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Endo T, Kimura O, Terasaki M, Fujii Y, Haraguchi K, Kato Y. Comparison of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotope ratios and mercury concentrations in muscle tissues of five beaked whale species and sperm whales stranded in Hokkaido, Japan. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2024; 60:251-271. [PMID: 38833381 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2024.2352373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We studied δ13C, δ15N and δ18O values, and total mercury (THg) concentrations in muscle samples from deep-sea predators - five beaked whale species and sperm whales - stranded along the coast of Hokkaido, in the north of Japan in 2010 and 2019. The δ13C, δ15N and δ18O values, THg concentrations, and body length (BL) of Stejneger's beaked whales were similar to those of Hubbs' beaked whales, which belong to the same genus. In contrast, δ13C values, THg concentrations, and BL of Sato's beaked whales were markedly different from those of Baird's beaked whales, which belong to the same genus. Stejneger's and Hubbs' beaked whales living around Hokkaido may compete in their ecological niches, whereas Sato's and Baird's beaked whales may segregate their ecological niches. Although Cuvier's beaked whales and sperm whales belong to different genera and their BLs were significantly different, their δ13C and δ15N values were similar, probably because they can dive and stay in deeper waters than other beaked whale species. The δ13C values in combined samples from all whales increased with increasing BL, probably owing to the larger whale species' dietary preference for squid. The δ13C values in combined samples from all whales were positively correlated with THg concentrations, whereas the δ15N values in the combined samples were negatively correlated. The δ18O values in combined samples from most whales tended to be positively correlated with THg concentrations. These correlations may be explained by a higher THg load from deep-sea feeding than from pelagic feeding and by a feeding shift towards lower trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaru Terasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa, Japan
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Polizzi P, Romero MB, Chiodi Boudet L, Dolagaratz Carricavur A, Gerpe M. What do small cetaceans tell us about trace elements pollution on the Argentinean coast? Franciscana dolphin as a biomonitor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167428. [PMID: 37793446 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) constitute the oldest emerging pollutants globally, most occur from natural sources, but a few are derived from anthropogenic sources. Marine mammals are considered bioindicators of ecosystem contamination. The aims of this review is compile reports on essential and nonessential TEs occurrence in small cetaceans from Argentinean waters; and to review the existing information on the concentration of TEs in the Franciscana dolphin, a biomonitor species of the Argentine coastal marine ecosystem. We searched reports where levels of TEs were present in small cetaceans from and eight species were analysed: Pontoporia blainvillei, Tursiops truncatus gephyreus, Kogia breviceps, Delphinus delphis, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, Lagenodelphis hasei, Cephaloryhchus commersonii and Ziphius cavirostris. Essential TEs like Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Se, As, Au, Ag, Sn, and nonessential TE as Pb, Cd, Hg, As was considered. The reports compiled in this article analysed kidney, liver, muscle and occasionally brain, skin, lung and spleen, covering a temporal range of 30 years, from 1982 to 2016. Of data analysis, we identify knowledge gaps, species of small cetaceans for which the concentration of trace metals is not yet known and areas on the Argentine coast where there are no reports that analyse them. The most recent information corresponds to the 2010 decade, and in those subsequent publications, the samples were taken at that time. This emphasizes the importance of reviewing this data, in order to compare old and new datasets, create contamination timelines and evaluate possible increases or decreases of contaminants in different study areas. The information recopilated will serve as valuable baselines to detect the future impact of increasing human, even natural, activities on marine ecosystems in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Polizzi
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - M B Romero
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - L Chiodi Boudet
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A Dolagaratz Carricavur
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - M Gerpe
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Funes 3250, CC1260, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Kim JJ, Delisle K, Brown TM, Ross PS, Noël M. Sediment Spatial Distribution and Quality Assessment of Metals in Chinook Salmon and Resident Killer Whale Marine Habitat in British Columbia, Canada. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00244-023-01013-1. [PMID: 37452195 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
At-risk resident killer whale (Orcinus orca) populations of the northeastern Pacific, Canada, and their main prey, Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), are exposed to a variety of contaminants including chemical elements from both natural and anthropogenic sources, which may be constraining their recovery. Concentrations of 36 chemical elements in subtidal surface sediments (1-435 m depth) collected from 98 sites along the British Columbia coast were used to characterize coast-wide patterns, and a subset of metals (mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb)) were selected to assess Chinook Salmon and resident killer whale marine habitat quality. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a dominance of Hg, antimony (Sb), Pb, Cu, and zinc (Zn) for Prince Rupert Harbour, Victoria Harbour, and Burrard Inlet, suggesting local sources. Based on the PCA, geochemical properties such as total organic carbon (TOC), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), and pH explained the spatial distribution of all elements in sediment (p < 0.001). Mercury, Cd, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb hotspots were identified along the coast of Vancouver Island, the central and north coast, in the Strait of Georgia, and Haida Gwaii. Bischof Island of Haida Gwaii and Ardmillan Bay on the central coast were most contaminated and enriched by Cd, determined by geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF), respectively. Marine habitat quality was assessed by comparing metal concentrations to Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). Chinook Salmon populations may be indirectly affected by metal toxicity (As > Cd and Cu > Ni > Hg > Pb) to lower trophic level prey species. Toxicity related impacts to benthic organisms as a result of exposure to elevated Cd and As concentrations in Northern Resident Killer Whale critical habitat and to Hg, Cd, As, Ni, Cu, and Pb concentrations in Southern Resident Killer Whale critical habitat may indirectly pose a threat to resident killer whale populations, highlighting a need for management actions to reduce risks associated with these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kim
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Kelsey Delisle
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tanya M Brown
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter S Ross
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Sidney, BC, Canada
| | - Marie Noël
- Ocean Wise Conservation Association, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Endo T, Kimura O, Terasaki M, Nakagun S, Kato Y, Fujii Y, Haraguchi K, Baker CS. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotope ratios of striped dolphins and short-finned pilot whales stranded in Hokkaido, northern Japan, compared with those of other cetaceans stranded and hunted in Japan. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2023; 59:230-247. [PMID: 37549039 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2023.2234590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Strandings of striped dolphins (SD) and short-finned pilot whales (PW) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, are rare but have recently increased, probably due to global warming. We quantified δ13C, δ15N, and δ18O in muscles of SD (n = 7) and PW (n = 3) stranded in Hokkaido and compared these values with those in muscles (red meat products) of hunted SD and PW in three areas of central and southern Japan. δ18O in stranded SD, except for the calf, decreased with increasing body length (BL), whereas δ13C increased, with no BL-related changes in δ15N. The variability of δ18O (range of maximum and minimum) was larger in the stranded SD (7.5 ‰) than of the hunted SD in three areas (0.9, 1.9, and 1.4 ‰), whereas that of δ15N was smaller in the stranded SD than in the hunted SD. Similarly, the variability of δ18O was larger in the stranded PW in Hokkaido (3.3 ‰) than in the hunted PW in central Japan (1.4 ‰). The larger variability of δ18O and smaller variability of δ15N in stranded SD imply long-term sojourning in coastal waters and feeding on small amounts of limited prey species at low trophic levels before death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Masaru Terasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Shotaro Nakagun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daiichi University of Pharmacy, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - C Scott Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Delgado-Suarez I, Lozano-Bilbao E, Hardisson A, Paz S, Gutiérrez ÁJ. Metal and trace element concentrations in cetaceans worldwide: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115010. [PMID: 37167666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This bibliographical review is a compilation of different scientific publications that reported data on metal concentrations in the muscle tissue of different species of cetaceans from seas and oceans around the world. Forty-nine scientific articles were selected, published over a fifteen-year period (2006-2021) with data on heavy metals and trace elements. The different groups of cetaceans considered in this study generally presented low concentrations of Cd and Pb. The same cannot be said of Hg. The highest concentrations of Hg were found in the groups of false killer whales. Similarly, the use of these groups of cetaceans as bioindicators of metal contamination shows that the Mediterranean Sea is one of the most metallically contaminated areas in the world. This may be due to the closed nature of the Mediterranean Sea and to the fact that it is also a highly populated and industrialized area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Delgado-Suarez
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Enrique Lozano-Bilbao
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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Andvik C, Haug T, Lyche JL, Borgå K. Emerging and legacy contaminants in common minke whale from the Barents sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121001. [PMID: 36610650 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including brominated flame retardants (BFRs), perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and metals, can accumulate in marine mammals and be transferred to offspring. In this study, we analyzed 64 lipophilic POPs, including four emerging BFRs, in the blubber, liver and muscle of 17 adult common minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) from the Barents Sea to investigate occurrence and tissue partitioning. In addition, the placental transfer concentration ratios of 14 PFAS and 17 metals were quantified in the muscle of nine female-fetus pairs to investigate placental transfer. Legacy lipophilic POPs were the dominating compound group in every tissue, and we observed generally lower levels compared to previous studies from 1992 to 2001. We detected the emerging BFRs hexabromobenzene (HBB) and pentabromotoluene (PBT), but in low levels compared to the legacy POPs. We detected nine PFAS, and levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were higher than detected from the same population in 2011, whilst levels of Hg were comparable to 2011. Levels of lipophilic contaminants were higher in blubber compared to muscle and liver on both a wet weight and lipid adjusted basis, but tissue partitioning of the emerging BFRs could not be determined due to the high number of samples below the limit of detection. The highest muscle ΣPFAS levels were quantified in fetuses (23 ± 8.7 ng/g ww), followed by adult males (7.2 ± 2.0 ng/gg ww) and adult females (4.5 ± 1.1 ng/g ww), showing substantial placental transfer from mother to fetus. In contrast, Hg levels in the fetus were lower than the mother. Levels were under thresholds for risk of health effects in the whales. This study is the first to report occurrence and placental transfer of emerging contaminants in common minke whales from the Barents Sea, contributing valuable new data on pollutant levels in Arctic wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Andvik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Haug
- Institute of Marine Research, Fram Centre, PO Box 6606, Stakkevollan, NO-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway.
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Simond AÉ, Noël M, Loseto L, Houde M, Kirk J, Elliott A, Brown TM. A Multi-Matrix Metabolomic Approach in Ringed Seals and Beluga Whales to Evaluate Contaminant and Climate-Related Stressors. Metabolites 2022; 12:813. [PMID: 36144217 PMCID: PMC9502077 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a high trophic-level species, ringed seals (Pusa hispida) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are particularly vulnerable to elevated concentrations of biomagnifying contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and mercury (Hg). These species also face climate-change-related impacts which are leading to alterations in their diet and associated contaminant exposure. The metabolomic profile of marine mammal tissues and how it changes to environmental stressors is poorly understood. This study characterizes the profiles of 235 metabolites across plasma, liver, and inner and outer blubber in adult ringed seals and beluga whales and assesses how these profiles change as a consequence of contaminants and dietary changes. In both species, inner and outer blubber were characterized by a greater proportion of lipid classes, whereas the dominant metabolites in liver and plasma were amino acids, carbohydrates, biogenic amines and lysophosphatidylcholines. Several metabolite profiles in ringed seal plasma correlated with δ13C, while metabolite profiles in blubber were affected by hexabromobenzene in ringed seals and PBDEs and Hg in belugas. This study provides insight into inter-matrix similarities and differences across tissues and suggests that plasma and liver are more suitable for studying changes in diet, whereas liver and blubber are more suitable for studying the impacts of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine É. Simond
- Pacific Science Enterprise Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - Marie Noël
- Ocean Wise, 101-440 Cambie Street, Vancouver, BC V6B 2N5, Canada
| | - Lisa Loseto
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Centre St-Laurent, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 105 McGill Street, Montreal, QC H2Y 2E7, Canada
| | - Jane Kirk
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Ashley Elliott
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - Tanya M. Brown
- Pacific Science Enterprise Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 4160 Marine Drive, West Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada
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Lischka A, Betty EL, Braid HE, Pook CJ, Gaw S, Bolstad KSR. Trace element concentrations, including Cd and Hg, in long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas edwardii) mass stranded on the New Zealand coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112084. [PMID: 33582419 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Hemisphere long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas edwardii) is a top predator in the New Zealand pelagic food web, feeding predominantly on arrow squids. This study quantified trace element concentrations (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Mn, Pb, Se, V, Zn) in four tissues (blubber, kidney, liver, muscle) from 21 individuals from stranding sites in New Zealand. Maximum Cd and Hg concentrations were measured in liver and kidney, respectively. Selenium had a positive correlation with Cd and Hg, suggesting the involvement of Se in Cd and Hg detoxification. Arrow squids from the whales' stomach contents were DNA barcoded and identified as Nototodarus sloanii. Trace element concentrations were measured in squid samples from the whale stomach contents. The significant correlation for Hg between the squid tissue and the whale tissue suggests that arrow squids play a major role in trace element uptake by G. m. edwardii.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lischka
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - E L Betty
- Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - H E Braid
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - C J Pook
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Rd, Grafton, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - S Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - K S R Bolstad
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology & Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Raverty S, St. Leger J, Noren DP, Burek Huntington K, Rotstein DS, Gulland FMD, Ford JKB, Hanson MB, Lambourn DM, Huggins J, Delaney MA, Spaven L, Rowles T, Barre L, Cottrell P, Ellis G, Goldstein T, Terio K, Duffield D, Rice J, Gaydos JK. Pathology findings and correlation with body condition index in stranded killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northeastern Pacific and Hawaii from 2004 to 2013. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242505. [PMID: 33264305 PMCID: PMC7710042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding health and mortality in killer whales (Orcinus orca) is crucial for management and conservation actions. We reviewed pathology reports from 53 animals that stranded in the eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii between 2004 and 2013 and used data from 35 animals that stranded from 2001 to 2017 to assess association with morphometrics, blubber thickness, body condition and cause of death. Of the 53 cases, cause of death was determined for 22 (42%) and nine additional animals demonstrated findings of significant importance for population health. Causes of calf mortalities included infectious disease, nutritional, and congenital malformations. Mortalities in sub-adults were due to trauma, malnutrition, and infectious disease and in adults due to bacterial infections, emaciation and blunt force trauma. Death related to human interaction was found in every age class. Important incidental findings included concurrent sarcocystosis and toxoplasmosis, uterine leiomyoma, vertebral periosteal proliferations, cookiecutter shark (Isistius sp.) bite wounds, excessive tooth wear and an ingested fish hook. Blubber thickness increased significantly with body length (all p < 0.001). In contrast, there was no relationship between body length and an index of body condition (BCI). BCI was higher in animals that died from trauma. This study establishes a baseline for understanding health, nutritional status and causes of mortality in stranded killer whales. Given the evidence of direct human interactions on all age classes, in order to be most successful recovery efforts should address the threat of human interactions, especially for small endangered groups of killer whales that occur in close proximity to large human populations, interact with recreational and commercial fishers and transit established shipping lanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Raverty
- Animal Health Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Judy St. Leger
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dawn P. Noren
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - David S. Rotstein
- Marine Mammal Pathology Service, Olney, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frances M. D. Gulland
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - John K. B. Ford
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M. Bradley Hanson
- Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dyanna M. Lambourn
- Marine Mammal Investigations, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Lakewood, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jessie Huggins
- Cascadia Research Collective, Olympia, Washington, United States of America
| | - Martha A. Delaney
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois, Brookfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lisa Spaven
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Teri Rowles
- Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lynne Barre
- West Coast Regional Office, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul Cottrell
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Graeme Ellis
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Terio
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois, Brookfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Debbie Duffield
- Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jim Rice
- Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Joseph K. Gaydos
- The SeaDoc Society, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center - Orcas Island Office, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Eastsound, Washington, United States of America
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Machovsky-Capuska GE, von Haeften G, Romero MA, Rodríguez DH, Gerpe MS. Linking cadmium and mercury accumulation to nutritional intake in common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from Patagonia, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114480. [PMID: 32283460 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of Hg and Cd from food is a complex ecological process that has been oversimplified in the past. Common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) provide a powerful model to biomonitor metal concentrations in marine environments worldwide. We combined proportions-based nutritional geometry with metal analysis, stomach content analysis and the proximate composition of prey, to yield novel insights into the accumulation of Hg and Cd. Our analysis showed an age-related accumulation trend for Cd and Hg in kidney and liver, with highest concentrations found at 18 years of age. When viewed through the lens of nutritional ecology, Argentine anchovy (58.1 Mass %) and South American long-finned squid (22.7 Mass %), provided most of the dietary intake of protein (P) and lipids (L) (P:L ratio = 2.6:1.0) and also represented the main source for Cd and Hg levels accumulated in their bodies. This study presents unprecedented evidence on metal accumulation in relation to age and nutritional intake in a marine predator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Alejandra Romero
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada y Transferencia Tecnológica en Recursos Marinos "Almirante Storni", Güemes 1030, San Antonio Oeste, 8520, Rio Negro, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Martín 247, San Antonio Oeste, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Diego H Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, B7602AYL, Argentina; Laboratorio de Mamíferos Marinos, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcela S Gerpe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, B7602AYL, Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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11
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Preying on seals pushes killer whales from Norway above pollution effects thresholds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11888. [PMID: 32681067 PMCID: PMC7368030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are at risk from high levels of biomagnifying pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury (Hg). Previous toxicological risk assessments for the Norwegian killer whale population have assumed fish as the primary prey source, and assessed the population as below established effect thresholds. However, some individuals have recently been identified to also feed on seals. This study is the first to quantify levels of pollutants in seal-eating killer whales from northern Norway, and to measure Hg levels in the skin of killer whales worldwide. We found higher levels of all pollutants in seal-eating than fish-eating killer whales, including the emerging brominated flame retardants pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), pentabromotoluene (PBT) and hexabromobenzene (HBB). Sum polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs) in the blubber of seal-eaters (n = 7, geometric mean = 46 µg/g l.w.) were four times higher than fish-eaters (n = 24, geometric mean = 11 µg/g l.w.), which pushed all seal-eating individuals above multiple thresholds for health effects. Total Hg levels in skin of seal-eaters (n = 10, arithmetic mean = 3.7 µg/g d.w.) were twice as high as in fish-eaters (n = 28, arithmetic mean = 1.8 µg/g d.w.). Our results indicate that by feeding on higher trophic prey, the Norwegian killer whale population is at higher risk of health effects from pollution than previously assumed.
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Lara A, Galván-Magaña F, Elorriaga-Verplancken F, Marmolejo-Rodríguez AJ, Gonzalez-Armas R, Arreola-Mendoza L, Sujitha SB, Jonathan MP. Bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of potentially toxic elements in the pelagic thresher shark Alopias pelagicus in Baja California Sur, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111192. [PMID: 32365003 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) is a circumglobal species with high ecological and economic importance. Concentrations of mercury, selenium and cadmium in the muscle and liver tissues of A. pelagicus captured from Baja California Sur, Mexico were determined for assessing the potential human hazard. Results revealed that the average concentrations of Hg (0.76 mg kg-1) and Cd (0.18 mg kg-1) in muscle tissues were below the maximum permissible limits for human consumption. Se in the muscles were relatively low (mean: 0.30 mg kg-1 -1) resulting in a molar excess of Hg over Se. Average levels of hepatic Cd were extremely higher than the maximum limit for consumption. Organotropism of Hg was muscle > liver, whereas Se and Cd presented an order of liver > muscle. Biomagnification Factor (BMF) emphasized the trophic transfer of elements. Selenium Health Benefit value was negative (-3.76) posing potential health risks demanding regular monitoring for health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariagna Lara
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Felipe Galván-Magaña
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Fernando Elorriaga-Verplancken
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Gonzalez-Armas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Avenida IPN, s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, C.P. 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Laura Arreola-Mendoza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S B Sujitha
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Mexicano para la Producción más Limpia (CMP+L), Av. Acueducto s/n, Col. Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P.07340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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13
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López-Berenguer G, Peñalver J, Martínez-López E. A critical review about neurotoxic effects in marine mammals of mercury and other trace elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125688. [PMID: 31896013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Marine mammals are more exposed to mercury (Hg) than any others animals in the world. As many trace elements, Hg it is able to impair the brain function, which could be a cause of population decline. Nevertheless, these issues have been scarcely studied because of the technical and ethical difficulties. We conducted a systematic review about marine mammals' brain exposition to Hg and other trace elements, and their neurotoxic effects. Information was scarce and the lack of standardization of nomenclature of brain structures, sample collecting and results presentation made it difficult to obtain conclusions. Hg was the most studied metal and toothed whales the most studied group. Despite being its target organ, brain accumulates lesser concentrations of Hg than other tissues as liver. We found a significant positive correlation between both organs' burden (rho = 0.956 for cetaceans; rho = 0.756 for pinnipeds). Reported Hg values in brain of cetaceans (median 3.00 ppm ww) surpassed by one or two orders of magnitude those values found in other species as pinnipeds (median 0.33 ppm ww) or polar bears (median 0.07 ppm ww). Such values exceeded neurotoxicity thresholds. Although marine mammals ingest mostly the organic and more toxic form MeHg, different fractions of inorganic mercury can appear in brain, which could suggest some detoxification mechanisms. Other suggested mechanisms include Se-Hg interaction and liver sequestration. Although other elements are subjected to a rigid homeostatic control, appear in low concentrations or do not exert an important neurotoxic effect, they should be more studied to elucidate their neurotoxicity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G López-Berenguer
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - J Peñalver
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Fisheries and Aquaculture Service (CARM), 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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14
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Kim SW, Han SJ, Kim Y, Jun JW, Giri SS, Chi C, Yun S, Kim HJ, Kim SG, Kang JW, Kwon J, Oh WT, Cha J, Han S, Lee BC, Park T, Kim BY, Park SC. Heavy metal accumulation in and food safety of shark meat from Jeju island, Republic of Korea. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212410. [PMID: 30865667 PMCID: PMC6415793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shark meat is consumed as a food source worldwide, especially in Asian countries. However, since sharks are apex predators in the ocean food chain, they are prone to bioaccumulation of heavy metals. More than 100 million sharks are caught annually for human consumption, and the safety of shark meat cannot be overemphasized. Here, we examined heavy metal concentration in the muscle tissue of 6 shark species including 3 migratory species (Carcharhinus brachyurus, Carcharhinus obscurus, and Isurus oxyrinchus) and 3 local species (Triakis scyllium, Mustelus manazo, and Cephaloscyllium umbratile) from fish markets in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The concentrations of 11 heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Hg) and MeHg were analyzed. The result showed that the average concentrations of all metals, except for that of As, were below the regulatory maximum limits of many organizations, including the Codex standard. Hg and MeHg were significantly correlated with body length, body weight, and age, and the concentration of Hg was expected to exceed the limit in C. brachyurus with a body length or weight of over 130 cm or 25 kg, respectively. Our results indicate that shark meat can expose consumers to a high level of As and that copper sharks bigger than the predicted size should be avoided for excessive Hg. Considering these findings, a detailed guideline on consumption of meat of different shark species should be suggested based on further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggab Kim
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyun Cha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeop Kim
- Department of Marine Industry and Maritime Police, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BYK); (SCP)
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (BYK); (SCP)
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15
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Sahebi Z, Emtyazjoo M, Mohammad Shafiee MR, Sahebi F, Erbrahimi Yazdan Abad T, Kazemi A. Examination of Relationship Between Mercury Rate with Zinc and Copper Changes in Muscle Tissue of Otolithes Rubber in Mahshahr Port—the Persian Gulf. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x18030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Sun X, Yu RQ, Zhang M, Zhang X, Chen X, Xiao Y, Ding Y, Wu Y. Correlation of trace element concentrations between epidermis and internal organ tissues in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 605-606:238-245. [PMID: 28667850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trace element accumulation in the epidermis of cetaceans has been less studied. This study explored the feasibility of using epidermis as a surrogate tissue to evaluate internal contaminant burdens in Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis). Eleven trace elements were analyzed in the epidermis, muscle and liver tissues from 46 individuals of dolphins stranded along the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) coast between 2007 and 2013. Trace elemental concentrations varied among the three tissues, generally with the highest concentrations found in liver tissues and lowest in the epidermis (except Zn, As, and Pb). Zn concentration in the epidermis was the highest among all tissues, indicating that Zn could be an important element for the epidermis physiology. High concentrations of Hg and Cr in liver were likely due to an excessive intake by dolphins which consumed high Hg and Cr contaminated fishes in the PRE. Hg concentrations in epidermis and muscle tissues were significantly higher in the females than in males. Concentrations of V and Pb in liver, Se and Cd in both muscle and liver, and As and Hg in all tissue samples showed significantly positive relationships with body length. Hepatic Cu concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with the body length. Hg and As concentrations in epidermis showed significantly positive correlations with those in liver tissues. Thus this study proposed that epidermis could be used as a non-invasive monitoring tissue to evaluate Hg and As bioaccumulation in internal tissues of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Sun
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ri-Qing Yu
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiyang Zhang
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Pearl River Estuary Chinese White Dolphin National Nature Reserve, Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Pearl River Estuary Chinese White Dolphin National Nature Reserve, Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuping Wu
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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17
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Review of killer whale (Orcinus orca) ice entrapments and ice-related mortality events in the Northern Hemisphere. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-016-2019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Endo T, Kimura O, Ohta C, Koga N, Kato Y, Fujii Y, Haraguchi K. Metal Concentrations in the Liver and Stable Isotope Ratios of Carbon and Nitrogen in the Muscle of Silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) Culled off Ishigaki Island, Japan: Changes with Growth. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147797. [PMID: 26859569 PMCID: PMC4747518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed Hg, Cd, Zn, Cu and Fe concentrations in liver samples as well as the Hg concentration and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in muscle samples from silvertip sharks (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) in Japan. Muscular and hepatic Hg concentrations increased with increased body length. However, these increases were more prominent in the liver than in the muscle samples, and appeared to occur after maturation. Hepatic Zn and Cu concentrations decreased during the growth stage, and then increased concomitantly thereafter with increases in Cd burden. Hepatic Fe concentration from males increased proportionally with increases in body length, whereas no increase was observed in samples from females, probably due to the mother-to-embryo transfer of Fe. The δ13C values tended to decrease with increases in body length, whereas no decrease in the δ15N values was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan
| | - Chiho Ohta
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814–0198, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Koga
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1 Befu, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka 814–0198, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kato
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 1314–1 Shido, Sanuki, Kagawa 769–2193, Japan
| | - Yukiko Fujii
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22–1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815–8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22–1 Tamagawa-Cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815–8511, Japan
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19
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Hansen AMK, Bryan CE, West K, Jensen BA. Trace Element Concentrations in Liver of 16 Species of Cetaceans Stranded on Pacific Islands from 1997 through 2013. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:75-95. [PMID: 26283019 PMCID: PMC4988065 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of anthropogenic contaminants on marine ecosystems are a concern worldwide. Anthropogenic activities can enrich trace elements in marine biota to concentrations that may negatively impact organism health. Exposure to elevated concentrations of trace elements is considered a contributing factor in marine mammal population declines. Hawai'i is an increasingly important geographic location for global monitoring, yet trace element concentrations have not been quantified in Hawaiian cetaceans, and there is little trace element data for Pacific cetaceans. This study measured trace elements (Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb) in liver of 16 species of cetaceans that stranded on U.S. Pacific Islands from 1997 to 2013, using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) (n = 31), and direct mercury analysis atomic absorption spectrometry (DMA-AAS) (n = 43). Concentration ranges (μg/g wet mass fraction) for non-essential trace elements, such as Cd (0.0031-58.93) and Hg (0.0062-1571.75) were much greater than essential trace elements, such as Mn (0.590-17.31) and Zn (14.72-245.38). Differences were found among age classes in Cu, Zn, Hg, and Se concentrations. The highest concentrations of Se, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb were found in one adult female false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) at concentrations that are known to affect health in marine mammals. The results of this study establish initial trace element concentration ranges for Pacific cetaceans in the Hawaiian Islands region, provide insights into contaminant exposure of these marine mammals, and contribute to a greater understanding of anthropogenic impacts in the Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M K Hansen
- College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744-5297, USA
| | - Colleen E Bryan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC, 29412, USA.
| | - Kristi West
- College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744-5297, USA
| | - Brenda A Jensen
- College of Natural and Computational Science, Hawaii Pacific University, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744-5297, USA
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20
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Borrell A, Clusa M, Aguilar A, Drago M. Use of epidermis for the monitoring of tissular trace elements in Mediterranean striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba). CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 122:288-294. [PMID: 25532773 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements accumulate in epidermis, liver, kidney and muscle tissues in cetaceans. However, contrarily to internal tissues, epidermis can be sampled using minimally-invasive techniques. We investigate the patterns of trace element tissue concentrations in relation to individual sex and length and the degree of inter-tissue equilibrium between epidermis and the main internal organs of the Mediterranean striped dolphin. With it, we aim to test whether epidermis is a suitable tissue to predict trace element concentrations of internal tissues in cetaceans. We focused on trace elements with high potential toxicity (mercury and cadmium) or biological significance (zinc, copper and selenium). In contrast to what was found for Cu and Zn, the concentrations of Hg, Cd and Se in epidermis were positively correlated with the levels found in the internal tissues sampled probably due to their capacity to bioaccumulate. Thus, we conclude that sampling and analysing epidermis is appropriate to monitor and predict the concentrations of Hg, Cd and Se in internal tissues but not for Cu and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borrell
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Clusa
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Aguilar
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Drago
- Department of Animal Biology and Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Endo T, Kimura O, Sato R, Kobayashi M, Matsuda A, Matsuishi T, Haraguchi K. Stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in killer whales (Orcinus orca) stranded on the coast of Hokkaido, Japan. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 86:238-243. [PMID: 25080859 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed δ(13)C, δ(15)N and δ(18)O in the muscle and liver from killer whales stranded on the coast of Japan. The δ(15)N values in the muscle samples from calves were apparently higher than those in their lactating mothers, suggesting that nursing may result in the higher δ(15)N values in the muscle samples of calves. The δ(15)N value in the muscle samples of male and female whales, except for the calves, were positively correlated with the δ(13)C values and body length, suggesting that the increases in δ(15)N were due to the growth of the whales and increase in their trophic level. In contrast, the δ(18)O values in the muscle samples of female whales except for the calves were negatively correlated with the δ(13)C and δ(15)N values. The δ(18)O may be lower in whales occupying higher trophic positions (δ(15)N), although it might also be affected by geographic and climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Rie Sato
- SI Science Co. Ltd., 473-3 Hongou, Sugito-machi, Kitakatsushika, Saitama 345-0023, Japan
| | - Mari Kobayashi
- Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri 099-2493, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsuda
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuishi
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
| | - Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-Ku, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
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Horai S, Itai T, Noguchi T, Yasuda Y, Adachi H, Hyobu Y, Riyadi AS, Boggs ASP, Lowers R, Guillette LJ, Tanabe S. Concentrations of trace elements in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from Florida, USA. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:159-167. [PMID: 24698170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 28 trace elements (Li, Mg, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Cs, Tl, Hg, Pb, and Bi) in the livers of juvenile and adult American alligators inhabiting two central Florida lakes, Lake Apopka (LA), and Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge (LW) and one lagoon population located in Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR; NASA), were determined. In juveniles from MINWR, concentrations of nine elements (Li, Fe, Ni, Sr, In, Sb, Hg, Pb and Bi) were significantly higher, whereas six elements (V, Fe, As, Sr, Hg and Bi) were elevated in adults (p<0.05) obtained from MINWR. Significant enrichment of some trace elements in adults, relative to juveniles, was observed at all three sampling areas. Specifically, Fe, Pb and Hg were significantly elevated in adults when compared to juveniles, suggesting age-dependent accumulation of these elements. Further, As, Se and Sn showed the same trend but only in animals collected from MINWR. Mean Fe concentrations in the livers of adults from LA, LW and MINWR were 1770 μg g(-1) DW, 3690 μg g(-1) DW and 5250 μg g(-1) DW, respectively. More than half of the adult specimens from LW and MINWR exhibited elevated hepatic Fe concentrations that exceed the threshold value for toxic effects in donkey, red deer and human. These results prompted us to express our concern on possible exposure and health effects in American alligators by some trace elements derived from NASA activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Horai
- Faculty of Regional Environment, Tottori University, Japan; Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan
| | - Takaaki Itai
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan
| | - Takako Noguchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yasuda
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan
| | - Haruki Adachi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan
| | - Yuika Hyobu
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan
| | - Adi S Riyadi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan
| | - Ashley S P Boggs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Russell Lowers
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, USA; Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, USA; Innomedic Health Applications, Mail code IHA-300, Kennedy Space Center, USA
| | - Louis J Guillette
- Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, USA; Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, USA; Innomedic Health Applications, Mail code IHA-300, Kennedy Space Center, USA
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Japan.
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Barone G, Giacominelli-Stuffler R, Storelli MM. Comparative study on trace metal accumulation in the liver of two fish species (Torpedinidae): concentration-size relationship. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 97:73-77. [PMID: 23932429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metal concentrations (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni) were measured in the liver of two fish, Torpedo nobiliana (electric ray) and Torpedo marmorata (marbled electric ray), from the Mediterranean Sea in order to comparatively investigate their current pollution status. Maximum mean levels of Hg were detected in electric ray (mean: 2.16μgg(-1) ww), while marbled electric ray accumulated especially Cd (mean: 0.06μgg(-1) ww), Cu (mean: 3.83μgg(-1) ww) and As (mean: 32.64μgg(-1) ww). The metal concentrations are similar to those reported in literature, except for Cd, As and Ni. Hg concentrations increased with increasing fish body length in both species, whilst no significant concentration-size relationship was found for other metals. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report providing information on trace metal levels and relationship between concentration and size of these cartilaginous fishes. Future studies on the concentrations and effects of environmental contaminants in various torpedinid species are surely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Barone
- Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutical Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Bari-Strada Prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy
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Lemos LS, de Moura JF, Hauser-Davis RA, de Campos RC, Siciliano S. Small cetaceans found stranded or accidentally captured in southeastern Brazil: bioindicators of essential and non-essential trace elements in the environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 97:166-175. [PMID: 23993648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Essential (Cu, Mn, Se and Zn) and non-essential (Cd and Hg) elements were analyzed in the hepatic tissue of 22 individuals of seven different species of small cetaceans (Feresa attenuata; Orcinus orca; Pontoporia blainvillei; Sotalia guianensis; Stenella frontalis; Steno bredanensis; Tursiops truncatus) accidentally caught in fishing nets or found stranded along the northern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2001 and 2010. Atlantic spotted dolphin (S. frontalis) showed the highest levels of Cd (20.23μgg(-1), dry weight), while rough-toothed dolphin (S. bredanensis) showed the highest levels of Hg (825.9μgg(-1)dw) and Se (221.9μgg(-1)dw). Killer whale (O. orca) presented the highest levels of Cu (64.80μgg(-1)dw) and Zn (2220μgg(-1)dw), and Guiana dolphin (S. guianensis), the highest level of Mn (13.05μgg(-1)dw). Cu, Hg, Mn and Zn in the hepatic tissue of killer whale (O. orca), Cu, Hg, Mn, Se and Zn in the hepatic tissue of rough-toothed dolphin (S. bredanensis) and Cd and Zn in the hepatic tissue of Guiana dolphin (S. guianensis) were significantly higher when compared to other studies with these species around the world. No significant correlations were observed between element accumulation and sex, sexual maturity and body length. An analysis of the interelemental relationships in the Guiana dolphin specimens showed strong positive correlations between Cd and Se, Cu and Zn, and Hg and Se. Differences were observed in the bioaccumulation of elements between the analyzed species, probably related to each species feeding habit, and differences between different element concentrations in the different dolphin species were probably due to the preference for certain preys and their bioavailability in the environment. Thus, the bioavailability of the analyzed elements in the marine environment should also be taken in consideration. This study also presents the first data ever reported for pygmy killer whale (F. attenuata) regarding trace element concentrations in hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soledade Lemos
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública/FICORUZ, Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa-DENSP, Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos, GEMM-Lagos. Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1.480, 6° andar, Sala 611, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, ENSP/Fiocruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil.
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Mirceta S, Signore AV, Burns JM, Cossins AR, Campbell KL, Berenbrink M. Evolution of mammalian diving capacity traced by myoglobin net surface charge. Science 2013; 340:1234192. [PMID: 23766330 DOI: 10.1126/science.1234192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Extended breath-hold endurance enables the exploitation of the aquatic niche by numerous mammalian lineages and is accomplished by elevated body oxygen stores and adaptations that promote their economical use. However, little is known regarding the molecular and evolutionary underpinnings of the high muscle myoglobin concentration phenotype of divers. We used ancestral sequence reconstruction to trace the evolution of this oxygen-storing protein across a 130-species mammalian phylogeny and reveal an adaptive molecular signature of elevated myoglobin net surface charge in diving species that is mechanistically linked with maximal myoglobin concentration. This observation provides insights into the tempo and routes to enhanced dive capacity evolution within the ancestors of each major mammalian aquatic lineage and infers amphibious ancestries of echidnas, moles, hyraxes, and elephants, offering a fresh perspective on the evolution of this iconic respiratory pigment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Mirceta
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
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Endo T, Minoshima Y, Hisamichi Y, Kimura O, Hayasaka M, Ogasawara H, Haraguchi K. Levels of mercury and organohalogen compounds in the muscle and liver of kidako moray eels (Gymnothorax kidako) caught off the southern region of Japan. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1745-51. [PMID: 23037164 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the levels of total mercury (T-Hg), methylmercury (M-Hg) and Cd in the muscle and liver of kidako moray eels (Gymnothorax kidako) of different body lengths caught off Kochi Prefecture in southern Japan. Furthermore, we analyzed the levels of organohalogen compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), p,p'-1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE), trans-nonachlor and 2,3,3',4,4',5,5'-heptachloro-1'-methyl-1-2'-bipyrrole (Q1) and stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen (δ(15)N) in the muscle of eels. The concentrations of T-Hg and M-Hg in the muscle (edible part) were 0.31±0.08 µg/wet g and 0.25±0.06 µg/wet g (n=26), respectively, and those in large eels exceeded the Japanese legislated levels of T-Hg (0.4 µg/wet g) and M-Hg (0.3 µg/wet g) in fish and shellfish, respectively. The T-Hg and M-Hg concentrations in the liver were markedly higher than those in the muscle, respectively. The ratios of M-Hg to T-Hg in the muscle and liver were about 80 and 60%, respectively, and those ratios tended to decrease with increased body length. The Cd concentrations in the liver tended to increase proportionally with body length, while that in the muscle was trace (around or below 0.03 µg/wet g). The concentrations of PCBs, p,p'-DDE, trans-nonachlor in the muscle tended to increase proportionally with body length, while that of Q1 did not. The δ(13)C and δ(15)N values in the kidako moray eel were markedly higher than those in offshore habit predators reported elsewhere, which may reflect the inshore habitat of this eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061–0293, Japan.
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Endo T, Hisamichi Y, Kimura O, Haraguchi K, Lavery S, Dalebout ML, Funahashi N, Baker CS. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen and mercury concentrations in 13 toothed whale species taken from the western Pacific Ocean off Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:2675-2681. [PMID: 20218671 DOI: 10.1021/es903534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope ratios of carbon (partial differential(13)C) and nitrogen (partial differential(15)N) and total mercury (T-Hg) concentrations were measured in red meat samples from 11 odontocete species (toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises) sold in Japan (n = 96) and in muscle samples from stranded killer whales (n = 6) and melon-headed whales (n = 15), and the analytical data for these species were classified into three regions (northern, central, and southern Japan) depending on the locations in which they were caught or stranded. The partial differential(15)N in the samples from southern Japan tended to be lower than that in samples from the north, whereas both partial differential(13)C and T-Hg concentrations in samples from the south tended to higher than those in samples from northern Japan. Negative correlations were found between the partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values and between the partial differential(15)N value and T-Hg concentrations in the combined samples all three regions (gamma= -0.238, n = 117, P < 0.01). The partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the samples varied more by habitat than by species. Spatial variations in partial differential(13)C, partial differential(15)N, and T-Hg concentrations in the ocean may be the cause of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Endo T, Hisamichi Y, Kimura O, Kotaki Y, Kato Y, Ohta C, Koga N, Haraguchi K. Contamination levels of mercury in the muscle of female and male spiny dogfishes (Squalus acanthias) caught off the coast of Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 77:1333-1337. [PMID: 19863992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the total mercury (T-Hg) and stable isotopes of (13)C and (15)N in the muscle of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) caught off the coast of Japan. The average body length of the female spiny dogfish sampled (94.9+/-20.2 cm, 50.5-131.0 cm, n=40) was significantly larger than that of the males sampled (77.8+/-10.8 cm, 55.5-94.0 cm, n=35), although the ages of the samples were unknown. The T-Hg concentration in the muscle samples rapidly increased after maturity in the females (larger than about 120 cm) and males (larger than about 90 cm), followed by a continued gradual increase. Contamination level of T-Hg in female muscle samples (0.387+/-0.378 microg(wet g)(-1), n=40) was slightly higher than that in male muscle samples (0.316+/-0.202 microg(wet g)(-1), n=35), probably due to the greater longevity of females. In contrast, the contamination level of T-Hg in females smaller than 94.0 cm in length (0.204+/-0.098 microg(wet g)(-1), n=20) was slightly lower than that in the males, probably due to the faster growth rate of females. Although the partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values in the muscle samples increased with an increase in body length, there were no significant differences between the females (-17.2+/-0.4 per thousand and 12.4+/-0.9 per thousand, respectively) and males (-17.3+/-0.4 per thousand and 12.4+/-0.8 per thousand, respectively). A positive correlation was found between partial differential(13)C and partial differential(15)N values, suggesting trophic enrichment due to the growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Haraguchi K, Hisamichi Y, Endo T. Accumulation and mother-to-calf transfer of anthropogenic and natural organohalogens in killer whales (Orcinus orca) stranded on the Pacific coast of Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:2853-2859. [PMID: 19201449 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Blubber samples were analyzed for anthropogenic and natural persistent organohalogens in nine killer whales (Orcinus orca) stranded on the northern coast of Japan in 2005. Anthropogenic organohalogens were dominated by DDTs (40-240 microg/g lipid weight (lw)), PCBs (19-68 microg/g lw), and chlordanes (trans-nonachlor, 15-80 microg/g lw). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected at a range of 0.22-0.64 microg/g lw (BDE-47, 42-74% of SigmaPBDE). For natural organohalogens, mixed halogenated dimethylbipyrroles (Br4Cl2-DBP, 6.4-26 microg/g lw), heptachlorinated methylbipyrrole (Cl7-MBP, 0.5-1.9 microg/g lw), two methoxylated tetrabromodiphenyl ethers (6-MeO-BDE47, 0.11-0.58 microg/g lw; 2'-MeO-BDE68, 0.02-0.06 microg/g lw), and dimethoxylated tetrabromobiphenyl (2,2'-diMeO-BB80, 0.06-0.20 microg/g lw) were present. These concentrations in the blubber were higher in calves than in lactating females, indicating that large quantities of the persistent organohalogens transferred from the mother to the calf through lactation. The mother-to-calf transfer ratios of PCBs and PBDEs were significantly decreased with increasing number of halogen substituents, suggesting that higher halogenated congeners are less transferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Haraguchi
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1 Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8511 Japan.
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Endo T, Hisamichi Y, Haraguchi K, Kato Y, Ohta C, Koga N. Hg, Zn and Cu levels in the muscle and liver of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the coast of Ishigaki Island, Japan: relationship between metal concentrations and body length. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2008; 56:1774-1780. [PMID: 18656211 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed Hg, Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver and muscle of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the coast of Ishigaki Island, Japan. The Hg concentration in the muscle increased proportionally with body length in the tiger sharks, whereas that in the liver increased rapidly after maturity (defined by a length of over 2.7 m). Muscle Hg levels were higher than liver concentrations in immature sharks, with the inverse trend observed in mature sharks. Notably, the Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver tended to decrease with increasing body length. This rapid increase in hepatic Hg concentration concurrent with the onset of maturity in sharks may result from the continuous intake of Hg via food and the slower growth of mature sharks. The high concentrations of the essential metals Zn and Cu in immature sharks may be explained by the physiological demands related to rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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