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Wepnje GB, Peters MK, Green AE, Nkuizin TE, Kenko DBN, Dzekashu FF, Kimbi HK, Anchang-Kimbi JK. Seasonal and environmental dynamics of intra-urban freshwater habitats and their influence on the abundance of Bulinus snail host of Schistosoma haematobium in the Tiko endemic focus, Mount Cameroon region. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292943. [PMID: 37856526 PMCID: PMC10586688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) caused by Schistosoma haematobium is endemic in the South West Region of Cameroon. An understanding of the abundance and distribution of the Bulinus snail, intermediate host can inform strategic snail control programmes at a local scale. This study investigated seasonal dynamics and environmental factors influencing occurrence and abundance of freshwater snail intermediate hosts in Tiko, a semi-urban endemic focus in the Mount Cameroon area. A longitudinal malacological field survey was conducted between December 2019 and December 2020 in the Tiko municipality. Snails were collected for one year monthly at 12 different human water contact sites along a stretch of the Ndongo stream using a standardized sampling technique. Freshwater snails were identified using shell morphological features. In addition, water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solutes, salinity, water depth, width and flow velocity were measured, and vegetation cover as well as substrate type were determined. Bayesian regression models were used to identify the main environmental factors affecting the occurrence and abundance of Bulinus intermediate host. In total, 2129 fresh water snails were collected during the study period. Physa (51.4%) was the most abundant genus followed by Melanoides (28.6%) then, Bulinus (15.5%), Lymnaea (4.2%), Indoplanorbis (0.2%) and Potadoma (0.1%). Seasonality in abundance was significant in Bulinus sp as well as other genera, with greater numbers in the dry season (peaks between December and February). Water temperature, a rocky or sandy substrate type associated positively with Bulinus sp, meanwhile a higher water flow rate and medium vegetation negatively influenced the snail intermediate host population. These findings underscore the importance of timing behavioural and snail control interventions against schistosomiasis as well as increase vigilance of other trematode diseases in the study area. The continuous spread of planorbid snail hosts is a major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godlove Bunda Wepnje
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Marcell K. Peters
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Adeline Enjema Green
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Tingmi Emparo Nkuizin
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | - Fairo F. Dzekashu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Helen Kuokuo Kimbi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Judith Kuoh Anchang-Kimbi
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
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Haggerty CJE, Delius BK, Jouanard N, Ndao PD, De Leo GA, Lund AJ, Lopez-Carr D, Remais JV, Riveau G, Sokolow SH, Rohr JR. Pyrethroid insecticides pose greater risk than organophosphate insecticides to biocontrol agents for human schistosomiasis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120952. [PMID: 36586553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Use of agrochemicals, including insecticides, is vital to food production and predicted to increase 2-5 fold by 2050. Previous studies have shown a positive association between agriculture and the human infectious disease schistosomiasis, which is problematic as this parasitic disease infects approximately 250 million people worldwide. Certain insecticides might runoff fields and be highly toxic to invertebrates, such as prawns in the genus Macrobrachium, that are biocontrol agents for snails that transmit the parasites causing schistosomiasis. We used a laboratory dose-response experiment and an observational field study to determine the relative toxicities of three pyrethroid (esfenvalerate, λ-cyhalothrin, and permethrin) and three organophosphate (chlorpyrifos, malathion, and terbufos) insecticides to Macrobrachium prawns. In the lab, pyrethroids were consistently several orders of magnitude more toxic than organophosphate insecticides, and more likely to runoff fields at lethal levels according to modeling data. At 31 water contact sites in the lower basin of the Senegal River where schistosomiasis is endemic, we found that Macrobrachium prawn survival was associated with pyrethroid but not organophosphate application rates to nearby crop fields after controlling for abiotic and prawn-level factors. Our laboratory and field results suggest that widely used pyrethroid insecticides can have strong non-target effects on Macrobrachium prawns that are biocontrol agents where 400 million people are at risk of human schistosomiasis. Understanding the ecotoxicology of high-risk insecticides may help improve human health in schistosomiasis-endemic regions undergoing agricultural expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J E Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Bryan K Delius
- Duquesne University, Department of Biological Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour La Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Station D'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Pape D Ndao
- Station D'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal; Université Gaston Berger (UGB), Route de Ngallèle, BP 234, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Giulio A De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Lund
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David Lopez-Carr
- Human-Environment Dynamics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour La Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal; University of Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL, Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Bertonceli MAA, Oliveira AEA, de Souza Passos M, Vieira IJC, Braz-Filho R, Lemos FJA, Martins BX, Façanha AR, Pireda S, da Cunha M, Fernandes KVS. Rotenoids from Clitoria fairchildiana R. Howard (Fabaceae) seeds affect the cellular metabolism of larvae of Aedes aegypti L. (Culicidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 186:105167. [PMID: 35973762 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-domesticated species may represent a treasure chest of defensive molecules which must be investigated and rescued. Clitoria fairchildiana R. Howard is a non-domesticated Fabacea, native from the Amazonian Forest whose seeds are exquisitely refractory to insect predation. Secondary metabolites from these seeds were fractionated by different organic solvents and the CH2Cl2 fraction (CFD - Clitoria fairchildiana dichloromethane fraction), as the most toxic to 3rd instar Aedes aegypti larvae (LC50 180 PPM), was subjected to silica gel chromatography, eluted with a gradient of CH2Cl2: MeOH and sub fractioned in nine fractions (CFD1 - CFD9). All obtained fractions were tested in their toxicity to the insect larvae. Two rotenoids, a 11α-O-β-D-glucopyranosylrotenoid and a 6-deoxyclitoriacetal 11-O-n-glucopyranoside, were identified in the mixture of CFD 7.4 and CFD 7.5, and they were toxic (LC50 120 PPM) to 3rd instar Ae. aegypti larvae, leading to exoskeleton changes, cuticular detachment and perforations in larval thorax and abdomen. These C. fairchildiana rotenoids interfered with the acidification process of cell vesicles in larvae midgut and caused inhibition of 55% of V-ATPases activity of larvae treated with 80 PPM of the compounds, when compared to control larvae. The rotenoids also led to a significant increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in treated larvae, especially in the hindgut region of larvae intestines, indicating a triggering of an oxidative stress process to these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Aride Bertonceli
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônia Elenir Amâncio Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michel de Souza Passos
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivo José Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Alves Lemos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Brunna Xavier Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arnoldo Rocha Façanha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Saulo Pireda
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maura da Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Valevski Sales Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil.
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Bakonyi G, Vásárhelyi T, Szabó B. Pollution impacts on water bugs (Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha): state of the art and their biomonitoring potential. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:301. [PMID: 35344112 PMCID: PMC8960648 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As water pollution poses an increasing risk worldwide, it is timely to assess the achievements of the aquatic macroinvertebrate ecotoxicology to provide a sound basis for the discipline's future and support the development of biomonitoring. Aquatic and semi-aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha) are ubiquitous in almost all water types, sometimes in high densities, and play a significant role in organic material turnover and energy flow. Nevertheless, they are ignored in the water pollution biomonitoring schemes. Here, based on 300 papers, we review and evaluate the effects of chemical pesticides, microorganism-derived pesticides, insecticides of plant origin, heavy metals, eutrophication, salinisation and light pollution which are summarised for the first time. Our review encompasses the results of 100 laboratory and 39 semi-field/field experiments with 47 pesticides and 70 active ingredients. Pyrethroids were found to be more toxic than organochlorine, organophosphate and neonicotinoid insecticides to water bugs, like other macroinvertebrate groups. Additionally, in 10 out of 17 cases, the recommended field concentration of the pesticide was higher than the LC50 values, indicating potential hazards to water bugs. The recommended field concentrations of pesticides used in mosquito larvae control were found non-toxic to water bugs. As very few replicated studies are available, other findings on the effects of pesticides cannot be generalised. The microorganism-derived pesticide Bti appears to be safe when used at the recommended field concentration. Data indicates that plant-derived pesticides are safe with a high degree of certainty. We have identified three research areas where water bugs could be better involved in water biomonitoring. First, some Halobates spp. are excellent, and Gerris spp. are promising sentinels for Cd contamination. Second, Micronecta and, to a certain extent, Corixidae species composition is connected to and the indicator of eutrophication. Third, the species composition of the Corixidae is related to salinisation, and a preliminary method to quantify the relationship is already available. Our review highlights the potential of water bugs in water pollution monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Bakonyi
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | | | - Borbála Szabó
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
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5
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Haggerty CJE, Halstead NT, Civitello DJ, Rohr JR. Reducing disease and producing food: Effects of 13 agrochemicals on snail biomass and human schistosomes. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. E. Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Change Initiative Eck Institute of Global HealthUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
| | | | | | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences Environmental Change Initiative Eck Institute of Global HealthUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA
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6
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Valbon WR, Hatano E, Oliveira NRX, Ataíde ÁD, Corrêa MJM, Gomes SF, Martins GF, Haddi K, Alvarenga ES, Oliveira EE. Detrimental effects of pyriproxyfen on the detoxification and abilities of Belostoma anurum to prey upon Aedes aegypti larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117130. [PMID: 33910136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite being effective in controlling mosquito larvae and a few other target organisms, the application of insecticides into aquatic systems may cause unintended alterations to the physiology or behavioral responses of several aquatic non-target organisms, which can ultimately lead to their death. Here, we firstly evaluated whether the susceptibility of the giant water bug, Belostoma anurum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), a predator of mosquito larvae, to pyriproxyfen would be similar to that of its potential prey, larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Secondly, we recorded the nominal concentrations of pyriproxyfen in water and evaluated whether sublethal exposures would lead to physiological or behavioral alterations on the B. anurum nymphs. We characterized the activities of three major families of detoxification enzymes (i.e., cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, glutathione-S-transferase, and general esterases) and further evaluated the abilities of pyriproxyfen sublethally-exposed B. anurum to prey upon A. aegypti larvae at different prey densities. Our findings revealed that nominal pyriproxyfen concentration significantly decreased (approximately 50%) over the first 24 h. Furthermore, when applied at the concentration of 10 μg a.i./L, pyriproxyfen was approximately four times more toxic to A. aegypti larvae (LT50 = 48 h) than to B. anurum nymphs (LT50 = 192 h). Interestingly, the pyriproxyfen sublethally-exposed (2.5 μg a.i./L) B. anurum nymphs exhibited reduced enzyme activities (cytochrome P450 monooxygenases) involved in detoxication processes and preyed significantly less on A. aegypti larvae when compared to unexposed predators. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that mortality-based pyriproxyfen risk assessments are not always protective of aquatic non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Valbon
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Hatano
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Álvaro D Ataíde
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Sabriny F Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Khalid Haddi
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Elson S Alvarenga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Ma Y, Li B, Ke Y, Zhu HY, Zhang YH. Chronic trichlorfon stress induces differential transcriptome expression and interferes with multifunctional pathways in the brain of Rana chensinensis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 56:1-9. [PMID: 33030406 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1830666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichlorfon is widely used to control pest insects and various parasitic infestations in agriculture, aquaculture and human medicine. However, the long-term widespread use and overuse of trichlorfon poses risks to public and environmental health. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the interference of trichlorfon on gene transcription patterns in the brain of Rana chensinensis with 4 weeks treatment under control conditions and 0.1 mg/L exposure. In total, 102,013 unigenes were obtained from the brain tissue of R. chensinensis, and 874 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Functional annotation indicated that out of 118,643 unigenes, 45,600 (44.7%) were annotated in the Nr, Nt, the Swiss-Prot, KEGG, COG, and GO databases. The differential expression patterns of 4 genes associated with neural activity were selected and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results revealed that except for the canonical cholinesterase-based mechanism, trichlorfon could act on other receptors and alter certain types of neuronal ion channels as the major target sites. All of these effects ultimately cause disorders of multifunctional pathways and other neurotransmitter pathways in the host. The results further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying nontarget effects of organophosphate insecticides (OPs) through multitargets studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Microbiological Technology Center, Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Microbiological Technology Center, Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Ke
- Microbiological Technology Center, Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Hai Yun Zhu
- Microbiological Technology Center, Shaanxi Microbiology Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Biodistribution of degradable polyanhydride particles in Aedes aegypti tissues. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008365. [PMID: 32898130 PMCID: PMC7500644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance poses a significant threat to the control of arthropods that transmit disease agents. Nanoparticle carriers offer exciting opportunities to expand the armamentarium of insecticides available for public health and other pests. Most chemical insecticides are delivered by contact or feeding, and from there must penetrate various biological membranes to reach target organs and kill the pest organism. Nanoparticles have been shown to improve bioactive compound navigation of such barriers in vertebrates, but have not been well-explored in arthropods. In this study, we explored the potential of polyanhydride micro- and nanoparticles (250 nm- 3 μm), labeled with rhodamine B to associate with and/or transit across insect biological barriers, including the cuticle, epithelium, midgut and ovaries, in female Ae. aeygpti mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were exposed using conditions to mimic surface contact with a residual spray or paint, topical exposure to mimic contact with aerosolized insecticide, or per os in a sugar meal. In surface contact experiments, microparticles were sometimes observed in association with the exterior of the insect cuticle. Nanoparticles were more uniformly distributed across exterior tissues and present at higher concentrations. Furthermore, by surface contact, topical exposure, or per os, particles were detected in internal organs. In every experiment, amphiphilic polyanhydride nanoparticles associated with internal tissues to a higher degree than hydrophobic nanoparticles. In vitro, nanoparticles associated with Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells within two hours of exposure, and particles were evident in the cytoplasm. Further studies demonstrated that particle uptake is dependent on caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The propensity of these nanoparticles to cross biological barriers including the cuticle, to localize in target tissue sites of interest, and to reach the cytoplasm of cells, provides great promise for targeted delivery of insecticidal candidates that cannot otherwise reach these cellular and subcellular locations.
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Haggerty CJE, Bakhoum S, Civitello DJ, De Leo GA, Jouanard N, Ndione RA, Remais JV, Riveau G, Senghor S, Sokolow SH, Sow S, Wolfe C, Wood CL, Jones I, Chamberlin AJ, Rohr JR. Aquatic macrophytes and macroinvertebrate predators affect densities of snail hosts and local production of schistosome cercariae that cause human schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008417. [PMID: 32628666 PMCID: PMC7365472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is responsible for the second highest burden of disease among neglected tropical diseases globally, with over 90 percent of cases occurring in African regions where drugs to treat the disease are only sporadically available. Additionally, human re-infection after treatment can be a problem where there are high numbers of infected snails in the environment. Recent experiments indicate that aquatic factors, including plants, nutrients, or predators, can influence snail abundance and parasite production within infected snails, both components of human risk. This study investigated how snail host abundance and release of cercariae (the free swimming stage infective to humans) varies at water access sites in an endemic region in Senegal, a setting where human schistosomiasis prevalence is among the highest globally. Methods/Principal findings We collected snail intermediate hosts at 15 random points stratified by three habitat types at 36 water access sites, and counted cercarial production by each snail after transfer to the laboratory on the same day. We found that aquatic vegetation was positively associated with per-capita cercarial release by snails, probably because macrophytes harbor periphyton resources that snails feed upon, and well-fed snails tend to produce more parasites. In contrast, the abundance of aquatic macroinvertebrate snail predators was negatively associated with per-capita cercarial release by snails, probably because of several potential sublethal effects on snails or snail infection, despite a positive association between snail predators and total snail numbers at a site, possibly due to shared habitat usage or prey tracking by the predators. Thus, complex bottom-up and top-down ecological effects in this region plausibly influence the snail shedding rate and thus, total local density of schistosome cercariae. Conclusions/Significance Our study suggests that aquatic macrophytes and snail predators can influence per-capita cercarial production and total abundance of snails. Thus, snail control efforts might benefit by targeting specific snail habitats where parasite production is greatest. In conclusion, a better understanding of top-down and bottom-up ecological factors that regulate densities of cercarial release by snails, rather than solely snail densities or snail infection prevalence, might facilitate improved schistosomiasis control. Over 800 million people are at risk of schistosomiasis and environmental factors that regulate densities of cercariae parasites that infect humans remain poorly understood. We sampled a spatially extensive area at 36 water-access points in northern Senegal, and quantified densities of snail intermediate hosts, snail predators, and aquatic vegetation in each sample, as well as cercariae released from snails after they were brought to the laboratory. We found that the quantity of submerged aquatic vegetation, particularly Ceratophyllum spp., was positively associated with schistosome cercariae released per infected snail, and total potential cercariae released by the collected snails per water access site. In contrast, the abundance of aquatic predators near infected snails (in the same sweep) was negatively associated with the per-capita cercarial release by infected snails, but positively associated with total snail abundance per site. Additionally, snail densities and potential cercarial densities (estimated as the sum of cercariae released by all collected, infected snails at a site) were only weakly correlated, suggesting that snail densities alone might not accurately reflect total potential of those snails to emit schistosome cercariae. Overall, a better understanding of aquatic factors that can influence the production of schistosome cercariae under field conditions, rather than snail host abundance alone, might facilitate improvements in schistosomiasis monitoring and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. E. Haggerty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - David J. Civitello
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Station d'Innovation Aquacole, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Raphael A. Ndione
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- Institut Pasteur de Lille—CIIL, France
| | - Simon Senghor
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Souleymane Sow
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Caitlin Wolfe
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Isabel Jones
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew J. Chamberlin
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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10
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Hoover CM, Sokolow SH, Kemp J, Sanchirico JN, Lund AJ, Jones IJ, Higginson T, Riveau G, Savaya A, Coyle S, Wood CL, Micheli F, Casagrandi R, Mari L, Gatto M, Rinaldo A, Perez-Saez J, Rohr JR, Sagi A, Remais JV, De Leo GA. Modelled effects of prawn aquaculture on poverty alleviation and schistosomiasis control. NATURE SUSTAINABILITY 2020; 2:611-620. [PMID: 33313425 PMCID: PMC7731924 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that snail predators may aid efforts to control the human parasitic disease schistosomiasis by eating aquatic snail species that serve as intermediate hosts of the parasite. Potential synergies between schistosomiasis control and aquaculture of giant prawns are evaluated using an integrated bio-economic-epidemiologic model. Combinations of stocking density and aquaculture cycle length that maximize cumulative, discounted profit are identified for two prawn species in sub-Saharan Africa: the endemic, non-domesticated Macrobrachium vollenhovenii, and the non-native, domesticated Macrobrachium rosenbergii. At profit maximizing densities, both M. rosenbergii and M. vollenhovenii may substantially reduce intermediate host snail populations and aid schistosomiasis control efforts. Control strategies drawing on both prawn aquaculture to reduce intermediate host snail populations and mass drug administration to treat infected individuals are found to be superior to either strategy alone. Integrated aquaculture-based interventions can be a win-win strategy in terms of health and sustainable development in schistosomiasis endemic regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Hoover
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jonas Kemp
- Program in Human Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - James N. Sanchirico
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Andrea J. Lund
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Isabel J. Jones
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
| | - Tyler Higginson
- Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey, Monterey, CA 93940 USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Biomedical Research Center EPLS, Saint Louis, Senegal
| | - Amit Savaya
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Shawn Coyle
- Kentucky State University, Aquaculture Division, Aquaculture Research Center, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station and Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
| | - Renato Casagrandi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marino Gatto
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldo
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Javier Perez-Saez
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, Environmental Change Initiative University of Notre Damea, Notre Dame, IN, 46556 USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620 USA
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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11
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Hoover CM, Rumschlag SL, Strgar L, Arakala A, Gambhir M, de Leo GA, Sokolow SH, Rohr JR, Remais JV. Effects of agrochemical pollution on schistosomiasis transmission: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e280-e291. [PMID: 32681899 PMCID: PMC7754781 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agrochemical pollution of surface waters is a growing global environmental challenge, especially in areas where agriculture is rapidly expanding and intensifying. Agrochemicals might affect schistosomiasis transmission through direct and indirect effects on Schistosoma parasites, their intermediate snail hosts, snail predators, and snail algal resources. We aimed to review and summarise the effects of these agrochemicals on schistosomiasis transmission dynamics. METHODS We did a systematic review of agrochemical effects on the lifecycle of Schistosoma spp and fitted dose-response models to data regarding the association between components of the lifecycle and agrochemical concentrations. We incorporated these dose-response functions and environmentally relevant concentrations of agrochemicals into a mathematical model to estimate agrochemical effects on schistosomiasis transmission. Dose-response functions were used to estimate individual agrochemical effects on estimates of the agrochemically influenced basic reproduction number, R0, for Schistosoma haematobium. We incorporated time series of environmentally relevant agrochemical concentrations into the model and simulated mass drug administration control efforts in the presence of agrochemicals. FINDINGS We derived 120 dose-response functions describing the effects of agrochemicals on schistosome lifecycle components. The median estimate of the basic reproduction number under agrochemical-free conditions, was 1·65 (IQR 1·47-1·79). Agrochemical effects on estimates of R0 for S haematobium ranged from a median three-times increase (R0 5·05, IQR 4·06-5·97) to transmission elimination (R0 0). Simulations of transmission dynamics subject to interacting annual mass drug administration and agrochemical pollution yielded a median estimate of 64·82 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost per 100 000 people per year (IQR 62·52-67·68) attributable to atrazine use. In areas where aquatic arthropod predators of intermediate host snails suppress transmission, the insecticides chlorpyrifos (6·82 DALYs lost per 100 000 people per year, IQR 4·13-8·69) and profenofos (103·06 DALYs lost per 100 000 people per year, IQR 89·63-104·90) might also increase the disability burden through their toxic effects on arthropods. INTERPRETATION Expected environmental concentrations of agrochemicals alter schistosomiasis transmission through direct and indirect effects on intermediate host and parasite densities. As industrial agricultural practices expand in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic, strategies to prevent increases in transmission due to agrochemical pollution should be developed and pursued. FUNDING National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Hoover
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Luke Strgar
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Arathi Arakala
- Discipline of Mathematics, School of Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Giulio A de Leo
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute of Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Berkeley School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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12
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Qiao J, Du Y, Yu J, Guo J. MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Insecticide Exposure: A Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2169-2181. [PMID: 31625722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are key weapons for the control of pests. Large scale use of insecticides is harmful to the ecosystem, which is made up of a wide range of species and environments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous single-stranded noncoding small RNAs in length of 20-24 nucleotides (nt), which extensively regulate expression of genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The current research on miRNA-induced insecticide resistance reveals that dysregulated miRNAs cause significant changes in detoxification genes, particularly cytochrome P450s. Meanwhile, insecticide-induced changes in miRNAs are related to the decline of honeybees and threatened the development of zebrafish and other animals. Additionally, miRNAs are involved in insecticide-induced cytotoxicity, and dysregulated miRNAs are associated with human occupational and environmental exposure to insecticides. Therefore, miRNAs are valuable novel biomarkers of insecticide exposure, and they are potential factors to explain the toxicological effects of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Qiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
| | - Yuting Du
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
| | - Junjie Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
| | - Jiangfeng Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine , Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310018 , China
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13
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Rumschlag SL, Halstead NT, Hoverman JT, Raffel TR, Carrick HJ, Hudson PJ, Rohr JR. Effects of pesticides on exposure and susceptibility to parasites can be generalised to pesticide class and type in aquatic communities. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:962-972. [PMID: 30895712 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution can alter parasite transmission, but scientists are unaware if effects of pesticides on parasite exposure and host susceptibility (i.e. infection risk given exposure) can be generalised within a community context. Using replicated temperate pond communities, we evaluate effects of 12 pesticides, nested in four pesticide classes (chloroacetanilides, triazines, carbamates organophosphates) and two pesticide types (herbicides, insecticides) applied at standardised environmental concentrations on larval amphibian exposure and susceptibility to trematode parasites. Most of the variation in exposure and susceptibility occurred at the level of pesticide class and type, not individual compounds. The organophosphate class of insecticides increased snail abundance (first intermediate host) and thus trematode exposure by increasing mortality of snail predators (top-down mechanism). While a similar pattern in snail abundance and trematode exposure was observed with triazine herbicides, this effect was driven by increases in snail resources (periphytic algae, bottom-up mechanism). Additionally, herbicides indirectly increased host susceptibility and trematode infections by (1) increasing time spent in susceptible early developmental stages and (2) suppressing tadpole immunity. Understanding generalisable effects associated with contaminant class and type on transmission is critical in reducing complexities in predicting disease dynamics in at-risk host populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Rumschlag
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Thomas R Raffel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Hunter J Carrick
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA
| | - Peter J Hudson
- Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, and Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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14
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Hong Y, Huang Y, Yan G, Huang Z. Effects of deltamethrin on the antioxidant defense and heat shock protein expression in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 66:1-6. [PMID: 30584970 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the status of antioxidant response and molecular regulation in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis under the exposure of synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin were investigated by means of measuring the antioxidative enzyme activity and relative mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in hepatopancreas. The results showed that activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased remarkably in all treatments except the SOD activity at concentration of 0.073 μg/L. The oxidative stress products malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased significantly at high concentrations while no significant difference was observed at concentrations of 0.073 and 0.146 μg/L throughout the experiment. Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expression of HSP 60, HSP 70 and HSP 90 was significantly up-regulated in all treatments at each time point. All resutls above indicated that deltamethrin has prominent toxic effect on E. sinensis based on antioxidative enzyme inhibition and oxidative products accumulation at environmental related concentrations, and a protective response by up-regulation of HSPs was carried out by animals to mitigate the oxidative stress. In addition, SOD, CAT, MDA, H2O2 and the expression of heat shock proteins, especially HSP 70 in hepatopancreas could be sensitive biomarkers in the assessment of toxic effect of deltamethrin on E.sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China
| | - Guangwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China
| | - Zhiqiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Detection and Prevention in Panxi District, Xichang University, Xichang, 415000, China.
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15
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Luo X, Zhang D, Zhou X, Du J, Zhang S, Liu Y. Cloning and characterization of a pyrethroid pesticide decomposing esterase gene, Est3385, from Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7384. [PMID: 29743662 PMCID: PMC5943319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25734-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Full length open reading frame of pyrethroid detoxification gene, Est3385, contains 963 nucleotides. This gene was identified and cloned based on the genome sequence of Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-S available at the GneBank. The predicted amino acid sequence of Est3385 shared moderate identities (30–46%) with the known homologous esterases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Est3385 was a member in the esterase family I. Recombinant Est3385 was heterologous expressed in E. coli, purified and characterized for its substrate specificity, kinetics and stability under various conditions. The optimal temperature and pH for Est3385 were 35 °C and 6.0, respectively. This enzyme could detoxify various pyrethroid pesticides and degrade the optimal substrate fenpropathrin with a Km and Vmax value of 0.734 ± 0.013 mmol·l−1 and 0.918 ± 0.025 U·µg−1, respectively. No cofactor was found to affect Est3385 activity but substantial reduction of enzymatic activity was observed when metal ions were applied. Taken together, a new pyrethroid degradation esterase was identified and characterized. Modification of Est3385 with protein engineering toolsets should enhance its potential for field application to reduce the pesticide residue from agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Jiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Horticultural Crop of Hunan Province, Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, 410125, China.
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16
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Clark KK, Mezyk SP, Abbott A, Kiddle JJ. Kinetic studies of the AOP radical-based oxidative and reductive destruction of pesticides and model compounds in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:193-199. [PMID: 29351878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Absolute second-order rate constants for hydroxyl radical (HO) reaction with four organophosphorus pesticides, malathion, parathion, fenthion and ethion, and a suite of model compounds of structure (EtO)2P(S)-X (where X = Cl, F, SH, SEt, OCH2CF3, OEt, NH2, and CH3) were measured using electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption techniques. Specific values were determined for these four pesticides as k = (3.89 ± 0.28) x 109, (2.20 ± 0.15) x 109, (2.02 ± 0.15) x 109 and (2.93 ± 0.10) x 109 M-1 s-1, respectively, at 20 ± 2 °C. The corresponding Brönsted plot for all these compounds demonstrated that the HO oxidation reaction mechanism for the pesticides was consistent with the model compounds, attributed to initial HO-adduct formation at the P(S) moiety. For malathion, steady-state 60Co radiolysis and 31P NMR analyses showed that hydroxyl radical-induced oxidation produces the far more potent isomalathion, but only with an efficiency of 4.9 ± 0.3%. Analogous kinetic measurements for the hydrated electron induced reduction of these pesticides gave specific rate constants of k = (3.38 ± 0.14) x 109, (1.38 ± 0.10) x 109, (1.19 ± 0.12) x 109 and (1.20 ± 0.06) x 109 M-1 s-1, respectively, for malathion, parathion, fenthion and ethion. Model compound measurements again supported a single reduction reaction mechanism, proposed to be electron addition at the PS bond to form the radical anion. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the radical-based treatment of organophosphorus contaminated waters may present a potential toxicological risk if advanced oxidative processes are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin K Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Stephen P Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA.
| | - Amberashley Abbott
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, 3425 Wood Hall, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - James J Kiddle
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, 3425 Wood Hall, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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17
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Halstead NT, Hoover CM, Arakala A, Civitello DJ, De Leo GA, Gambhir M, Johnson SA, Jouanard N, Loerns KA, McMahon TA, Ndione RA, Nguyen K, Raffel TR, Remais JV, Riveau G, Sokolow SH, Rohr JR. Agrochemicals increase risk of human schistosomiasis by supporting higher densities of intermediate hosts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:837. [PMID: 29483531 PMCID: PMC5826950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03189-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a snail-borne parasitic disease that ranks among the most important water-based diseases of humans in developing countries. Increased prevalence and spread of human schistosomiasis to non-endemic areas has been consistently linked with water resource management related to agricultural expansion. However, the role of agrochemical pollution in human schistosome transmission remains unexplored, despite strong evidence of agrochemicals increasing snail-borne diseases of wildlife and a projected 2- to 5-fold increase in global agrochemical use by 2050. Using a field mesocosm experiment, we show that environmentally relevant concentrations of fertilizer, a herbicide, and an insecticide, individually and as mixtures, increase densities of schistosome-infected snails by increasing the algae snails eat and decreasing densities of snail predators. Epidemiological models indicate that these agrochemical effects can increase transmission of schistosomes. Identifying agricultural practices or agrochemicals that minimize disease risk will be critical to meeting growing food demands while improving human wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal T Halstead
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Wildlands Conservation, Inc., 15310 Amberly Drive, Suite 250, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA.
| | - Christopher M Hoover
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Arathi Arakala
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800,, Australia
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Giulio A De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Manoj Gambhir
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800,, Australia
- IBM Research Australia, Global Services Australia Pvt. Ltd., 60 City Road, Southbank, 3006, Australia
| | - Steve A Johnson
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Nicolas Jouanard
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Kristin A Loerns
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Taegan A McMahon
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA
| | - Raphael A Ndione
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Senegal
| | - Karena Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Thomas R Raffel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gilles Riveau
- Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Espoir pour la Santé, BP 226, Saint-Louis, Senegal
- CIIL - Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59019, Lille, France
| | - Susanne H Sokolow
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, 93950, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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18
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Hook SE, Doan H, Gonzago D, Musson D, Du J, Kookana R, Sellars MJ, Kumar A. The impacts of modern-use pesticides on shrimp aquaculture: An assessment for north eastern Australia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:770-780. [PMID: 29190596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid insecticides has increased in Australia over the last decade, and as a consequence, increased concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid have been measured in Australian rivers. Previous studies have shown that non-target crustaceans, including commercially important species, can be extremely sensitive to these pesticides. Most shrimp farms in Australia are predominantly located adjacent to estuaries so they can obtain their required saline water, which support multiple land uses upstream (e.g. sugar-cane farming, banana farming, beef cattle and urbanisation). Larval and post-larval shrimp may be most susceptible to the impacts of these pesticides because of their high surface area to volume ratio and rapid growth requirements. However, given the uncertainties in the levels of insecticides in farm intake water and regarding the impacts of insecticide exposure on shrimp larvae, the risks that the increased use of new classes of pesticide pose towards survival of post-larval phase shrimp cannot be adequately predicted. To assess the potential for risk, toxicity in 20day past hatch post-larval Black Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to modern use insecticides, imidacloprid, bifenthin, and fipronil was measured as decreased survival and feeding inhibition. Post-larval phase shrimp were sensitive to fipronil, bifenthrin, and imidacloprid, in that order, at concentrations that were comparable to those that cause mortality other crustaceans. Bifenthrin and imidacloprid exposure reduced the ability of post-larval shrimp to capture live prey at environmentally realistic concentrations. Concentrations of a broad suite of pesticides were also measured in shrimp farm intake waters. Some pesticides were detected in every sample. Most of the pesticides detected were measured below concentrations that are toxic to post-larval shrimp as used in this study, although pesticides exceed guideline values, suggesting the possibility of indirect or mixture-related impacts. However, at two study sites, the concentrations of insecticides were sufficient to cause toxicity in shrimp post larvae, based on the risk assessment undertaken in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Hook
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia.
| | - Hai Doan
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | | | - Dean Musson
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Jun Du
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rai Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | | | - Anu Kumar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
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Valbon WR, Cruz FM, Ramos GS, Tomé HVV, Oliveira EE. Sublethal exposure to deltamethrin reduces the abilities of giant water bugs to prey upon Aedes aegypti larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 191:350-356. [PMID: 29049958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems provide environmental conditions for many arthropod species, including pests like mosquitoes and beneficial insects. Giant water bugs, Belostoma anurum (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), are aquatic insects that provide biological control of mosquitoes and small vertebrates in freshwater environments. However, the application of insecticides aiming to control mosquitoes can lead to insecticide exposures of aquatic predators that can result in their death or significant reductions in their behavioral abilities. Here, we assessed the susceptibilities of B. anurum to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin and evaluated whether sublethal exposure to deltamethrin would change the abilities of B. anurum to prey upon larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Bioassays of predator performance were conducted at three prey densities (i.e., 3, 6 and 9 larvae/100 mL of water) just after insecticide exposure and on the three following days. Our results revealed that B. anurum (LC50 = 90.9 μg a. i./L) was approximately 32-fold less susceptible to deltamethrin than A. aegypti larvae (LC50 = 2.8 μg a. i./L). However, the number of larvae eaten by B. anurum sublethally exposed to deltamethrin (at 13 μg a. i./L for 24 h) was significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than that recorded for unexposed predators. Furthermore, the deltamethrin-mediated behavioral changes were higher at the highest availability of prey and, as expected, just after insecticide exposure. Thus, sublethal exposure to deltamethrin reduces the ability of B. anurum to capture and prey upon A. aegypti larvae, compromising the efficacy of these insects as naturally occurring mosquito control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson R Valbon
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Cruz
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabryele S Ramos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Hudson V V Tomé
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; EAG Laboratories, 13709 Progress Blvd #24 Suite S163, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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20
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Hooshfar S, Mortuza TB, Rogers CA, Linzey MR, Gullick DR, Bruckner JV, White CA, Bartlett MG. Gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry of transfluthrin in rat plasma and brain. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1573-1581. [PMID: 28708331 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Transfluthrin is a relatively non-toxic rapid-acting synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. It is widely used in household and hygiene products. A sensitive and accurate bioanalytical method is required for quantification of its concentration in plasma and its potential target organ, the brain for studies to assess its health effects and toxicokinetics in mammals. METHODS The samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed for the determination of transfluthrin in biological samples with an overall method run time of 15 min. Transfluthrin was quantified using selected-ion monitoring (SIM) in the negative chemical ionization (NCI) mode. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zebron® ZB5-MS GC column operating with 1 mL/min constant flow helium. Cis-Permethrin was used as the internal standard. RESULTS The method was validated to be precise and accurate within the linear range of 1.0-400.0 ng/mL in plasma and 4.0-400.0 ng/mL in brain homogenate, based on a 100 μL sample volume for both matrices. This method was applied to samples following administration of a 10 mg/kg oral dose to male adult rats. The plasma concentrations were observed to be 11.70 ± 5.69 ng/mL and brain concentrations 12.09 ± 3.15 ng/g when measured 2 h post-dose. CONCLUSIONS A rapid GC/NCI-MS method was demonstrated to be sensitive, specific, precise and accurate for the quantification of transfluthrin in rat plasma and brain. The optimized method was successfully used to quantify the rat plasma and brain concentrations of transfluthrin 2 h after the oral dosing of Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hooshfar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Tanzir B Mortuza
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Clinton A Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Michael R Linzey
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Darren R Gullick
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - James V Bruckner
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Catherine A White
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
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Finotello S, Feckler A, Bundschuh M, Johansson F. Repeated pulse exposures to lambda-cyhalothrin affect the behavior, physiology, and survival of the damselfly larvae Ischnura graellsii (Insecta; Odonata). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:107-114. [PMID: 28601515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Damselflies form an essential part of the aquatic and terrestrial food web. Pesticides may, however, negatively affect their behavior, physiology, and survival. To assess this, a 42-day-lasting bioassay was conducted, during which damselfly larvae (Ischnura graellsii; n = 20) were repeatedly exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin (3 days at; 0, 10, 50, 250, 1250, and 6250ng LCH L-1), followed by recovery phases (4 days) in pesticide-free medium for six weeks. This exposure design was used to simulate frequent runoff events in the field. Variables related to the behavior (strikes against prey and capture success), growth, physiology (lipid content and fatty acid composition), as well as mortality were assessed throughout the experiment. The two highest LCH concentrations induced 100% mortality within the first 48h, whereas 85% of the test organisms survived 28 days under control conditions. The number of strikes against prey was not affected by LCH. In contrast, prey capture success decreased significantly (up to ~50% at 250ng LCH L-1, for instance, after the third pulse exposure) following LCH-exposures compared to the control. This difference was not observed after recovery phases, however, which did not counteract the enhanced energy demand for detoxification and defense mechanisms indicated by a lower growth rate (up to ~20%) and lipid content (up to ~30%) of damselflies at 50 and 250ng LCH L-1. In addition, two essential fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid) and two precursors (linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid) decreased in their concentrations upon exposure towards 250ng LCH L-1. Thus the results of this study indicate that long-term exposure towards LCH pulses can affect damselfly behavior, physiology and survival. Given the essential role of damselflies in food web dynamics, these effects may potentially translate into local population impairments with subsequent bottom-up directed effects within and across ecosystem boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Finotello
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Feckler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frank Johansson
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Gutiérrez Y, Ramos GS, Tomé HVV, Oliveira EE, Salaro AL. Bt i-based insecticide enhances the predatory abilities of the backswimmer Buenoa tarsalis (Hemiptera: Notonectidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1147-1155. [PMID: 28780653 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The backswimmer Buenoa tarsalis (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) is a naturally occurring predator of immature stages of mosquitoes. These aquatic predators can suffer from non-targeted exposure to insecticides that are commonly used in aquatic environments to control mosquitoes. Here, we evaluated whether insecticide formulations containing the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) or the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl would affect the survival and the predatory abilities of B. tarsalis. First, we conducted survival bioassays to estimate the median survival time (LT50) of B. tarsalis when exposed to Bti-based insecticide (at 0.25 and 25 mg a.i./L) and pirimiphos-methyl (at 1, 10 and 1000 mg a.i./L). The highest concentrations of the insecticides were equivalent to the label-recommended field rates. Second, the predatory abilities of B. tarsalis exposed to insecticides were evaluated at three prey densities (3, 6 and 9 mosquito larvae/100 mL water) just after insecticide exposure or after a 24 h recovery time. While the survival of B. tarsalis was significantly reduced with pirimiphos-methyl concentrations ≥10 mg a.i./L, the Bti-exposed predators exhibited similar survival as unexposed predators. Interestingly, after a recovery time of 24 h, B. tarsalis sublethally exposed to pirimiphos-methyl or Bti-based insecticide consistently killed more A. aegypti larvae (at the intermediate density) than unexposed predators. However, for the without-recovery bioassays, the pirimiphos-methyl-exposed predators exhibited reduced predatory abilities at the lowest prey density. Because they do not reduce the survival or the predatory abilities of B. tarsalis, Bti-based insecticides can be considered a safe insecticide to use in the presence of backswimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeisson Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gabryele S Ramos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Hudson V V Tomé
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- EAG Laboratories, 13709 Progress Blvd #24 Suite S163, Alachua, FL, 32615, USA
| | - Eugênio E Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana L Salaro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Hooshfar S, Gullick DR, Linzey MR, Mortuza T, Abdel Rahman MH, Rogers CA, Bruckner JV, White CA, Bartlett MG. Simultaneous determination of cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin in rat plasma and brain tissue using gas chromatography–negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Rohr JR, Salice CJ, Nisbet RM. The pros and cons of ecological risk assessment based on data from different levels of biological organization. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46:756-84. [PMID: 27340745 PMCID: PMC5141515 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2016.1190685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is the process used to evaluate the safety of manufactured chemicals to the environment. Here we review the pros and cons of ERA across levels of biological organization, including suborganismal (e.g., biomarkers), individual, population, community, ecosystem and landscapes levels. Our review revealed that level of biological organization is often related negatively with ease at assessing cause-effect relationships, ease of high-throughput screening of large numbers of chemicals (it is especially easier for suborganismal endpoints), and uncertainty of the ERA because low levels of biological organization tend to have a large distance between their measurement (what is quantified) and assessment endpoints (what is to be protected). In contrast, level of biological organization is often related positively with sensitivity to important negative and positive feedbacks and context dependencies within biological systems, and ease at capturing recovery from adverse contaminant effects. Some endpoints did not show obvious trends across levels of biological organization, such as the use of vertebrate animals in chemical testing and ease at screening large numbers of species, and other factors lacked sufficient data across levels of biological organization, such as repeatability, variability, cost per study and cost per species of effects assessment, the latter of which might be a more defensible way to compare costs of ERAs than cost per study. To compensate for weaknesses of ERA at any particular level of biological organization, we also review mathematical modeling approaches commonly used to extrapolate effects across levels of organization. Finally, we provide recommendations for next generation ERA, submitting that if there is an ideal level of biological organization to conduct ERA, it will only emerge if ERA is approached simultaneously from the bottom of biological organization up as well as from the top down, all while employing mathematical modeling approaches where possible to enhance ERA. Because top-down ERA is unconventional, we also offer some suggestions for how it might be implemented efficaciously. We hope this review helps researchers in the field of ERA fill key information gaps and helps risk assessors identify the best levels of biological organization to conduct ERAs with differing goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger M. Nisbet
- University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9620
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25
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Jayawardena UA, Rohr JR, Navaratne AN, Amerasinghe PH, Rajakaruna RS. Combined Effects of Pesticides and Trematode Infections on Hourglass Tree Frog Polypedates cruciger. ECOHEALTH 2016; 13:111-22. [PMID: 26911919 PMCID: PMC4852980 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of widespread and common environmental factors, such as chemical contaminants, on infectious disease risk in amphibians is particularly important because both chemical contaminants and infectious disease have been implicated in worldwide amphibian declines. Here we report on the lone and combined effects of exposure to parasitic cercariae (larval stage) of the digenetic trematode, Acanthostomum burminis, and four commonly used pesticides (insecticides: chlorpyrifos, dimethoate; herbicides: glyphosate, propanil) at ecologically relevant concentrations on the survival, growth, and development of the common hourglass tree frog, Polypedates cruciger Blyth 1852. There was no evidence of any pesticide-induced mortality on cercariae because all the cercariae successfully penetrated each tadpole host regardless of pesticide treatment. In isolation, both cercarial and pesticide exposure significantly decreased frog survival, development, and growth, and increased developmental malformations, such as scoliosis, kyphosis, and also edema and skin ulcers. The combination of cercariae and pesticides generally posed greater risk to frogs than either factor alone by decreasing survival or growth or increasing time to metamorphosis or malformations. The exception was that lone exposure to chlorpyrifos had higher mortality without than with cercariae. Consistent with mathematical models that suggest that stress should increase the impact of generalist parasites, the weight of the evidence from the field and laboratory suggests that ecologically relevant concentrations of agrochemicals generally increase the threat that trematodes pose to amphibians, highlighting the importance of elucidating interactions between anthropogenic activities and infectious disease in taxa of conservation concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uthpala A Jayawardena
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jason R Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Rupika S Rajakaruna
- Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
- Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
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Singh SP, Dwivedi N, Raju KSR, Taneja I, Wahajuddin M. Validation of a Rapid and Sensitive UPLC-MS-MS Method Coupled with Protein Precipitation for the Simultaneous Determination of Seven Pyrethroids in 100 µL of Rat Plasma by Using Ammonium Adduct as Precursor Ion. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:213-21. [PMID: 26801239 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
United States Environmental Protection Agency has recommended estimating pyrethroids' risk using cumulative exposure. For cumulative risk assessment, it would be useful to have a bioanalytical method for quantification of one or several pyrethroids simultaneously in a small sample volume to support toxicokinetic studies. Therefore, in the present study, a simple, sensitive and high-throughput ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of seven pyrethroids (fenvalerate, fenpropathrin, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin) in 100 µL of rat plasma. A simple single-step protein precipitation method was used for the extraction of target compounds. The total chromatographic run time of the method was 5 min. The chromatographic system used a Supelco C18 column and isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 5 mM ammonium formate in the ratio of 90 : 10 (v/v). Mass spectrometer (API 4000) was operated in multiple reaction monitoring positive-ion mode using the electrospray ionization technique. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 7.8-2,000 ng/mL with correlation coefficients of ≥ 0.99. All validation parameters such as precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect and stability met the acceptance criteria according to the regulatory guidelines. The method was successfully applied to the toxicokinetic study of cypermethrin in rats. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first LC-MS-MS method for the simultaneous analysis of pyrethroids in rat plasma. This validated method with minimal modification can also be utilized for forensic and clinical toxicological applications due to its simplicity, sensitivity and rapidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelendra Pratap Singh
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nistha Dwivedi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory and Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Isha Taneja
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Wahajuddin
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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