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Hackney JF, Broatch JE, Dallal RA, Brotherson C, Livingston S, Sabir Z, Reshi SM, Faltermeier Petras SR, Mallick S, Applegate MT, Mellor NJ, Buss K, Blain JM, Wagner CE, Jurutka PW, Marshall PA. Rexinoids Induce Differential Gene Expression in Human Glioblastoma Cells and Protein-Protein Interactions in a Yeast Two-Hybrid System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39012782 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Rexinoids are compounds that bind to the rexinoid X receptor (RXR) to modulate gene expression and have been proposed as a new class of therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's disease. Different rexinoids will initiate downstream effects that can be quite marked even though such compounds can be structurally similar and have comparable RXR binding affinities. RXR can both homo- and heterodimerize, and these protein-protein interactions and subsequent transactivating potential lead to differential gene expression, depending on the RXR dimeric partner, additional cofactors recruited, and downstream transcription factors that are up- or downregulated. Expression analysis was performed in the U87 human glioblastoma cell line treated with a panel of rexinoids, and our analysis demonstrated that rexinoids with similar RXR EC50 values can have pronounced differences in differential gene expression. Rexinoid binding likely leads to distinctive RXR conformations that cause major downstream gene expression alterations via modulation of RXR interacting proteins. Yeast two-hybrid analysis of RXR bait with two RXR interacting partners demonstrates that rexinoids drive differential binding of RXR to distinctive protein partners. Physiochemical analysis of the rexinoids reveals that the molecules cluster similarly to their gene expression patterns. Thus, rexinoids with similar RXR binding affinities drive differential gene expression by stimulating additional binding patterns in RXR and its homo- and heteropartners, driven by the physicochemical characteristics of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Hackney
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Jennifer E Broatch
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Rita A Dallal
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Christian Brotherson
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sarah Livingston
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Zhela Sabir
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sabeeha Mushtaq Reshi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Samantha R Faltermeier Petras
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Sanchita Mallick
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Michael T Applegate
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Nicholas J Mellor
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Kristina Buss
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Joy M Blain
- Genomics Core, Biosciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Carl E Wagner
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
| | - Pamela A Marshall
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, New College of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona 85306, United States
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2
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Wang C, Liu R, Luo W, Zhao P, Wang H. Retinoic acid signalling inhibits myogenesis by blocking MYOD translation in pig skeletal muscle cells. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2351973. [PMID: 38753962 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2351973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient in animals, playing important roles in animal health. In the pig industry, proper supplementation of vitamin A in the feed can improve pork production performance, while deficiency or excessive intake can lead to growth retardation or disease. However, the specific molecular mechanisms through which vitamin A operates on pig skeletal muscle growth as well as muscle stem cell function remain unexplored. Therefore, in this study, we isolated the pig primary skeletal muscle stem cells (pMuSCs) and treated with retinoic acid (RA), the natural metabolite of vitamin A, and then examined the myogenic capacity of pMuSCs via immunostaining, real-time PCR, CCK8 and western-blot analysis. Unexpectedly, the RA caused a significant decrease in the proliferation and differentiation of pMuSCs. Mechanistically, the RA addition induced the activation of retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ), which inhibited the myogenesis through the blockage of protein translation of the master myogenic regulator myogenic differentiation 1 gene (MYOD). Specifically, RARγ inactivate AKT kinase (AKT) signalling and lead to dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (eIF4EBP1), which in turn repress the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) complex and block mRNA translation of MYOD. Inhibition of AKT could rescue the myogenic defects of RA-treated pMuSCs. Our findings revealed that retinoid acid signalling inhibits the skeletal muscle stem cell proliferation and differentiation in pigs. Therefore, the vitamin A supplement in the feedstuff should be cautiously optimized to avoid the potential adverse consequences on muscle development associated with the excessive levels of retinoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changying Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Ruige Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhe Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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3
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Fernandes-Silva H, Alves MG, Garcez MR, Correia-Pinto J, Oliveira PF, Homem CCF, Moura RS. Retinoic Acid-Mediated Control of Energy Metabolism Is Essential for Lung Branching Morphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5054. [PMID: 38732272 PMCID: PMC11084425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung branching morphogenesis relies on intricate epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and signaling networks. Still, the interplay between signaling and energy metabolism in shaping embryonic lung development remains unexplored. Retinoic acid (RA) signaling influences lung proximal-distal patterning and branching morphogenesis, but its role as a metabolic modulator is unknown. Hence, this study investigates how RA signaling affects the metabolic profile of lung branching. We performed ex vivo lung explant culture of embryonic chicken lungs treated with DMSO, 1 µM RA, or 10 µM BMS493. Extracellular metabolite consumption/production was evaluated by using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis were also analyzed. Proliferation was assessed using an EdU-based assay. The expression of crucial metabolic/signaling components was examined through Western blot, qPCR, and in situ hybridization. RA signaling stimulation redirects glucose towards pyruvate and succinate production rather than to alanine or lactate. Inhibition of RA signaling reduces lung branching, resulting in a cystic-like phenotype while promoting mitochondrial function. Here, RA signaling emerges as a regulator of tissue proliferation and lactate dehydrogenase expression. Furthermore, RA governs fatty acid metabolism through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. These findings underscore RA's pivotal role in shaping lung metabolism during branching morphogenesis, contributing to our understanding of lung development and cystic-related lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fernandes-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- PhDOC PhD Program, ICVS/3B’s, School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Marco G. Alves
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marcia R. Garcez
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1449-011 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.R.G.); (C.C.F.H.)
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital of Braga, 4710-243 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Catarina C. F. Homem
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS/FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1449-011 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.R.G.); (C.C.F.H.)
| | - Rute S. Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (H.F.-S.); (J.C.-P.)
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Ohara D, Takeuchi Y, Watanabe H, Lee Y, Mukoyama H, Ohteki T, Kondoh G, Hirota K. Notch2 with retinoic acid license IL-23 expression by intestinal EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s in mice. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230923. [PMID: 38180443 PMCID: PMC10770806 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of IL-23 in mucosal host defense and disease pathogenesis, the mechanisms regulating the development of IL-23-producing mononuclear phagocytes remain poorly understood. Here, we employed an Il23aVenus reporter strain to investigate the developmental identity and functional regulation of IL-23-producing cells. We showed that flagellin stimulation or Citrobacter rodentium infection led to robust induction of IL-23-producing EpCAM+ DCIR2+ CD103- cDC2s, termed cDCIL23, which was confined to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including the mesenteric lymph nodes, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Notch2 signaling was crucial for the development of EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s, and the combination of Notch2 signaling with retinoic acid signaling controlled their terminal differentiation into cDCIL23, supporting a two-step model for the development of gut cDCIL23. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the developmental pathways and cellular dynamics of IL-23-producing cDC2s at steady state and during pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiya Ohara
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitomi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoonha Lee
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mukoyama
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Kondoh
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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I Kutyavin V, Korn LL, Medzhitov R. Nutrient-derived signals regulate eosinophil adaptation to the small intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316446121. [PMID: 38271336 PMCID: PMC10835075 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316446121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are well recognized as effector cells of type 2 immunity, yet they also accumulate in many tissues under homeostatic conditions. However, the processes that govern homeostatic eosinophil accumulation and tissue-specific adaptation, and their functional significance, remain poorly defined. Here, we investigated how eosinophils adapt to the small intestine (SI) microenvironment and the local signals that regulate this process. We observed that eosinophils gradually migrate along the crypt-villus axis, giving rise to a villus-resident subpopulation with a distinct transcriptional signature. Retinoic acid signaling was specifically required for maintenance of this subpopulation, while IL-5 was largely dispensable outside of its canonical role in eosinophil production. Surprisingly, we found that a high-protein diet suppressed the accumulation of villus-resident eosinophils. Purified amino acids were sufficient for this effect, which was a consequence of accelerated eosinophil turnover within the tissue microenvironment and was not due to altered development in the bone marrow. Our study provides insight into the process of eosinophil adaptation to the SI, highlighting its reliance on nutrient-derived signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassily I Kutyavin
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Lisa L Korn
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- HHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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6
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Al Noman MA, Cuellar RAD, Kyzer JL, Chung SSW, Cheryala N, Holth TAD, Maitra S, Naqvi T, Wong HL, Schönbrunn E, Hawkinson JE, Wolgemuth DJ, Georg GI. Strategies for developing retinoic acid receptor alpha-selective antagonists as novel agents for male contraception. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115821. [PMID: 37776573 PMCID: PMC10841505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Reported here are the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a series of 26 retinoic acid analogs based on dihydronaphthalene and chromene scaffolds using a transactivation assay. Chromene amide analog 21 was the most potent and selective retinoic acid receptor α antagonist identified from this series. In vitro evaluation indicated that 21 has favorable physicochemical properties and a favorable pharmacokinetic PK profile in vivo with significant oral bioavailability, metabolic stability, and testes exposure. Compound 21 was evaluated for its effects on spermatogenesis and disruption of fertility in a mouse model. Oral administration of compound 21 at low doses showed reproducibly characteristic albeit modest effects on spermatogenesis, but no effects on fertility were observed in mating studies. The inhibition of spermatogenesis could not be enhanced by raising the dose and lengthening the duration of dosing. Thus, 21 may not be a good candidate to pursue further for effects on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Noman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Rebecca A D Cuellar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Jillian L Kyzer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | | | - Narsihmulu Cheryala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Trinh A D Holth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Soma Maitra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Tahmina Naqvi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Henry L Wong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Jon E Hawkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Debra J Wolgemuth
- Department of Genetics and Development, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, USA; The Institute of Human Nutrition, USA; The Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gunda I Georg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
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Tenório de Menezes YK, Eto C, de Oliveira J, Larson EC, Mendes DAGB, Dias GBM, Delgobo M, Gubernat AK, Gleim JL, Munari EL, Starick M, Ferreira F, Mansur DS, Costa DL, Scanga CA, Báfica A. The Endogenous Retinoic Acid Receptor Pathway Is Exploited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Infection, Both In Vitro and In Vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:601-611. [PMID: 37395686 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a fundamental vitamin A metabolite involved in regulating immune responses through the nuclear RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor. While performing experiments using THP-1 cells as a model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, we observed that serum-supplemented cultures displayed high levels of baseline RAR activation in the presence of live, but not heat-killed, bacteria, suggesting that M. tuberculosis robustly induces the endogenous RAR pathway. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we have further explored the role of endogenous RAR activity in M. tuberculosis infection through pharmacological inhibition of RARs. We found that M. tuberculosis induces classical RA response element genes such as CD38 and DHRS3 in both THP-1 cells and human primary CD14+ monocytes via a RAR-dependent pathway. M. tuberculosis-stimulated RAR activation was observed with conditioned media and required nonproteinaceous factor(s) present in FBS. Importantly, RAR blockade by (4-[(E)-2-[5,5-dimethyl-8-(2-phenylethynyl)-6H-naphthalen-2-yl]ethenyl]benzoic acid), a specific pan-RAR inverse agonist, in a low-dose murine model of tuberculosis significantly reduced SIGLEC-F+CD64+CD11c+high alveolar macrophages in the lungs, which correlated with 2× reduction in tissue mycobacterial burden. These results suggest that the endogenous RAR activation axis contributes to M. tuberculosis infection both in vitro and in vivo and reveal an opportunity for further investigation of new antituberculosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonne Karoline Tenório de Menezes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carolina Eto
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Joseana de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Erica C Larson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Daniel A G B Mendes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Greicy Brisa Malaquias Dias
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Murilo Delgobo
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Abigail K Gubernat
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Janelle L Gleim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eduarda Laís Munari
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marick Starick
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos Mansur
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diego L Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Charles A Scanga
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - André Báfica
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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8
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Rui H, Ashton KS, Min J, Wang C, Potts PR. Protein-protein interfaces in molecular glue-induced ternary complexes: classification, characterization, and prediction. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:192-215. [PMID: 36908699 PMCID: PMC9994104 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular glues are a class of small molecules that stabilize the interactions between proteins. Naturally occurring molecular glues are present in many areas of biology where they serve as central regulators of signaling pathways. Importantly, several clinical compounds act as molecular glue degraders that stabilize interactions between E3 ubiquitin ligases and target proteins, leading to their degradation. Molecular glues hold promise as a new generation of therapeutic agents, including those molecular glue degraders that can redirect the protein degradation machinery in a precise way. However, rational discovery of molecular glues is difficult in part due to the lack of understanding of the protein-protein interactions they stabilize. In this review, we summarize the structures of known molecular glue-induced ternary complexes and the interface properties. Detailed analysis shows different mechanisms of ternary structure formation. Additionally, we also review computational approaches for predicting protein-protein interfaces and highlight the promises and challenges. This information will ultimately help inform future approaches for rational molecular glue discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Rui
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digital Innovation, Amgen Research Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA
| | - Kate S Ashton
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA
| | - Jaeki Min
- Induced Proximity Platform, Amgen Research Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA
| | - Connie Wang
- Digital, Technology & Innovation, Amgen Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA
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9
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Bozzo M, Bellitto D, Amaroli A, Ferrando S, Schubert M, Candiani S. Retinoic Acid and POU Genes in Developing Amphioxus: A Focus on Neural Development. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040614. [PMID: 36831281 PMCID: PMC9953854 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
POU genes are a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors with key functions in cell type specification and neurogenesis. In vitro experiments have indicated that the expression of some POU genes is controlled by the intercellular signaling molecule retinoic acid (RA). In this work, we aimed to characterize the roles of RA signaling in the regulation of POU genes in vivo. To do so, we studied POU genes during the development of the cephalochordate amphioxus, an animal model crucial for understanding the evolutionary origins of vertebrates. The expression patterns of amphioxus POU genes were assessed at different developmental stages by chromogenic in situ hybridization and hybridization chain reaction. Expression was further assessed in embryos subjected to pharmacological manipulation of endogenous RA signaling activity. In addition to a detailed description of the effects of these treatments on amphioxus POU gene expression, our survey included the first description of Pou2 and Pou6 expression in amphioxus embryos. We found that Pit-1, Pou2, Pou3l, and Pou6 expression are not affected by alterations of endogenous RA signaling levels. In contrast, our experiments indicated that Brn1/2/4 and Pou4 expression are regulated by RA signaling in the endoderm and the nerve cord, respectively. The effects of the treatments on Pou4 expression in the nerve cord revealed that, in developing amphioxus, RA signaling plays a dual role by (1) providing anteroposterior patterning information to neural cells and (2) specifying neural cell types. This finding is coherent with a terminal selector function of Pou4 for GABAergic neurons in amphioxus and represents the first description of RA-induced changes in POU gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bozzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-0103358043 (M.B.); +39-0103358051 (S.C.)
| | - Deianira Bellitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Ferrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael Schubert
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), Institut de la Mer de Villefranche, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Simona Candiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), Università degli Studi di Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (S.C.); Tel.: +39-0103358043 (M.B.); +39-0103358051 (S.C.)
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10
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Burns NG, Kardon G. The role of genes and environment in the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 152:115-138. [PMID: 36707209 PMCID: PMC10923182 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Structural birth defects are a common cause of abnormalities in newborns. While there are cases of structural birth defects arising due to monogenic defects or environmental exposures, many birth defects are likely caused by a complex interaction between genes and the environment. A structural birth defect with complex etiology is congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH), a common and often lethal disruption in diaphragm development. Mutations in more than 150 genes have been implicated in CDH pathogenesis. Although there is generally less evidence for a role for environmental factors in the etiology of CDH, deficiencies in maternal vitamin A and its derivative embryonic retinoic acid are strongly associated with CDH. However, the incomplete penetrance of CDH-implicated genes and environmental factors such as vitamin A deficiency suggest that interactions between genes and environment may be necessary to cause CDH. In this review, we examine the genetic and environmental factors implicated in diaphragm and CDH development. In addition, we evaluate the potential for gene-environment interactions in CDH etiology, focusing on the potential interactions between the CDH-implicated gene, Gata4, and maternal vitamin A deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Burns
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
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11
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Zheng W, Zeng Z, Lin S, Hou P. Revisiting potential value of antitumor drugs in the treatment of COVID-19. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:165. [PMID: 36182930 PMCID: PMC9526459 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since an outbreak started in China in 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a worldwide epidemic with high contagiousness and caused mass mortalities of infected cases around the world. Currently, available treatments for COVID-19, including supportive care, respiratory support and antiviral therapy, have shown limited efficacy. Thus, more effective therapeutic modalities are highly warranted. Drug repurposing, as an efficient strategy to explore a potential broader scope of the application of approved drugs beyond their original indications, accelerates the process of discovering safe and effective agents for a given disease. Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, drug repurposing strategy has been widely used to discover potential antiviral agents, and some of these drugs have advanced into clinical trials. Antitumor drugs compromise a vast variety of compounds and exhibit extensive mechanism of action, showing promising properties in drug repurposing. In this review, we revisit the potential value of antitumor drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 and systematically discuss their possible underlying mechanisms of the antiviral actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Zheng
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zekun Zeng
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumei Lin
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China ,grid.452438.c0000 0004 1760 8119Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 People’s Republic of China
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12
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Cao YG, Bae S, Villarreal J, Moy M, Chun E, Michaud M, Lang JK, Glickman JN, Lobel L, Garrett WS. Faecalibaculum rodentium remodels retinoic acid signaling to govern eosinophil-dependent intestinal epithelial homeostasis. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1295-1310.e8. [PMID: 35985335 PMCID: PMC9481734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium plays critical roles in sensing and integrating dietary and microbial signals. How microbiota and intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) interactions regulate host physiology in the proximal small intestine, particularly the duodenum, is unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of duodenal IECs under germ-free (GF) and different conventional microbiota compositions, we show that specific microbiota members alter epithelial homeostasis by increasing epithelial turnover rate, crypt proliferation, and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Microbiome profiling identified Faecalibaculum rodentium as a key species involved in this regulation. F. rodentium decreases enterocyte expression of retinoic-acid-producing enzymes Adh1, Aldh1a1, and Rdh7, reducing retinoic acid signaling required to maintain certain intestinal eosinophil populations. Eosinophils suppress intraepithelial-lymphocyte-mediated production of interferon-γ that regulates epithelial cell function. Thus, we identify a retinoic acid-eosinophil-interferon-γ-dependent circuit by which the microbiota modulates duodenal epithelial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Grace Cao
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sena Bae
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jannely Villarreal
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Madelyn Moy
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eunyoung Chun
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Monia Michaud
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jessica K Lang
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lior Lobel
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Departments of Immunology & Infectious Diseases and Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Telias M, Sit KK, Frozenfar D, Smith B, Misra A, Goard MJ, Kramer RH. Retinoic acid inhibitors mitigate vision loss in a mouse model of retinal degeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4643. [PMID: 35302843 PMCID: PMC8932665 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rod and cone photoreceptors degenerate in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). While downstream neurons survive, they undergo physiological changes, including accelerated spontaneous firing in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Retinoic acid (RA) is the molecular trigger of RGC hyperactivity, but whether this interferes with visual perception is unknown. Here, we show that inhibiting RA synthesis with disulfiram, a deterrent of human alcohol abuse, improves behavioral image detection in vision-impaired mice. In vivo Ca2+ imaging shows that disulfiram sharpens orientation tuning of visual cortical neurons and strengthens fidelity of responses to natural scenes. An RA receptor inhibitor also reduces RGC hyperactivity, sharpens cortical representations, and improves image detection. These findings suggest that photoreceptor degeneration is not the only cause of vision loss in RP. RA-induced corruption of retinal information processing also degrades vision, pointing to RA synthesis and signaling inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools for improving sight in RP and other retinal degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin K. Sit
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Frozenfar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arjit Misra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Goard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Richard H. Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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14
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López-Pérez AR, Balwierz PJ, Lenhard B, Muller F, Wardle FC, Manfroid I, Voz ML, Peers B. Identification of downstream effectors of retinoic acid specifying the zebrafish pancreas by integrative genomics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22717. [PMID: 34811400 PMCID: PMC8608873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02039-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a key signal for the specification of the pancreas. Still, the gene regulatory cascade triggered by RA in the endoderm remains poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated this regulatory network in zebrafish by combining RNA-seq, RAR ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq assays. By analysing the effect of RA and of the RA receptor (RAR) inverse-agonist BMS493 on the transcriptome and on the chromatin accessibility of endodermal cells, we identified a large set of genes and regulatory regions regulated by RA signalling. RAR ChIP-seq further defined the direct RAR target genes in zebrafish, including hox genes as well as several pancreatic regulators like mnx1, insm1b, hnf1ba and gata6. Comparison of zebrafish and murine RAR ChIP-seq data highlighted the conserved direct target genes and revealed that some RAR sites are under strong evolutionary constraints. Among them, a novel highly conserved RAR-induced enhancer was identified downstream of the HoxB locus and driving expression in the nervous system and in the gut in a RA-dependent manner. Finally, ATAC-seq data unveiled the role of the RAR-direct targets Hnf1ba and Gata6 in opening chromatin at many regulatory loci upon RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R López-Pérez
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA-R, SART TILMAN, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.,Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Piotr J Balwierz
- Institute of Clinical Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Boris Lenhard
- Institute of Clinical Sciences and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ferenc Muller
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fiona C Wardle
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Isabelle Manfroid
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA-R, SART TILMAN, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne L Voz
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA-R, SART TILMAN, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Peers
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Development and Disease Models (ZDDM), GIGA-R, SART TILMAN, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B34, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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15
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Da Silva F, Jian Motamedi F, Weerasinghe Arachchige LC, Tison A, Bradford ST, Lefebvre J, Dolle P, Ghyselinck NB, Wagner KD, Schedl A. Retinoic acid signaling is directly activated in cardiomyocytes and protects mouse hearts from apoptosis after myocardial infarction. eLife 2021; 10:68280. [PMID: 34623260 PMCID: PMC8530512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential signaling molecule for cardiac development and plays a protective role in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). In both cases, the effect of RA signaling on cardiomyocytes, the principle cell type of the heart, has been reported to be indirect. Here we have developed an inducible murine transgenic RA-reporter line using CreERT2 technology that permits lineage tracing of RA-responsive cells and faithfully recapitulates endogenous RA activity in multiple organs during embryonic development. Strikingly, we have observed a direct RA response in cardiomyocytes during mid-late gestation and after MI. Ablation of RA signaling through deletion of the Aldh1a1/a2/a3 genes encoding RA-synthesizing enzymes leads to increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in adults subjected to MI. RNA sequencing analysis reveals Tgm2 and Ace1, two genes with well-established links to cardiac repair, as potential targets of RA signaling in primary cardiomyocytes, thereby providing novel links between the RA pathway and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amelie Tison
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Dolle
- IGBMC, Inserm U1258, UNISTRA CNRS, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Kay D Wagner
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
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16
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Ligands and DNA in the allosteric control of retinoid receptors function. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:887-899. [PMID: 34296739 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids are a family of compounds that include both vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and its naturally occurring metabolites such as retinoic acids (e.g. all-trans retinoic acid) as well as synthetic analogs. They are critically involved in the regulation of a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as embryogenesis and organogenesis, apoptosis, reproduction, vision, and the growth and differentiation of normal and neoplastic cells in vertebrates. The ability of these small molecules to control the expression of several hundred genes through binding to nuclear ligand-dependent transcription factors accounts for most of their functions. Three retinoic acid receptor (RARα,β,γ) and three retinoid X receptor (RXRα,β,γ) subtypes form a variety of RXR-RAR heterodimers that have been shown to mediate the pleiotropic effects of retinoids through the recruitment of high-molecular weight co-regulatory complexes to response-element DNA sequences found in the promoter region of their target genes. Hence, heterodimeric retinoid receptors are multidomain entities that respond to various incoming signals, such as ligand and DNA binding, by allosteric structural alterations which are the basis of further signal propagation. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge with regard to the structural mechanisms by which retinoids and DNA response elements act as allosteric effectors that may combine to finely tune RXR-RAR heterodimers activity.
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17
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Iturbide A, Ruiz Tejada Segura ML, Noll C, Schorpp K, Rothenaigner I, Ruiz-Morales ER, Lubatti G, Agami A, Hadian K, Scialdone A, Torres-Padilla ME. Retinoic acid signaling is critical during the totipotency window in early mammalian development. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:521-532. [PMID: 34045724 PMCID: PMC8195742 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Totipotent cells hold enormous potential for regenerative medicine. Thus, the development of cellular models recapitulating totipotent-like features is of paramount importance. Cells resembling the totipotent cells of early embryos arise spontaneously in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures. Such '2-cell-like-cells' (2CLCs) recapitulate 2-cell-stage features and display expanded cell potential. Here, we used 2CLCs to perform a small-molecule screen to identify new pathways regulating the 2-cell-stage program. We identified retinoids as robust inducers of 2CLCs and the retinoic acid (RA)-signaling pathway as a key component of the regulatory circuitry of totipotent cells in embryos. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we reveal the transcriptional dynamics of 2CLC reprogramming and show that ES cells undergo distinct cellular trajectories in response to RA. Importantly, endogenous RA activity in early embryos is essential for zygotic genome activation and developmental progression. Overall, our data shed light on the gene regulatory networks controlling cellular plasticity and the totipotency program.
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MESH Headings
- Acitretin/pharmacology
- Animals
- Blastocyst Inner Cell Mass/cytology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology
- Embryonic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics
- Genes, Reporter
- Isotretinoin/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice/embryology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA-Seq
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Totipotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Totipotent Stem Cells/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tretinoin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tretinoin/physiology
- Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Iturbide
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mayra L Ruiz Tejada Segura
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Camille Noll
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development & Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology & Pharmacology (TOXI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ina Rothenaigner
- Assay Development & Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology & Pharmacology (TOXI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elias R Ruiz-Morales
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriele Lubatti
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Agami
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development & Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology & Pharmacology (TOXI), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria-Elena Torres-Padilla
- Institute of Epigenetics and Stem Cells (IES), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Okubo T, Hara K, Azuma S, Takada S. Effect of retinoic acid signaling on Ripply3 expression and pharyngeal arch morphogenesis in mouse embryos. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1036-1050. [PMID: 33452727 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharyngeal arches (PA) are sequentially generated in an anterior-to-posterior order. Ripply3 is essential for posterior PA development in mouse embryos and its expression is sequentially activated in ectoderm and endoderm prior to formation of each PA. Since the PA phenotype of Ripply3 knockout (KO) mice is similar to that of retinoic acid (RA) signal-deficient embryos, we investigated the relationship between RA signaling and Ripply3 in mouse embryos. RESULTS In BMS493 (pan-RAR antagonist) treated embryos, which are defective in third and fourth PA development, Ripply3 expression is decreased in the region posterior to PA2 at E9.0. This expression remains and its distribution is expanded posteriorly at E9.5. Conversely, high dose RA exposure does not apparently change its expression at E9.0 and 9.5. Knockout of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2), which causes more severe PA defect, attenuates sequential Ripply3 expression at PA1 and reduces its expression level. EGFP reporter expression driven by a 6 kb Ripply3 promoter fragment recapitulates the endogenous Ripply3 mRNA expression during PA development in wild-type, but its distribution is expanded posteriorly in BMS493-treated and Raldh2 KO embryos. CONCLUSION Spatio-temporal regulation of Ripply3 expression by RA signaling is indispensable for the posterior PA development in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Hara
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sadahiro Azuma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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19
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Watanabe M, Fujihara M, Motoyama T, Kawasaki M, Yamada S, Takamura Y, Ito S, Makishima M, Nakano S, Kakuta H. Discovery of a "Gatekeeper" Antagonist that Blocks Entry Pathway to Retinoid X Receptors (RXRs) without Allosteric Ligand Inhibition in Permissive RXR Heterodimers. J Med Chem 2020; 64:430-439. [PMID: 33356247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers such as PPAR/RXR, LXR/RXR, and FXR/RXR can be activated by RXR agonists alone and are therefore designated as permissive. Similarly, existing RXR antagonists show allosteric antagonism toward partner receptor agonists in these permissive RXR heterodimers. Here, we show 1-(3-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid (14, CBTF-EE) as the first RXR antagonist that does not show allosteric inhibition in permissive RXR heterodimers. This compound was designed based on the hypothesis that RXR antagonists that do not induce conformational changes of RXR would not exhibit such allosteric inhibition. CD spectra and X-ray co-crystallography of the complex of 14 and the RXR ligand binding domain (LBD) confirmed that 14 does not change the conformation of hRXR-LBD. The X-ray structure analysis revealed that 14 binds at the entrance of the ligand binding pocket (LBP), blocking access to the LBP and thus serving as a "gatekeeper".
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Watanabe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujihara
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,AIBIOS Company. Ltd., Tri-Seven Roppongi 8F 7-7-7 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Motoyama
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mayu Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Shoya Yamada
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.,Research Fellowship Division, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sumitomo-Ichibancho FS Bldg., 8 Ichibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sohei Ito
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Comai GE, Tesařová M, Dupé V, Rhinn M, Vallecillo-García P, da Silva F, Feret B, Exelby K, Dollé P, Carlsson L, Pryce B, Spitz F, Stricker S, Zikmund T, Kaiser J, Briscoe J, Schedl A, Ghyselinck NB, Schweitzer R, Tajbakhsh S. Local retinoic acid signaling directs emergence of the extraocular muscle functional unit. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000902. [PMID: 33201874 PMCID: PMC7707851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated development of muscles, tendons, and their attachment sites ensures emergence of functional musculoskeletal units that are adapted to diverse anatomical demands among different species. How these different tissues are patterned and functionally assembled during embryogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the morphogenesis of extraocular muscles (EOMs), an evolutionary conserved cranial muscle group that is crucial for the coordinated movement of the eyeballs and for visual acuity. By means of lineage analysis, we redefined the cellular origins of periocular connective tissues interacting with the EOMs, which do not arise exclusively from neural crest mesenchyme as previously thought. Using 3D imaging approaches, we established an integrative blueprint for the EOM functional unit. By doing so, we identified a developmental time window in which individual EOMs emerge from a unique muscle anlage and establish insertions in the sclera, which sets these muscles apart from classical muscle-to-bone type of insertions. Further, we demonstrate that the eyeballs are a source of diffusible all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) that allow their targeting by the EOMs in a temporal and dose-dependent manner. Using genetically modified mice and inhibitor treatments, we find that endogenous local variations in the concentration of retinoids contribute to the establishment of tendon condensations and attachment sites that precede the initiation of muscle patterning. Collectively, our results highlight how global and site-specific programs are deployed for the assembly of muscle functional units with precise definition of muscle shapes and topographical wiring of their tendon attachments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Evangelina Comai
- Stem Cells & Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (GEC); (ST)
| | - Markéta Tesařová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Rhinn
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Fabio da Silva
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
- Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Betty Feret
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Pascal Dollé
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Leif Carlsson
- Umeå Center for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Brian Pryce
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, United States of America
| | - François Spitz
- Genomics of Animal Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sigmar Stricker
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomáš Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Norbert B. Ghyselinck
- IGBMC-Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Portland, United States of America
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells & Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (GEC); (ST)
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21
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Zhu GJ, Gong S, Ma DB, Tao T, He WQ, Zhang L, Wang F, Qian XY, Zhou H, Fan C, Wang P, Chen X, Zhao W, Sun J, Chen H, Wang Y, Gao X, Zuo J, Zhu MS, Gao X, Wan G. Aldh inhibitor restores auditory function in a mouse model of human deafness. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009040. [PMID: 32970669 PMCID: PMC7553308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic hearing loss is a common health problem with no effective therapy currently available. DFNA15, caused by mutations of the transcription factor POU4F3, is one of the most common forms of autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness. In this study, we established a novel mouse model of the human DFNA15 deafness, with a Pou4f3 gene mutation (Pou4f3Δ) identical to that found in a familial case of DFNA15. The Pou4f3(Δ/+) mice suffered progressive deafness in a similar manner to the DFNA15 patients. Hair cells in the Pou4f3(Δ/+) cochlea displayed significant stereociliary and mitochondrial pathologies, with apparent loss of outer hair cells. Progression of hearing and outer hair cell loss of the Pou4f3(Δ/+) mice was significantly modified by other genetic and environmental factors. Using Pou4f3(-/+) heterozygous knockout mice, we also showed that DFNA15 is likely caused by haploinsufficiency of the Pou4f3 gene. Importantly, inhibition of retinoic acid signaling by the aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh) and retinoic acid receptor inhibitors promoted Pou4f3 expression in the cochlear tissue and suppressed the progression of hearing loss in the mutant mice. These data demonstrate Pou4f3 haploinsufficiency as the main underlying cause of human DFNA15 deafness and highlight the therapeutic potential of Aldh inhibitors for treatment of progressive hearing loss. More than 50% of deafness cases are due to genetic defects with no treatment available. DFNA15, caused by mutations of the transcription factor POU4F3, is one of the most common types of autosomal dominant non-syndromic deafness. Here, we established a novel mouse model with the exact Pou4f3 mutation identified in human patients. The mutant mouse display similar auditory pathophysiology as human patients and exhibit multiple hair cell abnormalities. The onset and severity of hearing loss in the mouse model is highly modifiable to environmental factors, such as aging, noise exposure or genetic backgrounds. Using a new knockout mouse model, we found Pou4f3 haploinsufficiency as the underlying mechanism of human DFNA15. Importantly, we identified Aldh inhibitor as a potent small molecule for upregulation of Pou4f3 and treatment of hearing loss in the mutant mouse. The identification of Aldh inhibitor for treatment of DFNA15 deafness represents a major advance in the unmet medical need for this common form of progressive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jie Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihao Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deng-Bin Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Qi He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Qian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaqun Chen
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Nanjing MuCyte Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, United States of America
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (MSZ); (XG); (GW)
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (MSZ); (XG); (GW)
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Provincial Key Discipline of the affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University and Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Studies, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (MSZ); (XG); (GW)
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Abstract
This chapter has been conceived as an introductory text to aid in the understanding of the key design strategies for the development of synthetic analogs of endogenous retinoids as ligands for the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The structure and binding characteristics of the endogenous retinoids are first explained to put the main chemical design challenges in context. Existing biochemical and structural data is then used to describe the guiding principles used to develop agonists and antagonists of the RARs and RXRs. In light of the increasing proliferation of biophysical methods that employ fluorescence measurements or molecular tags, we also examine the application of retinoids as probes and the chemical principles required to develop these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Lower Mountjoy, Durham, United Kingdom
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23
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Vernet N, Condrea D, Mayere C, Féret B, Klopfenstein M, Magnant W, Alunni V, Teletin M, Souali-Crespo S, Nef S, Mark M, Ghyselinck NB. Meiosis occurs normally in the fetal ovary of mice lacking all retinoic acid receptors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz1139. [PMID: 32917583 PMCID: PMC7244263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gametes are generated through a specialized cell differentiation process, meiosis, which, in ovaries of most mammals, is initiated during fetal life. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is considered as the molecular signal triggering meiosis initiation. In the present study, we analyzed female fetuses ubiquitously lacking all ATRA nuclear receptors (RAR), obtained through a tamoxifen-inducible cre recombinase-mediated gene targeting approach. Unexpectedly, mutant oocytes robustly expressed meiotic genes, including the meiotic gatekeeper STRA8. In addition, ovaries from mutant fetuses grafted into adult recipient females yielded offspring bearing null alleles for all Rar genes. Thus, our results show that RAR are fully dispensable for meiotic initiation, as well as for the production of functional oocytes. Assuming that the effects of ATRA all rely on RAR, our study goes against the current model according to which meiosis is triggered by endogenous ATRA in the developing ovary. It therefore revives the search for the meiosis-inducing substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Diana Condrea
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Chloé Mayere
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - William Magnant
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Violaine Alunni
- GenomEast platform, France Génomique consortium, IGBMC, 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
| | - Sirine Souali-Crespo
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Serge Nef
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
- Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP-10142, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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Chen Q, Sato K, Yokoi H, Suzuki T. Developmental regulatory system of ocular‐side‐specific asymmetric pigmentation in flounder: Critical role of retinoic acid signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2020; 334:156-167. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai Japan
| | - Hayato Yokoi
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Laboratory of Marine Life Science and Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceTohoku UniversitySendai Japan
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25
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Riedl M, Witzmann C, Koch M, Lang S, Kerschbaum M, Baumann F, Krutsch W, Docheva D, Alt V, Pfeifer C. Attenuation of Hypertrophy in Human MSCs via Treatment with a Retinoic Acid Receptor Inverse Agonist. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041444. [PMID: 32093330 PMCID: PMC7073129 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro chondrogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a tendency to undergo hypertrophy, mirroring the fate of transient “chondrocytes” in the growth plate. As hypertrophy would result in ossification, this fact limits their use in cartilage tissue engineering applications. During limb development, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling exerts an important influence on cell fate of mesenchymal progenitors. While retinoids foster hypertrophy, suppression of RAR signaling seems to be required for chondrogenic differentiation. Therefore, we hypothesized that treatment of chondrogenically differentiating hMSCs with the RAR inverse agonist, BMS204,493 (further named BMS), would attenuate hypertrophy. We induced hypertrophy in chondrogenic precultured MSC pellets by the addition of bone morphogenetic protein 4. Direct activation of the RAR pathway by application of the physiological RAR agonist retinoic acid (RA) further enhanced the hypertrophic phenotype. However, BMS treatment reduced hypertrophic conversion in hMSCs, shown by decreased cell size, number of hypertrophic cells, and collagen type X deposition in histological analyses. BMS effects were dependent on the time point of application and strongest after early treatment during chondrogenic precultivation. The possibility of modifing hypertrophic cartilage via attenuation of RAR signaling by BMS could be helpful in producing stable engineered tissue for cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Riedl
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Christina Witzmann
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Matthias Koch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Siegmund Lang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Maximilian Kerschbaum
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Florian Baumann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Werner Krutsch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
| | - Christian Pfeifer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.R.); (M.K.); (S.L.); (M.K.); (F.B.); (W.K.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (C.W.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Deepak V, Sahu MB, Yu J, Jones JW, Kane MA, Taylor RN, Badell ML, Sidell N, Rajakumar A. Retinoic Acid Is a Negative Regulator of sFLT1 Expression in Decidual Stromal Cells, and Its Levels Are Reduced in Preeclamptic Decidua. Hypertension 2019; 73:1104-1111. [PMID: 30879360 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
sFLT1 (soluble VEGF [vascular endothelial growth factor] receptor-1) levels are increased in preeclampsia-a pathological condition of pregnancy. The mechanism of sFLT1 overexpression by gestational tissues, particularly the decidua, remains unknown. Mass spectrometry measurement of the active retinoid metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), showed significantly lower levels of RA in preeclamptic versus normotensive decidua. In this study, we investigated the involvement of RA in regulating decidual sFLT1 expression. When decidual stromal cells (DSCs) isolated from the decidua basalis of normotensive and preeclampsia placentas were treated with BMS493-a pan-RAR (RA nuclear receptor) antagonist-upregulation of sFLT1 expression was observed. Conversely, treatment with RA resulted in downregulation of sFLT1 in normotensive DSCs and preeclampsia DSCs. Unlike treatment with cAMP, which induces decidualization while downregulating sFLT1, RA treatment did not alter DSC expression of prolactin-a marker of decidualization-or FOXO1 (forkhead box protein 01)-a transcription factor required for prolactin upregulation. TFAP2A (transcription factor AP-2-alpha [activating enhancer-binding protein 2 alpha]), a different transcription factor was upregulated in normotensive DSCs but not in preeclampsia DSCs after RA treatment. Collectively, our data show that RA suppresses sFLT1 expression in DSCs independently of cellular decidualization. These findings suggest that reduced decidual RA levels may contribute to preeclampsia pathogenesis by allowing sFLT1 accumulation at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataraman Deepak
- From the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.D., M.B.S., M.L.B., N.S., A.R.)
| | - Margaret B Sahu
- From the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.D., M.B.S., M.L.B., N.S., A.R.)
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore (J.Y., J.W.J., M.A.K.)
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore (J.Y., J.W.J., M.A.K.)
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore (J.Y., J.W.J., M.A.K.)
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (R.N.T.)
| | - Martina L Badell
- From the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.D., M.B.S., M.L.B., N.S., A.R.)
| | - Neil Sidell
- From the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.D., M.B.S., M.L.B., N.S., A.R.)
| | - Augustine Rajakumar
- From the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (V.D., M.B.S., M.L.B., N.S., A.R.)
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le Maire A, Teyssier C, Balaguer P, Bourguet W, Germain P. Regulation of RXR-RAR Heterodimers by RXR- and RAR-Specific Ligands and Their Combinations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111392. [PMID: 31694317 PMCID: PMC6912802 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The three subtypes (α, β, and γ) of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate retinoic acid signaling by forming heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Heterodimers are functional units that bind ligands (retinoids), transcriptional co-regulators and DNA, to regulate gene networks controlling cell growth, differentiation, and death. Using biochemical, crystallographic, and cellular approaches, we have set out to explore the spectrum of possibilities to regulate RXR-RAR heterodimer-dependent transcription through various pharmacological classes of RAR- and RXR- specific ligands, alone or in combination. We reveal the molecular details by which these compounds direct specificity and functionality of RXR-RAR heterodimers. Among these ligands, we have reevaluated and improved the molecular and structural definition of compounds CD2665, Ro41-5253, LE135, or LG100754, highlighting novel functional features of these molecules. Our analysis reveals a model of RXR-RAR heterodimer action in which each subunit retains its intrinsic properties in terms of ligand and co-regulator binding. However, their interplay upon the combined action of RAR- and RXR-ligands allows for the fine tuning of heterodimer activity. It also stresses the importance of accurate ligand characterization to use synthetic selective retinoids appropriately and avoid data misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albane le Maire
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, ICM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.l.M.); (C.T.); (W.B.)
| | - Catherine Teyssier
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, ICM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.l.M.); (C.T.); (W.B.)
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, ICM, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - William Bourguet
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, ICM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.l.M.); (C.T.); (W.B.)
| | - Pierre Germain
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, ICM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (A.l.M.); (C.T.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-6741-7910
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Cordeiro TN, Sibille N, Germain P, Barthe P, Boulahtouf A, Allemand F, Bailly R, Vivat V, Ebel C, Barducci A, Bourguet W, le Maire A, Bernadó P. Interplay of Protein Disorder in Retinoic Acid Receptor Heterodimer and Its Corepressor Regulates Gene Expression. Structure 2019; 27:1270-1285.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Parrotta EI, Scalise S, Taverna D, De Angelis MT, Sarro G, Gaspari M, Santamaria G, Cuda G. Comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5440-5453. [PMID: 31237115 PMCID: PMC6653499 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the concepts of somatic cell reprogramming and human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generation have undergone several analyses to validate the usefulness of these cells in research and clinic, it remains still controversial whether the hiPSCs are equivalent to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), pointing to the need of further characterization for a more comprehensive understanding of pluripotency. Most of the experimental evidence comes from the transcriptome analysis, while a little is available on protein data, and even less is known about the post‐translational modifications. Here, we report a combined strategy of mass spectrometry and gene expression profiling for proteogenomic analysis of reprogrammed and embryonic stem cells. The data obtained through this integrated, multi‐“omics” approach indicate that a small, but still significant, number of distinct pathways is enriched in reprogrammed versus embryonic stem cells, supporting the view that pluripotency is an extremely complex, multifaceted phenomenon, with peculiarities that are characteristic of each cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Immacolata Parrotta
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Scalise
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Taverna
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa De Angelis
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Sarro
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Center for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Telias M, Denlinger B, Helft Z, Thornton C, Beckwith-Cohen B, Kramer RH. Retinoic Acid Induces Hyperactivity, and Blocking Its Receptor Unmasks Light Responses and Augments Vision in Retinal Degeneration. Neuron 2019; 102:574-586.e5. [PMID: 30876849 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Light responses are initiated in photoreceptors, processed by interneurons, and synaptically transmitted to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which send information to the brain. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a blinding disease caused by photoreceptor degeneration, depriving downstream neurons of light-sensitive input. Photoreceptor degeneration also triggers hyperactive firing of RGCs, obscuring light responses initiated by surviving photoreceptors. Here we show that retinoic acid (RA), signaling through its receptor (RAR), is the trigger for hyperactivity. A genetically encoded reporter shows elevated RAR signaling in degenerated retinas from murine RP models. Enhancing RAR signaling in healthy retinas mimics the pathophysiology of degenerating retinas. Drug inhibition of RAR reduces hyperactivity in degenerating retinas and unmasks light responses in RGCs. Gene therapy inhibition of RAR increases innate and learned light-elicited behaviors in vision-impaired mice. Identification of RAR as the trigger for hyperactivity presents a degeneration-dependent therapeutic target for enhancing low vision in RP and other blinding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Telias
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bristol Denlinger
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zachary Helft
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Casey Thornton
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Billie Beckwith-Cohen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H Kramer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Vision Science Graduate Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Teletin M, Vernet N, Yu J, Klopfenstein M, Jones JW, Féret B, Kane MA, Ghyselinck NB, Mark M. Two functionally redundant sources of retinoic acid secure spermatogonia differentiation in the seminiferous epithelium. Development 2019; 146:dev.170225. [PMID: 30487180 PMCID: PMC6340151 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is instrumental to spermatogenesis. It is synthesized by two retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH) present in both Sertoli cells (SCs) and germ cells (GCs). In order to determine the relative contributions of each source of ATRA, we have generated mice lacking all RALDH activities in the seminiferous epithelium (SE). We show that both the SC- and GC-derived sources of ATRA cooperate to initiate and propagate spermatogenetic waves at puberty. In adults, they exert redundant functions and, against all expectations, the GC-derived source does not perform any specific roles despite contributing to two-thirds of the total amount of ATRA present in the testis. The production from SCs is sufficient to maintain the periodic expression of genes in SCs, as well and the cycle and wave of the SE, which account for the steady production of spermatozoa. The production from SCs is also specifically required for spermiation. Importantly, our study shows that spermatogonia differentiation depends upon the ATRA synthesized by RALDH inside the SE, whereas initiation of meiosis and expression of STRA8 by spermatocytes can occur without ATRA. Summary: All-trans retinoic acid made by Sertoli cells is instrumental to spermatogenesis and is specifically required for spermatid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Teletin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.,Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
| | - Nadège Vernet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Muriel Klopfenstein
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Betty Féret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Norbert B Ghyselinck
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Mark
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Département de Génétique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR7104), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1258), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), 1 rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch Cedex, France .,Service de Biologie de la Reproduction, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), France
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Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are promiscuous partners of heterodimeric associations with other members of the Nuclear Receptor (NR) superfamily. RXR ligands ("rexinoids") either transcriptionally activate the "permissive" subclass of heterodimers or synergize with partner ligands in the "nonpermissive" subclass of heterodimers. The rationale for rexinoid design with a wide structural diversity going from the structures of existing complexes with RXR determined by X-Ray, to natural products and other ligands discovered by high-throughput screening (HTS), mere serendipity, and rationally designed based on Molecular Modeling, will be described. Included is the new generation of ligands that modulate the structure of specific receptor surfaces that serve to communicate with other regulators. The panel of the known RXR agonists, partial (ant)agonists, and/or heterodimer-selective rexinoids require the exploration of their therapeutic potential in order to overcome some of the current limitations of rexinoids in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IBIV, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José A Souto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IBIV, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IBIV, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
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RARα supports the development of Langerhans cells and langerin-expressing conventional dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3896. [PMID: 30254197 PMCID: PMC6156335 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) are the prototype langerin-expressing dendritic cells (DC) that reside specifically in the epidermis, but langerin-expressing conventional DCs also reside in the dermis and other tissues, yet the factors that regulate their development are unclear. Because retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) is highly expressed by LCs, we investigate the functions of RARα and retinoic acid (RA) in regulating the langerin-expressing DCs. Here we show that the development of LCs from embryonic and bone marrow-derived progenitors and langerin+ conventional DCs is profoundly regulated by the RARα-RA axis. During LC differentiation, RARα is required for the expression of a LC-promoting transcription factor Runx3, but suppresses that of LC-inhibiting C/EBPβ. RARα promotes the development of LCs and langerin+ conventional DCs only in hypo-RA conditions, a function effectively suppressed at systemic RA levels. Our findings identify positive and negative regulatory mechanisms to tightly regulate the development of the specialized DC populations. Langerhans cells (LC) and langerin-expressing conventional dendritic cells are made from distinct progenitors and enriched in the distinct microenvironments of the skin. Here the authors show that these immune cells are regulated by retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) via simultaneous induction of LC-promoting Runx3 and repression of LC-inhibiting C/EBPβ.
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Retinoic acid signaling balances adult distal lung epithelial progenitor cell growth and differentiation. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:461-474. [PMID: 30236449 PMCID: PMC6197151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite compelling data describing pro-regenerative effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in pre-clinical models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), clinical trials using retinoids for emphysema patients have failed. Crucial information about the specific role of RA signaling in adult rodent and human lung epithelial progenitor cells is largely missing. Methods Adult lung organoid cultures were generated from isolated primary mouse and human lung epithelial cells, and incubated with pharmacological pathway modulators and recombinant proteins. Organoid number and size were measured, and differentiation was assessed with quantitative immunofluorescence and gene expression analyses. Findings We unexpectedly found that ATRA decreased lung organoid size, whereas RA pathway inhibition increased mouse and human lung organoid size. RA pathway inhibition stimulated mouse lung epithelial proliferation via YAP pathway activation and epithelial-mesenchymal FGF signaling, while concomitantly suppressing alveolar and airway differentiation. HDAC inhibition rescued differentiation in growth-augmented lung organoids. Interpretation In contrast to prevailing notions, our study suggests that regenerative pharmacology using transient RA pathway inhibition followed by HDAC inhibition might hold promise to promote lung epithelial regeneration in diseased adult lung tissue. Fund This project is funded by the Lung Foundation Netherlands (Longfonds) grant 6.1.14.009 (RG, MK, JS, PSH) and W2/W3 Professorship Award by the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (MK).
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36
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Metzler MA, Raja S, Elliott KH, Friedl RM, Tran NQH, Brugmann SA, Larsen M, Sandell LL. RDH10-mediated retinol metabolism and RARα-mediated retinoic acid signaling are required for submandibular salivary gland initiation. Development 2018; 145:dev.164822. [PMID: 29986869 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the epithelial tissues of major salivary glands generate saliva and drain it into the oral cavity. For submandibular salivary glands (SMGs), the epithelial tissues arise during embryogenesis from naïve oral ectoderm adjacent to the base of the tongue, which begins to thicken, express SOX9 and invaginate into underlying mesenchyme. The developmental mechanisms initiating salivary gland development remain unexplored. In this study, we show that retinoic acid (RA) signaling activity at the site of gland initiation is colocalized with expression of retinol metabolic genes Rdh10 and Aldh1a2 in the underlying SMG mesenchyme. Utilizing a novel ex vivo assay for SMG initiation developed for this study, we show that RDH10 and RA are required for salivary gland initiation. Moreover, we show that the requirement for RA in gland initiation involves canonical signaling through retinoic acid receptors (RAR). Finally, we show that RA signaling essential for gland initiation is transduced specifically through RARα, with no contribution from other RAR isoforms. This is the first study to identify a molecular signal regulating mammalian salivary gland initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Metzler
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Swetha Raja
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kelsey H Elliott
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Regina M Friedl
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - N Q H Tran
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Samantha A Brugmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Elgamal RM, Bell GI, Krause SCT, Hess DA. BMS 493 Modulates Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiation During Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells for Islet Regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1062-1075. [PMID: 29737242 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies are emerging as a novel treatment strategy for diabetes. Thus, the induction of endogenous islet regeneration in situ represents a feasible goal for diabetes therapy. Umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), isolated by high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDHhi), have previously been shown to reduce hyperglycemia after intrapancreatic (iPan) transplantation into streptozotocin (STZ)-treated nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. However, these cells are rare and require ex vivo expansion to reach clinically applicable numbers for human therapy. Therefore, we investigated whether BMS 493, an inverse retinoic acid receptor agonist, could prevent retinoic acid-induced differentiation and preserve islet regenerative functions during expansion. After 6-day expansion, BMS 493-treated cells showed a twofold increase in the number of ALDHhi cells available for transplantation compared with untreated controls. Newly expanded ALDHhi cells showed increased numbers of CD34 and CD133-positive cells, as well as a reduction in CD38 expression, a marker of hematopoietic cell differentiation. BMS 493-treated cells showed similar hematopoietic colony-forming capacity compared with untreated cells, with ALDHhi subpopulations producing more colonies than low aldehyde dehydrogenase activity subpopulations for expanded cells. To determine if the secreted proteins of these cells could augment the survival and/or proliferation of β-cells in vitro, conditioned media (CM) from cells expanded with or without BMS 493 was added to human islet cultures. The total number of proliferating β-cells was increased after 3- or 7-day culture with CM generated from BMS 493-treated cells. In contrast to freshly isolated ALDHhi cells, 6-day expansion with or without BMS 493 generated progeny that were unable to reduce hyperglycemia after iPan transplantation into STZ-treated NOD/SCID mice. Further strategies to reduce retinoic acid differentiation during HPC expansion is required to expand ALDHhi cells without the loss of islet regenerative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Elgamal
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Gillian I Bell
- 2 Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Sarah C T Krause
- 2 Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - David A Hess
- 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .,2 Krembil Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
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38
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Russell RP, Fu Y, Liu Y, Maye P. Inverse agonism of retinoic acid receptors directs epiblast cells into the paraxial mesoderm lineage. Stem Cell Res 2018; 30:85-95. [PMID: 29807258 PMCID: PMC6083448 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the differentiation of paraxial mesoderm from mouse embryonic stem cells utilizing a Tbx6-EYFP/Brachyury (T)-Cherry dual reporter system. Differentiation from the mouse ESC state directly into mesoderm via Wnt pathway activation was low, but augmented by treatment with AGN193109, a pan-retinoic acid receptor inverse agonist. After five days of differentiation, T+ cells increased from 12.2% to 18.8%, Tbx6+ cells increased from 5.8% to 12.7%, and T+/Tbx6+ cells increased from 2.4% to 14.1%. The synergism of AGN193109 with Wnt3a/CHIR99021 was further substantiated by the increased expression of paraxial mesoderm gene markers Tbx6, Msgn1, Meox1, and Hoxb1. Separate to inverse agonist treatment, when mouse ESCs were indirectly differentiated into mesoderm via a transient epiblast step the efficiency of paraxial mesoderm formation markedly increased. Tbx6+ cells represented 65-75% of the total cell population after just 3 days of differentiation and the expression of paraxial mesoderm marker genes Tbx6 and Msgn increased over 100-fold and 300-fold, respectively. Further evaluation of AGN193109 treatment on the indirect differentiation protocol suggested that RARs have two distinct roles. First, AGN193109 treatment at the epiblast step and mesoderm step promoted paraxial mesoderm formation over other mesoderm and endoderm lineage types. Second, continued treatment during mesoderm formation revealed its ability to repress the maturation of presomitic mesoderm into somitic paraxial mesoderm. Thus, the continuous treatment of AGN193109 during epiblast and mesoderm differentiation steps yielded a culture where ~90% of the cells were Tbx6+. The surprisingly early effect of inverse agonist treatment at the epiblast step of differentiation led us to further examine the effect of AGN193109 treatment during an extended epiblast differentiation protocol. Interestingly, while inverse agonist treatment had no impact on the conversion of ESCs into epiblast cells based on the expression of Rex1, Fgf5, and pluripotency marker genes Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2, after three days of differentiation in the presence of AGN193109 caudal epiblast and early paraxial mesoderm marker genes, T, Cyp26a1, Fgf8, Tbx6 and Msgn were all highly up-regulated. Collectively, our studies reveal an earlier than appreciated role for RARs in epiblast cells and the modulation of their function via inverse agonist treatment can promote their differentiation into the paraxial mesoderm lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Russell
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, United States
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, United States
| | - Peter Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, United States.
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Yin L, Agustinus AS, Yuvienco C, Minashima T, Schnabel NL, Kirsch T, Montclare JK. Engineered Coiled-Coil Protein for Delivery of Inverse Agonist for Osteoarthritis. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1614-1624. [PMID: 29601728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) results from degenerative and abnormal function of joints, with localized biochemistry playing a critical role in its onset and progression. As high levels of all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in synovial fluid have been identified as a contributive factor to OA, the synthesis of de novo antagonists for retinoic acid receptors (RARs) has been exploited to interrupt the mechanism of ATRA action. BMS493, a pan-RAR inverse agonist, has been reported as an effective inhibitor of ATRA signaling pathway; however, it is unstable and rapidly degrades under physiological conditions. We employed an engineered cartilage oligomeric matrix protein coiled-coil (CccS) protein for the encapsulation, protection, and delivery of BMS493. In this study, we determine the binding affinity of CccS to BMS493 and the stimulator, ATRA, via competitive binding assay, in which ATRA exhibits approximately 5-fold superior association with CccS than BMS493. Interrogation of the structure of CccS indicates that ATRA causes about 10% loss in helicity, while BMS493 did not impact the structure. Furthermore, CccS self-assembles into nanofibers when bound to BMS493 or ATRA as expected, displaying 11-15 nm in diameter. Treatment of human articular chondrocytes in vitro reveals that CccS·BMS493 demonstrates a marked improvement in efficacy in reducing the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), one of the main proteases responsible for the degradation of the extracellular cartilage matrix compared to BMS493 alone in the presence of ATRA, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), or IL-1 β together with ATRA. These results support the feasibility of utilizing coiled-coil proteins as drug delivery vehicles for compounds of relatively limited bioavailability for the potential treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , NYU Tandon School of Engineering , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Albert S Agustinus
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , NYU Tandon School of Engineering , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | - Carlo Yuvienco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , NYU Tandon School of Engineering , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | | | - Nicole L Schnabel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , NYU Tandon School of Engineering , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States
| | | | - Jin K Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , NYU Tandon School of Engineering , Brooklyn , New York 11201 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , New York University , New York , New York 10003 , United States.,Department of Biomaterials , NYU College of Dentistry , New York , New York 10010 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry , SUNY Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , New York 11203 , United States
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40
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Miro Estruch I, de Haan LHJ, Melchers D, Houtman R, Louisse J, Groten JP, Rietjens IMCM. The effects of all-trans retinoic acid on estrogen receptor signaling in the estrogen-sensitive MCF/BUS subline. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2018; 38:112-121. [PMID: 29447503 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2018.1436559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and retinoic acid receptors (RARs) play important and opposite roles in breast cancer growth. While exposure to ERα agonists such as 17β-estradiol (E2) is related to proliferation, RAR agonists such as all-trans retinoic acid (AtRA) induce anti-proliferative effects. Although crosstalk between these pathways has been proposed, the molecular mechanisms underlying this interplay are still not completely unraveled. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of AtRA on ERα-mediated signaling in the ERα positive cell lines MCF7/BUS and U2OS-ERα-Luc to investigate some of the possible underlying modes of action. To do so, this study assessed the effects of AtRA on different ERα-related events such as ERα-mediated cell proliferation and gene expression, ERα-coregulator binding and ERα subcellular localization. AtRA-mediated antagonism of E2-induced signaling was observed in the proliferation and gene expression studies. However, AtRA showed no remarkable effects on the E2-driven coregulator binding and subcellular distribution of ERα. Interestingly, in the absence of E2, ERα-mediated gene expression, ERα-coregulator binding and ERα subcellular mobilization were increased upon exposure to micromolar concentrations of AtRA found to inhibit cell proliferation after long-term exposure. Nevertheless, experiments using purified ERα showed that direct binding of AtRA to ERα does not occur. Altogether, our results using MCF7/BUS and U2OS-ERα-Luc cells suggest that AtRA, without being a direct ligand of ERα, can indirectly interfere on basal ERα-coregulator binding and basal ERα subcellular localization in addition to the previously described crosstalk mechanisms such as competition of ERs and RARs for DNA binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura H J de Haan
- a Division of Toxicology , Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Diana Melchers
- b PamGene International B.V , Hertogenbosch , The Netherlands
| | - René Houtman
- b PamGene International B.V , Hertogenbosch , The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- a Division of Toxicology , Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - John P Groten
- a Division of Toxicology , Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands.,b PamGene International B.V , Hertogenbosch , The Netherlands
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41
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Abashev TM, Metzler MA, Wright DM, Sandell LL. Retinoic acid signaling regulates Krt5 and Krt14 independently of stem cell markers in submandibular salivary gland epithelium. Dev Dyn 2018; 246:135-147. [PMID: 27884045 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, has been demonstrated to be important for growth and branching morphogenesis of mammalian embryonic salivary gland epithelium. However, it is not known whether RA functions directly within epithelial cells or in associated tissues that influence morphogenesis of salivary epithelium. Moreover, downstream targets of RA regulation have not been identified. RESULTS Here, we show that canonical RA signaling occurs in multiple tissues of embryonic mouse salivary glands, including epithelium, associated parasympathetic ganglion neurons, and nonneuronal mesenchyme. By culturing epithelium explants in isolation from other tissues, we demonstrate that RA influences epithelium morphogenesis by direct action in that tissue. Moreover, we demonstrate that inhibition of RA signaling represses cell proliferation and expression of FGF10 signaling targets, and upregulates expression of basal epithelial keratins Krt5 and Krt14. Importantly, we show that the stem cell gene Kit is regulated inversely from Krt5/Krt14 by RA signaling. CONCLUSIONS RA regulates Krt5 and Krt14 expression independently of stem cell character in developing salivary epithelium. RA, or chemical inhibitors of RA signaling, could potentially be used for modulating growth and differentiation of epithelial stem cells for the purpose of re-populating damaged glands or generating bioengineered organs. Developmental Dynamics 246:135-147, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur M Abashev
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Melissa A Metzler
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Diana M Wright
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lisa L Sandell
- University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, Louisville, Kentucky
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42
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De Lellis L, Cimini A, Veschi S, Benedetti E, Amoroso R, Cama A, Ammazzalorso A. The Anticancer Potential of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:209-219. [PMID: 29276815 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The effects on cancer-cell proliferation and differentiation mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been widely studied, and pleiotropic outcomes in different cancer models and under different experimental conditions have been obtained. Interestingly, few studies report and little preclinical evidence supports the potential antitumor activity of PPAR antagonists. This review focuses on recent findings on the antitumor in vitro and in vivo effects observed for compounds able to inhibit the three PPAR subtypes in different tumor models, providing a rationale for the use of PPAR antagonists in the treatment of tumors expressing the corresponding receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi (Aq), Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, 1900 N. 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.,Unit of General Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Todd L, Suarez L, Quinn C, Fischer AJ. Retinoic Acid-Signaling Regulates the Proliferative and Neurogenic Capacity of Müller Glia-Derived Progenitor Cells in the Avian Retina. Stem Cells 2017; 36:392-405. [PMID: 29193451 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the retina, Müller glia have the potential to become progenitor cells with the ability to proliferate and regenerate neurons. However, the ability of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) to proliferate and produce neurons is limited in higher vertebrates. Using the chick model system, we investigate how retinoic acid (RA)-signaling influences the proliferation and the formation of MGPCs. We observed an upregulation of cellular RA binding proteins (CRABP) in the Müller glia of damaged retinas where the formation of MGPCs is known to occur. Activation of RA-signaling was stimulated, whereas inhibition suppressed the proliferation of MGPCs in damaged retinas and in fibroblast growth factor 2-treated undamaged retinas. Furthermore, inhibition of RA-degradation stimulated the proliferation of MGPCs. Levels of Pax6, Klf4, and cFos were upregulated in MGPCs by RA agonists and downregulated in MGPCs by RA antagonists. Activation of RA-signaling following MGPC proliferation increased the percentage of progeny that differentiated as neurons. Similarly, the combination of RA and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) significantly increased neurogenesis from retinal progenitors in the circumferential marginal zone (CMZ). In summary, RA-signaling stimulates the formation of proliferating MGPCs and enhances the neurogenic potential of MGPCs and stem cells in the CMZ. Stem Cells 2018;36:392-405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi Todd
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lilianna Suarez
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Colin Quinn
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andy J Fischer
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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44
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Retinoid X receptor suppresses a metastasis-promoting transcriptional program in myeloid cells via a ligand-insensitive mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10725-10730. [PMID: 28923935 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700785114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor (RXR) regulates several key functions in myeloid cells, including inflammatory responses, phagocytosis, chemokine secretion, and proangiogenic activity. Its importance, however, in tumor-associated myeloid cells is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that deletion of RXR in myeloid cells enhances lung metastasis formation while not affecting primary tumor growth. We show that RXR deficiency leads to transcriptomic changes in the lung myeloid compartment characterized by increased expression of prometastatic genes, including important determinants of premetastatic niche formation. Accordingly, RXR-deficient myeloid cells are more efficient in promoting cancer cell migration and invasion. Our results suggest that the repressive activity of RXR on prometastatic genes is mediated primarily through direct DNA binding of the receptor along with nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR) and silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) corepressors and is largely unresponsive to ligand activation. In addition, we found that expression and transcriptional activity of RXRα is down-modulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with lung cancer, particularly in advanced and metastatic disease. Overall, our results identify RXR as a regulator in the myeloid cell-assisted metastatic process and establish lipid-sensing nuclear receptors in the microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression.
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45
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Miro Estruch I, Melchers D, Houtman R, de Haan LHJ, Groten JP, Louisse J, Rietjens IMCM. Characterization of the differential coregulator binding signatures of the Retinoic Acid Receptor subtypes upon (ant)agonist action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:1195-1206. [PMID: 28642153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha (RARα/NR1B1), Retinoic Acid Receptor beta (RARβ/NR1B2) and Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma (RARγ/NR1B3) are transcription factors regulating gene expression in response to retinoids. Within the RAR genomic pathways, binding of RARs to coregulators is a key intermediate regulatory phase. However, ligand-dependent interactions between the wide variety of coregulators that may be present in a cell and the different RAR subtypes are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to characterize the coregulator binding profiles of RARs in the presence of the pan-agonist all-trans-Retinoic Acid (AtRA); the subtype-selective agonists Am80 (RARα), CD2314 (RARβ) and BMS961 (RARγ); and the antagonist Ro415253. To this end, we used a microarray assay for coregulator-nuclear receptor interactions to assess RAR binding to 154 motifs belonging to >60 coregulators. The results revealed a high number of ligand-dependent RAR-coregulator interactions among all RAR variants, including many binding events not yet described in literature. Next, this work confirmed a greater ligand-independent activity of RARβ compared to the other RAR subtypes based on both higher basal and lower ligand-driven coregulator binding. Further, several coregulator motifs showed selective binding to a specific RAR subtype. Next, this work showed that subtype-selective agonists can be successfully discriminated by using coregulator binding assays. Finally this study demonstrated the possible applications of a coregulator binding assay as a tool to discriminate between agonistic/antagonistic actions of ligands. The RAR-coregulator interactions found will be of use to direct further studies to better understand the mechanisms driving the eventual actions of retinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Miro Estruch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Diana Melchers
- PamGene International B.V., Wolvenhoek 10, 5211 HH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - René Houtman
- PamGene International B.V., Wolvenhoek 10, 5211 HH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H J de Haan
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John P Groten
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands; PamGene International B.V., Wolvenhoek 10, 5211 HH 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem Louisse
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Ohashi M, Miyachi H. Design and Synthesis of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) Gamma Antagonists Based on the Principle of Operation of Nuclear Receptor I. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:957-967. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Ohashi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
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47
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Andrei SA, Sijbesma E, Hann M, Davis J, O’Mahony G, Perry MWD, Karawajczyk A, Eickhoff J, Brunsveld L, Doveston RG, Milroy LG, Ottmann C. Stabilization of protein-protein interactions in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:925-940. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1346608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hann
- Platform Technology and Science, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jeremy Davis
- Department of Chemistry, UCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- CVMD Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Karawajczyk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Assay development & screening, Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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48
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El Haddad M, Notarnicola C, Evano B, El Khatib N, Blaquière M, Bonnieu A, Tajbakhsh S, Hugon G, Vernus B, Mercier J, Carnac G. Retinoic acid maintains human skeletal muscle progenitor cells in an immature state. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1923-1936. [PMID: 28025671 PMCID: PMC11107588 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells are resistant to cytotoxic agents, and they express several genes that confer resistance to stress, thus allowing efficient dystrophic muscle regeneration after transplantation. However, once they are activated, this capacity to resist to aggressive agents is diminished resulting in massive death of transplanted cells. Although cell immaturity represents a survival advantage, the signalling pathways involved in the control of the immature state remain to be explored. Here, we show that incubation of human myoblasts with retinoic acid impairs skeletal muscle differentiation through activation of the retinoic-acid receptor family of nuclear receptor. Conversely, pharmacologic or genetic inactivation of endogenous retinoic-acid receptors improved myoblast differentiation. Retinoic acid inhibits the expression of early and late muscle differentiation markers and enhances the expression of myogenic specification genes, such as PAX7 and PAX3. These results suggest that the retinoic-acid-signalling pathway might maintain myoblasts in an undifferentiated/immature stage. To determine the relevance of these observations, we characterised the retinoic-acid-signalling pathways in freshly isolated satellite cells in mice and in siMYOD immature human myoblasts. Our analysis reveals that the immature state of muscle progenitors is correlated with high expression of several genes of the retinoic-acid-signalling pathway both in mice and in human. Taken together, our data provide evidences for an important role of the retinoic-acid-signalling pathway in the regulation of the immature state of muscle progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina El Haddad
- Inserm U1046-UMR CNRS 9214 «Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP», CHU A. De Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 avenue du doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Notarnicola
- Inserm U1046-UMR CNRS 9214 «Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP», CHU A. De Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 avenue du doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Brendan Evano
- Stem Cells and Development, CNRS URA 2578, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Pasteur Institute, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Nour El Khatib
- Inserm U1046-UMR CNRS 9214 «Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP», CHU A. De Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 avenue du doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marine Blaquière
- Inserm U1046-UMR CNRS 9214 «Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP», CHU A. De Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 avenue du doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Anne Bonnieu
- INRA, UMR866, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Stem Cells and Development, CNRS URA 2578, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Pasteur Institute, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Gérald Hugon
- Inserm U1046-UMR CNRS 9214 «Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP», CHU A. De Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 avenue du doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Barbara Vernus
- INRA, UMR866, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- Inserm U1046-UMR CNRS 9214 «Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP», CHU A. De Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 avenue du doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Département de Physiologie Clinique, CHRU de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Gilles Carnac
- Inserm U1046-UMR CNRS 9214 «Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du cœur et des muscles-PHYMEDEXP», CHU A. De Villeneuve, Université de Montpellier, Bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 371 avenue du doyen Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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49
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Narayanasamy S, Sun J, Pavlovicz RE, Eroglu A, Rush CE, Sunkel BD, Li C, Harrison EH, Curley RW. Synthesis of apo-13- and apo-15-lycopenoids, cleavage products of lycopene that are retinoic acid antagonists. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1021-1029. [PMID: 28250025 PMCID: PMC5408601 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d073148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of the tomato carotenoid, lycopene, has been associated with favorable health benefits. Some of lycopene's biological activity may be due to metabolites resulting from cleavage of the lycopene molecule. Because of their structural similarity to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonist, β-apo-13-carotenone, the "first half" putative oxidative cleavage products of the symmetrical lycopene have been synthesized. All transformations proceed in moderate to good yield and some with high stereochemical integrity allowing ready access to these otherwise difficult to obtain terpenoids. In particular, the methods described allow ready access to the trans isomers of citral (geranial) and pseudoionone, important flavor and fragrance compounds that are not readily available isomerically pure and are building blocks for many of the longer apolycopenoids. In addition, all of the apo-11, apo-13, and apo-15 lycopenals/lycopenones/lycopenoic acids have been prepared. These compounds have been evaluated for their effect on RAR-induced genes in cultured hepatoma cells and, much like β-apo-13-carotenone, the comparable apo-13-lycopenone and the apo-15-lycopenal behave as RAR antagonists. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies demonstrate that the apo-13-lycopenone efficiently docked into the ligand binding site of RARα. Finally, isothermal titration calorimetry studies reveal that apo-13-lycopenone acts as an antagonist of RAR by inhibiting coactivator recruitment to the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureshbabu Narayanasamy
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Ryan E Pavlovicz
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Cassandra E Rush
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Benjamin D Sunkel
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Earl H Harrison
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Robert W Curley
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Haffez H, Chisholm DR, Valentine R, Pohl E, Redfern C, Whiting A. The molecular basis of the interactions between synthetic retinoic acid analogues and the retinoic acid receptors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:578-592. [PMID: 30108774 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00680a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and its synthetic analogues EC23 and EC19 direct cellular differentiation by interacting as ligands for the retinoic acid receptor (RARα, β and γ) family of nuclear receptor proteins. To date, a number of crystal structures of natural and synthetic ligands complexed to their target proteins have been solved, providing molecular level snap-shots of ligand binding. However, a deeper understanding of receptor and ligand flexibility and conformational freedom is required to develop stable and effective ATRA analogues for clinical use. Therefore, we have used molecular modelling techniques to define RAR interactions with ATRA and two synthetic analogues, EC19 and EC23, and compared their predicted biochemical activities to experimental measurements of relative ligand affinity and recruitment of coactivator proteins. A comprehensive molecular docking approach that explored the conformational space of the ligands indicated that ATRA is able to bind the three RAR proteins in a number of conformations with one extended structure being favoured. In contrast the biologically-distinct isomer, 9-cis-retinoic acid (; 9CRA), showed significantly less conformational flexibility in the RAR binding pockets. These findings were used to inform docking studies of the synthetic retinoids EC23 and EC19, and their respective methyl esters. EC23 was found to be an excellent mimic for ATRA, and occupied similar binding modes to ATRA in all three target RAR proteins. In comparison, EC19 exhibited an alternative binding mode which reduces the strength of key polar interactions in RARα/γ but is well-suited to the larger RARβ binding pocket. In contrast, docking of the corresponding esters revealed the loss of key polar interactions which may explain the much reduced biological activity. Our computational results were complemented using an in vitro binding assay based on FRET measurements, which showed that EC23 was a strongly binding, pan-agonist of the RARs, while EC19 exhibited specificity for RARβ, as predicted by the docking studies. These findings can account for the distinct behaviour of EC23 and EC19 in cellular differentiation assays, and additionally, the methods described herein can be further applied to the understanding of the molecular basis for the selectivity of different retinoids to RARα, β and γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Haffez
- Department of Chemistry Durham University , South Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK . .,Department of Biosciences & Biophysical Sciences , Institute Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , UK.,Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Medical School , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4HH , UK.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pharmacy College , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - David R Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry Durham University , South Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK .
| | - Roy Valentine
- High Force Research Ltd. , Bowburn North Industrial Estate , Bowburn , Durham , DH6 5PF , UK
| | - Ehmke Pohl
- Department of Biosciences & Biophysical Sciences , Institute Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , UK
| | - Christopher Redfern
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research , Medical School , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , NE2 4HH , UK
| | - Andrew Whiting
- Department of Chemistry Durham University , South Road , Durham , DH1 3LE , UK .
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