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Shan Y, Yin Y, Wei J, Ma D, Zhan M, Yin Y, Yang L, Jiao W, Wick LY. Mechanisms of heating-electrokinetic co-driven perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) adsorption on zeolite. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 146:264-271. [PMID: 38969454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Slow release of emerging contaminants limits their accessibility from soil to pore water, constraining the treatment efficiency of physio-chemical treatment sites. DC fields mobilize organic contaminants and influence their interactions with geo-matrices such as zeolites. Poor knowledge, however, exists on the joint application of heating and electrokinetic approaches on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) transport in porous media. Here, we investigated electrokinetic PFOA transport in zeolite-filled percolation columns at varying temperatures. Variations of pseudo-second-order kinetic constants (kPSO) were correlated to the liquid viscosity variations (η) and elctroosmotic flow velocities (vEOF). Applying DC fields and elevated temperature significantly (>37%) decreased PFOA sorption to zeolite. A good correlation between η, vEOF, and kPSO was found and used to develop an approach interlinking the three parameters to predict the joint effects of DC fields and temperature on PFOA sorption kinetics. These findings may give rise to future applications for better tailoring PFOA transport in environmental biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Shan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mingxiu Zhan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Environmental Microbiology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Yang SY, Lai CY, Zhao HP. Influence of microbial inoculation site on trichloroethylene degradation in electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation of low-permeability soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118899. [PMID: 38604486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The integration of electrokinetic and bioremediation (EK-BIO) represents an innovative approach for addressing trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination in low-permeability soil. However, there remains a knowledge gap in the impact of the inoculation approach on TCE dechlorination and the microbial response with the presence of co-existing substances. In this study, four 1-dimensional columns were constructed with different inoculation treatments. Monitoring the operation conditions revealed that a stabilization period (∼40 days) was required to reduce voltage fluctuation. The group with inoculation into the soil middle (Group B) exhibited the highest TCE dechlorination efficiency, achieving a TCE removal rate of 84%, which was 1.1-3.2 fold higher compared to the others. Among degraded products in Group B, 39% was ethylene. The physicochemical properties of the post-soil at different regions illustrated that dechlorination coincided with the Fe(III) and SO42- reduction, meaning that the EK-BIO system promoted the formation of a reducing environment. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that Dehalococcoides was only detected in the treatment of injection at soil middle or near the cathode, with abundance enriched by 2.1%-7.2%. The principal components analysis indicated that the inoculation approach significantly affected the evolution of functional bacteria. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that Group B exhibited at least 2.8 and 4.2-fold higher copies of functional genes (tceA, vcrA) than those of other groups. In conclusion, this study contributes to the development of effective strategies for enhancing TCE biodechlorination in the EK-BIO system, which is particularly beneficial for the remediation of low-permeability soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Yang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Li J, Li F, Tong M, Zhao Z, Xi K, Guo S. Construction of an effective method combining in situ capping with electric field-enhanced biodegradation for treating PAH-contaminated soil at abandoned coking sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171209. [PMID: 38408657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The simultaneous application of in situ capping and electro-enhanced biodegradation may be a suitable method for ensuring the feasibility and safety of reusing abandoned coking sites. However, the capping layer type and applied electric field pattern may affect the efficiency of sequestering and removing pollutants. This study investigated changes in electric current, soil moisture content and pH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration, bacterial number, and microbial community structure and metabolic function during soil remediation at abandoned coking plant sites under different applied electric field patterns and barrier types. The results indicated that polarity-reversal electric field was more conducive to maintaining electric current, soil properties, resulting in higher microbial number, community diversity, and functional gene abundance. At 21d, the mean PAH concentrations in contaminated soil, the capping layer's clean soil and barrier were 78.79, 7.56, and 1.57 mg kg-1 lower than those with a unidirectional electric field, respectively. The mean degradation rate of PAHs in the bio-barrier was 10.12 % higher than that in the C-Fe barrier. In the experiment combining a polarity-reversal electric field and a bio-barrier, the mean PAH concentrations in contaminated soil and the capping layer were 706.68 and 27.15 mg kg-1 lower than those in other experiments, respectively, and no PAHs were detected in the clean soil, demonstrating that the combination of the polarity-reversal electric field and the bio-barrier was effective in treating soil at abandoned coking plant sites. The established method of combining in situ capping with electro-enhanced biodegradation will provide technical support for the treatment and reuse of heavily PAH-contaminated soil at abandoned coking plant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengmei Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Menghan Tong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ze Zhao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kailu Xi
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China.
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4
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Ren Y, Wang G, Bai X, Su Y, Zhang Z, Han J. Research progress on remediation of organochlorine pesticide contamination in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:25. [PMID: 38225511 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Deteriorated soil pollution has grown into a worldwide environmental concern over the years. Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues, featured with ubiquity, persistence and refractoriness, are one of the main pollution sources, causing soil degradation, fertility decline and nutritional imbalance, and severely impacting soil ecology. Furthermore, residual OCPs in soil may enter the human body along with food chain accumulation and pose a serious health threat. To date, many remediation technologies including physicochemical and biological ways for organochlorine pollution have been developed at home and abroad, but none of them is a panacea suitable for all occasions. Rational selection and scientific decision-making are grounded in in-depth knowledge of various restoration techniques. However, soil pollution treatment often encounters the interference of multiple factors (climate, soil properties, cost, restoration efficiency, etc.) in complex environments, and there is still a lack of systematic summary and comparative analysis of different soil OCP removal methods. Thus, to better guide the remediation of contaminated soil, this review summarized the most commonly used strategies for OCP removal, evaluated their merits and limitations and discussed the application scenarios of different methods. It will facilitate the development of efficient, inexpensive and environmentally friendly soil remediation strategies for sustainable agricultural and ecological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xuanjiao Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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5
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Yuan L, Wang K, Zhao Q, Yang L, Wang G, Jiang M, Li L. An overview of in situ remediation for groundwater co-contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119342. [PMID: 37890298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is an important component of water resources. Mixed pollutants comprising heavy metals (HMs) and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) from industrial activities can contaminate groundwater through such processes as rainfall infiltration, runoff and discharge, which pose direct threats to human health through the food chain or drinking water. In situ remediation of contaminated groundwater is an important way to improve the quality of a water environment, develop water resources and ensure the safety of drinking water. Bioremediation and permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) were discussed in this paper as they were effective and affordable for in situ remediation of complex contaminated groundwater. In addition, media types, technology combinations and factors for the PRBs were highlighted. Finally, insights and outlooks were presented for in situ remediation technologies for complex groundwater contaminated with HMs and PHs. The selection of an in situ remediation technology should be site specific. The remediation of complex contaminated groundwater can be approached from various perspectives, including the development of economical materials, the production of slow-release and encapsulated materials, and a combination of multiple technologies. This review is expected to provide technical guidance and assistance for in situ remediation of complex contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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6
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Wang L, Cheng WC, Xue ZF, Xie YX, Lv XJ. Study on Cu- and Pb-contaminated loess remediation using electrokinetic technology coupled with biological permeable reactive barrier. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119348. [PMID: 37866186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the electrokinetic (EK) remediation has drawn great attention because of its good maneuverability, the focusing phenomenon near the cathode and low removal efficiency remain to be addressed. In this study, a novel EK reactor was proposed to remediate Cu and Pb contaminated loess where a biological permeable reactive barrier (bio-PRB) was deployed to the middle of the EK reactor. For comparison, three test configurations, namely, CG, TG-1, and TG-2, were available. CG considered the multiple enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) treatments, while TG-1 considered both the multiple EICP treatments and pH regulation. TG-2 further considered NH4+ recovery based on TG-1. CG not only improved Cu and Pb removals by the bio-PRB but also depressed the focusing phenomenon. TG-1 causes more Cu2+ and Pb2+ to migrate toward the bio-PRB and aggravates Cu and Pb removals by the bio-PRB, depressing the focusing phenomenon. TG-2 depressed the focusing phenomenon the most because Cu2+ and Pb2+ can combine with not only CO32- but PO43-. The removal efficiency of Cu and Pb is 34% and 36%, respectively. A NH4+ recovery of about 100% is attained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Wen-Chieh Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Zhong-Fei Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Xie
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Xin-Jiang Lv
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
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7
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Li F, Li J, Tong M, Xi K, Guo S. Effect of electric fields strength on soil factors and microorganisms during electro-bioremediation of benzo[a]pyrene-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139845. [PMID: 37634583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Electro-bioremediation is a promising technology for remediating soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the resulting electrokinetic effects and electrochemical reactions may inevitably cause changes in soil factors and microorganism, thereby reducing the remediation efficiency. To avoid negative effect of electric field on soil and microbes and maximize microbial degradability, it is necessary to select a suitable electric field. In this study, artificial benzo [a]pyrene (BaP)-contaminated soil was selected as the object of remediation. Changes in soil factors and microorganisms were investigated under the voltage of 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 V cm-1 using chemical analysis, real-time PCR, and high-throughput sequencing. The results revealed noticeable changes in soil factors (pH, moisture, electrical conductivity [EC], and BaP concentration) and microbes (PAHs ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase [PAHs-RHDα] gene and bacterial community) after the application of electric field. The degree of change was related to the electric field strength, with a suitable strength being more conducive to BaP removal. At 70 d, the highest mean extent of BaP removal and PAHs-RHDα gene copies were observed in EK2.0 + BIO, reaching 3.37 and 109.62 times those in BIO, respectively, indicating that the voltage of 2.0 V cm-1 was the most suitable for soil microbial growth and metabolism. Changes in soil factors caused by electric fields can affect microbial activity and community composition. Redundancy analysis revealed that soil pH and moisture had the most significant effects on microbial community composition (P < 0.05). The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate electric field that could be used for electro-bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil by evaluating the effects of electric fields on soil factors and microbial communities. This study also provides a reference for efficiency enhancement and successful application of electro-bioremediation of soil contaminated with PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingming Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Menghan Tong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kailu Xi
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China.
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8
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Lan J, Wen F, Ren Y, Liu G, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Zhu X. An overview of bioelectrokinetic and bioelectrochemical remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100278. [PMID: 37251519 PMCID: PMC10220241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The global problem of petroleum contamination in soils seriously threatens environmental safety and human health. Current studies have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of bioelectrokinetic and bioelectrochemical remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils due to their easy implementation, environmental benignity, and enhanced removal efficiency compared to bioremediation. This paper reviewed recent progress and development associated with bioelectrokinetic and bioelectrochemical remediation of petroleum-contaminated soils. The working principles, removal efficiencies, affecting factors, and constraints of the two technologies were thoroughly summarized and discussed. The potentials, challenges, and future perspectives were also deliberated to shed light on how to overcome the barriers and realize widespread implementation on large scales of these two technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fang Wen
- Xinjiang Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yongxiang Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Guangli Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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9
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Hu W, Cheng WC, Wang Y, Wen S, Xue ZF. Applying a nanocomposite hydrogel electrode to mitigate electrochemical polarization and focusing effect in electrokinetic remediation of a Cu- and Pb-contaminated loess. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122039. [PMID: 37336350 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate handling of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb)-containing wastewater resulting from metallurgical and smelting industries in Northwest China encourages their migration to surrounding environments. Their accumulation causes damage to liver and kidney function. The electrokinetic (EK) technology is considered to be an alternative to traditional remediation technologies because of its great maneuverability. The EK remediation is accompanied by the electrode polarization and the focusing effect toward affecting removal efficiency. In this study, a nanocomposite hydrogel (NCH) electrode was proposed and applied to the EK remediation of Cu- and Pb-contaminated loess. The mechanical, adsorption capacity, adsorption kinetics, and electrochemical properties of the NCH electrode were investigated in detail, followed by microscopic analyses of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman spectrometer. Results showed that the enhancement of the mechanical properties of the NCH electrode was attributed to the crosslinks of graphene nanoparticles, calcium alginate, and hydrogen bonds, while the Cu or Pb adsorption by the NCH electrode was in a chemisorption manner. The second layer formation might address the increase in adsorption capacity with increasing temperature. These results highlight the relative merits of the NCH electrode and verify the potential of applying the NCH electrode to the EK remediation of Cu- and Pb-contamianted loess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenle Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Wen-Chieh Cheng
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Shaojie Wen
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Zhong-Fei Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Space Engineering (XAUAT), Xi'an, 710055, China.
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10
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Li J, Li F, Tong M, Guo S. Treatment of PAHs contaminated soil in abandoned industrial site using combined method of improved in situ capping and electrokinetic enhanced-bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131606. [PMID: 37178532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ capping and bioremediation are common technologies for treating contaminated soil at industrial sites. However, these two technologies have some shortcomings for treating soil heavily contaminated with organic matter, such as the limited adsorption in capping layer and the low biodegradation efficiency. This study proposed the method of an improved in situ capping combined with electrokinetic enhanced-bioremediation, and investigated its feasibility for treating heavily polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil at an abandoned industrial site. By analyzing the changes in soil properties, PAHs concentration, and microbial community in experiments with voltages of 0, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 V cm-1, it was found that improved in situ capping could effectively sequester PAHs migration by adsorption and biodegradation, and electric field could enhance PAHs removal from contaminated soil and bio-barrier. In the experiments with electric field, soil environment under the voltage of 1.2 V cm-1 was more favorable for the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and the residual PAHs concentrations (19.47 ± 0.76 mg kg-1 and 619.38 ± 20.05 mg kg-1) in the bio-barrier and contaminated soil of experiment with 1.2 V cm-1 were the lowest, which indicated that optimization of the electric field conditions could lead to better effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengmei Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Menghan Tong
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Shi C, Tong M, Cai Q, Li Z, Li P, Lu Y, Cao Z, Liu H, Zhao HP, Yuan S. Electrokinetic-Enhanced Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Low-Permeability Soils: Mechanistic Insight from Spatio-Temporal Variations of Indigenous Microbial Community and Biodehalogenation Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5046-5055. [PMID: 36926893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation (EK-Bio), particularly bioaugmentation with injection of biodehalogenation functional microbes such as Dehalococcoides, has been documented to be effective in treating a low-permeability subsurface matrix contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. However, the spatio-temporal variations of indigenous microbial community and biodehalogenation activity of the background matrix, a fundamental aspect for understanding EK-Bio, remain unclear. To fill this gap, we investigated the variation of trichloroethylene (TCE) biodehalogenation activity in response to indigenous microbial community succession in EK-Bio by both column and batch experiments. For a 195 day EK-Bio column (∼1 V/cm, electrolyte circulation, lactate addition), biodehalogenation activity occurred first near the cathode (<60 days) and then spread to the anode (>90 days), which was controlled by electron acceptor (i.e., Fe(III)) competition and microbe succession. Amplicon sequencing and metagenome analysis revealed that iron-reducing bacteria (Geobacter, Anaeromyxobacter, Geothrix) were enriched within initial 60 d and were gradually replaced by organohalide-respiring bacteria (versatile Geobacter and obligate Dehalobacter) afterward. Iron-reducing bacteria required an initial long time to consume the competitive electron acceptors so that an appropriate reductive condition could be developed for the enrichment of organohalide-respiring bacteria and the enhancement of TCE biodehalogenation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Man Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Qizheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Li
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P. R. China
| | - Songhu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, No. 68 Jincheng Street, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430078, P. R. China
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12
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Hawal LH, Saeed KA, Al-Sulttani AO. Copper metal elimination from polluted soil by electro-kinetic technique. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:443. [PMID: 36872419 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The electro kinetic method is one of the common methods in the process of pollutants removal. In this paper, the process of removing copper from contaminated soil has been studied. Some improved conditions were used in this process; the pH of the solution was changed for each experiment during the first three experiments. SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) has been used as an activator to improve the removal process by washing the soil with it. Date palm fibers (DPF) were also used as an adsorbent material to counteract the reverse flow that occurred during the removal process, thus increasing the removal value. Various experiments were performed, where it was observed that by decreasing the pH, the removal capacity was increased. The removal capacity in the three different experiments were 70% at pH 4, 57% at pH 7, and 45% at pH 10. The use of SDS as a solution in the process increased the dissolution and absorption of copper from the soil surface and then increased the removal capacity (74%). The use of DPF to counter the osmosis flow has been successful in adsorbing the pollutants (copper) returning from this flow, and thus this material can be considered good from an economic and environmental aspect when compared to other commercial adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Hamdan Hawal
- Environment Engineering Department, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | | | - Ali Omran Al-Sulttani
- Water Resources Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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13
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Blue J, Boving T, Tuccillo ME, Koplos J, Rose J, Brooks M, Burden D. Contaminant Back Diffusion from Low-Conductivity Matrices: Case Studies of Remedial Strategies. WATER 2023; 15:1-31. [PMID: 36959915 PMCID: PMC10031503 DOI: 10.3390/w15030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant groundwater contamination is a common problem at hazardous waste sites worldwide. Groundwater contamination persists despite decades of remediation efforts at many sites because contaminants sorbed or dissolved within low-conductivity zones can back diffuse into high-conductivity zones, and therefore act as a continuing source of contamination to flowing groundwater. A review of the available literature on remediation of plume persistence due to back diffusion was conducted, and four sites were selected as case studies. Remediation at the sites included pump and treat, enhanced bioremediation, and thermal treatment. Our review highlights that a relatively small number of sites have been studied in sufficient detail to fully evaluate remediation of back diffusion; however, three general conclusions can be made based on the review. First, it is difficult to assess the significance of back diffusion without sufficient data to distinguish between multiple factors contributing to contaminant rebound and plume persistence. Second, high-resolution vertical samples are decidedly valuable for back diffusion assessment but are generally lacking in post-treatment assessments. Third, complete contaminant mass removal from back diffusion sources may not always be possible. Partial contaminant mass removal may nonetheless have potential benefits, similar to partial mass removal from primary DNAPL source zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Blue
- Eastern Research Group, Concord, MA 01742, USA
| | - Thomas Boving
- Department Geosciences/Department Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Brooks
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK 74820, USA
| | - David Burden
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK 74820, USA
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Abou-Shady A, Ali ME, Ismail S, Abd-Elmottaleb O, Kotp YH, Osman MA, Hegab RH, Habib AA, Saudi AM, Eissa D, Yaseen R, Ibrahim GA, Yossif TM, El-Araby H, Selim EMM, Tag-Elden MA, Elwa AES, El-Harairy A. Comprehensive review of progress made in soil electrokinetic research during 1993–2020, Part I: process design modifications with brief summaries of main output. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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15
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Basic principles and problems in decontamination of natural disperse systems. The electrokinetic treatment of soils. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 310:102798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Srichandan H, Singh PK, Parhi PK, Mohanty P, Adhya TK, Pattnaik R, Mishra S, Hota PK. Environmental remediation using metals and inorganic and organic materials: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:197-226. [PMID: 35895918 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2065871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, environmental pollution has been an alarming concern. This is increasing day-in-and-day-out, especially in the Asia-Pacific region due to the increasing population, urbanization, industrialization and inappropriate waste management measures. Pollution abatement is the need of the hour to sustain the biosphere in general and the human life in particular. A range of physical, chemical and biological strategies are commonly employed to remove pollutants from the contained water, soil and air. Physical, chemical or physicochemical remediation processes are commonly employed owing to their high efficiency, stability, recyclable property and low procurement cost as compared to metals, inorganic and organic materials. Materials of the later type include biocomposites, thin films, modified (bio)polymers, nanoparticles, nanofilters, sorbent like activated charcoal, and carbon nanotubes and nanosensors. Remediation mechanism largely follows sorption, degradation, oxidation, reduction, catalytic conversion, detection and microbial toxicity principles. This review details the mechanisms of action by these various remediating entities, their successful applications in pollution abatement, drawbacks and future prospects.HighlightsEnvironmental remediation using metals, inorganic and organic materials are discussed extensively.Major remediating approaches, viz., physical, physicochemical and chemical are elaborated citing latest references.The significance of biocomposites, biopolymers, polymers, thin films, nanoparticles, nanofilters, nanosensors and sorbents in remediation are highlighted.Pollutant removal from water, air and soil has been precisely discussed.A note on drawbacks, improvement and future prospects of remediating agents is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haragobinda Srichandan
- Bioenergy Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Puneet Kumar Singh
- Bioenergy Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | - Pratikhya Mohanty
- Bioenergy Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Adhya
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Ritesh Pattnaik
- Bioenergy Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- Bioenergy Lab, BDTC, School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed-to-be-University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Odapada Panchayat Samiti Mahavidyalaya, Dhenkanal,India
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Sprocati R, Rolle M. On the interplay between electromigration and electroosmosis during electrokinetic transport in heterogeneous porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118161. [PMID: 35152137 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic techniques represent a valuable approach to enhance solute transport, reactant delivery and contaminant degradation in complex environmental matrices, such as contaminated soil and groundwater, and have a great potential for the remediation of many organic and inorganic pollutants. This study investigates the complex interplay between the key electrokinetic transport mechanisms, electromigration and electroosmosis, in physically heterogeneous porous media and its impact on tracer distribution, reactant mixing and degradation efficiency. We perform experiments in a multidimensional setup, considering different types of heterogeneities, injected tracers and reactants, as well as background electrolyte pore water with different chemical composition and pH. We show that EK transport is significantly affected by the physical heterogeneities, due to the interaction between electrokinetic and hydraulic processes, and by the pore water chemistry that plays a key role on the magnitude and spatial distribution of electroosmotic fluxes. The latter affect the overall transport of charged and non-charged species, including the migration velocity of injected plumes, their spatial patterns, spreading and mixing with the background groundwater, and the extent of degradation and the spatio-temporal evolution of reactive zones in the heterogeneous porous media. Process-based numerical modeling allowed us to interpret the experimental observations and to disentangle the coupled effects of physical, chemical and electrostatic processes in the multidimensional, heterogeneous setups. Besides elucidating the mechanisms controlling electrokinetic transport, the results of this study have also important implications for practical field implementation of EK approaches in intrinsically heterogeneous subsurface systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sprocati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Massimo Rolle
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Rolle M, Albrecht M, Sprocati R. Impact of solute charge and diffusion coefficient on electromigration and mixing in porous media. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 244:103933. [PMID: 34872016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of electrokinetic techniques in porous media has great potential to enhance mass transfer rates and, thus, to mobilize contaminants and effectively deliver reactants and amendments. However, the transport mechanisms induced by the application of an external electric field are complex and entail the coupling of physical, chemical and electrostatic processes. In this study we focus on electromigration and we provide experimental evidence of the impact of compound-specific properties, such as the aqueous diffusivity and the valence of charged species, on the macroscopic electrokinetic transport. We performed a series of multidimensional experiments considering the displacement of three different tracer plumes (i.e., permanganate, allura red and new coccine) in different background electrolyte solutions. The outcomes of the experiments clearly show that both the compound-specific diffusivity and the charge of the injected and resident ions impact the transport of the selected color tracer plumes, whose evolution was monitored with image analysis. The investigated experimental scenarios led to distinct plume behavior characterized by different mass distribution, average displacement velocities, longitudinal and lateral plume spreading, shape of the invading and receding fronts, as well as dilution of the injected solutes. A numerical simulator, based on the Nernst-Planck-Poisson equations and on aqueous speciation reactions in the pore water, allowed us to quantitatively interpret the experimental results, to capture the observed patterns of plume evolution, and to illuminate the coupling between the governing physico-chemical mechanisms and the controlling role of small scale compound-specific and electrostatic properties. Finally, the model was also extended to a typical configuration of in situ electrokinetic remediation of contaminated groundwater to show the impact of such mechanisms at larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Rolle
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Marina Albrecht
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Riccardo Sprocati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Paul Choudhury S, Kalamdhad AS. Optimization of electrokinetic pretreatment for enhanced methane production and toxicity reduction from petroleum refinery sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113469. [PMID: 34399372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of electrokinetic pretreatment on petroleum sludge (PS) released from the wastewater treatment plants of petrochemical industries for enhanced biodegradation and contaminant removal. The application of electric field on PS through direct current is optimized with the combined variation of applied voltage (40-80 V), exposure duration (20-120 min) and distance between graphite electrodes (8-16 cm) using central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). The optimization study revealed significant interaction among the response variables to obtain an optimum condition (60 V, 83.5 min, 11.6 spacing) for maximization of solubilization in terms of soluble chemical oxygen demand (230% increment against untreated) and volatile fatty acids (172% increment against untreated) concentrations for accelerated hydrolysis of complex PS. BMP batch assays were performed at different inoculum and sludge ratios (0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.7) based on volatile solids content after pretreatment at the optimized condition which resulted in accumulated methane ranging from 5.16 to 6.61 L/gVSadded (untreated - 3.9 L/gVSadded). The mixing ratio of 0.4 showed the maximum methane enhancement of 69.2% compared to untreated. The maximum removal of organic content (62.8%), oil and grease (71.74%), and total petroleum hydrocarbon (52.9%) were also observed for the mixing ratio of 0.4. The FTIR study showed the efficacy in hydrocarbon dissociation and decomposition after pretreatment of PS. The net energy gain (3508 kJ) and phytotoxicity reduction of batch digestate after the anaerobic digestion suggest the economic feasibility and decontamination efficiency of the electrokinetic pretreatment technique respectively. Further research could be performed to evaluate the viability of this pretreatment for enhanced methane recovery at field-scale levels to relate to these lab-scale postulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Paul Choudhury
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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21
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Shouli Pour F, Jensen PE, Pedersen KB, Lejon T. Comparison of 2- and 3-compartment electrodialytic remediation cells for oil polluted soil from northwest Russia. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3900-3906. [PMID: 32241239 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1749943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrodialytic remediation is a method based on electrokinetics, in which an electric field of low intensity increases the availability of pollutants in solid waste materials. The electric field induces processes that mobilise and transport inorganic and organic pollutants. The transport of ions in the electrodialytic cell is controlled by employing ion-exchange membranes, allowing separation of the electrodes from the solids. In this study, using a two cell design, electrodialytic experiments were conducted to compare remediation of a heavily oil-polluted soil from Arkhangelsk, Russia. The 2-compartment cell has not previously been employed for electrodialytic removal of organic pollutants and was tested along with the traditional 3-compartment design. The influence of experimental variables (current density, remediation time, stirring and light) and settings on the two cell designs was investigated. The highest removal (77%) of total hydrocarbons (THC) was observed in the 3-compartment cell at high current density (0.68 mA/cm2), longer remediation time (28 days), stirring and exposure to daylight. High current density and stirring increased the removal efficiencies in both cell designs. Within the studied experimental domain, the removal efficiencies in the 3-compartment cell (10-77%) were, however, higher than those observed in the 2-compartment cell (0-38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shouli Pour
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
| | - Pernille E Jensen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Tore Lejon
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsoe, Norway
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Jindakaraked M, Khan E, Kajitvichyanukul P. Biodegradation of paraquat by Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis immobilized on ceramic with supplemented wastewater sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117307. [PMID: 33991735 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the performance of paraquat removal by cell-immobilized ceramics. Two strains of paraquat degrading bacteria, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis, were separately immobilized on the ceramic with and without wastewater sludge addition. Results showed that the ceramic surface with sludge has more functional groups and a more highly negative charge on the surface than the original ceramic. The ceramic with sludge had 2-3-fold of the immobilized cells higher than that of the control (without sludge) and less leaching of the immobilized cells. The sludge addition at 20% (w/w) to the ceramic provided the highest cell adhesion for both P. putida and B. subtilis. The paraquat removal efficiencies were higher than 98%, while the control ceramic could remove only 77 ± 1.2%. The immobilized cells on ceramic with sludge provided a significant degree of dissolved organic nitrogen reduction (82%) during the paraquat removal. Most organic nitrogen in paraquat was biologically mineralized (ammonified). Findings from this work suggest the superiority of ceramic with sludge in mineralizing organic nitrogen associated with paraquat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manee Jindakaraked
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Research and Innovation, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4015, USA
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Huang Y, He Z, Xu L, Yang B, Hou Y, Lei L, Li Z. Alternating current enhanced bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47562-47573. [PMID: 33895947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, bioremediation was applied with sinusoidal alternating current (AC) electric fields to remove petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) for soil remediation. Applying AC electric field with bioremediation (AC+BIO) could efficiently remove 31.6% of the TPH in 21 days, much faster than that in the BIO only system (13.7%) and AC only system (5.5%). When the operation time extended to 119 days, the AC+BIO system could remove 73.3% of the TPH. Applying AC electric field (20-200 V/m) could maintain the soil pH at neutral, superior to the direct current electric field. The maximum difference between soil temperature and the room temperature was 1.9 °C in the AC (50 V/m) +BIO system. The effects of AC voltage gradient (20-200 V/m) on the microorganisms and TPH degradation efficiency by AC+BIO were investigated, and the optimized AC voltage gradient was assessed as 50 V/m for lab-scale experiments. The microbial community structures in the BIO and AC+BIO systems were compared. Although Pseudomonas was the dominant species, Firmicutes became more abundant in the AC+BIO system than the BIO system, indicating their adaptive capacity to the stress of the AC electric field. Real petroleum-contaminated soil was used as a reaction matrix to evaluate the performance of AC+BIO in the field. The initial current density was about 0.2 mA/cm2, voltage gradient was about 20 V/m, and the average TPH degradation rate was 8.1 μg/gdry soil per day. This study provided insights and fundamental supports for the applications of AC+BIO to treat petroleum-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhongwei He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Bin Yang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 32400, China
| | - Yang Hou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 32400, China
| | - Lecheng Lei
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 32400, China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Institute of Zhejiang University - Quzhou, Quzhou, 32400, China.
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The influence of electrokinetic bioremediation on subsurface microbial communities at a perchloroethylene contaminated site. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6489-6497. [PMID: 34417847 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased interest in finding remedies for contamination in low permeability and advection-limited aquifers. A technology applicable at these sites, electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation (EK-BIO), combines traditional bioremediation and electrokinetic technologies by applying direct current to transport bioremediation amendments and microbes in situ. The effect of this technology on the native soil microbial community has only been previously investigated at the bench scale. This research explored the influence of EK-BIO on subsurface microbial communities at a field-scale demonstration site. The results showed that, similar to the findings in laboratory studies, alpha diversity decreased and beta diversity differed temporally, based on treatment phase. Enrichments in specific taxa were linked to the bioaugmentation culture and electron donor. Overall, findings from our study, one of the first field-scale investigations of the influence of electrokinetic bioremediation on subsurface microbial communities, are very similar to bench-scale studies on the topic, suggesting good correlation between laboratory and field experiments on EK-BIO and showing that lessons learned at the benchtop are important and relevant to field-scale implementation. KEY POINTS: • Microbial community analysis of field samples validates laboratory study results • Bioaugmentation cultures and electron donors have largest effect on microbial community.
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Moqsud MA. Bioremediation of polluted soil due to tsunami by using recycled waste glass. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14272. [PMID: 34253815 PMCID: PMC8275791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93806-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, bioremediation of tsunami-affected polluted soil has been conducted by using collective microorganisms and recycled waste glass. The Tohoku earthquake, which was a mega earthquake in Japan triggered a huge tsunami on March 11th, 2011 that caused immeasurable damage to the geo-environmental conditions by polluting the soil with heavy metals and excessive salt content. Traditional methods to clean this polluted soil was not possible due to the excess cost and efforts. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the capability of bioremediation of saline soil by using recycled waste glass. Different collective microorganisms which were incubated inside the laboratory were used. The electrical conductivity (EC) was measured at different specified depths. It was noticed that the electrical conductivity decreased with the assist of the microbial metabolisms significantly. Collective microorganisms (CM2) were the highly capable to reduce salinity (up to 75%) while using recycled waste glass as their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azizul Moqsud
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube City, 755-8611, Japan.
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Purkis JM, Warwick PE, Graham J, Hemming SD, Cundy AB. Towards the application of electrokinetic remediation for nuclear site decommissioning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125274. [PMID: 33609867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination encountered on nuclear sites includes radionuclides as well as a range of non-radioactive co-contaminants, often in low-permeability substrates such as concretes or clays. However, many commercial remediation techniques are ineffective in these substrates. By contrast, electrokinetic remediation (EKR), where an electric current is applied to remove contaminants from the treated media, retains high removal efficiencies in low permeability substrates. Here, we evaluate recent developments in EKR for the removal of radionuclides in contaminated substrates, including caesium, uranium and others, and the current benefits and limitations of this technology. Further, we assess the present state of EKR for nuclear site applications using real-world examples, and outline key areas for future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Purkis
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Phil E Warwick
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - James Graham
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria CA20 1PG, UK
| | - Shaun D Hemming
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
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Zhang M, Wu B, Guo P, Wang S, Guo S. Bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contaminated soil under the superimposed electric field condition. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128723. [PMID: 33127102 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An innovative superimposed electric field (SEF) was designed with the aim to achieve uniform removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. Also the influence of SEF on the bioremediation efficiency of PAHs was investigated in compared with the common electric field (CEF). Five experiments were conducted in this study, namely EK-CEF (applied CEF), EKB-CEF (CEF enhanced bioremediation), EK-SEF (applied SEF), EKB-SEF (SEF enhanced bioremediation), and Bio (bioremediation). The results indicated that electric field with periodically reversed polarity could effectively prevent the occurrence of large changes in soil pH, temperature, and electric current. The electric field intensity of SEF was concentrated in the range of 0.5-1.5 V/cm, and the difference between the maximum and minimum PAHs removal percentage in EK-SEF was just 5.4%, in comparison to 14.8% in EK-CEF. The bioremediation promoting effect did not show significant difference between SEF and CEF. Compared to Bio, the removal percentages of the 5-ring and 6-ring PAHs attributed to the degrading bacteria were much higher in EKB-SEF and EKB-CEF. Moreover, the microbial number increased with the distance away from electrodes, and the microbial community changed correspondingly. All these would be resulted in differences removal efficiencies among different PAHs components. Despite its intrinsic advantages, the influence of SEF on soil physicochemical and biological properties needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation By Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Chen Y, Zhi D, Zhou Y, Huang A, Wu S, Yao B, Tang Y, Sun C. Electrokinetic techniques, their enhancement techniques and composite techniques with other processes for persistent organic pollutants remediation in soil: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zhou H, Liu Z, Li X, Xu J. Remediation of lead (II)-contaminated soil using electrokinetics assisted by permeable reactive barrier with different filling materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124885. [PMID: 33373955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Removal of lead (II) (Pb2+) from contaminated soil was investigated using a new-type switchable-array-electrode electrokinetics assisted by permeable reactive barrier (SAE/EK-PRB). The soil pH after treatments with SAE/EK-PRB ranged from 3.5 to 4.8, and the peak values of current density was highest with 3.01 mA/cm2 at voltage gradient 2.5 V/cm. Both voltage gradient and moisture content promoted the removal of Pb2+. Moisture content 35% and 2.5 V/cm were considered as the optional operating conditions. Different PRB filling materials including zeolite, fly ash, active carbon alone and the combination of fly ash and graphene oxide were, therefore, investigated under the optional operating conditions. The highest removal reached 92.6% with the combination of fly ash and graphene oxide. Pb2+ forms in the soil with different PRB filling materials showed the percentages of weak bindings, such as exchangeable and carbonate forms decreased. However, strong binding, residual form increased largely, indicating the SAE/EK-PRB could effectively reduce the environmental risk of Pb2+ to a great extent. Fly ash and the combination of zeolite and fly ash as PRB filling materials demonstrated to be highly promising for the effective EK remediation of Pb2+-contaminated soil, taking the economic and environmental principles and remediation efficiency into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Guedes P, Dionísio J, Couto N, Mateus EP, Pereira CS, Ribeiro AB. Electro-bioremediation of a mixture of structurally different contaminants of emerging concern: Uncovering electrokinetic contribution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124304. [PMID: 33153782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the electrokinetic (EK) contribution to the removal from a clay soil of a mixture of 10 different contaminants of emerging concern (CECs; 17β-estradiol, E2; sulfamethoxazole, SMX; bisphenol A, BPA; ibuprofen, IBU; 17α-ethinylestradiol, EE2; oxybenzone, OXY; diclofenac, DCF; triclosan, TCS; caffeine, CAF; carbamazepine, CBZ). After 4 days, the CECs natural attenuation was between 0% (CBZ) and 90% (E2) yet increasing with the application of EK (20 mA, 12 h ON/OFF) to 14% (CBZ) and 100% (E2). When EK was applied, the CECs more recalcitrant to biodegradation (i.e. ≤ 13% biotic decay) mostly underwent electro-chemical induced degradation (OXY, DCF, TCS, CAF, CBZ). Daily irrigation enhanced the rates of the electro-oxidation -osmosis and -migration, increasing the CECs decay. After 8 days of EK treatment, the CECs decay increased, surpassing the decay lag phase of some compounds (OXY, TCS, and CBZ). Yet after 16 days, most CECs showed similar removals with and without EK, with EK only acting positively on SMX, OXY, TCS and CBZ (ca. +10%). Our results support that EK application can improve the removal of CECs from soil, however, under the conditions tested, 16-day treatment lead to pH alterations that decreased the bioremediation efficiency and inhibited electro-degradation near the cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guedes
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Joana Dionísio
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nazaré Couto
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Prakash AA, Prabhu NS, Rajasekar A, Parthipan P, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Govarthanan M. Bio-electrokinetic remediation of crude oil contaminated soil enhanced by bacterial biosurfactant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124061. [PMID: 33092887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluating the coupling between bioremediation (BIO) and electrokinetic (EK) remediation of crude oil hydrocarbon by using bio-electrokinetic (BIO-EK) technique. The application of bacterial biosurfactant (BS) may increase the remediation efficiency by increasing the solubility of organic materials. In this work, the potential biosurfactant producing marine bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA analysis namely Bacillus subtilis AS2, Bacillus licheniformis AS3 and Bacillus velezensis AS4. Biodegradation efficiency of crude oil was found as 88%, 92% and 97% for strain AS2, AS3 and AS4 respectively, with the optimum temperature of 37 °C and pH 7. FTIR confirm the BS belongs to lipopeptide in nature. GCMS reveals that three isolates degraded the lower to higher molecular weight of the crude oil (C8 to C28) effectively. Results showed that use of BS in electokinetic remediation enhance the biodegradation rate of crude oil contaminated soil about 92% than EK (60%) in 2 days operation. BS enhances the solubilization of hydrocarbon and it leads to the faster electromigration of hydrocarbon to the anodic compartment, which was confirmed by the presence of higher total organic content than the EK. This study proven that the BIO-EK combined with BS can be used to enhance in situ bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Arul Prakash
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Natarajan Srinivasa Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Punniyakotti Parthipan
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India; Electrochemical Energy Research Lab, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak‑ro, Buk‑gu, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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Yang X, Chen S. Microorganisms in sediment microbial fuel cells: Ecological niche, microbial response, and environmental function. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144145. [PMID: 33303196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) is a device that harvests electrical energy from sediments rich in organic matter. SMFCs have been attracting increasing amounts of interest in environmental remediation, since they are capable of providing a clean and inexhaustible source of electron donors or acceptors and can be easily controlled by adjusting the electrochemical parameters. The microorganisms inhabiting sediments and the overlying water play a pivotal role in SMFCs. Since the SMFC is applied in an open environment rather than in an enclosed chamber, the effects of the environment on the microbes should be intense and the microbial community succession should be extremely complex. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the microorganisms in SMFCs, which few previous review papers have reported. In this study, the anodic and cathodic niches for the microorganisms in SMFCs are summarized, how the microbial population and community interact with the SMFC environment is discussed, a new microbial succession strategy called the electrode stimulation succession is proposed, and recent developments in the environmental functions of SMFCs are discussed from the perspective of microorganisms. Future studies are needed to investigate the electrode stimulation succession, the environmental function and the electron transfer mechanism in order to boost the application of SMFCs for power generation and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Gómez-Flores P, Gutiérrez-Rojas M, Gómez SA, González I. Sequential solvent extraction as a tool for evaluating hydrocarbons speciation in soil after electrochemical treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141802. [PMID: 32890830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soluble and total extractable concentrations used for predicting contaminants' environmental fate may lead to uncertainties due to the lack of understanding of soil-contaminants interactions. The present study focuses on the influence of a controlled electric field on the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil samples evaluated through a speciation scheme. Soil samples were spiked with 25,000 mg (hexadecane, phenanthrene, and pyrene 100:1:1 w/w) per kg of soil, and speciation of hydrocarbons was determined by employing a novel Sequential Solvent Extraction procedure, resulting in five fractions: soluble, pseudosoluble, desorbable, extractable, and sequestered. The distribution of hydrocarbons was then changed through the application of an electric field (72 h, 0.708 mA cm-2, 2.95 ± 0.13 V cm-1), which modified the interactions in the soil-water interface. The electrochemical treatment significantly increased the pyrene soluble, desorbable and sequestered fractions by 340, 1.3 and 19-fold (p < 0.05); the hexadecane soluble fraction increased in 6-fold (p < 0.05) and the phenanthrene desorbable fraction increased in 1.3-fold (p < 0.05). The use of the speciation scheme proposed in this study provides a wider view of hydrocarbons distribution in soils, rather than using water-soluble or total extractable concentrations. Finally, this speciation scheme is proposed as a tool to evaluate the environmental fate of organic contaminants in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Gómez-Flores
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mariano Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Sergio A Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos e Hidráulica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Ignacio González
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340 Iztapalapa, CDMX, Mexico.
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Sustainability in ElectroKinetic Remediation Processes: A Critical Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of suitable technologies for the remediation of environmental contaminations has attracted considerable attention. Among these, electrochemical approaches have gained prominence thanks to the many possible applications and their proven effectiveness. This is particularly evident in the case of inorganic/ionic contaminants, which are not subject to natural attenuation (biological degradation) and are difficult to treat adequately with conventional methods. The purpose of this contribution is to present a critical overview of electrokinetic remediation with particular attention on the sustainability of the various applications. The basis of technology will be briefly mentioned, together with the phenomena that occur in the soil and how that will allow its effectiveness. The main critical issues related to this approach will then be presented, highlighting the problems in terms of sustainability, and discussing some possible solutions to reduce the environmental impact and increase the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this promising technology.
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Sprocati R, Gallo A, Sethi R, Rolle M. Electrokinetic Delivery of Reactants: Pore Water Chemistry Controls Transport, Mixing, and Degradation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:719-729. [PMID: 33295762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetics in porous media entails complex transport processes occurring upon the establishment of electric potential gradients, with a wide spectrum of environmental applications ranging from remediation of contaminated sites to biotechnology. The resulting electric forces cause the movement of pore water ions in opposite directions, leading to charge interactions that can affect the distribution of charged species in the domain. Here, we demonstrate that changes in chemical conditions, such as the concentration of a background electrolyte in the pore water of a saturated porous medium, exert a key control on the macroscopic transport of charged tracers and reactants. The difference in concentration between the background electrolyte and an injected solute can limit or enhance the reactant delivery, cause nonintuitive patterns of concentration distribution, and ultimately control mixing and degradation kinetics. With nonreactive and reactive electrokinetic transport experiments combined with process-based modeling, we show that microscopic charge interactions in the pore water play a crucial role on the transport of injected plumes and on the mechanisms and rate of both physical and chemical processes at larger, macroscopic scales. Our results have important implications on electrokinetic transport in porous media and may greatly impact injection and delivery strategies in a wide range of applications, including in situ remediation of soil and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sprocati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrea Gallo
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Rajandrea Sethi
- Department of Environmental, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Rolle
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Barba S, Villaseñor J, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Biostimulation versus bioaugmentation for the electro-bioremediation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid polluted soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111424. [PMID: 33038673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to compare three biological strategies for the in situ remediation of a 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) polluted clayey soil by coupling electrokinetics (EK) and bioremediation (technology named as electrobioremediation, EBR). The first option (i) is EK-biostimulation, in which the activity of microorganisms already present in soil is enhanced by EK phenomena. The second and third options are EK-bioaugmentation, which consist of addition of microorganisms to soil through the inclusion of permeable biological barriers: (ii) using a microbial fixed biofilm reactor as biobarrier (BB1), and (iii) using a mixture of clean soil and a microbial suspension as biobarrier (BB2). Thus, three batch experiments at bench scale were conducted under a constant electric field of 1 V cm-1, and electrode polarity was periodically reversed every 12 h (2 d-1). The duration of each test was 10 days. Two additional tests using only biodegradation or only EK were performed as auxiliary reference tests. A microbial consortium acclimated to 2,4-D biodegradation was employed. Results showed that EK-biostimulation strategy offered the best pollutant removal efficiency (reaching up almost 100%) while biobarriers offered pollutant removal rates between 75 and 85%. Permeable biobarriers allowed the introduction of microorganism but caused a decrease in the electro-osmotic flow which, in turn, reduced the mobilization and contact between microorganisms and pollutants. These results can contribute to the knowledge and understanding of electrobioremediation of polluted soil and to the feasibility of delivering microorganism to the soil by using biobarriers. Despite biostimulation was found to be the best option, results show that permeable reactive biobarriers may result in a successful alternative for in-situ EK-bioaugmentation when acclimated microbial population is not already present in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barba
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Ferreira AR, Guedes P, Mateus EP, Ribeiro AB, Couto N. Emerging organic contaminants in soil irrigated with effluent: electrochemical technology as a remediation strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140544. [PMID: 32652356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The effluent reuse for soil irrigation is foreseen as a possible strategy to mitigate the pressure on water resources. However, there is the risk of potential accumulation in soil of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs). In the present work the electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology, use of direct current, was applied for the removal of EOCs from a soil irrigated with effluent. For this, a soil collected from a rice field (located in Portugal) was mixed with spiked effluent to simulate flood irrigation in one time-period. The experiments were carried out for 6 days applying a low current intensity of 2.5 mA. Different current strategies were tested: continuous mode, reversed electrode polarization (REP), On/Off time periods, and the combination of the last two. The target EOCs comprises a list of six pharmaceuticals and personal care products widely detected in treated wastewater. This study showed that once introduced in soil through effluent irrigation, 20-100% of the EOCs were still present in the soil after 6 days. EKR enhanced up to 20% of the EOCs removal when comparing with control (without current). The EOC removals showed to be related to the microcosm location (anode, central or cathode sections) and dependent of EOCs characteristics. Soil characteristics did not change when On/Off system was combined with REP as a current strategy, and a more homogenous removal of the studied EOCs was achieved in the tested conditions. EKR showed to be a promising technology to be applied in EOCs contaminated soils, not only for removal purposes, but also to avoid possible dispersion in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Ferreira
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Eduardo P Mateus
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra B Ribeiro
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Nazaré Couto
- CENSE, Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Sprocati R, Flyvbjerg J, Tuxen N, Rolle M. Process-based modeling of electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122787. [PMID: 32388097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a process-based modeling analysis of electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation (EK-Bio) to illuminate the complex interactions between physical, electrostatic and biogeochemical processes occurring during the application of this remediation technique. The features of the proposed model include: (i) multidimensional electrokinetic transport in saturated porous media by electromigration and electroosmosis, (ii) charge interactions, (iii) degradation kinetics, (iv) microbial populations dynamics of indigenous and specialized exogenous degraders, (v) mass transfer limitations, and (vi) geochemical reactions. A scenario modeling investigation is presented, which was inspired by an EK-Bio pilot application conducted in a clayey aquitard at the Skuldelev site (Denmark) contaminated by chlorinated ethenes. Lactate and specialized degraders are delivered under conservative and reactive transport conditions. In the considered setup, transport of lactate using electrokinetics results in more than fourfold increase in the distribution efficiency with respect to a diffusion-only scenario. Moreover, EK transport by electromigration and electroosmosis yields fluxes at least two orders of magnitude larger than diffusive fluxes. Quantitative metrics are also defined and used to assess the amendment distribution and the enhanced contaminant biodegradation in the different conservative and reactive transport scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sprocati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - John Flyvbjerg
- Centre for Regional Development, Capital Region of Denmark, Kongens Vænge 2, 3400, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Nina Tuxen
- Centre for Regional Development, Capital Region of Denmark, Kongens Vænge 2, 3400, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Massimo Rolle
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Crognale S, Cocarta DM, Streche C, D’Annibale A. Development of laboratory-scale sequential electrokinetic and biological treatment of chronically hydrocarbon-impacted soils. N Biotechnol 2020; 58:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li F, Guo S, Wang S, Zhao M. Changes of microbial community and activity under different electric fields during electro-bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126880. [PMID: 32957287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electro-bioremediation is a promising technology for remediation of soil contaminated with persistent organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). During electro-bioremediation, electrical fields have been shown to increase pollutant degradation. However, it remains unclear whether there is an optimal strength for the electrical field applied that is conductive to the maximum role played by microbes. This study aimed to determine the optimal strength of electric field through the analysis of the effects of different voltages on the microbial community and activity. Four bench-scale experiments with voltages of 0, 1, 2 and 3 V cm-1 were conducted for 90 days in an aged PAH-contaminated soil. The spatiotemporal changes of the soil pH, moisture content and temperature, microbial biomass and community structure, and the degradation extent of PAHs were researched over 90 days. The results indicated that the total microbial biomass and degradation activity were highest at voltages of 2 V cm-1. The concentration of total phospholipid fatty acids, used to quantify soil microbial biomass, reached 65.7 nmol g-1 soil, and the mean degradation extent of PAHs was 44.0%. Similarly, the maximum biomass of actinomycetes, bacteria and fungus also occurred at the voltage of 2 V cm-1. The Gram-positive/Gram-negative and (cy17:0+cy 19:0)/(16:1ω7+18:1ω7) ratios also showed that the intensity of electric field and electrode reactions strongly influenced the microbial community structure. Therefore, to optimize the electro-bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soil, the strength of electric field needs to be selected carefully. This work provides reference for the development of novel electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mingyang Zhao
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Lu Q. Insights into the remediation of cadmium-pyrene co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic and the influence factors. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126861. [PMID: 32348925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of cadmium-pyrene co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic (EK) and the influence factors were investigated in this study. The artificial contaminated soils were treated for 20 days in EK experimental setups without electrolyte solution reservoirs, to simulate in-situ remediation of unsaturated soil. The results indicated that polarity-reversing electric field had maintained soil pH in the range of 7.27-7.67. Cadmium (Cd) contaminant would aggregate near electrodes, and the average Cd concentration in these areas had reached 72.21 mg/kg (original 51.6 mg/kg), while the value in soil farthest away from electrodes was 33.58 mg/kg. The reasons for Cd aggregated were: the insoluble hydroxide formations attribute to the frequently alternation of acid-base environment, and the decrease of pH and water holding capacity in soil away from electrodes would promote the dissolved Cd movement by electro-osmosis flow. Although the applied electric field could promote the growth and activity of pyrene-degrading microorganisms (PDM), the soluble Cd would be the restriction factor, especially in soil near electrodes. However, the highest (56.38%) pyrene removal efficiency (PRE) was achieved near electrodes due to the synergistic effect of electric filed and PDM, and PRE was positively correlated with the PDM number in soil away from electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Shanghai Prestige Environmental Engineering Co., LTD., Shanghai, 201499, China.
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Abstract
Land degradation by old mining activities is a concern worldwide. However, many known technologies are expensive and cannot be considered for mining soil restoration. Biochar amendment of mining soils is becoming an interesting alternative to traditional technologies due to an improvement in soil properties and metal mobility reduction. Biochar effects depend on soil and biochar properties, which in turn vary with pyrolysis conversion parameters and the feedstock used. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of four biochars prepared from poultry and rabbit manure at two pyrolysis temperatures (450 and 600 °C) in the trace metal mobility, CO2 emissions, and enzymatic activity of 10 mining soils located in three historical mining areas of Spain (Zarandas-Andalusia, Mijarojos-Cantabria, and Portman-Murcia). For this reason, soils were amended with biochars at a rate of 10% (w/w), and different treatments were incubated for 180 days. For acid soils of the Zarandas-Andalusia area, biochar addition reduced the mobility of Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr, respectively, by 91%, 81%, 29%, 67%, and 70%. Nevertheless, biochars did not exhibit the same efficiency in the other two areas where alkaline soils were predominant. CO2 emissions generally increased in the treated soils. The application of biochars produced at 600 °C reduced CO2 emissions, in some cases by more than 28%, being an adequate strategy for C sequestration in soil. The results showed that application of manure biochars can be an effective technique to reduce the mobility of metals in multi-contaminated acid soils, while reducing metal toxicity for soil microorganisms.
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43
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Zhang M, Guo P, Wu B, Guo S. Change in soil ion content and soil water-holding capacity during electro-bioremediation of petroleum contaminated saline soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:122003. [PMID: 31901846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated changes in soil ion content and soil water-holding capacity during electro-bioremediation (EK-Bio) of petroleum contaminated saline soil (ion content of 3.92 g/kg). The results indicated that the soil ions surrounded the electrodes with increasing time, thus changing the soil water-holding capacity. According to the Van Genuchten model fitting results, the soil residual water content (θr) increased with the soil ion content, which represented a capacity decrease of the soil water supply. At the end of the EK-Bio experiment, the θr values in the soil near (site A) and far from (site B) the electrodes were 19.1 % and 12.1 %, where the soil ion content was 7.92 g/kg and 0.55 g/kg, respectively. The ion aggregation process significantly impacted the growth of soil microbial. The bacteria numbers decreased when the soil ion content was high (7.41 g/kg, site A) and low (0.84 g/kg, site B) after 70 days of treatment. The applied electric field significantly enhanced the bioremediation efficiency. However, the biodegradation promotion effect was the weakest at site A. The synergistic effect between the applied electric field and degrading bacteria was delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-Physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-Physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-Physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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44
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Cecconet D, Sabba F, Devecseri M, Callegari A, Capodaglio AG. In situ groundwater remediation with bioelectrochemical systems: A critical review and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105550. [PMID: 32086076 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination is an ever-growing environmental issue that has attracted much and undiminished attention for the past half century. Groundwater contamination may originate from both anthropogenic (e.g., hydrocarbons) and natural compounds (e.g., nitrate and arsenic); to tackle the removal of these contaminants, different technologies have been developed and implemented. Recently, bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged as a potential treatment for groundwater contamination, with reported in situ applications that showed promising results. Nitrate and hydrocarbons (toluene, phenanthrene, benzene, BTEX and light PAHs) have been successfully removed, due to the interaction of microbial metabolism with poised electrodes, in addition to physical migration due to the electric field generated in a BES. The selection of proper BESs relies on several factors and problems, such as the complexity of groundwater and subsoil environment, scale-up issues, and energy requirements that need to be accounted for. Modeling efforts could help predict case scenarios and select a proper design and approach, while BES-based biosensing could help monitoring remediation processes. In this review, we critically analyze in situ BES applications for groundwater remediation, focusing in particular on different proposed setups, and we identify and discuss the existing research gaps in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cecconet
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Matyas Devecseri
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arianna Callegari
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea G Capodaglio
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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45
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Li F, Guo S, Wu B, Wang S. Pilot-scale electro-bioremediation of heavily PAH-contaminated soil from an abandoned coking plant site. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125467. [PMID: 32050326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a systematic pilot-scale study on removal of PAHs from the abandoned site of Shenyang former Coking Plant in China (total PAH concentration of 5635.60 mg kg-1 in soil). Three treatments, including the control treatment (without inoculation and electric field), bioremediation (with inoculation), and the electro-bioremediation (with inoculation and electric field), were conducted with a treatment time of 182 days to assess their PAH-removal efficiency. All the treatments were conducted from May to October under natural conditions. Results show that electro-bioremediation enhanced the removal of total PAHs, especially high-ring (>3 rings) PAHs. At 182 days, the degradation extents of total and 4-6-ring PAHs reached 69.1% and 65.9%, respectively, under electro-bioremediation (29.3% and 44.4% higher, respectively, than those under bioremediation alone). After electro-bioremediation, the total toxicity equivalent concentrations of total PAHs and 4-, 5- and 6-ring PAHs reduced 49.0%, 63.7%, 48.2% and 30.1%, respectively. These results indicate that electro-bioremediation not only effectively removed the PAHs but also reduced the health risks of soil in an abandoned coking plant site. In addition, electro-bioremediation with polarity reversal could maintain uniform soil pH, the degradation extent of PAHs and soil microorganism numbers at all sites. The environmental conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, had little influence on the process of electro-bioremediation. These findings suggest that electro-bioremediation may be applied for field-scale remediation of heavily PAH-contaminated soil in abandoned coking plant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shuhai Guo
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang, 110016, China
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46
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Shan Y, Qin J, Harms H, Wick LY. Electrokinetic effects on the interaction of phenanthrene with geo-sorbents. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125161. [PMID: 31683161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interactions with solid matrices control the persistence and (bio-)degradability of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOC). Approaches influencing the rate or extent of HOC interactions with matrices are thus longed for. When a direct current (DC) electric field is applied to a matrix immersed in an ionic solution, it invokes transport processes including electromigration, electrophoresis, and electroosmotic flow (EOF). EOF is the surface charge-induced movement of pore fluids. It has the potential to mobilize uncharged organic contaminants and, hence, to influence their interactions with sorbing geo-matrices (i.e. geo-sorbents). Here, we assessed the effects of weak DC electric fields on sorption and desorption of phenanthrene (PHE) in various mineral and carbonaceous geo-sorbents. We found that DC fields significantly changed the rates and extent of PHE sorption and desorption as compared to DC-free controls. A distinct correlation between the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°) and electrokinetic effects such as the EOF velocity was observed; in case of mineral sorbents EOF limited (or even inhibited) PHE sorption and increased its desorption. In strongly sorbing carbonaceous geo-sorbents, however, EOF significantly increased the rates of PHE sorption and reduced PHE desorption by > 99% for both activated charcoal and exfoliated graphite. Based on our findings, an approach linking ΔG° and EOF velocity was developed to estimate DC-induced PHE sorption and desorption benefits on mineral and carbonaceous sorbents. We conclude that such kinetic regulation gives rise to future technical applications that may allow modulating sorption processes e.g. in response to fluctuating sorbate concentrations in contaminated water streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Shan
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jinyi Qin
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hauke Harms
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
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47
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Ali N, Bilal M, Khan A, Ali F, Iqbal HMN. Effective exploitation of anionic, nonionic, and nanoparticle-stabilized surfactant foams for petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135391. [PMID: 31806317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated environments posed serious threats to the ecosystems and their living beings. Suitable preventive approaches should be adopted for effective remediation of contaminated environments to remove or lower their health and environmentally-related hazardous aspects. Petroleum or traces of petroleum contamination from oil fields and refineries to exposed soil in the form of gasoline, petrol, diesel, and used motor oil are a rich source of potential damage to the environment. Conventional ways of treatment and management of hydrocarbon are complicated, insufficient, and expensive. Herein, we reviewed a smart approach for the removal of petroleum source contamination from exposed soil using environment-friendly chemical surfactants and nanoscale surfactant system. The host/guest complexes formation of surfactants with the hydrocarbons (hydrophobic contaminants) of soil and water by the encapsulation mechanism of hydrophobes into the (micelles) a self-assembly aggregation of surfactants. Recently, surfactants stabilized by nanoparticles (NPs) acquired more importance and popularity over surfactant alone. The persistence of diverse hydrocarbon-based contaminants and the mechanisms of removal using pristine surfactants or NP-stabilized surfactant foams are discussed with suitable examples. In summary, herein, an effort has been made to present the notable potentialities of pristine surfactants and NP-stabilized surfactant foams to remediate the petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil for a greener and sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ali
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Adnan Khan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL CP 64849, Mexico.
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48
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Saini A, Bekele DN, Chadalavada S, Fang C, Naidu R. A review of electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation technologies for PHs. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 88:31-45. [PMID: 31862072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 1980's there have been several different strategies designed and applied to the remediation of subsurface environment including physical, chemical and biological approaches. They have had varying degrees of success in remediating contaminants from subsurface soils and groundwater. The objective of this review is to examine the range of technologies for the remediation of contaminants, particularly petroleum hydrocarbons, in subsurfaces with a specific focus on bioremediation and electrokinetic remediation. Further, this review examines the efficiency of remediation carried out by combining bioremediation and electrokinetic remediation. Surfactants, which are slowly becoming the selected chemicals for mobilizing contaminants, are also considered in this review. The current knowledge gaps of these technologies and techniques identified which could lead to development of more efficient ways of utilizing these technologies or development of a completely new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Saini
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Dawit Nega Bekele
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Sreenivasulu Chadalavada
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Newcastle 2308, NSW, Australia.
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49
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Sprocati R, Rolle M. Charge interactions, reaction kinetics and dimensionality effects on electrokinetic remediation: A model-based analysis. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2020; 229:103567. [PMID: 31780056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of electrokinetic remediation technologies (EKR) for the removal of different contaminants from subsurface porous media has been increasingly recognized. Despite electrokinetic applications have shown promising results, quantitative understanding of such systems is still challenging due to the complex interplay between physical transport processes, electrostatic interactions, and geochemical reactions. In this study, we perform a model-based analysis of electrokinetic transport in saturated porous media. We investigate the effects of: (i) Coulombic interactions between ions in the system mobilized by electromigration, (ii) reaction kinetics on the overall removal efficiency of a non-charged organic contaminant, and (iii) dimensionality and different electrode configurations. The results show that such effects play a major role on the performance of electrokinetic systems. The simulations illuminate the importance of microscopic processes, such as electrostatic interactions and ion-specific diffusivities, and their non-intuitive macroscopic impact on the delivery of charged amendments and on the efficiency of contaminant removal. The insights of this study are valuable to improve and optimize the design and the operational strategies of electrokinetic remediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sprocati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Massimo Rolle
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljøvej, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Mohan H, Lim JM, Cho M, Park YJ, Seralathan KK, Oh BT. Remediation of BTEX and Cr(VI) contamination in soil using bioelectrochemical system-an eco-friendly approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:837-845. [PMID: 31813123 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers (BTEX) has raised increasing concern because of its high solubility in water and toxicity to biotic communities. This study aims at investigating the process and prospects of deploying bioelectrochemical system (BES) for the removal of BTEX from artificially contaminated soil using Pseudomonas putida YNS1, alongside the reduction of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The BES was setup with desired operating conditions: initial concentration of BTEX (50-400 mg/L in 100 mL of sterilized water), pH (4-10) and applied potential voltage (0.6-1.2 V) with 10 μL log-phase culture along with the addition of Cr(VI) (10 mg/L). Samples were collected at regular intervals and analysed for BTEX degradation using gas chromatography and Cr(VI) reduction using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Under optimized conditions (initial BTEX concentration, 200 mg/L; pH 7; and applied voltage 0.8 V with Cr(VI) of 10 mg/L), 92% of BTEX was degraded and 90% Cr(VI) was reduced from the contaminated soil. The intermediates produced during degradation were analysed through gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and the possible degradation pathway was elucidated. The results indicated that BES could be effective for simultaneous degradation of BTEX along with Cr(VI) reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshavardhan Mohan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Muk Lim
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Min Cho
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Yool-Jin Park
- Department of Ecology Landscape Architecture-Design, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea
| | - Kamala-Kannan Seralathan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea.
| | - Byung-Taek Oh
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, South Korea.
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