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Jia YG, Yan Z, Shang L, Chen J. Environmental risk of ion-absorbed rare earth ores: concentration of leaching agent and fractionation of Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6425-6436. [PMID: 38151558 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth (RE) is an important strategic resource; however, there has been a growing concern about the environmental problems caused by RE mining, such as ammonia nitrogen pollution and heavy metal pollution. There is a limited research about the behavior of leaching agents and the fractionation of RE and heavy metal during the mining process for ion adsorption of rare earth ore (IRE-ore) in the previously available papers. In this study, (NH4)2SO4 solution, which commonly used in the production of mining IRE-ore, was used as a leaching agent. The adsorption behavior of ore soils on ammonium ions was explored by batch experiments. The adsorption process of IRE-ore on ammonium ions followed a pseudo-second-order equation and was controlled by the kinetics of surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion; the ammonium ion adsorption isotherm conformed to the Freundlich isotherm equilibrium equation, and the higher concentration advantage made the ore soils possess a higher adsorption capacity of ammonium ion. In addition, the fractionation characteristics of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and lead (Pb) in the ore soil during the leaching process were simulated based on the batch and column leaching experiments. The results demonstrated that the exchangeable states of La and Ce in IRE-ore were high, and the exchangeable, carbonate-bound La and Ce were almost all leached out by (NH4)2SO4 leaching agent, while the most of exchangeable Pb flowed out along with leaching agent, and a small amount of leached Pb in the ore soil was converted to iron and manganese oxide-bound Pb and enriched in the direction of migration of the leaching solution, and when the environment (e.g., pH and Eh) changed, this part of Pb may be re-activated. Our research might serve as crucial baseline knowledge for the adsorption of ammonium ions by ore soils, and provide a data reference for reducing the use of leaching agents and developing sustainable technologies for green mining of ion-adsorption RE ores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gang Jia
- China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenli Yan
- China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liannan Shang
- China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Center of Xi'an Mineral Resources Survey, CGS, Xi'an, 710100, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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Nam SH, Kwon JH, Kim YD. Comparison of Optimal Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Unknown Hazardous Chemicals in Rivers Using Sensor Monitoring Data. TOXICS 2023; 11:314. [PMID: 37112541 PMCID: PMC10143387 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water environment pollution due to chemical spills occurs constantly worldwide. When a chemical accident occurs, a quick initial response is most important. In previous studies, samples collected from chemical accident sites were subjected to laboratory-based precise analysis or predictive research through modeling. These results can be used to formulate appropriate responses in the event of chemical accidents; however, there are limitations to this process. For the initial response, it is important to quickly acquire information on chemicals leaked from the site. In this study, pH and electrical conductivity (EC), which are easy to measure in the field, were applied. In addition, 13 chemical substances were selected, and pH and EC data for each were established according to concentration change. The obtained data were applied to machine learning algorithms, including decision trees, random forests, gradient boosting, and XGBoost (XGB), to determine the chemical substances present. Through performance evaluation, the boosting method was found to be sufficient, and XGB was the most suitable algorithm for chemical substance detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Han Nam
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (S.H.N.)
| | - Jae Hyun Kwon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nakdong River Basin Environmental Research Center, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (S.H.N.)
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Filipoiu DC, Bungau SG, Endres L, Negru PA, Bungau AF, Pasca B, Radu AF, Tarce AG, Bogdan MA, Behl T, Nechifor AC, Hassan SSU, Tit DM. Characterization of the Toxicological Impact of Heavy Metals on Human Health in Conjunction with Modern Analytical Methods. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120716. [PMID: 36548549 PMCID: PMC9785207 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased environmental pollution, urbanization, and a wide variety of anthropogenic activities have led to the release of toxic pollutants into the environment, including heavy metals (HMs). It has been found that increasing concentrations of HMs lead to toxicity, mineral imbalances, and serious diseases, which are occurring more and more frequently. Therefore, testing has become imperative to detect these deficiencies in a timely manner. The detection of traces of HMs, especially toxic ones, in human tissues, various biological fluids, or hair is a complex, high-precision analysis that enables early diagnosis, addressing people under constant stress or exposed to a toxic environment; the test also targets people who have died in suspicious circumstances. Tissue mineral analysis (TMA) determines the concentration of toxic minerals/metals at the intracellular level and can therefore determine correlations between measured concentrations and imbalances in the body. Framing the already-published information on the topic, this review aimed to explore the toxicity of HMs to human health, the harmful effects of their accumulation, the advantages vs. the disadvantages of choosing different biological fluids/tissues/organs necessary for the quantitative measurement of HM in the human body, as well as the choice of the optimal method, correlated with the purpose of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Claudia Filipoiu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.G.B.); (L.E.)
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (S.G.B.); (L.E.)
| | - Paul Andrei Negru
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Bianca Pasca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Alexandra Georgiana Tarce
- Medicine Program of Study, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mihaela Alexandra Bogdan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences & Technology (SoHST), University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Bidholi 248007, India
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
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Kunhikrishnan A, Rahman MA, Lamb D, Bolan NS, Saggar S, Surapaneni A, Chen C. Rare earth elements (REE) for the removal and recovery of phosphorus: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131661. [PMID: 34426135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is little doubt that 'rock phosphate' reserves are decreasing, with phosphorus (P) peak to be reached in the coming decades. Hence, removal and recovery of phosphorus (P) from alternative nutrient-rich waste streams is critical and of great importance owing to its essential role in agricultural productivity. Adsorption technique is efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable for P recovery from waste streams which otherwise can cause eutrophication in receiving waters. As selective P sorption using rare earth elements (REE) are gaining considerable attention, this review extensively focuses on P recovery by utilising a range of REE-incorporated adsorbents. The review briefly provides existing knowledge of P in various waste streams, and examines the chemistry and behaviour of REE in soil and water in detail. The impact of interfering ions on P removal using REE, adsorbent regeneration for reuse, and life cycle assessment of REE are further explored. While it is clear that REE-sorbents have excellent potential to recover P from wastewaters and to be used as fertilisers, there are gaps to be addressed. Future studies should target recovery and reuse of REE as P fertilisers using real wastewaters. More field trials of synthesized REE-sorbents are highly recommended before practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Kunhikrishnan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Md Aminur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE), Zonal Laboratory, Khulna, 9100, Bangladesh
| | - Dane Lamb
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Global Innovation Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Chemical and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Surinder Saggar
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, Victoria, 3199, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, RMIT University, Bundoora West, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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Pu Q, Fan XT, Li H, An XL, Lassen SB, Su JQ. Cadmium enhances conjugative plasmid transfer to a fresh water microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115903. [PMID: 33120155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by heavy metals might facilitate the spread of ARGs in the environments. Cadmium contamination is ubiquitous, while, it remains unknown the extent to which cadmium (Cd2+) impact plasmid-mediated transfer of ARGs in aquatic bacterial communities. In the present study, we found that Cd2+ amendment at sub-inhibitory concentration significantly increased conjugation frequency of RP4 plasmid from Pseudomonas putida KT2442 to a fresh water microbial community by liquid mating method. Cd2+ treatment (1-100 mg/L) significantly increased the cell membrane permeability and antioxidant activities of conjugation mixtures. Amendments of 10 and 100 mg/L Cd2+ significantly enhanced the mRNA expression levels of mating pair formation gene (trbBp) and the DNA transfer and replication gene (trfAp) due to the repression of regulatory genes (korA, korB and trbA). Phylogenetic analysis of transconjugants indicated that Proteobacteria was the dominant recipients and high concentration of Cd2+ treatment resulted in expanded recipient taxa. This study suggested that sub-inhibitory Cd2+ contamination would facilitate plasmid conjugation and contributed to the maintenance and spread of plasmid associated ARGs, and highlighted the urgent need for effective remediation of Cd2+ in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Pu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Fan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xin-Li An
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Simon Bo Lassen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center of Education and Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Su
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Zhou Q, Yang N, Li Y, Ren B, Ding X, Bian H, Yao X. Total concentrations and sources of heavy metal pollution in global river and lake water bodies from 1972 to 2017. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Statistical Analysis of Nutrient Loads from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) to the Gulf of Mexico. ENVIRONMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/environments7010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the annual and seasonal variations in nutrient loads (NO2− + NO3− and orthophosphate) delivered to the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) and examined the water quality variations. The results indicate that (1) annually, the mean NO2− + NO3− and orthophosphate loads showed a steady increase during 1996–1999, a persistent level during 2000–2007, and a moderate increase during 2008–2016; (2) seasonally, NO2− + NO3− and orthophosphate in MARB in spring and summer were higher than those in autumn and winter. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified highly significant differences among seasonal loads; and (3) the median value of NO2− + NO3− in normal weather conditions were higher than that during and right after the hurricanes, while the median value of orthophosphate loads in normal weather conditions was higher than that during the hurricanes, but higher than that right after hurricanes. The two-sample t-test indicates a significant difference (p < 0.046) in orthophosphate loads before and after Hurricane Katrina. Moreover, it is found that there is a significant (p < 0.01) increase in nutrient loads during normal weather conditions. The results indicate that hurricane seasons can significantly influence the nutrient loads from the MARB to the Gulf of Mexico.
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Dong J, Xia X, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li H. Variations in concentrations and bioavailability of heavy metals in rivers caused by water conservancy projects: Insights from water regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the Yellow River. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 74:79-87. [PMID: 30340677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water regulation of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir of the Yellow River was chosen as a case to investigate variations in concentrations and bioavailability of heavy metals caused by water conservancy projects in rivers. Water and suspended sediment (SPS) samples were collected at downstream sampling sites along the river during this period. Concentrations and speciation of Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Pb in water and SPS samples were analyzed, and their bioaccumulation was studied with Daphnia magna. This study indicated that the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions of heavy metals in SPS decreased along the studied stretch, and the dissolved heavy metal concentrations increased along the river with 1.6-15 folds. This is because sediment resuspension increased along the river during water regulation, giving rise to the increase of heavy metal release from SPS. The dissolved Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb concentrations were significantly positively correlated with SPS concentrations, and their increase along the river was greater than Cr. The body burdens of heavy metals in D. magna exposed into samples collected from the reservoir outlet were 1.3-3.0 times lower than those from downstream stations, suggesting that the heavy metal bioavailability increased during water regulation. This should be considered in the reservoir operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center for Eco-Environmental Research, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zhining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Center for Physical & Chemical Analysis, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Husheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Khan AM, Bakar NKA, Bakar AFA, Ashraf MA. Chemical speciation and bioavailability of rare earth elements (REEs) in the ecosystem: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22764-22789. [PMID: 27722986 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rare earths (RE), chemically uniform group of elements due to similar physicochemical behavior, are termed as lanthanides. Natural occurrence depends on the geological circumstances and has been of long interest for geologist as tools for further scientific research into the region of ores, rocks, and oceanic water. The review paper mainly focuses to provide scientific literature about rare earth elements (REEs) with potential environmental and health effects in understanding the research. This is the initial review of RE speciation and bioavailability with current initiative toward development needs and research perceptive. In this paper, we have also discussed mineralogy, extraction, geochemistry, analytical methods of rare earth elements. In this study, REEs with their transformation and vertical distribution in different environments such as fresh and seawater, sediments, soil, weathering, transport, and solubility have been reported with most recent literature along key methods of findings. Speciation and bioavailability have been discussed in detail with special emphasis on soil, plant, and aquatic ecosystems and their impacts on the environment. This review shows that REE gained more importance in last few years due to their detrimental effects on living organisms, so their speciation, bioavailability, and composition are much more important to evaluate their health risks and are discussed thoroughly as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Masood Khan
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Kartini Abu Bakar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Farid Abu Bakar
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zhang Z, Wang JJ, Ali A, DeLaune RD. Heavy metal distribution and water quality characterization of water bodies in Louisiana's Lake Pontchartrain Basin, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:628. [PMID: 27766564 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variation in physico-chemical properties, anions, and the heavy metal (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentration was evaluated in water from nine different rivers in Lake Pontchartrain Basin, Louisiana, USA. The water quality parameters were compared with toxicity reference values (TRV), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking/aquatic life protection, and WHO standards. Among physico-chemical properties, pH, DO, and turbidity were high during spring, while, EC, temperature, and DOC were high during summer and vice versa. The anion study revealed that the concentrations of F-, Cl-, and NO3- were higher during summer and Br- and SO4- were higher during spring. Our research findings showed anion concentration decreased in the order of Cl- > SO4- > NO3- > Br- > F-, in accordance with the global mean anion concentration. The dissolved heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb) except Zn were higher during spring than summer. None of the rivers showed any Cd pollution for both seasons. Co showed higher concentrations in Amite River, Mississippi River, Industrial Canal, and Lacombe Bayou during summer. The Cr concentration was higher than WHO drinking water standards, implicating water unsuitability for drinking purposes in all the rivers associated with the Lake Pontchartrain Basin. Cu showed no pollution risk for the study area. Mn and Co were similar to concentration in Lacombe Bayou, Liberty Bayou, Blind River, and Industrial Canal. Mn levels were greater than WHO standards for the Tickfaw River, Tangipahoa River, and Blind River in both seasons. Blind River, Tangipahoa River, Tickfaw River, and Amite River will require more monitoring for determining possible Mn pollution. Ni content in river water during both seasons showed low pollution risk. Liberty Bayou and Industrial Canal concentrations were closer to the WHO regulatory standards, indicating possible risk of Pb pollution in these water bodies. The Zn content was near the USEPA aquatic life standards in summer for all water bodies. None of the rivers showed any risk associated with Cd, Co, Cu, and Ni levels but medium to higher risk to aquatic life from Cr and Zn for both seasons for most of the rivers. Metal fractionation revealed the decreasing order of inert > labile > organic. The high inert fraction in the rivers under study reflects the major contribution of natural sources in Lake Pontchartrain Basin. The labile and organic forms of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn pose potential higher risk to the aquatic life in the Lake Pontchartrain Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jim J Wang
- School of Plant, Environmental, and Soil Sciences, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road 3#, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ronald D DeLaune
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, School of Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-7511, USA
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Tonietto AE, Lombardi AT, Choueri RB, Vieira AAH. Chemical behavior of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in a eutrophic reservoir: speciation and complexation capacity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15920-15930. [PMID: 26050150 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed at evaluating cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) speciation in water samples as well as determining water quality parameters (alkalinity, chlorophyll a, chloride, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, inorganic carbon, nitrate, pH, total suspended solids, and water temperature) in a eutrophic reservoir. This was performed through calculation of free metal ions using the chemical equilibrium software MINEQL+ 4.61, determination of labile, dissolved, and total metal concentrations via differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, and determination of complexed metal by the difference between the total concentration of dissolved and labile metal. Additionally, ligand complexation capacities (CC), such as the strength of the association of metals-ligands (logK'ML) and ligand concentrations (C L) were calculated via Ruzic's linearization method. Water samples were taken in winter and summer, and the results showed that for total and dissolved metals, Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd concentration. In general, higher concentrations of Cu and Zn remained complexed with the dissolved fraction, while Pb was mostly complexed with particulate materials. Chemical equilibrium modeling (MINEQL+) showed that Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) dominated the labile species, while Cu and Pb were complexed with carbonates. Zinc was a unique metal for which a direct relation between dissolved species with labile and complexed forms was obtained. The CC for ligands indicated a higher C L for Cu, followed by Pb, Zn, and Cd in decreasing amounts. Nevertheless, the strength of the association of all metals and their respective ligands was similar. Factor analysis with principal component analysis as the extraction procedure confirmed seasonal effects on water quality parameters and metal speciation. Total, dissolved, and complexed Cu and total, dissolved, complexed, and labile Pb species were all higher in winter, whereas in summer, Zn was mostly present in the complexed form. A high degree of deterioration of the reservoir was confirmed by the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Emanuele Tonietto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luis km 235, PO Box 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luis km 235, PO Box 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Teresa Lombardi
- Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luis km 235, PO Box 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Department of Sea Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Baixada Santista Campus, Almirante Saldanha da Gama Avenue, 89, Ponta da Praia, CEP 11030-400, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology, Santa Cecília University, Oswaldo Cruz Street, 277, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armando Augusto Henriques Vieira
- Department of Botany, Federal University of São Carlos, Via Washington Luis km 235, PO Box 676, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hariri E, Abboud MI, Demirdjian S, Korfali S, Mroueh M, Taleb RI. Carcinogenic and neurotoxic risks of acrylamide and heavy metals from potato and corn chips consumed by the Lebanese population. J Food Compost Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Microrespirometric characterization of activated sludge inhibition by copper and zinc. Biodegradation 2014; 25:867-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-014-9706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Augustynowicz J, Tokarz K, Baran A, Płachno BJ. Phytoremediation of water polluted by thallium, cadmium, zinc, and lead with the use of macrophyte Callitriche cophocarpa. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 66:572-81. [PMID: 24477868 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to study the phytoremediation capacity of Callitriche cophocarpa concerning water contaminated with thallium (Tl), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) derived from the natural environment. We found that after a 10-day incubation period, shoots of C. cophocarpa effectively biofiltrated the water so that it met (for Cd, Zn, and Pb) appropriate quality standards. The order of accumulation of the investigated elements by shoots (mg kg(-1) dry weight) were as follows: Zn (1120) < Tl (251) < Cd (71) < Pb (35). The order of bioconcentration factors were as follows: Cd (1177) < Tl (1043) < Zn (718) < Pb (597). According to Microtox bioassay, C. cophocarpa significantly eradicated polluted water toxicity. During the experiment, the physiological status of plants was monitored by taking measurements of photosystem II activity (maximum efficiency of PSII, photochemical fluorescence quenching, nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching, and quantum efficiency of PSII), photosynthetic pigment contents, and shoot morphology. Plants exposed to metallic pollution did not exhibit significant changes in their physiological status compared with the control. This work is potentially applicable to the future use of C. cophocarpa in the phytoremediation of polluted, natural watercourses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Augustynowicz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland,
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Lyu K, Zhu X, Chen R, Chen Y, Yang Z. Molecular cloning of manganese superoxide dismutase gene in the cladoceran Daphnia magna: effects of microcystin, nitrite, and cadmium on gene expression profiles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 148:55-64. [PMID: 24463312 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that represent one important line of defense against oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species in aerobic organisms. Generally, waterborne pollutants caused by irregular anthropogenic activities often result in oxidative damage in aquatic organisms. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize the manganese superoxide dismutase gene (Dm-MnSOD) in the waterflea, Daphnia magna, and evaluate the mRNA expression patterns quantified by real-time PCR after exposure to three common waterborne pollutants (microcystin-LR, nitrite, and cadmium). The results showed that the full-length Dm-MnSOD sequence consists of 954 bp nucleotides, encoding 215 amino acids, showing well-conserved domains that are required for metal binding and several common characteristics, such as two MnSOD domains. The deduced amino acid sequence of Dm-MnSOD shared over 70% similarity with homologues from Bythograea thermydron, Dromia personata, Cancer pagurus, and Scylla paramamosain. Dm-MnSOD gene expression was up-regulated in response to exposure to the three chemicals tested. The overall results indicated that Dm-MnSOD gene is an inducible gene and potential biomarker indicating these pollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Lee JK, Kim TO, Jung YJ. Analysis of Domestic Water Pollution Accident and Response Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.17663/jwr.2013.15.4.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Vystavna Y, Le Coustumer P, Huneau F. Monitoring of trace metals and pharmaceuticals as anthropogenic and socio-economic indicators of urban and industrial impact on surface waters. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2013; 185:3581-3601. [PMID: 22945803 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The research focuses on the monitoring of trace metals and pharmaceuticals as potential anthropogenic indicators of industrial and urban influences on surface water. This study includes analysis of tracers use for the indication of water pollution events and discussion of the detection method of these chemicals. The following criteria were proposed for the evaluation of indicators: specificity (physical chemical properties), variability (spatial and temporal), and practicality (capacity of the sampling and analytical techniques). The combination of grab and passive water sampling (i.e., diffusive gradient in the thin film and polar organic chemical integrated samplers) procedure was applied for the determination of dissolved and labile trace metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diazepam, paracetamol, caffeine, diclofenac, and ketoprofen). Samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MS; trace metals) and liquid chromatography-tandem MS electrospray ionization+/- (pharmaceuticals). Our results demonstrate the distinctive spatial and temporal patterns of trace elements distribution along an urban watercourse. Accordingly, two general groups of trace metals have been discriminated: "stable" (Cd and Cr) and "time varying" (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb). The relationship Cd >> Cu > Ag > Cr ≥ Zn was proposed as an anthropogenic signature of the industrial and urban activities pressuring the environment from point sources (municipal wastewaters) and the group Pb-Ni was discussed as a relevant fingerprint of the economic activity (industry and transport) mainly from non-point sources (runoff, atmospheric depositions, etc.). Pharmaceuticals with contrasting hydro-chemical properties of molecules (water solubility, bioaccumulation, persistence during wastewater treatment processes) were discriminated on conservative, labile, and with combined properties in order to provide information on wastewater treatment plant efficiency, punctual events (e.g., accidents on sewage works, runoff), and uncontrolled discharges. Applying mass balance modeling, medicaments were described as relevant socio-economic indicators, which can give a picture of main social aspects of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vystavna
- Université de Bordeaux, EA 4592 Géoressources & Environnement, ENSEGID, 1 Allée F. Daguin, 33607, Pessac, France,
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18
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Yılmaz S, Sadikoglu M. Study of heavy metal pollution in seawater of Kepez harbor of Canakkale (Turkey). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 173:899-904. [PMID: 20300831 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the heavy metals cadmium and lead in Kepez harbor were studied with regard to the determination of the environmental pollution levels. Seawater samples of the Dardanelles (Canakkale Strait) were collected from the nearest station to Kepez harbor in July 2007. Then, the concentrations of these metals were determined after simple pretreatment of samples by the proposed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method. The analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min by the ICP-AES method, and the concentrations of Cd and Pb were found to be 73.80 mg L(-1) (relative standard deviation [RSD], 1.07%) and 9.39 mg L(-1) (RSD, 0.70%), respectively. The accuracy of the applied ICP technique was checked by recovery studies, and good recoveries were obtained. The pollution levels of Cd and Pb recorded in this study were compared with those in other studies to analyze the water sample in Kepez harbor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selehattin Yılmaz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020, Canakkale, Turkey
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20
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Alonso E, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Villar P, Santos A. Sequential extraction of metals from mixed and digested sludge from aerobic WWTPs sited in the south of Spain. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 29:418-424. [PMID: 18321697 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 12/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The content of heavy metals is the major limitation to the application of sewage sludge in soil. However, assessment of the pollution by total metal determination does not reveal the true environmental impact. It is necessary to apply sequential extraction techniques to obtain suitable information about their bioavailability or toxicity. In this paper, sequential extraction of metals from sludge before and after aerobic digestion was applied to sludge from five WWTPs in southern Spain to obtain information about the influence of the digestion treatment in the concentration of the metals. The percentage of each metal as residual, oxidizable, reducible and exchangeable form was calculated. For this purpose, sludge samples were collected from two different points of the plants, namely, sludge from the mixture (primary and secondary sludge) tank (mixed sludge, MS) and the digested-dewatered sludge (final sludge, FS). Heavy metals, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn, were extracted following the sequential extraction scheme proposed by the Standards, Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Commission and determined by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The total concentration of heavy metals in the measured sludge samples did not exceed the limits set out by European legislation and were mainly associated with the two less-available fractions (27-28% as oxidizable metal and 44-50% as residual metal). However, metals as Co (64% in MS and 52% in FS samples), Mn (82% in MS and 79% in FS), Ni (32% in MS and 26% in FS) and Zn (79% in MS and 62% in FS) were present at important percentages as available forms. In addition, results showed a clear increase of the concentration of metals after sludge treatment in the proportion of two less-available fractions (oxidizable and residual metal).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Industrial Engineering School, University of Seville, c/Virgen de Africa 7, 41011, Sevilla, Spain.
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21
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Zorer OS, Ceylan H, Doğru M. Assessment of some trace heavy metals and radioactivity concentration in water of Bendimahi River Basin (Van, Turkey). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2008; 147:183-90. [PMID: 18085419 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-007-0109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The levels of heavy metals were determined in the water of Bendimahi River Basin, statistically analysed and compared to natural gross radioactivity concentration. Fifteen samples of water were collected from Bendimahi River and Van Lake for two seasons in 2005. Water samples were analyzed for eight trace elements and concluded together with gross-alpha and gross-beta radioactivity concentrations. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples collected from Bendimahi River basin. Correlation analysis was made for radioactivity and heavy metal concentrations and the Pearson correlation coefficients between gross-alpha and gross-beta radioactivity and heavy metal were determined. The concentrations of all metals were found to be higher than WHO, EC, EPA and TSE-266 guidelines for drinking water, except for Zn and Cu. Generally, the heavy metal concentrations in water samples obtained in May and in August were found to be in sequence of Fe>Zn>Pb>Cr>Cu>Mn>Co>Cd and Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Mn>Co>Cd, respectively. The gross-alpha and gross-beta activity concentration varies between 0.063 and 0.782, 0.021 and 0.816 Bq l(-1) in samples collected in May, and 0.009 and 0.037, 0.081 and 3.116 Bq l(-1) in samples collected in August.
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Sipos P, Németh T, Kis VK, Mohai I. Sorption of copper, zinc and lead on soil mineral phases. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:461-9. [PMID: 18674797 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil mineral phases play a significant role in controlling heavy metal mobility in soils. The effective study of their relation needs the integrated use of several analytical methods. In this study, analytical electron microscopy analyses were combined with sequential chemical extractions on soils spiked with Cu, Zn and Pb. Our aims were to study the metal sorption capacity of soil mineral phases and the effect of presence of iron oxide and carbonate on this property of soil minerals. Copper and Pb were found to be characterized by higher and stronger sorption on the studied samples than Zn. Only the former two metals showed significant differences in their immobilized metal amounts on the studied samples and soil mineral particles. Highest metal amounts were sorbed on the swelling clay mineral particles (smectites and vermiculites), but iron-oxide phases may also have similar lead sorption capacity. Alkaline conditions due to the carbonate content of soils resulted both in increased sorption on the mineral particles for Cu and in enhanced role of precipitation for all the studied metals. On the other hand, the intimate association of phyllosilicates and iron resulted in significant increase in metal sorption capacity of the given particle. The results of sequential extractions could be successfully completed by the analytical electron microscopy analyses for studying the sorption capacity of discrete mineral particles. Their integrated use helps us in better understanding the heavy metal-mineral interactions in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Sipos
- Institute for Geochemical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1112 Budapest, Budaörsi út 45, Hungary.
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23
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Luo M, Li J, Cao W, Wang M. Study of heavy metal speciation in branch sediments of Poyang Lake. J Environ Sci (China) 2008; 20:161-166. [PMID: 18574955 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)60025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study concentrates on the environmental pollution level of sediments in the six branches of Poyang Lake, the biggest fresh water lake in China. This is the first systematic report on the speciation analysis of heavy metals (Cu, Co, Cd, Pb, and Ni) in the six branches of the lake. A reported analytical procedure involving a five-step sequential extraction is used for the partition of particulating heavy metals. The sediment samples are analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Experimental results obtained from five replicate samples of fluvial bottom surface sediments at the sampling points demonstrated that the relative standard deviation of the sequential extraction procedure was generally better than 10% (Cd except). The average extracted contents of the five elements, analyzed after all five steps, are found to be (mg/kg) for Cu: 26.89, Co: 16.25, Cd: 1.08, Pb: 37.98, and Ni: 20.46. The content of the exchangeable species was generally lower. Except Cu, the percentage of the species bond to organic matter was lower than 20%. The fractions containing the most metal for Cu, Co, and Ni were the residues (52.26%, 45.28%, and 74.82%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbiao Luo
- Applied Chemistry Department, East China Institute of Technology, Jiangxi 344000, China.
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24
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Jordão CP, Ribeiro PRS, Matos AT, Bastos RKX, Fernandes RBA, Fontes RLF. Environmental assessment of water-courses of the Turvo Limpo River basin at the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 127:315-26. [PMID: 17058005 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed to evaluate the environmental contamination in the Turvo Limpo River basin which receives effluent discharges from domestic (residential and commercial) activities. The watercourses examined were the São Bartolomeu Stream, Turvo Sujo River, and Turvo Limpo River, located in the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Water samples were collected at the river-side and analyzed for evaluation of pollutant inputs. The pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, redox potential (Eh), dissolved oxygen (DO), total and settleable solids, visual color, hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chloride, total phosphate, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, total coliforms and E. coli, as well as the Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn speciation were determined in the watercourses. The data obtained were compared with those of the Brazilian Environmental Standards and with data from non-contaminated areas. River water characteristics in some sites were far from the limit values established for superficial waters with satisfactory quality. For instance, the BOD values reached 411 mg L(-1) for a maximum limit of 10.0 mg L(-1), while the ammonia nitrogen concentration reached 28 mg L(-1) for a maximum limit of 13.3 mg L(-1). Some sites showed E. coli values above those of non-contaminated regions. Besides the effects of sewage discharges into the water-courses, agriculture activities and the use of the area for cattle husbandry influenced the quality of the river waters, for instance, the pH of a spring-water sample reached the value of 4.3. The São Bartolomeu Stream has been contributing to the deterioration of the water quality of the Turvo Sujo River, while the Turvo Limpo River has also been affected by anthropogenic discharges in the Turvo Sujo River. The speciation of Cd, Cu and Pb showed that these metals were mainly found in the particulate fraction (i. e., associated with the suspended material). Fifty five percent of the water samples showed labile Zn concentrations greater than that of the nonlabile Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Jordão
- Departamento de Solos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Yayintas OT, Yilmaz S, Turkoglu M, Dilgin Y. Determination of heavy metal pollution with environmental physicochemical parameters in waste water of Kocabas Stream (Biga, Canakkale, Turkey) by ICP-AES. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 127:389-97. [PMID: 16897498 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Waste water pollution of industrial areas can answer for the serious consequences of one of the most important environmental threats to the future. In this study, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES) is proposed to determine heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Al, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn) and major elements (Ca, Mg) in waste water of Kocabas Stream. The concentration of metals in the waste water samples taken from 9 different stations (St.) in Biga-Kocabas Stream in November 2004 (autumn period) were determined after simple pretreatment of samples by the proposed ICP-AES method. An analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. The results of heavy metals concentrations in waste water were found between 0.00001-77.69610 mg l(-1) by the ICP-AES technique. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, Al, Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Mg and Ca 0.00001 (St.3,6,7) - 0.0087 mg l(-1) (St.9), 0.00001 (St.4-7) - 0.0020 mg l(-1) (St.8), 0.00001 (St.1,3-7,9) - 0.0041 mg l(-1) (St.2), 0.0620 (St.2) - 0.2080 mg l(-1) (St.3), 0.0082 (St.6) - 0.2290 mg l(-1) (St.8), 0.3580 (St.2) - 1.7400 mg l(-1) (St.3), 0.2240 (St.1) - 0.6790 mg l(-1) (St.3), 0.0080 (St.1) - 1.5840 mg l(-1) (St.3), 0.0170 (St.3) - 0.0640 mg l(-1) (St.2), 0.0010 (St.1,4,5,8) - 0.0080 mg l(-1) (St.3), 5.0640 (St.9) - 5.2140 mg l(-1) (St.1) and 43.3600 (St.2) - 77.6961 mg l(-1) (St.9), respectively. Also we measured environmental physicochemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, specific conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), pH, oxidation and reduction potential (ORP), and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the waste water at sampling stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Tonguc Yayintas
- Biga Vocational College, Technical Programme, University of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart, 17200, Biga - Canakkale, Turkey
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Süren E, Yilmaz S, Türkoglu M, Kaya S. Concentrations of cadmium and lead heavy metals in Dardanelles seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2007; 125:91-8. [PMID: 16917693 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-006-9242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium and lead were determined simultaneously in seawater by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) preceded by adsoptive collection of complexes with 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) on to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). In preliminary experiments the optimal analytical condition for oxine concentration was found to be 2.10(-5) M, at pH 7.7, the accumulation potential was -1.1 V, and the initial scannig potential was -0.8 V. The peak potentials were found -0.652 V for Cd and -0.463 V for Pb At the 60 s accumalation time. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitatification (LOQ) were found to be by voltammetry as 0.588 and 1.959 microg l(-1) (RSD, 5.50%) for Cd and 0.931 and 3.104 microg l(-1) (RSD, 4.10%) for Pb at 60 s stirred accumulation time respectively. In these conditions the most of the seawater samples are amenable for direct voltammetric determination of cadmium and lead using a HMDE. An adsorptive stripping mechanism of the electrode reaction was proposed. For the comparison, seawater samples were also analysed by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry method (ICP-AES). The applied voltammetric technique was validated and good recoveries were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Süren
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts & Sciences, University of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart, Canakkale, Turkey
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27
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Jung HB, Yun ST, Kim SO, Jung MC, So CS, Koh YK. In-situ electrochemical measurements of total concentration and speciation of heavy metals in acid mine drainage (AMD): assessment of the use of anodic stripping voltammetry. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2006; 28:283-96. [PMID: 16767566 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-006-9044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the use of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) for in-situ determinations of both total concentration and speciation of dissolved heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in acid mine drainage (AMD). In the Kwangyang Au-Ag mine area of South Korea, different sites with varying water chemistry within an AMD were studied with a field portable anodic stripping voltammeter. Anodic stripping voltammetry after wet oxidation (acidification) was very sensitive enough to determine total concentration of dissolved Cd because Cd was dominantly present as 'labile' species, whilst the technique was not so effective for determining total Cu especially in the downstream sites from the retention pond, due to its complexation with organic matter. For dissolved Pb, the concentrations determined by ASV after wet oxidation generally agreed with those by ICP-AES. In the downstream samples (pH>5), however, ASV data after wet oxidation were lower than ICP-AES data because a significant fraction of dissolved Pb was present in those samples as 'inert' species associated with colloidal iron oxide particles. The determination of total dissolved Zn by ASV after wet oxidation appeared to be unsatisfactory for the samples with high Cu content, possibly due to the interference by the formation of Zn-Cu intermetallic compounds on the mercury coated electrode. In AMD samples with high dissolved iron, use of ultraviolet irradiation was not effective for determining total concentrations because humate destruction by UV irradiation possibly resulted in the removal of a part of dissolved heavy metals from waters through the precipitation of iron hydroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Bok Jung
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 136-701, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nicolau R, Galera-Cunha A, Lucas Y. Transfer of nutrients and labile metals from the continent to the sea by a small Mediterranean river. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 63:469-76. [PMID: 16213558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2004] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of small watersheds to coastal pollution in Mediterranean areas is still poorly known, and presents great variations along an hydrological year. This work deals with the characterization and quantification of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Si, NO(3)(-) and organic carbon transported from the continent to the sea by a small coastal river in the French Mediterranean area. Transported species were characterized both during rainy and dry periods. During non-rainy periods (base-flow), waters showed a low content of contaminants, whereas during heavy rain events, following dry periods, some metals and organic carbon reached concentrations that could affect biological populations. These contaminants were mainly found in the particulate fraction, originating from the runoff of surface waters, which represents the main process of pollution in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nicolau
- Laboratoire des PROcessus de Transferts et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement, Université du Sud Toulon Var, Avenue de l'Universite-Baitment, B.P. 20132, 83957 La Garde Cedex, France.
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Olías M, Cerón JC, Moral F, Ruiz F. Water quality of the Guadiamar River after the Aznalcóllar spill (SW Spain). CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 62:213-25. [PMID: 15996712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In April 1998, a spill of 6 hm3 of pyritic mud and acidic water was released into the Guadiamar River due to the rupture of the Aznalcóllar tailings dam. Before the spill, the river was already strongly affected by acid mine drainage (AMD). In this study, the water quality of the Guadiamar River is analysed from a periodic sampling started after the spill. Previous data of the water quality have also been obtained. A recovery of the water quality is observed from 2002 on. The distribution of arsenic is opposed to that of the rest of metals, with the lowest concentrations to the north, due to the adsorption and/or coprecipitation on ferric oxyhydroxides. In the southern area, when pH values are close to 8, arsenic desorption occurs. There is a seasonal pattern of the trace metal content evolution, different in the northern and southern zones of the river. In the northern area the highest polluting levels occur in summer, due to a lower dilution of the mining leachates. In the southern area, the highest metal levels occur during the winter, since during the summer metals remain held by surface sorption processes in the hyporheic zone of the river.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olías
- Departamento de Geodinámica y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Huelva, Campus 'El Carmen' s/n, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
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Alonso E, Villar P, Santos A, Aparicio I. Fractionation of heavy metals in sludge from anaerobic wastewater stabilization ponds in southern Spain. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 26:1270-6. [PMID: 16338132 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of heavy metals is a very important task to assess the potential environmental and health risk associated with the sludge coming from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, it is necessary to apply sequential extraction techniques to obtain suitable information about their bioavailability or toxicity. In this paper, a sequential extraction scheme according to the Standard, Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Commission was applied to sludge samples collected from ten anaerobic wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) located in southern Spain. Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn were determined in the sludge extracts by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. In relation to current international legislation for the use of sludge for agricultural purposes, none of the metal concentrations exceeded maximum permitted levels. Overall, heavy metals were mainly associated with the two less-available fractions (34% oxidizable metal and 55% residual metal). Only Mn and Zn showed the highest share of the available (exchangeable and reducible) fractions (25-48%).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Industrial Engineering School, University of Seville, c/Virgen de Africa, 7, 41011-Sevilla, Spain.
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Zhu Y, Hattori R, Rahmi D, Okuda S, Itoh A, Fujimori E, Umemura T, Haraguchi H. Fractional Distributions of Trace Metals in Surface Water of Lake Biwa as Studied by Ultrafiltration and ICP-MS. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.78.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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