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Rojo M, Ball AL, Penrose MT, Weir SM, LeBaron H, Terasaki M, Cobb GP, Lavado R. Accumulation of Parabens, Their Metabolites, and Halogenated Byproducts in Migratory Birds of Prey: A Comparative Study in Texas and North Carolina, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:2365-2376. [PMID: 39172001 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that are commonly used as preservatives in personal care products such as cosmetics. Recent studies have revealed the presence of parabens in surface and tap water because of their use as disinfection products; however, little is known about their occurrence in biological samples and their bioaccumulation potential, particularly in raptor birds known as sentinels for pollutant detection. We examined the occurrence and tissue distribution of parabens, their metabolites, and halogenated byproducts in the liver, kidney, brain, and muscle of birds of prey from Texas and North Carolina (USA). Methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP) were detected in more than 50% of all tissues examined, with the kidney exhibiting the highest concentration of MeP (0.65-6.84 ng/g wet wt). Para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a primary metabolite, had the highest detection frequency (>50%) and a high accumulation range in the liver, of 4.64 to 12.55 ng/g. The chlorinated compounds chloromethylparaben and chloroethylparaben were found in over half of the tissues, of which dichloromethylparaben (2.20-3.99 ng/g) and dichloroethylparaben (1.01-5.95 ng/g) in the kidney exhibited the highest concentrations. The dibrominated derivatives dibromideethylparaben (Br2EtP) was detected in more than 50% of samples, particularly in muscle and brain. Concentrations in the range of 0.14 to 17.38 ng/g of Br2EtP were detected in the kidney. Dibromidepropylparaben (Br2PrP) was not frequently detected, but concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 21.70 ng/g in muscle. The accumulations of total amounts (sum) of parent parabens (∑P), metabolites (∑M), and halogenated byproducts (∑H) in different species were not significantly different, but their distribution in tissues differed among the species. Positive correlations were observed among MeP, PrP, BuP, and PHBA in the liver, suggesting similar origins and metabolic pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2365-2376. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Rojo
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ashley L Ball
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Mike T Penrose
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Scott M Weir
- Department of Biology, Queens University of Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Masanori Terasaki
- Division of Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - George P Cobb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
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Li L, Ai J, He H, Hu A, Su P, Zhou H, Wang D, Zhang W. Molecular-level insights into the transformation and degradation pathways of dissolved organic matter during full-scale swine wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168604. [PMID: 37979879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of swine farming has resulted in the generation of a large amount of swine wastewater (SW), and dissolved organic matter (DOM) has a crucial role in determining the efficiency and safety of SW treatment. In this study, the transformation and influential mechanisms of DOM on the quality of SW effluent during full-scale SW treatment in actual engineering were systematically investigated using multispectral analysis and the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) technique. The results showed that S-containing, reduced, saturated, and less aromatic molecules were preferentially removed in the C-AF, while C-S preferentially removed reduced, unsaturated, and aromatic molecules, as well as molecules with large molecular weights. And in the two-stage A/O, the degradation of organic matter and DOM transformation occurred mainly in the A/O-1, with the A/O-2 acting as a supplement to further enhance the humification of DOM. Furthermore, the AOP preferentially removed lignin-like and highly unsaturated compounds, replacing them with a new generation of substances such as proteins and tannins with low aromaticity and unsaturation. More deeply, oxygen addition reactions dominate in both A/O and AOP. Specifically, the most common types of reactions in the A/O were the corresponding potential precursor-product pairs based on methyl to carboxylic acid (-H2 + O2) and alcohol to carboxylic acid (-H2 + O), while tri-hydroxylation (+O3) and di-hydroxylation (+H2O2) reactions were predominant in the AOP. Finally, the study's findings might suggest improving the actual engineering by prioritizing the AOP before the A/O-2 and using the C-S for safeguard treatment of the A/O-2 effluent. It is reliable that this kind of adjustment guarantees safe drainage indications and raises each process unit's efficiency in purifying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfeng Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ai
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hang He
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Peng Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100085 Beijing, China.
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Chen X, Zhao G, Yang Z, Li Q. Molecular comparison of organic matter removal from shale gas flowback wastewater: Ozonation versus Fenton process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167147. [PMID: 37730067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Shale gas extraction process generates a large amount of shale gas flowback wastewater (SGFW) containing refractory organic compounds, which can pose serious environmental threats if not properly treated. However, the extremely complex compositions of organics in SGFW are still unknown and their transformation pathways in O3- and •OH-dominated systems are not well recognized, which restrain the selection of treatment technology and optimization of operational parameters. The removal characteristics and reaction mechanism of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in SGFW treated by ozonation and Fenton processes were comparatively investigated using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The results showed that both processes could degrade low-oxygen highly unsaturated and phenolic organics, polyphenolics and polycyclic aromatics, and transform them into aliphatic organics and high-oxygen highly unsaturated and phenolic organics. With increasing action of reactive oxygen species (O3 for ozonation and •OH for Fenton process), the degradation products (mainly aliphatic organics) increased during ozonation. However, in Fenton process, a wider range of DOM was removed without aliphatic organics accumulation. The degradation mechanisms of DOM during ozonation and Fenton processes included oxygen addition reactions (+3O, +H2O2, and +2O) as dominant pathways. However, ozonation showed more violent oxygenation, hydroxylation, and carboxylation, while Fenton process presented more violent chain-breaking reactions. These results revealed the selective oxidation of ozone and nonselective oxidation of •OH during SGFW treatment, and provided theoretical support for selecting SGFW treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China
| | - Guonan Zhao
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China
| | - Zhuowen Yang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 611756, China.
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Chen W, Gu Z, He C, Li Q. Molecular Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Unknown Ozonation Byproducts during the Treatment of Flocculated Nanofiltration Leachate Concentrates Using O 3 and UV/O 3 Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20349-20359. [PMID: 37942774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Both ozone (O3) and UV/O3 treatment processes can effectively remove organic matter in the flocculated membrane filtration concentrate from landfill leachate, but the ozonation byproducts (OBPs) generated in the processes remain unknown. Using electrospray ionization-coupled Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS), this study investigated the molecular characteristics of unknown OBPs and their formation mechanisms during the treatment of flocculated nanofiltration concentrate (FNFC) using the O3 and UV/O3 processes. The results showed that after being treated by the O3 and UV/O3 processes, the average value of the oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O/Cavg) in the FNFC organic matter increased substantially from 0.49 to 0.61-0.64 and 0.63-0.71, respectively, with an O3 dosage of 13.4-54.4 mg/min. The main OBPs were CHO and CHON compounds, which were mainly produced through oxygenation (+O2/+O3 and -H2+O2), oxidative deamination (-NH3+O2), decyclopropyl (-C3H4), and deisopropyl (-C3H6) reactions. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) can intensify these reactions, resulting in an abundance of OBPs with a high oxidation degree and low molecular weight. OBPs at five m/z values were fragmented and analyzed with tandem mass spectrometry, and abundant hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, and carbonyl groups were tentatively identified, presenting a potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. Due to the high molecular diversity of the OBPs in FNFC, their lower ΔGCoxo compared to natural fulvic acid, and potential toxicity, their impact on the water environment should be given more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhepei Gu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
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Penrose MT, Cobb GP. Influences of Wastewater Treatment on the Occurrence of Parabens, p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and Their Chlorinated and Hydroxylated Transformation Products in the Brazos River (Texas, USA). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:105-118. [PMID: 37558810 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are ubiquitous, being found in surface waters around the world. Although little is known about the release of paraben transformation products and fate of transformation products in surface water. This study evaluates both parabens and paraben transformation products in the Brazos River upstream and downstream of a wastewater facility located in Waco, Texas. Concentrations of thirteen compounds were reported in this study, five parent parabens and eight paraben disinfection by-products. Analyte concentrations were spatially evaluated to determine if release of wastewater effluent affects their concentrations in the river. Two Brazos River tributaries were also sampled to determine if they released parabens and related compounds to the Brazos. Sampling occurred weekly for one year with at least 40 samples collected at each site. Analyses were completed for both yearly and seasonal data. Sites downstream of wastewater treatment outfalls had lower concentrations of methyl paraben during the yearly analysis and across multiple seasons in the seasonal analysis with average yearly annual methyl paraben concentrations decreasing from 0.83 ng/L at site 3 to 0.09 ng/L at site 4. Para-hydroxybenzoic acid was the compound present in greatest concentration at most sites across most seasons, with the highest average annual concentration of 10.30 ng/L at site 2. Spatial changes in para-hydroxybenzoic acid varied by season, with seasonal trends only identifiable after normalization by flow. Dichlorinated paraben concentrations increased in the river at sites downstream of wastewater treatment with a yearly average dichlorinated methyl paraben concentration of 0.490 ng/L at site 3 to 1.53 at site 4, just downstream of the major wastewater treatment plant. Concentration increases indicate that wastewater effluent contains sufficiently high dichlorinated paraben concentrations to effect concentrations downstream of effluent discharges. Dichlorinated species also persisted in the environment, with no significant decreases at sites further downstream during any season with an annual average dichlorinated methyl paraben concentration of 1.23 ng/L at site 6. Methyl paraben concentrations decreased at the site furthest downstream to a concentration of 0.081 ng/L, while dichlorinated methyl paraben concentrations remained stable with a concentration of 1.10 ng/L at the site furthest downstream. Due to the dichlorinated species being released in higher concentrations in effluent than parents and being more resistant to degradation, the dichlorinated parabens are more likely to be environmentally relevant than are parent parabens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Penrose
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - George P Cobb
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Lee W, Choi S, Kim H, Lee W, Lee M, Son H, Lee C, Cho M, Lee Y. Efficiency of ozonation and O 3/H 2O 2 as enhanced wastewater treatment processes for micropollutant abatement and disinfection with minimized byproduct formation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131436. [PMID: 37146328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation, a viable option for improving wastewater effluent quality, requires process optimization to ensure the organic micropollutants (OMPs) elimination and disinfection under minimized byproduct formation. This study assessed and compared the efficiencies of ozonation (O3) and ozone with hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2) for 70 OMPs elimination, inactivation of three bacteria and three viruses, and formation of bromate and biodegradable organics during the bench-scale O3 and O3/H2O2 treatment of municipal wastewater effluent. 39 OMPs were fully eliminated, and 22 OMPs were considerably eliminated (54 ± 14%) at an ozone dosage of 0.5 gO3/gDOC for their high reactivity to ozone or •OH. The chemical kinetics approach accurately predicted the OMP elimination levels based on the rate constants and exposures of ozone and •OH, where the quantum chemical calculation and group contribution method successfully predicted the ozone and •OH rate constants, respectively. Microbial inactivation levels increased with increasing ozone dosage up to ∼3.1 (bacteria) and ∼2.6 (virus) log10 reductions at 0.7 gO3/gDOC. O3/H2O2 minimized bromate formation but significantly decreased bacteria/virus inactivation, whereas its impact on OMP elimination was insignificant. Ozonation produced biodegradable organics that were removed by a post-biodegradation treatment, achieving up to 24% DOM mineralization. These results can be useful for optimizing O3 and O3/H2O2 processes for enhanced wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongbae Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangki Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; Busan Water Quality Institute, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam 621-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Son
- Busan Water Quality Institute, Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam 621-813, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cho
- SELS Center, Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental & Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunho Lee
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea.
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Jesus F, Domingues E, Bernardo C, Pereira JL, Martins RC, Gomes J. Ozonation of Selected Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in Secondary Effluent-Degradation Kinetics and Environmental Assessment. TOXICS 2022; 10:765. [PMID: 36548598 PMCID: PMC9785417 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of ozonation depends on the water matrix and the reaction time. Herein, these factors were addressed by assessing the removal of five pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by ozonation. The main aims were: (i) to assess the effects of the water matrix on the degradation kinetics of PPCPs, individually and in mixture, following ozonation; and (ii) to assess the ecotoxicological impact of the ozone reaction time on the treatment of a spiked municipal wastewater (MW) added the five PPCPs over several species. The degradation of the PPCPs was faster in ultrapure water, with all PPCPs being removed in 20 min, whereas in the MW, a 30 min ozonation period was required to achieve a removal close to 100%. Increasing the number of PPCPs in the water matrix did not affect the time required for their removal in the MW. Regarding the ecotoxicity assessment, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Daphnia magna were the least sensitive species, whereas Lemna minor was the most sensitive. The temporal variation of the observed effects corroborates the degradation of the added PPCPs and the formation of toxic degradation by-products. The removal of the parent compounds did not guarantee decreased hazardous potential to biological species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eva Domingues
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Bernardo
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana L. Pereira
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui C. Martins
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gomes
- CIEPQPF—Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Arfaeinia H, Asadgol Z, Ramavandi B, Dobaradaran S, Kalantari RR, Poureshgh Y, Behroozi M, Asgari E, Asl FB, Sahebi S. Monitoring and eco-toxicity effect of paraben-based pollutants in sediments/seawater, north of the Persian Gulf. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:4499-4521. [PMID: 35129708 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current work is documented as the first record of the characteristics, removal efficiency, partitioning behavior, fate, and eco-toxicological effects of paraben congeners in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP, stabilization ponds) and hospital WWTPs (septic tank and activated sludge), as well as seawater-sediments collected from runoff estuarine stations (RES) and coastal stations (CS) of the north of the Persian Gulf. The median values of Σparabens at the raw wastewater and effluent of the studied WWTPs were 1884 ng/L and 468 ng/L, respectively. The activated sludge system had a greater removal efficiency (56.10%) in removing ∑parabens than the septic tank (45.05%) and stabilization pond (35.54%). The discharge rates of methyl paraben (MeP) was computed to be 2.23, 21.18, and 9.12 g/d/1000 people for stabilization ponds, septic tank, and activated sludge, respectively. Median concentrations of Σparabens in seawater (103.42 ng/L) and sediments (322.05 ng/g dw) from RES stations were significantly larger than from CS stations (61.2 and 262.0 ng/g dw in seawater and sediments, respectively) (P < 0.05). The median of field-based koc for Σparabens was 130.81 cm3/g in RES stations and 189.51 cm3/g in CS stations. It was observed that the concentration of parabens could have negative impacts on some living aquatic populations (invertebrates and bacteria), but the risk was not significant for fishes and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Arfaeinia
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Zahra Asadgol
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Ramavandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Roshanak Rezaei Kalantari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yusef Poureshgh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Behroozi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Esrafil Asgari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
| | - Farshad Bahrami Asl
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Soleyman Sahebi
- Center of Excellence for Membrane Research and Technology, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Narmak, Tehran, Iran
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Mild Fenton Processes for the Removal of Preservatives: Interfering Effect of Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) on Paraben Degradation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of various preservatives used in the cosmetics industry, including five parabens and their most employed substitute, methylisothiazolinone (MIT), was investigated. A mild photo-Fenton process was applied using low iron concentrations (5 mg/L) at a pH of five, instead of the traditional acidic value of three. At these conditions, the paraben degradation was very low after one hour of reaction and it was necessary to present humic-like substances (HLS) acting as iron chelators to improve the process. Values obtained when MIT was treated were very low, also in the presence of HLS, indicating that their complexing effect was not acting properly. When MIT was added to the mixture of parabens an inhibitory effect was found in the presence of HLS. A possible complex between iron and MIT was suggested and the studies of hydrogen peroxide consumption and Job’s plot technique confirmed this hypothesis. Evidence of the formation of this inactive complex, so far never reported, will be essential in future work when dealing with this compound using Fenton processes. Furthermore, this fact points out the importance of using mixtures of model contaminants instead of a single one or a group of the same family, since their ability to form active or inactive complexes with iron can strongly change the behavior of the whole system.
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Architecture of bimetallic-MOF/silicate derived Co/NC@mSiO2 as peroxymonosulfate activator for highly efficient ciprofloxacin degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Pattanateeradetch A, Sakulthaew C, Angkaew A, Sutjarit S, Poompoung T, Lin YT, Harris CE, Comfort S, Chokejaroenrat C. Fabrication of Ternary Nanoparticles for Catalytic Ozonation to Treat Parabens: Mechanisms, Efficiency, and Effects on Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Eker Leiomyoma Tumor-3 Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3573. [PMID: 36296763 PMCID: PMC9610848 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of parabens in personal care products can result in their leakage into water bodies, especially in public swimming pools with insufficient water treatment. We found that ferrite-based nanomaterials could catalytically enhance ozone efficiency through the production of reactive oxygen species. Our objective was to develop a catalytic ozonation system using ternary nanocomposites that could minimize the ozone supply while ensuring the treated water was acceptable for disposal into the environment. A ternary CuFe2O4/CuO/Fe2O3 nanocomposite (CF) delivered excellent degradation performance in catalytic ozonation systems for butylparaben (BP). By calcining with melamine, we obtained the CF/g-C3N4 (CFM) nanocomposite, which had excellent magnetic separation properties with slightly lower degradation efficiency than CF, due to possible self-agglomeration that reduced its electron capture ability. The presence of other constituent ions in synthetic wastewater and actual discharge water resulted in varying degradation rates due to the formation of secondary active radicals. 1O2 and •O2− were the main dominant reactive species for BP degradation, which originated from the O3 adsorption that occurs on the CF≡Cu(I)−OH and CF≡Fe(III)−OH surface, and from the reaction with •OH from indirect ozonation. Up to 50% of O3-treated water resulted in >80% ELT3 cell viability, the presence of well-adhered cells, and no effect on the young tip of Ceratophyllum demersum L. Overall, our results demonstrated that both materials could be potential catalysts for ozonation because of their excellent degrading performance and, consequently, their non-toxic by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiladda Pattanateeradetch
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chainarong Sakulthaew
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Athaphon Angkaew
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Samak Sutjarit
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Thapanee Poompoung
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Yao-Tung Lin
- Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Clifford E. Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Albion College, Albion, MI 49224, USA
| | - Steve Comfort
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Chanat Chokejaroenrat
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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12
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Zhang X, Li S, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Qu J, Li C. Predicting reaction rate constants of ozone with ionic/non-ionic compounds in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155501. [PMID: 35483457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is a significant technology for the mitigation of pollutants in water. The second-order reaction rate constant (kO3) of ozone (O3) with compounds is essential for measuring their reactivity toward O3 and understanding their fate during ozonation. However, there is a huge gap between the number of existing chemicals and the available experimental kO3 values. Moreover, the reactivity of ionizable compounds with different ionization forms toward O3 may differ greatly. In this study, two quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models for non-ionic and ionic species, are respectively established with partial least squares (PLS) and support vector machine (SVM) methods based on the large datasets (324 non-ionic states and 188 ionic states). These models exhibit good fitting ability (non-ionic model: R2tr > 0.760; ionic model: R2tr > 0.780), robustness (Q2CUM > 0.700), predictive performance (non-ionic model: R2ext > 0.760; ionic model: R2ext > 0.810) and wide applicability domain. The molecular parameters in two models are revealed to be significantly different, which may be attributed to the significant difference in molecular structures in two datasets and different reactivities of uncharged and charged states toward O3. Additionally, the overall kO3 for compounds at certain pH can be estimated by combining the two single QSAR models. These models and methods can become the effective tools for predicting the conversion rate of pollutants by O3 in the urban sewage and drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shaochen Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yandong Yang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
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Ecotoxicological Consequences of the Abatement of Contaminants of Emerging Concern by Ozonation—Does Mixture Complexity Matter? WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ozonation has been used to degrade persistent water contaminants, namely, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). However, ozonation can lead to by-products that can be more toxic than the parent compounds. This work aims to assess whether the ecotoxicological effects of ozonation are modified as the initial matrix being treated increases in complexity, considering mixtures of 2, 3, 4 and 5 PPCPs. The following PPCPs were used: two parabens (metylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP)), paracetamol (PCT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The following model species were used to assess toxicity: the crustacean Daphnia magna, the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, the macrophyte Lemna minor and the watercress Lepidium sativum. There was a trend of increased toxicity with increasing mixture complexity of the untreated samples, except for D. magna. The same was observed after ozonation with the exception of the mixture MP+PP, which showed high toxicity to all the tested species, namely 100% immobilization of D. magna. The toxicity of SMX to the primary producers decreased pronouncedly after ozonation, except for L. minor. This study highlights the importance of considering the complexity of the matrix being treated and of using an ecotoxicological test battery with a wide diversity of species for assessing ozonation efficiency.
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14
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Penrose MT, Cobb GP. Identifying potential paraben transformation products and evaluating changes in toxicity as a result of transformation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10705. [PMID: 35415920 PMCID: PMC9322577 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are a class of compounds often used as preservatives in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and food. They have received attention recently due to findings that demonstrate estrogenic impacts and other adverse effects of parabens. Release into wastewater effluent is considered a major contributor to the spread of parabens into surface water. Current regulations in areas such as Japan, Europe, and Southeast Asia limit the concentrations of parabens that can be used in formulations but do not address concentrations discharged into waterbodies. Recent studies suggest that parent parabens are effectively eliminated by transformation during the wastewater treatment processes. Common tertiary treatments include ultrafiltration, chlorination, UV disinfection and ozonation. Ultrafiltration is used to remove solids before a disinfection step. Of the disinfection steps, ozonation is often the most effective at removing parabens. Not much is known about the toxicities of paraben transformation products. Of the transformation products, chlorinated parabens and PHBA are the most studied. Previous studies have shown that chlorinated parabens have greatly reduced estrogen agonistic activity when compared with the activity of parents. However, more recent studies have found that halogenated parabens actually have estrogen antagonistic activity. Further research involving chlorinated parabens could include other toxic endpoints. No known studies have evaluated adverse effects of oxygenated parabens. Parabens can interact with chlorine residues in the environment and form chlorinated products, this will occur at a faster rate during chlorination. Ozonation will oxidize parabens and UV disinfection can both oxidize and halogenate parabens. All studies determining potential transformation products have been done in laboratory settings or specific conditions. Further research is needed to determine if these transformations occur in situ. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Common chemical processes utilized by wastewater treatment facilities are effective at transforming parabens. Paraben transformation products are released in greater concentration in effluent than parent paraben compounds. Halogenated transformation products have been identified as estrogen receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George P. Cobb
- Department of Environmental ScienceBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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15
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Peñas-Garzón M, Sampaio MJ, Wang YL, Bedia J, Rodriguez JJ, Belver C, Silva CG, Faria JL. Solar photocatalytic degradation of parabens using UiO-66-NH2. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Abstract
The increasing consumption of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) by humankind has been causing an accumulation of contaminants (commonly referred to as contaminants of emerging concern), in effluents and water resources. Ozonation can be used to improve the removal of these contaminants during water treatment to alleviate this burden. In this work, the degradation of methyl (MP), propylparaben (PP), paracetamol (PCT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and carbamazepine (CBZ) by ozonation was assessed both for individual compounds and for mixtures with increasing complexity (two to five compounds). Ozonation was performed at pH3 to gain an insight on the exclusive action of molecular ozone as oxidizing agent. The degradation of contaminants was described as a function of time and transferred ozone dose, and the corresponding pseudo-first order kinetic rate constants (k’) were determined. PPCPs were degraded individually within 1.5 to 10 min. CBZ was the most quickly degraded (k’ = 1.25 min−1) and MP the most resistant to ozone (k’ = 0.25 min−1). When in the mixture, the degradation rate of the contaminants was slower. For parabens, the increase of the number of compounds in the mixture led to an exponential decrease of the k’ values. Moreover, the presence of more PPCPs within the mixture increased energy consumption associated with the treatment, thereby reflecting higher economic costs.
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Bolujoko NB, Unuabonah EI, Alfred MO, Ogunlaja A, Ogunlaja OO, Omorogie MO, Olukanni OD. Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 792:148092. [PMID: 34147811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are biocides used as preservatives in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. They possess antibacterial and antifungal activity due to their ability to disrupt cell membrane and intracellular proteins, and cause changes in enzymatic activity of microbial cells. Water, one of our most valuable natural resource, has become a huge reservoir for parabens. Halogenated parabens from chlorination/ozonation of water contaminated with parabens have shown to be even more persistent in water than other types of parabens. Unfortunately, there is dearth of data on their (halogenated parabens) presence and fate in groundwater which serves as a major source of drinking water for a huge population in developing countries. An attempt to neglect the presence of parabens in water will expose man to it through ingestion of contaminated food and water. Although there are reviews on the occurrence, fate and behaviour of parabens in the environment, they largely omit toxicity and removal aspects. This review therefore, presents recent reports on the acute and chronic toxicity of parabens, their estrogenic agonistic and antagonistic activity and also their relationship with antimicrobial resistance. This article further X-rays several techniques that have been employed for the removal of parabens in water and their drawbacks including adsorption, biodegradation, membrane technology and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The heterogeneous photocatalytic process (one of the AOPs) appears to be more favoured for removal of parabens due to its ability to mineralize parabens in water. However, more work is needed to improve this ability of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Perspectives that will be relevant for future scientific studies and which will drive policy shift towards the presence of parabens in our drinking waters are also offered. It is hoped that this review will elicit some spontaneous actions from water professionals, scientists and policy makers alike that will provide more data, effective technologies, and adaptive policies that will address the growing threat of the presence of parabens in our environment with respect to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Bolujoko
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I Unuabonah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Moses O Alfred
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Aemere Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa O Ogunlaja
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical and Applied Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Martins O Omorogie
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria; African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olumide D Olukanni
- African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER), Redeemer's University, PMB 230, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
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18
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He Y, Su W, Zhai X, Luo L, Luan T, Yang L. Experimental and theoretical studies into the hydroxyl radical mediated transformation of propylparaben to methylparaben in the presence of dissolved organic matter surrogate. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 204:117623. [PMID: 34517267 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved humic and biogenic substances might be present in the aphotic zone and contribute to the fate of parabens in natural aquatic ecosystem under the fluctuation of water multi-parameters. Through the combination of batch tests with quantum chemical calculation, hydroxyl radical (•OH) mediated degradation of propylparaben (PP) to methylparaben (MP) has been confirmed in the present study. The interaction of dissolved oxygen with environmental relevant concentration of humic acid (HA), algal and bacterial cell lysis leads to a slow production of •OH. Aqueous PP undergoes a mild removal process with the pseudo-first order rate constant (10-7, s-1) higher at 7.43 in HA than at 3.30-4.89 in biogenic cell lysis. PP removal is correlated with the aromaticity of DOM surrogate and the produced •OH concentration, which could be enhanced by the increase of light intensity and DO other than HA. The •OH mediated process on PP removal has been confirmed by the linearly inhibited effect of tert-butanol while totally inhibited effects of higher concentration of sodium azide and co-existent chemical (17β-estradiol). Based on the detection of byproduct MP, two possible reaction pathways, •OH attacking at β-carbon (path-β) and terminal γ-carbon (path-γ) of the propyl side chain of PP, are proposed. Through the analysis of thermal and kinetics parameters, the •OH initiated H-abstraction and the resulting C-C bond cleavage leading to the formation of MP and acetaldehyde in path-β is confirmed to be the dominant reaction mechanism. Considering the universal occurrence of parabens and these DOM surrogates, this mild removal process has special implications for the self-purification of organic pollutants in natural aquatic ecosystems, especially in DOM-rich matrices in the aphotic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyao He
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiqi Su
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xue Zhai
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Nguyen VH, Phan Thi LA, Chandana PS, Do HT, Pham TH, Lee T, Nguyen TD, Le Phuoc C, Huong PT. The degradation of paraben preservatives: Recent progress and sustainable approaches toward photocatalysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130163. [PMID: 33725624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are a class of compounds primarily used as antimicrobial preservatives in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, and foodstuff. Their widely used field leads to increasing concentrations detected in various environmental matrices like water, soil, and sludges, even detected in human tissue, blood, and milk. Treatment techniques, including chemical advanced oxidation, biological degradation, and physical adsorption processes, have been widely used to complete mineralization or to degrade parabens into less complicated byproducts. All kinds of processes were reviewed to give a completed picture of parabens removal. In light of these treatment techniques, advanced photocatalysis, which is emerging rapidly and widely as an economical, efficient, and environmentally-friendly technique, has received considerable attention. TiO2-based and non-TiO2-based photocatalysts play an essential role in parabens degradation. The effect of experimental parameters, such as the concentration of targeted parabens, concentration of photocatalyst, reaction time, and initial solution pH, even the presence of radical scavengers, are surveyed and compared from the literature. Some representative parabens such as methylparaben, propylparaben, and benzylparaben have been successfully studied the reaction pathways and their intermediates in their degradation process. As reported in the literature, the degradation of parabens involves the production of highly reactive species, mainly hydroxyl radicals. These reactive radicals would attack the paraben preservatives, break, and finally mineralize them into simpler inorganic and nontoxic molecules. Concluding perspectives on the challenges and opportunities for photocatalysis toward parabens remediation are also intensively highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Huy Nguyen
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Lan-Anh Phan Thi
- VNU Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - P Sri Chandana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Kadapa, 516003, A.P., India.
| | - Huu-Tuan Do
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy-Hanh Pham
- Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Marine, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Trinh Duy Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Marine, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Cuong Le Phuoc
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environment, The University of Da Nang - University of Science and Technology, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Thi Huong
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
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20
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Ashraf A, Liu G, Yousaf B, Arif M, Ahmed R, Irshad S, Cheema AI, Rashid A, Gulzaman H. Recent trends in advanced oxidation process-based degradation of erythromycin: Pollution status, eco-toxicity and degradation mechanism in aquatic ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145389. [PMID: 33578171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wide spread documentation of antibiotic pollution is becoming a threat to aquatic environment. Erythromycin (ERY), a macrolide belonging antibiotic is at the top of this list with its concentrations ranging between ng/L to a few μg/L in various global waterbodies giving rise to ERY-resistance genes (ERY-RGs) and ERY- resistance bacteria (ERY-RBs) posing serious threat to the aquatic organisms. ERY seems resistant to various conventional water treatments, remained intact and even increased in terms of mass loads after treatment. Enhanced oxidation potential, wide pH range, elevated selectivity, adaptability and greater efficiency makes advance oxidation processes (AOPs) top priority for degrading pollutants with aromatic rings and unsaturated bonds like ERY. In this manuscript, recent developments in AOPs for ERY degradation are reported along with the factors that affect the degradation mechanism. ERY, marked as a risk prioritized macrolide antibiotic by 2015 released European Union watch list, most probably due to its protein inhibition capability considered third most widely used antibiotic. The current review provides a complete ERY overview including the environmental entry sources, concentration in global waters, ERY status in STPs, as well as factors affecting their functionality. Along with that this study presents complete outlook regarding ERY-RGs and provides an in depth detail regarding ERY's potential threats to aquatic biota. This study helps in figuring out the best possible strategy to tackle antibiotic pollution keeping ERY as a model antibiotic because of extreme toxicity records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Samina Irshad
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Ayesha Imtiyaz Cheema
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Audil Rashid
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Gulzaman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskander, Perak, Malaysia
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21
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Paraben Compounds—Part II: An Overview of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Their Degradation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity represents a problem for billions of people and is expected to get worse in the future. To guarantee people’s water needs, the use of “first-hand water” or the reuse of wastewater must be done. Wastewater treatment and reuse are favorable for this purpose, since first-hand water is scarce and the economic needs for the exploration of this type of water are increasing. In wastewater treatment, it is important to remove contaminants of emerging concern, as well as pathogenic agents. Parabens are used in daily products as preservatives and are detected in different water sources. These compounds are related to different human health problems due to their endocrine-disrupting behavior, as well as several problems in animals. Thus, their removal from water streams is essential to achieve safe reusable water. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are considered very promising technologies for wastewater treatment and can be used as alternatives or as complements of the conventional wastewater treatments that are inefficient in the removal of such contaminants. Different AOP technologies such as ozonation, catalytic ozonation, photocatalytic ozonation, Fenton’s, and photocatalysis, among others, have already been used for parabens abatement. This manuscript critically overviews several AOP technologies used in parabens abatement. These treatments were evaluated in terms of ecotoxicological assessment since the resulting by-products of parabens abatement can be more toxic than the parent compounds. The economic aspect was also analyzed to evaluate and compare the considered technologies.
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22
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Pasupuleti RR, Tsai PC, Ponnusamy VK. Low-cost disposable Poly(ethyleneimine)-Functionalized Carbon Nanofibers Coated Cellulose Paper as efficient solid phase extraction sorbent material for the extraction of Parahydroxybenzoates from environmental waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129274. [PMID: 33338718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parahydroxybenzoates (parabens) are considered as emerging environmental contaminants because of their extensive usage in our daily life products, causing parabens contamination into environmental water systems and lead to toxic effects on environmental health. This study describes a greener extraction method using a new cationic polymer poly (ethyleneimine) functionalized acid-treated carbon nanofibers (PEI-CNFs) coated cellulose paper (CP) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent material for the extraction of parabens from environmental water samples. The fabrication of PEI-CNFs modified CP was confirmed using field-emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and fourier-transformer infrared spectroscopy techniques. Various factors affecting the adsorption and desorption of parabens on PEI-CNFs@CP and its extraction efficiencies were studied using HPLC-UV analysis. Under the optimal experimental conditions, maximum extraction efficiencies were achieved for four target parabens, and PEI-CNFs@CP/HPLC-UV method exhibited excellent linearities ranged from 0.5-50 ng mL-1 with regression coefficient values were between 0.9952-0.9970. The presented method showed good sensitivity with quantification limits between 0.5-0.75 ng mL-1 and detection limits between 0.1-0.25 ng mL-1. The developed technique was applied for the real sample analysis (river, lake, domestic sewage water, and drinking tap water). The spiked recovery revealed good recoveries between 86.8-116.0% with RSD less than 8.8% for all the water samples. These results proved that it a simple, fast, efficient, low-cost, and eco-friendly method for the extraction and determination of parabens in environmental water samples and can be applied as a routine analytical tool in environmental monitoring and quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City, 807, Taiwan.
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Zhang B, Shan C, Wang S, Fang Z, Pan B. Unveiling the transformation of dissolved organic matter during ozonation of municipal secondary effluent based on FT-ICR-MS and spectral analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116484. [PMID: 33045637 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ozonation is a well-recognized process in advanced treatment of municipal secondary effluent for water reclamation. However, the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) during ozonation of real effluents, particularly at molecular level, has been scarcely reported. In this study, we performed ozonation treatments on real secondary effluents from two municipal wastewater treatment plants, and used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) and various spectroscopic techniques to probe the transformation of dEfOM at four ozone dosage levels (0.28, 0.61, 0.89, and 1.21 mg O3/mg DOC). Most of the precursors were unsaturated and reduced compounds (positive double bond equivalent minus oxygen per carbon ((DBE-O)/C) and negative nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC)), whereas the products were mainly the saturated and oxidized ones (negative (DBE-O)/C and positive NOSC). As the ozone dosage increased, the relative abundance of O8-19 species gradually increased in the ozonated samples, whereas an opposite trend was observed for O5-7S1 species. Further, we employed 18 types of reactions to represent the ozonation process, and found that the oxygenation reaction (+3O) possessed the largest number of possible precursor-product pairs, and CHON compounds possessed the highest reactivity. Besides the dominant oxygenation reactions, decyclopropyl (-C3H4) was relatively common reaction for CHON compounds, while it was oxidative desulfonation (-SH2) for CHOS ones. In addition, the transformation of precursors to products accompanied with the drop of (DBE-O)/C, and the increase of NOSC and the O/C ratio. The precursors with aromaticity and fluorescence were mainly correlated with the compounds featuring higher (DBE-O)/C and lower NOSC values. This study is believed to help better understand and improve the application of ozonation process in advanced treatment of real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuoyao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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24
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Qiu Z, Wei F, Sun J, Niu Y, Mei Q, Wei B, An Z, Bo X, Xie J, He M. Theoretical Study of Ozonation of Methylparaben and Ethylparaben in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10967-10976. [PMID: 33346642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parabens are widely employed in toothpaste, cosmetics, textiles, beverages, and preservatives, causing a serious environmental concern because they are endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). As one of the highly reactive oxidants, ozone has a great effect on EDC removal. To understand the degradation and transformation of parabens in the aquatic environment and their toxicity to aquatic organisms, the degradation reaction of parabens initiated by O3 was studied meticulously using quantum chemical calculations. The degradation process includes multiple initial reaction channels and consequent degradation pathways of the Criegee intermediates. Through thermodynamic data, the rate constants were computed using the transition state theory (TST). At a temperature of 298 K and a pressure of 1 atm, the calculated rate constants were 3.92 and 3.94 M-1 s-1 for methylparaben (MPB) and ethylparaben (EPB), respectively. The rate constants increased as the temperature increased or as the length of the alkyl chain on the benzene ring increased. Through the ecotoxicity assessment procedure, the ecotoxicity of parabens and the products in the degradation process can be assessed. Most degradation byproducts are either less toxic or nontoxic. Some byproducts are still harmful, such as oxalaldehyde (P2) and ethyl 2,3-dioxopropanoate (P10). Furthermore, the ecological toxicity of parabens increased with augmentation of the alkyl chain on the benzene ring. The effect of the alkyl chain length on the benzene ring in the compound cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Qiu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Wei
- Assets and Labratory Management Office, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yao Niu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Mei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wei
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zexiu An
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Bo
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ju Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, P. R. China
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25
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Solís RR, Rivas FJ, Chávez AM, Dionysiou DD. Peroxymonosulfate/solar radiation process for the removal of aqueous microcontaminants. Kinetic modeling, influence of variables and matrix constituents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123118. [PMID: 32590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New technologies to address the presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewater are needed, especially in those cases in which water will be reused. In this work, the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) with simulated solar radiation has been applied to the oxidation of a mixture of six PPCPs, i.e. caffeine, primidone, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), methylparaben, clofibric acid and ibuprofen. The sole application of solar radiation, i.e. solar photolysis, only led to the oxidation of clofibric acid (complete degradation in 90 min). The combination of PMS and solar radiation resulted in the degradation of all target micropollutants. The complete degradation of this mixture at initial 100 ppb was achieved with 0.5 mM of initial PMS after 90 min. A kinetic study that acceptably simulates the experimental data under different conditions has been proposed. The effects of initial PPCP concentration (1 mg L-1-100 μg L-1), PMS dose (0.1-5 mM), and pH (3-9) were tested and kinetically simulated. Finally, the PPCPs removal study was carried out in two real water matrices (river and a secondary effluent of an urban wastewater treatment plant). A higher dose of PMS, ten times higher, was required to achieve complete degradation of the micropollutants if compared to ultrapure water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Solís
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221-0012 USA.
| | - F Javier Rivas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas 06006 Badajoz Spain; University Institute of Water, Climate Change and Sustainability (IACYS), University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Investigación 06006 Badajoz Spain.
| | - Ana M Chávez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Physical Chemistry, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas 06006 Badajoz Spain; University Institute of Water, Climate Change and Sustainability (IACYS), University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Investigación 06006 Badajoz Spain
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221-0012 USA
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26
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Chemical actinometry and paraben decomposition in aqueous solution utilizing ultraviolet radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Gomes J, Lincho J, Mazierski P, Miodyńska M, Zaleska-Medynska A, Martins RC. Unexpected effect of ozone on the paraben's mixture degradation using TiO 2 supported nanotubes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140831. [PMID: 32679505 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide can present advantages when coupled with ozonation. Moreover, the catalytic ozonation can be enhanced by radiation. The main disadvantage of this technology is the use of a suspended catalyst entailing a separation step. Thus, catalytic ozonation was analysed using supported TiO2 nanotubes prepared by anodization at different voltages. The effect of different radiation sources on the catalytic ozonation of parabens was tested. The increase on voltage preparation led to plates with higher surface areas from 60 to 280 cm2. However, this did not improve the parabens mixture degradation during UVA photocatalytic ozonation. The use of sunlight radiation allows a significant reduction in terms of time necessary for total parabens degradation from 15 to 10 min. However, the amount of ozone required doubles. Catalytic ozonation presents worst results than single ozonation. This means that molecular ozone is the main responsible for degradation. No dissolved ozone was detected at the experiments with supported nanotubes which could mean that it was adsorbed on the catalysts surface decreasing the degradation rates. The presence of municipal wastewaters as matrix inhibited parabens degradation for both single and catalytic ozonation, mainly due to the trapping ozone effect. In fact, for the TOD of 4.5 mg/L it was just possible to remove about 80% of parabens when MWW compared to 100% when UP was used. Even so, the presence of supported nanotubes during ozonation seems to be required to reduce the toxicity of the resultant treated effluent. In fact, the wastewater luminescence inhibition decreased (from 100 to 43%) and germination index increased (from 7 to 97%) with catalytic ozonation which may enable treated water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gomes
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Lincho
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pawel Mazierski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Miodyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rui C Martins
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Rua Sílvio Lima, Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Palharim PH, Graça CAL, Teixeira ACSC. Comparison between UVA- and zero-valent iron-activated persulfate processes for degrading propylparaben. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22214-22224. [PMID: 32124285 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatments are not efficient in removing parabens, which may thus end up in surface waters, posing a threat to aquatic biota and human health. As an alternative treatment, persulfate (PS)-driven advanced oxidation technologies have gained growing attention for removing these pollutants. In this study, the degradation of propylparaben (PrP) by UVA- and zero-valent iron (ZVI)-activated persulfate was investigated. The effects of initial PS concentration ([PS]0) and irradiance or ZVI concentration were explored using the Doehlert experimental design. For the UVA-activated system, the specific PrP degradation rate (k) and percent removal were consistently higher for increasing [PS]0 and irradiance, varying in the ranges 0.0053-0.0192 min-1 and 37.9-77.3%, respectively. In contrast, extremely fast PrP degradation was achieved through the ZVI/PS process (0.3304 < k < 0.9212 min-1), with removal percentages above 97.5%; in this case, paraben degradation was hindered for a ZVI dosage beyond 40 mg L-1. Regarding toxicity, ECOSAR predictions suggest that the degradation products elucidated by LC-MS/MS are less toxic than PrP toward fish, daphnid, and green algae. In addition, both processes showed to be strongly dependent on the water matrix, being ZVI/PS more impacted for a MBR effluent, although its performance was much better than that exhibited by the UVA-driven process (t1/2 of 65.4 and 276.1 min, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila H Palharim
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, tv 3, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Cátia A L Graça
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Antonio C S C Teixeira
- Research Group in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AdOx), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, tv 3, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
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29
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Hydrothermal Synthesis of rGO-TiO2 Composites as High-Performance UV Photocatalysts for Ethylparaben Degradation. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 composites (rGO-TiO2) were prepared by hydrothermal treatment using graphite and titanium isopropoxide as raw materials. The structural, surface, electronic, and optical properties of the prepared composites were extensively characterized by N2 adsorption, FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and DRS. GO was found to be effectively reduced and TiO2 to be in pure anatase phase in all composites obtained. Finally, experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these new materials as photocatalysts in the degradation of ethylparaben (EtP) by UV radiation. According to the band-gap energies obtained (ranging between 3.09 eV for 4% rGO-TiO2 to 2.55 eV for 30% rGO-TiO2), the rGO-TiO2 composites behave as semiconductor materials. The photocatalytic activity is highest with a rGO content of 7 wt% (7% rGO-TiO2), being higher than observed for pure TiO2 (Eg = 3.20 eV) and achieving 98.6% EtP degradation after only 40 min of treatment. However, the degradation yield decreases with higher percentages of rGO. Comparison with rGO-P25 composites showed that a better photocatalytic performance in EtP degradation is obtained with synthesized TiO2 (rGO-TiO2), probably due to the presence of the rutile phase (14.1 wt %) in commercial P25.
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30
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Dionisio D, Santos LH, Rodrigo MA, Motheo AJ. Electro-oxidation of methyl paraben on DSA®-Cl2: UV irradiation, mechanistic aspects and energy consumption. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Mao Q, Li Q, Li H, Yuan S, Zhang J. Oxidative paraben removal with chlorine dioxide: Reaction kinetics and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Characterization and stability study of pseudo-emulsion hollow fiber membrane: Separation of Ethylparaben. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Abidi J, Samet Y, Panizza M, Martinez‐Huitle CA, Carpanese MP, Clematis D. A Boron‐Doped Diamond Anode for the Electrochemical Removal of Parabens in Low‐Conductive Solution: From a Conventional Flow Cell to a Solid Polymer Electrolyte System. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Abidi
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health (LR17ES06) Science Faculty of SFAXUniversity of SFAX Road of Soukra km 4 3038 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Youssef Samet
- Laboratory Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health (LR17ES06) Science Faculty of SFAXUniversity of SFAX Road of Soukra km 4 3038 Sfax Tunisia
| | - Marco Panizza
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Genoa Via all'Opera Pia 15 16145 Genova Italy
| | - Carlos A. Martinez‐Huitle
- National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM)Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 355 14800-900 Araraquara, SP Brazil
| | - M. Paola Carpanese
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Genoa Via all'Opera Pia 15 16145 Genova Italy
| | - Davide Clematis
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Genoa Via all'Opera Pia 15 16145 Genova Italy
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34
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Gmurek M, Gomes JF, Martins RC, Quinta-Ferreira RM. Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:37174-37192. [PMID: 31749006 PMCID: PMC6937227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens (esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are xenobiosis belonging to endocrine disruptors and commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. Their wide use is leading to their appearance in water and wastewater in the range from ng/L to mg/L. In fact, the toxicity of benzylparaben is comparable to bisphenol A. Therefore, it is important to find not only effective but also ecofriendly methods for their removal from aqueous environment since the traditional wastewater treatment approaches are ineffective. Herein, for the first time, such extended comparison of several radical-driven technologies for paraben mixture degradation is presented. The detailed evaluation included (1) comparison of ozone and hydroxyl peroxide processes; (2) comparison of catalytic and photocatalytic processes (including photocatalytic ozonation); (3) characterisation of catalysts using SEM, XRD, DRS, XPS techniques and BET isotherm; (4) mineralisation, biodegradability and toxicity assessment; and (5) cost assessment. O3, H2O2/Fe2+, H2O2/UVC, O3/H2O2, O3/UVA, O3/H2O2/UVA, UVA/catalyst, O3/catalyst and O3/UVA/catalyst were selected from advanced oxidation processes to degrade parabens as well as to decrease its toxicity towards Aliivibrio fischeri, Corbicula fluminea and Lepidium sativum. Research was focused on the photocatalytic process involving visible light (UVA and natural sunlight) and TiO2 catalysts modified by different metals (Ag, Pt, Pd, Au). Photocatalytic oxidation showed the lowest efficiency, while in combining ozone with catalysis and photocatalysis process, degradation efficiency and toxicity removal were improved. Photocatalytic ozonation slightly improved degradation efficiency but appreciably decreased transferred ozone dose (TOD). Results indicate that the degradation pathway is different, or different transformation products (TPs) could be formed, despite that the hydroxyl radicals are the main oxidant. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gmurek
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland.
| | - João F Gomes
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre (CIEPQPF), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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35
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Arslan E, Hekimoglu BS, Cinar SA, Ince N, Aviyente V. Hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of salicylic acid and methyl paraben: an experimental and computational approach to assess the reaction mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33125-33134. [PMID: 31520381 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06048-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using various energy sources and oxidants to produce reactive oxygen species are widely used for the destruction of recalcitrant water contaminants. The current study is about the degradation of two emerging pollutants-salicylic acid (SA) and methyl paraben (MP)-by high-frequency ultrasonication followed by identification of the oxidation byproducts and modeling of the reaction mechanisms using the density functional theory (DFT). The study also encompasses prediction of the aquatic toxicity and potential risk of the identified byproducts to some aquatic organisms bussing the ECOSAR (Ecological Structure Activity Relationships) protocol. It was found that the degradation of both compounds was governed by •OH attack and the pathways consisted of a cascade of reactions. The rate determining steps were decarboxylation (~ 60 kcal mol-1) and bond breakage reactions (~ 80 kcal mol-1), which were triggered by the stability of the reaction byproducts and overcome by the applied reaction conditions. Estimated values of the acute toxicities showed that only few of the byproducts were harmful to aquatic organisms, implying the environmental friendliness of the experimental method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Savun Hekimoglu
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sesil Agopcan Cinar
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilsun Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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36
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Gomes J, Lincho J, Domingues E, Gmurek M, Mazierski P, Zaleska-Medynska A, Klimczuk T, Quinta-Ferreira RM, Martins RC. TiO 2 nanotube arrays-based reactor for photocatalytic oxidation of parabens mixtures in ultrapure water: Effects of photocatalyst properties, operational parameters and light source. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:79-89. [PMID: 31271992 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes as immobilized photocatalysts were evaluated in detail for the photocatalytic degradation of parabens mixtures from ultrapure water. This kind of approach can be a very suitable option for emerging contaminants degradation considering the possibility of the catalyst reuse and recovery which will be simpler than when catalytic powders are used. The anodization method was applied for the TiO2 nanotubes production under different preparation voltages (20, 30 and 40 V). These preparation conditions are important on the morphological characteristics of nanotubes such as length, as well as internal and external diameters. The photocatalytic efficiency was dependent on the materials preparation voltages. The photocatalytic oxidation was evaluated using two different irradiation sources, namely UVA and sunlight. These irradiation sources were evaluated for parabens mixture degradation using different number of catalytic plates. The increase of the number of plates improved the parabens degradation possibly due to the availability of more active sites which can be relevant for the hydroxyl radical's generation. The effect of the reactor design was also evaluated using sunlight irradiation. The configuration, position and solar concentrators can be important for the performance of degradation. The mechanism of degradation was analysed through by-products formation under sunlight irradiation. The main responsible for parabens degradation was hydroxyl radical. Decarboxylation, dealkylation and hydroxylation seem to be the most important reactional steps for the mixture decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gomes
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - João Lincho
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eva Domingues
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Gmurek
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Mazierski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk. Poland
| | - Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdańsk. Poland
| | - Tomasz Klimczuk
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Savun-Hekimoğlu B, Ince NH. Optimization of methylparaben degradation by sonocatalysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 58:104623. [PMID: 31450296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonocatalytic degradation of methylparaben (MPB) in the presence of a low-cost clay mineral (sepiolite) was optimized using a multivariable center composite design protocol based on response surface methodology (RSM). Using the data generated with varying MPB concentrations, pH, frequency and catalyst dose, two semi-empirical expressions were developed to describe the relation between the apparent reaction rate constant of the parent compound and the most significant control variables. It was found that ultrasonic power, pH, sepiolite dose and its interactions with time and pH were the most significant parameters influencing the rate of MPB decay under high frequency ultrasound. The models also showed that the rate constant was a convex function of time, as it decreased during the first 35-min of sonolysis and increased thereafter, indicating the formation and depletion of competing oxidation byproducts. Finally, the models predicted that the rate of MPB decay was a maximum either at alkaline pH and a high sepiolite dose (k = 1.68 × 10-1 min-1), or at acidic pH and a considerably lower dose of the mineral (k = 1.48 × 10-1 min-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilsun H Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
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38
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Kohli HP, Gupta S, Chakraborty M. Stability and performance study of emulsion nanofluid membrane: A combined approach of adsorption and extraction of Ethylparaben. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Habbal S, Haddou B, Canselier JP, Gourdon C. Easy Removal of Methylparaben and Propylparaben from Aqueous Solution Using Nonionic Micellar System. TENSIDE SURFACT DET 2019. [DOI: 10.3139/113.110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the simultaneous removal of methylparaben (MePB) and propylparaben (PrPB) from effluents (each one at 16 mg/L) using a nonionic micellar system containing Triton X-114. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been carried out. Extraction results using nonionic surfactant two-phase system were considered as a function of surfactant concentration and temperature variation. Four responses were investigated: MePB and PrPB extraction yield (E), solute (Xs,w) and surfactant (Xsf,w) concentrations in the aqueous phase and the volume fraction of micellar phase (ϕC) at equilibrium. Very high extraction efficiencies (99 % for PrPB and 84 % for MePB) were achieved at optimal conditions. Thereby, the amounts of PrPB and MePB were reduced 80 and 5 times, respectively. The extraction improvement using sodium sulfate was also shown. Finally, the solute stripping from micellar phase by pH change was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Habbal
- 1Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials: Catalysis and Environment, University of Science and Technology of Oran, BP 1505, M'Nouar, Oran, Algeria
| | - B. Haddou
- 1Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials: Catalysis and Environment, University of Science and Technology of Oran, BP 1505, M'Nouar, Oran, Algeria
| | - J. P. Canselier
- 2Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, 4 allé Emile Monso, CS 84234, 31 432 Toulouse cedex 4 Toulouse, France
| | - C. Gourdon
- 2Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, 4 allé Emile Monso, CS 84234, 31 432 Toulouse cedex 4 Toulouse, France
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Nguyen VD, Pierens X, Benhabib K. Experimental and numerical study of methylparaben decomposition in aqueous solution using the UV/H 2O 2 process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:357-365. [PMID: 30729853 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1571365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present paper aims at presenting a kinetic model that is supposed to result in the decomposition of methylparaben in completely mixed batch reactor (CMBR) using the UV/H2O2 process. The proposed model incorporates photochemical, chemical reactions and their constant rates to formulate the overall kinetic rate expressions which are integrated into MATLAB. Thus, the changes in pH values during the process of oxidation are taken into consideration. In addition, the effects of hydrogen peroxide (HP) dosage, as well as the concentration of hydroxyl radicals, are examined. Accordingly, the pseudo-first-order rate constant, its variation as functions of HP concentration, incident UV-light intensity and the limitations of the adopted approach are discussed. In line with that, the authors provided evidence of the validity of the kinetic model through the exposure of previous experimental studies as reported in the literature review then through the evidence of the present experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Dung Nguyen
- a EPROAD Research Unit , University of Picardie Jules Verne - IUT of Aisne , Saint-Quentin , France
| | - Xavier Pierens
- a EPROAD Research Unit , University of Picardie Jules Verne - IUT of Aisne , Saint-Quentin , France
| | - Karim Benhabib
- a EPROAD Research Unit , University of Picardie Jules Verne - IUT of Aisne , Saint-Quentin , France
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Gomes JF, Lopes A, Gmurek M, Quinta-Ferreira RM, Martins RC. Study of the influence of the matrix characteristics over the photocatalytic ozonation of parabens using Ag-TiO 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1468-1477. [PMID: 30235632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial and preservative in pharmaceutical and personal products. Their presence has been detected in rivers and wastewater treatment plants. Photocatalytic ozonation process using a low amount of 0.1 wt% Ag-TiO2 proved to be efficient on the degradation of a mixture of five parabens using a low transferred ozone dose (TOD). The pH effect was analyzed under acidic and neutral conditions. Also, the effect of hydroxyl radical scavenger on parabens degradation and on by-products formation was discussed. Hydroxyl radical present a significant role over parabens degradation and also on by-products formation. The reaction mechanism was analyzed using municipal wastewater as a matrix to infer about the behavior of the process at actual conditions. Municipal wastewater as a matrix clearly enhanced the parabens degradation when compared with the case where ultrapure water was used. In fact, the TOD required for total parabens degradation is lowered 10-20 mg/L of TOD. Therefore, to understand the main responsible species for this improvement, the effects of several ions naturally present in wastewater (HCO3-, Cl- and SO42-) were tested. According to the results it seems that sulfate radical improves the process, while chloride and bicarbonate radicals decrease the process efficiency. In terms of toxicity the luminescence inhibition for Vibrio fischeri was analyzed. The inhibition significantly decreased for treated spiked municipal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Gomes
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lopes
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Gmurek
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ma WL, Zhao X, Zhang ZF, Xu TF, Zhu FJ, Li YF. Concentrations and fate of parabens and their metabolites in two typical wastewater treatment plants in northeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:754-761. [PMID: 29990923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used in food, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products because they are excellent preservatives. Recently, the environmental fate of parabens has attracted attention owing to their similarity to some endocrine disrupters. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are both important sinks of parabens discharged from our daily activities and key pollution sources for the environment if the parabens are not completely removed. However, research in this area is scarce, especially in Asia. In this study, 6 commonly used parabens and 4 metabolites were analyzed in wastewater and sludge samples from two typical WWTPs with different treatment processes (the anaerobic-oxic (A/O) and cyclic activated sludge technology (CAST) treatment processes). The average concentrations of parabens in the A/O and CAST treatment processes were 1510 ng/L and 2180 ng/L, respectively, in the influent, and 70.5 ng/L and 19.7 ng/L, respectively, in the effluent. The paraben removal efficiencies in the A/O treatment process were between 56.8% and 100%, which is lower than the efficiencies for the CAST treatment process (97.7% to 100%). The average concentrations of metabolites in the A/O treatment process, which were much higher than paraben concentrations, were 35,200 ng/L in the influent, 334 ng/L in the effluent, and 146 ng/g in the sludge samples. The removal efficiencies for the 4 metabolites were >92% for the A/O treatment process. In total, for the A/O treatment process, 5.07 kg and 16.8 kg of parabens, and 24.4 kg and 16.0 kg of metabolites, were discharged into the environment annually via effluent and sludge, respectively. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the A/O and CAST treatment processes are both effective at removing parabens and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTECH), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tie-Fu Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fu-Jie Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Sharma A, Ahmad J, Flora SJS. Application of advanced oxidation processes and toxicity assessment of transformation products. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:223-233. [PMID: 30055452 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are the techniques employed for oxidation of various organic contaminants in polluted water with the objective of making it suitable for human consumption like household and drinking purpose. AOPs use potent chemical oxidants to bring down the contaminant level in the water. In addition to this function, these processes are also capable to kills microbes (as disinfectant) and remove odor as well as improve taste of the drinking water. The non-photochemical AOPs methods include generation of hydroxyl radical in absence of light either by ozonation or through Fenton reaction. The photochemical AOPs methods use UV light along with H2O2, O3 and/or Fe+2 to generate reactive hydroxyl radical. Non-photochemical method is the commonly used whereas, photochemical method is used when conventional O3 and H2O2 cannot completely oxidize organic pollutants. However, the choice of AOPs methods is depended upon the type of contaminant to be removed. AOPs cause loss of biological activity of the pollutant present in drinking water without generation of any toxicity. Conventional ozonation and AOPs can inactivate estrogenic compounds, antiviral compounds, antibiotics, and herbicides. However, the study of different AOPs methods for the treatment of drinking water has shown that oxidation of parent compound can also lead to the generation of a degradation/transformation product having biological activity/chemical toxicity similar to or different from the parent compound. Furthermore, an increased toxicity can also occur in AOPs treated drinking water. This review discusses various methods of AOPs, their merits, its application in drinking water treatment, the related issue of the evolution of toxicity in AOPs treated drinking water, biocatalyst, and analytical methods for identification of pollutants /transformed products and provides future directions to address such an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sharma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shree Bhawani Paper Mill Road, ITI Compound, Raebareli 229010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Zhou Y, Xiang Y, He Y, Yang Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Peng H, Dai C, Zhu F, Tang L. Applications and factors influencing of the persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes for the remediation of groundwater and soil contaminated with organic compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 359:396-407. [PMID: 30055429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Persulfate is the latest oxidant which is being used increasingly for the remediation of groundwater and soil contaminated with organic compounds. It is of great significant to offer readers a general summary about different methods of activating persulfate, mainly including heat-activated, metal ions-activated, UV-activated, and alkaline-activated. Meanwhile, in addition to persulfate concentration as an influencing factor for persulfate oxidation process, selected information like temperature, anions, cations, pH, and humic acid are presented and discussed. The last section focuses on the advantages of different activated persulfate processes, and the suggestions and research needs for persulfate-based advanced oxidation in the remediation of polluted groundwater and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Yujia Xiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yangzhuo He
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chunhao Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Vanraes P, Wardenier N, Surmont P, Lynen F, Nikiforov A, Van Hulle SWH, Leys C, Bogaerts A. Removal of alachlor, diuron and isoproturon in water in a falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor combined with adsorption on activated carbon textile: Reaction mechanisms and oxidation by-products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 354:180-190. [PMID: 29751174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor combined with adsorption on activated carbon textile material was optimized to minimize the formation of hazardous oxidation by-products from the treatment of persistent pesticides (alachlor, diuron and isoproturon) in water. The formation of by-products and the reaction mechanism was investigated by HPLC-TOF-MS. The maximum concentration of each by-product was at least two orders of magnitude below the initial pesticide concentration, during the first 10 min of treatment. After 30 min of treatment, the individual by-product concentrations had decreased to values of at least three orders of magnitude below the initial pesticide concentration. The proposed oxidation pathways revealed five main oxidation steps: dechlorination, dealkylation, hydroxylation, addition of a double-bonded oxygen and nitrification. The latter is one of the main oxidation mechanisms of diuron and isoproturon for air plasma treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the formation of nitrificated intermediates is reported for the plasma treatment of non-phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vanraes
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium; RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Niels Wardenier
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Pieter Surmont
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Anton Nikiforov
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stijn W H Van Hulle
- LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Christophe Leys
- RUPT, Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Gomes JF, Quinta-Ferreira ME, Costa R, Quinta-Ferreira RM, Martins RC. Paraben degradation using catalytic ozonation over volcanic rocks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7346-7357. [PMID: 29275482 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial and preservatives in pharmaceutical and personal care products and are continuously reaching the water streams. Conventional wastewater treatments are proven inefficient on the removal of this kind of contaminants from wastewater. Therefore, catalytic ozonation appears as a suitable option, due to the oxidant power of ozone and its high capacity of hydroxyl radical generation in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The main drawback of catalytic ozonation is related with the choice of stable and active catalysts at low cost. On this way, two volcanic rocks were tested to enhance the removal of a mixture of parabens by ozonation, improving their degradation. Indeed, catalytic ozonation with volcanic rock allowed total paraben degradation using a transferred ozone dose (TOD) of 55 mg/L which corresponds to a reduction of about threefold the amount of TOD comparatively with single ozonation (170 mg/L of TOD). Due to the presence of semiconductors on volcanic rock composition, the effect of UVA irradiation on paraben degradation was analyzed. The neutral and basic conditions enhanced catalytic ozonation comparatively to acid conditions. Higher pH values allowed a total methylparaben degradation with 35 mg O3/L, whereas for low pH values, 55 mg O3/L was required. The use of a radical scavenger proven that hydroxyl radicals are the main responsible for paraben degradation with catalytic ozonation. This was confirmed through the analysis of the by-products, where 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-diHBA), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and hydroquinone were quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Gomes
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Emília Quinta-Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
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47
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Kohli HP, Gupta S, Chakraborty M. Extraction of Ethylparaben by emulsion liquid membrane: Statistical analysis of operating parameters. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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48
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Gomes JF, Leal I, Bednarczyk K, Gmurek M, Stelmachowski M, Diak M, Emília Quinta-Ferreira M, Costa R, Quinta-Ferreira RM, Martins RC. Photocatalytic ozonation using doped TiO 2 catalysts for the removal of parabens in water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:329-340. [PMID: 28753508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatments are inefficient for the removal of parabens. The aim of this study was finding a suitable solution using ozone and UVA irradiation combined with TiO2 catalysts doped with different noble metals (Ag, Pt, Pd, Au). Photocatalytic ozonation required lower amounts of ozone for higher efficiency on the removal of parabens, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). The best catalyst for the initial contaminants degradation was 0.5% Ag-TiO2 leading to total parabens removal using 46mgO3/L. Due to the relative low mineralization achieved, the toxicity of the treated solutions was still compared with the initial one over several species (Vibrio fischeri, Lepidium sativum and Corbicula fluminea). All the treatments applied led to a clear decrease on the toxicity compared with initial mixture of parabens. From an economical point of view, it was concluded that the presence of UVA irradiation increased the energy consumption compared with catalytic ozonation with these catalysts but it can decrease the time of reaction. From the by-products analysis, it was concluded that hydroxylation appears to be the most significant reaction pathway and the main responsible for parabens degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Gomes
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Inês Leal
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Katarzyna Bednarczyk
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Safety Engineering Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Gmurek
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marek Stelmachowski
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Department of Safety Engineering Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Diak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Environmental Technology, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M Emília Quinta-Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra P-3004-516, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Gomes J, Costa R, Quinta-Ferreira RM, Martins RC. Application of ozonation for pharmaceuticals and personal care products removal from water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:265-283. [PMID: 28185729 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the shortening on natural water resources, reclaimed wastewater will be an important water supply source. However, suitable technologies must be available to guaranty its proper detoxification with special concern for the emerging pharmaceutical and personal care products that are continuously reaching municipal wastewater treatment plants. While conventional biological systems are not suitable to remove these compounds, ozone, due to its interesting features involving molecular ozone oxidation and the possibility of generating unselective hydroxyl radicals, has a wider range of action on micropollutants removal and water disinfection. This paper aims to review the studies dealing with ozone based processes for water reuse by considering municipal wastewater reclamation as well as natural and drinking water treatment. A comparison with alternative technologies is given. The main drawback of ozonation is related with the low mineralization achieved that may lead to the production of reaction intermediates with toxic features. The use of hydrogen peroxide and light aided systems enhance ozone action over pollutants. Moreover, scientific community is focused on the development of solid catalysts able to improve the mineralization level achieved by ozone. Special interest is now being given to solar light catalytic ozonation systems with interesting results both for chemical and biological contaminants abatement. Nowadays the integration between ozonation and sand biofiltration seems to be the most interesting cost effective methodology for water treatment. However, further studies must be performed to optimize this system by understanding the biofiltration mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Gomes
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Costa
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa M Quinta-Ferreira
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui C Martins
- CIEPQPF - Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, GERST, Group on Environment, Reaction, Separation and Thermodynamics, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Pólo II - Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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50
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Efficient degradation of butylparaben by gamma radiolysis. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 122:21-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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