1
|
Blank V, Karlas T, Anderegg U, Wiegand J, Arnold J, Bundalian L, Le Duc GD, Körner C, Ebert T, Saalbach A. Thy-1 restricts steatosis and liver fibrosis in steatotic liver disease. Liver Int 2024; 44:2075-2090. [PMID: 38702958 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is generally considered to represent a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and includes a disease spectrum comprising isolated steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. A better understanding of the detailed underlying pathogenic mechanisms of this transition is crucial for the design of new and efficient therapeutic interventions. Thymocyte differentiation antigen (Thy-1, also known as CD90) expression on fibroblasts controls central functions relevant to fibrogenesis, including proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine responsiveness, and myofibroblast differentiation. METHODS The impact of Thy-1 on the development of SLD and progression to fibrosis was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced SLD wild-type and Thy-1-deficient mice. In addition, the serum soluble Thy-1 (sThy-1) concentration was analysed in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated SLD stratified according to steatosis, inflammation, or liver fibrosis using noninvasive markers. RESULTS We demonstrated that Thy-1 attenuates the development of fatty liver and the expression of profibrogenic genes in the livers of HFD-induced SLD mice. Mechanistically, Thy-1 directly inhibits the profibrotic activation of nonparenchymal liver cells. In addition, Thy-1 prevents palmitic acid-mediated amplification of the inflammatory response of myeloid cells, which might indirectly contribute to the pronounced development of liver fibrosis in Thy-1-deficient mice. Serum analysis of patients with metabolically associated steatotic liver disease syndrome revealed that sThy-1 expression is correlated with liver fibrosis status, as assessed by liver stiffness, the Fib4 score, and the NAFLD fibrosis score. CONCLUSION Our data strongly suggest that Thy-1 may function as a fibrosis-protective factor in mouse and human SLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Blank
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Interdisciplinary Ultrasound, Department of Internal Medicine I - Gastroenterology and Pneumology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Karlas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Wiegand
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Josi Arnold
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Linnaeus Bundalian
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriela-Diana Le Duc
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Körner
- Division of Hepatology, Clinic of Oncology, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Pneumology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tagliaferro M, Marino M, Basile V, Pocino K, Rapaccini GL, Ciasca G, Basile U, Carnazzo V. New Biomarkers in Liver Fibrosis: A Pass through the Quicksand? J Pers Med 2024; 14:798. [PMID: 39201990 PMCID: PMC11355846 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases (CLD) stem from various causes and lead to a gradual progression that ultimately may result in fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. This process is typically prolonged and asymptomatic, characterized by the complex interplay among various cell types, signaling pathways, extracellular matrix components, and immune responses. With the prevalence of CLD increasing, diagnoses are often delayed, which leads to poor prognoses and in some cases, the need for liver transplants. Consequently, there is an urgent need for the development of novel, non-invasive methods for the diagnosis and monitoring of CLD. In this context, serum biomarkers-safer, repeatable, and more acceptable alternatives to tissue biopsies-are attracting significant research interest, although their clinical implementation is not yet widespread. This review summarizes the latest advancements in serum biomarkers for detecting hepatic fibrogenesis and advocates for concerted efforts to consolidate current knowledge, thereby providing patients with early, effective, and accessible diagnoses that facilitate personalized therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Tagliaferro
- Dipartimento di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, A.U.S.L. Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.L.R.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valerio Basile
- Clinical Pathology Unit and Cancer Biobank, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, I.R.C.C.S. Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Krizia Pocino
- Clinical Pathology Unit, San Pietro Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gian Ludovico Rapaccini
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Dipartimento di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, A.U.S.L. Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.T.); (V.C.)
| | - Valeria Carnazzo
- Dipartimento di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, A.U.S.L. Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.T.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu B, Xie D, Huang X, Jin S, Dai Y, Sun X, Li D, Bennett AM, Diano S, Huang Y. Skeletal muscle TET3 promotes insulin resistance through destabilisation of PGC-1α. Diabetologia 2024; 67:724-737. [PMID: 38216792 PMCID: PMC10904493 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role in the maintenance of glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis by orchestrating metabolic programs in multiple tissues in response to environmental cues. In skeletal muscles, PGC-1α dysregulation has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes but the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. This research aims to understand the role of TET3, a member of the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family dioxygenases, in PGC-1α dysregulation in skeletal muscles in obesity and diabetes. METHODS TET expression levels in skeletal muscles were analysed in humans with or without type 2 diabetes, as well as in mouse models of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced or genetically induced (ob/ob) obesity/diabetes. Muscle-specific Tet3 knockout (mKD) mice were generated to study TET3's role in muscle insulin sensitivity. Genome-wide expression profiling (RNA-seq) of muscle tissues from wild-type (WT) and mKD mice was performed to mine deeper insights into TET3-mediated regulation of muscle insulin sensitivity. The correlation between PGC-1α and TET3 expression levels was investigated using muscle tissues and in vitro-derived myotubes. PGC-1α phosphorylation and degradation were analysed using in vitro assays. RESULTS TET3 expression was elevated in skeletal muscles of humans with type 2 diabetes and in HFD-fed and ob/ob mice compared with healthy controls. mKD mice exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and resilience to HFD-induced insulin resistance. Pathway analysis of RNA-seq identified 'Mitochondrial Function' and 'PPARα Pathway' to be among the top biological processes regulated by TET3. We observed higher PGC-1α levels (~25%) in muscles of mKD mice vs WT mice, and lower PGC-1α protein levels (~25-60%) in HFD-fed or ob/ob mice compared with their control counterparts. In human and murine myotubes, increased PGC-1α levels following TET3 knockdown contributed to improved mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity. TET3 formed a complex with PGC-1α and interfered with its phosphorylation, leading to its destabilisation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate an essential role for TET3 in the regulation of skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and suggest that TET3 may be used as a potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome. DATA AVAILABILITY Sequences are available from the Gene Expression Omnibus ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ) with accession number of GSE224042.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinmei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sungho Jin
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yangyang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Departments of Pharmacology and of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sabrina Diano
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang C, Ju H, Zhou L, Zhu Y, Wu L, Deng X, Jiang L, Sun L, Xu Y. TET3-mediated novel regulatory mechanism affecting trophoblast invasion and migration: Implications for preeclampsia development. Placenta 2024; 147:31-41. [PMID: 38295560 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant expression of genes has been demonstrated to be related to the abnormal function of trophoblasts and lead to the occurrence and progression of Preeclampsia (PE). However, the underlying mechanism of PE has not been elucidated. METHODS We performed PCR analysis to investigate TET3 expression in PE placental tissues. Cell assays were performed in HTR-8/SVneo and JAR. Cell invasion and migration events were investigated by transwell assays in vitro. ChIP-PCR and Targeted bisulfite sequencing were conducted to detect the demethylation of related CpG sites in the KLF13 promoter after inhibition of TET3. In conjunction with bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays were performed to elucidate the mechanism by which miR-544 binds to TET3/KLF13 mRNA. RESULTS In this study, we identified genes associated with human extravillous trophoblasts by conducting sc-seq analysis from the GEO. Then, we measured the expression of TET3 in a larger clinical sample. The results showed that TET3, a DNA demethylase, was found to be expressed at much higher levels in the preeclamptic placenta compared to the control. Then, the inhibition of TET3 significantly promoted trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Conversely, TET3 overexpression suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro. Further RNA sequencing and mechanism analysis indicated that the inhibition of TET3 suppressed the activation of KLF13 by reducing the demethylation of related CpG sites in the KLF13 promoter, thereby transcriptionally inactivating KLF13 expression. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay indicate that TET3 and KLF13 were direct targets of miR-544. DISCUSSION This study uncovers a TET3-mediated regulatory mechanism in PE progression and suggests that targeting the placental miR-544-TET3-KLF13-axis might provide new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huihui Ju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Changzhou Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liuxin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaokang Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingling Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song J, Lv H, Liu B, Hao M, Taylor HS, Zhang X, Li D, Huang Y. Let-7 suppresses liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis and TGF-β production. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101828. [PMID: 37898449 PMCID: PMC10641683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE FAS-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes and aberrant TGF-β signaling are major drivers of liver fibrosis. Decreased miRNA let-7 expression in the livers of patients and animals with fibrosis suggests a mechanistic link of let-7 to hepatic fibrogenesis. METHODS Using transient transfection we tested the effects of let-7 overexpression and TET3 siRNA knockdown on FAS and TGF-β1 expression and FAS-mediated apoptosis in human and mouse primary hepatocytes. We assessed the therapeutic activity of let-7 miRNA delivered via adeno-associated viral vectors in mouse models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis. RESULTS Let-7 decreased TGF-β1 production from hepatocytes through a negative feedback loop involving TET3. On the other hand, let-7 post-transcriptionally inhibits FAS expression, thereby suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis. Hepatic-specific delivery of let-7 miRNA mitigated liver fibrosis in both CCl4 and BDL mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Let-7 is a crucial node in the signaling networks that govern liver fibrosis progression. Let-7 and/or its derivatives may be used as therapeutic agents for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mingjun Hao
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Salama AM, Elmahy RA, Ibrahim HA, Amer AIM, Eltantawy AF, Elgendy DI. Effects of metformin on parasitological, pathological changes in the brain and liver and immunological aspects during visceral toxocariasis in mice. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3213-3231. [PMID: 37874393 PMCID: PMC10667394 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
There are currently insufficient anthelmintic medications available for the treatment of toxocariasis. For instance, Albendazole (ABZ) is the preferred medication, but its effectiveness against tissue-dwelling parasites is limited. In addition, Metformin (MTF) is a widely used oral antidiabetic medication that is considered to be safe for treatment. This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of MTF, alone or in combination with ABZ, on mice infections caused by Toxocara canis (T. canis). The efficacy of the treatment was assessed in the acute and chronic phases of the infection by larval recovery and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. The results showed that combined therapy significantly reduced larval counts in the liver, brain, and muscles and ameliorated hepatic and brain pathology. It reduced oxidative stress and TGF-β mRNA expression and increased FGF21 levels in the liver. It decreased TNF-α levels and MMP-9 expression in the brain. In addition, it increased serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ and decreased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10. In the acute and chronic phases of the infection, the combined treatment was more effective than ABZ alone. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of MTF as an adjuvant in the treatment of experimental T. canis infection when administered with ABZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Salama
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elmahy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina I Elgendy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang S, Friedman SL. Found in translation-Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0759. [PMID: 37792957 PMCID: PMC10671253 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe form of liver disease that poses a global health threat because of its potential to progress to advanced fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Recent advances in single-cell methodologies, refined disease models, and genetic and epigenetic insights have provided a nuanced understanding of MASH fibrogenesis, with substantial cellular heterogeneity in MASH livers providing potentially targetable cell-cell interactions and behavior. Unlike fibrogenesis, mechanisms underlying fibrosis regression in MASH are still inadequately understood, although antifibrotic targets have been recently identified. A refined antifibrotic treatment framework could lead to noninvasive assessment and targeted therapies that preserve hepatocellular function and restore the liver's architectural integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu M, Wang Z, Shi X, Zan D, Chen H, Yang S, Ding F, Yang L, Tan P, Ma RZ, Wang J, Ma L, Ma Y, Jin J. TGFβ1-RCN3-TGFBR1 loop facilitates pulmonary fibrosis by orchestrating fibroblast activation. Respir Res 2023; 24:222. [PMID: 37710230 PMCID: PMC10500825 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) bears high mortality due to unclear pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Therefore, identifying novel regulators is required to develop alternative therapeutic strategies. METHODS The lung fibroblasts from IPF patients and Reticulocalbin 3 (RCN3) fibroblast-selective knockdown mouse model were used to determine the importance of Rcn3 in IPF; the epigenetic analysis and protein interaction assays, including BioID, were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Reticulocalbin 3 (RCN3) upregulation is associated with the fibrotic activation of lung fibroblasts from IPF patients and Rcn3 overexpression blunts the antifibrotic effects of pirfenidone and nintedanib. Moreover, repressing Rcn3 expression in mouse fibroblasts ameliorates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and pulmonary dysfunction in vivo. Mechanistically, RCN3 promotes fibroblast activation by maintaining persistent activation of TGFβ1 signalling via the TGFβ1-RCN3-TGFBR1 positive feedback loop, in which RCN3 upregulated by TGFβ1 exposure detains EZH2 (an epigenetic methyltransferase) in the cytoplasm through RCN3-EZH2 interaction, leading to the release of the EZH2-H3K27me3 epigenetic repression of TGFBR1 and the persistent expression of TGFBR1. CONCLUSIONS These findings introduce a novel regulating mechanism of TGFβ1 signalling in fibroblasts and uncover a critical role of the RCN3-mediated loop in lung fibrosis. RCN3 upregulation may cause resistance to IPF treatment and targeting RCN3 could be a novel approach to ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingting Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Campus, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Campus, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Shi
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Zan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Campus, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqiao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Campus, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Fangping Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Campus, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Campus, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Beijing, China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children's Hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiawei Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Jingxi Campus, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Beijing, China.
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pan Q, Gao M, Kim D, Ai W, Yang W, Jiang W, Brashear W, Dai Y, Li S, Sun Y, Qi Y, Guo S. Hepatocyte FoxO1 Deficiency Protects From Liver Fibrosis via Reducing Inflammation and TGF-β1-mediated HSC Activation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:41-58. [PMID: 37678798 PMCID: PMC10665954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The O-class of the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 is a crucial factor mediating insulin→PI3K→Akt signaling and governs diverse cellular processes. However, the role of hepatocyte FoxO1 in liver fibrosis has not been well-established. In his study, we investigated the role of hepatocyte FoxO1 in liver fibrosis and uncovered the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Liver fibrosis was established by carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) administration and compared between liver-specific deletion of FoxO1 deletion (F1KO) and control (CNTR) mice. Using genetic and bioinformatic strategies in vitro and in vivo, the role of hepatic FoxO1 in liver fibrosis and associated mechanisms was established. RESULTS Increased FoxO1 expression and FoxO1 signaling activation were observed in CCL4-induced fibrosis. Hepatic FoxO1 deletion largely attenuated CCL4-induced liver injury and fibrosis compared with CNTR mice. F1KO mice showed ameliorated CCL4-induced hepatic inflammation and decreased TGF-β1 mRNA and protein levels compared with those of CNTR mice. In primary hepatocytes, FoxO1 deficiency reduced TGF-β1 expression and secretion. Conditioned medium (CM) collected from wild-type hepatocytes treated with CCL4 activated human HSC cell line (LX-2); such effect was attenuated by FoxO1 deletion in primary hepatocytes or neutralization of TGF-β1 in the CM using TGF-β1 antibody. Hepatic FoxO1 overexpression in CNTR mice promoted CCL4-induced HSC activation; such effect was blocked in L-TGF-β1KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic FoxO1 mediates CCL4-inducled liver fibrosis via upregulating hepatocyte TGF-β1 expression, stimulating hepatic inflammation and TGF-β1-mediated HSC activation. Hepatic FoxO1 may be a therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Pan
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mingming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China
| | - DaMi Kim
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Weiqi Ai
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wanbao Yang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Wesley Brashear
- High Performance Research Computing, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yujiao Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Yajuan Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, North China University of Science and Technology. Tangshan, China.
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shan L, Wang F, Zhai D, Meng X, Liu J, Lv X. Matrix metalloproteinases induce extracellular matrix degradation through various pathways to alleviate hepatic fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114472. [PMID: 37002573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the common consequence of various chronic liver injuries and is mainly characterized by the imbalance between the production and degradation of extracellular matrix, which leads to the accumulation of interstitial collagen and other matrix components. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors, that is, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), play a crucial role in collagen synthesis and lysis. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies of our laboratory found repressing extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation by restoring the balance between MMPs and TIMPs can alleviate liver fibrosis. We conducted a review of articles published in PubMed and Science Direct in the last decade until February 1, 2023, which were searched for using these words "MMPs/TIMPs" and "Hepatic Fibrosis." Through a literature review, this article reviews the experimental studies of liver fibrosis based on MMPs/TIMPs, summarizes the components that may exert an anti-liver fibrosis effect by affecting the expression or activity of MMPs/TIMPs, and attempts to clarify the mechanism of MMPs/TIMPs in regulating collagen homeostasis, so as to provide support for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. We found the MMP-TIMP-ECM interaction can result in better understanding of the pathogenesis and progression of hepatic fibrosis from a different angle, and targeting this interaction may be a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. Additionally, we summarized and analyzed the drugs that have been found to reduce liver fibrosis by changing the ratio of MMPs/TIMPs, including medicine natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Dandan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230011, China.
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng Y, Xie L, Yang D, Luo K, Li X. Small-molecule natural plants for reversing liver fibrosis based on modulation of hepatic stellate cells activation: An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 113:154721. [PMID: 36870824 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis (LF) is a trauma repair process carried out by the liver in response to various acute and chronic liver injuries. Its primary pathological characteristics are excessive proliferation and improper dismissal of the extracellular matrix, and if left untreated, it will progress into cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other diseases. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is intimately associated to the onset of LF, and it is anticipated that addressing HSCs proliferation can reverse LF. Plant-based small-molecule medications have anti-LF properties, and their mechanisms of action involve suppression of extracellular matrix abnormally accumulating as well as anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. New targeting HSC agents will therefore be needed to provide a potential curative response. PURPOSE The most recent HSC routes and small molecule natural plants that target HSC described domestically and internationally in recent years were examined in this review. METHODS The data was looked up using resources including ScienceDirect, CNKI, Web of Science, and PubMed. Keyword searches for information on hepatic stellate cells included "liver fibrosis", "natural plant", "hepatic stellate cells", "adverse reaction", "toxicity", etc. RESULTS: We discovered that plant monomers can target and control various pathways to prevent the activation and proliferation of HSC and promote the apoptosis of HSC in order to achieve the anti-LF effect in this work by compiling the plant monomers that influence many common pathways of HSC in recent years. It demonstrates the wide-ranging potential of plant monomers targeting different routes to combat LF, with a view to supplying new concepts and new strategies for natural plant therapy of LF as well as research and development of novel pharmaceuticals. The investigation of kaempferol, physalin B, and other plant monomers additionally motivated researchers to focus on the structure-activity link between the main chemicals and LF. CONCLUSION The creation of novel pharmaceuticals can benefit greatly from the use of natural components. They are often harmless for people, non-target creatures, and the environment because they are found in nature, and they can be employed as the starting chemicals for the creation of novel medications. Natural plants are valuable resources for creating new medications with fresh action targets because they feature original and distinctive action mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dejun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Feng LL, Liu RY, An K, Tang S, Wu J, Yang Q. TET3 as a non-invasive screening tool for the detection of fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6382. [PMID: 37076545 PMCID: PMC10115894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33564-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation protein 3 (TET3) is one of the key enzymes in DNA demethylation which can be expressed in liver tissues. However, the clinical value of TET3 for diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver disease have not been reported previously. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of serum TET3 as a non-invasive screening tool for liver fibrosis. 212 patients with chronic liver disease from were enrolled in this study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of TET3. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were determined to examine the diagnostic accuracy of TET3 and combination model for diagnosis fibrosis. Serum TET3 level in fibrosis cases was significantly higher than that in non-fibrosis and controls, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve of the TET3 and fibrosis-4 index for liver fibrosis were 0.863 and 0.813, and 0.916 and 0.957 for liver cirrhosis. The combination of TET3 and fibrosis-4 index had a highly promising positive predictive value for detecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis different stages of (93.5% and 100%) as compared with each diagnostic tool alone. TET3 is related to the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The TET3-fibrosis-4 model enhances discriminatory power and represents a promising non-invasive tool for the diagnosis and screening of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Feng
- Academic Research, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research On Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ran-Yang Liu
- Academic Research, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Kun An
- Hepatopathy Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Academic Research, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Hepatopathy Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Academic Research, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan M, Zhang Y, Shi H, Xiang L, Yao H, Lin R. Bone mesenchymal stem cells promote gastric cancer progression through TGF-β1/Smad2 positive feedback loop. Life Sci 2023; 323:121657. [PMID: 37019301 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proven to be recruited into the tumor microenvironment and contribute to gastric cancer (GC) progression, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the exact role and potential mechanism of BMSCs in the progression of GC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioinformatics analyzed were used to clarify the correlation between TGF-β1 and prognosis of gastric cancer. Cell co-culture were used to explore the interaction between gastric cancer cells (GCs) and BMSCs. Quantitative real time-PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect gene and protein expression, respectively. The biological characteristics of GCs and BMSCs were detected by immunofluorescence, Transwell migration, Elisa and invasion assay. Xenograft models in nude mice were constructed to evaluate GC development in vivo. KEY FINDINGS TGF-β1 was overexpressed in GC cells and tissues, and is positively related to the poor prognosis of patients. TGF-β1 from GCs activated the Smad2 pathway in BMSCs, promoting their differentiation into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and TGF-β1 expression. Concomitantly, TGF-β1 secreted by CAFs activate Smad2 signaling in GC cells, thus inducing their epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and TGF-β1 secretion. BMSCs can dramatically promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GCs while blocking TGF-β1/Smad2 positive feedback loop can reverse these effects. SIGNIFICANCE The TGF-β1/Smad2 positive feedback loop between GCs and BMSCs, promotes the CAFs differentiation of BMSCs and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of GCs, resulting in the progression of GC.
Collapse
|
14
|
Qiu J, Wu S, Wang P, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Sun Y, Jiang C. miR-488-5p mitigates hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis via suppressing TET3 expression. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:463-475. [PMID: 36001230 PMCID: PMC10119239 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Numerous studies have demonstrated that hepatic fibrosis, a progressive condition as an endpoint of multiple chronic hepatic diseases, is largely characterized with the extensive activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The precise effect of miR-488-5p in HSCs during hepatic fibrosis has not been elucidated. METHODS In our study, qRT-PCR was applied to assess the level of miR-488-5p in activated HSCs stimulated by TGF-β1. We built murine liver fibrosis models with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), high-fat diet (HFD) and bile duct ligation (BDL). In vitro, the effects of miR-488-5p in HSCs were examined through cell proliferation assay and apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay was applied to identify the underlying target of miR-488-5p. In vivo, the effects of miR-488-5p were explored through mouse liver fibrosis models. RESULTS The reduction of miR-488-5p in the activated HSCs induced by TGF-β1 and three mouse hepatic fibrosis models were identified. The in vitro functional experimentations verified that miR-488-5p restrained expression of fibrosis-related markers and proliferative capacity in HSCs. Mechanically, we identified that miR-488-5p inhibited tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 (TET3) expression via straightly binding onto the 3' UTR of its mRNA, which sequentially restrained the TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway. TET3 inhibition induced by the overexpression of miR-488-5p reduced extracellular matrix deposition, which contributed to mitigating mouse liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION We highlight that miR-488-5p restrains the activation of HSCs and hepatic fibrosis via targeting TET3 which is involved in the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Collectively, miR-488-5p is identified as a potential therapeutic target for hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, 223005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effendi WI, Nagano T. Epigenetics Approaches toward Precision Medicine for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Focus on DNA Methylation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041047. [PMID: 37189665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic information is not transmitted solely by DNA but by the epigenetics process. Epigenetics describes molecular missing link pathways that could bridge the gap between the genetic background and environmental risk factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Specific epigenetic patterns, especially DNA methylation, histone modifications, long non-coding, and microRNA (miRNAs), affect the endophenotypes underlying the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Among all the epigenetic marks, DNA methylation modifications have been the most widely studied in IPF. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning DNA methylation changes in pulmonary fibrosis and demonstrates a promising novel epigenetics-based precision medicine.
Collapse
|
16
|
Protein Acetylation Increased Risk of Fibrosis-Related Liver Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:3624635. [PMID: 36727157 PMCID: PMC9886473 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3624635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective The occurrence of liver fibrosis and fibrosis-related liver cancer is the reason for the increase in morbidity and mortality worldwide. Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is an important mediator of chronic liver fibrosis. This study aims to find the molecular mechanism that mediates HBV infection and induces TGF-β2 and verifies that CREB binding protein acetylation mediates HBV infection and induces TGF-β2 expression. Methods The acetylated proteins were extracted from HepG2-NTCP cells and HBV-infectedHepG2-NTCP cells. The acetylated proteins were screened by modification enrichment technology and database search. Protein annotation, motif analysis of modification sites, and protein function enrichment analysis of these proteins were performed to roughly clarify the location and function of these acetylated modification proteins in cells. Acylated proteins enriched in the TGF-β pathway were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The effect of the selected acetylated modification protein on the TGF-β pathway was verified by experiments, that is, the target protein gene was knocked out by siRNA, and the expression level of the TGF-β2 was detected by qRT-PCR. Results Proteins were extracted from HepG2-NTCP cells and HepG2-NTCP cells infected with HBV, and differential acetylation modification proteins were screened. The target protein CREB binding protein was screened by modification enrichment technology and database search. The aggregation analysis of TGF-β pathway showed that CREB binding protein was acetylated at amino acid positions 434 and 439, and enriched in the TGF-β signaling pathway. siRNA targeting CREB binding protein was transfected, and the expression of TGF-β2 in cells was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. It was verified that HBV infection-inducedCREB-binding protein acetylation regulated the high expression of TGF-β2. Conclusion After HBV infection, CREBBP acetylation was up-regulated, which promoted the high expression of TGF-β2.
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie D, Stutz B, Li F, Chen F, Lv H, Sestan-Pesa M, Catarino J, Gu J, Zhao H, Stoddard CE, Carmichael GG, Shanabrough M, Taylor HS, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Horvath TL, Huang Y. TET3 epigenetically controls feeding and stress response behaviors via AGRP neurons. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:162365. [PMID: 36189793 PMCID: PMC9525119 DOI: 10.1172/jci162365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The TET family of dioxygenases promote DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Hypothalamic agouti-related peptide-expressing (AGRP-expressing) neurons play an essential role in driving feeding, while also modulating nonfeeding behaviors. Besides AGRP, these neurons produce neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the neurotransmitter GABA, which act in concert to stimulate food intake and decrease energy expenditure. Notably, AGRP, NPY, and GABA can also elicit anxiolytic effects. Here, we report that in adult mouse AGRP neurons, CRISPR-mediated genetic ablation of Tet3, not previously known to be involved in central control of appetite and metabolism, induced hyperphagia, obesity, and diabetes, in addition to a reduction of stress-like behaviors. TET3 deficiency activated AGRP neurons, simultaneously upregulated the expression of Agrp, Npy, and the vesicular GABA transporter Slc32a1, and impeded leptin signaling. In particular, we uncovered a dynamic association of TET3 with the Agrp promoter in response to leptin signaling, which induced 5hmC modification that was associated with a chromatin-modifying complex leading to transcription inhibition, and this regulation occurred in both the mouse models and human cells. Our results unmasked TET3 as a critical central regulator of appetite and energy metabolism and revealed its unexpected dual role in the control of feeding and other complex behaviors through AGRP neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Bernardo Stutz
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Haining Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| | - Matija Sestan-Pesa
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jonatas Catarino
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher E Stoddard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gordon G Carmichael
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences.,Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, and
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ren Z, Cui S, Lyu S, Wang J, Zhou L, Jia Y, He Q, Lang R. Establishment of rat allogenic vein replacement model and pathological characteristics of the replaced vessels. Front Surg 2022; 9:984959. [PMID: 36157414 PMCID: PMC9500297 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.984959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundWith the advancement of vascular anastomosis techniques in recent years, radical surgery for tumors combined with venous vascular resection and reconstruction has been widely used. This study intends to establish two different rat vein replacement models, and further analyze the pathological changes of blood vessels after replacement.MethodsBrown-Norway (BN) rats were selected as donors and recipients, randomly divided into control group, cuff group (1-week group, 2-week group, and 4-week group), and suture group (1-week group, 2-week group, and 4-week group), with 6 rats in each group. The perioperative conditions, inner diameter, flow velocity and histopathological changes of the replaced vessels at different time points were analyzed.ResultsBoth cuff group and suture group can safely establish the rat vein replacement model. From the surgical operation, the operation time and venous cross-clamp time in the cuff group were shorter than those in the suture group (P < 0.05). At 2 and 4 weeks after operation, the diameter of suture group was wider than that of cuff group, and the flow rate was faster (P < 0.05). With prolonged postoperative survival, the wall of the replaced vessels underwent infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and high TGF-β1 gene expression. This leads to the proliferation of blood vessels and intimal layer. The results of vascular pathological staining showed that the infiltration degree of CD4+ lymphocytes at 2 weeks after operation and CD8+ lymphocytes at 4 weeks after operation in the suture group was lighter than that in the cuff group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, TGF-β1 gene content at 4 weeks after operation in suture group was significantly lower than that in cuff group (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with cuff method, suture method is more suitable for the study of long-term pathological changes after vein replacement in rats. The main pathological changes in the long term after venous replacement in syngeneic background may be vascular fibrosis caused by inflammatory cell infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang He
- Correspondence: Ren Lang Qiang He
| | - Ren Lang
- Correspondence: Ren Lang Qiang He
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pandey SP, Bender MJ, McPherson AC, Phelps CM, Sanchez LM, Rana M, Hedden L, Sangani KA, Chen L, Shapira JH, Siller M, Goel C, Verdú EF, Jabri B, Chang A, Chandran UR, Mullett SJ, Wendell SG, Singhi AD, Tilstra JS, Pierre JF, Arteel GE, Hinterleitner R, Meisel M. Tet2 deficiency drives liver microbiome dysbiosis triggering Tc1 cell autoimmune hepatitis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1003-1019.e10. [PMID: 35658976 PMCID: PMC9841318 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The triggers that drive interferon-γ (IFNγ)-producing CD8 T cell (Tc1 cell)-mediated autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remain obscure. Here, we show that lack of hematopoietic Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (Tet2), an epigenetic regulator associated with autoimmunity, results in the development of microbiota-dependent AIH-like pathology, accompanied by hepatic enrichment of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand-producing pathobionts and rampant Tc1 cell immunity. We report that AIH-like disease development is dependent on both IFNγ and AhR signaling, as blocking either reverts ongoing AIH-like pathology. Illustrating the critical role of AhR-ligand-producing pathobionts in this condition, hepatic translocation of the AhR ligand indole-3-aldehyde (I3A)-releasing Lactobacillus reuteri is sufficient to trigger AIH-like pathology. Finally, we demonstrate that I3A is required for L. reuteri-induced Tc1 cell differentiation in vitro and AIH-like pathology in vivo, both of which are restrained by Tet2 within CD8 T cells. This AIH-disease model may contribute to the development of therapeutics to alleviate AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surya P Pandey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Bender
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alex C McPherson
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Phelps
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Mohit Rana
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee Hedden
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kishan A Sangani
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jake H Shapira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Siller
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chhavi Goel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elena F Verdú
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bana Jabri
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uma R Chandran
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Health Sciences Metabolomics and Lipidomics Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aatur D Singhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy S Tilstra
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gavin E Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Reinhard Hinterleitner
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marlies Meisel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Robarts DR, Venneman KK, Gunewardena S, Apte U. GenX induces fibroinflammatory gene expression in primary human hepatocytes. Toxicology 2022; 477:153259. [PMID: 35850385 PMCID: PMC9741548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity induced by the persistent organic pollutants per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is dependent on the length of their polyfluorinated tail. Long-chain PFASs have significantly longer half-lives and profound toxic effects compared to their short-chain counterparts. Recently, production of a short-chain PFAS substitute called ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy) propanoate, also known as GenX, has significantly increased. However, the adverse health effects of GenX are not completely known. In this study, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of GenX on primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Freshly isolated PHH were treated with either 0.1, 10, or 100 μM of GenX for 48 and 96 h; then, global transcriptomic changes were determined using Human Clariom™ D arrays. GenX-induced transcriptional changes were similar at 0.1 and 10 μM doses but were significantly different at the 100 μM dose. Genes involved in lipid, monocarboxylic acid, and ketone metabolism were significantly altered following exposure of PHH at all doses. However, at the 100 μM dose, GenX caused changes in genes involved in cell proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis. A correlation analysis of concentration and differential gene expression revealed that 576 genes positively (R > 0.99) and 375 genes negatively (R < -0.99) correlated with GenX concentration. The upstream regulator analysis indicated HIF1α was inhibited at the lower doses but were activated at the higher dose. Additionally, VEGF, PPARα, STAT3, and SMAD4 signaling was induced at the 100 µM dose. These data indicate that at lower doses GenX can interfere with metabolic pathways and at higher doses can induce fibroinflammatory changes in human hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dakota R Robarts
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Kaitlyn K Venneman
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen XF, Wang Y, Ji S, Sun X, Feng Q, Yu H, Liu C. Hepatoprotective Efficacy and Interventional Mechanism of Qijia Rougan Decoction in Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911250. [PMID: 35846987 PMCID: PMC9283647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a leading contributor to chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver cancer, which pose a serious health threat worldwide, and there are no effective drugs to treat it. Qijia Rougan decoction was modified from Sanjiasan, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) described in the “Wenyilun” manuscript. Qijia Rougan decoction possesses hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effects for clinical applications. However, its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, fibrotic rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were treated with two doses of Qijia Rougan decoction. Histopathological and serum biochemical analyses were carried out to assess liver structure and function, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was performed to identify bioactive compositions in Qijia Rougan decoction. Transcriptome analysis using mRNA-sequencing (mRNA-Seq) was used to explore the underlying mechanisms and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Qijia Rougan decoction significantly attenuated CCl4-induced hepatic fibrotic injury, supported by promoted liver function and improved liver fibrosis. Eight main representative components originating from raw materials in the Qijia Rougan decoction were found to possess an antifibrotic role. Mechanistically, Qijia Rougan decoction regulated biological processes such as oxidation–reduction, fatty acid metabolism, cell adhesion, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling. We determined that Qijia Rougan decoction reversed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the activation of fibrosis-related TGFβ signaling. It also reversed the deterioration of liver structure and function in rats induced by CCl4. Overall, Qijia Rougan decoction significantly mediated metabolism-associated processes, inhibited inflammatory reactions, and repressed fibrosis-related TGFβ signaling, which prevented liver fibrosis deterioration. Our study deepens our understanding of TCM in the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Han Yu
- *Correspondence: Han Yu, ; Chao Liu,
| | - Chao Liu
- *Correspondence: Han Yu, ; Chao Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Value of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in HBV-Carrying High-Risk Hepatocellular Carcinoma Population: An Evaluation Based on Differential Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4835417. [PMID: 35651922 PMCID: PMC9150989 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4835417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To clarify the application value of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in evaluating the progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on difference analysis. Methods. A total of 180 patients were enrolled. Among them, 84 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection while no progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were included in the control group (CG), and 96 patients with HCC developed from HBV infection were included in the research group (RG). Two-thirds of the samples were used in the training set and 1/3 samples in the validation set to detect the level of 5hmC in both groups based on the modified nano-hmC-Seal technique. The expression levels of 5hmC-related genes TET2 and TET3 were quantified by qPCR, and the correlation between TET3 and 5hmC was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the application value of the TET3-based 5hmC prediction model in the early diagnosis of HCC. Results. (i) The expression of 5hmC in RG was lower than that in CG, no matter in the training set or the validation set. (ii) 5hmC was significantly enriched in the region between the transcription initiation site and the transcription end site but was depleted in the flanking region. (iii) 5hmC-related genes TET2 and TET3 were significantly downregulated in HCC patients, whether in the training set or the validation set. (iv) In both the training and validation sets, TET3 showed a positive association with 5hmC. (v) ROC analysis results showed that the 5hmC prediction model could be used to predict the progression of CHB to HCC (training set:
, 0.729-0.893; validation set:
, 0.739-0.936). Conclusions. TET3 expression based on 5hmC sequencing is a landmark molecule for evaluating the progression of HCC in CHB patients, which is worthy of further study and promotion.
Collapse
|
23
|
李 舒, 杨 启, 左 安, 田 林, 霍 金, 蒙 艳, 汤 庆, 王 伟. [Preparation of purified proteins from fresh Pheretima and their inhibitory effect against pulmonary fibrosis in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:618-624. [PMID: 35527500 PMCID: PMC9085584 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.04.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a convenient method for rapid purification of fresh Pheretima proteins and assess the inhibitory effect of these proteins against pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS The crude extract of fresh Pheretima was obtained by freeze-drying method and then purified by size exclusion chromatography. The composition of the purified proteins was analyzed by mass spectrometry. MRC-5 cells were treated with 5 ng/mL TGF-β1 alone (model group) or in combination with SB431542 (2 μmol/L) or the purified proteins (13.125 μg/mL), and the cytotoxicity of purified proteins and their inhibitory effects on cell proliferation were detected with CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in cell apoptosis, and the cellular expressions of α-SMA, Vimentin, E-cadherin, collagen I, Smad2/3 and P-Smad2/3 were detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting. In the animal experiment, adult male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intratracheal instillation of bleomycin followed by treatment with the purified proteins (5 mg/mL) for 21 days, after which HE and Masson staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the lung tissue of the mice. RESULTS We successfully obtained purified proteins from fresh Pheretima protein by size exclusion chromatography. Treatment with the purified proteins significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced proliferation of MRC-5 cells (P < 0.01), reduced the cellular expressions of α-SMA, Vimentin and collagen I (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01), increased the expression of E-cadherin (P < 0.01), and inhibited the expressions of Smad2/3 and P-Smad2/3 (P < 0.001 or P < 0.01). In male C57BL/6 mice models of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, treatment with the purified proteins obviously reduced the number of inflammatory cells and fibrotic area in the lungs. CONCLUSION The purified proteins from fresh Pheretima obtained by size exclusion chromatography can inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating the TGF-β/ Smad pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 舒雨 李
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 启鑫 杨
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 安娜 左
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 林华 田
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - 金海 霍
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - 艳丽 蒙
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - 庆发 汤
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - 伟明 王
- 南方医科大学中医药学院//广东省中药制剂重点实验室//广东省中药制剂技术工程实验室,广东 广州 510515School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University//Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics//Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510515, China
- 黑龙江中医药科学院中药所,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036Institute of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xie D, Chen F, Zhang Y, Shi B, Song J, Chaudhari K, Yang SH, Zhang GJ, Sun X, Taylor HS, Li D, Huang Y. Let-7 underlies metformin-induced inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122217119. [PMID: 35344434 PMCID: PMC9169108 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122217119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceA clear mechanistic understanding of metformin's antidiabetic effects is lacking. This is because suprapharmacological concentrations of metformin have been used in most studies. Using mouse models and human primary hepatocytes, we show that metformin, at clinically relevant doses, suppresses hepatic glucose production by activating a conserved regulatory pathway encompassing let-7, TET3, and a fetal isoform of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α). We demonstrate that metformin no longer has potent antidiabetic actions in a liver-specific let-7 loss-of-function mouse model and that hepatic delivery of let-7 ameliorates hyperglycemia and improves glucose homeostasis. Our results thus reveal an important role of the hepatic let-7/TET3/HNF4α axis in mediating the therapeutic effects of metformin and suggest that targeting this axis may be a potential therapeutic for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Xie
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Bei Shi
- Medical Basic Experimental Teaching Center, China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Kiran Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Shao-Hua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Institute for Healthy Aging, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107
| | - Gary J. Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Hugh S. Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Da Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yingqun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cho K, Kim NH, Seo SH, Song SH, Jeong CH, Kim HS, Um JE, Ku M, Yang J, Park JY, Ahn SH, Yook JI, Kim SU. A micellized bone morphogenetic protein-7 prodrug ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing transforming growth factor- β signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:763-778. [PMID: 35261800 PMCID: PMC8900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) antagonizes transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is critically involved in liver fibrogenesis. Here, we designed a micelle formulation consisting of a protein transduction domain (PTD) fused BMP-7 polypeptide (mPTD-BMP-7) to enhance endocytic delivery, and investigated its ability to ameliorate liver fibrosis. The mPTD-BMP-7 formulation was efficiently delivered into cells via endocytosis, where it inhibited TGF-β mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. After successfully demonstrating delivery of fluorescently labeled mPTD-BMP-7 into the murine liver in vivo, we tested the mPTD-BMP-7 formulation in a murine liver fibrosis model, developed by repeated intraperitoneal injection of hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride, twice weekly from 4 to 16 weeks. mPTD-BMP-7 effects were tested by injecting the mPTD-BMP-7 formulation (or vehicle control) into the lateral tail at a dose of 50 (n=8) or 500 μg/kg (n=10), also twice per week from 4 to 16 weeks. Vehicle-treated control mice developed fibrous septa surrounding the liver parenchyma and marked portal-to-portal bridging with occasional nodules, whereas mice treated with mPTD-BMP-7 showed only fibrous expansion of some portal areas, with or without short fibrous septa. Using the Ishak scoring system, we found that the fibrotic burden was significantly lower in mPTD-BMP-7 treated mice than in control mice (all P<0.001). Treatment with mPTD-BMP-7 protected tight junctions between hepatocytes and reduced extracellular matrix protein levels. It also significantly decreased mRNA levels of collagen 1A, smooth muscle α-actin, and connective tissue growth factor compared with that in control mice (all P<0.001). Collectively, out results indicate that mPTD-BMP-7, a prodrug formulation of BMP-7, ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β signaling pathway in a murine liver fibrosis model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjoo Cho
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Seo
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hee Jeong
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | | | - Minhee Ku
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
- MET Life Sciences LtdSeoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu Y, Wu D, Hui B, Shu L, Tang X, Wang C, Xie J, Yin Y, Sagnelli M, Yang N, Jiang Z, Zhang Y, Sun L. A novel regulatory mechanism network mediated by lncRNA TUG1 that induces the impairment of spiral artery remodeling in Preeclampsia. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1692-1705. [PMID: 35124178 PMCID: PMC9077368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with maternal and fetal perinatal morbidity and mortality, which brings tremendous suffering and imposes an economic burden worldwide. The failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling may be related to the abnormal function of trophoblasts and lead to the occurrence and progression of PE. Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in the failure of uterine spiral artery remodeling. However, the regulation of lncRNA expression in PE is poorly characterized. Here, we reported that hypoxia-induced microRNA (miR)-218 inhibited the expression of lncRNA TUG1 by targeting FOXP1. Further RNA sequencing and mechanism analysis revealed that silencing of TUG1 increased the expression of DNA demethylase TET3 and proliferation-related DUSP family, including DUSP2, DUSP4, and DUSP5, via binding to SUV39H1 in the nucleus. Moreover, TUG1 modulated the DUSP family in vitro through a TET3-mediated epigenetic mechanism. Taken together, our results unmask a new regulatory network mediated by TUG1 as an essential determinant of the pathogenesis of PE, which regulates cell growth and possibly the occurrence and development of other diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Extracellular Vesicles from miR-148a-5p-Enriched Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Relieve Hepatic Fibrosis by Targeting Smad4. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:535-545. [PMID: 35006577 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a hallmark feature of many chronic liver diseases, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles have been applied in many diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the specific mechanism of extracellular vesicles from BMSCs in liver fibrosis. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to screen miRNA and its target mRNA. Sirius Red staining was carried out to examine fibrosis in liver tissues. Extracellular vesicle morphology was assessed using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis were performed to detect the expressions of miR-148a-5p, Smad4, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), Collagen I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and extracellular vesicle markers CD9, TSG101, CD63, and calnexin. Dual-luciferase report gene assay was used for the luciferase activity analysis. Bioinformatics analysis revealed miR-148a-5p as a regulator in liver fibrosis. QRT-PCR results indicated that miR-148a-5p was lowly expressed in both thioacetamide (TAA)-induced mice and TGF-β1-activated hepatic stellate cells. Extracellular vesicles from miR-148a-5p enriched BMSCs downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1, TIMP-1, Collagen I, and α-SMA. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that Smad4 was related to liver fibrosis. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase report gene assay confirmed the binding relationship between miR-148a-5p and Smad4. Extracellular vesicles from miR-148a-5p enriched BMSCs attenuated hepatic fibrosis in liver fibrosis by targeting Smad4.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chi J, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, Gao M. TET3 Mediates 5hmC Level and Promotes Tumorigenesis by Activating AMPK Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:2658727. [PMID: 35755313 PMCID: PMC9217609 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2658727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant tumor. The accurate risk stratification and prognosis assessment is particularly important for patients with thyroid cancer, which can reduce the tumor recurrence rate, morbidity, and mortality effectively. DNA methylation is one of the most widely studied epigenetic modifications. Many studies have shown that 5hmC-mediated demethylation played an important role in tumors. The hydroxylation of 5mC is catalyzed by ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase (TET). In this study, we first found that the abnormal expression of 5hmC was closely related to microcarcinoma, multifocal, extraglandular invasion and lymph node metastasis of thyroid carcinoma. Then, we identified TET3 was differentially expressed in thyroid cancers and normal tissues from the TET family. TET3 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer. TET3-mediated 5hmC can regulate the transcription of AMPK pathway-related genes to activate the AMPK pathway and autophagy and therefore promote PTC proliferation. These findings provide a preclinical rationale for the design of novel therapeutic strategies for this target to improve the clinical outcome of patients with PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Chi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yigong Li
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No. 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300121, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dai W, Qin Q, Li Z, Lin L, Li R, Fang Z, Han Y, Mu W, Ren L, Liu T, Zhan X, Xiao X, Bai Z. Curdione and Schisandrin C Synergistically Reverse Hepatic Fibrosis via Modulating the TGF-β Pathway and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763864. [PMID: 34858986 PMCID: PMC8631446 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is the final pathway of several chronic liver diseases, which is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix due to chronic hepatocyte damage. Activation of hepatic stellate cells and oxidative stress (OS) play an important role in mediating liver damage and initiating hepatic fibrosis. Hence, hepatic fibrosis can be reversed by inhibiting multiple channels such as oxidative stress, liver cell damage, or activation of hepatic stellate cells. Liuwei Wuling Tablets is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with the effect of anti- hepatic fibrosis, but the composition and mechanism of reversing hepatic fibrosis are still unclear. Our study demonstrated that one of the main active components of the Chinese medicine Schisandra chinensis, schisandrin C (Sin C), significantly inhibited oxidative stress and prevented hepatocyte injury. Meanwhile one of the main active components of the Chinese medicine Curdione inhibited hepatic stellate cell activation by targeting the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. The further in vivo experiments showed that Sin C, Curdione and the combination of both have the effect of reversing liver fibrosis in mice, and the combined effect of inhibiting hepatic fibrosis is superior to treatment with Sin C or Curdione alone. Our study provides a potential candidate for multi-molecular or multi-pathway combination therapies for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis and demonstrates that combined pharmacotherapy holds great promise in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Dai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhie Fang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhong Han
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lutong Ren
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Novel Therapeutic Targets in Liver Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:766855. [PMID: 34805276 PMCID: PMC8602792 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.766855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is end-stage liver disease that can be rescued. If irritation continues due to viral infection, schistosomiasis and alcoholism, liver fibrosis can progress to liver cirrhosis and even cancer. The US Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drugs that act directly against liver fibrosis. The only treatments currently available are drugs that eliminate pathogenic factors, which show poor efficacy; and liver transplantation, which is expensive. This highlights the importance of clarifying the mechanism of liver fibrosis and searching for new treatments against it. This review summarizes how parenchymal, nonparenchymal cells, inflammatory cells and various processes (liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cell activation, cell death and proliferation, deposition of extracellular matrix, cell metabolism, inflammation and epigenetics) contribute to liver fibrosis. We highlight discoveries of novel therapeutic targets, which may provide new insights into potential treatments for liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu T, Chen S, Xie X, Liu H, Wang Y, Qi S, Shi L, Zhou X, Zhang J, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen S, Dou S, Jiang X, Cui R, Jiang H. Soluble TREM-1, as a new ligand for the membrane receptor Robo2, promotes hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:11113-11127. [PMID: 34750987 PMCID: PMC8650037 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) exists in two forms: a transmembrane form and a soluble form (sTREM‐1). The levels of sTREM‐1 are elevated in supernatants of activated HSCs. However, the role of sTREM‐1 in HSC activation and liver fibrosis remains undefined. Previous studies have primarily focused on the transmembrane form of TREM‐1; we innovatively observed the function of sTREM‐1 as a ligand in liver fibrosis and screened its receptor. Here, recombinant sTREM‐1 was used as a stimulator which induced HSC activation and further aggravated liver fibrosis. Then, screening for sTREM‐1 interacting membrane receptors was performed using pull‐down assay followed by mass spectrometry, and the membrane receptor roundabout guidance receptor 2 (Robo2) was identified as a candidate receptor for sTREM‐1. The interaction between sTREM‐1 and Robo2 was verified by pull‐down and immunofluorescence. The role of Robo2 on sTREM‐1‐induced HSC activation and its downstream signal pathways was assessed by knockdown of Robo2 in LX‐2 cells. Furthermore, HSC‐specific knockdown of Robo2 was achieved in a mouse model of liver fibrosis by using a recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vector to confirm the role of the receptor, and we proved that Robo2 knockdown inhibited the activation of HSC and liver fibrosis, which also led to the inactivation of Smad2/3 and PI3K/Akt pathways in sTREM‐1‐induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. In conclusion, sTREM‐1 acts as a new ligand of Robo2; the binding of sTREM‐1 to Robo2 initiates the activation of the downstream Smad2/3 and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways, thereby promoting HSC activation and liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shujia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoli Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hongqun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongjuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shengbin Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linping Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiuna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shengxiong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Shiying Dou
- Department of infectious diseases, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ruolin Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Huiqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu A, Jin M, Xie L, Jing M, Zhou Y, Tang M, Lin T, Wang D. Loss of miR-29a impairs decidualization of endometrial stromal cells by TET3 mediated demethylation of Col1A1 promoter. iScience 2021; 24:103065. [PMID: 34568789 PMCID: PMC8449092 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A conceptual framework for understanding abnormal endometrial decidualization, with considerable significance for the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal decidualization-related changes in non-receptive endometrium in implantation failure during early pregnancy is very important. Here, we found the expression levels of miR-29a in endometrial tissues were associated with the menstrual phases and pregnancy outcome. Inhibition of miR-29a led to decreased decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) in vitro, whereas Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3 (TET3) and its potential demethylation target, the collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1A1), were restored. The binding capacity of TET3 to the Col1A1 promoter could be enhanced by the inhibition of miR-29a. Finally, deletion of TET3 rescued the inhibitory effect of the miR-29a antagomir on the proliferation of decidualized ESCs in vitro and embryo implantation in vivo. Thus, loss of miR-29a causes implantation failure because of the limitation of ESCs decidualization-related changes in non-receptive endometrium during early pregnancy. Loss of miR-29a inhibits decidualization of ESCs TET3 demethylates the Col1A1 promoter Loss of miR-29a enhances the binding capacity of TET3 to the Col1A1 promoter Loss of miR-29a suppresses embryo implantation during early pregnancy in mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Liu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Laidi Xie
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Mengyu Jing
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Dimin Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Q, Wei S, Li L, Bu Q, Zhou H, Su W, Liu Z, Wang M, Lu L. miR-139-5p sponged by LncRNA NEAT1 regulates liver fibrosis via targeting β-catenin/SOX9/TGF-β1 pathway. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:243. [PMID: 34531378 PMCID: PMC8446030 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a patho-physiological process which can develop into cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma without intervention. Our study extensively investigated the mechanisms of lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-139-5p in regulating liver fibrosis progression. Our results demonstrated that the expression of lncRNA NEAT1 was increased and the expression of miR-139-5p was decreased in fibrotic liver tissues. LncRNA NEAT1 could sponge miR-139-5p and promoted hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation by directly inhibiting the expression of miR-139-5p. The co-localization of lncRNA NEAT1 with miR-139-5p was shown in the cytosols of activated HSCs. miR-139-5p upregulation could suppress the expression of β-catenin. The overexpression of β-catenin promoted HSCs activation. Moreover, we found that β-catenin could interact with SOX9 promoted HSCs activation. Our further studies demonstrated that SOX9 could bind with the TGF-β1 promoter and promoted the transcription activity of TGF-β1. The upregulation of TGF-β1 further promoted HSCs activation. In vivo study also suggested that lncRNA NEAT1 knockdown and miR-139-5p overexpression alleviated murine liver fibrosis. LncRNA NEAT1 exacerbated liver fibrosis by suppressing the expression of miR-139-5p. Collectively, our study suggested that miR-139-5p sponged by lncRNA NEAT1 regulated liver fibrosis via targeting β-catenin/SOX9/TGF-β1 Pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingfa Bu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Wantong Su
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang F, Li H, Li Y, Hao Y, Wang C, Jia P, Chen X, Ma S, Xiao Z. Crosstalk between hepatic stellate cells and surrounding cells in hepatic fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108051. [PMID: 34426110 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis represents as a dynamic pathological process characterized by the net accumulation of extracellular matrix in the progression of various chronic liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is well-defined to play a central role in the initiation and progression of hepatic fibrosis. However, the activation of HSCs is affected by the complicated microenvironments in liver, which largely attributes to the communication between hepatocytes and multiple tissue-resident cells, including sinusoidal endothelial cells, bile duct epithelial cells, platelets, T cells, B cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, in the direct or indirect mechanisms. Cellular crosstalk between HSCs and surrounding cells contributes to the activation of HSCs and the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Currently, accumulating evidence have proven the complexity and plasticity of HSCs activation, and further clarification of cellular communication between HSCs and surrounding cells will provide sufficient clue to the development of novel diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Yang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaokun Hao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pan Jia
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinju Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Suping Ma
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Zhun Xiao
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xia S, Wang Z, Chen L, Zhou Y, Li Y, Wang S, Chen A, Xu X, Shao J, Zhang Z, Tan S, Zhang F, Zheng S. Dihydroartemisinin regulates lipid droplet metabolism in hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting lncRNA-H19-induced AMPK signal. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114730. [PMID: 34400125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a central event in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and is often accompanied by the disappearance of lipid droplets (LDs). Although interference with LD metabolism can effectively reverse the activation of HSCs, there is currently no effective therapy for liver fibrosis. Our previous evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-H19 plays an essential role in LD metabolism of HSC. In this study, we investigated the potential molecular mechanism of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) inhibits LD metabolism and liver fibrosis by regulating H19-AMPK pathway. We found that DHA restores LDs content in activated HSCs via reducing the transcription of H19 driven by hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1α) and inhibiting the lipid oxidation signal mediated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. In vivo experiments, we have proved that DHA reduced the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and reduce the level of liver fibrosis in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis of mice. In summary, our results emphasize the importance of H19 in liver fibrosis and the potential of DHA to regulate H19 to treat liver fibrosis, providing a new direction for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Xia
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Li Chen
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Li
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250035, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, MO 63104, USA
| | - Xuefen Xu
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Myofibroblasts: Function, Formation, and Scope of Molecular Therapies for Skin Fibrosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081095. [PMID: 34439762 PMCID: PMC8391320 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their persistent presence in tissues is central to driving fibrosis, making them attractive cell targets for the development of therapeutic treatments. However, due to shared cellular markers with several other phenotypes, the specific targeting of myofibroblasts has long presented a scientific and clinical challenge. In recent years, myofibroblasts have drawn much attention among scientific research communities from multiple disciplines and specialisations. As further research uncovers the characterisations of myofibroblast formation, function, and regulation, the realisation of novel interventional routes for myofibroblasts within pathologies has emerged. The research community is approaching the means to finally target these cells, to prevent fibrosis, accelerate scarless wound healing, and attenuate associated disease-processes in clinical settings. This comprehensive review article describes the myofibroblast cell phenotype, their origins, and their diverse physiological and pathological functionality. Special attention has been given to mechanisms and molecular pathways governing myofibroblast differentiation, and updates in molecular interventions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Splenectomy improves liver fibrosis via tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (LIGHT) through the JNK/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:393-406. [PMID: 33654222 PMCID: PMC8080781 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenectomy has been reported to improve liver fibrosis in patients with cirrhosis and hypersplenism. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14; also known as LIGHT) is highly expressed in the context of fibrosis and promotes disease progression in patients with fibrotic diseases such as pulmonary and skin fibrosis. Here, we determined whether splenectomy controls the production of LIGHT to improve liver fibrosis. Splenectomy reduced serum LIGHT levels in cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism and a ConA-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Blocking LIGHT resulted in the downregulation of TGF-β1 in RAW264.7 cells. LIGHT treatment of RAW264.7 and JS1 cells in coculture regulated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression through the activation of JNK signaling. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) in macrophages resulted in pronounced decreases in the levels of fibrosis and αSMA in JS1 cells. These results indicated that LIGHT bound to LTβR and drove liver fibrosis in vitro. Blocking TGF-β1 abolished the effect of LIGHT in vitro. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant murine LIGHT protein-induced liver fibrosis with splenectomy, while blocking LIGHT without splenectomy improved liver fibrosis in vivo, revealing that the decrease in fibrosis following splenectomy was directly related to reduced levels of LIGHT. Thus, high levels of LIGHT derived from the spleen and hepatic macrophages activate JNK signaling and lead to increased TGF-β1 production in hepatic macrophages. Splenectomy attenuates liver fibrosis by decreasing the expression of LIGHT.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lyu SC, Wang J, Zhou L, Zhu JQ, Pan F, Jiang T, Lang R, He Q. Mechanism of scar formation following Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy in a novel rat model of obstructive jaundice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:456. [PMID: 33850853 PMCID: PMC8039641 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to analyze the scar formation mechanism following Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy (CJS) in a novel rat model of obstructive jaundice. Methods The biliary obstruction model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established in advance, and 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (control group, 1-day ligation group, 3-day ligation group, and 5-day ligation group). Changes in postoperative weight, common bile duct diameter, and laboratory indexes were analyzed to determine the best operation time. Roux-en-Y CJS in rats was studied based on the model, and the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups [control group, 3-day choledochojejunostomy (CJS) group, 7-day CJS group, and 30-day CJS group]. The same indexes were analyzed, and the characteristics of scar formation were evaluated by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction examination. Results The third day after common bile duct ligation is the best time for a Roux-en-Y CJS. The common bile duct diameter expands to 4.2 mm on average, and these physiological characteristics are consistent with current standard clinical findings. After completing CJS, the rats’ weight returned to normal levels, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), and C-reactive protein (CRP) indexes gradually decreased (P<0.05). Anastomotic stoma diameter tended to narrow with time and was significantly narrower on day 30 than preoperation. After CJS, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) peaked in the early stage and was still higher than that of the control group in the bile duct wall 1 month postoperatively (P<0.05). Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression gradually increased and was higher than that of the control group at each stage postoperatively (P<0.05). Conclusions The rat Roux-en-Y CJS model is more in line with our surgical model, and the clinical condition has potential applicability for the study of CJS scar formation. Scar formation following CJS in rats is characterized by the activation of fibroblasts caused by early inflammatory stimulation, which leads to the proliferation of collagen and smooth muscle fibers, resulting in scars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Cheng Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Qiao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li W, Yu X, Chen X, Wang Z, Yin M, Zhao Z, Zhu C. HBV induces liver fibrosis via the TGF-β1/miR-21-5p pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:169. [PMID: 33456536 PMCID: PMC7792493 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-21-5p is a newly discovered factor that mediates TGF-β1 signaling. The present study was designed to investigate the role of TGF-β1/miR-21-5p in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver fibrosis. HBV-infected sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP)-transfected Huh7.5.1 cells were co-cultured with LX2 cells to simulate HBV infection in the present study. A total of 29 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled. Cells were transfected with miR-21-5p mimic or inhibitor with or without TGF-β1 stimulation. The demographic, biochemical and virological data from the 29 patients were analyzed and liver tissues were collected. miR-21-5p levels and the mRNA and protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), collagen type 1 α 1 (CoL1A1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and Smad from liver cells or tissues were detected by quantitative PCR analysis and western blotting, respectively. Cell viability was observed, and the liver fibrosis score was evaluated. The association between miR-21-5p and liver fibrosis was evaluated by correlation analysis. HBV infection upregulated TGF-β1/miR-21-5p mRNA expression in NTCP-Huh7.5.1 cells compared with mock infection (P<0.05). TGF-β1 incubation significantly increased miR-21-5p levels, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, CoL1A1 and TIMP-1, and reduced Smad7 expression in LX2 cells compared with the normal group, and these effects were counteracted by miR-21-5p inhibitor (P<0.05). miR-21-5p overexpression also contributed to TGF-β1-induced α-SMA, CoL1A1 and TIMP-1 expression in LX2 cells (P<0.05). Co-culture with HBV-infected NTCP-Huh7.5.1 cells upregulated TGF-β1/miR-21-5p activity and CoL1A1 expression in LX2 cells compared with normal control, which were significantly reduced by miR-21-5p inhibitor (P<0.05). miR-21-5p levels were significantly correlated with the liver fibrosis score (r=0.888; P<0.05). These data demonstrated that HBV induced liver fibrosis via the TGF-β1/miR-21-5p pathway and suggested that miR-21-5p may be an effective anti-fibrosis target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- 3rd Liver Unit, Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
- Department of Ear-Nose-Throat, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xiliu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Zonghao Zhao
- 3rd Liver Unit, Department of Infectious Disease, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215131, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
An L, Lin Y, Li L, Kong M, Lou Y, Wu J, Liu Z. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Investigate the Effects and Mechanism of Astragalus Flavonoids Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:618262. [PMID: 33551818 PMCID: PMC7862122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.618262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) represents the excessive wound healing where an excess amount of connective tissues is formed within the liver, finally resulting in cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is significant to discover the efficient agents and components to treat HF, thus restraining the further progression of hepatopathy. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge [also called Astragali Radix (AR)] is a famous herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which possesses a variety of biological activities and exerts good therapeutic effects in the treatment of HF. Flavonoids account for the major active ingredients related to the AR pharmacological effects. Total AR flavonoids have been proved to exert inhibitory effects on hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to further undertake network pharmacology analysis coupled with experimental validation and molecular docking to investigate the effects and mechanism of multiple flavonoid components from AR against liver fibrosis. The results of the network pharmacology analysis showed that the flavonoids from AR exerted their pharmacological effects against liver fibrosis by modulating multiple targets and pathways. The experimental validation data showed that the flavonoids from AR were able to suppress transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and reduce extracellular matrix deposition in HSC-T6 cells via regulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway. The results of the molecular docking study further showed that the flavonoids had a strong binding affinity for IκB kinase (IKKβ) after docking into the crystal structure. The above results indicated that, flavonoids possibly exerted the anti-inflammatory effect on treating HF by mediating inflammatory signaling pathways. The potential mechanism of these flavonoids against liver fibrosis may be related to suppression of the NF-κB pathway through effective inhibition of IKKβ. This study not only provides a scientific basis for clarifying the effects and mechanism of AR flavonoids against liver fibrosis but also suggests a novel promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Asif S, Morrow NM, Mulvihill EE, Kim KH. Understanding Dietary Intervention-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications in Metabolic Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:590369. [PMID: 33193730 PMCID: PMC7593700 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.590369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease, is dramatically increasing. Both genetic and environmental factors are well-known contributors to the development of these diseases and therefore, the study of epigenetics can provide additional mechanistic insight. Dietary interventions, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding, have shown promising improvements in patients' overall metabolic profiles (i.e., reduced body weight, improved glucose homeostasis), and an increasing number of studies have associated these beneficial effects with epigenetic alterations. In this article, we review epigenetic changes involved in both metabolic diseases and dietary interventions in primary metabolic tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, and pancreas) in hopes of elucidating potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Asif
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nadya M. Morrow
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E. Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Han Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Barry AE, Baldeosingh R, Lamm R, Patel K, Zhang K, Dominguez DA, Kirton KJ, Shah AP, Dang H. Hepatic Stellate Cells and Hepatocarcinogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:709. [PMID: 32850829 PMCID: PMC7419619 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are a significant component of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironment (TME). Activated HSCs transform into myofibroblast-like cells to promote fibrosis in response to liver injury or chronic inflammation, leading to cirrhosis and HCC. The hepatic TME is comprised of cellular components, including activated HSCs, tumor-associated macrophages, endothelial cells, immune cells, and non-cellular components, such as growth factors, proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Interactions between HCC cells and their microenvironment have become topics under active investigation. These interactions within the hepatic TME have the potential to drive carcinogenesis and create challenges in generating effective therapies. Current studies reveal potential mechanisms through which activated HSCs drive hepatocarcinogenesis utilizing matricellular proteins and paracrine crosstalk within the TME. Since activated HSCs are primary secretors of ECM proteins during liver injury and inflammation, they help promote fibrogenesis, infiltrate the HCC stroma, and contribute to HCC development. In this review, we examine several recent studies revealing the roles of HSCs and their clinical implications in the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis within the hepatic TME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Barry
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rajkumar Baldeosingh
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan Lamm
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keyur Patel
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dana A Dominguez
- Department of General Surgery, UCSF East Bay, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Kayla J Kirton
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ashesh P Shah
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hien Dang
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Translation Regulation by eIF2α Phosphorylation and mTORC1 Signaling Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155301. [PMID: 32722591 PMCID: PMC7432514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are medical conditions that, by definition, are non-infectious and non-transmissible among people. Much of current NCDs are generally due to genetic, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors that often include excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, obesity, and untreated elevated blood pressure, and share many common signal transduction pathways. Alterations in cell and physiological signaling and transcriptional control pathways have been well studied in several human NCDs, but these same pathways also regulate expression and function of the protein synthetic machinery and mRNA translation which have been less well investigated. Alterations in expression of specific translation factors, and disruption of canonical mRNA translational regulation, both contribute to the pathology of many NCDs. The two most common pathological alterations that contribute to NCDs discussed in this review will be the regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) by the integrated stress response (ISR) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathways. Both pathways integrally connect mRNA translation activity to external and internal physiological stimuli. Here, we review the role of ISR control of eIF2 activity and mTORC1 control of cap-mediated mRNA translation in some common NCDs, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cardiac diseases. Our goal is to provide insights that further the understanding as to the important role of translational regulation in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
Collapse
|