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Witczak A, Mituniewicz-Małek A, Dmytrów I. Analysis of the Influence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Strains on Changes in the Hexachlorobenzene Content in Fermented Mare Milk during Refrigerated Storage. Molecules 2024; 29:528. [PMID: 38276605 PMCID: PMC10820736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a persistent organic pollutant that is possibly carcinogenic to humans. It is still found in the environment, humans and animals, and in foods, including milk and dairy products; (2) Methods: The influence of the probiotic cultures Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LCR and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum LP on the possibility of effecting the biodegradation of HCB in dairy products fermented from mare milk was investigated, taking into account the product storage time (maximum 21 days). HCB content was determined using the GC/MS method; (3) Results: A strong negative Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) was found between HCB concentration and the refrigeration storage time of the fermented beverages. The highest HCB reduction was observed in milk fermented with both Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LCR and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum LP (78.77%), while the lowest was noted when only Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum LP was used (73.79%); (4) Conclusions: This pilot study confirmed that probiotics commonly used to give products health-promoting properties can also contribute to reducing the content of undesirable substances, and the bacterial cultures used might provide an alternative method for reducing HCB residues in fermented drinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Witczak
- Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (I.D.)
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Olisah C, Rubidge G, Human LRD, Adams JB. Tissue distribution, dietary intake and human health risk assessment of organophosphate pesticides in common fish species from South African estuaries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114466. [PMID: 36502772 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the tissue distribution, dietary intake, and potential health risks of eight OPPs in Pomadasys commersonnii (Spotted grunter) and Mugil cephalus (Flathead mullet) from the Sundays and Swartkops estuaries in South Africa. The highest concentration in fish tissues was found in muscles of M. cephalus (178 ± 80.4 ng/g ww) and P. commersonnii (591 ± 280 ng/g ww) from Sundays Estuary. The ∑6OPPs concentration in muscles from both fish species was higher in muscles than in the gills with fenitrothion dominating the distribution profile. Results from the path analysis indicate that lipid, weights, and length of the fish species do not influence the concentration of OPPs in the studied fish species. The calculated hazard ratios, which represent the non-carcinogenic risks, were less than one for all OPPs, indicating that the concentration of OPPs detected in fish muscles had negligible consequences on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa.
| | - Gletwyn Rubidge
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Lucienne R D Human
- Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Elwandle Coastal Node, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Janine B Adams
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
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Mitiku BA, Mitiku MA. Organochlorine pesticides residue affinity in fish muscle and their public health risks in North West Ethiopia. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4331-4338. [PMID: 36514750 PMCID: PMC9731529 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are the parent compounds, their metabolites, and associated impurities of agricultural and health chemical inputs. If they are found at concentration levels higher than the standard limits, they have potential negative impacts on the ecosystem in general and on fish and humans in particular. This study investigates organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residue occurrences in fish muscle and assesses their public health potential risks, in North West Ethiopia. The concentration of OCPs residue under gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD) was detected in 37.84% of fish muscle samples. The mean amounts detected were Endosalfan I, 341.50 ± 32.19 μg/kg; Endosalfan II, 36.01 ± 2.3 μg/kg; Endosalfan sulfate, 5.43 ± 4.06 μg/kg; 4, 4, DDE (4,4-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene), 64.01 ± 9.08 μg /kg; 4,4, DDD (4,4-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane), 5.65 ± 3.12 μg/kg; and 4, 4, DDT (4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), 1.58 ± 0.30 μg/kg. The mean concentration of Endosalfan I tested in fish muscle samples was higher than that of the permissible limit of different international standards. However, due to the low per capita consumption rate of fish origin food in Ethiopia, the health risk index (HRI) ranges from 0.002 to 0.1275, which shows there is no public health risk. This study highlights the possibility of chemical residue occurrence in fish food products, and hence pesticide use regulations and monitoring concentration levels should be implemented regularly to avoid human and environmental health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhan Agmas Mitiku
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental ScienceBahir Dar UniversityBahir DarEthiopia
| | - Marshet Adugna Mitiku
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural ResearchNational Fishery and Aquatic Life Research CenterSebetaEthiopia,Addis Ababa UniversityAklilu Lemma Institute of PathobiologyAddis AbabaEthiopia
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Olisah C, Rubidge G, Human LRD, Adams JB. Organophosphate pesticides in South African eutrophic estuaries: Spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119446. [PMID: 35550133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal variation, spatial distribution, and ecological risks of thirteen organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) were studied in the Sundays and Swartkops estuaries in South Africa. Ten pesticides were detected in surface water samples from both estuaries, while all OPPs were detected in sediments. The highest concentration of OPPs (18.8 μg pyrazophos L-1) was detected in surface water samples from Swartkops Estuary, while 48.7 μg phosalone kg-1 dw was the highest in sediments collected from Sundays Estuary. There was no clear seasonal pattern in OPPs occurrence in surface water from both systems. However, their occurrence in sediments was in the following order: winter > autumn > summer > spring, perhaps indicating major pesticide input in the winter seasons. Results from ecological risk assessment showed that pyraclofos and chlorpyrifos (CHL) in surface water from both systems are respectively likely to cause high acute and chronic toxicity to fish (risk quotient - RQ > 1). For sediments of both estuaries, the highest acute and chronic RQs for fish were calculated for isazophos and CHL respectively. The majority of the detected OPPs in sediments posed potential high risks to Daphnia magna from both systems. These results suggest that these aquatic organisms (fish, and Daphnia), if present in the studied estuaries, can develop certain forms of abnormalities due to OPP exposure. To this end, proper measures should be taken to reduce OPP input into the estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa.
| | - Gletwyn Rubidge
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Lucienne R D Human
- Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Elwandle Coastal Node, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Janine B Adams
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
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Haarr A, Mwakalapa EB, Lyche JL, Mmochi AJ, Polder A, Ruus A, Borgå K. Spatial Variation in Contaminant Occurrence in Marine Fishes and Prawns from Coastal Tanzania. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:321-333. [PMID: 34888929 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data on organic contaminants in marine biota from coastal Tanzania, especially on the occurrence of industrial-use contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The present study, performed in 2018-2019 in coastal Tanzania and Zanzibar Island, aimed at assessing spatial variation in the occurrence of PCBs; brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including PBDEs; and organochlorine pesticides, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), among three locations that differ in degree of anthropogenic activity. Analyzed samples included edible tissues of marine fishes and prawns representing different trophic levels and habitats. The results indicate a mainland-island difference, with fishes and prawns collected on Zanzibar having significantly lower PCB and DDT concentrations but higher concentrations of hexachlorobenzene compared to the two mainland locations. The highest contaminant concentrations were found in fishes and prawns collected around central Dar es Salaam harbor, with median ΣPCBs ranging from 22.3 to 577 ng/g lipid weight and ΣDDTs from 22.7 to 501 ng/g lipid weight, suggesting local sources. Concentrations of PBDEs were similar among locations, suggesting more diffuse sources. None of the "newer-type" BFRs, including compounds introduced as replacements for PBDEs, were detected in the present study. Stable isotope values of carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) varied among locations, and the relationship between contaminants and δ15 N varied among locations and habitat (pelagic/demersal). Concentrations measured in the present study are below European guidelines for human consumption of fishes and prawns. However, industrial-use contaminants should be monitored in developing countries because they are contaminants of emerging concern as a result of increasing industrialization and global trade of used products and wastes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:321-333. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Haarr
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eliezer B Mwakalapa
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Jan L Lyche
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Aviti J Mmochi
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Anuschka Polder
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anders Ruus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Magna EK, Koranteng SS, Donkor A, Gordon C. Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediment Impacted by Cage Aquaculture in the Volta Basin of Ghana. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:119-130. [PMID: 34796371 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seventeen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) residues in 80 sediment samples from four cage aquaculture farms on the Volta Basin were determined to find out the extent of their contamination as well as their risk to biota in the aquatic ecosystem. The extracted residues of the OCPs and PCBs were analysed on a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector and mass spectrometer, respectively. Eleven (11) OCPs: methoxychlor, δ-HCH, o,p'-DDD, α-endosulphan, β-HCH, o,p-DDE, p,p-DDE, p,p'-DDT, β-endosulphan, endrin, and heptachlor and seven (7) PCBs: PCB 18, PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 138, PCB 153, and PCB 180 were detected in the sediments from the farms. The OCPs level ranged < LOD - 33.0 µg/kg. δ-HCH (8.154 ± 0.414 µg/kg), α-endosulphan (6.000 ± 1.414 µg/kg), o,p'-DDD (2.010 ± 1.46 µg/kg), endrin (13.867 ± 8.716 µg/kg), and α-endosulphan (0.503 ± 0.398 µg/kg) were predominant with frequencies of detection 100%, 45%, 68%, 92%, and 25% in fish farms A, B, C, D and controls, respectively. PCBs concentrations ranged 0.042-5.320 ng/g wet weight. PCB 153 recorded the highest concentration of 3.328 ± 1.700 ng/g in farm D. PCB 18 and PCB 180 dominated the profiles in the sediment from all the farms. The ecotoxicological risk of the OCPs and PCBs in the surface sediment using the SQGs indicated that ∑HCH in the sediment from all the farms except that the controls may pose a health risk to the benthic organisms. Therefore, a comprehensive remedial intervention is required to arrest the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kaboja Magna
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box 209, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Senyo Koranteng
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box 209, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Christopher Gordon
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana, P. O. Box 209, Accra, Ghana
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Olisah C, Human LRD, Rubidge G, Adams JB. Organophosphate pesticides sequestered in tissues of a seagrass species - Zostera capensis from a polluted watershed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113657. [PMID: 34509819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are persistent in the environment, but little information is available on their bioaccumulation in seagrass. In this study, the seagrass - Zostera capensis was collected from Swartkops Estuary in South Africa to investigate the bioaccumulation of OPPs from contaminated sediments and the water column. This plant was chosen because it grows abundantly in the estuary's intertidal zone, making it a viable phytoremediator in the urban environment. Extraction was performed by the QuEChERS method followed by GC-MS analysis. The mean concentration of ∑OPPs ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 μg/L for surface water; 6.20-13.35 μg/kg dw for deep-rooted sediments; 18.79-37.75 μg/kg dw for leaf tissues and 12.14-39.80 μg/kg dw for root tissues of Z. capensis. The biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were greater than one, indicating the potential for Z. capensis to bioaccumulate and intercept the targeted pesticides. A weak insignificant correlation observed between log BSAFs and log Kow indicates that the bioaccumulation of OPPs in tissues of Z. capensis were not dependent on the Kow. Eight of the selected pesticides had root-leaf translocation factors (TFr-l) greater than 1, indicating that Z. capensis can transport these chemicals from roots to leaves. The results from this study implies that this plant species can clean up OPP contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - Lucienne R D Human
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Elwandle Coastal Node Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Gletwyn Rubidge
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Janine B Adams
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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Olisah C, Rubidge G, Human LRD, Adams JB. A translocation analysis of organophosphate pesticides between surface water, sediments and tissues of common reed Phragmites australis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 284:131380. [PMID: 34323801 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of common reed, Phragmites australis to take up organophosphate pesticides (OPPs). The study site was the agriculturally polluted Sundays Estuary in South Africa. Surface water, leaves, roots, and deep-rooted-sediments of P. australis were collected along the length of the estuary and analysed for 13 different OPPS. The extraction of OPPs in plant tissues was performed by QuEChERS method followed by GC-MS analysis. The highest concentration of OPPs was found in leaves (16.41-31.39 μg kg-1 dw), followed by roots (13.92-30.88 μg kg-1 dw), and sediments (3.30-8.07 μg kg-1 dw). Of the 13 targeted OPPs, only one compound was not detected across the four sample matrices, thus reflecting widespread contamination in the Sundays Estuary. The biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) values of pyraclofos, quinalphos, fenitrothion, phosalone, EPN, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, pyrazophos, and isazophos were higher than one implying that P. australis possesses the ability to bioaccumulate these compounds. The root-leaf translocation factors (TFr-l) of these pesticides were higher than 1, suggesting that P. australis possesses the capacity to move these pesticides from roots to leaves. The insignificant correlation observed between log BSAF and log Kow and log TFr-l and log Kow implies that OPPs uptake by P. australis tissues were not dependent on log Kow. Our study demonstrates that P. australis possesses the potential to effectively remove OPPs from contaminated water and sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - Gletwyn Rubidge
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Lucienne R D Human
- Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON) Elwandle Coastal Node Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Janine B Adams
- DSI/NRF Research Chair, Shallow Water Ecosystems, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa; Department of Botany, Institute of Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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Amankwaa G, Yin X, Akyeampong S, Zhang L, Huang W, Cao Y, Ni X, Gyimah E. Cancer and non-cancer risks in humans exposed to trace elements in drinking water from a crater lake (Bosumtwi/Bosomtwe). WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2537-2548. [PMID: 33513269 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The total and dissolved lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, cobalt, and arsenic in 30 water samples collected from Bosomtwe Lake were analyzed. Arsenic bioavailability was also determined using the ARSOlux test system. Except for chromium, their mean values in the study results exceeded the WHO permissible limit for potability. Cancer and non-cancer effects associated with exposure to dissolved and total metals by a child and an adult via oral and dermal routes were estimated. The hazard quotient (HQ) values obtained (except adult exposure to total arsenic of 1.71 × 1000 ) were less than unity. Between child and adult, the recorded hazard index (HI) was 0.82 and 1.75, respectively. The HI results indicate that the adult population is at risk for non-cancer health effects. Arsenic was the element of concern, and it remained biologically available for uptake by target groups. For child and adult, respectively, arsenic contributed 96.39% and 97.29% to HI values. The risk values for cancer in a child and an adult with oral and dermal exposure to dissolved and total arsenic were lower than the USEPA range. Principal component and cluster analysis identified atmospheric deposition, geogenic, and unregulated application of agrochemicals as plausible sources of water pollution in Bosomtwe Lake. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The hazard quotient (HQ) values obtained for adult exposure to total arsenic was 1.71 × 1000 . Arsenic remained biologically available for uptake by target groups. The calculated health index (HI) indicated that the adult population is at risk for non-cancer health effects. Arsenic contributed 96.39% and 97.29% to HI values for a child and an adult. Atmospheric deposition, geogenic, and unregulated application of agrochemicals were the plausible sources of water pollution in Bosomtwe Lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Amankwaa
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xifeng Yin
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Liming Zhang
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weihong Huang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yunfei Cao
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoni Ni
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Eric Gyimah
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Abbassy MA, Khalifa MA, Nassar AMK, El-Deen EEN, Salim YM. Analysis of organochlorine pesticides residues in fish from Edko Lake (North of Egypt) using eco-friendly method and their health implications for humans. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:495-503. [PMID: 34631506 PMCID: PMC8476673 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in tilapia fish and their health risk associated with the consumption of fish from Edko lake, Egypt were determined. The quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) was used for extraction and clean-up of 18 OCPs residues from fish followed by GC-ECD and GC-ITD analytical tools were employed for identification of OPs. Out of the 18 OCPs, only heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDE, dieldrin, p,p-DDD, and endrin ketone were detected in muscles of fish with concentrations of 0.1144, 0.2119, 0.4352, 0.1196, and 0.1323 µg/Kg bw, respectively. Results of the risk assessment calculations showed that dieldrin had a health risk index of more than one. This means that there was a health risk to adults associated with the consumption of fish. On the other hand, heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDD, and endrin ketone did not show any direct health risk. Contamination of fish, collected from Edko lake in Egypt, with residues of OCPs might pose health implications if fish were consumed fresh. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-020-00085-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. Abbassy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Damanhour University, PO Box 59, Damnhour, Elbehera Egypt
| | - Moustafa A. Khalifa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Pesticides Chemistry and Toxicology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Atef M. K. Nassar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Damanhour University, PO Box 59, Damnhour, Elbehera Egypt
| | - Eman E. Nour El-Deen
- Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Damanhour University, PO Box 59, Damnhour, Elbehera Egypt
| | - Yehia M. Salim
- Faculty of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department, Damanhour University, PO Box 59, Damnhour, Elbehera Egypt
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Amankwaa G, Yin X, Zhang L, Huang W, Cao Y, Ni X, Gyimah E. Spatial distribution and eco-environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a crater lake (Bosomtwe/Bosumtwi). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19367-19380. [PMID: 33398724 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thirty samples of sediments were taken from Bosumtwi Lake (also called Bosomtwe Lake) in Ghana and analyzed for the contents of Fe, As, Hg, Co, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb. Several pollution indices (enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation (Igeo), and pollution load index (PLI)) were used to determine sedimentary pollution levels, and the risk of environmental exposure was calculated using Hakanson's potential ecological risk (PER) indices. The results from PER assessments have indicated that sediments from the Bosumtwi Lake present a moderate environmental risk. According to EF calculations, Hg in Bosumtwi lake sediments is the element of concern that is being severely enriched. Hg was the largest contributor to PER with a 97% risk contribution. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the main sources of Hg were agrochemicals and atmospheric deposition, whereas the sources of Fe, As, Co, Cr, and Ni to Bosumtwi Lake were natural processes and are derived from the local lithology. There was no strong significant correlation among the contents of the heavy metals, sediment grain sizes, and total organic carbon (TOC), suggesting their lack of control in the distribution of heavy metals, the source, and the transport pathway. Finally, it is strongly recommended to do a study on Hg bioavailability in Bosumtwi Lake sediments. These findings will be relevant to Bosumtwi Lake's profiling and historical development of heavy metal loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Amankwaa
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xifeng Yin
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Products Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Weihong Huang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Yunfei Cao
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, 212004, China
| | - Xiaoni Ni
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, 212004, China.
| | - Eric Gyimah
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Riaz R, de Wit CA, Malik RN. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in fish species from different lakes of the lesser Himalayan region (LHR), Pakistan: The influence of proximal sources in distribution of POPs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 760:143351. [PMID: 33183795 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish dwelling in remote mountain water systems are sensitive to long term exposure of POPs and can be used as an important bioindicator of POPs pollution in fragile mountain ecosystems. Current study aimed to investigate the concentrations and patterns of organic pollutants in fish tissues from different lakes of the Lesser Himalayan Region (LHR). OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs were analyzed in four common edible fish species of the LHR: Oncorhynchus mykiss, Labeo rohita, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Orechromis aureus. The fish were collected from lakes with different types of catchment areas (glacial, non-glacial mountain region and urban region) and extent of anthropogenic influence. The levels OCPs, PCBs and PBDEs analyzed in the selected fish species were in range of 0.21-587, 6.4-138 and 1.2-14 ng g-1 lw, respectively. The ∑DDTs, higher chlorinated PCBs, tetra- and penta-BDEs were more prevalent in urban and remote lakes whereas pp'-DDE, lower chlorinated PCBs and BDE-47 and -99 were predominant in fish species from glacial lakes. ∑DDTs, ∑PCBs and ∑PBDEs showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among species, trophic guilds (carnivore, herbivore and omnivore) and feeding regimes (surface, bottom and column feeder) and ∑HCH showed a significant difference only among trophic guilds. The stable isotope values of δ 15N and δ13C differed significantly among species for ∑HCH, ∑PCBs, ∑PBDEs (p < 0.05) and ∑DDT (p < 0.01). The range of δ13C values (-34 to -19‰) indicated the importance of littoral and pelagic sources of dietary carbon. Trophic position and dietary proxies were identified as important variables for explaining the variability of the studied compounds. Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOM) showed that in addition to trophic position and other physiological characteristics of fish, that the type of lakes and proximal sources of POPs were the most important predictors for distribution of organic contaminants in fish samples from LHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahat Riaz
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, PO 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden..
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, PO 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Cloning, overexpression, purification, characterization and structural modelling of a metabolically active Fe 2+ dependent 2,6-dichloro-p-hydroquinone 1,2-dioxygenase (CpsA) from Bacillus cereus strain AOA-CPS_1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:247-257. [PMID: 32512093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
2,6-Dichloro-p-hydroquinone (DiCHQ) aromatic-ring cleavage by DiCHQ 1,2-dioxygenase (CpsA) is very crucial for complete transformation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) to 2-chloromaleylacetate in Bacillus cereus AOA-CPS_1 (BcAOA). The 978 bp gene (cpsA) was detected and amplified in the genome of BcAOA; cloned, overexpressed and purified to homogeneity. CpsA showed a single ≅36.9 kDa protein band on SDS-PAGE and exhibited optimum activity at 30 °C and pH 9.0. CpsA was stable between 20 °C and 40 °C, and also retained about 90% of its activity at 60 °C for 120 min. The enzyme retained about 90% activity between pH 9.0 and 11.5 and 60% activity at pH 13.0. CpsA was found to be Fe2+ dependent as about 90% increased activity was observed in the presence of FeSO4. CpsA showed apparent vmax, Km, kcat and kcat/Km of 27.77 ± 0.9 μMs-1, 0.990 ± 0.03 mM, 4.20 ± 0.04 s-1 and 4.24 ± 0.03 s-1 mM-1, respectively at pH 9.0. Analysis of the reaction products via GC-MS confirmed 2-chloromaleylacetate as the ring-cleavage product. CpsA 3D structure revealed a conserved 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad motif (His 9, His 244 and Thr 11), with Fe3+ at the centre. Findings from this study provide new insights into the involvement of this enzyme in PCP degradation and suggests alternate possible mechanism of ring-cleavage by dioxygenases.
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Spatial distribution, source identification, and risk assessment of organochlorines in wild tilapia from Guangxi, South China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15179. [PMID: 32938983 PMCID: PMC7495417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventy-five wild tilapia samples from six rivers (ten sites) in Guangxi province were collected and analyzed for 53 organochlorine compounds. DDTs, endosulfan, and PCBs were the most dominant compounds found in this study. Tiandong County (TD) and Guigang City (GG) sites were found to be heavily contaminated with high levels of endosulfan (385-925 ng/g lw) and/or DDTs (20.1-422 ng/g lw). The diagnostic ratios indicated that the residues of DDTs and endosulfan in wild tilapia are associated with historical applications as well as the recent introduction of technical DDTs and endosulfan at some sampling sites. The correlation between total length, body mass, and organochlorines (OCs) was higher than the correlation between age and lipid content. There was no significant correlation between organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and lipid content. Therefore, for organisms, the feeding intensity (related to length and mass) of fish could better reflect degree of pollution than exposure time (age) of fish. The hazardous ratios for the 50th and 95th percentile data of OCPs and PCBs in fish were both below 1, suggesting that daily exposure to OCPs and PCBs yields a lifetime cancer risk lower than 1 in 10,000.
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Kül M, Uğur Görgün A, Filizok I. Activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in fish and mussels in İzmir, Turkey, and the related health risk assessment (dose assessment and pesticide levels) to the consumers. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:553. [PMID: 32737592 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (210Po and 210Pb) and residual pesticide levels were determined from the fish (red mullet, common sole, anchovy, horse mackerel, gray mullet, and sardine) and mussel samples collected in İzmir Bay seasonally from October 2012 and July 2013. The 210Po and 210Pb concentrations varied between 5.7 ± 4.0 Bq kg-1 dry weight (dw) to 353.7 ± 45.0 Bq kg-1(dw) and 0.7 ± 0.2 Bq kg-1 (dw) to 4.3 ± 0.8 Bq kg-1 (dw), respectively. From a public health point of view, the fish and mussel collected from the İzmir Bay are not harmful to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muazzez Kül
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100, Bornova/İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Uğur Görgün
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100, Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
| | - Işık Filizok
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ege University, 35100, Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
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Ding Y, Wu Z, Zhang R, Yu K, Wang Y, Zou Q, Zeng W, Han M. Organochlorines in fish from the coastal coral reefs of Weizhou Island, south China sea: Levels, sources, and bioaccumulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:1-8. [PMID: 31152894 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eight fish species were sampled from a coastal coral reef ecosystem near Weizhou Island, South China Sea, to investigate the composition profiles and bioaccumulation of organochlorines (OCs). The total concentrations of 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 22 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were found to be 26.5-452 ng/g lw and 0.87-19.8 ng/g lw, respectively. The contaminant distribution pattern indicated that agrochemical sources were more important than industrial sources, and that historical residues remain the primary source of OCs in Weizhou Island. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) indicated that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes was bioaccumulating with log BAFs ranging from 3.53 to 5.21. Some congeners diverged from the general trend predicted by the logarithm octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow); this was mainly attributable to differences in the bioaccumulation potentials of these congeners in the studied samples. Trophic magnification factors demonstrated that aldrin, endrin, and dieldrin undergo significant trophic dilution, while the other six OC compounds undergo trophic magnification in the food chain. The presence of OCP congeners was also probably affected by their metabolism in fish tissues. The estimated daily intakes of OCPs via fish consumption by residents ranged from 0.05 to 5.45 ng/kg body weight/day, which is below the acceptable daily intake recommended by the FAO/WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qi Zou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Weibin Zeng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Minwei Han
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Bruce-Vanderpuije P, Megson D, Jobst K, Jones GR, Reiner E, Sandau CD, Clarke E, Adu-Kumi S, Gardella JA. Background levels of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs), polychlorinated, polybrominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs & PXDD/Fs) in sera of pregnant women in Accra, Ghana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:631-642. [PMID: 30999104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure data on dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in Ghana are limited. Based on health risks associated with dioxins and DLCs, the impact of maternal body burdens on foetal exposure is significant. This is the first study that assesses polychlorinated, polybrominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs and PXDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs) in sera of primiparous Ghanaians. Our sample selection includes 34 participants from two municipalities (Accra and Tema), and explores contributions from environmental and dietary exposures using questionnaire data. Sample preparation involved C18 solid phase extraction, purification with acidified silica and lipid removal cartridges, and detection with gas chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The calculated average toxic equivalent concentration was 5.3 pg TEQ/g lw, with contributions from dlPCBs (1.25 pg TEQ/g lw), PCDD/Fs (3.10 pg TEQ/g lw), PBDD/Fs (0.49 pg TEQ/g lw) and PXDD/Fs (0.50 pg TEQ/g lw). The calculated total TEQ concentration was lower than background TEQ concentrations reported in sera of pregnant women globally. Positive correlations were obtained for total dioxins and DLC concentrations with age and Body Mass Index (BMI). Dietary intake of seafood and dairy products had a strong influence on PCDD/F and dlPCB concentrations. Statistically significant differences were observed for dioxins and DLCs in participants from Accra (in close proximity to Agbogbloshie e-waste site) and Tema. Given the significant TEQ contribution of PBDD/Fs and PXDD/Fs (~20%), it is essential to explore these classes of dioxins and DLCs in future biomonitoring studies as they may pose health risks, and add extra diagnostic information in source exposure investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennante Bruce-Vanderpuije
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; CSIR Water Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 38, Achimota, Accra, Ghana
| | - David Megson
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Chemistry Matters Inc., Suite 405, 104-1240 Kensington Road NW, Calgary, AB T2N 3P7, Canada
| | - Karl Jobst
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Laboratory Services Branch, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada
| | | | - Eric Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Laboratory Services Branch, Toronto, ON M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Court D Sandau
- Chemistry Matters Inc., Suite 405, 104-1240 Kensington Road NW, Calgary, AB T2N 3P7, Canada; Mount Royal University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - Edith Clarke
- Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Ministry of Health/Ghana Health Service, Ghana
| | - Sam Adu-Kumi
- Environmental Protection Agency, P. O. Box MB 326, Ministries Post Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph A Gardella
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M, Matovu H, Mubiru E. Human and environmental exposure to PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in Africa: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:483-493. [PMID: 30784755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews literature for the last two decades with emphasis on levels, toxic equivalencies and sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in Africa. Further, we comprehensively analysed data, interpret differences and identify existing gaps with those from other continents. We observed that high levels of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs were reported in environmental and biological samples near densely populated urban and industrialised areas compared to those in rural settings. In general, the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in the blood samples from Africa were in the same range as those from Asia but lower than those from Europe. The concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the atmosphere in Africa were comparable to and/or higher than those in developed countries. The reported sources of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in Africa were industrial emissions, obsolete pesticide stockpiles, household heating, recycling of electronic waste, and incineration and combustion of domestic waste. Regional and intercontinental transport of dioxins could not be confirmed because of the lack of sufficient literature on them. Further data about the levels and sources of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in Africa need to be generated to complete the chemical inventories for the continent and to facilitate the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. The reviewed literature shows that most analyses have been carried out in laboratories outside Africa because of the limited institutional capacity in Africa. More support needs to be given to laboratories in Africa to develop the capacity to accurately quantify dioxins on routine basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Henry Matovu
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland; Department of Chemistry, Gulu University, P. O. Box 166, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Edward Mubiru
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Bruce-Vanderpuije P, Megson D, Reiner EJ, Bradley L, Adu-Kumi S, Gardella JA. The state of POPs in Ghana- A review on persistent organic pollutants: Environmental and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:331-342. [PMID: 30447476 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ghana is one of the top pesticide users and highest persistent organic pollutant (POP) emitters in sub-saharan Africa. Despite recent increases in published data, there is limited information on how POP concentrations have changed, post ratification of the Stockholm Convention. As a result, this review aims to address these knowledge gaps by collating available data that reported POPs in Ghanaian environmental matrices, identify spatial and temporal trends, and establish potential health risks. It is worth noting that Ghana has not developed its own regulatory standards for POPs, but adapts United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. Results obtained showed concentrations in excess of USEPA regulatory standards for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl sulphonates (PFASs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) in water, polychlorinated and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs) in e-waste soils, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in aquatic organisms and dairy products. The published studies do not cover major regions nationwide. The inconsistency in methods and analytes measured, along with data scarcity in some regions, makes it challenging to identify temporal trends. However, the data did indicate decreasing concentrations of some legacy POPs in soil/sediment and aquatic organisms, with increasing concentrations of some POPs in water, fish, fruits and vegetables. Studies that performed health risks assessments were limited although the data indicated risks to e-waste workers, some farmers and vulnerable sub-populations. This review identified potential human health risks from POPs in the Ghanaian environment and the need for more consistent and widespread monitoring program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennante Bruce-Vanderpuije
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - David Megson
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Eric J Reiner
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Laboratory Services Branch, Toronto, ON, M9P 3V6, Canada
| | - Lee Bradley
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Adu-Kumi
- Environmental Protection Agency, P. O. Box MB 326, Ministries Post Office, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph A Gardella
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA.
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Pius C, Sichilongo K, Koosaletse Mswela P, Dikinya O. Monitoring polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in Africa since the implementation of the Stockholm Convention-an overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:101-113. [PMID: 30414030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (dl-PCB) are groups of toxic compounds released into the environment as unintentional by-products of combustion. They persist, bioaccumulate through the food chain, and cause adverse health effects. This review attempts to collate available information on the release of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs and other critical data relevant to their monitoring in Africa during the existence of the Stockholm Convention (SC). Much as the implementation of the SC may be lagging, literature showed that there has been encouraging efforts that have been made with respect to PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs monitoring in Africa. Results from a global monitoring study showed that PCDD/Fs released to air in Africa stood at 18-532 fg WHO98 TEQ/M3 while dl-PCBs were 7-278 fg WHO98 TEQ/m3. In human milk, the total concentration of PCDD/Fs, i.e., WHO 2005 TEQ LB has been reported to range from 0.5 ng/g fat to 12 ng/g fat. Fourteen laboratories in Africa participated in inter-laboratory assessments of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with two specifically for PCDD/Fs analysis. This shows that some efforts are being made to boost capacity in Africa. Levels of PCDDs/Fs and dl-PCBs in clay consumed by pregnant women have been reported in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Ĉote d'Ivoire, and Uganda with a maximum concentration of 103 pg TEQ/g. This finding was very significant since women are the most impacted through exposure to POPs, a fact that is acknowledged by the SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pius
- Department of Chemistry, Mkwawa University College of Education, P.O Box 2513, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Kwenga Sichilongo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Faculty of Science, 00704, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Pulane Koosaletse Mswela
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana Faculty of Science, 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Oagile Dikinya
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Botswana Faculty of Science, 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
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Pheiffer W, Wolmarans NJ, Gerber R, Yohannes YB, Ikenaka Y, Ishizuka M, Smit NJ, Wepener V, Pieters R. Fish consumption from urban impoundments: What are the health risks associated with DDTs and other organochlorine pesticides in fish to township residents of a major inland city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:517-527. [PMID: 29453181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in South Africa have for the most part been banned, except dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) which is still used as malaria vector control. The aim of this study was to determine OCP residues in the aquatic fauna of one of South Africa's most populated areas, Soweto. Risk to human health through OCP exposure via fish consumption was investigated. Clarias gariepinus was chosen as bioindicator because it is an apex predator that is in abundance, but is also a valued food source. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and chlordanes (CHLs) were detected in the fish tissue with the DDTs being the most prevalent at all sites. Of the three locations, Fleurhof, Orlando, and Lenasia, the latter location's fish had the highest ΣOCP load, ranging between 81 and 1190ng/gwm. The DDTs were determined to be from historic use, whereas the CHL levels indicated more recent inputs. Although the possibility of illegal use cannot be excluded completely, the presence of OCPs outside of their allowed areas of use indicate that these compounds not only stay in the aquatic systems long term, but may be of concern in areas previously not considered high risk areas. The OCP residues in C. gariepinus from the study area pose an extremely high risk to human health when consumed, and has a cancer risk as high as 1 in 10. This potential problem should be kept in consideration when developing national health and conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wihan Pheiffer
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Nico J Wolmarans
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Ruan Gerber
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Yared B Yohannes
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Nico J Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Hogarh JN, Seike N, Kobara Y, Carboo D, Fobil JN, Masunaga S. Source characterization and risk of exposure to atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16316-16324. [PMID: 29705902 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With recent evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are emerging in environmental media in some developing countries that otherwise have sparing production and usage history, it has become important to identify such contemporary source factors of PCBs and the risks this may pose, in line with the global consensus on POP management and elimination. The present study investigated contaminations from atmospheric PCBs in Ghana, deciphered source factors, and accessed risk of exposure to dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs). Atmospheric PCBs were monitored by deployment of PUF-disk passive air samplers (PAS) at several sites across Ghana for 56 days. Atmospheric ∑190PCB concentration in Ghana ranged from 0.28 ng/m3 in Kumasi to 4.64 ng/m3 at Agbogbloshie, a suburb in Accra noted for informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling activities. As high as 11.10 ng/m3 of PCB concentration was measured in plumes from uncontrolled open burning of e-wastes at Agbogbloshie. Applying statistical source characterization tools, it emerged that e-wastes were a major contributor to the environmental burden of atmospheric PCBs in Ghana. The risk of DL-PCB toxicity via inhalation in the Agbogbloshie area was 4.2 pg TEQ/day, within similar order of magnitude of an estimated risk of 3.85 pg TEQ/day faced by e-waste workers working averagely for 8 h per day. It is suggested that elimination of e-waste sites would help to significantly reduce PCB-related toxicity issues in Ghana. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Hogarh
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Nobuyasu Seike
- Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Yuso Kobara
- Division of Hazardous Chemicals, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Derick Carboo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box 56, Legon, Ghana
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Shigeki Masunaga
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan
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23
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Azanu D, Styrishave B, Darko G, Weisser JJ, Abaidoo RC. Occurrence and risk assessment of antibiotics in water and lettuce in Ghana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:293-305. [PMID: 29216470 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater and effluents from waste stabilization ponds in Kumasi, Ghana, are directly discharged as low quality water into nearby streams which are eventually used to irrigate vegetables. The presence of 12 commonly used antibiotics in Ghana (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, ampicillin, cefuroxime, sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline and doxycycline) were investigated in water and lettuce samples collected in three different areas in Kumasi, Ghana. The water samples were from hospital wastewater, wastewater stabilization ponds, rivers and irrigation water, while the lettuce samples were from vegetable farms and market vendors. Antibiotics in water samples were extracted using SPE while antibiotics in lettuce samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction followed by SPE. All extracted antibiotics samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS. All studied compounds were detected in concentrations significantly higher (p=0.01) in hospital wastewater than in the other water sources. The highest concentration found in the present study was 15μg/L for ciprofloxacin in hospital wastewater. Irrigation water samples analyzed had concentrations of antibiotics up to 0.2μg/L. Wastewater stabilization ponds are low technology but effective means of removing antibiotics with removal efficiency up to 95% recorded in this study. However, some chemicals are still found in levels indicating medium to high risk of antibiotics resistance development in the environment. The total concentrations of antibiotics detected in edible lettuce tissues from vegetable farms and vegetable sellers at the markets were in the range of 12.0-104 and 11.0-41.4ng/kg (fresh weight) respectively. The antibiotics found with high concentrations in all the samples were sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and trimethoprim. Furthermore, our study confirms the presence of seven antibiotics in lettuce from irrigation farms and markets, suggesting an indirect exposure of humans to antibiotics through vegetable consumption and drinking water in Ghana. However, estimated daily intake for a standard 60kg woman was 0.3ng/day, indicating low risk for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Azanu
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Bjarne Styrishave
- Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Godfred Darko
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Johan Juhl Weisser
- Toxicology Laboratory, Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Clement Abaidoo
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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24
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Wu WL, Deng XL, Zhou SJ, Liang H, Yang XF, Wen J, Li XM, Zhang CZ, Zhang YH, Zou F. Levels, congener profiles, and dietary intake assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in beef, freshwater fish, and pork marketed in Guangdong Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:412-421. [PMID: 28988077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) consisting of non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs are suggested to be very hazardous and have adverse effects on human health. However, their levels and congener profiles in retail foods marketed in Guangdong Province of China have not been elucidated thus far. Thus, in this study, 226 individual samples of beef, freshwater fish, and pork marketed across four regions of Guangdong Province were randomly collected during 2013-2015 to determine their levels of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. The results showed that the total toxic equivalency quantities (TEQs) of most samples were below the maximum limits except for the 26 samples collected from the vicinities of pollution areas. The median total TEQs of these three categories were 0.174, 0.488, and 0.113pgTEQ/g fw, respectively, which indicated that the contamination status of the studied foods was not serious. For congener profiles, significantly different patterns were observed in three food groups, but with the same major TEQ contributors being 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF in beef, freshwater fish, and pork. Regional differences of congener profiles in each food group were also found in this study, which might be attributed to the regionally different distributions of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in environment media. The dietary exposures of four population subgroups (girls, boys, male adults, and female adults) to PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs via three food groups were estimated to assessed the potential risks. They were all lower than the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI, 70pgTEQ/kgbw/month) established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive. In these food categories, the exposure to PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs via freshwater fish was the highest one, which accounted for about 20% of PTMI, indicating that it was the major route to expose dioxin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Wu
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangzhou Punuo Environmental Testing and Technology Service Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Deng
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhou
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Hui Liang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Xing-Fen Yang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Jian Wen
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Guangzhou Punuo Environmental Testing and Technology Service Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, PR China; National Testing Center for Food Quality Supervision (Guangdong), Guangdong Testing Institute of Product Quality Supervision, Foshan 528300, PR China
| | - Chao-Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, PR China.
| | - Fei Zou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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25
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Sobral MMC, Cunha SC, Faria MA, Ferreira IM. Domestic Cooking of Muscle Foods: Impact on Composition of Nutrients and Contaminants. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:309-333. [PMID: 33350087 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Meat and fish are muscle foods rich in valuable nutrients, such as high-quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and, in the case of fish, also unsaturated fatty acids. The escalation of meat and fish production has increased the occurrence of pesticide and antibiotic residues, as result of pest control on feed crops, and antibiotics used to fight infections in animals. Meat and fish are usually cooked to enrich taste, soften texture, increase safety, and improve nutrient digestibility. However, the impact of cooking on nutritional properties and formation of deleterious compounds must be understood. This review summarizes studies, published in the last decade, that have focused on how domestic cooking affects: (i) composition of nutrients (protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals); (ii) antibiotic and pesticide residue contents; and (iii) the formation of cooking-induced contaminants (heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and thermal degradation products of antibiotics and pesticides). Cooking affects the nutritional composition of meat and fish; frying is the cooking method that causes the greatest impact. Cooking may reduce the pesticide and antibiotic residues present in contaminated raw meat and fish; however, it may result in the formation of degradation products of unknown identity and toxicity. Control of cooking time and temperature, use of antioxidant-rich marinades, and avoiding the dripping of fat during charcoal grilling can reduce the formation of cooking-induced contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Madalena C Sobral
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Dept. de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia - Univ. do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Dept. de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia - Univ. do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Faria
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Dept. de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia - Univ. do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Mplvo Ferreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Dept. de Ciências Químicas, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Hidrologia, Faculdade de Farmácia - Univ. do Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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26
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Quadroni S, Bettinetti R. Health risk assessment for the consumption of fresh and preserved fish (Alosa agone) from Lago di Como (Northern Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:571-578. [PMID: 28441638 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although banned in many countries for decades, DDTs and PCBs still represent a global threat to food safety. As these contaminants are still present in aquatic ecosystems, fish can be an important contributor to their total dietary intake. OBJECTIVES Alosa agone specimens were sampled over a period of 10 years (from 2006 to 2015) to provide a representative overview of the DDT and PCB levels of Lago di Como, a deep Italian lake where a DDT input due to secondary sources was observed in recent years. The potential health risk from the consumption of both fresh and preserved fish was evaluated. RESULTS While DDT levels have generally decreased during the monitored period, reaching quite stable levels, PCB concentrations were variable, with values exceeding, in some cases, the European Union limit for human consumption and enabling potential carcinogenic effects. However, typical local processing of this fish species markedly appeared to decrease these contaminant levels, thus making the fish product (called missoltino) a safer food. CONCLUSIONS The results of this work highlighted the need of continuous biomonitoring of those contaminants considered a past issue along with the emergent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Quadroni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, and Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Roberta Bettinetti
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, and Via JH Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
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THOMPSON LA, DARWISH WS, IKENAKA Y, NAKAYAMA SMM, MIZUKAWA H, ISHIZUKA M. Organochlorine pesticide contamination of foods in Africa: incidence and public health significance. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:751-764. [PMID: 28302941 PMCID: PMC5402199 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used worldwide, particularly in Africa, for several decades. Although many are banned, several African countries still use OCPs especially for the prevention and control of malaria. OCPs are characterized by their bio-accumulation in the environment, especially in the food chain, where they find their way into the human body. Despite no clear epidemiological studies confirming hazardous effects of these chemicals on human health, many studies have reported positive associations between the use of OCPs and neurological and reproductive disorders, and cancer risk. There is a clear gap in published reports on OCPs in Africa and their potential health hazards. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the incidence of OCP contamination in various foods in Africa, to demonstrate the potential transmission of these chemicals to people and to discuss their possible health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesa A. THOMPSON
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Wageh Sobhy DARWISH
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44510, Egypt
| | - Yoshinori IKENAKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and
Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shouta M. M. NAKAYAMA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki MIZUKAWA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
| | - Mayumi ISHIZUKA
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental
Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
060-0818, Japan
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Walczak M, Reichert M. Characteristics of selected bioaccumulative substances and their impact on fish health. J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this article was to evaluate the influence and effects of chosen bioaccumulative substances i.e. heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on fish, as well as provide information on time trends and potential threat to human health. Chemical substances which pollute water may affect living organisms in two ways. First of all, large amounts of chemical substances may cause sudden death of a significant part of the population of farmed fish, without symptoms (i.e. during breakdown of factories or industrial sewage leaks). However, more frequently, chemical substances accumulate in tissues of living organisms affecting them chronically. Heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls are persistent substances with a long-lasting biodegradation process. In a water environment they usually accumulate in sediments, which makes them resistant to biodegradation processes induced by, e.g., the UV light. These substances enter the fish through direct consumption of contaminated water or by contact with skin and gills. Symptoms of intoxication with heavy metals, pesticides, and PCBs may vary and depend on the concentration and bioavailability of these substances, physicochemical parameters of water, and the fish itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Walczak
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Michał Reichert
- Department of Fish Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
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29
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Quansah R, Bend JR, Abdul-Rahaman A, Armah FA, Luginaah I, Essumang DK, Iddi S, Chevrier J, Cobbina SJ, Nketiah-Amponsah E, Adu-Kumi S, Darko G, Afful S. Associations between pesticide use and respiratory symptoms: A cross-sectional study in Southern Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:245-254. [PMID: 27318967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indiscriminate use of pesticides is a common practice amongst farmers in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) across the globe. However, there is little evidence defining whether pesticide use is associated with respiratory symptoms. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study was conducted with 300 vegetable farmers in southern Ghana (Akumadan). Data on pesticide use was collected with an interviewed-administered questionnaire. The concentration of seven organochlorine pesticides and 3 pyrethroid pesticides was assayed in urine collected from a sub-population of 100 vegetable farmers by a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). RESULTS A statistically significant exposure-response relationship of years per day spent mixing/applying fumigant with wheezing [30-60 days/year: prevalence ratio (PR)=1.80 (95% CI 1.30, 2.50); >60days/year: 3.25 (1.70-6.33), p for trend=0.003] and hours per day spent mixing/applying fumigant with wheezing [1-2h/day: 1.20 (1.02-1.41), 3-5h/day: 1.45 (1.05-1.99), >5h/day: 1.74 (1.07-2.81), p for trend=0.0225]; days per year spent mixing/applying fungicide with wheezing [30-60 days/year: 2.04 (1.31-3.17); >60days/year: 4.16 (1.72-10.08), p for trend=0.0017] and h per day spent mixing/applying fungicide with phlegm production [1-2h/day: 1.25 (1.05-1.47), 3-5h/day: 1.55 (1.11-2.17), >5h/day: 1.93 (1.17-3.19), p for trend=0.0028] and with wheezing [1-2h/day: 1.10 (1.00-1.50), 3-5h/day: 1.20 (1.11-1.72), >5h/day: 1.32 (1.09-2.53), p for trend=0.0088]; h per day spent mixing/applying insecticide with phlegm production [1-2h/day: 1.23 (1.09-1.62), 3-5h/day: 1.51 (1.20-2.58), >5h/day: 1.85 (1.31-4.15), p for trend=0.0387] and wheezing [1-2h/day: 1.22 (1.02-1.46), 3-5h/day: 1.49 (1.04-2.12), >5h/day: 1.81 (1.07-3.08), p for trend=0.0185] were observed. Statistically significant exposure-response association was also observed for a combination of activities that exposes farmers to pesticide with all 3 respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, significant exposure-response associations for 3 organochlorine insecticides: beta-HCH, heptachlor and endosulfan sulfate were noted. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, vegetable farmers in Ghana may be at increased risk for respiratory symptoms as a result of exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Quansah
- Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - John R Bend
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Abukari Abdul-Rahaman
- Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frederick Ato Armah
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Kofi Essumang
- Environmental Health Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Samuel Iddi
- Department of Statistics, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuel Jerry Cobbina
- Department of Ecotourism and Environmental Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, University for Development Studies, Nyankpala, Ghana
| | | | - Samuel Adu-Kumi
- Chemicals Control and Management Centre, Environmental Protection Agency, Accra, Ghana
| | - Godfred Darko
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Samuel Afful
- Nuclear Chemistry and Environmental Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana
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Agbo IA, Abaye D. Levels of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Plastic Resin Pellets from Six Beaches on the Accra-Tema Coastline, Ghana. J Health Pollut 2016; 6:9-17. [PMID: 30524793 PMCID: PMC6221483 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-6-11.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organic compounds, known to be carcinogenic and banned by the Stockholm Convention. PCBs are hydrophobic substances able to accumulate in organic materials, including plastic pellets. Plastic resin pellets are industrial raw materials that are remolded finished products for industrial and domestic use, commonly used for packaging. Plastic resin pellets were chosen as the medium for monitoring hydrophobic contaminants because they are able to adsorb PCB contaminants. Pellets can be unintentionally washed into the ocean where hydrophobic contaminants such as PCBs are also deposited. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify PCB congeners and quantify PCB pollution levels in the marine environment using resin plastic pellets collected from six beaches along the Accra-Tema coastline in Ghana. METHODS Plastic resin pellets (5 g) were extracted with 200 mL of n-hexane for 16 hours by Soxhlet extraction. Concentrations of PCBs from the extracts were determined using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. RESULTS The individual PCB congeners detected were PCB 28, 52, 101, 105, 138, 153, 156 and 180. PCB 28 was detected at all six beaches, with a total concentration of 43.5 ng/g pellet (mean/beach 7.25 +/- 2.47 ng/g pellet; CV = 34%), while PCB 138 was only detected on one beach (Castle Beach) at a total concentration of 0.8 ng/g pellet. The concentration of PCBs ranged from 7.4 ng/g (Sunset Beach) to 47.5 ng/g (Castle Beach) (mean 16.4±15.4 ng/g per beach; CV=94%). DISCUSSION PCB concentrations at Castle Beach have been studied previously, showing an increase from 39 ng/g to 47.5 ng/g, whereas levels decreased significantly from 28 ng/g to 14.2 ng/g in Sakumono Beach over the span of three years. CONCLUSIONS The concentrations of four detected PCB congeners (28, 52, 101 and 156) were significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) allowable daily intake of 6 ng/g food per day for PCBs. A more efficient industrial and domestic waste disposal system is advocated for Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A. Agbo
- Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31 Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Daniel Abaye
- School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31 Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
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Okoffo ED, Fosu-Mensah BY, Gordon C. Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in cocoa beans from Ghana, a concern for public health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-016-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fosu-Mensah BY, Okoffo ED, Darko G, Gordon C. Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residues in soils and drinking water sources from cocoa farms in Ghana. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:869. [PMID: 27386318 PMCID: PMC4920806 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Residues of organochlorine pesticides were determined in soils and drinking water sources in cocoa growing areas in Ghana. Soil samples analysed showed the presence of four organochlorine pesticide residues namely lindane (0.005–0.05 mg/kg), beta-HCH (<0.01–0.05 mg/kg), dieldrin (0.005–0.02 mg/kg), and p,p′-DDT (0.005–0.04 mg/kg), with dieldrin occurring most frequently. Similarly, organochlorine pesticide residues detected in the water samples were lindane (0.01–0.03 µg/l), alpha-endosulfan (0.01–0.03 µg/l), endosulfan-sulphate (0.01–0.04 µg/l), dieldrin (0.01–0.03 µg/l) and p,p′-DDT (0.01–0.04 µg/l), with heptachlor occurring most frequently. The concentrations of the detected organochlorine residues in the soil samples were below their respective US maximum residues limits (MRLs) for agricultural soils, except for lindane recorded at Kwakuanya (S4) and beta-HCH recorded at Krakrom (S3) and Kwakuanya (S4). Similarly, the organochlorine pesticide residues recorded in the water samples were below and within their respective WHO MRLs for drinking water except for alpha-endosulfan at Diabaa (S2) and Kwakuanya (S4) at distance 0–15 m and Kwakuanya (S4) at distance 16–30 m, endosulfan-sulfate at Nkrankwanta (S1) and Diabaa (S2) at distance 0–15 m and heptachlor at Krakrom (S3) at distance 16–30 m which were above their WHO MRLs. The presence of the banned organochlorine pesticide residues in soil and water samples from the study area indicates that these chemicals are still being used, illegally, on some cocoa farms. Routine monitoring of pesticide residues in the study area is necessary for the prevention, control and reduction of environmental pollution to minimize health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta Y Fosu-Mensah
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies (IESS), University of Ghana, P. O. Box 209, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Elvis D Okoffo
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies (IESS), University of Ghana, P. O. Box 209, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Godfred Darko
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies (IESS), University of Ghana, P. O. Box 209, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Sun R, Luo X, Tang B, Li Z, Wang T, Tao L, Mai B. Persistent halogenated compounds in fish from rivers in the Pearl River Delta, South China: Geographical pattern and implications for anthropogenic effects on the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:371-378. [PMID: 26821261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three fish species, mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella), tilapia (Tilapia nilotica), and plecostomus (Hypostomus plecostomus), from rivers in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and Dechlorane Plus (DP). The concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, PCBs, PBDEs, DBDPE, and DP ranged from 380-57,000, 5.5-100, 30-4200, 6.9-690, 0.29-460, and 0.09-20ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Congener profiles or chemical compositions of PBDEs, DPs, DDTs, and HCHs in plecostomus differed significantly from those in the other two fish species, which can be ascribed to species-specific metabolism. DDTs derived from historical residue and land erosion remained the predominant pollutants in the PRD, while industrial and urban activities resulted in elevated levels of PCBs and PBDEs in the metropolitan area. E-waste recycling activities have greatly impacted on the adjacent aquatic environment, and the potential point source for DBDPE was also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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Robinson T, Ali U, Mahmood A, Chaudhry MJI, Li J, Zhang G, Jones KC, Malik RN. Concentrations and patterns of organochlorines (OCs) in various fish species from the Indus River, Pakistan: A human health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1232-1242. [PMID: 26476063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to reveal the concentrations and patterns of organochlorines [i.e., organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] in freshwater fish species collected from four ecologically important sites of the Indus River i.e., Taunsa (TAU), Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), Guddu (GUD) and Sukkur (SUK). In the fish muscle tissues, concentrations of 15 OCPs (∑15OCPs) and 29 PCBs (∑29PCBs) varied between 1.93-61.9 and 0.81-44.2 ng/g wet weight (ww), respectively. Overall, the rank order of OCs was DDTs>PCBs>hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs)>chlordanes (CHLs). The patterns of PCBs showed maximum contribution of tri-CBs (59%). Ratios of individual HCH and DDT analytes contributing to the summed values indicated both recent and past use of these chemicals in the region, depending upon fish species. To assess the associated health risks, carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were calculated through hazard ratios (HRs). For carcinogenic risk, HR was >1 at both 50th and 95th percentile concentrations, suggesting that the daily exposure to OCPs and PCBs yields a lifetime cancer risk of 1 in a million. HR for non-cancerous risk was <1 at both the percentiles, signifying no adverse effect by OCs exposure in native population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timmer Robinson
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Mahmood
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Centre for Chemicals Management, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Goutner V, Bakaloudis DE, Papakosta MA, Vlachos CG, Mattig FR, Pijanowska U, Becker PH. Organochlorine and mercury residues in eggs of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) from a long term study in the eastern Mediterranean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 207:196-204. [PMID: 26386205 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine and mercury residues were analyzed in unhatched eggs of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni) (2002-2012) in central Greece. Concentrations graded as ∑DDTs > ∑PCBs > HCB > ∑HCHs > ∑Chlordanes. Temporal declines were found in the concentrations of ∑DDTs, ∑HCHs and ∑Chlordanes but not in Hg, HCB and ∑PCBs. TEQs of PCBs and their degree of metabolisation showed no time trend. The reproductive parameters showed neither a temporal trend nor a significant year effect. No relationships occurred between the reproductive parameters per year and nest type (natural, artificial) with any of the contaminants analyzed except HCB influenced by year and clutch size. Low pollutant concentrations suggest that either lesser kestrels ranged across the year in unpolluted areas or may be caused by their short food chain. The low concentrations seem improbable to have affected the reproduction of these birds, although critical levels are still to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Goutner
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios E Bakaloudis
- School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 241, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Malamati A Papakosta
- School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 241, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos G Vlachos
- School of Forestry and Natural Environment, Laboratory of Wildlife & Freshwater Fisheries, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 241, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Frank R Mattig
- Institute of Avian Research "Vogelwarte Helgoland", An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Ursula Pijanowska
- Institute of Avian Research "Vogelwarte Helgoland", An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter H Becker
- Institute of Avian Research "Vogelwarte Helgoland", An der Vogelwarte 21, D-26386 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
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Eqani SAMAS, Cincinelli A, Mehmood A, Malik RN, Zhang G. Occurrence, bioaccumulation and risk assessment of dioxin-like PCBs along the Chenab river, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 206:688-695. [PMID: 26342456 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the occurrence, distribution and dietary risks of seven dl-PCBs (dioxin-like PCBs) in eleven collected fish species from Chenab river, Pakistan. ∑7dl-PCBs (ng g(-1), wet weight) burden was species-specific and the maximum average concentrations were found in Mastacembelus armatus (5.43), and Rita rita (5.1). Correlation of each dl-PCBs with δ(15)N%, indicated a food chain accumulation process of these chemicals into Chenab river, Pakistan. Species-specific toxicity of each dl-PCBs (WHO-PCBs TEQ) was calculated and higher values were found in three carnivore fish species i.e., M. armatus (2.5 pg TEQ g(-1)), R. rita (2.47 pg TEQ g(-1)), Securicola gora (2.98 pg TEQ g(-1)) and herbivore fish species i.e., Cirrhinus mrigala (2.44 pg TEQ g(-1)). The EDI (Estimated Daily Intake) values in most cases exceeded the WHO benchmark (4 pg WHO-TEQ kg(-1) bw d(-1)) evidencing a potential health risk for consumers via fish consumption from Chenab river.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Istituto per la Dinamica dei Processi Ambientali (CNR-IDPA), Venezia, Italy
| | - Adeel Mehmood
- State Key Lab of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Organic Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China
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Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M, Wang P, Li Y, Kiremire BT, Kasozi GN, Zhu C, Ren D, Shang H, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments and fish species from the Murchison Bay of Lake Victoria, Uganda. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 500-501:1-10. [PMID: 25217739 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in sediments and fish from the Murchison Bay of Lake Victoria by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Average concentrations of total (Σ) PCDD/Fs and ΣPBDEs in sediments ranged from 68.8 to 479 pg g(-1) dry weight (dw) and 60.8 to 179 pg g(-1) dw, respectively. Contamination levels of sedimentary PCDD/Fs and PBDEs were low to moderate compared to other urbanized regions worldwide. The concentrations in different fish species (Nile perch; Lates niloticus and Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus) were 5.32 to 49.0 pg g(-1) wet weight (ww) for PCDD/Fs and 59.3 to 495 pg g(-1) ww for PBDEs. Higher concentrations of the pollutants were found in L. niloticus than O. niloticus, which could be attributed to species differences in feeding habits and lifestyles. World Health Organization-toxic equivalents (WHO2005-TEQs) for PCDD/Fs ranged from 0.08 to 0.33 pgTEQg(-1) dw and 0.001-0.14 pg TEQg(-1) ww in sediments and fish, respectively. The TEQ values were low compared to the data for fresh water fish reported in literature and within a permissible level of 3.5 pg g(-1) ww recommended by the European Commission. Based on the Commission set value and minimum risk level criteria formulated by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, the fish from the Murchison Bay was fit for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bernard T Kiremire
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gabriel N Kasozi
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chaofei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Daiwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongtao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Polder A, Müller MB, Lyche JL, Mdegela RH, Nonga HE, Mabiki FP, Mbise TJ, Skaare JU, Sandvik M, Skjerve E, Lie E. Levels and patterns of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) from four different lakes in Tanzania: geographical differences and implications for human health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 488-489:252-260. [PMID: 24836134 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Tanzania fish is one of the most important protein sources for the rapidly increasing population. Wild fish is threatened by overfishing and pollution from agriculture, industries, mining, household effluents and vector control. To monitor possible implications for public health, the geographical differences of the occurrence and levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) from four different Tanzanian lakes were investigated in 2011. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyls (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) were determined in pooled samples of tilapia muscle from Lake (L) Victoria, L. Tanganyika, L. Nyasa (also called L. Malawi) and L. Babati in Tanzania in 2011. Levels of Σ-DDTs (274 ng/g lipid weight (lw)) and sum of 7 indicator PCBs (Σ-7PCBs) (17 ng/g lw) were significantly higher in tilapia from L. Tanganyika compared to the other lakes. The highest levels of Σ-endosulfan (94 ng/g lw) were detected in tilapia from L. Victoria. Toxaphenes were detected in low levels in fish from L. Tanganyika and L. Babati. Results revealed a geographic difference in the use of DDT and endosulfan between L. Victoria and L. Tanganyika. Low ratios of DDE/DDT in tilapia from L. Tanganyika indicated an on-going use of DDT in the area. Median levels of ΣBDEs, including BDE-209, were highest in L. Victoria (19.4 ng/g lw) and BDE-209 was present in 68% of the samples from this lake. The presence of BDE-209 indicates increasing influence of imported products from heavy industrialized countries. The measured POP levels in the studied tilapia were all below MRLs of EU or were lower than recommended levels, and thus the fish is considered as safe for human consumption. They may, however, pose a risk to the fish species and threaten biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polder
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - M B Müller
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - J L Lyche
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - R H Mdegela
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - H E Nonga
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, P.O. Box 3021, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - F P Mabiki
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 3038, Solomon Mahlangu Campus, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - T J Mbise
- Tanzania Association of Public, Occupation and Environmental Health Experts (TAPOHE), P.O. Box 732, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - J U Skaare
- The Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Sandvik
- The Norwegian Veterinary Institute (NVI), P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - E Skjerve
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - E Lie
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Campus Adamstuen, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadallèen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
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Ssebugere P, Sillanpää M, Wang P, Li Y, Kiremire BT, Kasozi GN, Zhu C, Ren D, Zhu N, Zhang H, Shang H, Zhang Q, Jiang G. Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments and fish species from the Murchison Bay of Lake Victoria, Uganda. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 482-483:349-357. [PMID: 24662203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in sediments and two fish species collected from the Murchison Bay in Lake Victoria, using high resolution gas chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer. Total PCB concentrations (Σ18PCBs) varied widely with mean values ranging from 777 to 4325pg g(-1) dry weight (dw) for sediments and 80 to 779pg g(-1) wet weight (ww) for fish. The PCB levels in the sediments were significantly higher at the station closest to Nakivubo channel, presumably due to effluents discharged by the channel, which may contain domestically produced commercial PCB mixtures. For fish, the concentrations in Nile perch (Lates niloticus) were significantly greater than those in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at all study stations, possibly due to dietary differences among species. World Health Organization-toxic equivalents (WHO2005-TEQs) for the dioxin-like PCBs were 0.04-0.64pg g(-1) dw and 0.01-0.39pg g(-1) ww for sediments and fish, respectively. The non-ortho PCBs exhibited the highest contribution to the Σ12TEQs (>75%) compared to the mono-ortho PCBs in both fish species. The TEQs in the present study were lower than many reported worldwide in literature for fish and were within the permissible level recommended by the European Commission, implying that the fish did not pose health hazards related to PCBs to the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Lappeenranta University of Technology, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bernard T Kiremire
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gabriel N Kasozi
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chaofei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Daiwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nali Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hongtao Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Hogarh JN, Seike N, Kobara Y, Ofosu-Budu GK, Carboo D, Masunaga S. Atmospheric burden of organochlorine pesticides in Ghana. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 102:1-5. [PMID: 24210596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are subject to the Stockholm Convention on POPs and have been banned or restricted globally. In Ghana, concerns of illicit applications of some OCPs have been raised in recent times. Applying polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers (PAS), the levels of OCPs in the atmosphere and their spatial resolution were investigated. It was the first nationwide coverage of OCPs monitoring in Ghana. ∑DDTs and endusulfans constituted the highest burden of atmospheric OCPs in Ghana, at average concentrations of 156±36 and 153±28 pg m(-3), respectively. Mirex had the lowest concentration (0.2±0.01 pg m(-3)). From the chemical signatures of the various OCPs, we deduced that DDT, endosulfans and heptachlor were freshly applied at certain sites, which were all agricultural sites. The OCPs were spatially resolved as a function of the types of crops cultivated in different areas, legacy issues and recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Hogarh
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - N Seike
- National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Y Kobara
- National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - G K Ofosu-Budu
- University of Ghana Agricultural Research Centre - Kade, College of Agricultural and Consumer Sciences, Legon, Ghana
| | - D Carboo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box 56, Legon, Ghana
| | - S Masunaga
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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41
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Verhaert V, Covaci A, Bouillon S, Abrantes K, Musibono D, Bervoets L, Verheyen E, Blust R. Baseline levels and trophic transfer of persistent organic pollutants in sediments and biota from the Congo River Basin (DR Congo). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 59:290-302. [PMID: 23872388 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs: (PCBs, PBDEs, DDTs, HCHs, CHLs and HCB) in sediments and biota from the middle Congo River Basin (CRB) and to investigate their trophic transfer through the aquatic food web using nitrogen stable isotope ratios. To our knowledge, no data on levels of POPs in sediment and biota from the CRB are present in the literature, and studies on trophic transfer and biomagnification profiles of POPs using δ(15)N are scarce in tropical regions. POP levels in the sediment and biota were low, with exception of total PCB levels found in fish from the Itimbiri River (1.4 to 44ng/g ww). Compared to concentrations found in fish from pristine to relatively industrial developed areas, the ∑PCB levels in fish from the Itimbiri were high, indicating the presence of a local PCB contamination source in this catchment. Based on minimum risk level criteria formulated by ATSDR, the consumption of PCB contaminated fish from the Itimbiri river poses a potential risk for humans. The POP levels in biota were not significantly related to the POP levels in sediments, and the BSAF concept (Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor) was found to be a poor predictor of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of environmental pollutants in the present study. With increasing trophic levels, a significant increase in PCB 95, 101, 110, 138, 146, 149, 153, 174, 180 & 187 and p,p'-DDT in Itimbiri and BDE 47 & 99 in Itimbiri, Aruwimi & Lomami river basins was observed. Trophic magnification factors were higher than 1, indicating that biomagnification occurs through the tropical food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Verhaert
- Systemic Physiological & Ecotoxicological Research, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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Ssebugere P, Kiremire BT, Henkelmann B, Bernhöft S, Kasozi GN, Wasswa J, Schramm KW. PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in fish species from Lake Victoria, East Africa. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:317-321. [PMID: 23648330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Two commercially important fish species, Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) belonging to different trophic levels were collected from the Napoleon Gulf and Thurston Bay in Lake Victoria. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were extracted from the fish muscles and livers using the (13)C isotope dilution method, followed by multiple column chromatography clean-up. Analysis was achieved by a high resolution gas chromatography coupled with a high resolution mass spectrometer. The concentrations of analytes ranged from 0.07 to 0.59pgg(-1) fresh weight (fw) and 0.3-19.0pgg(-1) in L. niloticus and 0.06-0.18 and 0.2-15.7pgg(-1) in O. niloticus, for ∑PCDD/Fs and ∑dl-PCBs, respectively. Differences in congener concentrations were observed between the two fish species and study sites, and this was attributed to differences in feeding habits and trophic levels. World Health Organization-toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs) were in the range 0.01-0.16pgTEQg(-1) for the PCDD/Fs and 0.001-0.74pgTEQg(-1) for the dl-PCBs. The TEQ values in the present study were lower compared to those of most fish samples reported in literature and were within permissible levels recommended by the European Union, implying that the fish was fit for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ssebugere
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
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Meimaridou A, Haasnoot W, Shelver WL, Franek M, Nielen MWF. Multiplex immunoassay for persistent organic pollutants in tilapia: comparison of imaging- and flow cytometry-based platforms using spectrally encoded paramagnetic microspheres. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:843-52. [PMID: 23656318 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.769138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in spectrally encoded microspheres (SEMs)-based technologies provide high multiplexing possibilities. Most SEMs-based assays require a flow cytometer with sophisticated fluidics and optics. A new imaging super-paramagnetic SEMs-based alternative platform transports SEMs with considerably less fluid volume into a measuring chamber. Once there SEMs are held in a monolayer by a magnet. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are focused on the chamber to illuminate the SEMs - instead of lasers and they are imaged by a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector, offering a more compact sized, transportable and affordable system. The feasibility of utilising this system to develop a 3-plex SEMs-based imaging immunoassay (IMIA) for the screening of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was studied. Moreover the performance characteristics of 3-plex IMIA were critically compared with the conventional 3-plex flow cytometric immunoassay (FCIA). Both SEM technologies have potential for the multiplex analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in buffer and fish extract with insignificant differences in assay sensitivities. Furthermore, we developed a faster and simpler, modified QuEChERS-like generic POPs extraction from tilapia fillet using sodium hydrogen carbonate as one of the salt additives and dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) as a clean-up. Finally, a preliminary in-house validation using 40 different blank and spiked tilapia fillet samples was performed in both systems and the results obtained were critically compared. The lower-cost imaging SEMs-based system performed similarly to the original flow cytometer and, in combination with the new quicker QuEChERS-like extraction, it has high potential for future rapid screening of POPs in several other sample matrices such as other fish species, vegetable refined oils and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Meimaridou
- RIKILT-Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Olivella MÀ, Caixach J, Planas C, Oliveras A, Jové P. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in cork bark. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:754-758. [PMID: 22133910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides are persistent lipophilic organic pollutants and tend to accumulate in growing plants. During growth, cork is in contact with the open air for long periods (9-12 years). Owing to the previous widespread use of organochlorine pesticides and their high persistence in the environment, there is a risk that residues of such pesticides may be present in cork. In this study, the concentrations of 14 organochlorine pesticides-all of which are indicators of environmental pollution-were analyzed in cork bark samples from three regions in Spain and one in Portugal. In addition, the concentrations of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) were also analyzed. Our results show only very low concentrations of lindane, γ-HCH (<2.6 ng g(-1)) and its byproducts α-HCH (<3.5 ng g(-1)) and β-HCH (<0.6 ng g(-1)). Among the DDT and its metabolites, only two were found: p,p'-DDT was found in a cork sample from Extremadura (0.1 ng g(-1)) and p,p'-DDE was present at a maximum concentration of 2.9 ng g(-1) in a cork sample from Castile-La Mancha. However, all concentrations were well below the legal limit established by Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 (10 ng g(-1) in foodstuffs). We can conclude, therefore, that the cork samples we studied complied with food safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Àngels Olivella
- University of Girona, Department of Chemistry, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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Wepener V, Smit N, Covaci A, Dyke S, Bervoets L. Seasonal bioaccumulation of organohalogens in tigerfish, Hydrocynus vittatus Castelnau, from Lake Pongolapoort, South Africa. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 88:277-282. [PMID: 22033654 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-011-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study determined current exposure of tigerfish in Lake Pongolaqpoort to organohalogens. Levels of DDT, PCB, HCB, HCH, PBDE and CHLs were measured in tigerfish muscle on a seasonal basis. Historical use of DDT was reflected in the bioaccumulation patterns (5,400-6,000 ng/g lipid) as well as current use of HCBs (7.7-15.7 ng/g lipid) in the agricultural areas. External factors, i.e. increased flow did not play a role in organic pollutant exposure. Levels are a function of the lipid content of the muscle tissue, i.e. 3.8% during low and 9% during high flow, implying that organohalogen exposure remains fairly constant throughout the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Wepener
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Aquatic Research, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
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Jeong GH, Moon JY, Moon DH. Analysis of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs, PCDFs, and DL-PCBs in muscle of crucian carp (Carassius auratus and Carassius cuvieri) from major rivers and lakes. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2011.24.6.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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