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Ahmad R, Alam MB, Cho E, Park CB, Shafique I, Lee SH, Sunghwan K. Development of a rapid screening method utilizing 2D LC for effect-directed analysis in the identification of environmental toxicants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172199. [PMID: 38580108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is a crucial tool in environmental toxicology, effectively integrating toxicity testing with chemical analysis. The conventional EDA approach, however, presents challenges such as significant solvent consumption, extended analysis time, labor intensity, and potential contamination risks. In response, we introduce an innovative alternative to the conventional EDA. This method utilizes the MTT bioassay and online two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D LC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), significantly reducing the fractionation steps and leveraging the enhanced sensitivity of the bioassay and automated chemical analysis. In the chemical analysis phase, a switching valve interface is employed for comprehensive analysis. We tested the performance of both the conventional and our online 2D LC-based methods using a household product. Both methods identified the same number of toxicants in the sample. Our alternative EDA is 22.5 times faster than the conventional method, fully automated, and substantially reduces solvent consumption. This novel approach offers ease, cost-effectiveness, and represents a paradigm shift in EDA methodologies. By integrating a sensitive bioassay with online 2D LC, it not only enhances efficiency but also addresses the challenges associated with traditional methods, marking a significant advancement in environmental toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raees Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Beom Park
- Gyeongnam Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Republic of Korea
| | - Imran Shafique
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Sunghwan
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Mass Spectrometry based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Moradi M, Hung H, Li J, Park R, Shin C, Alexandrou N, Iqbal MA, Takhar M, Chan A, Brook JR. Assessment of Alkylated and Unsubstituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air in Urban and Semi-Urban Areas in Toronto, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2959-2967. [PMID: 35148085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
22 alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alk-PAHs) were characterized in ambient air individually for the first time in urban and semi-urban locations in Toronto, Canada. Five unsubstituted PAHs were included for comparison. Results from the measurements were used to estimate benzo[a]pyrene equivalent toxicity (BaPeq) of individual compounds in order to investigate the significance of a single compound in contributing to the overall toxic equivalency (TEQ) of air mixtures. To determine which compounds merit further investigation, BaPeq values of individual compounds were compared to the measured BaP toxicity. Our results showed that both unsubstituted and alkylated PAHs were more abundant in the urban area (38 and 30%, respectively). Benzo[a]pyrene levels at the urban location exceeded Ontario's 24 h guideline (40% of the events), and on average, it was 5 times higher than that at the semi-urban area. Gas-phase two- and three-ring compounds contributed up to 39% (urban) and 76% (semi-urban) of the TEQ of all compounds analyzed. Some alk-PAHs such as 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene had a huge impact on the toxicity of urban air, and its BaPeq was on average 8 times higher than that of BaP. We emphasize that the toxic impact of alkylated and gaseous PAHs, which is not routinely included in many air monitoring programs, is significant and should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
- Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Hayley Hung
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - James Li
- Civil Engineering Department, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Richard Park
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Cecilia Shin
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Nick Alexandrou
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Mohammed Asif Iqbal
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Manpreet Takhar
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Arthur Chan
- Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Brook
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P8, Canada
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Blagojević D, Babić O, Kaišarević S, Stanić B, Mihajlović V, Davidović P, Marić P, Smital T, Simeunović J. Evaluation of cyanobacterial toxicity using different biotests and protein phosphatase inhibition assay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49220-49231. [PMID: 33932210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are prolific producers of numerous toxic compounds, among which microcystins (hepatotoxins) are the most frequently found. Cyanobacterial bloom in freshwaters is an increasing problem, and there is still a need for rapid and reliable methods for the detection of toxic cyanobacterial samples. In the present study, the toxicity of crude extracts of 11 cyanobacterial strains from different genera has been assessed on two cell lines (human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver-derived RTL-W1 cells), crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Artemia salina), and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, as well as by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibition assay and ELISA test to determine whether the toxicity could be due to the presence of hepatotoxins/microcystins. All the tested strains exhibited toxicity on HepG2 cell line (IC50 from 35 to 702 μg mL-1), including Arthrospira (Spirulina) strains, while toxicity against the RTL-W1 cells was detected only in the positive reference Microcystis PCC 7806 and Nostoc 2S9B. Tested strains expressed higher toxicity to D. magna and zebrafish embryos in comparison to A. salina, whereby Nostoc LC1B and Nostoc S8 belonged to the most toxic strains. The PP1-inhibiting compounds have been detected by PP1 assay only in four strains (Microcystis PCC 7806, Oscillatoria K3, Nostoc LC1B, and Nostoc S8), indicating that their toxic potency can be attributed to these compounds. On the other hand, very low levels of microcystins, as confirmed by ELISA, were insufficient to explain toxicity and different toxic potencies of tested cyanobacteria. Results presented in this study suggested HepG2 cell line as a particularly suitable model for cyanobacterial toxicity assessment. In addition, they highlight terrestrial cyanobacterial strains as potent producers of toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Blagojević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Olivera Babić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaišarević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stanić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Varja Mihajlović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Petar Davidović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Petra Marić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Molecular Ecotoxicology, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelica Simeunović
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
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Ibor OR, Khan EA, Arukwe A. Toxicity assessment of Lemna solid waste dumpsite (Calabar, Nigeria) using different extraction methods and toxicological responses of PLHC-1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103554. [PMID: 33290873 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of three (elutriate, polar and non-polar) different soil extraction methods from the Lemna solid waste dumpsite (Calabar, Nigeria) on the biotransformation, antioxidant and cellular defense responses of PLHC-1 cell line. Following a 48 h exposure period to different concentrations of each extract, the PLHC-1 cells were evaluated for enzymatic activities - glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (Gr), glutathione S-transferase (Gst), 7-ethoxy-, pentoxy-, and benzyloxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD, PROD and BROD) and mRNA expressions for catalase (cat), gpx, gst, cyp1a, cyp3a, mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) and Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein (keap-1). Overall, our results showed parameter-, extract- and concentration-specific increases in transcripts and functional product levels for biotransformation, antioxidant and cellular defense/cytoprotective responses, compared with control. These responses were mostly characterized by a biphasic pattern of effects by either, increasing at low concentration, and thereafter decrease, as the concentration increases or vice versa, depending on the extract type. These observations paralleled soil contaminants (organics and inorganics) burden from the dumpsite. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that cells treated with the non-polar extract produced more pronounced effects on the measured toxicological responses, compared with the polar and elutriate extracts. Thus, our data highlight peculiar risks to cells exposed to each soil extract, indicating complex and multiple chemical interactions with diverse functional groups that contaminants may have in mixture scenarios. Given the limitations and cost implications of contaminants analysis for the numerous soil- or sediment-bound compounds, we propose that this approach represents an analytical benchmark and endpoints for assessing the risk of complex environmental matrices such as soil and sediments, for ecotoxicological monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oju R Ibor
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Essa A Khan
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Retention Behaviour of Alkylated and Non-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Different Types of Stationary Phases in Gas Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gas chromatographic retention behaviour of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylated PAHs on a new ionic liquid stationary phase, 1,12-di(tripropylphosphonium) dodecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (SLB®-ILPAH) intended for the separation of PAH mixtures, was compared with the elution pattern on more traditional stationary phases: a non-polar phenyl arylene (DB-5ms) and a semi-polar 50% phenyl dimethyl siloxane (SLB PAHms) column. All columns were tested by injections of working solutions containing 20 parental PAHs from molecular weight of 128 to 278 g/mol and 48 alkylated PAHs from molecular weight of 142 to 280 g/mol on a one dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. The SLB PAHms column allowed separation of most isomers. The SLB®-ILPAH column showed a rather different retention pattern compared to the other two columns and, therefore, provided a potential for use in comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC). The ionic liquid column and the 50% phenyl column showed good thermal stability with a low bleed profile, even lower than that of the phenyl arylene “low bleed” column.
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Thiäner JB, Richter-Brockmann S, Achten C. Analysis of 6- and 7-ring PAH and other non-EPA PAH by atmospheric pressure laser ionization – mass spectrometry (APLI-MS) in environmental certified reference materials NIST 1941b, NIST 1649b, BAM CC013a and IRMM BCR 535. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:91-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Richter-Brockmann S, Achten C. Analysis and toxicity of 59 PAH in petrogenic and pyrogenic environmental samples including dibenzopyrenes, 7H-benzo[c]fluorene, 5-methylchrysene and 1-methylpyrene. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:495-503. [PMID: 29505926 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study 59 PAH were analyzed in samples of petrogenic and pyrogenic sources as well as mixed environmental matrices. Among the analytes, PAH of molecular weights from 128 Da to 302 Da in alkylated and in native form were included. Results show that non-EPA PAH make up 69.3–95.1% of the overall toxic equivalents (TEQ) as based on the toxic equivalent factors (TEF) of 24 PAH. Particularly 7H-benzo[c]fluorene, dibenzopyrene isomers and alkylated PAH (in particular 5-methylchrysene and 1-methylpyrene) turned out to have a huge impact on the toxicity and must not be neglected in future risk assessment. In detail, dibenzopyrenes have a high impact on toxicity predominantly in pyrogenic materials (21% to 84%; mean: 59%) whereas 7H-benzo[c]fluorene dominates toxicity of petrogenic materials (up to 80%; mean: 26%). However, in the studied mixed environmental samples the toxic impact of both groups together is as high as about 80%. Many non-EPA PAH are not considered in risk assessment and amongst them there are some very toxic ones. This needs to be carefully evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Richter-Brockmann
- University Münster, Institute of Geology and Paleontology - Applied Geology, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- University Münster, Institute of Geology and Paleontology - Applied Geology, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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8
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Popadić D, Heßelbach K, Richter-Brockmann S, Kim GJ, Flemming S, Schmidt-Heck W, Häupl T, Bonin M, Dornhof R, Achten C, Günther S, Humar M, Merfort I. Gene expression profiling of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from biomass combustion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:10-22. [PMID: 29596927 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Popadić
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Heßelbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Richter-Brockmann
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gwang-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Flemming
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bonin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Dornhof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Čučak DI, Spasojević JM, Babić OB, Maletić SP, Simeunović JB, Rončević SD, Dalmacija BD, Tamaš I, Radnović DV. A chemical and microbiological characterization and toxicity assessment of the Pančevo industrial complex wastewater canal sediments, Serbia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8458-8468. [PMID: 28188553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The wastewater canal Vojlovica of the Pančevo industrial area, Serbia, is the main collector of the effluents from the local industrial complex. The canal is directly connected to the Europe's second largest river, the Danube. Here, we present a chemical and microbiological analysis of the sediment in order to determine the fate of pollutants over the years, as well as its current condition. Dry matter, clay and organic matter content, a Kjeldahl ammonia, phosphorus, metals, and polychlorinated biphenyls as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations were measured. Microbiological analysis included heterotrophic and oil-degrading bacterial counts, isolation of the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria, and identification of cyanobacteria. Generally, in comparison to the results from previous studies, concentrations of the measured pollutants have been in a decline. Specifically, the metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were reduced whereas microbial counts and toxicity tests did not indicate significant pollution. The obtained results are probably a consequence of an improved wastewater treatment and microbial degradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana I Čučak
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Jelena M Spasojević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Olivera B Babić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Snežana P Maletić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Jelica B Simeunović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Srđan D Rončević
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Božo D Dalmacija
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Ivica Tamaš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Dragan V Radnović
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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Große Brinkhaus S, Thiäner JB, Achten C. Ultra-high sensitive PAH analysis of certified reference materials and environmental samples by GC-APLI-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2801-2812. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Xiao H, Krauss M, Floehr T, Yan Y, Bahlmann A, Eichbaum K, Brinkmann M, Zhang X, Yuan X, Brack W, Hollert H. Effect-Directed Analysis of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonists in Sediments from the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11319-11328. [PMID: 27640527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The construction of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) in the Yangtze River raises great concern in ecotoxicological research since large amounts of pollutants enter the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) water bodies after TGD impoundment. In this work, effect-directed analysis (EDA), combining effect assessment, fractionation procedure, and target and nontarget analyses, was used to characterize aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists in sediments of the TGR. Priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing four to five aromatic rings were found to contribute significantly to the overall observed effects in the area of Chongqing. The relatively high potency fractions in the Kaixian area were characterized by PAHs and methylated derivatives thereof and heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) such as dinaphthofurans. Benzothiazole and derivatives were identified as possible AhR agonists in the Kaixian area based on nontarget liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). To our knowledge, this study is the first one applying the EDA approach and identifying potential AhR agonists in TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Martin Krauss
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Tilman Floehr
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Arnold Bahlmann
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xingzhong Yuan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Werner Brack
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
- Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ , Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, ABBt - Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University , Aachen 52074, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030, China
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University , Shanghai 200092, China
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Lou S, Lei B, Feng C, Xu J, Peng W, Wang Y. In vitro toxicity assessment of sediment samples from Huangpu River and Suzhou River, Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15183-15192. [PMID: 27094279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediments are the ultimate sink for many toxic organic contaminants released into aquatic environment. The present study evaluated the toxicity effect of 13 surface sediment samples from Huangpu River and Suzhou River, East China using two-hybrid yeast bioassays for estrogenic and thyroidal effects and H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay for ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Toxicity was expressed as 17β-estradiol equivalent (E2-EQ), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine equivalent (T3-EQ), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) equivalent (TEQ). At the same time, the causality between the observed EROD activity and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined. The results showed that the total estrogenic effects in sediments ranged from 0.06 to 1.21 μg E2-EQ kg(-1) dry weight (dw), the thyroidal effects ranged from 4.68 to 69.9 μg T3-EQ kg(-1) dw, and significantly positive correlations were found between lgT3-EQs and lgE2-EQs. The AhR agonist effects varied from 26.5 to 148.3 ng TEQ kg(-1) dw. Chemical analysis-derived TEQs contributed by PAHs ranged from 13.8 to 66.0 ng kg(-1) dw accounting for 27.2-109.9 % with mean of 48.9 % of TEQbio, indicating that PAHs made important contributions to the EROD effects of sediment extracts from the two rivers. The present study would provide meaningful information for further analysis and risk evaluation for organic pollutants in Huangpu River and Suzhou River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Lou
- Commen Subjects Department, Shangqiu Medical College, Hanan, 450000, China
| | - Bingli Lei
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yipei Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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13
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Hrubik J, Glisic B, Tubic A, Ivancev-Tumbas I, Kovacevic R, Samardzija D, Andric N, Kaisarevic S. Toxicological and chemical investigation of untreated municipal wastewater: Fraction- and species-specific toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 127:153-162. [PMID: 26829069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Absence of a municipal wastewater (WW) treatment plant results in the untreated WW discharge into the recipient. The present study investigated toxic effects and chemical composition of water extracts and fractions from untreated WW and recipient Danube River (DR). Samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction and silica gel fractionation and screened for EROD activity and cytotoxicity using aquatic models, comprising of fish liver cells (PLHC-1) and a model of the early development of zebrafish embryos, while rat (H4IIE) and human (HepG2) hepatoma cells served as mammalian models. Polar fraction caused cytotoxicity and increased the EROD activity in PLHC-1 cells, and increased mortality and developmental abnormalities in developing zebrafish embryos. In H4IIE, polar fraction induced inhibition of cell growth and increased EROD activity, whereas HepG2 exerted low or no response to the exposure. Non-polar and medium-polar fractions were ineffective. Tentative identification by GC/MS showed that WW is characterized by the hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, plasticizers, and a certain number of benzene derivatives and organic acids. In DR, smaller number of organic compounds was identified and toxicity was less pronounced than in WW treatments. The present study revealed the potent toxic effect of polar fraction of untreated WW, with biological responses varying in sensitivity across organisms. Obtained results confirmed that fraction- and species-specific toxicity should be considered when assessing health risk of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Hrubik
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Glisic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Tubic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Ivancev-Tumbas
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Radmila Kovacevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Samardzija
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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14
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Brack W, Ait-Aissa S, Burgess RM, Busch W, Creusot N, Di Paolo C, Escher BI, Mark Hewitt L, Hilscherova K, Hollender J, Hollert H, Jonker W, Kool J, Lamoree M, Muschket M, Neumann S, Rostkowski P, Ruttkies C, Schollee J, Schymanski EL, Schulze T, Seiler TB, Tindall AJ, De Aragão Umbuzeiro G, Vrana B, Krauss M. Effect-directed analysis supporting monitoring of aquatic environments--An in-depth overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:1073-118. [PMID: 26779957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic environments are often contaminated with complex mixtures of chemicals that may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. This contamination cannot be addressed with target analysis alone but tools are required to reduce this complexity and identify those chemicals that might cause adverse effects. Effect-directed analysis (EDA) is designed to meet this challenge and faces increasing interest in water and sediment quality monitoring. Thus, the present paper summarizes current experience with the EDA approach and the tools required, and provides practical advice on their application. The paper highlights the need for proper problem formulation and gives general advice for study design. As the EDA approach is directed by toxicity, basic principles for the selection of bioassays are given as well as a comprehensive compilation of appropriate assays, including their strengths and weaknesses. A specific focus is given to strategies for sampling, extraction and bioassay dosing since they strongly impact prioritization of toxicants in EDA. Reduction of sample complexity mainly relies on fractionation procedures, which are discussed in this paper, including quality assurance and quality control. Automated combinations of fractionation, biotesting and chemical analysis using so-called hyphenated tools can enhance the throughput and might reduce the risk of artifacts in laboratory work. The key to determining the chemical structures causing effects is analytical toxicant identification. The latest approaches, tools, software and databases for target-, suspect and non-target screening as well as unknown identification are discussed together with analytical and toxicological confirmation approaches. A better understanding of optimal use and combination of EDA tools will help to design efficient and successful toxicant identification studies in the context of quality monitoring in multiply stressed environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Brack
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Ait-Aissa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Robert M Burgess
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wibke Busch
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicolas Creusot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - L Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Klara Hilscherova
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Willem Jonker
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- VU University, BioMolecular Analysis Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja Lamoree
- VU Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Muschket
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Neumann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Pawel Rostkowski
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Instituttveien 18, 2007 Kjeller, Norway
| | | | - Jennifer Schollee
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Emma L Schymanski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Andrew J Tindall
- WatchFrag, Bâtiment Genavenir 3, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91000 Evry, France
| | | | - Branislav Vrana
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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Kaisarevic S, Dakic V, Hrubik J, Glisic B, Lübcke-von Varel U, Pogrmic-Majkic K, Fa S, Teodorovic I, Brack W, Kovacevic R. Differential expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 genes in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells exposed to TCDD and PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:358-368. [PMID: 25555259 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rat hepatoma cells H4IIE were treated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene), low-concentration mixtures of PAHs and TCDD, and environmental mixtures contaminated by PAHs and their derivatives. Expression of the gene battery comprising cytochrome P450 Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1, and glutathione-s-transferase Gsta2 and Gstp was investigated using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The results revealed that TCDD induce Cyp1a1>Cyp1a2>Cyp1b1, while PAHs and PAH-containing environmental mixtures induce Cyp1a2>Cyp1a1>Cyp1b1 gene expression pattern. While low-concentration mixtures elicited a more pronounced response in comparison to single treatments, the typical gene expression patterns were not observed. In all samples, Gsta2 was predominantly expressed relative to Gstp. These findings indicate that differential Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 expression in the H4IIE cells might be used for detection of PAHs in highly contaminated environmental mixtures, but not in low-concentration mixtures of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kaisarevic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Vanja Dakic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Hrubik
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Branka Glisic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Urte Lübcke-von Varel
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina Pogrmic-Majkic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Fa
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Teodorovic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Werner Brack
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Effect-Directed Analysis, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Radmila Kovacevic
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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16
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Liu L, Chen L, Shao Y, Zhang L, Floehr T, Xiao H, Yan Y, Eichbaum K, Hollert H, Wu L. Evaluation of the ecotoxicity of sediments from Yangtze river estuary and contribution of priority PAHs to ah receptor--mediated activities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104748. [PMID: 25111307 PMCID: PMC4128779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, in vitro bioassays were performed to assess the ecotoxicological potential of sediments from Yangtze River estuary. The cytotoxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated toxicity of sediment extracts with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cells were determined by neutral red retention and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase assays. The cytotoxicity and AhR-mediated activity of sediments from the Yangtze River estuary ranged from low level to moderate level compared with the ecotoxicity of sediments from other river systems. However, Yangtze River releases approximately 14 times greater water discharge compared with Rhine, a major river in Europe. Thus, the absolute pollution mass transfer of Yangtze River may be detrimental to the environmental quality of estuary and East China Sea. Effect-directed analysis was applied to identify substances causing high dioxin-like activities. To identify unknown substances contributing to dioxin-like potencies of whole extracts, we fractionated crude extracts by open column chromatography. Non-polar paraffinic components (F1), weakly and moderately polar components (F2), and highly polar substances (F3) were separated from each crude extract of sediments. F2 showed the highest dioxin-like activities. Based on the results of mass balance calculation of chemical toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs), our conclusion is that priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons indicated a low portion of bio-TEQs ranging from 1% to 10% of crude extracts. Further studies should be conducted to identify unknown pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tilman Floehr
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hongxia Xiao
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eichbaum
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Ghosh P, Das MT, Thakur IS. Mammalian cell line-based bioassays for toxicological evaluation of landfill leachate treated by Pseudomonas sp. ISTDF1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8084-8094. [PMID: 24671403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate has become a serious environmental concern because of the presence of many hazardous compounds which even at trace levels are a threat to human health and environment. Therefore, it is important to assess the toxicity of leachate generated and discharge it conforming to the safety standards. The present work examined the efficiency of an earlier reported Pseudomonas sp. strain ISTDF1 for detoxification of leachate collected from Okhla landfill site (New Delhi, India). GC-MS analysis performed after treatment showed the removal of compounds like alpha-limonene diepoxide, brominated dioxin-2-one, Bisphenol A, nitromusk, phthalate derivative, and nitrobenzene originally found in untreated leachate. ICP-AES analysis for heavy metals also showed reduction in concentrations of Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe, Ni, and Pb bringing them within the limit of safety discharge. Methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity, alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity, and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay for dioxin-like behavior were carried out in human hepato-carcinoma cell line HepG2 to evaluate the toxic potential of treated and untreated leachates. The bacterium reduced toxicity as shown by 2.5-fold reduction of MTT EC50 value, 7-fold reduction in Olive Tail Moment, and 2.8-fold reduction in EROD induction after 240 h of bacterial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Ghosh
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India,
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Mishra M, Das MT, Thakur IS. Mammalian cell-line based toxicological evaluation of paper mill black liquor treated in a soil microcosm by indigenous alkalo-tolerant Bacillus sp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2966-2976. [PMID: 24170500 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants present in the soil of a microcosm containing pulp and paper mill black liquor were extracted with hexane/acetone (1:1 v/v) to study the biodegradation and detoxification potential of a Bacillus sp. gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis performed after biodegradation showed formation of simpler compounds like p-hydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (retention time [RT] 19.3 min), homovanillic acid methyl ester (RT 21.6 min) and 3,5-dimethoxy-p-coumaric alcohol (RT 24.7 min). The methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay for dioxin-like behavior and alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity were carried out in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HuH-7 before and after bacterial treatment. Bioremediation for 15 days reduced toxicity, as shown by a 139-fold increase in black liquor's LC50 value, a 343-fold reduction in benzo(a)pyrene equivalent value and a 5-fold reduction in olive tail moment. The EROD assay positively correlated with both the MTT and comet assays in post biodegradation toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mishra
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110 067, India,
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Tubić A, Leovac A, Hrubik J, Glišić B, Kaišarević S, Ivančev-Tumbas I, Kovačević R. Toxicological profiles assessment of the water and sediments from the Krivaja and Jegrička Rivers, Serbia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:1201-1215. [PMID: 23647111 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.776848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes a combinatorial bio/chemical approach to assess the toxicological profiles of organic pollutants in water and sediment samples from two watercourses that are under significant anthropogenic pressure-the Krivaja and Jegrička rivers in Serbia. Sample preparation by solid-phase extraction and silica-gel fractionation followed by GC/MS analysis, allowed the tentative identification of a variety of non-target contaminants, divided into non-polar, medium-polar and polar fractions. The instrumental analysis revealed slightly different toxicological profiles for the water and sediment from both rivers, and confirmed the presence of various classes of organic contaminants, from non-polar hydrocarbons, to more polar compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and phenols. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticides were identified, but below toxicologically relevant concentrations. The results of bioanalyses on H4IIE and PLHC-1 cells indicated that cytotoxic potential was pronounced in Jegrička water and sediment samples, and CYP1A inducing potential was observed in both Krivaja and Jegrička sediment samples, although they did not reflect high levels of contamination. Based on the overall data, the sediments of the Krivaja and Jegrička rivers are a more toxicologically relevant matrix than the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Tubić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia.
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20
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Das MT, Budhraja V, Mishra M, Thakur IS. Toxicological evaluation of paper mill sewage sediment treated by indigenous dibenzofuran-degrading Pseudomonas sp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:71-78. [PMID: 22326333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants present in the pulp and paper mill sewage were extracted with dichloromethane/acetone (1:1v/v), and the extract was added to minimal salt medium to study the degrading and detoxifying potential of Pseudomonas sp. strain ISTDF1. GC-MS analysis performed after biodegradation showed removal of chlorinated compounds like dichloroacetic acid, heptadecyl ester (RT=28.99) and formation of simpler compounds like 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde (RT=7.52). Methyltetrazolium (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity, 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay for dioxin-like behaviour and alkaline comet assay for genotoxicity were carried out in human hepato-carcinoma cell line HuH7 before and after bacterial treatment. The bacterium reduced toxicity as shown by a 5-fold increase in LC(50) value, 2110-fold reduction in benzo (α) pyrene equivalent value and an 8-fold reduction in Olive Tail Moment after 240h treatment. The EROD assay was found to be a useful method which indicated positive correlation with MTT and comet assay in post-biodegradation toxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir Tanay Das
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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Schulze T, Magerl R, Streck G, Brack W. Use of factorial design for the multivariate optimization of polypropylene membranes for the cleanup of environmental samples using the accelerated membrane-assisted cleanup approach. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1225:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Kaisarevic S, Hilscherova K, Weber R, Sundqvist KL, Tysklind M, Voncina E, Bobic S, Andric N, Pogrmic-Majkic K, Vojinovic-Miloradov M, Giesy JP, Kovacevic R. Characterization of dioxin-like contamination in soil and sediments from the "hot spot" area of petrochemical plant in Pancevo (Serbia). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 18:677-686. [PMID: 21104203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-010-0418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Combinatorial bio/chemical approach was applied to investigate dioxin-like contamination of soil and sediment at the petrochemical and organochlorine plant in Pancevo, Serbia, after the destruction of manufacturing facilities that occurred in the spring of 1999 and subsequent remediation actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were analyzed for indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC/ECD). Prioritized soil sample and sediment samples from the waste water channel were analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Microethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (Micro-EROD) and H4IIE-luciferase bioassays were used for monitoring of dioxin-like compounds (DLC) and for better characterization of dioxin-like activity of soil samples. RESULTS Bioanalytical results indicated high dioxin-like activity in one localized soil sample, while the chemical analysis confirmed the presence of large quantities of DLC: 3.0 × 10(5) ng/g d.w. of seven-key PCBs, 8.2 ng/g d.w. of PCDD/Fs, and 3.0 × 10(5) ng/g d.w. of planar and mono-ortho PCBs. In the sediment, contaminant concentrations were in the range 2-8 ng/g d.w. of PCDD/Fs and 9-20 ng/g d.w. of PCBs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the utility of combined application of bioassays and instrumental analysis, especially for developing and transition country which do not have capacity of the expensive instrumental analysis. The results indicate the high contamination of soil in the area of petrochemical plant, and PCDD/Fs contamination of the sediment from the waste water channel originating from the ethylene dichloride production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kaisarevic
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology (LECOTOX), University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science, Trg D. Obradovica 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Lübcke-von Varel U, Machala M, Ciganek M, Neca J, Pencikova K, Palkova L, Vondracek J, Löffler I, Streck G, Reifferscheid G, Flückiger-Isler S, Weiss JM, Lamoree M, Brack W. Polar compounds dominate in vitro effects of sediment extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:2384-2390. [PMID: 21348526 DOI: 10.1021/es103381y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sediment extracts from three polluted sites of the river Elbe basin were fractionated using a novel online fractionation procedure. Resulting fractions were screened for mutagenic, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated, transthyretin (TTR)-binding, and estrogenic activities and their potency to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) to compare toxicity patterns and identify priority fractions. Additionally, more than 200 compounds and compound classes were identified using GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS, and HPLC-DAD methods. For all investigated end points, major activities were found in polar fractions, which are defined here as fractions containing dominantly compounds with at least one polar functional group. Nonpolar PAH fractions contributed to mutagenic and AhR-mediated activities while inhibition of GJIC and estrogenic and TTR-binding activities were exclusively observed in the polar fractions. Known mutagens in polar fractions included nitro- and dinitro-PAHs, azaarenes, and keto-PAHs, while parent and monomethylated PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzofluoranthenes were identified in nonpolar fractions. Additionally, for one sample, high AhR-mediated activities were determined in one fraction characterized by PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs. Estrone, 17β-estradiol, 9H-benz[de]anthracen-7-one, and 4-nonylphenol were identified as possible estrogenic and TTR-binding compounds. Thus, not only nonpolar compounds such as PAHs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs but also the less characterized and investigated more polar substances should be considered as potent mutagenic, estrogenic, AhR-inducing, TTR-binding, and GJIC-inhibiting components for future studies.
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Terzic S, Ahel M. Nontarget analysis of polar contaminants in freshwater sediments influenced by pharmaceutical industry using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:557-566. [PMID: 21056522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive analytical procedure for a reliable identification of nontarget polar contaminants in aquatic sediments was developed, based on the application of ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS). The procedure was applied for the analysis of freshwater sediment that was highly impacted by wastewater discharges from the pharmaceutical industry. A number of different contaminants were successfully identified owing to the high mass accuracy of the QTOFMS system, used in combination with high chromatographic resolution of UHPLC. The major compounds, identified in investigated sediment, included a series of polypropylene glycols (n=3-16), alkylbenzene sulfonate and benzalkonium surfactants as well as a number of various pharmaceuticals (chlorthalidone, warfarin, terbinafine, torsemide, zolpidem and macrolide antibiotics). The particular advantage of the applied technique is its capability to detect less known pharmaceutical intermediates and/or transformation products, which have not been previously reported in freshwater sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senka Terzic
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Wastewater canal Vojlovica, industrial complex Pancevo, Serbia: Preliminary ecotoxicological assessment of contaminated sediment. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc100505036p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effluents collected from the industrial complex of Pancevo, Serbia (oil
refinery, petrochemical plant, and fertilizer factory) are discharged into a
wastewater canal entering the Danube River. In this study, which was focused
on sediment assessment, a complex triad approach consisting of chemical
analysis, sediment toxicity tests and macrozoobenthos community analysis was
applied. In toxicity tests on sediment elutriates, the following responses
were registered - stimulatory effect in algal bioassay, no effect in acute
test with Daphnia magna, and low to moderate toxicity in the conventional
Vibrio fischeri test. Moderate to high toxicities were recorded in solid
phase tests on Myriophyllum aquaticum and V. fischeri. High content of Hg,
certain PAHs and noncharacterised sediment contaminants accumulated over
years contribute not only to the registered toxicity, but also to the
complete absence of macrozoobenthos. The obtained results proved that
regularly measured conventional and priority pollutants are hardly ever the
only toxic contaminants present in sediments. Toxicity tests, in particular
the contact test, might guide towards a better selection of parameters to be
regularly or occasionally monitored. In addition, complete sediment toxicity
tests proved to be an appropriate method for assessing the bioavailability of
the chemically detected contaminants. The analysis of the macrozoobenthos
composition and structure as inevitable part of sediment risk assessment
procedures integrates the effects of multiple stressors and gives a realistic
insight into not only sediment contamination by toxic pollutants, but also
the sediment status in general.
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Investigation of the bioremediation potential of aerobic zymogenous microorganisms in soil for crude oil biodegradation. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2011. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc100531033s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The bioremediation potential of the aerobic zymogenous microorganisms in soil
(Danube alluvium, Pancevo, Serbia) for crude oil biodegradation was
investigated. A mixture of paraffinic types of oils was used as the
substrate. The laboratory experiment of the simulated oil biodegradation
lasted 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. In parallel, an experiment with a control
sample was conducted. Extracts were isolated from the samples with chloroform
in a separation funnel. From these extracts, the hydrocarbons were isolated
by column chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS). n-Alkanes, isoprenoids, phenanthrene and its derivatives with one
and two methyl groups were quantitatively analyzed. The ability and
efficiency of zymogenous microorganisms in soil for crude oil bioremediation
was assessed by comparison between the composition of samples which were
exposed to the microorganisms and the control sample. The investigated
microorganisms showed the highest bioremediation potential in the
biodegradation of n-alkanes and isoprenoids. A considerably high
bioremediation potential was confirmed in the biodegradation of phenanthrene
and methyl phenanthrenes. Low bioremediation potential of these
microorganisms was proven in the case of polycyclic alkanes of the sterane
and triterpane types and dimethyl phenanthrenes.
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Simultaneous Screening and Chemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds Using LC-MS-Based Technologies (Affinity Chromatography). THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Brack W, Ulrich N, Bataineh M. Separation Techniques in Effect-Directed Analysis. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-18384-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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