel
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Cao R, Ling Y, Meng J, Jiang A, Luo R, He Q, Li A, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Liu F, Li Y, Zhang G. SMDB: a Spatial Multimodal Data Browser. Nucleic Acids Res 2023:7175352. [PMID: 37216588 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between fine-scale spatial organization and biological function necessitates a tool that effectively combines spatial positions, morphological information, and spatial transcriptomics (ST) data. We introduce the Spatial Multimodal Data Browser (SMDB, https://www.biosino.org/smdb), a robust visualization web service for interactively exploring ST data. By integrating multimodal data, such as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images, gene expression-based molecular clusters, and more, SMDB facilitates the analysis of tissue composition through the dissociation of two-dimensional (2D) sections and the identification of gene expression-profiled boundaries. In a digital three-dimensional (3D) space, SMDB allows researchers to reconstruct morphology visualizations based on manually filtered spots or expand anatomical structures using high-resolution molecular subtypes. To enhance user experience, it offers customizable workspaces for interactive exploration of ST spots in tissues, providing features like smooth zooming, panning, 360-degree rotation in 3D and adjustable spot scaling. SMDB is particularly valuable in neuroscience and spatial histology studies, as it incorporates Allen's mouse brain anatomy atlas for reference in morphological research. This powerful tool provides a comprehensive and efficient solution for examining the intricate relationships between spatial morphology, and biological function in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Cao
- National Genomics Data Center& Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunchao Ling
- National Genomics Data Center& Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiayue Meng
- National Genomics Data Center& Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ao Jiang
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ruijin Luo
- Shanghai Southgene Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qinwen He
- National Genomics Data Center& Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- National Genomics Data Center& Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zoutao Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yixue Li
- National Genomics Data Center& Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- National Genomics Data Center& Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, China
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23
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Matsushima A, Pineda SS, Crittenden JR, Lee H, Galani K, Mantero J, Tombaugh G, Kellis M, Heiman M, Graybiel AM. Transcriptional vulnerabilities of striatal neurons in human and rodent models of Huntington's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:282. [PMID: 36650127 PMCID: PMC9845362 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Striatal projection neurons (SPNs), which progressively degenerate in human patients with Huntington's disease (HD), are classified along two axes: the canonical direct-indirect pathway division and the striosome-matrix compartmentation. It is well established that the indirect-pathway SPNs are susceptible to neurodegeneration and transcriptomic disturbances, but less is known about how the striosome-matrix axis is compromised in HD in relation to the canonical axis. Here we show, using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing data from male Grade 1 HD patient post-mortem brain samples and male zQ175 and R6/2 mouse models, that the two axes are multiplexed and differentially compromised in HD. In human HD, striosomal indirect-pathway SPNs are the most depleted SPN population. In mouse HD models, the transcriptomic distinctiveness of striosome-matrix SPNs is diminished more than that of direct-indirect pathway SPNs. Furthermore, the loss of striosome-matrix distinction is more prominent within indirect-pathway SPNs. These results open the possibility that the canonical direct-indirect pathway and striosome-matrix compartments are differentially compromised in late and early stages of disease progression, respectively, differentially contributing to the symptoms, thus calling for distinct therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Matsushima
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sergio Sebastian Pineda
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jill R Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyeseung Lee
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyriakitsa Galani
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Julio Mantero
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Myriam Heiman
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ann M Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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24
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Li Z, Sun Y, Ding L, Yang J, Huang J, Cheng M, Wu L, Zhuang Z, Chen C, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Jiang S, Huang F, Wang C, Liu S, Liu L, Lei Y. Deciphering the distinct transcriptomic and gene regulatory map in adult macaque basal ganglia cells. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad095. [PMID: 38091510 PMCID: PMC10716911 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basal ganglia are a complex of interconnected subcortical structures located beneath the mammalian cerebral cortex. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia is the primary pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. Due to a lack of integrated analysis of multiomics datasets across multiple basal ganglia brain regions, very little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of this area. FINDINGS We utilized high-throughput transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis to profile over 270,000 single-nucleus cells to create a cellular atlas of the basal ganglia, characterizing the cellular composition of 4 regions of basal ganglia in adult macaque brain, including the striatum, substantia nigra (SN), globus pallidum, and amygdala. We found a distinct epigenetic regulation on gene expression of neuronal and nonneuronal cells across regions in basal ganglia. We identified a cluster of SN-specific astrocytes associated with neurodegenerative diseases and further explored the conserved and primate-specific transcriptomics in SN cell types across human, macaque, and mouse. Finally, we integrated our epigenetic landscape of basal ganglia cells with human disease heritability and identified a regulatory module consisting of candidate cis-regulatory elements that are specific to medium spiny neurons and associated with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS In general, our macaque basal ganglia atlas provides valuable insights into the comprehensive transcriptome and epigenome of the most important and populous cell populations in the macaque basal ganglia. We have identified 49 cell types based on transcriptomic profiles and 47 cell types based on epigenomic profiles, some of which exhibit region specificity, and characterized the molecular relationships underlying these brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yunong Sun
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | | | - Jing Yang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | | | | | - Liang Wu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Cheng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yunqi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Siyuan Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Fubaoqian Huang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunqing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ying Lei
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
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25
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Kostović I, Džaja D, Raguž M, Kopić J, Blažević A, Krsnik Ž. Transient compartmentalization and accelerated volume growth coincide with the expected development of cortical afferents in the human neostriatum. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:434-457. [PMID: 35244150 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The neostriatum plays a central role in cortico-subcortical circuitry underlying goal-directed behavior. The adult mammalian neostriatum shows chemical and cytoarchitectonic compartmentalization in line with the connectivity. However, it is poorly understood how and when fetal compartmentalization (AChE-rich islands, nonreactive matrix) switches to adult (AChE-poor striosomes, reactive matrix) and how this relates to the ingrowth of corticostriatal afferents. Here, we analyze neostriatal compartments on postmortem human brains from 9 postconceptional week (PCW) to 18 postnatal months (PM), using Nissl staining, histochemical techniques (AChE, PAS-Alcian), immunohistochemistry, stereology, and comparing data with volume-growth of in vivo and in vitro MRI. We find that compartmentalization (C) follows a two-compartment (2-C) pattern around 10PCW and is transformed into a midgestational labyrinth-like 3-C pattern (patches, AChE-nonreactive perimeters, matrix), peaking between 22 and 28PCW during accelerated volume-growth. Finally, compartmentalization resolves perinatally, by the decrease in transient "AChE-clumping," disappearance of AChE-nonreactive, ECM-rich perimeters, and an increase in matrix reactivity. The initial "mature" pattern appears around 9 PM. Therefore, transient, a 3-C pattern and accelerated neostriatal growth coincide with the expected timing of the nonhomogeneous distribution of corticostriatal afferents. The decrease in growth-related AChE activity and transfiguration of corticostriatal terminals are putative mechanisms underlying fetal compartments reorganization. Our findings serve as normative for studying neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Kostović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Džaja
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Raguž
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Dubrava, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Janja Kopić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Blažević
- Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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26
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Mengaziol J, Dunn AD, Salimando G, Wooldridge L, Crues-Muncunill J, Eacret D, Chen C, Bland K, Liu- Chen LY, Ehrlich ME, Corder G, Blendy JA. A novel Oprm1-Cre mouse maintains endogenous expression, function and enables detailed molecular characterization of μ-opioid receptor cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270317. [PMID: 36534642 PMCID: PMC9762562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Key targets of both the therapeutic and abused properties of opioids are μ-opioid receptors (MORs). Despite years of research investigating the biochemistry and signal transduction pathways associated with MOR activation, we do not fully understand the cellular mechanisms underlying opioid addiction. Given that addictive opioids such as morphine, oxycodone, heroin, and fentanyl all activate MORs, and current therapies such as naloxone and buprenorphine block this activation, the availability of tools to mechanistically investigate opioid-mediated cellular and behavioral phenotypes are necessary. Therefore, we derived, validated, and applied a novel MOR-specific Cre mouse line, inserting a T2A cleavable peptide sequence and the Cre coding sequence into the MOR 3'UTR. Importantly, this line shows specificity and fidelity of MOR expression throughout the brain and with respect to function, there were no differences in behavioral responses to morphine when compared to wild type mice, nor are there any alterations in Oprm1 gene expression or receptor density. To assess Cre recombinase activity, MOR-Cre mice were crossed with the floxed GFP-reporters, RosaLSLSun1-sfGFP or RosaLSL-GFP-L10a. The latter allowed for cell type specific RNA sequencing via TRAP (Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification) of striatal MOR+ neurons following opioid withdrawal. The breadth of utility of this new tool will greatly facilitate the study of opioid biology under varying conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Mengaziol
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amelia D. Dunn
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory Salimando
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lisa Wooldridge
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jordi Crues-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Darrell Eacret
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chongguang Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Bland
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu- Chen
- Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gregory Corder
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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27
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Gaertner Z, Azcorra M, Dombeck DA, Awatramani R. Molecular heterogeneity in the substantia nigra: A roadmap for understanding PD motor pathophysiology. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Onimus O, Valjent E, Fisone G, Gangarossa G. Haloperidol-Induced Immediate Early Genes in Striatopallidal Neurons Requires the Converging Action of cAMP/PKA/DARPP-32 and mTOR Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911637. [PMID: 36232936 PMCID: PMC9569967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics share the common pharmacological feature of antagonizing the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R), which is abundant in the striatum and involved in both the therapeutic and side effects of this drug’s class. The pharmacological blockade of striatal D2R, by disinhibiting the D2R-containing medium-sized spiny neurons (MSNs), leads to a plethora of molecular, cellular and behavioral adaptations, which are central in the action of antipsychotics. Here, we focused on the cell type-specific (D2R-MSNs) regulation of some striatal immediate early genes (IEGs), such as cFos, Arc and Zif268. Taking advantage of transgenic mouse models, pharmacological approaches and immunofluorescence analyses, we found that haloperidol-induced IEGs in the striatum required the synergistic activation of A2a (adenosine) and NMDA (glutamate) receptors. At the intracellular signaling level, we found that the PKA/DARPP-32 and mTOR pathways synergistically cooperate to control the induction of IEGs by haloperidol. By confirming and further expanding previous observations, our results provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the molecular/cellular action of antipsychotics in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriane Onimus
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilberto Fisone
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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29
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Nwogo RO, Kammermeier S, Singh A. Abnormal neural oscillations during gait and dual-task in Parkinson’s disease. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:995375. [PMID: 36185822 PMCID: PMC9522469 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.995375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gait dysfunctions are debilitating motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and may result in frequent falling with health complications. The contribution of the motor-cognitive network to gait disturbance can be studied more thoroughly by challenging motor-cognitive dual-task gait performances. Gait is a complex motor task that requires an appropriate contribution from motor and cognitive networks, reflected in frequency modulations among several cortical and subcortical networks. Electrophysiological recordings by scalp electroencephalography and implanted deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes have unveiled modulations of specific oscillatory patterns in the cortical-subcortical circuits in PD. In this review, we summarize oscillatory contributions of the cortical, basal ganglia, mesencephalic locomotor, and cerebellar regions during gait and dual-task activities in PD. We detail the involvement of the cognitive network in dual-task settings and compare how abnormal oscillations in the specific frequency bands in the cortical and subcortical regions correlate with gait deficits in PD, particularly freezing of gait (FOG). We suggest that altered neural oscillations in different frequencies can cause derangements in broader brain networks, so neuromodulation and pharmacological therapies should be considered to normalize those network oscillations to improve challenged gait and dual-task motor functions in PD. Specifically, the theta and beta bands in premotor cortical areas, subthalamic nucleus, as well as alpha band activity in the brainstem prepontine nucleus, modulate under clinically effective levodopa and DBS therapies, improving gait and dual-task performance in PD with FOG, compared to PD without FOG and age-matched healthy control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O. Nwogo
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, United States
- *Correspondence: Arun Singh,
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30
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Zhang J, Song C, Dai J, Li L, Yang X, Chen Z. Mechanism of opioid addiction and its intervention therapy: Focusing on the reward circuitry and mu‐opioid receptor. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e148. [PMID: 35774845 PMCID: PMC9218544 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Zhang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chang‐Geng Song
- Department of Neurology Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ji‐Min Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ling Li
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiang‐Min Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhi‐Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine & Department of Cell Biology The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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31
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Barko K, Shelton M, Xue X, Afriyie-Agyemang Y, Puig S, Freyberg Z, Tseng GC, Logan RW, Seney ML. Brain region- and sex-specific transcriptional profiles of microglia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:945548. [PMID: 36090351 PMCID: PMC9448907 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.945548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophages of the brain, performing roles related to brain homeostasis, including modulation of synapses, trophic support, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and debris, as well as brain protection and repair. Studies assessing morphological and transcriptional features of microglia found regional differences as well as sex differences in some investigated brain regions. However, markers used to isolate microglia in many previous studies are not expressed exclusively by microglia or cannot be used to identify and isolate microglia in all contexts. Here, fluorescent activated cell sorting was used to isolate cells expressing the microglia-specific marker TMEM119 from prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum, and midbrain in mice. RNA-sequencing was used to assess the transcriptional profile of microglia, focusing on brain region and sex differences. We found striking brain region differences in microglia-specific transcript expression. Most notable was the distinct transcriptional profile of midbrain microglia, with enrichment for pathways related to immune function; these midbrain microglia exhibited a profile similar to disease-associated or immune-surveillant microglia. Transcripts more highly expressed in PFC isolated microglia were enriched for synapse-related pathways while microglia isolated from the striatum were enriched for pathways related to microtubule polymerization. We also found evidence for a gradient of expression of microglia-specific transcripts across the rostral-to-caudal axes of the brain, with microglia extracted from the striatum exhibiting a transcriptional profile intermediate between that of the PFC and midbrain. We also found sex differences in expression of microglia-specific transcripts in all 3 brain regions, with many selenium-related transcripts more highly expressed in females across brain regions. These results suggest that the transcriptional profile of microglia varies between brain regions under homeostatic conditions, suggesting that microglia perform diverse roles in different brain regions and even based on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Barko
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Micah Shelton
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Xiangning Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yvette Afriyie-Agyemang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie Puig
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan W. Logan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marianne L. Seney
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Kim S, Sohn S, Choe ES. Phosphorylation of GluA1-Ser831 by CaMKII Activation in the Caudate and Putamen Is Required for Behavioral Sensitization After Challenge Nicotine in Rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:678-687. [PMID: 35678163 PMCID: PMC9380710 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylation of the glutamate receptor (GluA1) subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor plays a crucial role in behavioral sensitization after exposure to psychostimulants. The present study determined the potential role of serine 831 (Ser831) phosphorylation in the GluA1 subunit of the caudate and putamen (CPu) in behavioral sensitization after challenge nicotine. METHODS Challenge nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) after 7 days of repeated exposure to nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) followed by 3 days of withdrawal in rats. Bilateral intra-CPu infusions of drugs were mainly performed to test this hypothesis. RESULTS Challenge nicotine increased both phosphorylated (p)Ser831 immunoreactivity (IR) and pCa2+/calmodulin-dependentprotein kinases II (pCaMKII)-IR in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the CPu. These increases were prevented by bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist MPEP (0.5 nmol/side) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK801 (2 nmol/side). However, the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist SCH23390 (7.5 nmol/side) prevented only pSer831-IR alone. Bilateral intra-CPu infusion of the Tat-GluA1D peptide (25 pmol/side), which interferes with the binding of pCaMKII to GluA1-Ser831, decreased the challenge nicotine-induced increase in locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the GluA1-Ser831 phosphorylation in the MSNs of the CPu is required for the challenge nicotine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats. CaMKII activation linked to mGluR5 and NMDA receptors, but not to D1R, is essential for inducing the CaMKII-Ser831 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Sohn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sang Choe
- Correspondence: Eun Sang Choe, PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, 63-2 Busandaehak-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea ()
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Networking brainstem and basal ganglia circuits for movement. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:342-360. [DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Schmitz MT, Sandoval K, Chen CP, Mostajo-Radji MA, Seeley WW, Nowakowski TJ, Ye CJ, Paredes MF, Pollen AA. The development and evolution of inhibitory neurons in primate cerebrum. Nature 2022; 603:871-877. [PMID: 35322231 PMCID: PMC8967711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomists have long speculated that expanded primate brains contain an increased morphological diversity of inhibitory neurons (INs)1, and recent studies have identified primate-specific neuronal populations at the molecular level2. However, we know little about the developmental mechanisms that specify evolutionarily novel cell types in the brain. Here, we reconstruct gene expression trajectories specifying INs generated throughout the neurogenic period in macaques and mice by analysing the transcriptomes of 250,181 cells. We find that the initial classes of INs generated prenatally are largely conserved among mammals. Nonetheless, we identify two contrasting developmental mechanisms for specifying evolutionarily novel cell types during prenatal development. First, we show that recently identified primate-specific TAC3 striatal INs are specified by a unique transcriptional programme in progenitors followed by induction of a distinct suite of neuropeptides and neurotransmitter receptors in new-born neurons. Second, we find that multiple classes of transcriptionally conserved olfactory bulb (OB)-bound precursors are redirected to expanded primate white matter and striatum. These classes include a novel peristriatal class of striatum laureatum neurons that resemble dopaminergic periglomerular cells of the OB. We propose an evolutionary model in which conserved initial classes of neurons supplying the smaller primate OB are reused in the enlarged striatum and cortex. Together, our results provide a unified developmental taxonomy of initial classes of mammalian INs and reveal multiple developmental mechanisms for neural cell type evolution. Evolutionary modelling shows that an initial set of inhibitory neurons serving olfactory bulbs may have been repurposed to diversify the taxonomy of interneurons found in the expanded striata and cortices in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Schmitz
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kadellyn Sandoval
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mohammed A Mostajo-Radji
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex A Pollen
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Scarduzio M, Hess EJ, Standaert DG, Eskow Jaunarajs KL. Striatal synaptic dysfunction in dystonia and levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 166:105650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Degrandmaison J, Rochon-Haché S, Parent JL, Gendron L. Knock-In Mouse Models to Investigate the Functions of Opioid Receptors in vivo. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:807549. [PMID: 35173584 PMCID: PMC8841419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.807549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their low expression levels, complex multi-pass transmembrane structure, and the current lack of highly specific antibodies, the assessment of endogenous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) remains challenging. While most of the research regarding their functions was performed in heterologous systems overexpressing the receptor, recent advances in genetic engineering methods have allowed the generation of several unique mouse models. These animals proved to be useful to investigate numerous aspects underlying the physiological functions of GPCRs, including their endogenous expression, distribution, interactome, and trafficking processes. Given their significant pharmacological importance and central roles in the nervous system, opioid peptide receptors (OPr) are often referred to as prototypical receptors for the study of GPCR regulatory mechanisms. Although only a few GPCR knock-in mouse lines have thus far been generated, OPr are strikingly well represented with over 20 different knock-in models, more than half of which were developed within the last 5 years. In this review, we describe the arsenal of OPr (mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid), as well as the opioid-related nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor knock-in mouse models that have been generated over the past years. We further highlight the invaluable contribution of such models to our understanding of the in vivo mechanisms underlying the regulation of OPr, which could be conceivably transposed to any other GPCR, as well as the limitations, future perspectives, and possibilities enabled by such tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Degrandmaison
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Samuel Rochon-Haché
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Network of Junior Pain Investigators, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Parent
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Médecine, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Jean-Luc Parent,
| | - Louis Gendron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Quebec Pain Research Network, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Louis Gendron,
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Thalamic subnetworks as units of function. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:140-153. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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38
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He J, Kleyman M, Chen J, Alikaya A, Rothenhoefer KM, Ozturk BE, Wirthlin M, Bostan AC, Fish K, Byrne LC, Pfenning AR, Stauffer WR. Transcriptional and anatomical diversity of medium spiny neurons in the primate striatum. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5473-5486.e6. [PMID: 34727523 PMCID: PMC9359438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) constitute the vast majority of striatal neurons and the principal interface between dopamine reward signals and functionally diverse cortico-basal ganglia circuits. Information processing in these circuits is dependent on distinct MSN types: cell types that are traditionally defined according to their projection targets or dopamine receptor expression. Single-cell transcriptional studies have revealed greater MSN heterogeneity than predicted by traditional circuit models, but the transcriptional landscape in the primate striatum remains unknown. Here, we set out to establish molecular definitions for MSN subtypes in Rhesus monkeys and to explore the relationships between transcriptionally defined subtypes and anatomical subdivisions of the striatum. Our results suggest at least nine MSN subtypes, including dorsal striatum subtypes associated with striosome and matrix compartments, ventral striatum subtypes associated with the nucleus accumbens shell and olfactory tubercle, and an MSN-like cell type restricted to μ-opioid receptor rich islands in the ventral striatum. Although each subtype was demarcated by discontinuities in gene expression, continuous variation within subtypes defined gradients corresponding to anatomical locations and, potentially, functional specializations. These results lay the foundation for achieving cell-type-specific transgenesis in the primate striatum and provide a blueprint for investigating circuit-specific information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael Kleyman
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jianjiao Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aydin Alikaya
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rothenhoefer
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bilge Esin Ozturk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Morgan Wirthlin
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andreea C Bostan
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kenneth Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Leah C Byrne
- Department of Ophthalmology, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - William R Stauffer
- Department of Neurobiology, Systems Neuroscience Center, Brain Institute, Center for Neuroscience, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Cirnaru MD, Creus-Muncunill J, Nelson S, Lewis TB, Watson J, Ellerby LM, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Ehrlich ME. Striatal Cholinergic Dysregulation after Neonatal Decrease in X-Linked Dystonia Parkinsonism-Related TAF1 Isoforms. Mov Disord 2021; 36:2780-2794. [PMID: 34403156 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-linked dystonia parkinsonism is a generalized, progressive dystonia followed by parkinsonism with onset in adulthood and accompanied by striatal neurodegeneration. Causative mutations are located in a noncoding region of the TATA-box binding protein-associated factor 1 (TAF1) gene and result in aberrant splicing. There are 2 major TAF1 isoforms that may be decreased in symptomatic patients, including the ubiquitously expressed canonical cTAF1 and the neuronal-specific nTAF1. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the behavioral and transcriptomic effects of decreased cTAF1 and/or nTAF1 in vivo. METHODS We generated adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors encoding microRNAs targeting Taf1 in a splice-isoform selective manner. We performed intracerebroventricular viral injections in newborn mice and rats and intrastriatal infusions in 3-week-old rats. The effects of Taf1 knockdown were assayed at 4 months of age with evaluation of motor function, histology, and RNA sequencing of the striatum, followed by its validation. RESULTS We report motor deficits in all cohorts, more pronounced in animals injected at P0, in which we also identified transcriptomic alterations in multiple neuronal pathways, including the cholinergic synapse. In both species, we show a reduced number of striatal cholinergic interneurons and their marker mRNAs after Taf1 knockdown in the newborn. CONCLUSION This study provides novel information regarding the requirement for TAF1 in the postnatal maintenance of striatal cholinergic neurons, the dysfunction of which is involved in other inherited forms of dystonia. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Daniela Cirnaru
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shareen Nelson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Travis B Lewis
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime Watson
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular & Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Knowles R, Dehorter N, Ellender T. From Progenitors to Progeny: Shaping Striatal Circuit Development and Function. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9483-9502. [PMID: 34789560 PMCID: PMC8612473 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0620-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how neurons of the striatum are formed and integrate into complex synaptic circuits is essential to provide insight into striatal function in health and disease. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the development of striatal neurons and associated circuits with a focus on their embryonic origin. Specifically, we address the role of distinct types of embryonic progenitors, found in the proliferative zones of the ganglionic eminences in the ventral telencephalon, in the generation of diverse striatal interneurons and projection neurons. Indeed, recent evidence would suggest that embryonic progenitor origin dictates key characteristics of postnatal cells, including their neurochemical content, their location within striatum, and their long-range synaptic inputs. We also integrate recent observations regarding embryonic progenitors in cortical and other regions and discuss how this might inform future research on the ganglionic eminences. Last, we examine how embryonic progenitor dysfunction can alter striatal formation, as exemplified in Huntington's disease and autism spectrum disorder, and how increased understanding of embryonic progenitors can have significant implications for future research directions and the development of improved therapeutic options.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This review highlights recently defined novel roles for embryonic progenitor cells in shaping the functional properties of both projection neurons and interneurons of the striatum. It outlines the developmental mechanisms that guide neuronal development from progenitors in the embryonic ganglionic eminences to progeny in the striatum. Where questions remain open, we integrate observations from cortex and other regions to present possible avenues for future research. Last, we provide a progenitor-centric perspective onto both Huntington's disease and autism spectrum disorder. We suggest that future investigations and manipulations of embryonic progenitor cells in both research and clinical settings will likely require careful consideration of their great intrinsic diversity and neurogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Knowles
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nathalie Dehorter
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Tommas Ellender
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Basile GA, Bertino S, Bramanti A, Ciurleo R, Anastasi GP, Milardi D, Cacciola A. Striatal topographical organization: Bridging the gap between molecules, connectivity and behavior. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34643358 PMCID: PMC8524362 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum represents the major hub of the basal ganglia, receiving projections from the entire cerebral cortex and it is assumed to play a key role in a wide array of complex behavioral tasks. Despite being extensively investigated during the last decades, the topographical organization of the striatum is not well understood yet. Ongoing efforts in neuroscience are focused on analyzing striatal anatomy at different spatial scales, to understand how structure relates to function and how derangements of this organization are involved in various neuropsychiatric diseases. While being subdivided at the macroscale level into dorsal and ventral divisions, at a mesoscale level the striatum represents an anatomical continuum sharing the same cellular makeup. At the same time, it is now increasingly ascertained that different striatal compartments show subtle histochemical differences, and their neurons exhibit peculiar patterns of gene expression, supporting functional diversity across the whole basal ganglia circuitry. Such diversity is further supported by afferent connections which are heterogenous both anatomically, as they originate from distributed cortical areas and subcortical structures, and biochemically, as they involve a variety of neurotransmitters. Specifically, the cortico-striatal projection system is topographically organized delineating a functional organization which is maintained throughout the basal ganglia, subserving motor, cognitive and affective behavioral functions. While such functional heterogeneity has been firstly conceptualized as a tripartite organization, with sharply defined limbic, associative and sensorimotor territories within the striatum, it has been proposed that such territories are more likely to fade into one another, delineating a gradient-like organization along medio-lateral and ventro-dorsal axes. However, the molecular and cellular underpinnings of such organization are less understood, and their relations to behavior remains an open question, especially in humans. In this review we aimed at summarizing the available knowledge on striatal organization, especially focusing on how it links structure to function and its alterations in neuropsychiatric diseases. We examined studies conducted on different species, covering a wide array of different methodologies: from tract-tracing and immunohistochemistry to neuroimaging and transcriptomic experiments, aimed at bridging the gap between macroscopic and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Medical School of Salerno", University of Salerno.
| | | | - Giuseppe Pio Anastasi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Demetrio Milardi
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
| | - Alberto Cacciola
- Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina.
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Cirnaru MD, Song S, Tshilenge KT, Corwin C, Mleczko J, Galicia Aguirre C, Benlhabib H, Bendl J, Apontes P, Fullard J, Creus-Muncunill J, Reyahi A, Nik AM, Carlsson P, Roussos P, Mooney SD, Ellerby LM, Ehrlich ME. Unbiased identification of novel transcription factors in striatal compartmentation and striosome maturation. eLife 2021; 10:e65979. [PMID: 34609283 PMCID: PMC8492065 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases are linked to dysregulation of the striatum. Striatal function depends on neuronal compartmentation into striosomes and matrix. Striatal projection neurons are GABAergic medium spiny neurons (MSNs), subtyped by selective expression of receptors, neuropeptides, and other gene families. Neurogenesis of the striosome and matrix occurs in separate waves, but the factors regulating compartmentation and neuronal differentiation are largely unidentified. We performed RNA- and ATAC-seq on sorted striosome and matrix cells at postnatal day 3, using the Nr4a1-EGFP striosome reporter mouse. Focusing on the striosome, we validated the localization and/or role of Irx1, Foxf2, Olig2, and Stat1/2 in the developing striosome and the in vivo enhancer function of a striosome-specific open chromatin region 4.4 Kb downstream of Olig2. These data provide novel tools to dissect and manipulate the networks regulating MSN compartmentation and differentiation, including in human iPSC-derived striatal neurons for disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Daniela Cirnaru
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sicheng Song
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Chuhyon Corwin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Justyna Mleczko
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Houda Benlhabib
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Pasha Apontes
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - John Fullard
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jordi Creus-Muncunill
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Azadeh Reyahi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Ali M Nik
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Peter Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South)BronxUnited States
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Michelle E Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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43
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Montinaro C, Pisanello M, Bianco M, Spagnolo B, Pisano F, Balena A, De Nuccio F, Lofrumento DD, Verri T, De Vittorio M, Pisanello F. Influence of the anatomical features of different brain regions on the spatial localization of fiber photometry signals. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6081-6094. [PMID: 34745723 PMCID: PMC8547979 DOI: 10.1364/boe.439848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fiber photometry is widely used in neuroscience labs for in vivo detection of functional fluorescence from optical indicators of neuronal activity with a simple optical fiber. The fiber is commonly placed next to the region of interest to both excite and collect the fluorescence signal. However, the path of both excitation and fluorescence photons is altered by the uneven optical properties of the brain, due to local variation of the refractive index, different cellular types, densities and shapes. Nonetheless, the effect of the local anatomy on the actual shape and extent of the volume of tissue that interfaces with the fiber has received little attention so far. To fill this gap, we measured the size and shape of fiber photometry efficiency field in the primary motor and somatosensory cortex, in the hippocampus and in the striatum of the mouse brain, highlighting how their substructures determine the detected signal and the depth at which photons can be mined. Importantly, we show that the information on the spatial expression of the fluorescent probes alone is not sufficient to account for the contribution of local subregions to the overall collected signal, and it must be combined with the optical properties of the tissue adjacent to the fiber tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Montinaro
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Marco Bianco
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Barbara Spagnolo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Filippo Pisano
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Antonio Balena
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Francesco De Nuccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo De Vittorio
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione, Università del Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Equally contributing authors
| | - Ferruccio Pisanello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
- Equally contributing authors
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44
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Jones-Tabah J, Martin RD, Tanny JC, Clarke PBS, Hébert TE. High-Content Single-Cell Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging of Cultured Striatal Neurons Reveals Novel Cross-Talk in the Regulation of Nuclear Signaling by Protein Kinase A and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:526-539. [PMID: 34503973 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded biosensors can be used to track signaling events in living cells by measuring changes in fluorescence emitted by one or more fluorescent proteins. Here, we describe the use of genetically encoded biosensors based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), combined with high-content microscopy, to image dynamic signaling events simultaneously in thousands of neurons in response to drug treatments. We first applied this approach to examine intercellular variation in signaling responses among cultured striatal neurons stimulated with multiple drugs. Using high-content FRET imaging and immunofluorescence, we identified neuronal subpopulations with unique responses to pharmacological manipulation and used nuclear morphology to identify medium spiny neurons within these heterogeneous striatal cultures. Focusing on protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling in the cytoplasm and nucleus, we noted pronounced intercellular differences among putative medium spiny neurons, in both the magnitude and kinetics of signaling responses to drug application. Importantly, a conventional "bulk" analysis that pooled all cells in culture yielded a different rank order of drug potency than that revealed by single-cell analysis. Using a single-cell analytical approach, we dissected the relative contributions of PKA and ERK1/2 signaling in striatal neurons and unexpectedly identified a novel role for ERK1/2 in promoting nuclear activation of PKA in striatal neurons. This finding adds a new dimension of signaling crosstalk between PKA and ERK1/2 with relevance to dopamine D1 receptor signaling in striatal neurons. In conclusion, high-content single-cell imaging can complement and extend traditional population-level analyses and provides a novel vantage point from which to study cellular signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: High-content imaging revealed substantial intercellular variation in the magnitude and pattern of intracellular signaling events driven by receptor stimulation. Since individual neurons within the same population can respond differently to a given agonist, interpreting measures of intracellular signaling derived from the averaged response of entire neuronal populations may not always reflect what happened at the single-cell level. This study uses this approach to identify a new form of cross-talk between PKA and ERK1/2 signaling in the nucleus of striatal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jace Jones-Tabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ryan D Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jason C Tanny
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paul B S Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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45
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Sex Differences in Dopamine Receptors and Relevance to Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091199. [PMID: 34573220 PMCID: PMC8469878 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a key role in neuropsychiatric illness. Sex differences in dopaminergic signaling have been acknowledged for decades and have been linked to sex-specific heterogeneity in both dopamine-related behaviours as well as in various neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the overall number of studies that have evaluated sex differences in dopamine signaling, both in health and in these disorders, is low. This review will bring together what is known regarding sex differences in innate dopamine receptor expression and function, as well as highlight the known sex-specific roles of dopamine in addiction, depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Due to differences in prognosis, diagnosis, and symptomatology between male and female subjects in disorders that involve dopamine signaling, or in responses that utilize pharmacological interventions that target dopamine receptors, understanding the fundamental sex differences in dopamine receptors is of vital importance for the personalization of therapeutic treatment strategies.
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46
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Fieblinger T. Striatal Control of Movement: A Role for New Neuronal (Sub-) Populations? Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:697284. [PMID: 34354577 PMCID: PMC8329243 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.697284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The striatum is a very heterogenous brain area, composed of different domains and compartments, albeit lacking visible anatomical demarcations. Two populations of striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) build the so-called direct and indirect pathway of the basal ganglia, whose coordinated activity is essential to control locomotion. Dysfunction of striatal SPNs is part of many movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In this mini review article, I will highlight recent studies utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the transcriptional profiles of striatal neurons. These studies discover that SPNs carry a transcriptional signature, indicating both their anatomical location and compartmental identity. Furthermore, the transcriptional profiles reveal the existence of additional distinct neuronal populations and previously unknown SPN sub-populations. In a parallel development, studies in rodent models of PD and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) report that direct pathway SPNs do not react uniformly to L-DOPA therapy, and that only a subset of these neurons is underlying the development of abnormal movements. Together, these studies demonstrate a new level of cellular complexity for striatal (dys-) function and locomotor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Fieblinger
- Institute for Synaptic Physiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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47
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Cebrian Silla A, Nascimento MA, Redmond SA, Mansky B, Wu D, Obernier K, Romero Rodriguez R, Gonzalez Granero S, García-Verdugo JM, Lim D, Álvarez-Buylla A. Single-cell analysis of the ventricular-subventricular zone reveals signatures of dorsal & ventral adult neurogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:67436. [PMID: 34259628 PMCID: PMC8443251 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), on the walls of the lateral ventricles, harbors the largest neurogenic niche in the adult mouse brain. Previous work has shown that neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in different locations within the V-SVZ produce different subtypes of new neurons for the olfactory bulb. The molecular signatures that underlie this regional heterogeneity remain largely unknown. Here, we present a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of the adult mouse V-SVZ revealing two populations of NSPCs that reside in largely non-overlapping domains in either the dorsal or ventral V-SVZ. These regional differences in gene expression were further validated using a single-nucleus RNA-sequencing reference dataset of regionally microdissected domains of the V-SVZ and by immunocytochemistry and RNAscope localization. We also identify two subpopulations of young neurons that have gene expression profiles consistent with a dorsal or ventral origin. Interestingly, a subset of genes are dynamically expressed, but maintained, in the ventral or dorsal lineages. The study provides novel markers and territories to understand the region-specific regulation of adult neurogenesis. Nerve cells, or neurons, are the central building blocks of brain circuits. Their damage, death or loss of function leads to cognitive decline. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) first appear during embryo development, generating most of the neurons found in the nervous system. However, the adult brain retains a small subpopulation of NSPCs, which in some species are an important source of new neurons throughout life. In the adult mouse brain the largest population of NSPCs, known as B cells, is found in an area called the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). These V-SVZ B cells have properties of specialized support cells known as astrocytes, but they can also divide and generate intermediate ‘progenitor cells’ called C cells. These, in turn, divide to generate large numbers of young ‘A cells’ neurons that undertake a long and complex migration from V-SVZ to the olfactory bulb, the first relay in the central nervous system for the processing of smells. Depending on their location in the V-SVZ, B cells can generate different kinds of neurons, leading to at least ten subtypes of neurons. Why this is the case is still poorly understood. To examine this question, Cebrián-Silla, Nascimento, Redmond, Mansky et al. determined which genes were expressed in B, C and A cells from different parts of the V-SVZ. While cells within each of these populations had different expression patterns, those that originated in the same V-SVZ locations shared a set of genes, many of which associated with regional specification in the developing brain. Some, however, were intriguingly linked to hormonal regulation. Salient differences between B cells depended on whether the cells originated closer to the top (‘dorsal’ position) or to the bottom of the brain (‘ventral’ position). This information was used to stain slices of mouse brains for the RNA and proteins produced by these genes in different regions. These experiments revealed dorsal and ventral territories containing B cells with distinct ‘gene expression’. This study highlights the heterogeneity of NSPCs, revealing key molecular differences among B cells in dorsal and ventral areas of the V-SVZ and reinforcing the concept that the location of NSPCs determines the types of neuron they generate. Furthermore, the birth of specific types of neurons from B cells that are so strictly localized highlights the importance of neuronal migration to ensure that young neurons with specific properties reach their appropriate destination in the olfactory bulb. The work by Cebrián-Silla, Nascimento, Redmond, Mansky et al. has identified sets of genes that are differentially expressed in dorsal and ventral regions which may contribute to regional regulation. Furthering the understanding of how adult NSPCs differ according to their location will help determine how various neuron types emerge in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Cebrian Silla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Marcos Assis Nascimento
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stephanie A Redmond
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Benjamin Mansky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - David Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ricardo Romero Rodriguez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Susana Gonzalez Granero
- Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, y Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- Instituto Cavanilles, Universidad de Valencia, y Unidad Mixta de Esclerosis Múltiple y Neurorregeneración, CIBERNED, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Arturo Álvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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48
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Takahashi M, Fukabori R, Kawasaki H, Kobayashi K, Kawakami K. The distribution of Cdh20 mRNA demarcates somatotopic subregions and subpopulations of spiny projection neurons in the rat dorsolateral striatum. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:3655-3675. [PMID: 34240415 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The dorsolateral striatum (DLS) of rodents is functionally subdivided into somatotopic subregions that represent each body part along both the dorsoventral and anteroposterior (A-P) axes and play crucial roles in sensorimotor functions via corticostriatal pathways. However, little is known about the spatial gene expression patterns and heterogeneity of spiny projection neurons (SPNs) within somatotopic subregions. Here, we show that the cell adhesion molecule gene Cdh20, which encodes a Type II cadherin, is expressed in discrete subregions covering the inner orofacial area and part of the forelimb area in the ventral domain of the DLS (v-DLS) in rats. Cdh20-expressing cells were localized in the v-DLS at the intermediate level of the striatum along the A-P axis and could be classified as direct-pathway SPNs or indirect-pathway SPNs. Unexpectedly, comprehensive analysis revealed that Cdh20 is expressed in SPNs in the rat DLS but not in the mouse DLS or the ferret putamen (Pu). Our observations reveal that Cdh20 expression demarcates somatotopic subregions and subpopulations of SPNs specifically in the rat DLS and suggest divergent regulation of genes differentially expressed in the v-DLS and Pu among mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takahashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryoji Fukabori
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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49
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Weglage M, Wärnberg E, Lazaridis I, Calvigioni D, Tzortzi O, Meletis K. Complete representation of action space and value in all dorsal striatal pathways. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109437. [PMID: 34320355 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal striatum plays a central role in the selection, execution, and evaluation of actions. An emerging model attributes action selection to the matrix and evaluation to the striosome compartment. Here, we use large-scale cell-type-specific calcium imaging to determine the activity of striatal projection neurons (SPNs) during motor and decision behaviors in the three major outputs of the dorsomedial striatum: Oprm1+ striosome versus D1+ direct and A2A+ indirect pathway SPNs. We find that Oprm1+ SPNs show complex tunings to simple movements and value-guided actions, which are conserved across many sessions in a single task but remap between contexts. During decision making, the SPN tuning profiles form a complete representation in which sequential SPN activity jointly encodes task progress and value. We propose that the three major output pathways in the dorsomedial striatum share a similarly complete representation of the entire action space, including task- and phase-specific signals of action value and choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Weglage
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emil Wärnberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iakovos Lazaridis
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Calvigioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ourania Tzortzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Malaiya S, Cortes-Gutierrez M, Herb BR, Coffey SR, Legg SRW, Cantle JP, Colantuoni C, Carroll JB, Ament SA. Single-Nucleus RNA-Seq Reveals Dysregulation of Striatal Cell Identity Due to Huntington's Disease Mutations. J Neurosci 2021; 41:5534-5552. [PMID: 34011527 PMCID: PMC8221598 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2074-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a trinucleotide expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Cell death in HD occurs primarily in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), but the involvement of specific MSN subtypes and of other striatal cell types remains poorly understood. To gain insight into cell type-specific disease processes, we studied the nuclear transcriptomes of 4524 cells from the striatum of a genetically precise knock-in mouse model of the HD mutation, HttQ175/+, and from wild-type controls. We used 14- to 15-month-old male mice, a time point at which multiple behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurophysiological changes are present but at which there is no known cell death. Thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were distributed across most striatal cell types, including transcriptional changes in glial populations that are not apparent from RNA-seq of bulk tissue. Reconstruction of cell type-specific transcriptional networks revealed a striking pattern of bidirectional dysregulation for many cell type-specific genes. Typically, these genes were repressed in their primary cell type, yet de-repressed in other striatal cell types. Integration with existing epigenomic and transcriptomic data suggest that partial loss-of-function of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) may underlie many of these transcriptional changes, leading to deficits in the maintenance of cell identity across virtually all cell types in the adult striatum.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by specific loss of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, accompanied by more subtle changes in many other cell types. It is thought that changes in transcriptional regulation are an important underlying mechanism, but cell type-specific gene expression changes are not well understood, particularly at time points relevant to the onset of disease-related symptoms. Single-nucleus (sn)RNA-seq in a genetically precise mouse model enabled us to identify novel patterns of transcriptional dysregulation because of HD mutations, including bidirectional dysregulation of many cell type identity genes that may be driven by partial loss-of-function of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC). Identifying these regulators of transcriptional dysregulation in HD can be leveraged to design novel disease-modifying therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Malaiya
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Marcia Cortes-Gutierrez
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Brian R Herb
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Sydney R Coffey
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
| | - Samuel R W Legg
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
| | - Jeffrey P Cantle
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
| | - Carlo Colantuoni
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Jeffrey B Carroll
- Department of Psychology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225
| | - Seth A Ament
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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