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Heydarnia Kalati Z, Harati H, Abtahi-Eivary SH, Dehestany Zarch MJ, Karami Y, Moghimian M, Fani M. The Combined Effect of Tribulus terrestris Hydroalcoholic Extract and Swimming Exercise on Memory and Oxidative Stress in Old Male Rats. Exp Aging Res 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39074047 DOI: 10.1080/0361073x.2024.2377432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the effect of swim exercise along with consumption of bindii hydroalcoholic extract on memory and the oxidative stress markers in old male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 32 old (400-500 g) and eight young male Wistar rats. The groups included young, old, old bindii (200 mg/kg), old exercise, and old bindii exercise (concurrent swimming training). All interventions were performed within 14 days. The animals' spatial memory was evaluated by the Y maze, radial maze, and shuttle box, Oxidative stress factors were also measured. RESULTS Compared to the old control group, the bindii extract along with swimming exercise significantly increased the periodic behavior percentage in the Y maze and the delay time in entry into the dark chamber in the shuttle box but no significant difference was seen in the reference memory error in the radial maze. Also, a significant increase in the amount of catalase (CAT) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) and a significant decrease in the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in all treatment groups. CONCLUSION These results show that exercise, along with the bindii extract consumption, can improve spatial and avoidance memory in old rats probably through the reduction of oxidative stress effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Harati
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | | | - Younes Karami
- Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moghimian
- Department of Physiology, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Fani
- Department of Anatomy, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Potvin-Desrochers A, Atri A, Clouette J, Hepple RT, Taivassalo T, Paquette C. Resting-state Functional Connectivity of the Motor and Cognitive Areas is Preserved in Masters Athletes. Neuroscience 2024; 546:53-62. [PMID: 38522662 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline in physical and cognitive functions, often resulting in decreased quality of life. Physical activity has been suggested to potentially slow down various aspects of the aging process, a theory that has been supported by studies of Masters Athletes (MA). For example, MA usually have better cognitive and physical functions than age-matched sedentary and healthy older adults (OA), making them a valuable model to gain insights into mechanisms that promote physical and cognitive function with aging. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of motor and cognitive regions between MA and OA and determine if these differences in the resting brain are associated with differences in cognitive and physical performance between groups. Fifteen MA (9 males) and 12 age-matched OA (six males) were included. rs-FC images were compared to identify significant between-groups differences in brain connectivity. There was higher connectivity between the cognitive and motor networks for the OA group, whereas the MA group had stronger connectivity between different regions within the same network, both for the cognitive and the motor networks. These results are in line with the literature suggesting that aging reduces the segregation between functional networks and causes regions within the same network to be less strongly connected. High-level physical activity practiced by the MA most likely contributes to attenuating aging-related changes in brain functional connectivity, preserving clearer boundaries between different functional networks, which may ultimately favor maintenance of efficient cognitive and sensorimotor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Potvin-Desrochers
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital Site of CISSS-Laval and Research Site of the Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), 3205 Place Alton-Goldbloom, Laval, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alisha Atri
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital Site of CISSS-Laval and Research Site of the Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), 3205 Place Alton-Goldbloom, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Clouette
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital Site of CISSS-Laval and Research Site of the Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), 3205 Place Alton-Goldbloom, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, 101 Newell Dr, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tanja Taivassalo
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caroline Paquette
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, 475 Pine Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital Site of CISSS-Laval and Research Site of the Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), 3205 Place Alton-Goldbloom, Laval, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience (IPN), McGill University, 1033 Pine Ave, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Kim YJ, Yeom HE. Examining the heterogeneity by employment status in dynamics between BMI and cognition: a longitudinal cohort study of the Korean aging population. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 87:1-8. [PMID: 37648180 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the potential heterogeneity by employment status in the relationship between body mass index (BMI) trajectory and cognitive function among an aging population. METHODS We analyzed 2010-2018 cohort data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging involving 4889 individuals aged over 45. We used statistical techniques of quadratic terms, interaction terms, time-invariant unobserved fixed effects, and time-lag effects to estimate the dynamic and interactive relationships among study variables. RESULTS The effect of BMI on cognitive function was heterogeneous based on employment status. For the nonemployed group, the impact of BMI on cognitive function showed an inverted U-shape with a turning point (BMI 25); a higher BMI (up to 25) was associated with higher cognitive function, but further increases beyond this threshold led to decreased cognitive function. For the employed group, however, the impact of BMI on cognitive function was nonsignificant. The nonlinear effect of BMI on cognitive function for the nonemployed group was robust across various subgroups and specifications. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the risk of obesity (BMI ≥ 25) on cognitive decline, particularly among nonemployed individuals. This illuminates the critical role of labor activity in regulating the impact of BMI on cognitive function among an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joo Kim
- Department of Economics, Hongik University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-E Yeom
- Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Neuroprotective Effect of HIIT against GFAP Hypertrophy through Mitochondrial Dynamics in APP/PS1 Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1764589. [PMID: 35154563 PMCID: PMC8828355 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1764589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although the exact details of the neuronal protective effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on AD remain unclear, the preclinical phase of AD appears to be the important time point for such intervention. The described experiment investigates the neuroprotective effect of HIIT on AD in APP/PS1 mice. In total, 14 C57BL6 healthy control (C) mice and 14 APP/PS1 AD mice were each randomly assigned into two groups, one that did not participate in HIIT (C and AD groups, respectively) and the other subject to HIIT intervention (control HIIT (CE) and AD HIIT (ADE) groups, respectively). Visualization of hippocampal neuronal cells via HE and Congo red staining showed significant improvement in cell status and a significant reduction in amyloidosis in ADE compared with AD. The results of behavioral analysis show that the HIIT intervention significantly improved cognitive decline and reduced spatial exploration in both the C and AD groups. Immunofluorescence showed that the overall brain and the hippocampus of aged rats in the C and AD groups had different degrees of neuroglial responses and astrocyte GFAP proliferation and hypertrophy, with obvious improvement in the CE and ADE groups after 10 weeks of HIIT intervention. These results show that HIIT significantly improves the status of mitochondrial kinetic proteins and related proteins, with the mechanism differing between the normal aging C and the AD groups. 10 weeks of HIIT improved the imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics present in normal control mice and in AD mice. We conclude that preclinical training intervention has a significant positive effect on the exploratory behavior and cognitive functioning of mice.
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Kim CK, Sachdev PS, Braidy N. Recent Neurotherapeutic Strategies to Promote Healthy Brain Aging: Are we there yet? Aging Dis 2022; 13:175-214. [PMID: 35111369 PMCID: PMC8782556 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the global exponential increase in population ageing, there is an urgent unmet need to develop reliable strategies to slow down and delay the ageing process. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our contemporary society and represent a major socio-economic burden. There are several controversial factors that are thought to play a causal role in brain ageing which are continuously being examined in experimental models. Among them are oxidative stress and brain inflammation which are empirical to brain ageing. Although some candidate drugs have been developed which reduce the ageing phenotype, their clinical translation is limited. There are several strategies currently in development to improve brain ageing. These include strategies such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, promotion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, removal of senescent cells, 'young blood' transfusions, enhancement of adult neurogenesis, stem cell therapy, vascular risk reduction, and non-pharmacological lifestyle strategies. Several studies have shown that these strategies can not only improve brain ageing by attenuating age-related neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, but also maintain cognitive function in a variety of pre-clinical experimental murine models. However, clinical evidence is limited and many of these strategies are awaiting findings from large-scale clinical trials which are nascent in the current literature. Further studies are needed to determine their long-term efficacy and lack of adverse effects in various tissues and organs to gain a greater understanding of their potential beneficial effects on brain ageing and health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Kyu Kim
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Euroa Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Chou CC, Hsueh MC, Chiu YH, Wang WY, Huang MY, Huang CJ. Sustained Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:684848. [PMID: 34489659 PMCID: PMC8416624 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.684848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the sustained effects of acute resistance exercise on inhibitory function in healthy middle-aged adults. Seventy healthy middle-aged adults (mean age = 46.98 ± 5.70 years) were randomly assigned to exercise or control groups, and the Stroop test was administered before, immediately after, and 40 min after exercise. The resistance exercise protocol involved two sets of seven exercises performed for a maximum of 10 repetitions, with 60 s between sets and exercises. Acute resistance exercise resulted in higher Stroop test performance under the incongruent (inhibition) and interference conditions immediately post-exercise and 40 min post-exercise. Furthermore, the difference in scores after 40 min was significant. The findings indicate that a moderately intensive acute resistance exercise could facilitate Stroop performance and has a more beneficial effect on sustaining of cognition that involves executive control at least 40 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chih Chou
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Chiu
- Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yao Huang
- Department of Sport Promotion, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fitzgibbon M, Blumstein L, Schiffer L, Antonic MA, McLeod A, Dakers R, Restrepo L, Boots EA, Sanchez-Flack JC, Tussing-Humphreys L, Lamar M. Adapting to the COVID-19 pandemic on Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE) trial. Trials 2021; 22:459. [PMID: 34271944 PMCID: PMC8284687 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the research landscape for clinical trials, requiring thoughtful consideration regarding how to handle the risks and benefits of continuing them. DESIGN This brief report describes the experience of adapting the Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE) study, a randomized clinical trial examining the effects of the Mediterranean diet, with and without weight loss, on cognitive functioning in 185 older obese African American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. MEASUREMENT The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) developed an expedited amendment process for research shifting to remote data collection. We conducted the study in three consecutive groups. For group 3, 14-month data collection period, we adapted our protocol to allow data collection via telephone and e-mail. We were unable to collect certain measures that required face-to-face contact. RESULTS For measures that could be collected remotely, 14-month retention was similar for group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2: data were collected for 86.9% of group 3 (remote) and 87.9% of groups 1 and 2 (face to face), p = .84. CONCLUSIONS In order to preserve the integrity of our clinical trial and ensure the safety of our participants and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, we had to carefully and efficiently adapt our data collection procedures. The procedures put in place allowed us to collect our primary outcomes and the majority of our secondary outcomes and will enable us to examine the role of dietary intake, with and without weight loss, on cognitive functioning in a vulnerable and high-risk population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT3129048. Registration Date: 4/17/2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1200 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Lara Blumstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Linda Schiffer
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Mirjana A Antonic
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Andrew McLeod
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Roxanne Dakers
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Leo Restrepo
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Boots
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
| | - Jennifer C Sanchez-Flack
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1200 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL, 60608, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Fitzgibbon M, Blumstein L, Schiffer L, Antonic MA, McLeod A, Dakers R, Restrepo L, Boots EA, Sanchez-Flack JC, Tussing-Humphreys L, Lamar M. Adapting to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a randomized controlled trial examining lifestyle behaviors on cognitive functioning in obese African American adults: Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE). RESEARCH SQUARE 2021:rs.3.rs-290482. [PMID: 34013252 PMCID: PMC8132246 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-290482/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background . The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered the research landscape for clinical trials, requiring thoughtful consideration regarding how to handle the risks and benefits of continuing them. Design . This brief report describes the experience of adapting the Building Research in Diet and Cognition (BRIDGE) study, a randomized clinical trial examining the effects of the Mediterranean Diet, with and without weight loss, on cognitive functioning in 185 older obese African American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Measurement . The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) developed an expedited amendment process for research shifting to remote data collection. For the Cohort 3, 14-month data collection period, we adapted our protocol to allow data collection via telephone and e-mail. We were unable to collect certain measures that required face-to face contact. Results . For measures that could be collected remotely, 14-month retention was similar for Cohort 3 and earlier cohorts: data were collected for 86.9% of cohort 3 (remote) and 87.9% of cohorts 1 and2 (face to face), p = .84. Conclusions . In order to preserve the integrity of our clinical trial and ensure the safety of our participants and staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, we had to carefully and efficiently adapt our data collection procedures. The procedures put in place allowed us to collect our primary outcomes and the majority of our secondary outcomes and will enable us to examine the role of dietary intake, with and without weight loss, on cognitive functioning in a vulnerable and high-risk population. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03129048.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Fitzgibbon
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1200 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lara Blumstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Linda Schiffer
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Mirjana A Antonic
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Andrew McLeod
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Roxanne Dakers
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Leo Restrepo
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Elizabeth A Boots
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
| | - Jennifer C Sanchez-Flack
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1200 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 West Roosevelt Road, Chicago, IL 60608
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 818 South Wolcott Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, 1750 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612
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Hartman SJ, Weiner LS, Natarajan L, Sears DD, Palmer BW, Parker B, Ahles T, Irwin ML, Au K. A randomized trial of physical activity for cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors: Rationale and study design of I Can! Improving Cognition After Cancer. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 102:106289. [PMID: 33503496 PMCID: PMC8009833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Difficulties with cognition are extremely common among breast cancer survivors and can significantly impact quality of life, daily functioning, and ability to return to work. One promising intervention is increasing physical activity, as it has been effective in improving cognition in non-cancer populations. Few physical activity intervention trials with cognition outcomes have included cancer survivors. This project builds upon our previous work indicating that increased physical activity can improve objectively measured processing speed and self-reported cognition among breast cancer survivors. METHODS The I Can! study will examine whether a physical activity intervention improves cognition among 250 post-treatment breast cancer survivors (Stages I-III, <5 years post-treatment) who are reporting cognitive difficulties. This 2-arm randomized controlled trial comparing a 6-month physical activity intervention (Exercise Group) to a health & wellness attention-comparison condition (Health & Wellness Group) will examine intervention effects on cognition (at 3 and 6 months) and maintenance of effects at 12 months. The primary aim is to investigate the impact of exercise on objectively measured processing speed and self-reported cognition. Secondary aims are to investigate maintenance of cognitive changes and examine candidate biological mechanisms and psychological mediators. CONCLUSION The I Can! study will contribute to the scientific, public health, and survivorship intervention literature by providing new information on the impact of physical activity for cognitive impairment in breast cancer survivors. Findings from this study will inform guidelines for physical activity to improve the lives of millions of breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri J Hartman
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lauren S Weiner
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Barton W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Parker
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tim Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melinda L Irwin
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, USA
| | - Kaylene Au
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Moniruzzaman M, Kadota A, Akash MS, Pruitt PJ, Miura K, Albin R, Dodge HH. Effects of physical activities on dementia-related biomarkers: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 6:e12109. [PMID: 33521235 PMCID: PMC7816814 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activities (PA) may lead to improved cognition in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia. The mechanisms mediating potential PA effects are unknown. Assessment of PA effects on relevant biomarkers may provide insights into mechanisms underlying potential PA effects on cognition. METHODS We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that studied PA effects on biomarkers in MCI, AD, and dementia populations. We examined whether biological mechanisms were hypothesized to explain associations among PA, biomarkers, and cognitive functions. We used the PubMed database and searched for RCTs with PA until October 31, 2019. RESULTS Of 653 studies examining changes in biomarkers in PA trials, 18 studies met inclusion criteria for the present review. Some studies found favorable effects of PA on neurotrophic and inflammatory biomarkers. AD pathological markers were rarely investigated, with inconclusive results. Most studies were relatively small in sample size, of limited duration, and not all studies compared the changes in biomarkers between the control and experimental groups. DISCUSSION There is only limited use of potentially informative biomarkers in PA trials for MCI, AD, and dementia. Most studies did not examine the role of biomarkers to study associations between PA and cognitive functions in their analyses. Several potential biomarkers remain uninvestigated. Careful use of biomarkers may clarify mechanisms underlying PA effects on cognition. Our review serves as a useful resource for developing future PA RCTs aimed at improving cognitive functions in MCI, AD, and dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA)Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Department of Public HealthShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA)Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Department of Public HealthShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | | | - Patrick J Pruitt
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA)Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Department of Public HealthShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Roger Albin
- VAAAHSNeurology Service & GRECCAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Neurology, Michigan Alzheimer's Disease CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (CERA)Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Department of NeurologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
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New Directions in Exercise Prescription: Is There a Role for Brain-Derived Parameters Obtained by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy? Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10060342. [PMID: 32503207 PMCID: PMC7348779 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the literature, it is well established that regular physical exercise is a powerful strategy to promote brain health and to improve cognitive performance. However, exact knowledge about which exercise prescription would be optimal in the setting of exercise–cognition science is lacking. While there is a strong theoretical rationale for using indicators of internal load (e.g., heart rate) in exercise prescription, the most suitable parameters have yet to be determined. In this perspective article, we discuss the role of brain-derived parameters (e.g., brain activity) as valuable indicators of internal load which can be beneficial for individualizing the exercise prescription in exercise–cognition research. Therefore, we focus on the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), since this neuroimaging modality provides specific advantages, making it well suited for monitoring cortical hemodynamics as a proxy of brain activity during physical exercise.
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One-Week High-Intensity Interval Training Increases Hippocampal Plasticity and Mitochondrial Content without Changes in Redox State. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050445. [PMID: 32455608 PMCID: PMC7278594 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that physical exercise has effects on neuronal plasticity as well as overall brain health. This effect has been linked to exercise capacity in modulating the antioxidant status, when the oxidative stress is usually linked to the neuronal damage. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is the training-trend worldwide, its effect on brain function is still unclear. Thus, we aimed to assess the neuroplasticity, mitochondrial, and redox status after one-week HIIT training. Male (C57Bl/6) mice were assigned to non-trained or HIIT groups. The HIIT protocol consisted of three days with short bouts at 130% of maximum speed (Vmax), intercalated with moderate-intensity continuous exercise sessions of 30 min at 60% Vmax. The mass spectrometry analyses showed that one-week of HIIT increased minichromosome maintenance complex component 2 (MCM2), brain derived neutrophic factor (BDNF), doublecortin (DCX) and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC), and decreased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD 2) in the hippocampus. In addition, one-week of HIIT promoted no changes in H2O2 production and carbonylated protein concentration in the hippocampus as well as in superoxide anion production in the dentate gyrus. In conclusion, our one-week HIIT protocol increased neuroplasticity and mitochondrial content regardless of changes in redox status, adding new insights into the neuronal modulation induced by new training models.
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Herold F, Törpel A, Schega L, Müller NG. Functional and/or structural brain changes in response to resistance exercises and resistance training lead to cognitive improvements - a systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2019; 16:10. [PMID: 31333805 PMCID: PMC6617693 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-019-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the aging process, physical capabilities (e.g., muscular strength) and cognitive functions (e.g., memory) gradually decrease. Regarding cognitive functions, substantial functional (e.g., compensatory brain activity) and structural changes (e.g., shrinking of the hippocampus) in the brain cause this decline. Notably, growing evidence points towards a relationship between cognition and measures of muscular strength and muscle mass. Based on this emerging evidence, resistance exercises and/or resistance training, which contributes to the preservation and augmentation of muscular strength and muscle mass, may trigger beneficial neurobiological processes and could be crucial for healthy aging that includes preservation of the brain and cognition. Compared with the multitude of studies that have investigated the influence of endurance exercises and/or endurance training on cognitive performance and brain structure, considerably less work has focused on the effects of resistance exercises and/or resistance training. While the available evidence regarding resistance exercise-induced changes in cognitive functions is pooled, the underlying neurobiological processes, such as functional and structural brain changes, have yet to be summarized. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of resistance exercise-induced functional and/or structural brain changes that are related to cognitive functions. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent researchers across six electronic databases; 5957 records were returned, of which 18 were considered relevant and were analyzed. SHORT CONCLUSION Based on our analyses, resistance exercises and resistance training evoked substantial functional brain changes, especially in the frontal lobe, which were accompanied by improvements in executive functions. Furthermore, resistance training led to lower white matter atrophy and smaller white matter lesion volumes. However, based on the relatively small number of studies available, the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Hence, future studies are required to investigate the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and to verify whether the positive findings can be confirmed and transferred to other needy cohorts, such as older adults with dementia, sarcopenia and/or dynapenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Törpel
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Schimidt HL, Garcia A, Izquierdo I, Mello-Carpes PB, Carpes FP. Strength training and running elicit different neuroprotective outcomes in a β-amyloid peptide-mediated Alzheimer's disease model. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:206-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Shih CH, Moore K, Browner N, Sklerov M, Dayan E. Physical activity mediates the association between striatal dopamine transporter availability and cognition in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 62:68-72. [PMID: 30722964 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Associations between cognition and nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficits in Parkinson's disease have been documented in the literature, but are incompletely understood. Here we studied the extent to which physical activity mediates the relationship between striatal dopamine transporter availability and global cognition among patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Data from 174 patients from a multi-center study were analyzed using regression-based mediation analysis. Striatal dopamine transporter binding ratio (SBR), Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate patients' dopamine transporter availability (DAT), physical activity, and global cognition respectively at the time of testing. Confidence intervals (CI) of 95% were established using a bootstrapping approach to test the statistical significance of the direct, indirect (i.e., mediation), and total effects of the mediation model. RESULTS As hypothesized, the positive mediating effect of physical activity in the association between DAT and global cognition was significant, while adjusting for age (95% CI [0.0030, 0.3942]). Specifically, higher SBRs were positively associated with PASE scores, which in turn, were positively associated with MoCA scores. Secondary analyses revealed a similar positive mediation effect of physical activity for DAT in the caudate and putamen separately (95% CI [0.0377, 0.4231] and [0.0211, 1.1000], respectively). CONCLUSION We report that the relationship of dopamine transporter availability with global cognition in Parkinson's disease is mediated by physical activity. Pending further research for specific recommendations, interventions to increase physical activity as tolerated should be considered in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Shih
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kathryn Moore
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nina Browner
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Miriam Sklerov
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Eran Dayan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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16
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Zapparoli L, Gandola M, Banfi G, Paulesu E. A Breakdown of Imagined Visuomotor Transformations and Its Neural Correlates in Young Elderly Subjects. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:1682-1696. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Gandola
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- University Vita e Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eraldo Paulesu
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
- Psychology Department & Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Törpel A, Herold F, Hamacher D, Müller NG, Schega L. Strengthening the Brain-Is Resistance Training with Blood Flow Restriction an Effective Strategy for Cognitive Improvement? J Clin Med 2018; 7:E337. [PMID: 30304785 PMCID: PMC6210989 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decrease in physical capabilities (e.g., strength loss) and cognitive decline. The observed bidirectional relationship between physical activity and brain health suggests that physical activities could be beneficial to maintain and improve brain functioning (e.g., cognitive performance). However, the exercise type (e.g., resistance training, endurance training) and their exercise variables (e.g., load, duration, frequency) for an effective physical activity that optimally enhance cognitive performance are still unknown. There is growing evidence that resistance training induces substantial brain changes which contribute to improved cognitive functions. A relative new method in the field of resistance training is blood flow restriction training (BFR). While resistance training with BFR is widely studied in the context of muscular performance, this training strategy also induces an activation of signaling pathways associated with neuroplasticity and cognitive functions. Based on this, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that resistance training with BFR is a promising new strategy to boost the effectiveness of resistance training interventions regarding cognitive performance. To support our hypothesis, we provide rationales of possible adaptation processes induced by resistance training with BFR. Furthermore, we outline recommendations for future studies planning to investigate the effects of resistance training with BFR on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Törpel
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Schega
- Institute III, Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestr. 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.
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18
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Herold F, Hamacher D, Schega L, Müller NG. Thinking While Moving or Moving While Thinking - Concepts of Motor-Cognitive Training for Cognitive Performance Enhancement. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:228. [PMID: 30127732 PMCID: PMC6089337 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The demographic change in industrial countries, with increasingly sedentary lifestyles, has a negative impact on mental health. Normal and pathological aging leads to cognitive deficits. This development poses major challenges on national health systems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient cognitive enhancement strategies. The combination of regular physical exercise with cognitive stimulation seems especially suited to increase an individual's cognitive reserve, i.e., his/her resistance to degenerative processes of the brain. Here, we outline insufficiently explored fields in exercise-cognition research and provide a classification approach for different motor-cognitive training regimens. We suggest to classify motor-cognitive training in two categories, (I) sequential motor-cognitive training (the motor and cognitive training are conducted time separated) and (II) simultaneous motor-cognitive training (motor and cognitive training are conducted sequentially). In addition, simultaneous motor-cognitive training may be distinguished based on the specific characteristics of the cognitive task. If successfully solving the cognitive task is not a relevant prerequisite to complete the motor-cognitive task, we would consider this type of training as (IIa) motor-cognitive training with additional cognitive task. In contrast, in ecologically more valid (IIb) motor cognitive training with incorporated cognitive task, the cognitive tasks are a relevant prerequisite to solve the motor-cognitive task. We speculate that incorporating cognitive tasks into motor tasks, rather than separate training of mental and physical functions, is the most promising approach to efficiently enhance cognitive reserve. Further research investigating the influence of motor(-cognitive) exercises with different quantitative and qualitative characteristics on cognitive performance is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Institute III, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Draganidis D, Jamurtas AZ, Stampoulis T, Laschou VC, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Papanikolaou K, Chatzinikolaou A, Michalopoulou M, Papadopoulos C, Tsimeas P, Chondrogianni N, Koutedakis Y, Karagounis LG, Fatouros IG. Disparate Habitual Physical Activity and Dietary Intake Profiles of Elderly Men with Low and Elevated Systemic Inflammation. Nutrients 2018; 10:E566. [PMID: 29734698 PMCID: PMC5986446 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation in the elderly (inflammaging) has been associated with increased incidence of chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes, and functional impairments. The aim of this study was to examine differences in habitual physical activity (PA), dietary intake patterns, and musculoskeletal performance among community-dwelling elderly men with low and elevated systemic inflammation. Nonsarcopenic older men free of chronic diseases were grouped as ‘low’ (LSI: n = 17; 68.2 ± 2.6 years; hs-CRP: <1 mg/L) or ‘elevated’ (ESI: n = 17; 68.7 ± 3.0 years; hs-CRP: >1 mg/L) systemic inflammation according to their serum levels of high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). All participants were assessed for body composition via Dual Emission X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), physical performance using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and handgrip strength, daily PA using accelerometry, and daily macro- and micronutrient intake. ESI was characterized by a 2-fold greater hs-CRP value than LSI (p < 0.01). The two groups were comparable in terms of body composition, but LSI displayed higher physical performance (p < 0.05), daily PA (step count/day and time at moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were greater by 30% and 42%, respectively, p < 0.05), and daily intake of the antioxidant vitamins A (6590.7 vs. 4701.8 IU/day, p < 0.05), C (120.0 vs. 77.3 mg/day, p < 0.05), and E (10.0 vs. 7.5 mg/day, p < 0.05) compared to ESI. Moreover, daily intake of vitamin A was inversely correlated with levels of hs-CRP (r = −0.39, p = 0.035). These results provide evidence that elderly men characterized by low levels of systemic inflammation are more physically active, spend more time in MVPA, and receive higher amounts of antioxidant vitamins compared to those with increased systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
| | - Theodoros Stampoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.
| | - Vasiliki C Laschou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
| | - Kalliopi Georgakouli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Papanikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.
| | - Maria Michalopoulou
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Papadopoulos
- First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
| | - Niki Chondrogianni
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
- Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology-Thessaly (CERETETH), Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
- Faculty of Education Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall 14287, West Midlands, UK.
| | - Leonidas G Karagounis
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Nestlé Research Centre, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Experimental Myology and Integrative Physiology Cluster, Plymouth Marjon University, Plymouth PL6 8BH, UK.
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, 42100 Trikala, Greece.
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20
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Mattek R, Hanson RK. Committed as a Violent Sexual Predator in His 10th Decade: A Case Study. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 47:543-550. [PMID: 28828586 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-017-1041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a case study of Atypical Offender (AO), a man who was civilly committed as a sexually violent person several years after his 90th birthday. In this article, we review the factors that usually contribute to virtually zero rates of sexual crime among nonagenarians for clues as to why these protective factors did not apply to this exceptional case. Psychological assessments and court records portrayed AO as having many of the features expected of persistent sexual offenders against children (e.g., pedophilic interests, child-oriented lifestyle). What was unusual, however, was AO's exceptional good health and vigor, which was maintained well into his tenth decade. Consequently, we recommend that forensic evaluators of older sexual offenders systematically consider the offenders' health as part of the overall risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Mattek
- Sand Ridge Secure Treatment Center, Mauston, WI, 53948, USA.
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21
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Hartman SJ, Nelson SH, Myers E, Natarajan L, Sears DD, Palmer BW, Weiner LS, Parker BA, Patterson RE. Randomized controlled trial of increasing physical activity on objectively measured and self-reported cognitive functioning among breast cancer survivors: The memory & motion study. Cancer 2018; 124:192-202. [PMID: 28926676 PMCID: PMC5735009 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing physical activity can improve cognition in healthy and cognitively impaired adults; however, the benefits for cancer survivors are unknown. The current study examined a 12-week physical activity intervention, compared with a control condition, on objective and self-reported cognition among breast cancer survivors. METHODS Sedentary breast cancer survivors were randomized to an exercise arm (n = 43) or a control arm (n = 44). At baseline and at 12 weeks, objective cognition was measured with the National Institutes of Health Cognitive Toolbox, and self-reported cognition using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales. Linear mixed-effects regression models tested intervention effects for changes in cognition scores. RESULTS On average, participants (n = 87) were aged 57 years (standard deviation, 10.4 years) and were 2.5 years (standard deviation, 1.3 years) post surgery. Scores on the Oral Symbol Digit subscale (a measure of processing speed) evidenced differential improvement in the exercise arm versus the control arm (b = 2.01; P < .05). The between-group differences in improvement on self-reported cognition were not statistically significant but were suggestive of potential group differences. Time since surgery moderated the correlation, and participants who were ≤2 years post surgery had a significantly greater improvement in Oral Symbol Digit score (exercise vs control (b = 4.00; P < .01), but no significant improvement was observed in patients who were >2 years postsurgery (b = -1.19; P = .40). A significant dose response was observed with greater increased physical activity associated with objective and self-reported cognition in the exercise arm. CONCLUSIONS The exercise intervention significantly improved processing speed, but only among those who had been diagnosed with breast cancer within the past 2 years. Slowed processing speed can have substantial implications for independent functioning, supporting the potential importance of early implementation of an exercise intervention among patients with breast cancer. Cancer 2018;124:192-202. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri J. Hartman
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sandahl H. Nelson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily Myers
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barton W. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lauren S. Weiner
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A. Parker
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruth E. Patterson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Tussing-Humphreys L, Lamar M, Blumenthal JA, Babyak M, Fantuzzi G, Blumstein L, Schiffer L, Fitzgibbon ML. Building research in diet and cognition: The BRIDGE randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 59:87-97. [PMID: 28600159 PMCID: PMC7289155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to cognitive impairment, cognitive decline and dementia. Given that 38.5% of U.S. adults 60years and older are obese and these numbers are rapidly increasing, strategies to decouple obesity from cognitive decline are needed. Innovative lifestyle strategies that may postpone the onset of subclinical symptoms or even arrest the transition to overt dementia in at-risk individuals are critically needed. Poor diet is central to the development of obesity and diet may affect cognition. Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with reduced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Furthermore, weight loss through caloric restriction improves cognitive function. This paper describes the Building Research in Diet and CoGnition (BRIDGE) study, a randomized trial examining the effect of the MedDiet, with and without weight loss, on cognitive functioning in obese older adults. Obese (BMI≥30 and ≤50kg/m2) older adults (≥55years) (n=180) will be randomized in a 2:2:1 allocation scheme to: Typical Diet Control; MedDiet alone, without weight loss; or MedDiet lifestyle intervention to promote weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Both MedDiet intervention groups will meet for one individual session and 27 group sessions over an 8-month period. Individuals in the control group will not receive instruction on changing lifestyle habits. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 8 and 14months. The primary outcome is cognitive functioning; secondary outcomes will include changes in body weight, diet, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Medicine, Division of Academic Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, United States; Cancer Center, Population Behavior and Health Outcome Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Department of Medicine and the Institute of Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; The Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - James A Blumenthal
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Michael Babyak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Lara Blumstein
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Linda Schiffer
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, United States
| | - Marian L Fitzgibbon
- Cancer Center, Population Behavior and Health Outcome Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Institute for Health Research and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Alkadhi KA. Exercise as a Positive Modulator of Brain Function. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3112-3130. [PMID: 28466271 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various forms of exercise have been shown to prevent, restore, or ameliorate a variety of brain disorders including dementias, Parkinson's disease, chronic stress, thyroid disorders, and sleep deprivation, some of which are discussed here. In this review, the effects on brain function of various forms of exercise and exercise mimetics in humans and animal experiments are compared and discussed. Possible mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise including the role of neurotrophic factors and others are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim A Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Scharlach AE. Aging in Context: Individual and Environmental Pathways to Aging-Friendly Communities—The 2015 Matthew A. Pollack Award Lecture. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2017; 57:606-618. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Grabowska W, Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Sirtuins, a promising target in slowing down the ageing process. Biogerontology 2017; 18:447-476. [PMID: 28258519 PMCID: PMC5514220 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a plastic process and can be successfully modulated by some biomedical approaches or pharmaceutics. In this manner it is possible to delay or even prevent some age-related pathologies. There are some defined interventions, which give promising results in animal models or even in human studies, resulting in lifespan elongation or healthspan improvement. One of the most promising targets for anti-ageing approaches are proteins belonging to the sirtuin family. Sirtuins were originally discovered as transcription repressors in yeast, however, nowadays they are known to occur in bacteria and eukaryotes (including mammals). In humans the family consists of seven members (SIRT1-7) that possess either mono-ADP ribosyltransferase or deacetylase activity. It is believed that sirtuins play key role during cell response to a variety of stresses, such as oxidative or genotoxic stress and are crucial for cell metabolism. Although some data put in question direct involvement of sirtuins in extending human lifespan, it was documented that proper lifestyle including physical activity and diet can influence healthspan via increasing the level of sirtuins. The search for an activator of sirtuins is one of the most extensive and robust topic of research. Some hopes are put on natural compounds, including curcumin. In this review we summarize the involvement and usefulness of sirtuins in anti-ageing interventions and discuss the potential role of curcumin in sirtuins regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Grabowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Bases of Aging, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Ashok BS, Ajith TA, Sivanesan S. Hypoxia-inducible factors as neuroprotective agent in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:327-334. [PMID: 28004401 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Beta amyloid (Aβ)-42 peptide and phosphorylated tau protein have been demonstrated as the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A gradual decline of oxygen and glucose supply to the brain during aging or hypoxia was manifested as a contributing factor to hypometabolism. The brain regions susceptible to hypometabolism are the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and cognition-associated neocortical regions like parietal, temporal and frontal cortex. In AD patients, the brain regions with hypometabolism can trigger overexpression of amyloid precursor protein and decrease the clearance of Aβ. Aβ and hypoxia can evoke inflammation, oxidative stress and finally neuronal cell death. Among the transcription factors involved in the compensatory mechanism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) has a major role in the cellular adaptation by inducing the expression of several proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Therefore, maintaining the HIF-1α level by inhibiting the prolyl 4-hydroxylase was effective to attenuate the nerve damage during hypoxia and postpone the incidence of AD. Agents such as iron chelators, and heavy metals like cobalt and nickel were demonstrated to be effective in maintaining the HIF-1α level in the nerve. This review article discusses the possible role of HIF-1α as a neuroprotector in AD and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sundra Ashok
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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27
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Vatsalya V, Heloma A, Khanna GL, Chandras KV, Karch RC. Role of Physical Exercise, Education and Work Related Measures with the Longevity of Work in Older Population in United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:1-10. [PMID: 28018770 PMCID: PMC5179220 DOI: 10.4236/aar.2017.61001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Growth of older population in United States (US) raises concerns for evaluation of health indices that could sustain their workability. This study aimed to characterize the association of health practices used by older working population and measures of quality and duration of their work. Forty (40) non-treatment seeking healthy working individuals residing within United States within 22 - 75 years of age were included in this study. Data were collected from the Customized Employee Biographical Questionnaire (EBQ) and Occupational Health Surveillance Questionnaire (OHRQ) by age groups as 22 - 31, 32 - 41, 42 - 51, 52 - 61 and 62+ and statistically analyzed. Length of working (LOW) showed close association with the duration of physical exercise (DPE) at adjusted R2 = 0.295 and type of work (TOW) at adjusted R2 = 0.598; and Education in the 62+ (oldest) age group. However such relationship was not observed in the 52 - 61 years age group even when DPE and Education were not significantly different from the 62+ group. In the 42 - 51 age group, significant correlation of LOW with DPE and TOW was found. Duration of physical activity could be an important factor associated with the duration of work in the oldest group. Type of work could be significant modifier in determining the length of working in older age-groups. Predecessor elderly groups might need to incorporate some of the measures that were significant in the oldest group, to improve their expectations to work longer. Larger studies could identify and capture various other measures that could be important both for the regional and national US perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatsalya Vatsalya
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Antero Heloma
- National institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gulshan L Khanna
- Manav Rachna International University, Aravalli Campus, Faridabad, India
| | - Kan V Chandras
- Behavioral Sciences, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, USA
| | - Robert C Karch
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University, Washington DC, USA
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28
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Campos C, Rocha NBF, Lattari E, Paes F, Nardi AE, Machado S. Exercise-induced neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative diseases: the key role of trophic factors. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:723-34. [PMID: 27086703 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1179582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, are becoming a major issue to public health care. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment to address cognitive impairment in these patients. Here, we aim to explore the role of exercise-induced trophic factor enhancement in the prevention or delay of cognitive decline in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. There is a significant amount of evidence from animal and human studies that links neurodegenerative related cognitive deficits with changes on brain and peripheral trophic factor levels. Several trials with elderly individuals and patients with neurodegenerative diseases report exercise induced cognitive improvements and changes on trophic factor levels including BDNF, IGF-I, among others. Further studies with healthy aging and clinical populations are needed to understand how diverse exercise interventions produce different variations in trophic factor signaling. Genetic profiles and potential confounders regarding trophic factors should also be addressed in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Campos
- a Laboratory of Panic and Respiration , Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b School of Allied Health Sciences , Polytechnic Institute of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno Barbosa F Rocha
- b School of Allied Health Sciences , Polytechnic Institute of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Eduardo Lattari
- a Laboratory of Panic and Respiration , Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Flávia Paes
- a Laboratory of Panic and Respiration , Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - António E Nardi
- a Laboratory of Panic and Respiration , Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Sérgio Machado
- a Laboratory of Panic and Respiration , Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory , Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO) , Niterói , Brazil
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29
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Hays CC, Zlatar ZZ, Wierenga CE. The Utility of Cerebral Blood Flow as a Biomarker of Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:167-79. [PMID: 26898552 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence suggesting that changes in brain perfusion are present long before the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), perhaps even before amyloid-β accumulation or brain atrophy. This evidence, consistent with the vascular hypothesis of AD, implicates cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the pathogenesis of AD and suggests its utility as a biomarker of preclinical AD. The extended preclinical phase of AD holds particular significance for disease modification, as treatment would likely be most effective in this early asymptomatic stage of disease. This highlights the importance of identifying reliable and accurate biomarkers of AD that can differentiate normal aging from preclinical AD prior to clinical symptom manifestation. Cerebral perfusion, as measured by arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI), has been shown to distinguish between normal controls and adults with AD. In addition to demonstrating diagnostic utility, CBF has shown usefulness as a tool for identifying those who are at risk for AD and for predicting subtle cognitive decline and conversion to mild cognitive impairment and AD. Taken together, this evidence not only implicates CBF as a useful biomarker for tracking disease severity and progression, but also suggests that ASL-measured CBF may be useful for identifying candidates for future AD treatment trials, especially in the preclinical, asymptomatic phases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea C Hays
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., MC 151B, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA
| | - Zvinka Z Zlatar
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., MC 151B, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christina E Wierenga
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr., MC 151B, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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30
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Hartman SJ, Natarajan L, Palmer BW, Parker B, Patterson RE, Sears DD. Impact of increasing physical activity on cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors: Rationale and study design of Memory & Motion. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 45:371-376. [PMID: 26427563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many breast cancer survivors experience problems with cognitive functioning that can persist years after treatment. Increasing physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in healthy and cognitively impaired adults, but has not yet been tested in cancer survivors. The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial is to examine the effects of a 3-month physical activity intervention compared to a waitlist Control arm on neuropsychological outcomes and subjective cognitive concerns in breast cancer survivors. METHODS Eighty sedentary breast cancer survivors, self-reporting difficulties with cognition, will be randomized into an Exercise arm or Control arm. The Exercise arm includes an activity tracker (i.e., a Fitbit), phone calls, plus tailored and non-tailored email content. The Control arm will receive emails on women's health topics on the same schedule as the Exercise arm. Assessments conducted at baseline and 3 months include: neuropsychological testing, cognitive concerns and other aspects of quality of life, and 7 days of a hip-worn accelerometer. Participants will also provide fasting blood draws to assess brain-derived neurotropic factor, Insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein. Primary and secondary outcomes are changes in neuropsychological testing and cognitive concerns. Biomarkers will be examined to further understand the underlying relationship between physical activity and cognition. CONCLUSION The Memory & Motion study is designed to test whether increasing physical activity can improve cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors. Results from this study could be used to guide development of interventions to improve cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri J Hartman
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barton W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Parker
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruth E Patterson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hardman RJ, Kennedy G, Macpherson H, Scholey AB, Pipingas A. A randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of Mediterranean diet and aerobic exercise on cognition in cognitively healthy older people living independently within aged care facilities: the Lifestyle Intervention in Independent Living Aged Care (LIILAC) study protocol [ACTRN12614001133628]. Nutr J 2015; 14:53. [PMID: 26003546 PMCID: PMC4449609 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-015-0042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid ageing of the population is becoming an area of great concern, both globally and in Australia. On a societal level, the cost of supporting an ageing demographic, particularly with their associated medical requirements, is becoming an ever increasing burden that is only predicted to rise in the foreseeable future. The progressive decline in individuals' cognitive ability as they age, particularly with respect to the ever increasing incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other cognitive complications, is in many respects one of the foundation stones of these concerns. There have been numerous observational studies reporting on the positive effects that aerobic exercise and the Mediterranean diet appear to have on improving cognitive ability. However, the ability of such interventions to improve cognitive ability, or even reduce the rate of cognitive ageing, has not been fully examined by substantial interventional studies within an ageing population. METHODS The LIILAC trial will investigate the potential for cognitive change in a cohort of cognitively healthy individuals, between the ages of 60 and 90 years, living in independent accommodation within Australian aged care facilities. This four-arm trial will investigate the cognitive changes which may occur as a result of the introduction of aerobic exercise and/or Mediterranean diet into individuals' lifestyles, as well as the mechanisms by which these changes may be occurring. Participants will be tested at baseline and 6 months on a battery of computer based cognitive assessments, together with cardiovascular and blood biomarker assessments. The cardiovascular measures will assess changes in arterial stiffness and central pulse pressures, while the blood measures will examine changes in metabolic profiles, including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory factors and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSION It is hypothesised that exercise and Mediterranean diet interventions, both individually and in combination, will result in improvements in cognitive performance compared with controls. Positive findings in this research will have potential implications for the management of aged care, particularly in respect to reducing the rate of cognitive decline and the associated impacts both on the individual and the broader community. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry- ACTRN12614001133628.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy J Hardman
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Greg Kennedy
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. .,Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Andrew B Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
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Hildreth KL, Church S. Evaluation and management of the elderly patient presenting with cognitive complaints. Med Clin North Am 2015; 99:311-35. [PMID: 25700586 PMCID: PMC4399854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive complaints are common in the geriatric population. Older adults should routinely be asked about any concerns about their memory or thinking, and any cognitive complaint from the patient or an informant should be evaluated rather than be attributed to aging. Several screening instruments are available to document objective impairments and guide further evaluation. Management goals for patients with cognitive impairment are focused on maintaining function and independence, providing caregiver support, and advance care planning. There are currently no treatments to effectively prevent or treat dementia. Increasing appreciation of the heterogeneity of Alzheimer disease may lead to novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 8111, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Skotti Church
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, Room 8111, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Hildreth KL, Van Pelt RE, Moreau KL, Grigsby J, Hoth KF, Pelak V, Anderson CA, Parnes B, Kittelson J, Wolfe P, Nakamura T, Linnebur SA, Trujillo JM, Aquilante CL, Schwartz RS. Effects of pioglitazone or exercise in older adults with mild cognitive impairment and insulin resistance: a pilot study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2015; 5:51-63. [PMID: 25852732 PMCID: PMC4361908 DOI: 10.1159/000371509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the effects of pioglitazone or endurance exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and insulin resistance. METHODS Seventy-eight adults (mean age ± SD: 65 ± 7 years) with central obesity and MCI were randomized to 6 months of endurance exercise, pioglitazone or control. RESULTS Sixty-six participants completed the study. Exercise training did not significantly increase peak oxygen uptake compared to control (p = 0.12). Compared to control, insulin resistance improved in the pioglitazone group (p = 0.002) but not in the exercise group (p = 0.25). There was no measureable effect of pioglitazone or exercise on cognitive performance compared to control. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, pioglitazone improved insulin resistance but not cognitive performance in older adults with MCI and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Rachael E Van Pelt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Jim Grigsby
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Karin F Hoth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Victoria Pelak
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - C Alan Anderson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Bennett Parnes
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - John Kittelson
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Pamela Wolfe
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Tammie Nakamura
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Sunny A Linnebur
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Jennifer M Trujillo
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Christina L Aquilante
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
| | - Robert S Schwartz
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo., USA
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Fedor A, Garcia S, Gunstad J. The Effects of a Brief, Water-Based Exercise Intervention on Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 30:139-47. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Rodrigues GM, Toffoli LV, Manfredo MH, Francis-Oliveira J, Silva AS, Raquel HA, Martins-Pinge MC, Moreira EG, Fernandes KB, Pelosi GG, Gomes MV. Acute stress affects the global DNA methylation profile in rat brain: modulation by physical exercise. Behav Brain Res 2014; 279:123-8. [PMID: 25449846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The vulnerability of epigenetic marks of brain cells to environmental stimuli and its implication for health have been recently debated. Thus, we used the rat model of acute restraint stress (ARS) to evaluate the impact of stress on the global DNA methylation and on the expression of the Dnmt1 and Bdnf genes of hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Furthermore, we verified the potential of physical exercise to modulate epigenetic responses evoked by ARS. Sedentary male Wistar rats were submitted to ARS at the 75th postnatal day (PND), whereas animals from a physically active group were previously submitted to swimming sessions (35-74th PND) and to ARS at the 75th PND. Global DNA methylation profile was quantified using an ELISA-based method and the quantitative expression of the Dnmt1 and Bdnf genes was evaluated by real-time PCR. ARS induced a decrease in global DNA methylation in hippocampus, cortex and PAG of sedentary animals and an increased expression of Bdnf in PAG. No change in DNA methylation was associated with ARS in the exercised animals, although it was associated with abnormal expression of Dnmt1 and Bdnf in cortex, hypothalamus and PAG. Our data reveal that ARS evokes adaptive changes in global DNA methylation of rat brain that are independent of the expression of the Dnmt1 gene but might be linked to abnormal expression of the Bdnf gene in the PAG. Furthermore, our evidence indicates that physical exercise has the potential to modulate changes in DNA methylation and gene expression consequent to ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrey S Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus V Gomes
- Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil.
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Hypoactivity affects IGF-1 level and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in cerebral structures implied in motor control. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107631. [PMID: 25226394 PMCID: PMC4166665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic reduction in neuromuscular activity through prolonged body immobilization in human alters motor task performance through a combination of peripheral and central factors. Studies performed in a rat model of sensorimotor restriction have shown functional and biochemical changes in sensorimotor cortex. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Interest was turned towards a possible implication of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), a growth factor known to mediate neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity by inducing phosphorylation cascades which include the PI3K–AKT pathway. In order to better understand the influence of IGF-1 in cortical plasticity in rats submitted to a sensorimotor restriction, we analyzed the effect of hindlimb unloading on IGF-1 and its main molecular pathway in structures implied in motor control (sensorimotor cortex, striatum, cerebellum). IGF-1 level was determined by ELISA, and phosphorylation of its receptor and proteins of the PI3K–AKT pathway by immunoblot. In the sensorimotor cortex, our results indicate that HU induces a decrease in IGF-1 level; this alteration is associated to a decrease in activation of PI3K-AKT pathway. The same effect was observed in the striatum, although to a lower extent. No variation was noticed in the cerebellum. These results suggest that IGF-1 might contribute to cortical and striatal plasticity induced by a chronic sensorimotor restriction.
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Hartman SJ, Marinac CR, Natarajan L, Patterson RE. Lifestyle factors associated with cognitive functioning in breast cancer survivors. Psychooncology 2014; 24:669-75. [PMID: 25073541 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight, physical activity, and sleep are modifiable lifestyle factors that impact cognitive functioning in noncancer populations but have yet to be examined in cancer survivors. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of obesity, physical activity, and sleep, with cognitive functioning among breast cancer survivors. METHODS Participants were 136 early-stage postmenopausal breast cancer survivors who completed an assessment of neuropsychological testing, height, weight, physical activity, and sleep. Linear regression models examined the associations of the seven neuropsychological domains with obesity, physical activity, and sleep. Logistic regression models examined odd of impairment in each domain. All models controlled for breast cancer treatment variables and relevant demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS Obese participants had significantly worse performance (β = -5.04, standard error (SE) = 2.53) and were almost three times more likely to be impaired (odds ratio (OR) = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.02-8.10) on the Information processing domain. The highest tertile of physical activity was significantly related to better performance on the executive functioning domain (β = 5.13, SE = 2.42) and attention domain (β = 4.26, SE = 2.07). The middle tertile of physical activity was significantly related to better performance (β = 9.00, SE = 3.09) and decreased odds of impairment (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.07-0.91) on the visual-spatial domain. More hours of sleep per night was significantly associated with better performance (β = 2.69, SE = 0.98) and decreased odds of impairment (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.33-0.82) on the verbal functioning domain. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that obesity, physical activity, and sleep are related to cognitive functioning among breast cancer survivors and have potential to be intervention targets to improve cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri J Hartman
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Catherine R Marinac
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ruth E Patterson
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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38
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Rodriguez-Sánchez E, Criado-Gutiérrez JM, Mora-Simón S, Muriel-Diaz MP, Gómez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodríguez JI, Patino-Alonso MC, Valero-Juan LF, Maderuelo-Fernandez JA, García-Ortiz L. Physical activity program for patients with dementia and their relative caregivers: randomized clinical trial in Primary Health Care (AFISDEMyF study). BMC Neurol 2014; 14:63. [PMID: 24684948 PMCID: PMC3972512 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging of the population has led to the increase of chronic diseases, especially dementia and cardiovascular diseases, and it has become necessary for their relatives to dedicate more time in caregiving.The objective in the first phase of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Primary Health Care procedure to increase the physical activity of people with dementia and their relative caregivers. Also the effect on the cognitive state and cardiovascular risk will be assessed. METHODS/DESIGN DESIGN Clinical, multicentric and randomized trial. A simple random sampling to select 134 patients diagnosed with dementia will be carried out. After contacting their relatives, his/her participation in the trial will be requested. A basal assessment will be made and the participants will be asigned to control or intervention group (1:1). VARIABLES The main measure will be the assessment of physical activity (podometer and 7-PAR) in patients and caregivers. In patients with dementia: ADAS-cog, functional degree and cardiovascular risk. In caregivers: cardiovascular risk, general health and quality of life. INTERVENTION For 3 months, participants will receive instructions to do physical activity with an adapted program. This program will be designed and applied by Primary Health Care professionals in patients with dementia and their caregivers. The control group will receive regular care. ANALYSIS An intention-to-treat analysis will be carried out by comparing the observed differences between basal, 6 and 12 months measures. Change in the mean of daily steps assessed with the podometer and 7-PAR will be the main result. DISCUSSION If the main hypothesis is confirmed, it could be useful to improve the cognitive state of patients with dementia, as well as the cardiovascular risk of all of them. The results can be good to improve technical features of the devices that register the physical activity in the patients with dementia, and it could facilitate its commercialization. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02044887.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Rodriguez-Sánchez
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Centro de Salud La Alamedilla, 37003 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Sara Mora-Simón
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Basic Psychology, Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methodology Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Paz Muriel-Diaz
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel A Gómez-Marcos
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José I Recio-Rodríguez
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Carmen Patino-Alonso
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Statistics Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis F Valero-Juan
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Medical Microbiology Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José A Maderuelo-Fernandez
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis García-Ortiz
- Primary Health Care Research Unit The Alamedilla. The Alamedilla Primary Health Center, Castilla-Leon Health Service–SACYL, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Medicine Department, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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39
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Booth FW, Roberts CK, Laye MJ. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:1143-211. [PMID: 23798298 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1256] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are major killers in the modern era. Physical inactivity is a primary cause of most chronic diseases. The initial third of the article considers: activity and prevention definitions; historical evidence showing physical inactivity is detrimental to health and normal organ functional capacities; cause versus treatment; physical activity and inactivity mechanisms differ; gene-environment interaction (including aerobic training adaptations, personalized medicine, and co-twin physical activity); and specificity of adaptations to type of training. Next, physical activity/exercise is examined as primary prevention against 35 chronic conditions [accelerated biological aging/premature death, low cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, stroke, congestive heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, arterial dyslipidemia, hemostasis, deep vein thrombosis, cognitive dysfunction, depression and anxiety, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, balance, bone fracture/falls, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer, breast cancer, endometrial cancer, gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, polycystic ovary syndrome, erectile dysfunction, pain, diverticulitis, constipation, and gallbladder diseases]. The article ends with consideration of deterioration of risk factors in longer-term sedentary groups; clinical consequences of inactive childhood/adolescence; and public policy. In summary, the body rapidly maladapts to insufficient physical activity, and if continued, results in substantial decreases in both total and quality years of life. Taken together, conclusive evidence exists that physical inactivity is one important cause of most chronic diseases. In addition, physical activity primarily prevents, or delays, chronic diseases, implying that chronic disease need not be an inevitable outcome during life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W Booth
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, and Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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40
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Li N, Shi Y, Shi L, Liu Y, Zhang Y. Effects of aerobic exercise training on large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 113:2553-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Gomes MVDM, Pelosi GG. Epigenetic vulnerability and the environmental influence on health. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:859-65. [PMID: 23828586 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213490630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence has drawn the attention of the scientific community by indicating the potential vulnerability to environmental changes of epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. Being critical components of normal development, the importance of epigenetic mechanisms for normal biology is illustrated by the fact that abnormal epigenetic patterns have increasingly been linked to the aetiology of various diseases including cancer, paediatric syndromes, autoimmune diseases, genetic disorders and even the molecular process of ageing. It is estimated that the degree of vulnerability to changes in epigenetic patterns is high during early embryonic development, a period of life in which epigenetic patterns are established and cell differentiation is intense. Moreover, increasing amounts of relevant data and information reveal that the environment might potentially impact on epigenetic patterns at every period of life. Within this context, in this study we will review the principles of epigenetic vulnerability to environmental changes, the impacts on development, the association with the origin of common diseases and also speculate about the potential of lifestyle changes to modulate epigenetic patterns and contribute to preventing common diseases.
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42
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Schmidt W, Endres M, Dimeo F, Jungehulsing GJ. Train the Vessel, Gain the Brain: Physical Activity and Vessel Function and the Impact on Stroke Prevention and Outcome in Cerebrovascular Disease. Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 35:303-12. [DOI: 10.1159/000347061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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43
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Long-term physical exercise induces changes in sirtuin 1 pathway and oxidative parameters in adult rat tissues. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:925-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Physiological and behavioural consequences of long-term moderate treadmill exercise. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:1745-54. [PMID: 22472479 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of long-term moderate exercise for health are widely accepted in humans, but few animal studies have been undertaken to characterize the effects of such activity on emotionality and responsiveness to stress. The present study describes the effects of long-term moderate forced treadmill training (36 weeks) on exploratory activity, anxiety-like behaviour, and the resting or stress levels of some physiological variables, including pituitary-adrenal (PA) hormones. Five-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on the treadmill (TM) for 36 weeks, using a more moderate training (12m/min, 30min/day, 4-5 days/week) than that currently used in the literature. Two groups were used as controls: a non-handled sedentary (SED) group, receiving no manipulation, and a control (CON) group exposed to a stationary treadmill for the same amount of time as the TM group. In accordance with literature data, TM rats showed lower resting levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol than the other two groups. The TM and CON groups both showed higher ambulation than the SED group in some behavioural tests, without evidence for altered anxiety. Resting levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone did not differ among the groups, but a reduced ACTH response to both a novel environment (mild stressor) and an active escape-avoidance task (severe stressor) was observed in TM rats, whereas changes in corticosterone were modest. The results support the view that the physiological consequences of long-term moderate training are beneficial, including reduced PA responsiveness to stress, even though exercise training did not affect anxiety-like behaviour.
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45
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Falone S, D'Alessandro A, Mirabilio A, Cacchio M, Di Ilio C, Di Loreto S, Amicarelli F. Late-onset running biphasically improves redox balance, energy- and methylglyoxal-related status, as well as SIRT1 expression in mouse hippocampus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48334. [PMID: 23110231 PMCID: PMC3482192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the active research in this field, molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced beneficial effects on brain physiology and functions are still matter of debate, especially with regard to biological processes activated by regular exercise affecting the onset and progression of hippocampal aging in individuals unfamiliar with habitual physical activity. Since such responses seem to be mediated by changes in antioxidative, antiglycative and metabolic status, a possible exercise-induced coordinated response involving redox, methylglyoxal- and sirtuin-related molecular networks may be hypothesized. In this study, hippocampi of CD1 mice undergoing the transition from mature to middle age were analyzed for redox-related profile, oxidative and methylglyoxal-dependent damage patterns, energy metabolism, sirtuin1 and glyoxalase1 expression after a 2- or 4-mo treadmill running program. Our findings suggested that the 4-mo regular running lowered the chance of dicarbonyl and oxidative stress, activated mitochondrial catabolism and preserved sirtuin1-related neuroprotection. Surprisingly, the same cellular pathways were negatively affected by the first 2 months of exercise, thus showing an interesting biphasic response. In conclusion, the duration of exercise caused a profound shift in the response to regular running within the rodent hippocampus in a time-dependent fashion. This research revealed important details of the interaction between exercise and mammal hippocampus during the transition from mature to middle age, and this might help to develop non-pharmacological approaches aimed at retarding brain senescence, even in individuals unfamiliar with habitual exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Falone
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila (AQ), Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Mirabilio
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila (AQ), Italy
| | - Marisa Cacchio
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio”, Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
| | - Silvia Di Loreto
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT) – National Research Council (CNR), L'Aquila (AQ), Italy
| | - Fernanda Amicarelli
- Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila (AQ), Italy
- * E-mail:
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46
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The impact of the frequency of moderate exercise on memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling in young adult and middle-aged rats. Neuroscience 2012; 222:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Reuter I, Mehnert S, Sammer G, Oechsner M, Engelhardt M. Efficacy of a multimodal cognitive rehabilitation including psychomotor and endurance training in Parkinson's disease. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:235765. [PMID: 23008772 PMCID: PMC3447352 DOI: 10.1155/2012/235765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment, especially executive dysfunction might occur early in the course of Parkinson's disease. Cognitive training is thought to improve cognitive performance. However, transfer of improvements achieved in paper and pencil tests into daily life has been difficult. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a multimodal cognitive rehabilitation programme including physical exercises might be more successful than cognitive training programmes without motor training. 240 PD-patients were included in the study and randomly allocated to three treatment arms, group A cognitive training, group B cognitive training and transfer training and group C cognitive training, transfer training and psychomotor and endurance training. The primary outcome measure was the ADAS-Cog. The secondary outcome measure was the SCOPA-Cog. Training was conducted for 4 weeks on a rehabilitation unit, followed by 6 months training at home. Caregivers received an education programme. The combination of cognitive training using paper and pencil and the computer, transfer training and physical training seems to have the greatest effect on cognitive function. Thus, patients of group C showed the greatest improvement on the ADAS-Cog and SCOPA-COG and were more likely to continue with the training programme after the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Reuter
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig University, Klinikstraße 33, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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49
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Hansen P, English M, Willick SE. Does Running Cause Osteoarthritis in the Hip or Knee? PM R 2012; 4:S117-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Harms-Ringdahl M, Jenssen D, Haghdoost S. Tomato juice intake suppressed serum concentration of 8-oxodG after extensive physical activity. Nutr J 2012; 11:29. [PMID: 22551119 PMCID: PMC3494535 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA is constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), spontaneously arising during the normal oxygen metabolism. ROS may result in temporary as well as permanent modifications in various cellular components such as lipids, proteins and DNA, which may have deleterious consequences. Demonstrating that a dietary supplementation of antioxidants can reduce oxidative DNA damage may provide evidence for the value of such supplementation in prevention of cancer and age related diseases. Findings The present study was conducted to address whether tomato juice protects against ROS induced by extensive physical exercise in untrained individuals. As a marker of oxidative stress, serum levels of 8-oxodG were monitored using a modified ELISA. An intervention was performed involving 15 untrained healthy subjects who performed a 20 min physical exercise at 80% of maximum pulse using an ergometer bicycle. Blood samples were taken before and one hour after the exercise. The procedure was repeated after 5 weeks with a daily intake of 150 ml tomato juice and followed by a 5 weeks wash-out period and another 5 weeks with a daily intake of tomato juice. The results indicated that a daily intake of tomato juice, equal to 15 mg lycopene per day, for 5 weeks significantly reduced the serum levels of 8-oxodG after an extensive physical exercise. Conclusion These data strongly suggest that tomato juice has a potential antioxidant effect and may reduce the elevated level of ROS induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Harms-Ringdahl
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research (CRPR), Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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