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Fagundes T, Pannetier P, Gölz L, Behnstedt L, Morthorst J, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Holbech H, Braunbeck T, Baumann L. The generation gap in endocrine disruption: Can the integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT) bridge the gap by assessing intergenerational effects of thyroid hormone system disruption? AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106969. [PMID: 38824743 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) act early in ontogenesis, even prior to the differentiation of thyrocytes. Maternal transfer of THs is therefore known to play an essential role in early development. Current OECD test guidelines for the assessment of TH system disruption (THSD) do not address inter- or transgenerational effects. The integrated fish endocrine disruptor test (iFEDT), a test combining parental and developmental exposure of filial fish, may fill this gap. We tested the ability of the iFEDT to detect intergenerational effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio): Parental fish were exposed to propylthiouracil (PTU), an inhibitor of TH synthesis, or not exposed. The offspring was submitted to a crossed experimental design to obtain four exposure scenarios: (1) no exposure at all, (2) parental exposure only, (3) embryonic exposure only, and (4) combined parental and embryonic exposure. Swim bladder inflation, visual motor response (VMR) and gene expression of the progeny were analysed. Parental, but not embryonic PTU exposure reduced the size of the swim bladder of 5 d old embryos, indicating the existence of intergenerational effects. The VMR test produced opposite responses in 4.5 d old embryos exposed to PTU vs. embryos derived from exposed parents. Embryonic exposure, but not parental exposure increased gene expression of thyroperoxidase, the target of PTU, most likely due to a compensatory mechanism. The gene expression of pde-6h (phosphodiesterase) was reduced by embryonic, but not parental exposure, suggesting downregulation of phototransduction pathways. Hence, adverse effects on swim bladder inflation appear more sensitive to parental than embryonic exposure and the iFEDT represents an improvement in the testing strategy for THSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fagundes
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Eurofins Aquatic Ecotoxicolgy, Eutinger Str. 24, D-75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Pauline Pannetier
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort, Site de Plouzané, Technopôle Brest Iroise, CS 10070, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Lisa Gölz
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Behnstedt
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jane Morthorst
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- University of Antwerp, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Zebrafishlab, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2160 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Henrik Holbech
- University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Baumann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Section Environmental Health & Toxicology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Lee S, Ji K. Toxicological signature for thyroid endocrine disruption of dichlorooctylisothiazolinone in zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:38-45. [PMID: 36564586 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02614-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), which is one of the isothiazolinone preservatives, is applied to water-based adhesives in food packaging. This study investigated the effects of DCOIT on the embryonic growth and thyroid endocrine system using zebrafish. Organism-level (hatchability, survival, and growth), hormone-level (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)), gene-level (genes associated with the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis), and microRNA-level (microRNAs related to thyroid endocrine disruption) endpoints were measured. Significant rise in embryonic coagulation and delayed hatching (≥0.3 μg/L), and decreased larval length (30 μg/L) were observed in fish exposed to DCOIT. Lower contents of T3 and T4 were observed after exposure to DCOIT, which was accompanied by the upregulation of genes associated with the thyrotropin releasing hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone and the downregulation of genes associated with the thyroid hormone receptors and deiodination. Strong influence of DCOIT on dre-miR-193b and -499 may be a critical mechanism to inhibit transcription of trαa and trβ, which in turn may affect thyroid hormones and development of the organism. Our findings suggest that hypothyroidism induced by the exposure to DCOIT is potentially associated with genetic and microRNA-level changes, which eventually affects development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea.
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Horie Y, Yamagishi T, Yamamoto J, Suzuki M, Onishi Y, Chiba T, Miyagawa S, Lange A, Tyler CR, Okamura H, Iguchi T. Adverse effects of thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals 6-propyl-2-thiouracil and tetrabromobisphenol A on Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109502. [PMID: 36368510 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals are increasingly attracting attention because of their potential harmful effects on animal health, including on fishes. Here, we investigated the effects of exposure to the thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on swim bladder inflation, eye development, growth, swimming performance, and the expression of thyroid-related genes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). PTU exposure resulted in reductions in eye size, growth, and swim bladder inflation, and these effects led to poorer swimming performance. These phenotypic effects were accompanied by increased expression of the thyroid-stimulating hormone subunit beta (tshβ) paralog tshβ-like, but there were no significant changes in expression for tshβ, deiodinase 1 (dio1), deiodinase 2 (dio2), and thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). For PTU exposure, we identified the key event (swim bladder inflation reduction) and an adverse outcome (swimming performance reduction). No significant effects from TBBPA exposure were seen on swim bladder inflation, eye development, growth, or swimming performance. However, expression of tshβ-like and tshβ (significantly enhanced) and trα and trβ (significantly reduced) were affected by TBBPA exposure albeit not in dose-dependent manners. There were no effects of TBBPA on the expression of dio1 and dio2. We thus show that the two thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals PTU and TBBPA differ in their effect profiles with comparable effects on the studied phenotypes and thyroid-related gene expression to those reported in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Yamagishi
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Jun Yamamoto
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Mayumi Suzuki
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Yuta Onishi
- Institute of Environmental Ecology, IDEA Consultants, Inc., Shizuoka 421-0212, Japan
| | - Takashi Chiba
- Department of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Miyagawa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Niijuku 6-3-1, Katsushika, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Anke Lange
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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Horie Y, Nomura M, Ramaswamy BR, Harino H, Yap CK, Okamura H. Thyroid hormone disruption by bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106312. [PMID: 36174385 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of water bodies with plasticizers is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effects of plasticizers bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). DEHP significantly increased the expression of all the genes tested: thyroid stimulating hormone beta subunit (tshβ-like), tshβ, deiodinase 1 (dio1), deiodinase 2 (dio2), and thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). However, DEHA only significantly increased tshβ at 7.4 µg/L but significantly decreased dio2 expression at 25.8, 111.1, and 412.6 4 µg/L, while other genes were not significantly affected. Both chemicals reduced eye size and total body length, but did not affect embryo development, hatching time and rate, and swimming performance. DEHA alone affected swim bladder inflation and not DEHP. This is the first report that not only DEHP but also DEHA disrupt thyroid hormone activity in fish. DEHP contamination (13.2 μg/L) was detected in tap water from Kobe, Japan; thus, tap water itself may disrupt thyroid hormone activity in Japanese medaka. Importantly, the effective concentration of DEHP for thyroid hormone-related gene expression and growth was close to or lower than DEHP concentrations reported in surface water elsewhere, indicating that DEHP contamination is a serious aquatic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Miho Nomura
- Graduate School of Maritime Science, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Babu Rajendran Ramaswamy
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Hiroya Harino
- School of Human Sciences, Kobe College, 4-1 Okadayama, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 662-8505, Japan
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
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Faught E, Vijayan MM. Coordinated Action of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Cortisol Shapes the Acute Stress-Induced Behavioural Response in Zebrafish. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:74-87. [PMID: 33503614 DOI: 10.1159/000514778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stress response mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation is highly conserved in vertebrates. Hyperactivity is one such established acute stress response, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the primary step in HPA activation, signalling has been implicated in this stressor-mediated behaviour. However, whether CRH mediates the acute behavioural effects either alone or in conjunction with glucocorticoids (GCs) are far from clear. We hypothesized that the CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1)-mediated rise in GCs post-stress is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of the acute stress-related behaviour. METHODS We first generated zebrafish (Danio rerio) with a mutation in the CRHR1 gene (CRHR1-KO) to assess the function of CRH. The behavioural readout utilized for this study was the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish in response to an acute light exposure, a protocol that freezes the larvae in response to the light stimulus. To test whether cortisol signalling is involved in the stress-mediated hyperactivity, we treated wildtype fish with metyrapone (MET), an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxylase, to suppress cortisol production. The temporal role for cortisol signalling in the stress-related hyperactivity was tested using the glucocorticoid receptor knockout (GRKO) and mineralocorticoid receptor knockout (MRKO) zebrafish mutants. RESULTS CRHR1-KO larvae did not increase cortisol, the principal GC in teleosts, post-stress, confirming a functional knockout. An acute stress resulted in the hyperactivity of the larvae in light at 15, 60, and 240 min post-stress, and this was absent in CRHR1-KO larvae. Addition of MET effectively blocked the attendant rise in cortisol post-stress; however, the stress-mediated hyperactivity was inhibited only at 60 and 240 min but not at 15 min post-stress. Addition of human CRH peptide caused hyperactivity at 15 min, and this response was also abolished in the CRHR1-KO mutants. The stress-induced hyperactivity was absent in the MRKO fish, while GRKO mutants showed transient effects. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the stress-induced hyperactivity is induced by the CRH/CRHR1 system, while the temporal activation of cortisol production and the associated GR/MR signalling is essential for prolonging the stressor-induced hyperactivity. This study underscores the importance of systems-level analysis to assess stress responsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Faught
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Wang L, Lin W, Zha Q, Guo H, Zhang D, Yang L, Li L, Li D, Tang R. Persistent Exposure to Environmental Levels of Microcystin-LR Disturbs Cortisol Production via Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Interrenal (HPI) Axis and Subsequently Liver Glucose Metabolism in Adult Male Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050282. [PMID: 32353954 PMCID: PMC7290660 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a new endocrine disruptor, whereas the impacts of persistent exposure to MC-LR on the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis and health hazards thereafter have not been investigated. In this work, adult male zebrafish (Danio rerio) were immersed into MC-LR solutions at concentrations of 0, 1, 5 and 25 μg/L for 30 d, respectively. The results showed that persistent MC-LR exposure caused an extensive upregulation of HPI-axis genes but an inhibition of brain nuclear receptors (gr and mr), which finally increased serum cortisol levels. Furthermore, the decreased expression of hepatic gr might partly be responsible for the strong inhibition on the expression of downstream genes involved in glucose metabolic enzymes, including gluconeogenesis-related genes (pepck, fbp1a, g6pca), glycogenolysis-related gene (pyg), glycolysis-related genes (gk, pfk1b, pk) and glycogenesis-related gene (gys2). These findings are in accordance with the decline in serum glucose, indicating that long-term MC-LR exposure caused a lower production of glucose relative to glucose lysis. Our above results firstly establish the link between persistent MC-LR exposure and impaired glucose metabolism, suggesting that long-term MC-LR-mediated stress might threaten fish’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkai Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wang Lin
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingji Zha
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Honghui Guo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liping Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquaculture Education (Huazhong Agricultural University), Wuhan 430070, China
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Multiplex Analysis Platform for Endocrine Disruption Prediction Using Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071739. [PMID: 30965663 PMCID: PMC6479714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small fish are an excellent experimental model to screen endocrine-disrupting compounds, but current fish-based assays to detect endocrine disruption have not been standardized yet, meaning that there is not consensus on endpoints and biomarkers to be measured. Moreover, exposure conditions may vary depending on the species used as the experimental model and the endocrine pathway evaluated. At present, a battery of a wide range of assays is usually needed for the complete assessment of endocrine activities. With the aim of providing a simple, robust, and fast assay to assess endocrine-disrupting potencies for the three major endocrine axes, i.e., estrogens, androgens, and thyroid, we propose the use of a panel of eight gene expression biomarkers in zebrafish larvae. This includes brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) for estrogens, cytosolic sulfotransferase 2 family 2 (sult2st3) and cytochrome P450 2k22 (cyp2k22) for androgens, and thyroid peroxidase (tpo), transthyretin (ttr), thyroid receptor α (trα), and iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (dio2) for thyroid metabolism. All of them were selected according to their responses after exposure to the natural ligands 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), respectively, and subsequently validated using compounds reported as endocrine disruptors in previous studies. Cross-talk effects were also evaluated for all compounds.
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Glucococorticoid receptor activation exacerbates aminoglycoside-induced damage to the zebrafish lateral line. Hear Res 2019; 377:12-23. [PMID: 30878773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics have potent antibacterial properties but cause hearing loss in up to 25% of patients. These drugs are commonly administered in patients with high glucocorticoid stress hormone levels and can be combined with exogenous glucocorticoid treatment. However, the interaction of stress and aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss has not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of the glucocorticoid stress hormone cortisol on hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line as an important step toward understanding how physiological stressors modulate hair cell survival. We found that 24-hr cortisol incubation sensitized hair cells to neomycin damage. Pharmacological and genetic manipulation demonstrates that sensitization depended on the action of the glucocorticoid receptor but not the mineralocorticoid receptor. Blocking endogenous cortisol production reduced hair cell susceptibility to neomycin, further evidence that glucocorticoids modulate aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Glucocorticoid transcriptional activity was apparent in lateral line hair cells, suggesting a direct action of cortisol in these aminoglycoside-sensitive cells. Our work shows that the stress hormone cortisol can increase hair cell sensitivity to aminoglycoside damage, which highlights the importance of recognizing stress and the impacts of glucocorticoid signaling in both ototoxicity research and clinical practice.
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Chen L, Wang Y, Giesy JP, Chen F, Shi T, Chen J, Xie P. Microcystin-LR affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis in early life stages (embryos and larvae) of zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:540-548. [PMID: 29883955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Frequencies and durations of blooms of cyanobacteria are increasing. Some cyanobacteria can produce cyanotoxins including microcystins (MCs). MCs are the most common toxic products of hazardous algal blooms (HABs), with the greatest potential for exposure and to cause toxicity. Recently, MCs have been shown to disrupt endocrine functions. In this study, for the first time, effects of MC-LR on the hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis during early embryonic development (embryos/larvae) of zebrafish (Danio rerio), were investigated. Embryos/larvae of zebrafish were exposed to 1, 10, 100, or 300 μg MC-LR/L during the period of 4-168 h post-fertilization (hpf). Exposure to 300 μg MC-LR/L resulted in significantly greater concentrations of whole-body cortisol than those in controls. Expressions of genes along the HPI axis and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR-) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR-) centered gene networks were evaluated by use of quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of mRNA for crh was significantly down-regulated by exposure to 300 μg MC-LR/L, while expressions of crhbp, crhr1, and crhr2 were significantly up-regulated, relative to controls. MC-LR caused significantly lesser levels of mRNA for steroidogenic genes including hmgra, star, and cyp17, but expression of mRNA for hsd20b was significantly greater than that of controls. Treatment with MC-LR also altered profiles of transcription of MR- and GR-centered gene networks, which might result in multiple responses. Taken together, these results demonstrated that MC-LR affected the corticosteroid-endocrine system of larvae of zebrafish. This study provided valuable insights into molecular mechanisms behind potential toxicity and endocrine disruption of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yeke Wang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5B3, Canada
| | - Feng Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China.
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Vergauwen L, Cavallin JE, Ankley GT, Bars C, Gabriëls IJ, Michiels EDG, Fitzpatrick KR, Periz-Stanacev J, Randolph EC, Robinson SL, Saari TW, Schroeder AL, Stinckens E, Swintek J, Van Cruchten SJ, Verbueken E, Villeneuve DL, Knapen D. Gene transcription ontogeny of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis development in early-life stage fathead minnow and zebrafish. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 266:87-100. [PMID: 29733815 PMCID: PMC6540109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is known to play a crucial role in the development of teleost fish. However, knowledge of endogenous transcription profiles of thyroid-related genes in developing teleosts remains fragmented. We selected two model teleost species, the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the zebrafish (Danio rerio), to compare the gene transcription ontogeny of the HPT axis. Control organisms were sampled at several time points during embryonic and larval development until 33 days post-fertilization. Total RNA was extracted from pooled, whole fish, and thyroid-related mRNA expression was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene transcripts examined included: thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (trhr), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (tshr), sodium-iodide symporter (nis), thyroid peroxidase (tpo), thyroglobulin (tg), transthyretin (ttr), deiodinases 1, 2, 3a, and 3b (dio1, dio2, dio3a and 3b), and thyroid hormone receptors alpha and beta (thrα and β). A loess regression method was successful in identifying maxima and minima of transcriptional expression during early development of both species. Overall, we observed great similarities between the species, including maternal transfer, at least to some extent, of almost all transcripts (confirmed in unfertilized eggs), increasing expression of most transcripts during hatching and embryo-larval transition, and indications of a fully functional HPT axis in larvae. These data will aid in the development of hypotheses on the role of certain genes and pathways during development. Furthermore, this provides a background reference dataset for designing and interpreting targeted transcriptional expression studies both for fundamental research and for applications such as toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vergauwen
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; University of Antwerp, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Dept. Biology, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- Badger Technical Services, US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Chloé Bars
- University of Antwerp, Applied Veterinary Morphology, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle J Gabriëls
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Ellen D G Michiels
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Krysta R Fitzpatrick
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Jelena Periz-Stanacev
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Eric C Randolph
- ORISE Research Participation Program, US EPA Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | | | - Travis W Saari
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA
| | - Anthony L Schroeder
- University of Minnesota-Crookston, Math, Science, and Technology Department, 2900 University Ave., Crookston, MN 56716, USA.
| | - Evelyn Stinckens
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Joe Swintek
- Badger Technical Services, US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Steven J Van Cruchten
- University of Antwerp, Applied Veterinary Morphology, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Evy Verbueken
- University of Antwerp, Applied Veterinary Morphology, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- US EPA, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA.
| | - Dries Knapen
- University of Antwerp, Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Dept. Veterinary Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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11
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Dang Y, Wang F, Liu C. Real-time PCR array to study the effects of chemicals on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors (GH/IGFs) axis of zebrafish embryos/larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:365-376. [PMID: 29803886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factors (GH/IGFs) axis PCR array of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae was developed based on the quantification of mRNA expressions of 19 genes that were confirmed to play vital roles in the regulation of fish growth. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to each of four concentrations of the six representative chemicals, bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS), tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), cadmium chloride (CdCl2), mercury (II) chloride (HgCl2) and lead (II) acetate (PbAc) from 2 h post fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf. Developmental endpoints and transcriptional profiles of the genes involved in GH/IGFs axis of zebrafish larvae were examined at 96 hpf. Body length of zebrfish larvae was found to be a more susceptible endpoint in zebrafish embryo toxicity test than other endpoints, including survival rate, hatching rate, malformation incidence and heart rate after exposure to each of those representative chemicals selected. Perturbation of mRNA expressions of GH/IGF axis genes accompanied by decreased body length indicated that indicated that the growth inhibition observed might be attributed to the dysregulation of GH/IGFs axis. Therefore, GH/IGF axis PCR array of zebrafish larvae could be used to evaluate the effects of chemicals on GH/IGF endocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Dang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei'er Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde 415000, China.
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12
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An automated screening method for detecting compounds with goitrogenic activity using transgenic zebrafish embryos. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203087. [PMID: 30157258 PMCID: PMC6114901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge on environmentally relevant chemicals that may interfere with thyroid signaling is scarce. Here, we present a method for the screening of goitrogens, compounds that disrupt the thyroid gland function, based on the automatic orientation of zebrafish in a glass capillary and a subsequent imaging of reporter gene fluorescence in the thyroid gland of embryos of the transgenic zebrafish line tg(tg:mCherry). The tg(tg:mCherry) reporter gene indicates a compensatory upregulation of thyroglobulin, the thyroid hormone precursor, in response to inhibition of thyroid hormone synthesis. Fish embryos were exposed to a negative control compound (3,4-dichloroaniline), or a concentration series of known goitrogenic compounds (resorcinol, methimazole, potassium perchlorate, 6-propyl-2-thiouracil, ethylenethiourea, phloroglucinol, pyrazole) with maximum exposure concentration selected based on mortality and/or solubility. Exposure to 3,4-dichloroaniline decreased the fluorescence signal. All goitrogenic compounds exhibited clear concentration-dependent inductions of reporter fluorescence 1.4 to 2.6 fold above control levels. Concentration-response modelling was used to calculate goitrogenic potencies based on EC50 values. The new automated method offers an efficient screening approach for goitrogenic activity.
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13
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Han Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Song N, Xu H, Dang Y, Liu C, Giesy JP, Yu H. Prenatal transfer of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) results in disruption of the thyroid system and developmental toxicity in zebrafish offspring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 190:46-52. [PMID: 28686898 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) was one of most widely-used polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and is frequently detected in both abiotic and biotic samples from environment. However, knowledge of its transgenerational risks is limited. Here, 4-month-old zebrafish were exposed to various concentrations of BDE-209 (0, 3, 30 or 300μg/L) for 28days and spawned in clean water without BDE-209. Concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) as well as expressions of genes involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were measured in offspring after exposure of adult zebrafish to BDE-209. BDE-209 was accumulated in adult fish and F1 eggs, which suggests transfer of this compound from adult fish to their offspring. Exposure of BDE-209 to parents resulted in developmental abnormalities in offspring and a significant decrease in T4 concentrations in F1 larvae 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Furthermore, expressions of several genes involved in the HPT axis were also altered. Expressions of thyroid hormone receptor α (tr-α), thyrotropin releasing hormone (trh), thyroid stimulating hormone β (tsh-β) and deiodinase 1 (dio 1) were significantly down-regulated in F1 individuals, while expressions of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (tshr) and transthyretin (ttr) were significantly up-regulated. These results suggest that exposure of parent zebrafish to BDE-209 can cause developmental toxicity in offspring and disruption of the thyroid endocrine system of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Yufei Li
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Ministry of Science and Technology of P.R. China, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Shenghu Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Ninghui Song
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Huaizhou Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210042, China
| | - Yao Dang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Zoology and Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse and School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
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14
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Truter JC, van Wyk JH, Oberholster PJ, Botha AM, Mokwena LM. An evaluation of the endocrine disruptive potential of crude oil water accommodated fractions and crude oil contaminated surface water to freshwater organisms using in vitro and in vivo approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1330-1342. [PMID: 27787904 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge regarding the potential impacts of crude oil on endocrine signaling in freshwater aquatic vertebrates is limited. The expression of selected genes as biomarkers for altered endocrine signaling was studied in African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, tadpoles and juvenile Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, exposed to weathered bunker and unweathered refinery crude oil water accommodated fractions (WAFs). In addition, the expression of the aforementioned genes was quantified in X. laevis tadpoles exposed to surface water collected from the proximity of an underground oil bunker. The (anti)estrogenicity and (anti)androgenicity of crude oil, crude oil WAFs, and surface water were furthermore evaluated using recombinant yeast. Thyroid hormone receptor beta expression was significantly down-regulated in X. laevis in response to both oil WAF types, whereas a further thyroid linked gene, type 2 deiodinase, was up-regulated in O. mossambicus exposed to a high concentration of bunker oil WAF. In addition, both WAFs altered the expression of the adipogenesis-linked peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in X. laevis. The crude oil and WAFs exhibited antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic activity in vitro. However, O. mossambicus androgen receptor 2 was the only gene, representing the reproductive system, significantly affected by WAF exposure. Estrogenicity, antiestrogenicity, and antiandrogenicity were detected in surface water samples; however, no significant changes were observed in the expression of any of the genes evaluated in X. laevis exposed to surface water. The responses varied among the 2 model organisms used, as well as among the 2 types of crude oil. Nonetheless, the data provide evidence that crude oil pollution may lead to adverse health effects in freshwater fish and amphibians as a result of altered endocrine signaling. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1330-1342. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christoff Truter
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johannes H van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Paul J Oberholster
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- CSIR Natural Resources and the Environment, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Maria Botha
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lucky M Mokwena
- Central Analytical Facility, Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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15
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Comparative analysis of goitrogenic effects of phenylthiourea and methimazole in zebrafish embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 57:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Liang X, Yu L, Gui W, Zhu G. Exposure to difenoconazole causes changes of thyroid hormone and gene expression levels in zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:983-7. [PMID: 26590868 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole was believed to induce a large suite of symptoms during zebrafish development, but little is known about the negative invisible effect known as endocrine disruption. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to various concentrations of difenoconazole from fertilization to 120 h post-fertilization (hpf), and the whole body content of thyroid hormone and gene transcription in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis were investigated. Results showed thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly decreased, while triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were not changed. Moreover, the mRNA transcription of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (crh), thyroid-stimulating hormone (tshβ), transthyretin (ttr), thyronine deiodinase (dio1 and dio2), uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (ugt1ab) in the HPT axis were significantly up-regulated, but the transcriptions of thyroglobulin (tg), sodium/iodide symporter (nis) and thyroid hormone receptors trβ were not changed. The overall results showed that exposure to difenoconazole could alter thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in zebrafish larvae, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Liang Yu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Lab of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fishery Resource of Zhejiang Province, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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17
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Braunbeck T, Kais B, Lammer E, Otte J, Schneider K, Stengel D, Strecker R. The fish embryo test (FET): origin, applications, and future. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:16247-61. [PMID: 25395325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Originally designed as an alternative for the acute fish toxicity test according to, e.g., OECD TG 203, the fish embryo test (FET) with the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been optimized, standardized, and validated during an OECD validation study and adopted as OECD TG 236 as a test to assess toxicity of embryonic forms of fish. Given its excellent correlation with the acute fish toxicity test and the fact that non-feeding developmental stages of fish are not categorized as protected stages according to the new European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, the FET is ready for use not only for range-finding but also as a true alternative for the acute fish toxicity test, as required for a multitude of national and international regulations. If-for ethical reasons-not accepted as a full alternative, the FET represents at least a refinement in the sense of the 3Rs principle. Objections to the use of the FET have mainly been based on the putative lack of biotransformation capacity and the assumption that highly lipophilic and/or high molecular weight substances might not have access to the embryo due to the protective role of the chorion. With respect to bioactivation, the only substance identified so far as not being activated in the zebrafish embryo is allyl alcohol; all other biotransformation processes that have been studied in more detail so far were found to be present, albeit, in some cases, at lower levels than in adult fish. With respect to larger molecules, the extension of the test duration to 96 h (i.e., beyond hatch) has-at least for the substances tested so far-compensated for the reduced access to the embryo; however, more research is necessary to fully explore the applicability of the FET to substances with a molecular weight >3 kDa as well as substances with a neurotoxic mode of action. An extension of the endpoints to also cover sublethal endpoints makes the FET a powerful tool for the detection of teratogenicity, dioxin-like activity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity, neurotoxicity, as well as various forms of endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Britta Kais
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Lammer
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Otte
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Stengel
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruben Strecker
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Fetter E, Smetanová S, Baldauf L, Lidzba A, Altenburger R, Schüttler A, Scholz S. Identification and Characterization of Androgen-Responsive Genes in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11789-11798. [PMID: 26308493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Responsive genes for fish embryos have been identified so far for some endocrine pathways but not for androgens. Using transcriptome analysis and multiple concentration-response modeling, we identified putative androgen-responsive genes in zebrafish embryos exposed to 0.05-5000 nM 11-ketotestosterone for 24 h. Four selected genes with sigmoidal concentration-dependent expression profiles (EC50 = 6.5-30.0 nM) were characterized in detail. The expression of cyp2k22 and slco1f4 was demonstrated in the pronephros; lipca was detected in the liver, and sult2st3 was found in the olfactory organs and choroid plexus. Their expression domains, the function of human orthologs, and a pathway analysis suggested a role of these genes in the metabolism of hormones. Hence, it was hypothesized that they were induced to compensate for elevated hormone levels. The induction of sult2st3 and cyp2k22 by 11-ketotestosterone was repressed by co-exposure to the androgen receptor antagonist nilutamide supporting a potential androgen receptor mediated regulation. Sensitivity (expressed as EC50 values) of sult2st3 and cyp2k22 gene expression induction after exposure to other steroidal hormones (11-ketotestosterone ∼ testosterone > progesterone > cortisol > ethinylestradiol) correlated with their known binding affinities to zebrafish androgen receptor. Hence, these genes might represent potential markers for screening of androgenic compounds in the zebrafish embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Fetter
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Soňa Smetanová
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lisa Baldauf
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Lidzba
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf Altenburger
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Schüttler
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research , Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Zhang X, Zhong Y, Tian H, Wang W, Ru S. Impairment of the cortisol stress response mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to monocrotophos pesticide. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26196239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In teleosts, an important component of the stress response is coordinated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. Environmental contaminants might disrupt the stress axis and consequently affect the stress response in fish. To investigate the effect of monocrotophos (MCP) pesticide on the stress response of fish and its potential mechanisms, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0, 1, 10, and 100μg/L of a 40% MCP-based pesticide for 21d, after which time fish were subjected to a 3-min air-exposure stressor. Concentrations of the whole-body cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay and abundances of transcripts of proteins involved in the HPI axis were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Results showed that 100μg/L of MCP pesticide decreased whole-body cortisol levels of female zebrafish in response to an acute stressor, but without any effect on the cortisol response in males. 100μg/L MCP pesticide reduced POMC and GR expression in the brain, MC2R and P45011β expression in the head kidney, but enhanced 20β-HSD2 expression in the head kidney, suggesting that MCP damaged the HPI axis involving acting at pituitary regulatory levels, inhibiting cortisol synthesis and stimulating cortisol catabolism, or disturbing the negative feedback regulation. Additionally, MCP depressed liver GR transcription but did not affect phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and tyrosine aminotransferase expression in zebrafish, suggesting a role for this pesticide in reducing target tissue responsiveness to cortisol. Considered together, the reduced ability to elevate cortisol levels in response to an acute stress may be an endocrine dysfunction occurring in zebrafish subchronically exposed to MCP pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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20
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Jarque S, Piña B. Deiodinases and thyroid metabolism disruption in teleost fish. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 135:361-375. [PMID: 25462686 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many xenobiotic compounds with endocrine disrupting activity have been described since the late eighties. These compounds are able to interact with natural hormone systems and potentially induce deleterious effects in wildlife, notably piscine species. However, while the characterization of endocrine disruptors with "dioxin-like", estrogenic or androgenic activities is relatively well established, little is known about environmentally relevant pollutants that may act at thyroid system level. Iodothyronine deiodinases, the key enzymes in the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormones, have been suggested as suitable biomarkers for thyroid metabolism disruption. The present article reviews the biotic and abiotic factors that are able to modulate deiodinases in teleosts, a representative model organism for vertebrates. Data show that deiodinases are highly sensitive to several physiological and physical variables, so they should be taken into account to establish natural basal deiodination patterns to further understand responses under chemical exposure. Among xenobiotic compounds, brominated flame retardants are postulated as chemicals of major concern because of their similar structure shared with thyroid hormones. More ambiguous results are shown for the rest of compounds, i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluorinated chemicals, pesticides, metals and synthetic drugs, in part due to the limited information available. The different mechanisms of action still remain unknown for most of those compounds, although several hypothesis based on observed effects are discussed. Future tasks are also suggested with the aim of moving forward in the full characterization of chemical compounds with thyroid disrupting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Jarque
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, RECETOX, Kamenice 5/753, CZ62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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