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Murthy MK, Pattanayak R. Response to: Letter to the Editor: "Assessment of toxicity in the freshwater tadpole Polypedates maculatus exposed to silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles: A multi-biomarker approach". CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142336. [PMID: 38759807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Rojalin Pattanayak
- Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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Pérez-Iglesias JM, Natale GS, Brodeur JC, Larramendy ML. Realistic scenarios of pesticide exposure alters multiple biomarkers in BOANA PULCHELLA (ANURA) Adult Frogs. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:309-320. [PMID: 36928692 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Imazethapyr, a post-emergent herbicide used in worldwide soybean and corn crops, induces genetic and biochemical alterations in aquatic vertebrates. This study examined the relationship between biomarkers at different organization levels and imazethapyr real-life route exposure in Boana pulchella adults. Frogs were exposed to imazethapyr-based formulation Pivot® H (10.59%) at concentrations representing possible acute routes: field runoff (S1:10 mg.L-1), exposure after direct foliar application (S2:100 mg.L-1) and during direct foliar application (S3:1000 mg.L-1). Post-exposure, endpoints levels were evaluated: organism alterations, biochemical activities and cytogenetic assays. Forty-eight hours post-exposure, antioxidant enzymes decrease, micronuclei induction and DNA damage were observed in all scenarios, while cholinesterase activity increase and body condition reduction were observed in frog-exposed to S3. Ninety-six hours post-exposure, frogs showed glutathione-S-transferase inhibition in S1, micronuclei induction in S2 and S3, and DNA-damage increase in S3. Herbicides routes of exposures in real-life could indicate that authorized applications have a risk to amphibian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, B1900, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N°3 esq. 120, Lab. 17, La Plata, B1900, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, CONICET. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, San Luis, D5700, Argentina.
| | - G S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, B1900, Argentina
| | - J C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham (B1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N°3 esq. 120, Lab. 17, La Plata, B1900, Argentina
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Pérez-Iglesias JM, Fanali LZ, Franco-Belussi L, Natale GS, De Oliveira C, Brodeur JC, Larramendy ML. Multiple Level Effects of Imazethapyr on Leptodactylus latinasus (Anura) Adult Frogs. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:492-506. [PMID: 34406426 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Imazethapyr is an herbicide that is used in a variety of crops worldwide, including soybean and corn. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biomarkers responses of adult Leptodactylus latinasus exposed to the formulation Pivot® H (10.59% imazethapyr) in the laboratory at concentrations and under conditions that simulate two potential field exposure scenarios: an immersion in field runoff (Scenario 1: 10 mg/L) and a direct exposure to the droplets emitted by spray noozles (Scenario 2: 1000 mg/L). In both scenarios, the experimental procedure involved completely immersing the frogs over a period of 15 s. Different endpoints were evaluated at several ecotoxicological levels 48 and 96 h after the herbicide exposure. These included individual (biometric indices and behavior alterations), histological (liver pigments and lesions), biochemical (catalase, glutathione system and cholinesterase activities) and genotoxic effects (micronuclei induction and nuclear abnormalities). Forty-eight hours after imazethapyr exposure, frogs submitted to Scenario 1 presented an inhibition of liver glutathione-S-transferase activity, whereas histological alterations and increased hepatic cholinesterase levels were observed in frogs exposed under Scenario 2. Ninety-six hours after exposure to the imazethapyr formulation, frogs from the Scenario 1 treatment presented a decrease in liver melanin and hemosiderin, increased hepatic catalase activity and micronuclei induction. For their part, frogs exposed to Scenario 2 presented a decrease in the hepatosomatic index, an increase in liver alterations, melanin reduction and micronuclei induction. The multivariate analysis enables correlations to be made between biomarkers of different organizational level in exposed anurans. Our result indicates that real exposure to imazethapyr formulations under field conditions may pose a risk to Leptodactylus latinasus populations living in the agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química de San Luis, CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Ejército de los Andes 950, D5700BWS, San Luis, Argentina.
| | - L Z Fanali
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, IBILCE-UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - L Franco-Belussi
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, IBILCE-UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
| | - G S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 47 y 115, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C De Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, IBILCE-UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - J C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), CONICET, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), B1686 , Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
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Acquaroni M, Peluso J, Svartz G, Aronzon C, Pérez Coll C. Characterization of acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress of dimethoate in Rhinella arenarum larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41772-41779. [PMID: 33791959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a great concern worldwide about the global decline of amphibians, particularly by agrochemical pollution. The aim of this study was to assess oxidative stress and genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of the insecticide dimethoate in Rhinella arenarum larvae, using sublethal biomarkers. The 24- and 96-h LC50 values of dimethoate to R. arenarum were 48.81 and 38.86 mg L-1, while the 96-h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) value was 20 mg L-1. For sublethal biomarker assays, R. arenarum larvae were exposed to 1.25, 2.5, and 5% of the 96-h NOEC (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1 dimethoate, respectively). After 96 h of exposure, inhibition of catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were registered. Also, an increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in larvae exposed to the highest concentration (1 mg L-1). Lipid peroxidation by increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels in larvae exposed to 0.5 and 1 mg L-1 was detected. No differences in micronuclei frequency between treatments and negative control were observed. These results demonstrate the oxidative toxicity of dimethoate at sublethal concentrations in Rhinella arenarum larvae. The disruption of defense mechanisms may contribute to a deleterious impact on amphibian populations from habitats exposed to this organophosphorus insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Acquaroni
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Peluso
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Svartz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, IIIA, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia, 1650, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bahl MF, Brodeur JC, Costa CS, D'Andrea MF, Sansiñena JA, Marino DJ, Natale GS. Lethal and sublethal effects of the natural and healthy spinosad-based formulation Tracer™ on tadpoles of two neotropical species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13524-13535. [PMID: 33185796 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first acute toxicity data of the natural insecticide spinosad in amphibians. The sensitivity of two neotropical sympatric anuran species, Boana pulchella and Rhinella arenarum, to spinosad-based formulation Tracer™ was evaluated. Lethal effects are reported in tadpoles of B. pulchella stage 25 between 2.81 and 35.44 mg spinosad/L, while for the same concentration range no lethal effects were detected in tadpoles of R. arenarum of the same stage. In addition, Tracer™ produced sublethal effects at the individual level on the swimming activity, morphology (growth and presence of abnormalities), and development of B. pulchella from 2.81 to 5.78 mg spinosad/L, while in R. arenarum effects were only detected in the swimming activity and growth from 2.78 and 6.22 mg/L, respectively. At the biochemical level, Tracer™ produced inhibition of different enzymatic activities, among them, catalase activity at 2.81 mg spinosad/L, glutathione S- transferase activity from 2.81 to 2.98 mg spinosad/L, and acetylcholinesterase activity at 2.81 mg spinosad/L. These findings allow us to conclude that B. pulchella is more sensitive than R. arenarum to spinosad-based formulation Tracer™. The effects demonstrated here are not consistent with those expected since spinosad is supposed to be an environmental healthy alternative. This paper provides useful and necessary information to implement regulations on the use of new compounds entering the market and its associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Bahl
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie Céline Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Salgado Costa
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia D'Andrea
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Alejandra Sansiñena
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián José Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Sebastián Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIM), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Members of the "Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas" (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Robinson SA, Young SD, Brinovcar C, McFee A, De Silva AO. Ecotoxicity assessment and bioconcentration of a highly brominated organophosphate ester flame retardant in two amphibian species. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127631. [PMID: 32688321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Restrictions on the production and use of some highly toxic and persistent flame retardants has resulted in the increased use of alternative phosphate flame retardants that are less-well characterized. The brominated organophosphate ester flame retardant, tris(tribromoneopentyl) phosphate (CAS 19186-97-1, molecular formula C15H24Br9O4P, molecular weight 1018.47 g/mol, acronym TTBrNP) is a compound with potential to bioaccumulate and disrupt endocrine functions. To determine the toxicity of TTBrNP, two Canadian native amphibian species, Lithobates sylvaticus and L. pipiens, were acutely (embryos and Gosner stage 25 (GS25) tadpoles) or sub-chronically (GS25-41 tadpoles) exposed to the following nominal concentrations of TTBrNP: 0 (water and solvent controls), 30.6, 61.3, 122.5 and 245.0 μg/L. Note, measured concentrations declined with time (i.e., 118%-30% of nominal). There was high survival for both species after acute and sub-chronic exposures, where 75%-100% survived the exposures, respectively. There were no differences in the occurrence of abnormalities or hatchling size between controls and TTBrNP treatments for either species exposed acutely as embryos or tadpoles. Furthermore, after 30 d of sub-chronic exposure of L. pipiens tadpoles to TTBrNP there were no effects on size, developmental stage, liver somatic index or sex ratio. Bioconcentration factors were low at 26 ± 3.1 L/kg ww in tadpoles from all treatments, suggesting biotransformation or limited bioavailability via aquatic exposures. Thus, using two species of anurans at different early larval stages, we found TTBrNP up to 245 μg/L to have no overt detrimental effects on survival or morphological responses that would suggest fitness-relevant consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Robinson
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Sarah D Young
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Science Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0H3, Canada.
| | - Cassandra Brinovcar
- Aquatics Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Ashley McFee
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatics Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada.
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Svartz G, Aronzon C, Pérez Catán S, Soloneski S, Pérez Coll C. Oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles after acute exposure to Ni-Al nanoceramics. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103508. [PMID: 33011327 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The employ of nanomaterials (NMs) has exponentially grown due to the large number of technological advances in industrial, pharmaceutical and medical areas. That is the case of alumina (Al) nanoparticles which are extensively employed as support in heterogeneous catalysis processes. However, these NMs can cause great toxicity because of their ubiquitous properties, such as extremely small size and high specific surface area. So, it is required to assess the potential deleterious effects of these NMs on living organisms. In the present study, we analyze the oxidative stress and genotoxic potential of a nanoceramic catalyst Ni/<gamma>-Al2O3 (NC) and the NMs involved in their synthesis, <gamma>-Al2O3 support (SPC) and NiO/<gamma>-Al2O3 precursor (PC) on Rhinella arenarum larvae. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and genotoxic damage were measured in tadpoles exposed to 5 and 25 mg/L of each NMs for 96 h. The results indicated an inhibition of catalase activity in tadpoles exposed to both concentrations of PC and to 25 mg/L of SPC and NC. Moreover, both exposure concentrations of PC and NC significantly inhibited superoxide dismutase activity. Exposure to the three NMs caused inhibition of glutathione S-transferase activity, but there were no significant variations in reduced glutathione levels. Oxidative stress damage (lipid peroxidation) was observed in tadpoles treated with 25 mg/L PC, while the other treatments did not produce alterations. The MNs frequency significantly increased in larvae exposed to 25 mg/L PC indicating irreversible genotoxic damage. The results show that these NMs exert genotoxic effects and antioxidant defense system disruption in R. arenarum larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Svartz
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia (C1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina Aronzon
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia (C1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | | | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cristina Pérez Coll
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, CONICET, 3iA, Campus Miguelete, 25 de mayo y Francia (C1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Olguín-Jacobson C, Pitt KA, Carroll AR, Melvin SD. Polyps of the Jellyfish Aurelia aurita Are Unaffected by Chronic Exposure to a Combination of Pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1685-1692. [PMID: 32418248 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a major contaminant in coastal waters and can cause adverse effects in marine invertebrates such as jellyfish. Most studies have investigated short-term responses of organisms to unrealistically high concentrations of pesticides; however, chronic exposure to persistent low concentrations, which are more likely to occur in the environment, are rarely analyzed. We tested the response of polyps of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita to environmental concentrations of the herbicide atrazine and the insecticide chlorpyrifos, individually and in combination, over 9 wk. We hypothesized that exposure to individual pesticides would reduce rates of asexual reproduction and alter polyps' metabolite profiles, and that the results would be more severe when polyps were exposed to the combined pesticides. Polyps survived and reproduced (through budding) in all treatments, and no differences among treatments were observed. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed no difference in profiles of polar metabolites of polyps exposed to the individual or combined pesticides. Our results suggest that A. aurita polyps are unaffected by chronic exposure to atrazine and chlorpyrifos at concentrations recommended as being protective by current Australian water quality guidelines. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1685-1692. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Olguín-Jacobson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie A Pitt
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony R Carroll
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steve D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
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Ruiz de Arcaute C, Brodeur JC, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Toxicity to Rhinella arenarum tadpoles (Anura, Bufonidae) of herbicide mixtures commonly used to treat fallow containing resistant weeds: glyphosate-dicamba and glyphosate-flurochloridone. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125623. [PMID: 31855759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY)-dicamba (DIC) and GLY-flurochloridone (FLC) are herbicide mixtures which are widely used for treating fallow containing glyphosate resistant weeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxic effects and the prevailing interactions on stage 36 tadpoles of the anuran species Rhinella arenarum when exposed to equitoxic and non-equitoxic combinations of these herbicide combinations. Experiments were realized using the following combinations of commercial formulations: 48% GLY-based Credit® + 57.71% DIC-based Banvel® and 48% GLY-based Credit® + 25% FLC-based Twin Pack Gold®. GLY-DIC and GLY-FLC equitoxic mixtures were assayed mixing each constituent with an equivalent individual toxicity able to induce the same lethality effect. After 96 h of exposure, GLY-DIC and GLY-FLC equitoxic mixtures presented toxic unit 50 values (TU50 96h) of 1.74 (confidence interval: 1.58-1.92) and 1.54 (confidence interval: 1.46-1.62) respectively, indicating the presence of a weak antagonistic interaction as TU values were greater than 1. For their part, most non-equitoxic combinations of GLY-DIC and GLY-FLC tested did not significantly differ from additivity, the only exception being when DIC and FLC were fixed at 0.33 TUs, where a weak antagonism was observed. Overall, results indicate that the toxicity of both GLY-DIC and GLY-FLC mixtures to R. arenarum tadpoles vary from additive to slightly antagonistic, depending on the proportion of constituting herbicide formulations present in the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pérez-Iglesias JM, Brodeur JC, Larramendy ML. An imazethapyr-based herbicide formulation induces genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects in Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles (Anura: Leptodactylidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2131-2143. [PMID: 31773531 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic, biochemical, and individual organizational effects on Leptodactylus latinasus tadpoles were evaluated after exposure to an imazethapyr (IMZT)-based commercial herbicide formulation, Pivot® H (10.59% IMZT). A determination of the value of the lethal concentration (LC50) was determined as a toxicological endpoint. Alterations in animal behavior and morphological abnormalities as well as cholinesterase (ChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were employed as individual sublethal endpoints. Micronuclei frequencies (MNs), binucleated cells (BNs), blebbed nuclei (BLs), lobed nuclei (LBs), notched nuclei (NTs), erythroplastids (EPs), and evaluation of DNA strand breaks were employed as genotoxic endpoints. All biomarkers were evaluated after 48 and 96 h of exposure to concentrations of IMZT within 0.07-4.89 mg/L. LC5096h values of 1.01 and 0.29 mg/L IMZT were obtained for Gosner stages 25 and 36, respectively. Irregular swimming, diamond body shape, and decreased frequency of keratodonts were detected at both sampling times. Results showed that IMZT increased GST activity and MN frequency at 48 and 96 h of exposure. Other nuclear abnormalities were also observed in the circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles, i.e., NT and BL values after 48 h, and LN, BL, and EP values after 96 h. Finally, results showed that IMZT within 0.07-0.22 mg/L increased the genetic damage index in tadpoles exposed for both exposure times (48 and 96 h). This study is the first to report the sublethal biochemical effects of IMZT in anurans and is also the first report using L. latinasus tadpoles as a bioindicator for ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julie C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Lajmanovich RC, Peltzer PM, Attademo AM, Martinuzzi CS, Simoniello MF, Colussi CL, Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Sigrist M. First evaluation of novel potential synergistic effects of glyphosate and arsenic mixture on Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02601. [PMID: 31687490 PMCID: PMC6820099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and arsenite (As(III)) as individual toxicants and in mixture (50:50 v/v, GBH-As(III)) was determined in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles during acute (48 h) and chronic assays (22 days). In both types of assays, the levels of enzymatic activity [Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Carboxylesterase (CbE), and Glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and the levels of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine; T3 and thyroxine; T4) were examined. Additionally, the mitotic index (MI) of red blood cells (RBCs) and DNA damage index were calculated for the chronic assay. The results showed that the LC50 values at 48 h were 45.95 mg/L for GBH, 37.32 mg/L for As(III), and 30.31 mg/L for GBH-As(III) (with similar NOEC = 10 mg/L and LOEC = 20 mg/L between the three treatments). In the acute assay, Marking's additive index (S = 2.72) indicated synergistic toxicity for GBH-As(III). In larvae treated with GBH and As(III) at the NOEC-48h (10 mg/L), AChE activity increased by 36.25% and 33.05% respectively, CbE activity increased by 22.25% and 39.05 % respectively, and GST activity increased by 46.75% with the individual treatment with GBH and by 131.65 % with the GBH-As(III) mixture. Larvae exposed to the GBH-As(III) mixture also showed increased levels of T4 (25.67 %). In the chronic assay at NOEC-48h/8 (1.25 mg/L), As(III) and GBH-As(III) inhibited AChE activity (by 39.46 % and 35.65%, respectively), but did not alter CbE activity. In addition, As(III) highly increased (93.7 %) GST activity. GBH-As(III) increased T3 (97.34%) and T4 (540.93%) levels. Finally, GBH-As(III) increased the MI of RBCs and DNA damage. This study demonstrated strong synergistic toxicity of the GBH-As(III) mixture, negatively altering antioxidant systems and thyroid hormone levels, with consequences on RBC proliferation and DNA damage in treated R. arenarum tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C. Lajmanovich
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Paola M. Peltzer
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Andrés M. Attademo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Candela S. Martinuzzi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - María F. Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlina L. Colussi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Ana P. Cuzziol Boccioni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FBCB-UNL), Casilla de Correo 242, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Mirna Sigrist
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, FIQ-UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina
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12
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Pollo F, Bionda C, Otero M, Grenat P, Babini S, Flores P, Grisolia M, Salas N, Martino A. Morphological abnormalities in natural populations of the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum inhabiting fluoride-rich environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 177:32-38. [PMID: 30959310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Morphological abnormalities in amphibians may be attributed to contaminants, ultraviolet radiation and trematode parasites, or a synergistic effect between them. In the present study, morphological abnormalities in Rhinella arenarum adults from natural and artificial fluoride-rich environments were identified and evaluated. Three sites were sampled in central Argentina: Los Vallecitos stream (LF-LV), Los Cerros Negros stream (MF-CN), and Decantation ponds (HF-DP), with low (0.33 mg/L), middle (2.03 mg/L) and high (14.0 mg/L) fluoride levels respectively; the latter site is associated with a fluoride mine. Abnormal individuals were photographed and then standard radiographs were taken. Abnormality frequencies and relative percentage of abnormal individuals were calculated for each site. In addition, skeletochronology was used to estimate toad's age. Five abnormality types were identified: syndactyly, ectrodactyly, polydactyly, microphthalmia and ectromelia. Percentages of abnormal individuals per site were: LF-LV = 4%, MF-CN = 21.2% and HF-DP = 6.4%. The MF-CN and HF-DP populations had morphological abnormality frequencies that exceeded the reference value (5%) reported in the literature. The average age did not differ between sites. The results of this study indicate that there is an association between frequency of morphological abnormalities and high fluoride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favio Pollo
- Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research CONICET Fellowships, Argentina
| | - Clarisa Bionda
- Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research CONICET Fellowships, Argentina
| | - Manuel Otero
- Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research CONICET Fellowships, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Grenat
- Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research CONICET Fellowships, Argentina
| | - Selene Babini
- Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research CONICET Fellowships, Argentina
| | - Patricia Flores
- Radiología Veterinaria Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, UNRC, ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta Grisolia
- Radiología Veterinaria Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, UNRC, ruta 36 km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nancy Salas
- Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
| | - Adolfo Martino
- Ecología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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13
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Carvalho WF, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Pérez-Iglesias JM, Laborde MRR, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. DNA damage exerted by mixtures of commercial formulations of glyphosate and imazethapyr herbicides in Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:367-377. [PMID: 30826955 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) and imazethapyr (IMZT) are two herbicides commonly used worldwide, either alone or in mixtures. They represent key pesticides in modern agricultural management. The toxicity that results when employed as mixtures has not been characterized so far. Acute toxicity of the 48% GLY-based herbicide (GBH) Credit® and the 10.59% IMZT-based herbicide (IBH) Pivot® H alone and their binary combinations was analyzed in Rhinella arenarum tadpoles exposed in a semi-static renewal test. Lethal effects were determined using mortality as the end-point, whereas sublethal effects were determined employing the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) bioassay. Based on mortality experiments, results revealed LC5096 h values of 78.18 mg/L GBH and 0.99 mg/L IBH for Credit® and Pivot® H, respectively. An increase in the genetic damage index (GDI) was found after exposure to Credit® or Pivot® H at 5 and 10% of LC5096 h values. The combinations of 5% Credit®-5% Pivot® H LC5096 h and 10% Credit®-10% Pivot® H LC5096 h concentrations significantly enhanced the GDI in comparison with tadpoles exposed only to Credit® or Pivot® H. Thus, the effect of interaction between GBH and IBH inducing DNA damage in R. arenarum blood cells can be considered to be synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa F Carvalho
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milagros R R Laborde
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, La Plata, 1900, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Benvindo-Souza M, Borges RE, Pacheco SM, Santos LRDS. Genotoxicological analyses of insectivorous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in central Brazil: The oral epithelium as an indicator of environmental quality. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:504-509. [PMID: 30458380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The micronucleus (MN) test of the human buccal mucosa was developed more than 30 years ago, although this technique has only recently been applied to wild mammals. This paper presents a pioneering study in the genotoxicological evaluation of the exfoliated cells of the buccal mucosa of bats. The assay was applied to two insectivorous bat species (Noctilio albiventris and Pteronotus parnellii) sampled in riparian corridors located in the city of Palmas (capital of the Brazilian state of Tocantins), with the results being compared with those obtained for a third insectivorous species (Nyctinomops laticaudatus), which has established a colony under a road bridge in the same region. This colony represents one of the largest molossidae populations ever recorded in Brazil. A significantly higher frequency of micronuclei was recorded in this colony, as well as a number of other nuclear abnormalities, including binucleated cells, cells with condensed chromatin and karyolysis, in comparison with the bats from the riparian corridors, indicating that the bats from the bridge colony are more susceptible to genotoxic damage. Thus, it is demonstrated the importance of the biomarker (MN) for use in wild animals and allows to conclude that colony bats are more susceptible to genotoxic damages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susi Missel Pacheco
- Research Department, Institute Sauver and PCMBrazil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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15
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Ma Y, Li B, Ke Y, Zhang Y. Effects of low doses Trichlorfon exposure on Rana chensinensis tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:30-36. [PMID: 30240524 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is an organophosphate insecticide widely used in aquaculture and agriculture. Little is known about the effects of long-term of low doses trichlorfon exposure on amphibians. In this study, we investigated the effects of low doses trichlorfon on Rana chensinensis tadpoles after exposure to 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon for 2 and 4 weeks. Survival, growth, development and mortality were monitored regularly over the course of exposure. The results showed that trichlorfon led to a decrease in tadpole survival. Reductions in growth and disruptions to the development of tadpoles were observed in trichlorfon treatments. Morphological abnormalities of affected tadpoles included axial flexures, skeletal malformations and lateral kinks. Trichlorfon increased the frequency of micronucleus (MN) formation in circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles exposed for 2 weeks to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon. At all concentrations, an enhanced frequency of MN formation was observed in tadpoles exposed for 4 weeks. Exposure to trichlorfon induced other nuclear abnormalities such as lobed and notched nuclei only in tadpoles exposed to 1.0 mg/L trichlorfon for 4 weeks. In addition, exposure to trichlorfon within the 0.01-1.0 mg/L range increased the genetic damage index in hepatic tissues in all treatments. Apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation in hepatic tissues occurred in a weak ladder-like pattern. This study presents evidence of low doses trichlorfon effects on amphibians, highlighting the properties of this organophosphate insecticide that jeopardize nontarget species exposed to trichlorfon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Ke
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - YuHui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Borges RE, de Souza Santos LR, Assis RA, Benvindo-Souza M, Franco-Belussi L, de Oliveira C. Monitoring the morphological integrity of neotropical anurans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2623-2634. [PMID: 30474816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are considered to be excellent bioindicators to their morphophysiological characteristics and life cycle. In this context, the present study investigated the morphological integrity of anuran larvae collected in preserved environments in the Emas National Park, in the municipality of Mineiros (Goiás state, Brazil), and in environments representative of the agricultural matrix of the Rio Verde region, also in Goiás, where there is a long history of the use of agricultural pesticides. Samples of water from temporary ponds, permanent dams, and veredas were analyzed for the presence of pesticides and, especially atrazine (5350 μg/L), found at significantly higher concentrations in the agricultural matrix. We observed a high percentage (approximately 10%) of morphological malformations including alterations of the fins in Boana albopunctatus and Scinax fuscovarius; alteration in oral structures in B. albopunctatus, Dematonotus muelleri, Physalaemus centralis, Physalaemus cuvieri, and Leptodactylus fuscus mainly in the tadpoles collected in the agricultural environment in comparison with those from the protected area (3.5%; P < 0.0001, χ2 31.75). However, changes in the eyes, mouth, intestines, and nostrils, as well as amelia were observed only in the agricultural environment. The vast majority of the observed malformations were associated with the tail and oral disc, which suggests that these anatomical parameters may be used as sensitive morphological biomarkers. Given these findings, we reinforce that areas of agricultural land may have a deleterious effect on the morphological integrity of the tadpoles and consequently, on their development, and that these features may be used as indicators of environmental quality and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinneu Elias Borges
- Department of Biology, Universidade de Rio Verde, UniRV, Fazenda Fontes do Saber, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil.
| | - Lia Raquel de Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Rhayane Alves Assis
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelino Benvindo-Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, Instituto Federal Goiano, IF Goiano, campus Rio Verde, Rodovia Sul Goiana, Km 01, Zona Rural, Rio Verde, GO, CEP 75.901-970, Brazil
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista -Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, campus São José do Rio Preto, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15.054-000, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, CEP 79002970, Brazil
| | - Classius de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista -Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, campus São José do Rio Preto, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15.054-000, Brazil
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17
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Babini MS, de Lourdes Bionda C, Salinas ZA, Salas NE, Martino AL. Reproductive endpoints of Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae): Populations that persist in agroecosystems and their use for the environmental health assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 154:294-301. [PMID: 29477919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of the environment by agriculture affects the persistence and health of the amphibian populations. Characteristics related to reproduction of anuran can be used to evaluate the status of populations and as endpoints in environmental health assessment. In this in situ study the aspects related to the amplexus and ovipositions of the bioindicator species Rhinella arenarum that inhabits agroecosystems were analyzed. The hypothesis of this study is that perturbations of agroecosystems have a negative impact on the size of reproductive adults, on the size of ovipositions and eggs, and on the survival of eggs and embryos. Study area is located in the rural landscape of central Argentina. Four sampling sites were selected: C1, C2 and C3 are ponds on agroecosystems; and SM is a reference site that is not affected by agriculture or livestock. Abundance of amplexus pairs, oviposition and tadpoles per site was recorded. Individuals´ snout-vent length (SVL) in amplexus was measured. The fecundity was calculated like number of eggs per oviposition. The eggs' Gosner stage, the diameter eggs and the frequency of dead and abnormal eggs were recorded by oviposition. Killing-power between egg-embryo and egg-tadpole was calculated. The higher phosphate concentration was detected in all agroecosystems and nitrate was detected in C1 and C2. Conductivity, salinity and SDT were higher in C1 site Male SVL from the SM site was lower than the other sites while the largest SVL was of female from the C3 site. The higher frequencies of sprouted eggs and of dead eggs were recorded in the C2 site. Egg diameter was associated with SM and correlated negatively to SVL of the male and female. No correlation between female SVL and oviposition size was recorded. Killing-power in the passage from egg to tadpole classes was higher in the three agroecosystems. The hypothesis of this study was corroborated in part. Reproductive adults in agroecosystems did not have smaller body size. However, in the agroecosystem ponds, the eggs with smaller diameter were registered, the oviposition had higher frequency of abnormal eggs and the higher mortality was registered. This confirms the high sensitivity of the early stages to environmental disturbances and sustains their use as endpoints for the environmental health assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Selene Babini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Clarisa de Lourdes Bionda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Zulma Anahí Salinas
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Nancy Edith Salas
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adolfo Ludovico Martino
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N° 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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18
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Fanali LZ, Franco-Belussi L, Bonini-Domingos CR, de Oliveira C. Effects of benzo[a]pyrene on the blood and liver of Physalaemus cuvieri and Leptodactylus fuscus (Anura: Leptodactylidae). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 237:93-102. [PMID: 29477119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a bio-accumulative toxic compound found in the atmosphere, water, and soil that may affect the life cycle of amphibians. In this study, a few contamination biomarkers, such as hepatic melanomacrophages (MMs), mast cells, erythrocyte micronuclei (MN) and white blood cells were used to determine how BaP acts in these cells in the anurans Physalaemus cuvieri and Leptodactylus fuscus. Animals of both species were divided into three treatment groups: 1 day, 7 days and 13 days, subcutaneously injected 2 mg/kg BaP diluted in mineral oil and control group with only mineral oil. After 7 days, BaP caused the frequency of MN to increase in both species while reducing melanin area. The micronucleus frequency increased due to the genotoxicity of BaP, while the decreasing melanin area may be related to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity, an enzyme responsible for regulating melanogenesis, decreasing the synthesis of melanin. The mast cell density increased in all groups and in both species as a response to the inflammatory action of BaP. These cells respond to nonspecific inflammatory effects leading, therefore, to this response in all treatments. The percentage of leukocytes remained unchanged probably due to great intraspecific variability. Additionally, the leukocyte profiles of both species were characterized and the differences were attributed to extrinsic factors. In short, BaP can affect the integrity of several organs and tissues, and cell functions leading to the conclusion that this compound is hepatotoxic, genotoxic and immunotoxic for anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Zácari Fanali
- Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Franco-Belussi
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental monitoring, CCTS, Federal University of São Carlos, 18052-780, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Classius de Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 15054-000, Brazil
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Wrubleswski J, Reichert FW, Galon L, Hartmann PA, Hartmann MT. Acute and chronic toxicity of pesticides on tadpoles of Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura, Leptodactylidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:360-368. [PMID: 29397473 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is the largest consumer of pesticides in the world. However, knowledge on how these pesticides affect wildlife is scarce. Among the vertebrates, amphibians are particularly important in research to assess the impact of pesticides because of the correlation between pesticide and the decline of these species. This study aimed to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of commercial formulations of pesticides, i.e., atrazine (herbicide), cypermethrin (insecticide), and tebuconazole (fungicide) in Physalaemus cuvieri tadpoles. Eggs were collected in nature and cultivated under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Toxicity tests were carried out under standard conditions to determine the lethal concentration (LC50) after 96 h of exposure and to determine the effect of sublethal concentrations after 7 days. In addition, we performed swimming activity tests on tadpoles exposed to sublethal concentrations. The lethal concentration (LC50) was 19.69 mg/L for atrazine, 0.24 mg/L for cypermethrin and 0.98 mg/L for tebuconazole. In the acute test, atrazine showed lower toxicity than cypermethrin and tebuconazole for P. cuvieri. Swimming activity was affected at sublethal doses of atrazine and cypermethrin, but was not after exposure to tebuconazole. Cypermethrin was the insecticide that most altered the swimming activity of the individuals tested. The risk evaluation analysis indicated risks for tadpoles exposed to three tested pesticides, specially cypermethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leandro Galon
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Erechim, Brazil. ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Afonso Hartmann
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Erechim, Brazil. ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - Marilia Teresinha Hartmann
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Campus Erechim, Brazil. ERS 135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
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20
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de L. Bionda C, Babini S, Martino AL, Salas NE, Lajmanovich RC. Impact assessment of agriculture and livestock over age, longevity and growth of populations of common toad Rhinella arenarum (anura: Bufonidae), central area of Argentina. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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21
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Natale GS, Vera-Candioti J, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML, Ronco AE. Lethal and sublethal effects of the pirimicarb-based formulation Aficida ® on Boana pulchella (Duméril and Bibron, 1841) tadpoles (Anura, Hylidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:471-479. [PMID: 28903092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute lethal and sublethal toxicity of the pirimicarb-based commercial formulation Aficida® were evaluated on Boana pulchella tadpoles. Whereas mortality was used as end point for lethality, frequency of micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities as well as alterations in the frequency of erythroblasts in circulating blood as biomarkers for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Swimming, growth, developmental and morphological abnormalities were also employed as sublethal end points. Results show that the species is within the 13th percentile of the distribution of acute sensitivity of species to pirimicarb for aquatic vertebrates. Results revealed values of 23.78 and 101.45mg/L pirimicarb as LC5096h for GS25 and GS36 tadpoles, respectively. The most evident effects were related with the swimming activity with NOEC and LOEC values within the 0.005-0.39mg/L pirimicarb concentration range. Aficida® induced DNA damage at the chromosomal level by increasing micronuclei frequency and other nuclear abnormalities, i.e., lobbed and notched nuclei and binucleated cells. Cellular cytotoxicity was found after Aficida® treatment. The presence of abdominal oedemas in exposed organisms and thus flotation response of organisms could be proposed as a new sensitive exposure parameter. The multiple end point assessment approach used allowed a complete understanding the multi level of effects occurring by exposure to pirimicarb, at least in B. pulchella.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - J Vera-Candioti
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - A E Ronco
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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22
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Pollo FE, Grenat PR, Otero MA, Salas NE, Martino AL. Assessment in situ of genotoxicity in tadpoles and adults of frog Hypsiboas cordobae (Barrio 1965) inhabiting aquatic ecosystems associated to fluorite mine. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:466-474. [PMID: 27522316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-lethal biological techniques such as blood biomarkers have gained attention due to their value as early signals of anthropic effects of contamination representing significant tools to evaluate ecosystems health. We evaluate and characterize in situ genotoxicity of water samples collected from aquatic ecosystems around a fluorite mine using amphibian frogs Hypsiboas cordobae as bioindicator species complemented with 16 physicochemical parameters. Four stations associated with fluorite mine sampling were sampled: a stream running on granitic rock with natural high fluorite content; two streams both running on metamorphic rock with low fluorite content; and an artificial decantation pond containing sediments produced by fluorite flotation process with high variation in physicochemical parameters. We analyses the blood of tadpoles and adults of H. Cordobae, calculated frequencies of micronuclei, erythrocyte nuclear abnormalities, mitosis, immature and enucleated erythrocytes. Individuals were measured and weighed and body condition was calculated. The results of this study indicate that individuals of decantation pond are exposed to compounds or mixtures which are causing cell damage when compared to those that were collected of stream. Larval stage was more vulnerable than the adult phase and it could be related mainly to the higher exposure time to xenobiotics, which can penetrate easily by skin, mouth and gills; additionally this site offers a reduced availability of food than other sites. Therefore, chronic exposure to pollutants could derive in degenerative and neoplastic diseases in target organs. Moreover these individuals may experience reproductive and behavioral disturbances which could lead to population decline in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favio E Pollo
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta 36km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Pablo R Grenat
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta 36km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Manuel A Otero
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta 36km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Nancy E Salas
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta 36km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adolfo L Martino
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta 36km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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23
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Soloneski S, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Larramendy ML. Genotoxic effect of a binary mixture of dicamba- and glyphosate-based commercial herbicide formulations on Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) (Anura, Bufonidae) late-stage larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17811-21. [PMID: 27250090 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of two herbicide formulations, namely, the 57.71 % dicamba (DIC)-based Banvel(®) and the 48 % glyphosate (GLY)-based Credit(®), alone as well as the binary mixture of these herbicides was evaluated on late-stage Rhinella arenarum larvae (stage 36) exposed under laboratory conditions. Mortality was used as an endpoint for determining acute lethal effects, whereas the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay was employed as genotoxic endpoint to study sublethal effects. Lethality studies revealed LC5096 h values of 358.44 and 78.18 mg L(-1) DIC and GLY for Banvel(®) and Credit(®), respectively. SCGE assay revealed, after exposure for 96 h to either 5 and 10 % of the Banvel(®) LC5096 h concentration or 5 and 10 % of the Credit(®) LC5096 h concentration, an equal significant increase of the genetic damage index (GDI) regardless of the concentration of the herbicide assayed. The binary mixtures of 5 % Banvel(®) plus 5 % Credit(®) LC5096 h concentrations and 10 % Banvel(®) plus 10 % Credit(®) LC5096 h concentrations induced equivalent significant increases in the GDI in regard to GDI values from late-stage larvae exposed only to Banvel(®) or Credit(®). This study represents the first experimental evidence of acute lethal and sublethal effects exerted by DIC on the species, as well as the induction of primary DNA breaks by this herbicide in amphibians. Finally, a synergistic effect of the mixture of GLY and DIC on the induction of primary DNA breaks on circulating blood cells of R. arenarum late-stage larvae could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nro. 3 (esq. 120), B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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24
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Babini MS, Bionda CDL, Salas NE, Martino AL. Adverse effect of agroecosystem pond water on biological endpoints of common toad (Rhinella arenarum) tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:459. [PMID: 27395360 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical prroducts used in farming and wastes from livestock can contaminate pond water in agroecosystems due to runoff. Amphibians using these ponds for breeding are probably exposed to pollutants, and serious consequences might be observed afterward at the population level. Assessment biological endpoints of anuran to water quality give a realistic estimate of the probability of occurrence of adverse effects and provide an early warning signal. In this study, the ecotoxicity of agroecosystem ponds from the south of Córdoba province, Argentina, was investigated. Ponds in four sites with different degrees of human disturbance were selected: three agroecosystems (A1, A2, A3) and a site without crops or livestock (SM). The effect of pond water quality on the biological endpoint of Rhinella arenarum tadpoles was examined using microcosms with pond water from sites. Biological endpoints assessed were as follows: mortality, growth, development, morphological abnormalities (in body shape, gut, and labial tooth row formula), behavior, and blood cell parameters (micronucleus and nuclear abnormalities). Results indicated that water from agroecosystems has adverse effect on early life stage of R. arenarum. High mortality and fewer metamorphs were recorded in the A1 and A3 treatments. Tadpoles and metamorphs from A1 and A2 treatments had lower body condition. Tadpoles from A1 and A3 showed the highest prevalence of morphological abnormalities. The lowest amount of tadpoles feeding and the highest percentage of tadpoles swimming on the surface were observed in treatments with agroecosystem pond water. The higher frequencies of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities were recorded in tadpoles from A1, A2, and A3 treatments. We check the sensitivity of the biological endpoints of R. arenarum tadpoles like early warning indicators of water quality. We found that the poor water quality of agroecosystem ponds has impact on the health of the tadpoles, and this could affect the persistence of populations. We recommend implementation of management actions before the harmful effects of agroecosystem pond water on early life stage of anuran become evident in higher ecological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Selene Babini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional No. 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Clarisa de Lourdes Bionda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional No. 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nancy Edith Salas
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional No. 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adolfo Ludovico Martino
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional No. 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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25
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Pérez-Iglesias JM, Soloneski S, Nikoloff N, Natale GS, Larramendy ML. Toxic and genotoxic effects of the imazethapyr-based herbicide formulation Pivot H® on montevideo tree frog Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpoles (Anura, Hylidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 119:15-24. [PMID: 25966333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute lethal and sublethal toxicity of the imidazolinone imazethapyr (IMZT)-based commercial formulation herbicide Pivot H® (10.59% IMZT) was evaluated on Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpoles. Whereas mortality was used as the end point for lethality, frequency of micronuclei (MNs) and other nuclear abnormalities as well as DNA single-strand breaks evaluated by the single cell gel electrophoresis assay were employed to test genotoxicity. Behavioral, growth, developmental, and morphological abnormalities were also employed as sublethal end points. Mortality studies revealed equivalent LC50 (96h) values of 1.49mg/L (confidence limit, 1.09-1.63) and 1.55mg/L (confidence limit, 1.51-1.60) IMZT for Gosner stage (GS) 25 and GS36, respectively. Behavioral changes, i.e., irregular swimming and immobility, as well as a decreased frequency of keratodonts were observed. The herbicide increased the frequency of MNs in circulating erythrocytes of tadpoles exposed for 48h to the highest concentration assayed (1.17mg/L). However, regardless of the concentration of the herbicide assayed, an enhanced frequency of MNs was observed in tadpoles exposed for 96h. The herbicide was able to induce other nuclear abnormalities, i.e., blebbed and notched nuclei, only when tadpoles were exposed for 96h. In addition, we observed that exposure to IMZT within the 0.39-1.17mg/L range increased the genetic damage index in treatments lasting for both 48 and 96h. This study represents the first evidence of acute lethal and sublethal effects exerted by IMZT on amphibians. Finally, our findings highlight the properties of this herbicide that jeopardize nontarget living species exposed to IMZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Nikoloff
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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26
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Passaglia Schuch A, Dos Santos MB, Mendes Lipinski V, Vaz Peres L, Dos Santos CP, Zanini Cechin S, Jorge Schuch N, Kirsh Pinheiro D, da Silva Loreto EL. Identification of influential events concerning the Antarctic ozone hole over southern Brazil and the biological effects induced by UVB and UVA radiation in an endemic treefrog species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 118:190-198. [PMID: 25957080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) due to ozone depletion has been affecting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and it may help to explain the enigmatic decline of amphibian populations in specific localities. In this work, influential events concerning the Antarctic ozone hole were identified in a dataset containing 35 years of ozone measurements over southern Brazil. The effects of environmental doses of UVB and UVA radiation were addressed on the morphology and development of Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpole (Anura: Hylidae), as well as on the induction of malformation after the conclusion of metamorphosis. These analyzes were complemented by the detection of micronucleus formation in blood cells. 72 ozone depletion events were identified from 1979 to 2013. Surprisingly, their yearly frequency increased three-fold during the last 17 years. The results clearly show that H. pulchellus tadpole are much more sensitive to UVB than UVA light, which reduces their survival and developmental rates. Additionally, the rates of micronucleus formation by UVB were considerably higher compared to UVA even after the activation of photolyases enzymes by a further photoreactivation treatment. Consequently, a higher occurrence of malformation was observed in UVB-irradiated individuals. These results demonstrate the severe genotoxic impact of UVB radiation on this treefrog species and its importance for further studies aimed to assess the impact of the increased levels of solar UVB radiation on declining species of the Hylidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Passaglia Schuch
- Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Vaz Peres
- Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nelson Jorge Schuch
- Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Damaris Kirsh Pinheiro
- Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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27
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Babini MS, Bionda CDL, Salas NE, Martino AL. Health status of tadpoles and metamorphs of Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) that inhabit agroecosystems and its implications for land use. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 118:118-125. [PMID: 25919343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations of water bodies near agricultural and livestock systems can affect embryonic and larval stages of anurans and negatively impact adult populations and structure of amphibian communities. This study is focused on early development of Rhinella arenarum, for which body growth, abnormalities in the oral disc and genetic damage on erythrocytes were analyzed to establish the impact of agroecosystems on local populations of amphibians. Tadpoles and metamorphs of R. arenarum were collected in three agroecosystems (namely, C1, C2, and C3) and in a site without agricultural and livestock activities (SM) from central Argentina. Egg masses of C1 were extracted for breeding tadpoles under laboratory conditions (Lab). Tadpoles were in small size and lighter in weight in C1 and C2. Metamorphs were shorter and lighter in weight in C1 and C3. In SM and Lab samples, no tadpoles with abnormal LTRF (labial tooth row formula) or without labial teeth were observed. In C1, the highest frequency of abnormal LTRF was recorded and was the only site in which tadpoles without labial teeth were found. In C1 and C2 the tadpoles had highest micronucleus frequencies and nuclear abnormalities. C1 can be considered as the site with the highest anthropogenic perturbation and with less healthy tadpoles. Livestock practices such as alternating cattle between parcel and keeping a buffer between crops and water bodies, would allow a better development of the first aquatic stages that are essential for the conservation of the anuran populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Selene Babini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Clarisa de Lourdes Bionda
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Nancy Edith Salas
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Adolfo Ludovico Martino
- Ecología-Educación Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, UNRC, Ruta Nacional N 36-km 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Amphibian assemblages in dry forests: Multi-scale variables explain variations in species richness. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Soloneski S, Kujawski M, Scuto A, Larramendy ML. Carbamates: A study on genotoxic, cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects induced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:834-44. [PMID: 25820133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro effects of the carbamates pirimicarb and zineb and their formulations Aficida® (50% pirimicarb) and Azzurro® (70% zineb), respectively, were evaluated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Whereas the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus cytome assay was employed to test for genotoxicity, MTT, neutral red (NR), and apoptosis evaluation were used as tests for estimating cell viability and succinic dehydrogenase activity, respectively. Concentrations tested were 10-300 μg/ml for pirimicarb and Aficida®, and 1-50 μg/ml for zineb and Azzurro®. All compounds were able to increase the frequency of micronuclei. A marked reduction in the nuclear division index was observed after treatment with 5 μg/ml of zineb and Azzurro® and 10 μg/ml of Azzurro®. Alterations in the cellular morphology not allowing the recognition of binucleated cells exposed to 300 μg/ml pirimicarb and Aficida® as well as 10-50 μg/ml zineb and Azzurro®. All four compounds induced inhibition of both cell viability and succinic dehydrogenase activity and trigger apoptosis in CHO-K1 cells, at least when exposed for 24 h. The data herein demonstrate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects exerted by these carbamates and reveal the potential risk factor of these pesticides, still extensively used worldwide, for both human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Maciej Kujawski
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anna Scuto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Medical Center at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Gonçalves MW, Vieira TB, Maciel NM, Carvalho WF, Lima LSF, Gambale PG, da Cruz AD, Nomura F, Bastos RP, Silva DM. Detecting genomic damages in the frog Dendropsophus minutus: preserved versus perturbed areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3947-3954. [PMID: 25300186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use the comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) and micronucleus test to assess the extent of genomic damage in the whole blood of Dendropsophus minutus from agroecosystems with great use of agrochemicals and to compare the results to those obtained from animals living in unpolluted areas. Our results indicated that specimens of D. minutus collected in perturbed areas exhibited higher amounts of DNA damage in blood cells in comparison to animals from areas free of agricultural activities. The average and standard deviation of all comet assay parameters (tail length, percentage of DNA in the tail, and olive tail moment) and micronuclei frequency were significantly higher in specimens collected in perturbed areas than in the animals from preserved areas. Our study showed that animals from perturbed areas, such as agroecosystems, tend to have higher amounts of DNA damage than animals from reference areas. Moreover, we can conclude that D. minutus tadpoles could be included as a model organism in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Vera-Candioti J, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Chlorpyrifos-based insecticides induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in the ten spotted live-bearer fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2014; 29:1390-1398. [PMID: 23661578 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mortality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the 48% chlorpyrifos (CPF)-based formulations Lorsban* 48E(®) and CPF Zamba(®) were evaluated on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) under laboratory conditions. Induction of micronucleus (MN) and alterations in the erythrocyte/erythroblast frequencies were employed as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. For Lorsban* 48E(®) , mean values of 0.13 and 0.03 mg/L were determined for LC50 at 24 and 96 h, respectively, and these concentrations reached mean values of 0.40 and 0.21 mg/L for CPF Zamba(®) . Mortality values increased as a positive linear function of the CPF Zamba(®) concentrations, but not for Lorsban* 48E(®) concentrations. There was no significant relationship between mortality and exposure time within the 0-96 h period for both formulations. LC50 values indicated that the fish were seven fold more sensitive to Lorsban* 48E(®) than to CPF Zamba(®) . Lorsban* 48E(®) within the concentration range of 0.008-0.025 mg/L increased MN frequency at both 48 and 96 h of treatment. Similar results were also observed when fish were exposed to 0.052-0.155 mg/L of CPF Zamba(®) , regardless of the exposure time. Cellular cytotoxicity was found after Lorsban* 48E(®) and CPF Zamba(®) treatments for all concentrations and time exposures, estimated by a decrease in the frequency of mature erythrocytes and a concomitant enhanced frequency of erythroblasts in circulating blood. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that Lorsban* 48E(®) and CPF Zamba(®) should be considered as CPF-based commercial formulations with marked genotoxic and cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vera-Candioti
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Lajmanovich RC, Cabagna-Zenklusen MC, Attademo AM, Junges CM, Peltzer PM, Bassó A, Lorenzatti E. Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in tadpoles of the common toad (Rhinella arenarum) treated with the herbicides Liberty® and glufosinate-ammonium. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 769:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pérez-Iglesias JM, Ruiz de Arcaute C, Nikoloff N, Dury L, Soloneski S, Natale GS, Larramendy ML. The genotoxic effects of the imidacloprid-based insecticide formulation Glacoxan Imida on Montevideo tree frog Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpoles (Anura, Hylidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 104:120-126. [PMID: 24675439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) affects the insect central nervous system and is successfully applied to control pests for a variety of agricultural crops. In the current study, acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the IMI-containing commercial formulation insecticide Glacoxan Imida (35 percent IMI) was evaluated on Hypsiboas pulchellus (Anura: Hylidae) tadpoles exposed under laboratory conditions. A lethal effect was evaluated as the end point for lethality, whereas micronucleus (MN) frequency and DNA single-strand breaks evaluated by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay were employed as end points for genotoxicity. Sublethal end points were assayed within the 12.5-37.5mg/L IMI concentration range. Experiments were performed on tadpoles at stage 36 (range, 35-37) according to the classification proposed by Gosner. Lethality studies revealed an LC50 96h value of 52.622mg/L IMI. Increased frequency of MNs was only observed when 25.0mg/L was assayed for 96h, whereas no other nuclear abnormalities were induced. Increase of the genetic damage index was observed at 48h of treatment within the 12.5-37.5mg/L concentration range, whereas an increased frequency of DNA damage was observed only in tadpoles treated with 37.5mg/L IMI for 96h. This study represents the first evidence of the acute lethal and genotoxic effects exerted by IMI on tadpoles of an amphibian species native to Argentina under laboratory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Pérez-Iglesias
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Nikoloff
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Dury
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Major pesticides are more toxic to human cells than their declared active principles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:179691. [PMID: 24719846 PMCID: PMC3955666 DOI: 10.1155/2014/179691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used throughout the world as mixtures called formulations. They contain adjuvants, which are often kept confidential and are called inerts by the manufacturing companies, plus a declared active principle, which is usually tested alone. We tested the toxicity of 9 pesticides, comparing active principles and their formulations, on three human cell lines (HepG2, HEK293, and JEG3). Glyphosate, isoproturon, fluroxypyr, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, and prochloraz constitute, respectively, the active principles of 3 major herbicides, 3 insecticides, and 3 fungicides. We measured mitochondrial activities, membrane degradations, and caspases 3/7 activities. Fungicides were the most toxic from concentrations 300-600 times lower than agricultural dilutions, followed by herbicides and then insecticides, with very similar profiles in all cell types. Despite its relatively benign reputation, Roundup was among the most toxic herbicides and insecticides tested. Most importantly, 8 formulations out of 9 were up to one thousand times more toxic than their active principles. Our results challenge the relevance of the acceptable daily intake for pesticides because this norm is calculated from the toxicity of the active principle alone. Chronic tests on pesticides may not reflect relevant environmental exposures if only one ingredient of these mixtures is tested alone.
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Nikoloff N, Natale GS, Marino D, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Flurochloridone-based herbicides induced genotoxicity effects on Rhinella arenarum tadpoles (Anura: Bufonidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 100:275-281. [PMID: 24239267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the flurochloridone (FLC)-containing commercial formulation herbicides Twin Pack Gold(®) (25 percent a.i.) and Rainbow(®) (25 percent a.i.) were evaluated on Rhinella arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) tadpoles exposed under laboratory conditions. Lethal effect was evaluated as end point for lethality, whereas frequency of micronuclei (MN) and single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) were employed as end points for genotoxicity. Lethality studies revealed equivalent LC-5096 h values of 2.96 and 2.85 mg/L for Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®), respectively. Twin Pack Gold(®) did not induce DNA damage at the chromosomal level, whereas Rainbow(®) increased the frequency of MN only when the lowest concentration (0.71 mg/L) was used. However, all concentrations of Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®) increased the frequencies of primary DNA lesions estimated by alkaline SCGE. This study represents the first evidence of the acute toxic and genotoxic effects exerted by two FLC-based commercial formulations, Twin Pack Gold(®) and Rainbow(®), on tadpoles of an amphibian species native to Argentina under laboratory conditions. Finally, our findings highlight the importance of minimizing the impacts on nontarget living species exposed to agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Nikoloff
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo S Natale
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente (CIMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Vera-Candioti J, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Single-cell gel electrophoresis assay in the ten spotted live-bearer fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842), as bioassay for agrochemical-induced genotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 98:368-73. [PMID: 24011534 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of two 48 percent chlorpyrifos-based insecticides (Lorsban* 48E® and CPF Zamba®), two 50 percent pirimicarb-based insecticides (Aficida® and Patton Flow®), and two 48 percent glyphosate-based herbicides (Panzer® and Credit®) to induce DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) exposed under laboratory conditions was evaluated by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay. In those fish exposed to Lorsban* 48E®, CPF Zamba®, Aficida®, Patton Flow®, Credit®, and Panzer®, a significant increase of the genetic damage was observed for all formulations regardless of the harvesting time. This genotoxic effect was achieved by an enhancement of Type II-IV comets and a concomitant decrease of Type 0-I comets over control values. A regression analysis revealed that the damage varied as a negative function of the exposure time in those Lorsban* 48E®- and Aficida®-treated fish. On the other hand, a positive correlation between damage increase and exposure time was achieved after Patton Flow® and Credit® treatment. Finally, no correlation was observed between increase in the genetic damage and exposure time after treatment with CPF Zamba® or Panzer®. These results highlight that all agrochemicals inflict primary genotoxic damage at the DNA level at sublethal concentrations, regardless of the exposure time of the aquatic organisms under study, at least within a period of 96 h of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vera-Candioti
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pirimicarb-based formulation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the freshwater fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae). Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1051-60. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713486958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the aspects of lethality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity in the ten spotted live-bearer exposed under laboratory conditions to the pirimicarb-based formulation Patton Flow® (50% active ingredient (a.i.)). Acute effects were evaluated using different end points for lethality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. Median lethal concentration (LC50) estimation was employed as a bioassay for lethality, whereas micronucleus (MN) induction and alterations in erythrocyte/erythroblast frequency were used as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Results demonstrated an LC5096h value of 88 mg/L. Patton Flow® increased the MN frequency in fish erythrocytes after 48 h of exposure at a concentration of 66 mg/L, whereas a concentration range of 22–66 mg/L was able to exert the same genotoxic effect at 96 h of treatment. Furthermore, cytotoxicity was also observed by alterations in erythrocyte/erythroblast frequencies within the concentration range of 22–66 mg/L, regardless of the exposure time. Our current observations provide evidence that Patton Flow® (50% a.i.) should be considered a clear lethal, cytotoxic, and genotoxic agent on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Thus, repeated applications of this carbamic insecticide can enter the aquatic environment and exert deleterious effects on aquatic organisms other than the evaluated species C. decemmaculatus.
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Vera-Candioti J, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Evaluation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of glyphosate-based herbicides in the ten spotted live-bearer fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 89:166-73. [PMID: 23273868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mortality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the 48% glyphosate-based formulations Panzer and Credit(®) were evaluated on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) under laboratory conditions. Induction of micronuclei (MN) and alterations in the erythrocytes:erythroblasts ratio were employed as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. For Panzer(®), mean values of 16.70 and 15.68 mg/L were determined for LC(50) at 24 and 96 h, respectively, and these concentrations reached mean values of 98.50 and 91.73 mg/L for Credit(®). LC(50) values decreased as a negative linear function of Panzer(®) exposure time within the 0-96 h period, but not for Credit(®). LC(50) values indicated that the fish were more sensitive to Panzer(®) than to Credit(®). Both 3.9 and 7.8 mg/L of Panzer(®) increased MN frequency at 48 and 96 h of treatment. When fish were exposed to Credit(®), an increased frequency of MN over control values was found after 96 h for all concentrations assayed, but not after 48 h. No cellular cytotoxicity was found after Panzer(®) and Credit(®) treatment, regardless of both the concentration and the sampling time. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that Panzer(®) and Credit(®) should be considered as glyphosate-based commercial formulations with genotoxic but not cytotoxic effect properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vera-Candioti
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 N° 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Argentina
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Ruiz de Arcaute C, Salgado Costa C, Demetrio PM, Natale GS, Ronco AE. Influence of existing site contamination on sensitivity of Rhinella fernandezae (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles to Lorsban®48E formulation of chlorpyrifos. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:2338-2348. [PMID: 22918748 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Effects of the widely employed insecticide Lorsban(®)48E formulation of chlorpyrifos (CPF) was studied on Rhinella fernandezae tadpoles, a native species of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, under the hypothesis of a differential response of organisms from ponds of two sites with different degree of anthropogenic disturbance: S1 an unpolluted area, and S2 area with high degree of antropogenic disturbance. To collect a representative sample of the genotypic variability of each population, small portions from six clutches were taken randomly from each site when the period of clutching was finished. Embryos and tadpoles were maintained under controlled laboratory conditions. Toxicity tests were conducted under standardized conditions to study acute and chronic lethal (mortality) and sublethal effects (behavior, growth, and abnormalities), within the range of concentrations of 0.010 to 5 mg/L. Chronic effects were assessed with organisms from one of the demes (S1). CPF showed high toxicity on the tadpoles, inducing lethal and sublethal effects at 96 h exposure within a narrow range of concentrations from 0.066 to 0.887 mg/L. Results indicate that R. fernandezae tadpoles are below the 30th percentile in the species sensitivity distribution of existing data. The acute LC50, NOEC, and LOEC values were 0.151, 0.066, and 0.133 mg/L for S1, and 0.293, 0.177, and 0.266 mg/L for S2, respectively. Considering all acute end-points evaluated, the effects of CPF showed no significant differences (p = 0.3484) between the studied populations. CPF has more severe effects at higher concentrations than at higher times of exposure. Contaminants in S2 do not seem to induce local adaptation. Sublethal effects data and measured environmental concentrations indicate potential risk for populations inhabiting agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Ruiz de Arcaute
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Fryday S, Thompson H. Toxicity of pesticides to aquatic and terrestrial life stages of amphibians and occurrence, habitat use and exposure of amphibian species in agricultural environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.en-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Prasad M, Kumar A, Mishra D, Srivastav SK, Srivastav AK. Alterations in blood electrolytes of a freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis in response to treatment with a botanical pesticide, Nerium indicum leaf extract. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:505-510. [PMID: 21127966 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Nerium indicum leaf extract on the blood electrolytes of Heteropneustes fossilis for short- and long term. Fish were subjected to Nerium indicum leaf extract for short term (11.27 mg/L i.e. 0.8 of 96 h LC₅₀) and long term (2.81 mg/L i.e. 0.2 of 96 h LC₅₀). Fish were killed on each time intervals from control and experimental (Nerium indicum) groups after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in short-term exposure and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment. Blood samples were analyzed for calcium and inorganic phosphate levels. Acute exposure of Nerium indicum leaf extract caused a progressive decrease in the serum calcium levels after 48 h in fish H. fossilis, which persists till the close of the experiment (96 h). The serum inorganic phosphate levels remain unaffected till 48 h in the Nerium indicum leaf extract-exposed fish. After 72 and 96 h, the levels exhibit a decrease. Chronic Nerium indicum leaf extract treatment provoked a decrease in serum calcium levels at day 14. This decrease continues till 28 days. The serum phosphate level of the Nerium indicum leaf extract-treated fish decreases on day 14 and 21. However, on day 28, the levels become close to the normal values. We conclude that Nerium indicum leaf extract exposure alters the blood electrolytes of the fish, thus causing physiological disturbances which might affect seriously the normal vital functions, growth rate, reproduction, and their survival in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniram Prasad
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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Prasad M, Kumar A, Mishra D, Srivastav SK, Srivastav AK. Blood electrolytes of the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis in response to treatment with a botanical pesticide (latex of Euphorbia royleana). Integr Zool 2011; 6:150-156. [PMID: 21645279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine changes in blood electrolytes (calcium and phosphate) in the freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis following short- and long-term exposure to latex of Euphorbia royleana. To investigate the effects of short-term exposure, fish were exposed to 80% of the 96-h LC(50) of E. royleana latex (2.47 mg/L) for 96 h. To assess the effects of long-term exposure, fish were exposed to 20% of the 96-h LC(50) of E. royleana latex (0.618 mg/L) for 28 days. Fish were killed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h (short-term experiments) or after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days (long-term experiments). Blood samples were collected and sera were analyzed to determine calcium and inorganic phosphate levels. Serum calcium levels decreased progressively in H. fossilis after 48 h exposure to E. royleana latex. This decrease persisted until the end of the experiment (96 h). Serum inorganic phosphate levels in treated fish decreased progressively from 72 h. After 7 days exposure to E. royleana latex, decreased serum calcium levels were noted in H. fossilis that persisted until the end of the experiment. Serum phosphate levels were decreased in H. fossilis on days 21 and 28 of exposure to E. royleana latex. It is concluded that E. royleana latex alters the blood electrolyte content of the fish. The change in these electrolytes, particularly calcium levels, may cause disturbances in the normal vital physiological functions of the fish, its growth rate, and even its ability to survive in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- ManiRam Prasad
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Diwakar Mishra
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Sunil K Srivastav
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
| | - Ajai K Srivastav
- Department of Zoology, D.D.U Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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Vera Candioti J, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of the formulated insecticide Aficida® on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces: Poeciliidae). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 703:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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