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Jiang Y, Cheng R, Zhou H, Pu Y, Wang D, Jiao Y, Chen Y. ROS suppression and oocyte quality restoration: NMN intervention in decabromodiphenyl ether-exposed mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116557. [PMID: 38850695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is an organic compound that is widely used in rubber, textile, electronics, plastics and other industries. It has been found that BDE-209 has a destructive effect on the reproductive system of mammals. However, the effect of BDE-209 exposure on oocyte quality and whether there is a viable salvage strategy have not been reported. Here, we report that murine oocytes exposed to BDE-209 produce a series of meiostic defects, including increased fragmentation rates and decreased PBE. Furthermore, exposure of oocytes to BDE-209 hinders mitochondrial function and disrupts mitochondrial integrity. Our observations show that supplementation with NMN successfully alleviated the meiosis impairment caused by BDE-209 and averted oocyte apoptosis by suppressing ROS generation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NMN supplementation may be able to alleviate the oocyte quality impairment induced by BDE-209 exposure, providing a potential strategy for protecting oocytes from environmental pollutant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Rong Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Haoyang Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yanan Pu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Di Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yangyang Jiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
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2
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Qi Y, Cao W, Zheng Q, Wei Z, Wang Z, Qu R. Insights into the photocatalytic degradation of hydrophobic organic contaminants on the surface of nitrogen doped silica: New findings of the formation of silicon-based substitution products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133398. [PMID: 38160556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work, nitrogen-doped SiO2 (N-SiO2) was successfully synthesized to develop an "adsorption-photocatalytic degradation" water purification technology to remove hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). As a representative of HOCs, decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) could be efficiently degraded under simulated sunlight after adsorption on the surface of N-SiO2. Due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and silicon-based radicals, the photodegradation rate of DBDPE on water-SiO2 interface was 1.5-fold higher than that in water. Furthermore, the transformation pathways of DBDPE on N-SiO2 surface were compared with that in water. Bond breaking and debromination reactions were the common pathways, while hydroxylation and silicon-based substitution reactions were the specific transformation pathways for DBDPE on the surface of N-SiO2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to reveal the generation mechanism of silicon-based radicals and determine the rationality of the involvement of silicon-based radicals in DBDPE transformation. The energy barriers of silicon-based substitution reaction were comparable to that of hydroxylation and debromination reactions, which confirmed the plausibility of the generation of silicon-based substitution products. This study provides an efficient method for the disposal of HOCs, which also gives some new insights into the conversion mechanism of organic pollutants mediated by silicon-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenqian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qing Zheng
- School of Marine and Biological Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224003, PR China
| | - Zhongbo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
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3
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Sun Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Hou J. A critical review on BDE-209: Source, distribution, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108410. [PMID: 38160509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the most widely used polybrominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209 is commonly used in polymer-based commercial and household products. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, BDE-209 is ubiquitous in a variety of environmental compartments and can be exposed to organisms in various ways and cause toxic effects. The present review outlines the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of BDE-209 in the environment, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. BDE-209 has been detected in various environmental matrices including air, soil, water, and sediment. Additionally, environmental factors such as organic matter, total suspended particulate, hydrodynamic, wind, and temperature affecting BDE-209 are specifically discussed. Toxicity studies suggest BDE-209 may cause systemic toxic effects on living organisms, reproductive toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, genetic toxicity, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity, or even be carcinogenic. BDE-209 has toxic effects on organisms mainly through epigenetic regulation and induction of oxidative stress. Evidence regarding the degradation of BDE-209, including biodegradation, photodegradation, Fenton degradation, zero-valent iron degradation, chemical oxidative degradation, and microwave radiation degradation is summarized. This review may contribute to assessing the environmental risks of BDE-209 to help develop rational management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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4
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Xuan Z, Ma Y, Zhang J, Zhu J, Cai M. Dissolved legacy and emerging organochlorine pesticides in the Antarctic marginal seas: Occurrence, sources and transport. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114511. [PMID: 36580836 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polar regions are recognized as final sinks of the persistent contaminants, however, environmental investigations in the Antarctica are greatly limited by harsh field conditions. In this study, seawater samples were collected in the Antarctic marginal seas during the austral summer of 2021 to investigate the environmental behavior and fate of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The concentrations and source markers of representative legacy hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) indicated the coexistent sources of historical residues and fresh inputs. While the emerging OCPs, including quintozene, pentachloroaniline and dichlobenil, showed relatively lower detection frequency. Due to the differences in temperature and sea ice coverage, dissolved OCPs generally displayed higher concentrations in the eastern Antarctic than those in the western Antarctic. The 'surface depleted and depth enrichment' vertical profile of representative OCPs in the continental shelf of Prydz Bay was jointly controlled by biological pump and water mass structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Xuan
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China; Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China.
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Jincai Zhu
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China
| | - Minghong Cai
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, 200030 Shanghai, China; Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, 451 Jinqiao Road, Shanghai 200136, China
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5
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Xie B, Lin X, Wu K, Chen J, Qiu S, Luo J, Huang Y, Peng L. Adipose tissue levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in relation to prognostic biomarkers and progression-free survival time of breast cancer patients in eastern area of southern China: A hospital-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114779. [PMID: 36370816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that individual or groups of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are associated with risk of breast cancer (BC). Epidemiological studies of PBDEs and BC progression are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between PBDE burdens in adipose tissues and prognostic biomarkers of BC as well as progression-free survival (PFS) of patients for the first time. The concentrations of 14 PBDE congeners in breast adipose tissues of 183 cases from the eastern area of southern China were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression models for the associations between PBDE levels and prognostic biomarkers. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify the correlations between PBDEs and PFS. The results showed that BDE-99 and 190 levels were positively associated with clinical stage and N stage respectively (OR = 2.61 [1.26-5.40], OR = 2.78 [1.04-7.46]). Concentrations of BDE-28 and BDE-183 were negatively associated with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) (OR = 0.30 [0.11-0.81]; 0.39 [0.15-0.99]) and progesterone receptor (PR) (OR = 0.36 [0.14-0.92]; 0.37 [0.15-0.91]), and increased BDE-47 was associated with lower human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression (OR = 0.44 [0.23-0.86]). Adipose levels of BDE-71, 99, 138, 153, 154 and total PBDEs were positively associated with p53 expression (all P < 0.05). Finally, BDE-47, 99 and 183 were considered as independent prognostic factors for shorter PFS in the Cox models (adjusted hazard ratios = 3.14 [1.26-7.82]; 2.25 [1.03-4.94]; 2.60 [1.08-6.25], respectively). The recurrence risk and prognosis of BC may be closely bound to the body burdens of certain PBDE congeners. Further epidemiological and experimental studies are needed for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingmeng Xie
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - Xueqiong Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, 515041, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jiongyu Chen
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jianan Luo
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Yiteng Huang
- Health Care Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, PR China.
| | - Lin Peng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 7 Raoping Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China.
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Yadav IC, Devi NL. Legacy and emerging flame retardants in indoor and outdoor dust from Indo-Gangetic Region (Patna) of India: implication for source apportionment and health risk exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68216-68231. [PMID: 35536469 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fate of legacy and emerging flame retardants are poorly reported in developing countries, including India. Also, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) application-based source apportionment of these pollutants is less comprehensive. This study analyzed the contamination level and sources of 25 flame retardants in dust from India's central Indo-Gangetic Plain (Patna city) using the PCA and PMF model. Dust samples were collected from various functional areas of indoor (n = 22) and outdoor (n = 16) environments. The sum of four groups of FRs in indoor dust (median 8080 ng/g) was 3-4 times greater than the outdoor dust (median 2410 ng/g). The novel-brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPFRs) were more dominant than polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), indicating the influence of worldwide elimination of PBDEs. The median concentration of ∑NBFRs in indoor and outdoor dust was 1210 ng/g and 6820 ng/g, while the median concentration of ∑OPFRs was measured to be 383 ng/g and 1210 ng/g, respectively. Likewise, ∑9PBDEs in indoor and outdoor dust ranged from 2-1040 ng/g (median 38.8 ng/g) to 0.62-249 ng/g (median 10.7 ng/g), respectively. Decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) was identified as the most abundant NBFR in dust, comprising 99.9% of ∑6NBFR, while tri-cresyl phosphates (TMPPs) showed the highest concentration among OPFR and accounted for 75% ∑8OPFRs. The PMF analysis indicated that a significant fraction of FRs in the dust (80%) could derive from plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, anti-foam agents, PVC, paint, and coatings. In comparison, debromination of higher PBDE congeners contributed 20% in the dust environment. FR's estimated daily exposure risk in dust showed dermal absorption as the main route of FR's intake to adult and children populations. Children were more vulnerable to the risk of FRs than the adult population. The estimated daily exposure risk for selected FRs in this study was 4-6 orders of magnitude lesser than the respective reference dose (RfD), proposing negligible health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan.
| | - Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7 Gaya-Panchanpur Road, Gaya-824236, Bihar, India
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7
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An D, Xing X, Tang Z, Li Y, Sun J. Concentrations, distribution and potential health risks of organic ultraviolet absorbents in street dust from Tianjin, a megacity in northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112130. [PMID: 34571034 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of organic ultraviolet absorbers (OUVAs) in outdoor dust remains poorly understood, especially in megacities. We measured the concentrations of 11 OUVAs in street dust from Tianjin, China, by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and found total concentrations in the range of 10.3-129 ng/g. These OUVAs were prevalent in the study street dust, but their concentrations were much lower than those in indoor dust reported in other areas previously. Benzophenone and octocrylene were the dominant OUVAs, representing medians of 15.5% and 13.1% of total OUVA concentrations, respectively. Total concentrations of dust OUVAs in the industrial area were higher than the residential, cultural and new urban areas. Source assessment indicated that the OUVAs likely originated mainly from the manufacture and consumption of cosmetics and personal care products, and some may have been from the production and use of OUVA-containing consumer products. The calculated non-carcinogenic risks of OUVAs in street dust were low. Our results further confirmed that the OUVAs were prevalent in the environment, provide useful information for understanding potential risks of these chemicals and developing risk management strategies. Further studies are needed to investigate the occurrence, environmental behaviors and potential risks of these emerging contaminants in outdoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di An
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiangyang Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yonghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas (Minzu University of China), National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Ma Y, Stubbings WA, Abdallah MAE, Cline-Cole R, Harrad S. Formal waste treatment facilities as a source of halogenated flame retardants and organophosphate esters to the environment: A critical review with particular focus on outdoor air and soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150747. [PMID: 34619188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) has generated great concern about their adverse effects on environmental and ecological safety and human health. As well as emissions during use of products containing such chemicals, there are mounting concerns over emissions when such products reach the waste stream. Here, we review the available data on contamination with HFRs and OPEs arising from formal waste treatment facilities (including but not limited to e-waste recycling, landfill, and incinerators). Evidence of the transfer of HFRs and OPEs from products to the environment shows that it occurs via mechanisms such as: volatilisation, abrasion, and leaching. Higher contaminant vapour pressure, increased temperature, and elevated concentrations of HFRs and OPEs in products contribute greatly to their emissions to air, with highest emission rates usually observed in the early stages of test chamber experiments. Abrasion of particles and fibres from products is ubiquitous and likely to contribute to elevated FR concentrations in soil. Leaching to aqueous media of brominated FRs (BFRs) is likely to be a second-order process, with elevated dissolved humic matter and temperature of leaching fluids likely to facilitate such emissions. However, leaching characteristics of OPEs are less well-understood and require further investigation. Data on the occurrence of HFRs and OPEs in outdoor air and soil in the vicinity of formal e-waste treatment facilities suggests such facilities exert a considerable impact. Waste dumpsites and landfills constitute a potential source of HFRs and OPEs to soil, and improper management of waste disposal might also contribute to HFR contamination in ambient air. Current evidence suggests minimal impact of waste incineration plants on BFR contamination in outdoor air and soil, but further investigation is required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ma
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - William A Stubbings
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Reginald Cline-Cole
- Department of African Studies & Anthropology, School of History and Cultures, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Semerjian L, Okoh AI, Okoh OO. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Surface Water and Sediment of Nahoon River Estuary, South Africa. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030832. [PMID: 35164097 PMCID: PMC8839697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations, potential sources, and compositional profile of PBDEs in the surface water and sediment of Nahoon Estuary, East London, South Africa, were investigated with solid-phase extraction and ultra-sonication, respectively, followed by gas-chromatography-electron capture detection. The seasonal range of the contaminants’ concentrations in water and sediment samples in spring season were ∑PBDE 329 ± 48.3 ng/L (25.32–785 ng/L) and ∑PBDE 4.19 ± 0.35 ng/g dw (1.91–6.57 ng/g), but ∑PBDE 62.1 ± 1.50 ng/L (30.1–110 ng/L) and ∑PBDE 65.4 ± 15.9 ng/g dw (1.98–235 ng/g) in summer, respectively. NH1 (first sampling point) was the most contaminated site with PBDE in the Estuary. The potential source of pollution is attributed to the stormwater runoff from a creek emptying directly into the Estuary. This study’s dominant PBDE congener is BDE-17, ranging from below detection limit to 247 ng/L and 0.14–32.1 ng/g in water and sediment samples, respectively. Most detected at all the sites were BDE-17, 47, 66, and 100. Most BDE-153 and 183 are found in sediment in agreement with the fact that higher brominated congeners of PBDE adsorb to solid materials. There was no correlation between the congeners and organic carbon and organic matter. However, the human health risk assessment conducted revealed that the PBDE concentration detected in the estuary poses a low eco-toxicological risk. Nevertheless, constant monitoring should be ensured to see that the river remains safe for the users, as it serves as a form of recreation to the public and a catchment to some neighbourhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (A.O.A.); (A.I.O.); (O.O.O.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Abiodun Olagoke Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (A.O.A.); (A.I.O.); (O.O.O.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, Roma P.O. Box 180, Lesotho
| | - Lucy Semerjian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (A.O.A.); (A.I.O.); (O.O.O.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Omobola Oluranti Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa; (A.O.A.); (A.I.O.); (O.O.O.)
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa
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10
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Liu D, Xue D, Lu W, Yang Z, Li L, Xia B, Wei J, Chen X, Yang Y, Wang X, Lin G. BDE-47 induced PC-12 cell differentiation via TrkA downstream pathways and caused the loss of hippocampal neurons in BALB/c mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126850. [PMID: 34419847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the most abundant congener of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) detected in environment and human biotic samples, 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has been found to accumulate in brain and induce neurotoxicity, however, the detailed mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. To investigate the neurotoxicity of BDE-47, undifferentiated PC-12 cells were exposed to different doses of BDE-47, and BDE-47 dissolved in corn oil was orally administered to mice for 8 consecutive weeks. Our data showed that BDE-47 obviously changed cell morphology, altered cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. BDE-47 promoted the differentiation of PC-12 cells by enhancing the expression of TrkA receptor and the phosphorylation levels of ERK and Akt. Moreover, BDE-47-induced differentiation of PC-12 cells was suppressed by inhibitors of corresponding pathways (MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt). H&E staining of brain showed neurons in DG and CA1 areas of hippocampus decreased after BDE-47 exposure. Transcriptome sequencing of brain tissue suggested that multiple signaling pathways related to neuron death and nerve function were significantly regulated. In conclusion, these results provided new evidence for revealing the neurotoxicity of BDE-47, and offered important experimental basis for environmental controlling and post-exposure health risk assessment of BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmeng Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dahui Xue
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencan Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuochun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhua Wei
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxiong Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guimiao Lin
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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11
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Lin C, Zeng Z, Xu R, Liang W, Guo Y, Huo X. Risk assessment of PBDEs and PCBs in dust from an e-waste recycling area of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150016. [PMID: 34525731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widely used in outdated electronic and electrical products. In the present study, dust samples from houses, kindergartens, and roads were collected in Guiyu, where informal e-waste recycling activities have been sustained since the 1980s. Haojiang was chosen as a reference site without e-waste pollution. A total of 20 PBDE congeners and 18 PCB congeners was measured. Concentrations of total PBDEs and PCBs in dust samples from Guiyu were significantly higher than those from Haojiang. In Guiyu, kindergarten dust had the highest concentration of PCBs in these three typical environments, whereas the concentration of PBDEs showed no significant difference. Concentrations of PBDEs in Haojiang house dust were found significantly higher than other two environmental dusts. According to the questionnaires, we found that factors such as shoe cabinets, electrical products, and potted plants might affect PBDE and PCB concentrations in house dust. Daily intake of PBDEs and PCBs via dust ingestion was estimated after correction by their house, kindergarten, and road dust concentrations. The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) of PBDEs for Guiyu children was far lower than the oral reference dose recommended by the environmental protection agency (EPA). The Guiyu children seem to have a higher trend of daily intakes of PCBs although their EDIs not being calculated accurately due to the low detection rate. Child exposure to PBDEs via dust ingestion in Guiyu was 36 times higher than those in Haojiang. This indicates that children from e-waste-polluted areas stay in surroundings with heavy burdens of PBDEs, even PCBs. The risk to their health from contaminants is a severe concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciming Lin
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijun Zeng
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruibin Xu
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Liang
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Ko CF, Yang YC, Wen Liu JIW, Shih YH. Thermal treatment of decabrominated diphenyl ether in its highly contaminated soil in Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131924. [PMID: 34492411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were commonly used flame retardants in the world, while some of PBDEs have been listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) was the most commercially used PBDEs. A farm near the factory located in Northern Taiwan was highly contaminated with BDE-209. Since PBDEs in the contaminated soils can be uptake by crops shown in our previous studies and could be potentially consumed by humans, it is very important to establish a feasible treatment method for PBDE remediation in this contaminated farm. Thermal treatment of PBDEs in soil was studied. The initial concentration of BDE-209 in contaminated soil was 1.472 mg/kg. A series of thermal experiments under different operating conditions including various temperature (105, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450 °C), holding time (10, 20 and 30 min), heating rate (5, 10, 20 and 40 °C/min), and soil amount (10, 100, 1000 and 2000 g) were investigated. The optimal heating conditions for thermal treatment of contaminated soil were heating at 450 °C for 30 min with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Under this condition, the removal of BDE-209 in the different weights of contaminated soil was tested. The soils in the contaminated farm were tested to further evaluate the feasibility of remediating the on-site PBDE contaminated soil through thermal treatment, suggesting that the holding time was extended to 2 h for the field-scale contaminated soil. The results showed that BDE-209 had been removed to below the detection limit in on-site soil. This investigation is the first study using thermal treatment to remediate soils really contaminated with PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fong Ko
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Jennifer Ia Wen Wen Liu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsin Shih
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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13
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Wang J, Yan Z, Zheng X, Wang S, Fan J, Sun Q, Xu J, Men S. Health risk assessment and development of human health ambient water quality criteria for PBDEs in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149353. [PMID: 34364281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are not only a class of highly efficient brominated flame retardants (BFRs) but also a class of typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are persistent and widely distributed in various environmental media. This study examined the concentrations of PBDEs in five environmental media (water, soil, air, dust, and food) and two human body media (human milk and blood) in China from 2010 to 2020. In addition, this study conducted multi-pathway exposure health risk assessments of populations of different ages in urban, rural, key regions, and industrial factories using the Monte-Carlo simulation. Finally, the human health ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) of eight PBDEs were derived using Chinese exposure parameters and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs). The results showed that the eastern and southeastern coastal regions of China were heavily polluted by PBDEs, and the variation trends of the ΣPBDEs concentrations in the different exposure media were not consistent. PBDEs did not pose a risk to urban and rural residents in ordinary regions, but the hazard indexes (HIs) for residents in key regions and occupational workers exceeded the safety threshold. Dust exposure was the primary exposure pathway for urban and rural residents in ordinary regions, but for residents in key regions and occupational workers, dietary exposure was the primary exposure pathway. BDE-209 was found to be the most serious individual PBDE congener in China. The following human health AWQC values of the PBDEs were derived: drinking water exposure: 0.233-65.2 μg·L-1; and drinking water and aquatic products exposure: 8.51 × 10-4-1.10 μg·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Shuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Juntao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Qianhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Shuhui Men
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
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14
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Paliya S, Mandpe A, Bombaywala S, Kumar MS, Kumar S, Morya VK. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environment: a wake-up call for concerted action in India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44693-44715. [PMID: 34227009 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) used as flame retardants in the products utilized in day-to-day life. Their bioaccumulation, low volatility, and high persistence in the environment have led to their global spread even to remote and distant regions. The present study identifies gaps in the investigation of the neurotoxic potential of PBDEs, their effects on brain development, toxicokinetic, and their potential as a carcinogen. In India, to date, only human breast milk was assessed for levels of PBDEs, and it is suggested that other human tissues can also be explored. No data on the reproductive toxicity of PBDEs are reported from Indian cohorts. Long-range transport and deposition of PBDEs in colder regions necessitates monitoring of Himalayan regions in India. An inventory of PBDEs is required to be made for addressing the worrisome situation of the unregulated import of E-waste from the developed countries in India. The study also emphasizes providing guidelines for the articulation of policies regarding sound surveillance and management of PBDE production, consumption, and release in the Indian context. It is recommended that a separate cell for monitoring and follow-up of PBDEs should be established in India. Also, the development of better alternatives and environment-friendly remediation technologies for PBDEs is the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Paliya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Ashootosh Mandpe
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sakina Bombaywala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020, India.
| | - Vivek Kumar Morya
- Adhita Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, SIIC Extension, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208 016, India
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15
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Qiu W, Shao H, Jin W, Xiong Y, Xu B, Chen B. Determination of OCPs, OPPs, and 21 SVOCs in water and sediment samples in five rivers of Shenzhen, China, during the period of 2017 and 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42444-42457. [PMID: 33813709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One hundred two semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 12 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), were determined in the main rivers of Shenzhen, China. As a result, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), aldrin, and benzoepin sulfate were the main OCPs detected in surface water, and p,p'-DDD, heptachlor, and endrin aldehyde were the main compounds in sediment. In addition, diazinon was the most frequent OPP detected in both water and sediment. At most sites, SVOCs were at similar concentration levels in 2017 and 2018. Compared with other areas, diazinon and malathion had comparative high concentrations in Maozhou River in this study. Analyzed from the SVOCs concentrations in water and sediment, p,p'-DDD was from the quick degradation of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and no recent DDT was input around the investigated area. Besides, the interrelationships among these pollutants were calculated, revealing that OPPs were mainly from the chronically cumulative content, rather than the directly transferring from surface water to sediment. According to the risk assessment, the occurrence of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT affected the aquatic community. All in all, further investigations on the occurrence and source of these pollutants are still needed to avoid the potential risk for human beings living around the contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiyang Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bentuo Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013, China.
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16
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Yin H, Ma J, Li Z, Li Y, Meng T, Tang Z. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Heavy Metals in a Regulated E-Waste Recycling Site, Eastern China: Implications for Risk Management. Molecules 2021; 26:2169. [PMID: 33918776 PMCID: PMC8069465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious pollution of multiple chemicals in irregulated e-waste recycling sites (IR-sites) were extensively investigated. However, little is known about the pollution in regulated sites. This study investigated the occurrence of 21 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 10 metals in a regulated site, in Eastern China. The concentrations of PBDEs and Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, and Zn in soils and sediments were 1-4 and 1-3 orders of magnitude lower than those reported in the IR-sites, respectively. However, these were generally comparable to those in the urban and industrial areas. In general, a moderate pollution of PBDEs and metals was present in the vegetables in this area. A health risk assessment model was used to calculate human exposure to metals in soils. The summed non-carcinogenic risks of metals and PBDEs in the investigated soils were 1.59-3.27 and 0.25-0.51 for children and adults, respectively. Arsenic contributed to 47% of the total risks and As risks in 71.4% of the total soil samples exceeded the acceptable level. These results suggested that the pollution from e-waste recycling could be substantially decreased by the regulated activities, relative to poorly controlled operations, but arsenic pollution from the regulated cycling should be further controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (H.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Jiayi Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; (J.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhidong Li
- Cangzhou Ecology and Environment Bureau, Cangzhou 061000, China;
| | - Yonghong Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; (J.M.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tong Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (H.Y.); (T.M.)
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; (H.Y.); (T.M.)
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; (J.M.); (Y.L.)
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17
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Jeon JW, Kim CS, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Hwang SM, Choi SD. Spatial distribution, source identification, and anthropogenic effects of brominated flame retardants in nationwide soil collected from South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116026. [PMID: 33218769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil samples were collected at 61 sites of the national monitoring network for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in South Korea. The target compounds were brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). The mean concentrations of Σ27 PBDEs, Σ3 HBCDDs, and TBBPA in soil were 222, 17.2, and 4.4 ng/g, respectively, but PBBs were not detected. Industrial sites had statistically higher BFR concentrations than suburban sites but no significant difference compared with urban sites. The commercial deca-BDE mixtures were the most likely source of PBDE contamination in the soil samples, with the minor influence of commercial penta-BDE and octa-BDE mixtures. The profiles of HBCDDs in most soil samples differed from those in the powder types of technical HBCDD mixtures, indicating that they are affected by the HBCDDs contained in commercial products and the conversion of HBCDD diastereoisomers (γ-HBCDD to α-HBCDD) in the environment. The concentrations of Σ27 PBDEs, Σ3 HBCDDs, and TBBPA were significantly correlated with population density, gross domestic product, and the number of companies (p < 0.01), indicating a direct impact of anthropogenic activities. Significant correlations among BFRs were determined (0.63 < r < 0.74, p < 0.01), suggesting that these pollutants had similar sources. Relatively good correlations (0.44 < r < 0.98, p < 0.01) between BDE-209 and other light BDEs (except for BDE-71, -77, -126, -156, and -205) might result from the degradation of heavy BDEs under anaerobic and natural sunlight conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the most comprehensive soil monitoring data for various BFRs in South Korea. Furthermore, it is the first report on soil contamination by deca-BDE, HBCDDs, and TBBPA in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Jeon
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Su Kim
- UNIST Environmental Analysis Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Man Hwang
- Department of Chemical Management, Korea Environment Corporation (K-eco), Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; UNIST Environmental Analysis Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Han Y, Cheng J, He L, Zhang M, Ren S, Sun J, Xing X, Tang Z. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils from Tianjin, North China: distribution, health risk, and temporal trends. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1177-1191. [PMID: 32607699 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Available information is still insufficient for a comprehensive understanding of the global distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the environment. In particular, little is known about the changing trend of their distribution in urban soils. We conducted a survey of 21 PBDEs in urban soils from Tianjin, China. The chemicals were widely present in the area and summed concentrations ranged from 0.65 to 108 ng/g in soil, indicating low to moderate levels of pollution relative to other areas. BDE-209 was the predominant congener, contributing 88.9% of the concentrations of total soil PBDEs. Source assessment indicated that soil PBDEs in the area were mainly derived from the release of commercial deca-BDE from local industrial production processes and consumer products. We found that the soil concentrations of PBDEs appear to have declined in recent years, compared with other previous reports in this region. However, more studies are needed on this possible change trend of PBDE pollution, especially its impact on human health, although their calculated non-carcinogenic health risks in this study were low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China
| | - Minna Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shan Ren
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jiazheng Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiangyang Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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19
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Luo Y, Shi W, You M, Zhang R, Li S, Xu N, Sun W. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China: identification of priority PBDE congeners. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12587-12596. [PMID: 33083955 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the production of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been phased out over the past decade worldwide, they are still potentially hazardous to the environment due to their persistence and toxicity. This study investigated the levels of 55 PBDEs in water and sediments from the Danjiangkou Reservoir, China. The levels of PBDEs were in the range of not detected (ND)-286.67 ng/L in water and ND-236.04 ng/g in sediments. BDE209 was the predominant PBDE congener and constituted 15-50% and 44-68% of the total PBDEs in water and sediments, respectively. Commercial pentaBDE products (70-5DE, DE-71) were the dominant source of tetraBDE, pentaBDE, and hexaBDE, while commercial octaBDE (79-8DE) and decaBDE (102E and 82-0DE) products were the main sources of nonaBDE and decaBDE in water. PBDEs in sediments mainly stemmed from commercial decaBDE products and combustion sources. BDE-209 posed high ecological risks to aquatic organisms and dominated the total ecological risks of PBDEs. No cancer risks and non-cancer risks were observed for PBDEs. A ranking method based on four criteria, i.e., detection frequency, concentration, ecological risk, and health risks, was proposed, and 17 PBDEs were identified as high priority PBDEs for future monitoring and management in the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomin Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wanzi Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mingtao You
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Si Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiling Sun
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Guo W, Archer J, Moore M, Shojaee S, Zou W, Ge W, Benjamin L, Adeuya A, Fairchild R, Hong H. Software-Assisted Pattern Recognition of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Contaminated Human and Animal Food. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030685. [PMID: 33525602 PMCID: PMC7865765 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are a serious food safety concern due to their persistence and toxic effects. To promote food safety and protect human health, it is important to understand the sources of POPs and how to minimize human exposure to these contaminants. The POPs Program within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), manually evaluates congener patterns of POPs-contaminated samples and sometimes compares the finding to other previously analyzed samples with similar patterns. This manual comparison is time consuming and solely depends on human expertise. To improve the efficiency of this evaluation, we developed software to assist in identifying potential sources of POPs contamination by detecting similarities between the congener patterns of a contaminated sample and potential environmental source samples. Similarity scores were computed and used to rank potential source samples. The software has been tested on a diverse set of incurred samples by comparing results from the software with those from human experts. We demonstrated that the software provides results consistent with human expert observation. This software also provided the advantage of reliably evaluating an increased sample lot which increased overall efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (W.G.); (W.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Archer
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, Arkansas Laboratory, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.A.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Morgan Moore
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, Arkansas Laboratory, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.A.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Sina Shojaee
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, Arkansas Laboratory, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.A.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Wen Zou
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (W.G.); (W.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Weigong Ge
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (W.G.); (W.Z.); (W.G.)
| | - Linda Benjamin
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA;
| | - Anthony Adeuya
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Dr, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Russell Fairchild
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, Arkansas Laboratory, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (J.A.); (M.M.); (S.S.); (R.F.)
| | - Huixiao Hong
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (W.G.); (W.Z.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(870)-543-7296
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Yuan X, Wang Y, Tang L, Zhou H, Han N, Zhu H, Uchimiya M. Spatial distribution, source analysis, and ecological risk assessment of PBDEs in river sediment around Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:309. [PMID: 32328811 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and composition of organic pollutants in sediment are affected by the source and regional environment. To understand the characteristics and risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the area around Taihu Lake, composite sediment samples (n = 41) were collected in rivers around Taihu Lake to explore the level, spatial distribution, and source of PBDEs. The results showed that the most abundant BDE congener in river sediment was BDE209, followed by BDE99 and BDE47, with median values of 48.7, 2.17, and 1.52 ng g-1, respectively. Concentrations of PBDEs in sediments from northern rivers were significantly higher than those from other areas, but the overall risk was at a moderate-lower level compared with research results in other references. Results of principle component analysis (PCA) and source characteristics analysis revealed that most of PBDEs in river sediments around Taihu Lake were mixture of multiple sources, which mainly originated from atmospheric deposition, industrial wastewater, and municipal sewage. TOC showed good correlations with most PBDEs, which implied that PBDE components were influenced by sediment organic matter. Meanwhile, the risk of PBDEs in river sediments in this study area is a moderate-lower level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huihua Zhou
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Nian Han
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Minori Uchimiya
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
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Yadav IC, Devi NL, Kumar A, Li J, Zhang G. Airborne brominated, chlorinated and organophosphate ester flame retardants inside the buildings of the Indian state of Bihar: Exploration of source and human exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110212. [PMID: 32006868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since many household products used by individuals contain flame retardants (FRs), there is more chance that these chemicals may be present in the various exhibit of the indoor environment. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies worldwide, the contamination level, sources, products, and pathways of FRs in India, is either not known or limited. This inspired us to investigate the level, profile, spatial distribution, and sources of different classes of FRs in the indoor air. For this purpose, 15 brominated, 2 chlorinated, and 8 organophosphate FRs (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor air samples from urban and suburban sites of an Indian state of Bihar. Additionally, inhalation health risk exposure to children and the adult was estimated to predict the risk of these chemicals. Overall, ∑8OPFRs (median 351 pg/m3) was the most prominent in air, followed by novel brominated FR (∑6NBFRs) (median 278 pg/m3), polybrominated diphenyl ether (∑9PBDE) (median 5.05 pg/m3), and dechlorane plus (∑2DPs) (median 2.52 pg/m3), and accounted for 55%, 44%, 0.8% and 0.4% of ∑FRs, respectively. Generally, ∑9PBDEs (median 6.29 pg/m3) and ∑8OPFRs (median 355 pg/m3) were measured high at sub-urban sites, while urban sites had the highest level of ∑2DPs (median 2.81 pg/m3) and ∑6NBFRs (median 740 pg/m3). BDE-209 was most abundant among ∑9PBDEs, while syn-DP dominated in ∑2DPs. Likewise, DBDPE was most prevalent in ∑6NBFRs, while TMPP topped among ∑8OPFRs. The principal component analysis revealed contribution from household items, food packaging and paints, hydraulic fluid, a gasoline additive, and de-bromination of BDE-209 as the primary sources of FRs. The estimated daily inhalation exposure (DIE) indicated a relatively high risk to children than the adult. The DIE of individual FR was several folds lower than their corresponding oral reference dose (RfDs), suggesting minimal risk. However, exposure risk, especially to children, may still need attention because other routes of intake may always be significant in the case of Bihar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 1838509, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya-Panchanpur, Post-Fatehpur, P.S-Tekari, District-Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya-Panchanpur, Post-Fatehpur, P.S-Tekari, District-Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
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Pan C, Bao Y, Xu B. Seasonal variation of antibiotics in surface water of Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China and the occurrence in typical wastewater sources. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124816. [PMID: 31521940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of 26 antibiotics from three groups of Sulfonamides, Quinolones and Macrolides were investigated in the surface water of Pudong New Area, Shanghai in March (dry season) and June (wet season). As a result, the detection rates of the three groups were 20%, 81% and 56% (n = 10) with the concentration range of not detected-9.73 ng L-1, 30-344 ng L-1, and 14-107 ng L-1, respectively. Comparably, during wet season, the detection rates were 20%, 56% and 25% with the range of ND-14 ng L-1, 32-92 ng L-1, and ND-22 ng L-1, respectively. This indicates higher concentrations in dry season than that in wet season, which was attributed to the water dilution and weaker self-purification of the river during dry season. In addition, significant correlations were observed between SMA and most of Quinolones during dry season, and Quinolones and Macrolides during wet season, due to the similar sources. Considering for the typical wastewater sources in the investigated area, Quinolones were identified to be the most significant group in the aquiculture water. Furthermore, pharmaceutical manufacturing factory (PMF) and sewage treatment plant (STP) should be the serious point source pollution as the concentration in their effluents could range from ng L-1 to mg L-1. The occurrence and fate of antibiotics in the aquatic system of Pudong New Area need to be paid more attention to prevent the potential risk for human beings in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Pan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yangyang Bao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Bentuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Li X, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Liu J, Zhou G, Jing L, Shi Z, Sun Z, Zhou X. BDE-209 induces male reproductive toxicity via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis mediated by DNA damage response signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113097. [PMID: 31520908 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is commonly used as a flame retardant, usually in products that were utilized in electronic equipment, plastics, furniture and textiles. To identify the impacts of BDE-209 on the male reproductive system and the underlying toxicological mechanisms, 40 male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were then exposed to BDE-209 at 0, 7.5, 25 and 75 mg kg-1 d-1 for four weeks, respectively. With regard to the in vitro study, GC-2spd cells were treated with BDE-209 at 0, 2, 8 and 32 μg mL-1 for 24 h, respectively. The results from the in vivo experiments showed that BDE-209 resulted in damage to the testis structure, led to cell apoptosis in testis and decreased sperm number and motility, while sperm malformation rates were significantly increased. Moreover, BDE-209 could induce oxidative stress with decreased testosterone levels, result in DNA damage and activate DNA damage response signaling pathways (ATM/Chk2, ATR/Chk1 and DNA-PKcs/XRCC4/DNA ligase Ⅳ). The data from the in vitro experiments showed that BDE-209 led to cytotoxicity by reducing cell viability and increasing LDH release as well. BDE-209 also induced DNA strand breaks, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in GC-2 cells. These results suggested that BDE-209 could lead to male reproductive toxicity by inducing DNA damage and failure of DNA damage repair which resulted in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of spermatogenic cell. The present study provided new evidence to elucidate the potential mechanism of male reproductive toxicity induced by BDE-209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yupeng Zhu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghai Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zibo Seventh People's Hospital, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) as simple and useful sample preparation technique for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1084:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang Q, Li X, Liu S, Zhang D, Duan X. The effect of hydrodynamic forcing on the transport and deposition of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Hangzhou Bay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:111-118. [PMID: 31030054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment samples (n = 92) were collected from Hangzhou Bay to investigate the transport and deposition of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and to assess the ecological risks in Hangzhou Bay. The concentrations of ∑7PBDEs (sum of BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) and BDE-209 ranged from 3.61 to 91.09 pg g-1 and from non-detectable to 2007.52 pg g-1 (dry weight), respectively. The high values of ∑7PBDEs and BDE-209 were commonly occurred at the northeast of Hangzhou Bay and the Nanhui Spit coast of Shanghai. Compared with the south part of the bay, the dominance of BDE-209 was more prominent and the linear correlations between PBDEs concentrations and TOCs as well as median grain size were more significant in the northern Hangzhou Bay. Hydrodynamic forcing on the transport and deposition of PBDEs is primarily responsible for the discrepancy of this spatial distribution in these two parts. In addition to BDE-209, BDEs-153, 99, 47, and 100 were also the abundant congeners. Three principal components were extracted using principal component analysis (PCA), mainly attributed to human activities, erosion of polluted soils via surface runoff and release from products for PC1, PC2 and PC3, respectively. The calculation results of mass inventories, hazard quotients (HQs) and risk quotients (RQs) indicated that the ecological risk of PBDEs in Hangzhou Bay was low. The multiple effect of hydrodynamic forcing with complicated and large-scope tidal currents made it hard to deposit for organic matters and contaminants in Hangzhou Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Dahai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaoyong Duan
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Cetin B, Yurdakul S, Odabasi M. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) pollution in soil of a highly industrialized region (Dilovasi) in Turkey: concentrations, spatial and temporal variations and possible sources. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:474. [PMID: 31256268 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) levels in soil were studied for a whole year in highly industrialized region of Turkey (Dilovasi) at 23 sampling sites. Σ8PBDE concentrations were between 0.15 and 286 μg kg-1 and the overall average concentration was 14.45 ± 25.07 μg kg-1 (average ± SD). BDE-209 was the most abundant compound. PBDEs concentrations decreased spatially as follows: industrial/urban > urban > suburban > rural. However, there was not any significant seasonal trend except for some industrial/urban sites. In the region, calm weather conditions prevailed during the sampling periods, enhancing the impact of the industrial emissions on nearby soil concentrations by atmospheric deposition without being diluted by winds. All congeners had significant but weak correlations with soil organic matter content indicating the impact of nearby sources rather than soil properties on soil PBDEs concentrations at the sampling sites. Positive matrix factorization method was also used for the apportionment of the PBDEs sources in Dilovasi soil. Industrial activities (i.e., iron-steel production, metallurgical processes, and recycling of plastics), traffic, and residential areas were found to be the primary sources of the measured PBDEs in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Cetin
- Environmental Engineering Department, Gebze Technical University (GTU), 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Sema Yurdakul
- Environmental Engineering Department, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Odabasi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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Ji Y, Wang Y, Yao Y, Ren C, Lan Z, Fang X, Zhang K, Sun W, Alder AC, Sun H. Occurrence of organophosphate flame retardants in farmland soils from Northern China: Primary source analysis and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 247:832-838. [PMID: 30731308 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-eight soil samples were collected from farmland soils from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei core area, Northern China, where agricultural lands were subjected to contamination from intense urban and industrial activities. Twelve organophosphates flame retardants (OPFRs) were analyzed with total soil concentrations ranging from 0.543 μg/kg to 54.9 μg/kg. Chlorinated OPFRs were dominating at mean level of 3.64 μg/kg and Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate contributed the most (mean 3.36 ± 5.61 μg/kg, 98.0%). Tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate was fully detected at levels of 0.041-1.95 μg/kg. Generally, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate and triphenyl phosphate contributed the most to alkyl- (53.6%) and aryl-OPFRs (54.3%), respectively. The levels of ∑OPFRs close to the core urban areas were significantly higher than those from background sites. The occurrence and fate of OPFRs in soil were significantly associated with total organic carbon content and mostly with fine soil particles (<0.005 mm), and a transfer potential from the atmosphere was predicted with logKSA values. Comparable soil levels with poly brominated diphenyl ethers s in other studies suggested that the contamination of OPFRs occurred in farmland soil with an increasing trend but currently showed no significant environmental risk based on risk quotient estimation (<1). This investigation warrants further study on behaviors of OPFRs in a soil system and a continual monitoring for their risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chao Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhonghui Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangguang Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Alfredo C Alder
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Jia W, Ma C, White JC, Yin M, Cao H, Wang J, Wang C, Sun H, Xing B. Effects of biochar on 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5'-hexabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-153) fate in Amaranthus mangostanus L.: Accumulation, metabolite formation, and physiological response. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:1154-1165. [PMID: 30360247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and metabolism of 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5'-hexabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-153) in Amaranthus mangostanus L. (amaranth) as affected by different concentrations of biochar (1.3 to 26.6 g/L) under hydroponic conditions exposed to 10 μg/L BDE-153 after 10 days were investigated. Biochar significantly reduced BDE-153 shoot and root content by 27.5-61.6% and 73-95.3%, respectively. In general, BDE-153 migration from solution to amaranth decreased with increasing the doses of biochar. BDE-153 metabolites altered with doses of biochar. The ratio of de-BDEs to BDE-153 in root was polynomial correlated to biochar dose (R2 = 0.9356**). Root and shoot Fe content was positively correlated with the BDE-153 amounts (R2 = 0.948** and 0.822*, respectively). Though the higher biochar dose could obviously control BDE-153 uptake by the vegetable, the toxicity was caused more significantly. For instances, the high concentration of biochar at 26.6 g/L reduced pigment content, increased total ROS, and elevated antioxidant enzyme activity. At the same time, the O2- intensity was linearly positively correlated with de-BDEs in root (R2 = 0.7324*) while photosynthetic parameter Fv/fm intensity was polynomial correlated to BDEs in shoot (R2 = 0.9366*). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that exposure to BDE-153 and high concentration biochar at 26.6 g/L severely altered the chloroplasts in terms of the organelle shape and the presence of starch granules in the chloroplast. Taken together, biochar as a soil amendment could significantly control BDE-153 uptake and enhance BDE-153 metabolism in vegetables, but considering the dose of biochar to avoid its toxicity with higher dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States
| | - Jason C White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States
| | - Mengfei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jicheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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Yu Y, Lou S, Wang X, Lu S, Ma S, Li G, Feng Y, Zhang X, An T. Relationships between the bioavailability of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils measured with female C57BL/6 mice and the bioaccessibility determined using five in vitro methods. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:337-344. [PMID: 30562705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro methods for simulating human gastrointestinal digestion have been validated for predicting the bioavailability of heavy metals, but the methods for successfully predicting the bioavailability of organic pollutants are still limited. In this study, we used an adapted fasting in vitro digestion method (Fa-VDM) from the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem and four other in vitro methods comprising In Vitro Gastrointestinal, a physiologically-based extraction test, the unified BARGE method, and Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V. in order to measure the bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in soils from an e-waste dismantling town, China, with a Standard Reference Material (SRM2585) as the control. Furthermore, the bioaccessibility data were compared with the bioavailability measured using female C57BL/6 mice. The bioavailability of PBDEs in the soils and SRM2585 were 1.7% to 38.1% and 3.9% to 48.8%, respectively, and the bioaccessibility determined using Fa-VDM were 1.6-55.4% and 6.7-32.1%. There were negative and parabolic correlations between octanol/water partition coefficient for PBDEs and the bioavailability and bioaccessibility, respectively, whereas the H/C ratios and organic matter contents of the soils did not correlate with them. The bioaccessibility data determined by Fa-VDM were generally higher than those obtained using the other four methods, mainly due to the higher bile concentration and larger liquid to solid ratio in the digestion solution in Fa-VDM. There was a significant linear relationship between the results according to the in vivo and in vitro method of Fa-VDM where the slopes varied from 0.83 to 1.16 (R2 > 0.73) and intercepts from 0.3%-7.7% for BDE47, 99, 100, and 153 measured using Fa-VDM, thereby indicating that the bioaccessibility assessed by this method can potentially be used to predict the bioavailability of moderately brominated congeners in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Sufang Lou
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 518055, PR China
| | - Shentao Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yan Feng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
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Yadav IC, Devi NL, Singh VK, Li J, Zhang G. Measurement of legacy and emerging flame retardants in indoor dust from a rural village (Kopawa) in Nepal: Implication for source apportionment and health risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:304-314. [PMID: 30390529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Under the Stockholm Convention, signatory countries are obliged to direct source inventories, find current sources, and provide ecological monitoring evidence to guarantee that the encompassing levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are declining. However, such monitoring of different types of POPs are to a great degree constrained in most developing countries including Nepal and are primarily confined to suspected source area/ densely populated regions. In this study, 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2 dechlorane plus (DPs), 6 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and 8 organophosphate ester flame retardants (OPFRs) were investigated in indoor dust from a rural area (Kopawa) in Nepal in order to evaluate their occurrence/level, profile, spatial distribution and their sources. Additionally, health risk exposure was estimated to anticipate the possible health risk to the local population. The results showed that OPFRs was the most abundant FR measured in the dust. The concentration of ∑8OPFRs was about 2, 3 and 4 orders of magnitude higher than the ∑6NBFRs, ∑9PBDEs, and ∑2DPs, respectively. Tris (methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) and Tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) were the most abundant OPFRs analyzed in the dust; while decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) exceeded among NBFRs. Likewise, 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenylether (BDE-209) was the most identified chemical among PBDEs. The total organic carbon (TOC) content in dust was significantly and positively connected with octa-BDEs (Rho = 0.615, p < 0.01), BTBPE (Rho = 0.733, p < 0.01), TPHP (Rho = 0.621, p < 0.01), TEHP (Rho = 0.560, p < 0.01) and TMPPs (Rho = 0.550, p < 0.01), while black carbon (BC) was either weakly related or not related, suggesting little or no impact of BC in the distribution of FRs. Principal component analysis indicated the contribution from commercial penta-, octa- and deca-BDEs formulation, the adhesive substance, food packaging and paints, and degradation of BDE-209 as the essential sources of FRs. Health risk exposure estimates showed that dermal absorption via dust as the primary route of FRs intake. The estimated daily exposure of PBDEs, NBFRs and OPFRs were 2-10 orders of magnitude lower than their corresponding reference dose (RfD), suggesting insignificant risk. However, other routes such as inhalation and dietary intake might still be significant in the case of Kopawa which should be tested in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 1838509, Japan
| | - Ningombam Linthoingambi Devi
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, SH-7, Gaya-Panchanpur, Post-Fatehpur, P.S-Tekari, District-Gaya 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Wu Z, Han W, Xie M, Han M, Li Y, Wang Y. Occurrence and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soils from an e-waste recycling area in northern China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:467-475. [PMID: 30368140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widespread persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because of their extensive use in diverse electronic products, which have posed great threats to human health and ecosystem. In this study, a total of 54 soil samples were collected from an e-waste recycling area in Tianjin, northern China for analyzing the occurrence and distribution of 14 PBDE congeners. The concentrations of BDE 209, ∑13PBDEs and ∑14PBDEs in the soils from Ziya e-waste recycling area were 2.9-2666 ng/g dw (dry weight) (average 90 ng/g dw), 3.0-41 ng/g dw (average 13 ng/g dw) and 5.9-2699 ng/g dw (average 103 ng/g dw), respectively. The ∑14PBDEs concentration showed a dramatic decrease from the central area to the surrounding area. Generally, PBDEs in the northern part showed higher levels than the southern part of the e-waste recycling area due to the wind direction in Tianjin. Deep soil was less polluted by PBDEs, which largely comes from the deposition, migration and infiltration of PBDEs in the surface soils. Overall, PBDEs level in the studied area was much lower than some typical e-waste recycling areas in south China, such as Guiyu and Qingyuan, but significantly higher than the non-e-waste recycling areas. BDE 209, BDE 138 and BDE 28 were the three dominant PBDE congeners in the soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the commercial penta-BDEs and deca-BDE could be considered as the main sources of PBDEs pollution in this region. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested that the local PBDEs sources rather than soil properties influenced the PBDEs distribution in Ziya e-waste recycling area. This study systematically revealed the occurrence and distribution of PBDEs in soils from the biggest established circular economy park in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Miaomiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yao Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust samples collected in air conditioning filters of different usage – method development. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1565:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peng J, Wu D, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Lin X, Lu S, Han P, Zhou J, Li S, Lei Y, Chen J. Spatiotemporal variability of polybrominated diphenyl ether concentration in atmospheric fine particles in Shenzhen, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 238:749-759. [PMID: 29625299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants for various products and have become ubiquitous pollutants in environmental media. However, little is known about PBDE levels in Shenzhen, a manufacturing center of electronic products. This study aimed to investigate spatiotemporal variability of PBDE concentration in atmospheric fine particles (PM2.5) and to estimate the daily inhalation exposure doses for local residents in Shenzhen, China. A total of 36 samples were collected and 8 PBDE compounds (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS). Mean concentrations of Σ8PBDEs and BDE-209 in PM2.5 in Shenzhen were 33.47 pg/m3 and 24.75 pg/m3, respectively, which were lower than those for other reported cities from China. The mean concentration of Σ8PBDEs was higher in the winter + spring than that in summer + autumn, and both concentrations of BDE-28 and BDE-47 in PM2.5 were significantly higher in winter + spring than those in summer + autumn. Among the 8 congeners, BDE-209 was predominant, accounting for 73.9% of the Σ8PBDEs concentrations. Traffic area, industrial area, residential area and discharge of electronic industries had significant positive influences on PBDE concentrations in PM2.5. Both vegetation area and water area were significantly negatively correlated with PBDE levels in PM2.5. Significantly negative correlation was also found between PBDE concentrations in PM2.5 and the relative humidity. The ranking of estimated inhalation exposure doses of PBDEs via PM2.5 inhalation were toddlers (1.74 pg/kg b.w./day) > children (1.33 pg/kg b.w./day) > adults (1.26 pg/kg b.w./day) > teenagers (0.64 pg/kg b.w./day), and toddlers had a highest risk to expose to PBDEs by PM2.5. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to reveal the spatiotemporal variability of PBDEs in PM2.5 of Shenzhen, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Dongting Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
| | - Yousheng Jiang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoshi Lin
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Pengpeng Han
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Shengnong Li
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yixiong Lei
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, PR China.
| | - Jinsong Chen
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, PR China
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Zhang B, Xu T, Huang G, Yin D, Zhang Q, Yang X. Neurobehavioral effects of two metabolites of BDE-47 (6-OH-BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47) on zebrafish larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:30-35. [PMID: 29471166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two metabolites, OH-BDEs and MeO-BDEs, of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were ubiquitously detected in animal tissues and environmental samples, drawing a widely public concern to their toxicity. The comparison of toxicity between PBDEs and their metabolites has been a focus in recent years, however, comparisons seldom involve neurobehavioral toxicity of PBDEs metabolites in published works. In this study, zebrafish larvae were exposed to 6-OH-BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47 and their neurobehavioral traits (including locomotion, path angle, and social activity) were recorded using the instrument Zebrabox; meanwhile, light illumination was used as stimuli in the test duration. The results showed larvae were more active in dark periods than light periods, and preferred turning right (+) to left (-). Effects of the two metabolites varied in different behavioral indicators. They induced different effects on path angle but did not reverse the left-right asymmetry. 6-OH-BDE-47 did not induce the effects on larval locomotion and social activity, but mainly decreased average and routine turn numbers; 6-MeO-BDE-47 promoted larvae responsive turns but inhibited social activity. This study offered new experimental means to the neurobehavioral toxicity of various PBDE metabolites. Further studies may focus on the toxic mechanisms of specific neurobehavioral traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Gaofeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for WEEE Recycling, WEEE Research Centre of Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Anh HQ, Tomioka K, Tue NM, Tri TM, Minh TB, Takahashi S. PBDEs and novel brominated flame retardants in road dust from northern Vietnam: Levels, congener profiles, emission sources and implications for human exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:389-398. [PMID: 29366955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and selected novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were examined in road dust samples collected from three representative areas in northern Vietnam, including seven inner districts of Hanoi metropolitan area, an industrial park in Thai Nguyen province and a rural commune in Bac Giang province. This study aims to provide basic information on the contamination status, potential sources and human exposure to PBDEs and NBFRs associated with road dust in northern Vietnam. PBDEs were detected in all the samples at a range of 0.91-56 ng g-1 with a median value of 16 ng g-1. PBDE concentrations in road dusts from urban sites were significantly higher than those from industrial zone and rural area, suggesting their environmental load related to urbanization in northern Vietnam. BDE-209, major component of deca-BDE technical mixtures, dominated the congener patterns in all samples, accounting for 60.8-91.9% of total PBDE levels. Decabromodiphenyl ethane, an alternative of deca-BDE, was observed in a detection frequency of 100% in urban and industrial areas and at levels comparable to those of BDE-209. Other NBFRs such as pentabromoethylbenzene, hexabromobiphenyl and 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, were found at trace levels. Daily intake doses of PBDEs via road dust ingestion from 2.3 × 10-5 to 0.11 ng kg-bw-1 d-1 were estimated for residents in study areas, indicating a negligible risk with hazard indexes of 10-9 to 10-5 for selected congeners such as BDE-47, 99, 153 and 209.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Quoc Anh
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences (UGAS-EU), Ehime Univeristy, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan; Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Keidai Tomioka
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan; Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Manh Tri
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Shin Takahashi
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment (CATE), Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan.
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Yadav IC, Devi NL, Li J, Zhang G. Environmental concentration and atmospheric deposition of halogenated flame retardants in soil from Nepal: Source apportionment and soil-air partitioning. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:642-654. [PMID: 29107904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While various investigations have been driven on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other flame retardants (FRs) in different framework around the world, information about contamination and fate of PBDEs and other FRs in developing countries especially in the Indian subcontinent is uncommon. Nepal being located in the Indian subcontinent, very little is known about contamination level of semi-volatile organic pollutants discharged into the environment. This motivated us to investigate the environmental fate of halogenated flame retardant (HFRs) in Nepalese condition. In this study, we investigated the concentration, fate, and sources of 9 PBDEs, 2 dechlorane plus isomers (DPs), and 6 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs). Moreover, air-soil exchange and soil-air partitioning were also evaluated to characterize the pattern of air-soil exchange and environmental fate. In general, the concentrations of NBFRs in soil were more prevalent than PBDEs and DPs, and accounted 95% of ∑HFRs. By and large, the concentrations of NBFRs and DPs were measured high in Kathmandu, while PBDEs level exceeded in Pokhara. Principal component analysis (PCA) study suggested contributions from commercial penta-, octa-, and deca-BDEs products and de-bromination of highly brominated PBDEs as the significant source of PBDEs. Likewise, low fanti ratio suggested DPs in soil might have originated from long-range atmospheric transport from remote areas, while high levels of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in soil were linked with the use of wide varieties of consumer products. The estimated fugacity fraction (ff) for individual HFR was quite lower (<0.05) than equilibrium value, suggesting that deposition and net transport from air to the soil is overwhelming. Soil-air partitioning study revealed neither octanol-air partition coefficient (KOA) nor black carbon partition coefficient (KBC-A) is an appropriate surrogate for soil organic matter (SOM), subsequently, absorption by SOM has no or little role in the partitioning of HFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishwar Chandra Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science (IEAS), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT) 3-5-8, Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 1838509, Japan.
| | | | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Xu B, Wu M, Wang M, Pan C, Qiu W, Tang L, Xu G. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hydroxylated PBDEs in human serum from Shanghai, China: a study on their presence and correlations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3518-3526. [PMID: 29159438 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are becoming a public health concern because of their potential toxicity, from endocrine disruption system to neurodevelopmental impairments. Nonetheless, information on their levels in human blood is scarce. In this study, human serum samples collected in Shanghai, China, were analyzed for the concentrations of PBDEs and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PBDEs). Eight PBDE congeners and six OH-PBDE congeners were quantified in serum samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). As a result, total PBDE concentration ranged from 0.280 to 12.330 ng g-1 on a lipid weight basis lw (median: 1.100 ng g-1 lw) and the total OH-PBDE level ranged from 0.045 to 0.363 ng g-1 (lw) (median: 0.187 ng g-1 lw). Among them, BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47 were the predominant PBDEs and OH-PBDEs, respectively. In addition, based on the results of the Bartelett X 2 test, BDE-47 significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with BDE-28, BDE-100, BDE-85, and BDE-154, whereas 3'-OH-BDE-7 significantly (p < 0.01) correlated with 3-OH-BDE-47, 2-OH-BDE-68, and 6'-OH-BDE-99. Among all donors, no significant association between age and PBDEs (or OH-PBDEs) was found. Further research on the exposure routes in the environment and metabolic processing of PBDEs in human blood is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bentuo Xu
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghong Wu
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingnan Wang
- Yinyuan Hospital, Jiading District, Shanghai, 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyuan Pan
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Institute of Applied Radiation, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Wang C, Ma C, Jia W, Wang D, Sun H, Xing B. Combined effects of dissolved humic acids and tourmaline on the accumulation of 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5'- hexabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-153) in Lactuca sativa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:68-77. [PMID: 28787706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of dissolved humic acid (DHA) and tourmaline on uptake of 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, 5'- hexabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-153) by Lactuca sativa, different fractions of DHA, including DHA1 and DHA4, as well as different doses of tourmaline were introduced into BDE-153 contaminated solutions for plant growth. The levels of BDE-153 in L. sativa tissues were positively correlated with the Fe levels (R2 = 0.9264) in seedings of the treatments with different doses of tourmaline. However, when adding DHA1 and DHA4 into the system, the correlation coefficients (R2) decreased to 0.6976 and 0.5451 from 0.9264, respectively. In contrast with the Fe contents, the presence of DHAs didn't affect the R2 between the levels of BDE-153 and the lipid contents in plant tissues. Our results indicated that both DHA1 and DHA4 could severely alter the BDE-153 uptake by L. sativa through reducing the Fe uptake instead of the lipid contents. Additionally, DHA4 exhibited much stronger abilities to alter the BDE-153 accumulation than DHA1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations indicated that either DHA1 or tourmaline or co-treatment with DHA and tourmaline had no negative impact on L. sativa at the cellular level. The present study provides important information for the impacts of different fractions of DHA extracted from soil on the BDE-153 migration in plant systems. Moreover, we elucidated the importance of the iron in tourmaline for migration of the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Weili Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Wang G, Feng L, Qi J, Li X. Influence of human activities and organic matters on occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine sediment core: A case study in the Southern Yellow Sea, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 189:104-114. [PMID: 28934650 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) is an important reservoir of anthropogenic organic contaminants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). To reconstruct the historical records of PBDEs and examine their relationships with the human activities and organic matters, a210Pb-dated sediment core was collected from the central mud area in the SYS. The concentrations of tri-to hepta-BDEs (∑7PBDEs) and BDE-209 ranged from 9.8 to 99.8 pg g-1 d.w. and from 12.1 to 855.4 pg g-1 d.w., respectively, both displaying the increasing trends from the bottom to the surface. More importantly, there was a faster increase for PBDEs since the 1990s, especially for BDE-209, which responded well with the rapid economic growth, and the increases of urbanization and industrialization in the local areas of the SYS. The analogously vertical patterns and significant relationships between PBDEs and total organic carbon (TOC) implied the TOC-dependent deposition of PBDEs in the core. Furthermore, multiple biomarker-based proxies of terrestrial organic matter (TOM) and marine organic matter (MOM) were introduced to systematically investigate the different effects of TOM and MOM on PBDE deposition in the SYS. The similarly down-core profiles and significant correlations were found between PBDEs and the MOM proxies (sum of rassicasterol, dinosterol and C37 alkenones (∑A + B + D) and marine TOC) as well as the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT), but not for TOM proxies (∑C27+C29+C31n-alkanes, terrestrial and marine biomarker ratio (TMBR) and terrestrial TOC), indicating that MOM was an important factor driving PBDE deposition in the sediment core from the SYS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jingshuai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemical Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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41
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McGrath TJ, Ball AS, Clarke BO. Critical review of soil contamination by polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs); concentrations, sources and congener profiles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:741-757. [PMID: 28732337 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used in a broad array of polymeric materials such as plastics, foams, resins and adhesives to inhibit the spread of fires since the 1970s. The widespread environmental contamination and well documented toxic effects of PBDEs have led to bans and voluntary withdrawals in many jurisdictions. Replacement novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have, however, exhibited many of the same toxic characteristics as PBDEs and appear to share similar environmental fate. This paper presents a critical review of the scientific literature regarding PBDE and NBFR contamination of surface soils internationally, with the secondary objective of identifying probable pollution sources. An evaluation of NBFR distribution in soil was also conducted to assess the suitability of the newer compounds as replacements for PBDEs, with respect to their land contamination potential. Principle production of PBDEs and NBFRs and their consequent use in secondary polymer manufacture appear to be processes with strong potential to contaminate surrounding soils. Evidence suggests that PBDEs and NBFRs are also released from flame retarded products during disposal via landfill, dumping, incineration and recycling. While the land application of sewage sludge represents another major pathway of soil contamination it is not considered in this review as it is extensively covered elsewhere. Both PBDEs and NBFRs were commonly detected at background locations including Antarctica and northern polar regions. PBDE congener profiles in soil were broadly representative of the major constituents in Penta-, Octa- and Deca-BDE commercial mixtures and related to predicted market place demand. BDE-209 dominated soil profiles, followed by BDE-99 and BDE-47. Although further research is required to gain baseline data on NBFRs in soil, the current state of scientific literature suggests that NBFRs pose a similar risk to land contamination as PBDEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J McGrath
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew S Ball
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia
| | - Bradley O Clarke
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia.
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Li WL, Ma WL, Zhang ZF, Liu LY, Song WW, Jia HL, Ding YS, Nakata H, Minh NH, Sinha RK, Moon HB, Kannan K, Sverko E, Li YF. Occurrence and Source Effect of Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (NBFRs) in Soils from Five Asian Countries and Their Relationship with PBDEs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:11126-11135. [PMID: 28866877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the first comprehensive survey of 19 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in soil samples collected among five Asian countries. High variability in concentrations of all NBFRs was found in soils with the geometric mean (GM) values ranging from 0.50 ng/g dry weight (dw) in Vietnam to 540 ng/g dw in the vicinity of a BFR manufacturer in China. In urban, rural, and background locations, the GM concentrations of ∑19NBFRs decreased in the order of Japan > South Korea > China > India > Vietnam. Correlations among different NBFR compounds were positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05), suggesting that they originate from similar sources. Evidence for simultaneous application between polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and NBFRs were also noted. Principal component analysis of NBFR concentrations revealed specific pollution sources for different NBFRs coming from urban, BFR-related industrial, and e-waste sites. For the first time, this study demonstrates a "point source fractionation effect" for NBFRs and PBDEs. The concentrations of all NBFRs and PBDEs were negatively and significantly correlated with the distance from BFR-related industrial and e-waste regions. Positive and significant correlation between population density and NBFR concentrations in soils was identified. Our study revealed that the primary sources effects were stronger than the secondary sources effects in controlling the levels and distribution of NBFRs and PBDEs in soils in these five Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei-Wei Song
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong-Liang Jia
- IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Ding
- IJRC-PTS/College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University , Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Haruhiko Nakata
- IJRC-PTS, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- Dioxin laboratory, Center for Environmental Monitoring (CEM), Vietnam Environmental Administration (VEA) , 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- IJRC-PTS, Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University , 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan City, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany , Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Ed Sverko
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA , Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
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43
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Ji X, Ding J, Xie X, Cheng Y, Huang Y, Qin L, Han C. Pollution Status and Human Exposure of Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) in China. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3333-3348. [PMID: 30023692 PMCID: PMC6044870 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209/decaBDE) is a high-production-volume brominated flame retardant in China, where the decaBDE commercial mixture is manufactured in Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, even after the prohibition of penta- and octaBDE mixtures. The demand for flame retardants produced in China has been increasing in recent years as China not only produces electronic devices but also has numerous electronic waste (e-waste) recycling regions, which receive e-wastes from both domestic and foreign sources. High concentrations of BDE-209 have been observed in biotic and abiotic media in each of the different areas, especially within the decaBDE manufacturers and e-waste recycling areas. BDE-209 has been viewed as toxic and bioaccumulative because it might debrominate to less brominated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (lower molecular weight and hydrophobicity), which are more readily absorbed by organisms. The highest concentration of PBDEs in dust within urban areas reached 40 236 ng g-1 in the Pearl River Delta, and BDE-209 contributed the greatest proportion to the total PBDEs (95.1%). Moreover, the maximum hazard quotient was found for toddlers (0.703) for BDE-209, which was close to 1. This suggests that exposure to BDE-209 might lead to increased potential for adverse effects and organ harm (e.g., the lungs) through inhalation, dust ingestion, and dermal absorption, especially for the group of toddlers compared to others. In daily food and human tissues, the amount of BDE-209 was also extensively detected. However, the toxicity and adverse effect of BDE-209 to humans are still not clear; thus, further studies are required to better assess the toxicological effects and exposure scenarios, a more enhanced environmental policy for ecological risks regarding BDE-209 and its debrominated byproducts in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jue Ding
- College
of the Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, P. R. China
| | - Xianchuan Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Long Qin
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Center for
Hydrosciences Research, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Chao Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
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Zhu YJ, Sun D, Yang NE, Ding YS, Feng WB, Hong WJ, Zhu SM, Li YF. Temporal and spatial distributions of PBDEs in atmosphere at Shanghai rural regions, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:10885-10892. [PMID: 28293827 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric samples were collected using polyurethane foam (PUF) passive air sampling device for every 3 months from June 2012 to May 2013 in Shanghai rural regions in order to investigate the concentrations, profiles, spatial distributions, and seasonal variations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Twelve PBDE congeners (BDE-17, BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-49, BDE-66, BDE-85, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-138, BDE-153, BDE-154, and BDE-183) were measured and analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that detectable PBDEs were examined in all air samples, which indicated that these pollutants are widespread in the research areas. The ∑12PBDE concentrations in Shanghai rural air ranged from 4.49 to 77.5 pg m-3, with mean value up to 26.7 pg m-3. The highest concentration was found at Jinshan sampling site in summer (from June to August in 2012). Furthermore, among the PBDE compounds investigated, the most frequently detected and the major congeners were BDE-17, BDE-28, BDE-47, and BDE-99. And the lower brominated diphenyl ethers (accounting for 75.0%) were the majority of the PBDE congeners. Finally, the result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the lower and higher brominated diphenyl ethers in Shanghai rural regions were emitted from different pollutant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Juan Zhu
- College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Sun
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nuo-Er Yang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yong-Sheng Ding
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei-Bing Feng
- College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hong
- Zhejiang Scientific Research Institute of Transport, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Mao Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
- IJRC-PTS, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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45
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Akortia E, Olukunle OI, Daso AP, Okonkwo JO. Soil concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and trace metals from an electronic waste dump site in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana: Implications for human exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:247-255. [PMID: 27978452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Unregulated electronic waste (e-waste) recycling operations have become a significant environmental issue as well as human health risk in developing countries across the world. The present study evaluated the extent of pollution in Agbogbloshie e-waste recycling site in Accra, Ghana. The concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and some selected trace metals were determined using gas chromatography electron impact ionization mass spectrometry and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. The concentrations of ∑ PBDEs ranged from 15.6 to 96.8ngg-1 dry weight, with an overall mean of 54.8ngg-1dw. BDE-28 was the dominant congener followed by BDE-209 and BDE-47. The order of mean concentrations of the abundant trace metals was Fe>Cu>Pb≫Mn, with a mean range of .531-289mgkg-1. Geoaccumulation index suggested that the surface soils deteriorated from moderate to high metal pollution, particularly for Cu, Pb and Fe. Of the trace metals analysed, Fe exhibited the highest concentration ranging from 3.97 to 918mgkg-1. Correlation and principal component analyses suggested possible interactions between PBDEs and the trace metals analysed, while source assessment suggested that PBDEs and trace metals were mostly derived from inputs from the e-waste recycling activities. Average daily dose (ADD) was estimated using concentrations corresponding to 5th percentile, median and 95th percentile. Hazard quotients of 380 and 862 were obtained for adults and children respectively, for Cu and Pb which is a cause for concern especially for local children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Akortia
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa; Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Olubiyi I Olukunle
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Adegbenro P Daso
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jonathan O Okonkwo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, South Africa.
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46
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Tombesi N, Pozo K, Álvarez M, Přibylová P, Kukučka P, Audy O, Klánová J. Tracking polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments and soils from the southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina (South eastern part of the GRULAC region). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1470-1476. [PMID: 27780594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PCBs and PBDEs (7 and 10 congeners, respectively) were analyzed in four coastal surface sediments collected from the northern shore of Bahía Blanca estuary and in nine soils from different locations of Bahía Blanca city and the surrounding region (Southwest of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Sediment samples showed PCBs(Σ7) concentrations ranged from 0.61 to 17.6ngg-1 (dry weight=dw) and PBDEs(Σ10) from 0.16 to 2.02ngg-1 dw, whereas in soil samples ranged from 0.04 to 1.67ngg-1 dw for PCBs(Σ7) and 0.04 to 10.7ngg-1 dw for PBDEs(Σ10). The highest concentrations of both chemicals were detected in the urban and industrial/port areas showing a dominance of the higher chlorinated PCB congeners: in sediments for PCB-180 (56±33%) and PCB-153 (11±6%); and in soils for PCB-138 (23±3%), PCB-153 (22±2%) and PCB-180 (18±7%). In contrast, lower chlorinated PCB congeners were predominant at more distant sites; in sediments for congeners PCB-28 (33±4%) and PCB-52 (14.5±0.2%); and in soils PCB-28 (56±14%) and PCB-52 (33±19%). PBDE-209 (high brominated PBDE) showed the highest relative abundance in both sample types i.e., sediment (94±7%) and soil (80±12%). These findings can be considered lower or similar when compared with other sites of the world, and are likely associated with anthropogenic activities in their surrounding area, which has experienced a fast industrial growth in the last decade. This is the first investigation of PBDEs levels in the whole study area and of PCBs in soils from the Bahía Blanca city and surrounding region. This article provides new and useful information on POP levels in the South eastern part of the GRULAC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Tombesi
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Karla Pozo
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Facultad de Ciencias, Alonso de Ribera 2850, 407 01 29 Concepción, Chile; Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mónica Álvarez
- Universidad Nacional del Sur, Departamento de Química, Av. Alem 1253, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Petra Přibylová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Audy
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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47
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Cheng H, Bian Y, Song Y, He W, Gu C, Wang F, Yang X, Ye M, Ji R, Jiang X. A solvent free method of analysis to rapidly determine trace levels of ten medium and low brominated diphenyl ethers in soil pore water. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01261f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A solvent free method to rapidly determine trace levels of ten brominated diphenyl ethers in soil pore water.
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48
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Li WL, Ma WL, Jia HL, Hong WJ, Moon HB, Nakata H, Minh NH, Sinha RK, Chi KH, Kannan K, Sverko E, Li YF. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Surface Soils across Five Asian Countries: Levels, Spatial Distribution, and Source Contribution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12779-12788. [PMID: 27775342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 23 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners were measured in soil samples collected in areas with no known point source [urban/rural/background (U/R/B) sites] and in areas with known point source [brominated flame retardant (BFR)-related industrial sites (F sites) and e-waste recycling sites (E sites)] across five Asian countries. The highest PBDE concentrations were found in BFR-related industrial and e-waste recycling sites. The concentrations of PBDEs in U/R/B sites decreased in the following order: urban > rural > background sites. Total PBDE concentrations were dominated by BDE-209, while BDE-17, -85, -138, -191, -204, and -205 were the least abundant compounds. In both urban sites and rural sites, the mean concentrations of total PBDEs (∑23BDEs) in soils decreased in the following order: Japan > China > South Korea > India > Vietnam. The concentrations of PBDEs in soils were comparable with those reported in other studies. Among the three commercial PBDE mixtures, relatively large contributions of commercial penta-BDE were observed in Vietnam, whereas deca-BDE was the dominant form in mixtures contributing from 55.8 ± 2.5 to 100.0 ± 1.2% of the total PBDEs in soils collected from other four countries. Regression analysis suggested that local population density (PD) is a good indicator of PBDEs in soils of each country. Significant and positive correlation between soil organic content and PBDE level was observed in Chinese soil for most nondeca-BDE homologues with their usage stopped 10 years ago, indicating its important role in controlling the revolatilization of PBDEs from soil and changing the spatial trend of PBDE in soil from the primary distribution pattern to the secondary distribution pattern, especially when primary emission is ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong-Liang Jia
- IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Wen-Jun Hong
- IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- IJRC-PTS, Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University , 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan city, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Haruhiko Nakata
- IJRC-PTS, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University , 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Nguyen Hung Minh
- Dioxin Laboratory, Center for Environmental Monitoring (CEM), Vietnam Environmental Administration (VEA) , 556 Nguyen Van Cu, Long Bien, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Kai Hsien Chi
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming University , Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, New York 12201-0509, United States
| | - Ed Sverko
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
- IJRC-PTS, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University , Dalian 116026, China
- IJRC-PTS-NA , Toronto, Ontario M2N 6X9, Canada
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49
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Duan H, Yu D, Zuo J, Yang B, Zhang Y, Niu Y. Characterization of brominated flame retardants in construction and demolition waste components: HBCD and PBDEs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:77-85. [PMID: 27494656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority of construction material is inert and can be managed as nonhazardous. However, structures may have either been built with some environmentally unfriendly substances such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs), or have absorbed harmful elements such as heavy metals. This study focuses on end-of-life construction materials, i.e. construction and demolition (C&D) waste components. The aim was to characterize the concentration of extremely harmful substances, primarily BFRs, including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Results revealed extremely high contents of HBCD and PBDEs in typical C&D waste components, particularly polyurethane foam materials. Policies should therefore be developed for the proper management of C&D waste, with priority for POP-containing debris. The first priority is to develop a classification system and procedures to separate out the harmful materials for more extensive processing. Additionally, identification and quantification of the environmental implications associated with dumping-dominated disposal of these wastes are required. Finally, more sustainable materials should be selected for use in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabo Duan
- Smart City Research Institute, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
| | - Danfeng Yu
- Smart City Research Institute, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- School of Architecture & Built Environment, Entrepreneurship, Commercialisation and Innovation Centre (ECIC), The University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Yukui Zhang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, 510655 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongning Niu
- Smart City Research Institute, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060 Shenzhen, China.
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50
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Civan MY, Kara UM. Risk assessment of PBDEs and PAHs in house dust in Kocaeli, Turkey: levels and sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23369-23384. [PMID: 27638794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust samples were collected from 40 homes in Kocaeli, Turkey and were analyzed simultaneously for 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 16 poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) isomers. The total concentrations of PBDEs (Σ14PBDEs) ranged from 29.32 to 4790 ng g-1, with a median of 316.1 ng g-1, while the total indoor dust concentrations of 16 PAHs (Σ16PAHs) extending over three to four orders of magnitude ranged from 85.91 to 40,359 ng g-1 with a median value of 2489 ng g-1. Although deca-PBDE products (BDE-209) were the principal source of PBDEs contamination in the homes (median, 138.3 ng g-1), the correlation in the homes was indicative of similar sources for both the commercial penta and deca-PBDE formulas. The PAHs diagnostic ratios indicated that the main sources of PAHs measured in the indoor samples could be coal/biomass combustion, smoking, and cooking emissions. For children and adults, the contributions to ∑14PBDEs exposure were approximately 93 and 25 % for the ingestion of indoor dust, and 7 and 75 % for dermal contact. Exposure to ∑16PAHs through dermal contact was the dominant route for both children (90.6 %) and adults (99.7 %). For both groups, exposure by way of inhalation of indoor dust contaminated with PBDEs and PAHs was negligible. The hazard index (HI) values for BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153, and BDE-209 were lower than the safe limit of 1, and this result suggested that none of the population groups would be likely to experience potential health risk due to exposure to PBDEs from indoor dust in the study area. Considering only ingestion + dermal contact, the carcinogenic risk levels of both B2 PAHs and BDE-209 for adults were 6.2 × 10-5 in the US EPA safe limit range while those for children were 5.6 × 10-4 and slightly higher than the US EPA safe limit range (1 × 10-6 and 1 × 10-4). Certain precautions should be considered for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihriban Yılmaz Civan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - U Merve Kara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Umuttepe Campus, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
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