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Asefa EM, Damtew YT, Ober J. Pesticide water pollution, human health risks, and regulatory evaluation: A nationwide analysis in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135326. [PMID: 39116746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing concerns about pesticide pollution, a comprehensive global understanding continues to be hampered by a lack of data from less developed countries. Ethiopia, being a typical agricultural country, is one of the top consumers of pesticides in sub-Saharan Africa. This study conducted a nationwide analysis to assess pesticide water pollution and human health risks in Ethiopia based on the available data. Additionally, the study evaluated the effectiveness of the Pesticide Risks in the Tropics for Man, Environment, and Trade (PRIMET) model, which is currently used for pesticide regulatory risk assessment in Ethiopia. The scoring approach was employed to map the site-specific pollution status based on clearly defined individual pesticide concentrations, excluding mixtures (n = 99). The pollution scores varied significantly among sites, with higher scores observed in the Rift Valley region. Acute and chronic health risks were identified for some commonly detected pesticides at their maximum concentrations. Epidemiological studies conducted in Ethiopia also demonstrated that pesticide exposure is associated with acute poisoning, respiratory health problems, neurobehavioral symptoms, and breast cancer. Furthermore, the study found that the existing regulatory framework likely underestimates pesticide risks in 35 % of the cases, raising concerns about the reliability of the PRIMET model in its current version. Overall, the results emphasize the need for increased attention to pesticide regulation and management in Ethiopia and other countries with similar scenarios, including regular monitoring, implementation of residue limits, post-application evaluations, and recalibration of the PRIMET model. This study provides valuable scientific information and insights into pesticide pollution and can serve as a baseline for ensuring agricultural and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsai Mati Asefa
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, 235, Harar, Ethiopia.
| | - Yohannes Tefera Damtew
- School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, 235, Harar, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Józef Ober
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 26-28, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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2
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Kiran PS, Mandal P, Jain M, Ghosal PS, Gupta AK. A comprehensive review on the treatment of pesticide-contaminated wastewater with special emphasis on organophosphate pesticides using constructed wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122163. [PMID: 39182378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems due to their persistent nature and adverse effects on biota. The increased detection of pesticides in various water bodies has prompted research into their toxicological impacts and potential remediation strategies. However, addressing this issue requires the establishment of robust regulatory frameworks to determine safe thresholds for pesticide concentrations in water and the development of effective treatment methods. This assessment underscores the complex ecological risks associated with organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and emphasizes the urgent need for strategic management and regulatory measures. This study presents a detailed examination of the global prevalence of OPPs and their potential adverse effects on aquatic and human life. A comprehensive risk assessment identifies azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, and profenfos as posing considerable ecological hazard to fathead minnow, daphnia magna, and T. pyriformis. Additionally, this review explores the potential efficacy of constructed wetlands (CWs) as a sustainable approach for mitigating wastewater contamination by diverse pesticide compounds. Furthermore, the review assess the effectiveness of CWs for treating wastewater contaminated with pesticides by critically analyzing the removal mechanism and key factors. The study suggests that the optimal pH range for CWs is 6-8, with higher temperatures promoting microbial breakdown and lower temperatures enhancing pollutant removal through adsorption and sedimentation. The importance of wetland vegetation in promoting sorption, absorption, and degradation processes is emphasized. The study emphasizes the importance of hydraulic retention time (HRT) in designing, operating, and maintaining CWs for pesticide-contaminated water treatment. The removal efficiency of CWs ranges from 38% to 100%, depending on factors like pesticide type, substrate materials, reactor setup, and operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilla Sai Kiran
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Pubali Mandal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Mahak Jain
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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3
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Alaoui A, Christ F, Silva V, Vested A, Schlünssen V, González N, Gai L, Abrantes N, Baldi I, Bureau M, Harkes P, Norgaard T, Navarro I, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Martínez MÁ, Hofman J, Pasković I, Pasković MP, Glavan M, Lwanga EH, Aparicio VC, Campos I, Alcon F, Contreras J, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Scheepers PTJ, Ritsema C, Geissen V. Identifying pesticides of high concern for ecosystem, plant, animal, and human health: A comprehensive field study across Europe and Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174671. [PMID: 39004368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The widespread and excessive use of pesticides in modern agricultural practices has caused pesticide contamination of the environment, animals, and humans, with confirmed serious health consequences. This study aimed to identify the 20 most critical substances based on an analysis of detection frequency (DF) and median concentrations (MC) across environmental and biological matrices. A sampling campaign was conducted across 10 case study sites in Europe and 1 in Argentina, each encompassing conventional and organic farming systems. We analysed 209 active substances in a total of 4609 samples. All substances ranked among the 20 most critical were detected in silicon wristbands worn by humans and animals and indoor dust from both farming systems. Five of them were detected in all environmental matrices. Overall, higher values of DF and MC, including in the blood plasma of animals and humans, were recorded in samples of conventional compared to organic farms. The differences between farming systems were greater in the environmental samples and less in animal and human samples. Ten substances were detected in animal blood plasma from conventional farms and eight in animal blood plasma from organic farms. Two of those, detected in both farming systems, are classified as hazardous for mammals (acute). Five substances detected in animal blood plasma from organic farms and seven detected in animal blood plasma from conventional farms are classified as hazardous for mammals (dietary). Three substances detected in human blood plasma are classified as carcinogens. Seven of the substances detected in human blood plasma are classified as endocrine disruptors. Six substances, of which five were detected in human blood plasma, are hazardous for reproduction/development. Efforts are needed to elucidate the unknown effects of mixtures, and it is crucial that such research also considers biocides and banned substances, which constitute a baseline of contamination that adds to the effect of substances used in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Alaoui
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Christ
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Vested
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Department of Public Health, Research unit for Environment, Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lingtong Gai
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paula Harkes
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Trine Norgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Irene Navarro
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Martínez
- Unit of POPs and Emerging Pollutants in Environment, Department of Environment, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Marija Polić Pasković
- Department of Agriculture and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, K. Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia
| | - Matjaž Glavan
- Agronomy Department, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Esperanza Huerta Lwanga
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francisco Alcon
- Agricultural Engineering School, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | - Josefa Contreras
- Agricultural Engineering School, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain
| | | | - Daria Sgargi
- Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Ramazzini Institute, Italy
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Imoski R, Jarenko da Cruz L, Palacio-Cortés AM, Schafaschek AM, Schwamberger E, Mariotti PR, Bichibichi Borges AL, Rodrigues-Silva F, Tentler Prola LD, Navarro da Silva MA, Martins de Freitas A, Vinicius de Liz M. Ecotoxicological strategies employing biochemical markers and organisms to monitor the efficacy of malathion photolysis treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142074. [PMID: 38657693 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the photolysis-mediated degradation of malathion in standard and commercial formulations, and to determine the toxicity of these degraded formulations. Degradation tests were carried out with 500 μg L-1 of malathion and repeated three times. The initial and residual toxicity was assessed by using Lactuca sativa seeds for phytotoxicity, Stegomyia aegypti larvae for acute toxicity, and Stegomyia aegypti mosquitoes (cultivated from the larval stage until emergence as mosquitoes) to evaluate the biochemical markers of sublethal concentrations. For the standard formulations the photolytic process efficiently reduced the initial concentration of malathion to levels below the regulatory limits however, the formation of byproducts was revealed by chromatography, which allowed for a more complete proposal of photolytic-mediated malathion degradation route. The degraded formulations inhibited the growth of L. sativa seeds, while only the untreated formulations showed larvicidal activity and mortality. Both formulations slightly inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in S. aegypti mosquitoes, while the standard formulation decreased and the commercial formulation increased glutathione S-transferase activity. However, there were no significant differences for superoxide dismutase, esterase-α, esterase-β and lipid peroxidation. These findings indicate that in the absence of the target compound, the presence of byproducts can alter the enzymatic activity. In general, photolysis effectively degrade malathion lower than the legislation values; however, longer treatment times must be evaluated for the commercial formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Imoski
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Laís Jarenko da Cruz
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Palacio-Cortés
- Laboratory of Culicidae and Chironomidae Morphology and Physiology (LAMFIC(2)), Department of Zoology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Ana Marta Schafaschek
- Laboratory of Culicidae and Chironomidae Morphology and Physiology (LAMFIC(2)), Department of Zoology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Eric Schwamberger
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Pamella Regina Mariotti
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Bichibichi Borges
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rodrigues-Silva
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Liziê Daniela Tentler Prola
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Mario Antônio Navarro da Silva
- Laboratory of Culicidae and Chironomidae Morphology and Physiology (LAMFIC(2)), Department of Zoology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Adriane Martins de Freitas
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius de Liz
- Research Group on Water and Wastewater Advanced Treatment Technologies (GPTec), Department of Academic Chemistry and Biology, Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR), Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, Curitiba, Paraná, 81280-340, Brazil.
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Wang S, Wu X, Yuan Z. Residual levels, phase distributions, and human health risks of OCPs in the middle reach of the Huai River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22012-22023. [PMID: 38400976 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Are the residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in freshwater in China still of concern after prohibition and restriction for decades? The scarcity of monitoring data on OCPs in freshwater in China over the past few years has hampered understanding of this issue. In this study, water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples were collected from the middle reach of the Huai River for OCP analyses. Residues of ∑OCPs in water and SPM ranged from ND to 8.6 ng L-1 and 0.50 to 179 ng L-1, with mean concentrations of 1.7 ± 1.3 ng L-1 and 6.1 ± 31 ng L-1, respectively. ∑HCHs (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH) and ∑HEPTs (heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide) were the most predominant pesticides in the dissolved phase and SPM, respectively, accounting for 43 ± 35% and 27 ± 29% of ∑OCPs. HCHs and heptachlor epoxide mainly existed in the dissolved phase, while heptachlor mainly existed in SPM. The isomeric composition pattern of HCHs in water differed from that in SPM. Briefly, β-HCH dominated in water, while δ-HCH dominated in SPM. However, the composition pattern of DDT and its metabolites in water was similar to that in SPM. o,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE dominated in both water and SPM. The ratios of α-/γ-HCH and (DDD + DDE)/DDTs indicated that HCHs and DDTs were mainly derived from historical residues. Risk assessments indicated that OCPs may not pose carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People's Republic of China
- Wuhu Dongyuan New Country Developing Co., Ltd, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, People's Republic of China
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People's Republic of China
- Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, People's Republic of China
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Rastkari N, Ahmadkhaniha R, Soleymani F, Ravanipour M. Pesticide residues in drinking water treatment plants and human health risk assessment: a case study from Northern Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:68. [PMID: 38342781 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
These days, the presence of pesticide residues in drinking water sources is a serious concern. In drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), various methods have been proposed to remove pesticide residues. This study was designed with the objectives of monitoring the occurrence and seasonal variations of pesticides in the output of drinking water treatment plants in two Northern provinces of Iran, Gilan and Golestan, and identifying their human health risks. Seventeen pesticide residues from different chemical structures were determined by using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results showed that only Alachlor, Diazinon, Fenitrothion, Malathion, and Chlorpyrifos were detected. The pesticide concentrations ranged from ND to 405.3 ng/L and were higher in the first half-year period. The total non-carcinogenic human health risks was in safe range for infants, children, and adults (HI < 1). The carcinogenic human health risks of Alachlor for infants, children, and adults were in the range of 4.3 × 10-7 to 1.3 × 10-6, 2.0 × 10-7 to 9.6 × 10-7, and 1.1 × 10-7 to 5.5 × 10-7, respectively. These values do not pose health risks for adults and children, but may present a possible cancer risk for infants in two DWTPs of Golestan. In conclusion, considering the possibility of exposure to these pesticides through other routes, simultaneously, it is suggested to carry out a study that examines the level of risk by considering all exposure routes. We also propose stricter regulations for the sale and use of pesticides in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Rastkari
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA.
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO BOX 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ahmadkhaniha
- Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleymani
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Management and Economic Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ravanipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lamnoi S, Boonupara T, Sumitsawan S, Vongruang P, Prapamontol T, Udomkun P, Kajitvichyanukul P. Unveiling the Aftermath: Exploring Residue Profiles of Insecticides, Herbicides, and Fungicides in Rice Straw, Soils, and Air Post-Mixed Pesticide-Contaminated Biomass Burning. TOXICS 2024; 12:86. [PMID: 38251041 PMCID: PMC10819870 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study delved into the impact of open biomass burning on the distribution of pesticide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) residues across soil, rice straw, total suspended particulates (TSP), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm (PM10), and aerosols. A combination of herbicides atrazine (ATZ) and diuron (DIU), fungicide carbendazim (CBD), and insecticide chlorpyriphos (CPF) was applied to biomass before burning. Post-burning, the primary soil pesticide shifted from propyzamide (67.6%) to chlorpyriphos (94.8%). Raw straw biomass retained residues from all pesticide groups, with chlorpyriphos notably dominating (79.7%). Ash residue analysis unveiled significant alterations, with elevated concentrations of chlorpyriphos and terbuthylazine, alongside the emergence of atrazine-desethyl and triadimenol. Pre-burning TSP analysis identified 15 pesticides, with linuron as the primary compound (51.8%). Post-burning, all 21 pesticides were detected, showing significant increases in metobromuron, atrazine-desethyl, and cyanazine concentrations. PM10 composition mirrored TSP but exhibited additional compounds and heightened concentrations, particularly for atrazine, linuron, and cyanazine. Aerosol analysis post-burning indicated a substantial 39.2-fold increase in atrazine concentration, accompanied by the presence of sebuthylazine, formothion, and propyzamide. Carcinogenic PAHs exhibited noteworthy post-burning increases, contributing around 90.1 and 86.9% of all detected PAHs in TSP and PM10, respectively. These insights advance understanding of pesticide dynamics in burning processes, crucial for implementing sustainable agricultural practices and safeguarding environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suteekan Lamnoi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Sulak Sumitsawan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Patipat Vongruang
- Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Environmental and Health Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.L.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
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Jan S, Mishra AK, Bhat MA, Bhat MA, Jan AT. Pollutants in aquatic system: a frontier perspective of emerging threat and strategies to solve the crisis for safe drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:113242-113279. [PMID: 37864686 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Water is an indispensable natural resource and is the most vital substance for the existence of life on earth. However, due to anthropogenic activities, it is being polluted at an alarming rate which has led to serious concern about water shortage across the world. Moreover, toxic contaminants released into water bodies from various industrial and domestic activities negatively affect aquatic and terrestrial organisms and cause serious diseases such as cancer, renal problems, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and nausea in humans. Therefore, water treatments that can eliminate toxins are very crucial. Unfortunately, pollution treatment remains a difficulty when four broad considerations are taken into account: effectiveness, reusability, environmental friendliness, and affordability. In this situation, protecting water from contamination or creating affordable remedial techniques has become a serious issue. Although traditional wastewater treatment technologies have existed since antiquity, they are both expensive and inefficient. Nowadays, advanced sustainable technical approaches are being created to replace traditional wastewater treatment processes. The present study reviews the sources, toxicity, and possible remediation techniques of the water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | | | - Mujtaba Aamir Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Bhat
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, J&K, India.
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Msibi SS, Su LJ, Chen CY, Chang CP, Chen CJ, Wu KY, Chiang SY. Impacts of Agricultural Pesticide Contamination: An Integrated Risk Assessment of Rural Communities of Eswatini. TOXICS 2023; 11:770. [PMID: 37755780 PMCID: PMC10534646 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Marked reductions in mean annual rainfall associated with climate change in Eswatini in Southern Africa have encouraged the recycling of irrigation water and the increased use of pesticides in agricultural production, raising concerns about potential ecological and health risks due to long-term exposure to pesticide residues in soil and irrigation water. This probabilistic integrated risk assessment used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to analyze the concentrations of four commonly used agricultural pesticides (ametryn, atrazine, pendimethalin, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)) in irrigation water and topsoil samples from farmlands in Eswatini to assess potential ecological and health risks due to exposure. The concentrations of these pesticides ranged from undetectable to 0.104 µg/L in irrigation water and from undetectable to 2.70 µg/g in soil. The probabilistic multi-pathway and multi-route risk assessments conducted revealed hazard indices exceeding 1.0 for all age groups for ametryn and atrazine, suggesting that the daily consumption of recycled irrigation water and produce from the fields in this area may pose considerable health risks. The indices pertaining to ecological risks had values less than 0.1. Adaptation measures are recommended to efficiently manage pesticide use in agriculture, and further research will ensure that agriculture can adapt to climate change and that the general public and ecosystem are protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sithembiso Sifiso Msibi
- O’Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.S.M.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Lihchyun Joseph Su
- O’Donnell School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (S.S.M.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1, Changda Rd., Guiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-P.C.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Cheng-Ping Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1, Changda Rd., Guiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-P.C.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Chiou-Jong Chen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, No. 1, Changda Rd., Guiren District, Tainan 71101, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-P.C.); (C.-J.C.)
| | - Kuen-Yuh Wu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd., Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yin Chiang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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10
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Vickneswaran M, Carolan JC, Saunders M, White B. Establishing the extent of pesticide contamination in Irish agricultural soils. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19416. [PMID: 37674820 PMCID: PMC10478240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish meaningful and sustainable policy directives for sustainable pesticide use in agriculture, baseline knowledge of pesticide levels in soils is required. To address this, five pesticides and one metabolite widely used in Irish agriculture and five neonicotinoid compounds pesticides were screened from soils from 25 fields. These sites represented a diversity of soil and land use types. Prothioconazole was detected in 16 of the 18 sites where it had been recently applied, with the highest maximum concentration quantified of 46 μg/kg. However, a week after application only four fields had prothioconazole concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ). Fluroxypyr was applied in 11 sites but was not detected above LOQ. Glyphosate and AMPA were not detected. Interestingly, neonicotinoids were detected in 96% of all sampling sites, even though they were not reported as recently applied. Excluding neonicotinoids, 60% of sites were found to contain pesticide residues of compounds that were not previously applied, with boscalid and azoxystrobin detected in 15 of the 25 sites sampled. The total number of pesticides detected in Irish soils were significantly negatively correlated with clay fraction, while average pesticide concentrations were significantly positively correlated with log Kow values. 17 fields were found to have total pesticide concentrations in excess of 0.5 μg/kg, even when recently applied pesticides were removed from calculations. Theoretical consideration of quantified pesticides determined that azoxystrobin has high leaching risk, while boscalid, which was detected but not applied, has an accumulation risk. This information provides insight into the current level of pesticide contamination in Irish agricultural soil and contributes to the European-level effort to understand potential impacts of pesticide contamination in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C. Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Matthew Saunders
- Department of Botany, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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11
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Jiang H, Chen X, Dai Y. The carrier effect mechanism of butachlor in water by three typical microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99232-99246. [PMID: 36112288 PMCID: PMC9483429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Butachlor (BUT) is a widely used herbicide that can cause environmental problems when used excessively. BUT has been found to exist in large quantities in the water environment so far. As an agricultural pre-emergent herbicide, BUT can enter the water environment through multiple channels and cause pollution. This study investigated the mechanism of three types of microplastics (MPs): polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to remove BUT from water. The adsorption behavior between MPs and BUT under different factors, namely pH, salt ion concentration, and aging, was investigated. This study further investigated the desorption and aging of BUT-adsorbed MPs. In this research, the adsorption capacity of BUT by PE, PP, and PVC are 13.65 μg/g, 14.82 μg/g, and 18.88 μg/g, respectively, and the order of carrier effect was: PVC>PP>PE. Experiments show that MPs have low adsorption performance on the microgram level for BUT. The adsorption behavior of PE, PP, and PVC on BUT conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating the presence of physical and chemical adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model fits well, indicating that the adsorption is a single-layer adsorption process. The pH value causes slight fluctuations in the overall carrier effect. Low concentration of salt ions can inhibit the carrier effect, and high concentration will promote the interaction between MPs and BUT. Aging experiments show that the carrier effect of the original materials was higher than the adsorption capacity of hydrogen peroxide and MPs after acid aging, and acid aging can cause the adsorption capacity to drop significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chenghai, Bureau of Social Insurance Fund Administration of Shantou City of Guangdong Province, Building B, Danxia Park, Taixing Road, Shantou, 515000, Chenghai District, China
| | - Yingjie Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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12
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Jemal T, Astatke H, Terfe A, Mekonen S. Effect of conventional and household water treatment technologies on the removal of pesticide residues in drinking water, Jimma town, Southwestern, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288086. [PMID: 37467297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Water resources have been contaminated by pesticides due to the different activities of human beings. Different studies documented that advanced water treatment systems can eliminate pesticides while conventional and household treatment technologies are not well studied. The main aim of the present study is to determine the effect of conventional and household water treatment technologies on the removal of pesticide residue in drinking water. Water samples were collected from the Gibe River (intake point), from each treatment process, and from the distribution system. To determine the effect of the household water treatment process (solar disinfection and boiling), pesticides were spiked into distilled water and then passed through solar disinfection (SODIS) and boiling. The extraction of samples was conducted by following a low-density-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure. The result of the study revealed that almost all studied pesticides except o´p-DDT were detected in water samples. Most pesticides that were detected in water samples from our study areas exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs), except for p,p'-DDE. The percent reduction of pesticide residue after post-chlorination by conventional water treatment ranges from 11.7% (from 70.83 μg/L to 62.54 μg/L) for p´p-DDD to 97.29% (5510.1μg/L to 149.5μg/L) for Dimethachlor, and the percent reduction of pesticide residue by SODIS and boiling ranges from 2.31% (o´p-DDT) to 54.45% (Cypermethrin) and 27.13% (γ-Chlordane) to 38.9% (p´p-DDE) respectively. This indicates that treatment technologies are important for the reduction of pesticides in water. Since studied pesticides are persistent and the resides were exceed MRL (have a health impact), monitoring of pesticides in treatment plant units is necessary and treatment technology improvement is important to allow further removal of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temima Jemal
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Higemengist Astatke
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Terfe
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Seblework Mekonen
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Water and Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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13
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Wang L, Zhang ZF, Liu LY, Zhu FJ, Ma WL. National-scale monitoring of historic used organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and current used pesticides (CUPs) in Chinese surface soil: Old topic and new story. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130285. [PMID: 36335903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Along with the restriction and prohibition of historic used organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), current used pesticides (CUPs) were widely used as alternatives. In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of pesticides, the levels and spatial distributions of OCPs and CUPs in 154 surface soil across China were comprehensively compared. Totally, 107 target pesticides were screened, and 20 OCPs and 34 CUPs were detected. The numbers of co-occurred pesticides in single soil sample were from 17 to 36 indicating the diversity and complexity of pesticides pollution. The concentrations of OCPs in urban soils were higher than rural soils, while rural > urban for CUPs. Furthermore, obviously different spatial distribution patterns were found for OCPs and CUPs. For OCPs, the secondary distribution pattern was dominant. For CUPs, the primary distribution pattern was obviously observed due to their current extensive usage. In addition, higher concentrations of both CUPs and OCPs were accumulated in the Northeast China Plain due to long-range atmospheric transport and deposition. Along with the old topic of OCPs, the study pointed out the preliminary understanding of CUPs pollution characteristic in surface soil of China, which provided a new story with the deep understanding of their environmental fate in both China and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Li-Yan Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Fu-Jie Zhu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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14
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Pesticide Residues and Effect of Household Processing in Commonly Consumed Vegetables in Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2023:7503426. [PMID: 36755781 PMCID: PMC9902158 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7503426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The long-term and indiscriminate use of pesticides has resulted in serious health effects. Aside from that, developing countries do not have any monitoring systems in place to prevent the consumption of high levels of pesticides in foods. Therefore, this study aimed to determine pesticide residues and the effect of processing in commonly consumed vegetables in the southwestern part of Ethiopia. In total, 12 samples of 1 kg of each type of vegetable were collected from selected markets. Moreover, as a solution to pesticide residue problems in vegetables, the effect of different processing methods such as washing, peeling, boiling, and their cumulative effect was studied. In the analytical procedure, the modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction with florisil as a cleanup sorbent was used and the identification of pesticides was done by using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The parent p,p'-DDT was detected at a concentration of 0.015 mg/kg in potato samples from the Serbo market and a concentration of 0.516, 0.232, 0.174, and 1.512 mg/kg in Merkato, Kochi, Serbo, and Shebe onion samples, respectively. P`p-DDT is detected at a high concentration compared to its metabolites (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD), which is an indication of recent use. DDT and its metabolites, other organochlorines (lindane, γ-chlordane, dimethachlor, and heptachlor), and pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin) exceeded the recommended limits by FAO and WHO in multiple samples of potato, onion, and cabbage. The processing result showed that washing, boiling, and the combination of the two revealed a 100% reduction in o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT pesticides detected in cabbage. In conclusion, multiple residues were detected in the three vegetables studied, indicating that pesticides were applied intensively. Pesticide levels were reduced by home processing procedures, which is important for consumer safety.
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15
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Health Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Drinking Water of Upper Jhelum Region in Kashmir Valley-India by GC-MS/MS. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:6802782. [PMID: 36741419 PMCID: PMC9897932 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6802782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally growing demand for agricultural and farm foods has more or less become dependent on chemical pesticides to maintain the supply chain, which undoubtedly boosts agricultural production. However, pesticides not only impact the target pests but cause hazard to human health. Pesticides are ubiquitous and can be found in almost every component of the environment. They can therefore impair human and biota health when present over the threshold level. The present study assessed the concentration of commonly used pesticides for agricultural purposes but get mixed in different sources of water, as such fifteen sampling sites along the upper Jhelum basin of Kashmir valley were chosen. For the analysis, 60 water samples were obtained from different water sources. Gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to determine pesticide residues in water samples. Pesticide residues from 10 of the 26 commonly used pesticides were detected in water samples. Difenoconazole had the highest concentration among the pesticides detected, with a mean concentration of 0.412 ± 0.424 μg/L ranging from 0.0 μg/L to 0.8196 μg/L. The target hazards quotient (THQ) was used to quantify the possible noncarcinogenic health risks associated with drinking pesticide-contaminated water. Only chlorpyrifos and quinalphos were detected >1 in RWS3 (1.6571), RWS4 (1.0285), RWS14 (1.2571), and RWS15 (1.2000) sample sites, implying that the drinking water poses a health risk to humans. Hence, pesticide hazards should be mitigated and rigorous monitoring is needed to reduce pesticide residues in drinking water.
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16
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Oltramare C, Weiss FT, Staudacher P, Kibirango O, Atuhaire A, Stamm C. Pesticides monitoring in surface water of a subsistence agricultural catchment in Uganda using passive samplers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10312-10328. [PMID: 36074287 PMCID: PMC9898397 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are intensely used in the agricultural sector worldwide including smallholder farming. Poor pesticide use practices in this agronomic setting are well documented and may impair the quality of water resources. However, empirical data on pesticide occurrence in water bodies of tropical smallholder agriculture is scarce. Many available data are focusing on apolar organochlorine compounds which are globally banned. We address this gap by studying the occurrence of a broad range of more modern pesticides in an agricultural watershed in Uganda. During 2.5 months of the rainy season in 2017, three passive sampler systems were deployed at five locations in River Mayanja to collect 14 days of composite samples. Grab samples were taken from drinking water resources. In these samples, 27 compounds out of 265 organic pesticides including 60 transformation products were detected. In the drinking water resources, we detected eight pesticides and two insecticide transformation products in low concentrations between 1 and 50 ng/L. Also, in the small streams and open fetch ponds, detected concentrations were generally low with a few exceptions for the herbicide 2,4-D and the fungicide carbendazim exceeding 1 ug/L. The widespread occurrence of chlorpyrifos posed the largest risk for macroinvertebrates. The extensive detection of this compound and its transformation product 3,4,5-trichloro-2-pyridinol was unexpected and called for a better understanding of the use and fate of this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Oltramare
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederik T Weiss
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Staudacher
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Kibirango
- Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory (DGAL), Ministry of Internal Affairs, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christian Stamm
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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17
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Shehu Z, Nyakairu GWA, Tebandeke E, Odume ON. Overview of African water resources contamination by contaminants of emerging concern. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158303. [PMID: 36030854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review look at several classes of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in conventional and non-conventional water resources across the African continent's five regions. According to the review, pharmaceuticals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, personal care products, pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds, and microplastics were found in conventional and non-conventional water resources. Most conventional water resources, such as rivers, streams, lakes, wells, and boreholes, are used as drinking water sources. Non-conventional water sources, such as treated wastewater (effluents), are used for domestic and agricultural purposes. However, CECs remain part of the treated wastewater, which is being discharged to surface water or used for agriculture. Thus, wastewater (effluent) is the main contributor to the pollution of other water resources. For African countries, the prevalence of rising emerging pollutants in water poses a severe environmental threat. There are different adverse effects of CECs, including the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ecotoxicological effects, and several endocrine disorders. Therefore, this needs the urgent attention of the African Union, policymakers, Non-Governmental Organizations, and researchers to come together and tackle the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaccheus Shehu
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Chemistry, Gombe State University, P.M. B. 127, Gombe, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Tebandeke
- Department of Chemistry, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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18
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Tessema RA, Nagy K, Ádám B. Occupational and environmental pesticide exposure and associated health risks among pesticide applicators and non-applicator residents in rural Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017189. [PMID: 36530710 PMCID: PMC9751888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive pesticide use increased concern about the potential acute and chronic health effects of pesticides in general and among applicators in particular. This study aims to explore occupational and environmental pesticide exposure and health risks among pesticide applicators and residents. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,073 individuals. We examined the health effects potentially attributable to pesticide exposure using regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). A higher proportion of good knowledge of pesticides [75 vs. 14%; APR = 1.542 (1.358-1.752), p < 0.001] and a higher mean score of perceived health risk of pesticide use [4.21 vs. 3.90; APR = 1.079 (1.004-1.159), p < 0.05] were observed among applicators than residents. A significantly higher proportion of applicators experienced health effects presumably related to pesticide exposure among themselves (36%) than residents (16%), and a higher proportion of them used prescribed drugs in the past 12 months [51 vs. 32%; APR = 1.140 (1.003-1.295), p < 0.05]. Skin irritation, shortness of breath, cough, and dizziness were more likely reported by applicators than residents. Perceived toxicity of currently applied pesticide products, mix pesticides without gloves, regularly maintain and wash sprayer tank after application, occurrence of an incidental splash during mixing and application, and using home-based care after experiencing a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure were significantly associated with health effects among applicators. Use of face mask and visiting health facility when experiencing a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure were significantly positively correlated with attending training on the health risks and use of pesticides. A substantial proportion of applicators reported improper use of preventive measures and methods of pesticide waste disposal. These observations point out that applicators can face high health risks of occupational pesticide exposure in Ethiopia. Even trained applicators pursued poor preventive practices; hence, comprehensive practice-oriented in-depth training focusing on safety precautions and proper use of personal protective equipment, and provision of adequate pesticide waste disposal means are crucial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Argaw Tessema
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Károly Nagy
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Balázs Ádám
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19
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Wang G, Li J, Xue N, Abdulkreem Al-Huqail A, Majdi HS, Darvishmoghaddam E, Assilzadeh H, Khadimallah MA, Ali HE. Risk assessment of organophosphorus pesticide residues in drinking water resources: Statistical and Monte-Carlo approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135632. [PMID: 35835248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A large part of the world's agricultural production, despite its adverse effects on human health and water resources, depends on the use of pesticides. Despite strict regulations, the use of pesticides continues around the world. This study aimed to determine the residual concentrations of malathion and diazinon in samples of drinking water resources. To achieve this goal, 384 samples from 8 various sites from January to December 2020 were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD) and liquid-liquid extraction technique. Besides, statistical analysis and a risk-modeling approach supported by an automatic Monte-Carlo procedure were applied. The results showed that there is a high carcinogenic risk regarding malathion and that the low age population is at the most non-carcinogenic risk regarding diazinon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Hebei Agricultural University, BaoDing Hebei, 071000, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Hebei Agricultural University, BaoDing Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Ning Xue
- Hebei Agricultural University, BaoDing Hebei, 071000, China
| | - Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | | | - Hamid Assilzadeh
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Mohamed Amine Khadimallah
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Al-Kharj, 16273, Saudi Arabia; Laboratory of Systems and Applied Mechanics, Polytechnic School of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H Elhosiny Ali
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
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Necibi M, Abdelaui D, Mzoughi N. Organochlorine pesticide residues in agricultural draining water in Tunisia. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 41:1109-1126. [PMID: 35787235 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorines pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants known by their persistence, their ability to bioaccumulate in the food chain and by their toxicity. This work aims to analyze pesticides in draining water samples taken from two different regions from Tunisia. A liquid-liquid extraction method proposed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been adopted for the extraction of OCPs from draining water. The analysis of these compounds was carried out with a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Eight draining water sample was analyzed from the region of Kebili and levels of OCPs ranged between ND and 3.415 ng L-1. Four draining water samples were sampled from the region of Cap Bon and levels of OCPs in draining water varied between 14.955 and 59.305 ng L-1. The concentration of OCPs in draining water didn't exceed the limits standardized by the regulations for drainage water, which makes possible the reuse of this water for agricultural purposes after having undergone a secondary treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Necibi
- High Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Borj Cedria, Environmental Sciences and Technologies Laboratory, University of Carthage, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Dorsaf Abdelaui
- High Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Borj Cedria, Environmental Sciences and Technologies Laboratory, University of Carthage, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Mzoughi
- High Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technologies of Borj Cedria, Environmental Sciences and Technologies Laboratory, University of Carthage, Hammam Lif, Tunisia
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21
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Li Z. Quantifying exposure source allocation factors of pesticides in support of regulatory human health risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114697. [PMID: 35151136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges while assessing the aggregate exposure risk of pesticides is quantifying exposure doses from various exposure pathways. To address this issue, a regulatory screening approach is proposed for evaluating pesticide allocation factors (AFs) for major exposure pathways for rural and urban residents. This was achieved by integrating dynamiCrop and other screening models to estimate the potential human intake of residues from major crops at harvest, livestock products, and main environmental media (air, water, and soil). The AFs were calculated from the average daily dose factors (ADDFs) of pesticides via major exposure pathways, where a large AF of an exposure pathway indicates that a greater margin of exposure should be given to that exposure pathway. The simulated results for many current-use pesticides showed that the ingestion of crops had pesticide AFs close to 1.0, which indicated that the crop exposure pathway contributed to a significant portion of the total exposure to pesticides. In contrast, for legacy pesticides with high lipophilicity and low degradability in the environment, the simulated AFs for major environmental compartments (air, freshwater, and soil) accounted for relatively large exposures. As legacy pesticides have been banned globally, exposure pathways via the food web and environmental media cannot be neglected because of their high lipophilicity and environmental persistence. Although other factors such as geographical conditions and living habits should be considered to improve the spatial resolution of the model, the method proposed in this study can serve as a preliminary tool to conduct screening-level risk assessments for populations by considering the allocated exposure to pesticides via major exposure pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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22
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Vasseghian Y, Dragoi EN, Almomani F, Golzadeh N, Vo DVN. A global systematic review of the concentrations of Malathion in water matrices: Meta-analysis, and probabilistic risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132789. [PMID: 34742763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide applications and the proximity of land use to water matrices have resulted in discharges of pollutants including Malathion -one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides- to water resources such as marine, freshwater, and under groundwater. Exposure to malathion through consumption of contaminated water may cause deleterious health effects on consumers. Determining the amount of pesticides used on farms can play an important role in preventing potential toxicity and pollution of nearby aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis is focused on evaluating the concentrations of Malathion in water resources while considering probabilistic health risk assessment. The international databases of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed were investigated to evaluate the related articles from January 01, 1968 to March 25, 2021. Thirty-four articles containing 206 samples from 15 countries were included. A meta-analysis of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments for Malathion was also performed. To determine uncertainty intervals, a Monte-Carlo simulation was conducted. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the rankings of Malathion pollution (from the most to the least) were: drinking water > surface waters > groundwaters. Moreover, the results of the risk assessments confirm that there is no non-carcinogenic risk for any of the study areas. The carcinogenic risk assessment was within the limit for the countries under this study, except for Ethiopia that was slightly over the limit as well as Iran, and Mexico had high carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Elena-Niculina Dragoi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection "Cristofor Simionescu", "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University, Iasi, Bld Mangeron No 73, 700050, Romania.
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Nasrin Golzadeh
- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Knowledge Translations Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam
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23
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Seasonal variation of pesticides in surface water and drinking water wells in the annual cycle in western Poland, and potential health risk assessment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3317. [PMID: 35228621 PMCID: PMC8885637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking water wells on a riverbank filtration sites are exposed to contamination from farmlands (like pesticides) that had migrated from the contaminated river. In this study, pesticide contamination of the Warta River and riverbank filtration water at the Mosina-Krajkowo well field (Poland) were examined during the annual cycle. Among the 164 pesticides analysed, 25 were identified. The highest concentrations occurred in the river water and decreased along the flow path from the river to wells. Only the most persistent substances were detected at the farthest points. During the study, seasonal changes in pesticide concentrations and differences in the types of occurring substances were observed. Most substances and the highest concentrations were detected in May 2018, while the lowest number and the lowest concentrations were detected in February 2018. Spring is the period of increased exposure of water to pollution, which is correlated with increased pesticides use and increased rainfall. Seven toxic and persistent pesticides were found with the highest concentrations in water: isoproturon, nicosulfuron, imidacloprid, terbuthylazine, chlorotoluron, S-metalachlor, and prometryn. Pesticides are widely used in the study area; therefore, a potential health risk assessment was performed. The hazard quotient (HQ) values did not exceed one, which indicated a less significant health risk.
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24
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Yang W, Tang Y, Jiang L, Luo P, Wu Y, Cao Y, Wu X, Xiong J. Coupling suspect and non-target analytical methods for screening organic contaminants of concern in agricultural & urban impacted waters: Optimization and application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151117. [PMID: 34688742 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure of contaminants to emerging concern (CECs) may pose risks to human health and ecosystems, even at low concentrations. Rivers impacted by both agricultural and urban activities experience distinctive environmental pressures due to receiving wastewaters that contain complex organics and their transformation products (TPs). In this study, we developed a regional database composed of 1200 CECs of high concern in Guangxi (South China). Further, we optimized a comprehensive analytical method for simultaneously screening for CECs and their TPs. The optimized screening method was applied to surface waters sampled from 10 different cross sections of a river that is impacted by both agricultural and urban activities. The best results of method optimization were achieved when the screening detection limit (SDL) ranged from 0.05 to 2 ng L-1, and over 90% of the analytes had acceptable recovery rates ranging between 64.7% and 95.6% (RSD < 11%). Of the 1200 CECs contained in the regional database, 168 were detected in at least one sampling site of the studied river via suspect screening, and among them, 36 contaminants were found at all sampling sites. Also, 58 additional contaminants and 39 TPs were tentatively identified via non-target screening, among which 4 TPs were reported for the first time in the aquatic environment. Triazine herbicides and their TPs were identified at most of the sampling sites, with ametryn and atrazine posing relatively high risks in the river ecosystems. Furthermore, 31 known analytes were selected as standards in order to confirm the combined screening method; one false positive occurred in the non-target screening method. According to these results, the suspect screening strategy provides valuable confirmation for the identification of a wide range of CECs in water, while non-target screening can provide a reference for researchers and supplement the regional database, particularly in the study of TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yankui Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Lu Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Penghong Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyi Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinying Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jianghua Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials & MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Non-ferrous Metals and Materials, School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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25
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Soto-Verjel J, Maturana AY, Villamizar SE. Advanced catalytic oxidation coupled to biological systems to treat pesticide-contaminated water: A review on technological trends and future challenges. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1263-1294. [PMID: 35228368 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article had the one and only objective of consolidating the couplings of advanced oxidation processes and biological systems in the decontamination of wastewater with pesticide content reported in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, through a critical analysis of which have been the most used, what methodologies have been implemented to develop them, identifying the objectives of each work, determining the success of the research and where the main niches of knowledge are, which can lead to the generation of new scientific knowledge as well as future trends. A co-occurrence analysis was carried out through the VOSViewer software to determine the most associated key words with the treatment configurations described above. Fenton and Photo-Fenton processes, heterogeneous photocatalysis TiO2/UV, electrocatalysis, ozonization and a particular case of hydrodynamic cavitation-ozone as main advanced oxidation processes, together with advanced biological processes such as sequential batch bioreactor (SBR), membrane bioreactor (MBR), mobile bed biofilm reactor (MBBR); biodegradability and toxicity tests with bacterial strains and surface wetlands, whose treatment philosophy is activated sludge. The main future trends are the reuse of treated wastewater, the analysis and control of costs towards the efficient use of resources and the primary study of the byproducts generated in advanced oxidation to improve the efficiencies in the coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Soto-Verjel
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental - Instituto de Estudios Hidráulicos y Ambientales IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Aymer Y Maturana
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental - Instituto de Estudios Hidráulicos y Ambientales IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia E-mail:
| | - Salvador E Villamizar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental - Instituto de Estudios Hidráulicos y Ambientales IDEHA, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia E-mail:
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26
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Chen B, Johnson ZT, Sanborn D, Hjort RG, Garland NT, Soares RRA, Van Belle B, Jared N, Li J, Jing D, Smith EA, Gomes CL, Claussen JC. Tuning the Structure, Conductivity, and Wettability of Laser-Induced Graphene for Multiplexed Open Microfluidic Environmental Biosensing and Energy Storage Devices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15-28. [PMID: 34812606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The integration of microfluidics and electrochemical cells is at the forefront of emerging sensors and energy systems; however, a fabrication scheme that can create both the microfluidics and electrochemical cells in a scalable fashion is still lacking. We present a one-step, mask-free process to create, pattern, and tune laser-induced graphene (LIG) with a ubiquitous CO2 laser. The laser parameters are adjusted to create LIG with different electrical conductivity, surface morphology, and surface wettability without the need for postchemical modification. Such definitive control over material properties enables the creation of LIG-based integrated open microfluidics and electrochemical sensors that are capable of dividing a single water sample along four multifurcating paths to three ion selective electrodes (ISEs) for potassium (K+), nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) monitoring and to an enzymatic pesticide sensor for organophosphate pesticide (parathion) monitoring. The ISEs displayed near-Nernstian sensitivities and low limits of detection (LODs) (10-5.01 M, 10-5.07 M, and 10-4.89 M for the K+, NO3-, and NH4+ ISEs, respectively) while the pesticide sensor exhibited the lowest LOD (15.4 pM) for an electrochemical parathion sensor to date. LIG was also specifically patterned and tuned to create a high-performance electrochemical micro supercapacitor (MSC) capable of improving the power density by 2 orders of magnitude compared to a Li-based thin-film battery and the energy density by 3 orders of magnitude compared to a commercial electrolytic capacitor. Hence, this tunable fabrication approach to LIG is expected to enable a wide range of real-time, point-of-use health and environmental sensors as well as energy storage/harvesting modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zachary T Johnson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Delaney Sanborn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Robert G Hjort
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nate T Garland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Raquel R A Soares
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Bryan Van Belle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nathan Jared
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jingzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Dapeng Jing
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- U.S. Department of Energy, The Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Carmen L Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jonathan C Claussen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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27
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Rezaei Kalantary R, Barzegar G, Jorfi S. Monitoring of pesticides in surface water, pesticides removal efficiency in drinking water treatment plant and potential health risk to consumers using Monte Carlo simulation in Behbahan City, Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131667. [PMID: 34325256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of pesticides to control pests and weeds leads to contaminating bodies of water and health problems for consumers. The present study was designed to investigate the concentration of pesticides in raw water originated from the Marun River as well as the treated water of the drinking water treatment plant in Behbahan City. The efficiency of each treatment process was evaluated. Moreover, the health risks caused by detectable pesticides for consumers of treated water were assessed. The target pollutants were extracted using droplet liquid-liquid microextraction and detected by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer. The results showed relatively high mean concentrations of organophosphate pesticides ranging from 0.87 to 3.229 μg/L in the river water and low concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, except for 1,3-dichloropropene with the concentration of 3.58 μg/L. Alachlor had a rather high concentration (2.44 μg/L) in the river water. The concentration of pesticides in the drinking water had been reduced to an acceptable amount. The major part of pesticides removal occurred in coagulation-flocculation and rapid sand filtration units (87 %) due to the hydrophobic nature of pesticides and the use of GAC in the filtration unit. Based on the risk assessment estimates, the total hazard quotient (THQ) for all the pesticides was much less than one. The value of THQ was higher in younger individuals and children for all the given pesticides. The highest value of THQ in children was 0.2 which was attributed to aldrin. Similarly, the carcinogenic risk (CR) of aldrin for children and teenagers was in the unsafe range (more than 10-4) while the CR for other target compounds in all the age groups was negligible (10-4-10-6 or less). The high concentration of pesticides in the river water might be concerning and therefore selling and using pesticides, especially the banned ones, should be more regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Barzegar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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28
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Sang C, Yu Z, An W, Borgen Sørensen P, Jin F, Yang M. Development of a data driven model to screen the priority control pesticides in drinking water based on health risk ranking and contribution rates. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106901. [PMID: 34607044 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are pollutants of high concern in drinking water. Several approaches aimed to promote pesticide risk management in drinking water have been brought forward by diverse ways, however, these methods usually take too many indicators into consideration, which are complex and non-universal. In this study, a more focused and data driven ranking model was proposed for the purpose of development of the priority control list in drinking water. By determining three parameters including the total health risks of dietary exposure pathways, drinking water contribution rates, and the drinking water health risks, pesticides could be divided into four categories including the priority control list, secondary control list, candidate control list, and non-regulatory list. As a case study, the proposed model was implemented for 23 pesticides detected in drinking water from 36 major cities across China during two major science and technology program for water pollution control and treatment. Totally 13 kinds of pesticides including carbofuran, dicofol, chlorpyrifos, 2,4-D, acetochlor, deltamethrin, dimethoate, heptachlor, parathion, hexachlorobenzene, DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane and atrazine are selected for priority control, methyl parathion, dichlorvos and chlorothalonil are recommended for secondary control, butachlor and malathion are classified into candidate control list, and fenobucarb is suggested to be removed from the pesticide control list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Sang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Zhiyong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Wei An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Peter Borgen Sørensen
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsovej 25, PO BOX 314, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Fen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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29
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Fuhrimann S, Wan C, Blouzard E, Veludo A, Holtman Z, Chetty-Mhlanga S, Dalvie MA, Atuhaire A, Kromhout H, Röösli M, Rother HA. Pesticide Research on Environmental and Human Exposure and Risks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:259. [PMID: 35010520 PMCID: PMC8750985 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On the African continent, ongoing agriculture intensification is accompanied by the increasing use of pesticides, associated with environmental and public health concerns. Using a systematic literature review, we aimed to map current geographical research hotspots and gaps around environmental and public health risks research of agriculture pesticides in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Studies were included that collected primary data on past and current-used agricultural pesticides and assessed their environmental occurrence, related knowledge, attitude and practice, human exposure, and environmental or public health risks between 2006 and 2021. We identified 391 articles covering 469 study sites in 37 countries in SSA. Five geographical research hotspots were identified: two in South Africa, two in East Africa, and one in West Africa. Despite its ban for agricultural use, organochlorine was the most studied pesticide group (60%; 86% of studies included DDT). Current-used pesticides in agriculture were studied in 54% of the study sites (including insecticides (92%), herbicides (44%), and fungicides (35%)). Environmental samples were collected in 67% of the studies (e.g., water, aquatic species, sediment, agricultural produce, and air). In 38% of the studies, human subjects were investigated. Only few studies had a longitudinal design or assessed pesticide's environmental risks; human biomarkers; dose-response in human subjects, including children and women; and interventions to reduce pesticide exposure. We established a research database that can help stakeholders to address research gaps, foster research collaboration between environmental and health dimensions, and work towards sustainable and safe agriculture systems in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fuhrimann
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Chenjie Wan
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Elodie Blouzard
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Adriana Veludo
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zelda Holtman
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.); (H.-A.R.)
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa
| | - Shala Chetty-Mhlanga
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.); (H.-A.R.)
| | - Aggrey Atuhaire
- Uganda National Association of Community and Occupational Health (UNACOH), Kampala 12590, Uganda;
| | - Hans Kromhout
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands; (E.B.); (H.K.)
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH), 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (A.V.); (S.C.-M.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna-Andrea Rother
- Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.); (H.-A.R.)
- Division of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7729, South Africa
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Cunha GG, Dalzochio MS, Tozetti AM. Anuran diversity in ponds associated with soybean plantations. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201926. [PMID: 34909823 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anurans are considered one of the most threatened animal groups in the world. Agricultural activities are related to water pollution and contamination, which affects biphasic organisms such as amphibians. Brazilian soybean cultivation covers about 36 million hectares and encompasses many remaining ponds used as breeding sites for amphibians. In this study, we evaluated richness, abundance and composition of the anuran communities in ponds with different levels of association with soybean cultivation. A total of 18 anuran species were recorded with an abundance of 421 collected tadpoles and 1230 adult males on average. Ponds presented in soybean plantations were distinct from those adjacent to plantations regarding water properties and tadpole richness and abundance, as well as composition of tadpoles and adults. Ponds inserted in plantations had communities with lower diversity and abundance. One explanation for these results is likely the detrimental effect of soybean management, which suggests that this decrease is a result of community changes. This serves as an alert about the importance of buffer areas around plantations and the use of adequate techniques for pesticide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G Cunha
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina S Dalzochio
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres, Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, 93022-000 São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandro M Tozetti
- Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Universitário, 95914-014 Lajeado, RS, Brazil
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El-Nahhal I, El-Nahhal Y. Pesticide residues in drinking water, their potential risk to human health and removal options. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113611. [PMID: 34526283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of pesticides in agricultural and public health sectors has resulted in substantially contaminated water resources with residues in many countries. Almost no reviews have addressed pesticide residues in drinking water globally; calculated hazard indices for adults, children, and infants; or discussed the potential health risk of pesticides to the human population. The objectives of this article were to summarize advances in research related to pesticide residues in drinking water; conduct health risk assessments by estimating the daily intake of pesticide residues consumed only from drinking water by adults, children, and infants; and summarize options for pesticide removal from water systems. Approximately 113 pesticide residues were found in drinking water samples from 31 countries worldwide. There were 61, 31, and 21 insecticide, herbicide, and fungicide residues, respectively. Four residues were in toxicity class IA, 14 residues were in toxicity class IB, 55 residues were in toxicity class II, 17 residues were in toxicity class III, and 23 residues were in toxicity class IV. The calculated hazard indices (HIs) exceeded the value of one in many cases. The lowest HI value (0.0001) for children was found in Canada, and the highest HI value (30.97) was found in Egypt, suggesting a high potential health risk to adults, children, and infants. The application of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) showed efficient removal of many pesticide classes. The combination of adsorption followed by biodegradation was shown to be an effective and efficient purification option. In conclusion, the consumption of water contaminated with pesticide residues may pose risks to human health in exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasser El-Nahhal
- Dept. of Earth and Environmental Science Faculty of Science, The Islamic University, Gaza, Palestine.
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Chancay JE, Lucas-Solis O, Alvear-S D, Martínez-R D, Mena G, Zurita B, Carrasco-S L, Carrillo H, Segarra V, Naranjo E, Coronel B, Espinosa R, Cabrera M, Capparelli MV, Celi JE. Integrating multiple lines of evidence to assess freshwater ecosystem health in a tropical river basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117796. [PMID: 34358870 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Degradation of freshwater ecosystems by uncontrolled human activities is a growing concern in the tropics. In this regard, we aimed at testing an integrative framework based on the IFEQ index to assess freshwater ecosystem health of river basins impacted by intense livestock and agricultural activities, using the Muchacho River Basin (MRB) as a case study. The IFEQ combine multiple lines of evidence such as riverine hydromorphological analysis (LOE 1), physicochemical characterization using ions and pesticides (LOE 2), aquatic macroinvertebrate monitoring (LOE 3), and phytotoxicological essays with L. sativa (LOE 4). Overall, results showed an important reduction in streamflow and an elevated increase in ion concentrations along the MRB caused by deforestation and erosion linked to agricultural and livestock activities. Impacts of the high ion concentrations were evidenced in macroinvertebrate communities as pollution-tolerant families, associated with high conductivity levels, represented 92 % of the total abundance. Pollution produced by organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) was critical in the whole MRB, showing levels that exceeded 270-fold maximum threshold for malathion and 30-fold for parathion, the latter banned in Ecuador. OPPs concentrations were related to low germination percentages of Lactuca sativa in sediment phytotoxicity tests. The IEFQ index ranged from 44.4 to 25.6, indicating that freshwater ecosystem conditions were "bad" at the headwaters of the MRB and "critical" along the lowest reaches. Our results show strong evidence that intense agricultural and livestock activities generated significant impacts on the aquatic ecosystem of the MRB. This integrative approach better explains the cumulative effects of human impacts, and should be replicated in other basins with similar conditions to help decision-makers and concerned inhabitants generate adequate policies and strategies to mitigate the degradation of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseth E Chancay
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Oscar Lucas-Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Alvear-S
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Dayana Martínez-R
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Gisella Mena
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Bryan Zurita
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Luis Carrasco-S
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Henry Carrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Víctor Segarra
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Elizabeth Naranjo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Brian Coronel
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Rodrigo Espinosa
- Grupo de Biogeografía y Ecología Espacial, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Marcela Cabrera
- Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Hídricos y Acuáticos, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Mariana V Capparelli
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador; Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología - Estación El Carmen, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 24157, Ciudad Del Carmen, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Celi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y Agua, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador; Grupo de Investigación de Recursos Hídricos y Acuáticos, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, 150150, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.
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Vera-Candioti J, Araujo PI, Huerga IR, Rojas DE, Cristos DS, Malmantile AD. Pesticides detected in surface and groundwater from agroecosystems in the Pampas region of Argentina: occurrence and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:689. [PMID: 34601623 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of pesticides in surface and groundwater of agricultural areas of the Pampas region of Argentina and to develop an ecological risk assessment (ERA) of pesticides in freshwater ecosystems. Eight agricultural sites from south Santa Fe province, in the north of the Pampas region, were sampled seven times between 2016 and 2018. Pesticides were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-LC/MS). Twenty compounds among herbicides, insecticides and fungicides in 84% and 79% of groundwater and surface water samples, respectively, were detected. Atrazine was the most ubiquitous pesticide, following by metolachlor, acetochlor and glyphosate, with maximum concentrations of 28, 24, 77 and 111 µg/L, respectively. An ERA was performed by employing the risk quotient (RQ) method. Atrazine, azoxystrobin, pirimiphos-methyl, acetochlor and epoxiconazole posed a high and very high risk for aquatic organisms (RQ > 1) and glyphosate, metolachlor and 2,4-D exhibited negligible to medium risk. The herbicides were the major contributors to risk. This study is the first contribution on the presence and concentration of pesticides in surface and groundwater from agricultural areas of south Santa Fe province, north Pampas region, Argentina, and a starting point for pesticide ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vera-Candioti
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agencia de Extensión Rural Venado Tuerto, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Patricia Inés Araujo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Roberto Huerga
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agencia de Extensión Rural Venado Tuerto, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Dante Emanuel Rojas
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Hurlingham (1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Sebastián Cristos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Instituto Tecnología de los Alimentos, Hurlingham (1686), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto David Malmantile
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agencia de Extensión Rural Venado Tuerto, Venado Tuerto, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Mekonen S, Ibrahim M, Astatkie H, Abreha A. Exposure to organochlorine pesticides as a predictor to breast cancer: A case-control study among Ethiopian women. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257704. [PMID: 34555072 PMCID: PMC8460037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is becoming one of the most prevalent non-infectious disease in low and middle income countries. The steady rise of BC incidence may be related to the different risk factors. Among many, rampant presence of environmental pollutants might be one of the risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate exposure to organochlorine pesticides as a risk factor to breast cancer. A case-control study design was employed among breast cancer patients and non-breast cancer individuals (controls). Blood samples were collected from 100 study participants (50 cases and 50 controls) followed by serum separation, extraction and cleanup using standard analytical procdures. The findings revealed that ten organochlorine pesticides were detected in the serum of the study participants. From the detected organochlorine pesticides, heptachlor was observed at higher concentration for breast cancer patients (6.90±4.37 μg/L) and controls (9.15±3.84 μg/L). Mean serum level of p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDT, heptachlor, gamma-chlordane, endosulfan, and dibutyl-chlorendate were significantly higher in the serum of breast cancer patients than the controls. From the studied pesticides, p,p’-DDT and gamma-chlordane are significant predictors for BC, while, others are equivocal. A unit increment of the concentration of p,p’-DDT (AOR; 2.03, 95% CI: 1.041–3.969) increased the odds of developing breast cancer by two, while for gamma-chlordane (AOR;3.12, 95% CI; 1.186–8.203) by three. Our study results suggesting that, organochlorines are a risk factors for breast cancer in Ethiopia. Decreasing exposure to such organochlorines might have a significant public health relevance in reducing non-communicable chronic illnesses. Besides, continues monitoring of persistent organic pollutants using body biomarkers is important for disease prevention and device mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seblework Mekonen
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammedgezali Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Higemengist Astatkie
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Aynalem Abreha
- Department of Oncology Addis Ababa, College of Health Sciences, University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wrobel MH, Mlynarczuk J. Chloroorganic (DDT) and organophosphate (malathion) insecticides impair the motor function of the bovine cervix. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 427:115667. [PMID: 34343560 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is a representative organochlorine insecticide and a known endocrine disruptor. Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide and a next-generation pesticide. Previously, it was shown that oxytocin (OT) and prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the mechanism of the adverse effect of DDT on bovine myometrial contractions. However, disruption of myometrial contractions without disruption of cervical activity may not be sufficient to cause preterm delivery. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of insecticides on the function of the bovine cervix at preovulation period. Bovine cervical cells or strips were treated with DDT or malathion (0.1-100 ng/ml), and neither DDT nor malathion (each at a dose of 100 ng/ml) affected the viability of cervical cells. Malathion (0.1-10 ng/ml) and the high doses of DDT (10 ng/ml) decreased the force of cervical contractions, in contrast to a low dose of DDT (0.1 ng/ml). Both insecticides also decreased the mRNA expression of the OT receptor and the level of the second messenger (inositol triphosphate, IP3). Moreover, DDT decreased the amount of other second messengers (diacylglycerol, DAG), while malathion decreased the amount of gap junction protein (GAP). Only malathion increased PGE2 and decreased PGF2α secretion, while neither insecticide had an effect on both prostaglandins synthesis. Both DDT and malathion impaired cervical contractions, secretory function and cellular signalling. It is also possible that malathion-mediated induction of locally produced PGE2 can be followed by cervical softening. Admittedly it was shown that DDT and malathion can evoke failures in the regulation of motor function of cervix during oestrus cycle, while their harmful effect on gestation can be also not excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Wrobel
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - J Mlynarczuk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
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Tröger R, Ren H, Yin D, Postigo C, Nguyen PD, Baduel C, Golovko O, Been F, Joerss H, Boleda MR, Polesello S, Roncoroni M, Taniyasu S, Menger F, Ahrens L, Yin Lai F, Wiberg K. What's in the water? - Target and suspect screening of contaminants of emerging concern in raw water and drinking water from Europe and Asia. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 198:117099. [PMID: 33930794 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is growing worry that drinking water can be affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), potentially threatening human health. In this study, a wide range of CECs (n = 177), including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and other compounds, were analysed in raw water and in drinking water collected from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Europe and Asia (n = 13). The impact of human activities was reflected in large numbers of compounds detected (n = 115) and high variation in concentrations in the raw water (range 15-7995 ng L-1 for ∑177CECs). The variation was less pronounced in drinking water, with total concentration ranging from 35 to 919 ng L-1. Treatment efficiency was on average 65 ± 28%, with wide variation between different DWTPs. The DWTP with the highest ∑CEC concentrations in raw water had the most efficient treatment procedure (average treatment efficiency 89%), whereas the DWTP with the lowest ∑177CEC concentration in the raw water had the lowest average treatment efficiency (2.3%). Suspect screening was performed for 500 compounds ranked high as chemicals of concern for drinking water, using a prioritisation tool (SusTool). Overall, 208 features of interest were discovered and three were confirmed with reference standards. There was co-variation between removal efficiency in DWTPs for the target compounds and the suspected features detected using suspect screening, implying that removal of known contaminants can be used to predict overall removal of potential CECs for drinking water production. Our results can be of high value for DWTPs around the globe in their planning for future treatment strategies to meet the increasing concern about human exposure to unknown CECs present in their drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Tröger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Hanwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cristina Postigo
- Water, Environmental, and Food Chemistry Unit (ENFOCHEM), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Phuoc Dan Nguyen
- Centre Asiatique de Recherche sur l'Eau, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10; Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Christine Baduel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRD, CNRS, Grenoble INP, IGE, 38 050 Grenoble, France
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Frederic Been
- KWR Water Research Institute, 3430BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Joerss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Maria Rosa Boleda
- Aigües de Barcelona - EMGCIA S.A, General Batet 1-7, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefano Polesello
- Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio (MB), Italy
| | | | - Sachi Taniyasu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan
| | - Frank Menger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Negatu B, Dugassa S, Mekonnen Y. Environmental and Health Risks of Pesticide Use in Ethiopia. J Health Pollut 2021; 11:210601. [PMID: 34267988 PMCID: PMC8276724 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are frequent reports of unsafe pesticide use in many parts of Africa. Ethiopia is the second most populous nation in Africa with around 80% of the population still depending on agriculture which intensively uses pesticides. A number of studies have examined pesticide-related health and environmental risks in Ethiopia. However, most of these studies have been small in scale and it is therefore challenging to get a general overview of the extent of health risks and level of environmental contamination in the country. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to synthesize and summarize contemporary knowledge on pesticide-related risks and relevant gaps in Ethiopia. METHODS An electronic database search and gathering of grey literature were done to collect information on the risks of pesticide use in Ethiopia. The electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (via PubMed) without any publication date or language specifications. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was used as guide in the creation of this review. DISCUSSION A synthesis of the reviewed studies showed evidence of health risks due to occupational pesticide exposure, surface water pollution with pesticides that could cause chronic health risks to the public, evidence of pesticide contamination of the environment (e.g., soil organisms, fish, bee colonies and wildlife) and local as well as international consumer risks due to pesticide residues in food items. In addition, there have been frequent reports of health and environmental hazards in association with cut-flower farms. There is also evidence of direct use of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) on food crops and detection of DDT residues in surface water, soil and human breast milk. Those reported risks might be due to lack of knowledge among farm workers, negligence of farm owners, absence of post-registration monitoring systems and poor implementation of both national and international regulations in Ethiopia due to poor institutional capacity. CONCLUSIONS The health and environmental risks of inappropriate use of pesticides requires action by all concerned bodies. Improved institutional arrangements for enforcement of regulations, awareness and further intervention studies could lessen the high risks of pesticide misuse. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyene Negatu
- Pesticide Registration and Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Dugassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemtshay Mekonnen
- College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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Galani YJH, Houbraken M, Wumbei A, Djeugap JF, Fotio D, Gong YY, Spanoghe P. Contamination of Foods from Cameroon with Residues of 20 Halogenated Pesticides, and Health Risk of Adult Human Dietary Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18095043. [PMID: 34068747 PMCID: PMC8126213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18095043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Halogenated pesticides are abundantly used in Cameroon, but there is no information on the health risk of consumers from exposure to their residues in foods. (2) Methods: Residues of 20 halogenated pesticides were determined in 11 agricultural products collected in the 3 largest cities of Cameroon using QuEChERS extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and health risk from dietary exposure was assessed. (3) Results: Organochlorines pesticides aldrin, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) found in 85.0%, 81.9% and 72.5% of samples, respectively, were the most frequently detected. The highest average concentrations of residues were 1.12, 0.74 and 0.39 mg/kg for methoxychlor, alachlor and β-HCH, respectively, found in chilli pepper. Chili pepper (58.9%), cowpea (56.8%), black beans (56.5%) and kidney beans (54.0%) exhibited the highest residue occurrences. Levels above the European Union maximum residue limits (MRLs) were found for all the 20 pesticides, in 40.1% of the positive analyses, and the food samples contained 14 pesticides banned in Cameroon. Chronic, acute, cumulative and carcinogenic risk assessments revealed that lifetime consumption of maize, black beans, kidney beans, groundnuts and chili pepper contaminated with aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, heptachlor, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE and β-HCH, could pose health risks. (4) Conclusion: These results show that there is an urgent need of pesticide usage regulation, effective application of pesticide bans and management of obsolete pesticide stocks in Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamdeu Joseph Hubert Galani
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-113-343-7724
| | - Michael Houbraken
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Abukari Wumbei
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Joseph Fovo Djeugap
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 222, Cameroon;
| | - Daniel Fotio
- Inter-States Pesticides Committee of Central Africa, Yaounde P.O. Box 16344, Cameroon;
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Pieter Spanoghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (M.H.); (A.W.); (P.S.)
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Berni I, Menouni A, El Ghazi I, Godderis L, Duca RC, Jaafari SE. Health and ecological risk assessment based on pesticide monitoring in Saïss plain (Morocco) groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116638. [PMID: 33618112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, including Morocco, groundwater contamination with pesticides such as globally banned organochlorides (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) and some accredited organophosphates and pyrethroids poses ecological and human health risks. To assess these risks, we herein monitored pesticides in Saïss plain groundwater (Morocco) during the summer of 2017 and the winter of 2018 using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. The two types of passive samplers were deployed in 22 traditional wells for 14-20 days and subjected to solid-phase extraction. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a multiresidue method, and 27 pesticides were detected in total. In the summer campaign, 22 pesticides with individual concentrations ranging from <limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 243.1 ng L-1 were identified, whereas 17 compounds with concentrations ranging from <LOQ to 53.8 ng L-1 were detected in the winter campaign. In the summer period, the maximum individual concentrations of chlorothalonil, DDT, and α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) equaled 111.7, 36.1, and 22.3 ng L-1, respectively, with the respective values for the winter period equaling 18.14, 16.62, and 22.2 ng L-1. Health risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic α-HCH, β-HCH, DDT, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene present in groundwater may also contaminate drinking water and thus pose a threat to human health, particularly to that of infants and children. Further analysis revealed that the Saïss aquifer presents a high ecological risk. Thus, the monitoring of pesticides in groundwater by passive sampling was effective and could be combined with human health and ecological risk assessment to develop ways of reducing human and environmental exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Berni
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Aziza Menouni
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco; Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim El Ghazi
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Samir El Jaafari
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
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Pesticide Residue Analysis of Khat Leaves and Health Risks among Khat Chewers in the Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:4680573. [PMID: 33833811 PMCID: PMC8016596 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4680573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Farmers use a large number of pesticides to increase the productivity of Khat cultivation. Since Khat is consumed by many Ethiopians as a habit, there may be a significant concentration of pesticide residues in Khat leaves which result in adverse effects among the exposed population. Excess use of pesticides in Khat causes cancer, genotoxicity, and endocrine disturbances. The current study aimed to determine the concentration of selected pesticide residues on Khat leaves samples and to estimate the possible health risk on consumers. Methods Thirty Khat samples were collected from Khat cultivators in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. Pesticide residue extraction and cleanup of Khat samples were performed using the QuEChERS method. Data were also collected about personal variables and Khat consumption habits. The pesticide concentrations were determined and the health risks were estimated. Results Profenofos, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were detected in 6 (20%), 24 (80%), and 28 (93.3%) Khat samples, respectively. However, diazinon was detected in two samples and endosulfan I was not detected. The average concentration of chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, profenofos, and diazinon in Khat samples was 75.39 ± 20.26, 130 ± 48.94, 242.45 ± 119.79, and 81.5 ± 21.0 μg/kg, respectively. The HQ for diazinon was greater than 1 which shows the chronic health risks associated with intake of diazinon among Khat chewers. The acute health risks associated with intake of profenofos and diazinon were minimal. Discussion. Pesticide residue exposure is a risk factor for cardiac complications, reduction in antioxidant defense system, and developing neurological symptoms. All the pesticides were higher than the European Union Maximum Residue Levels (EU-MRL). Diazinon has the potential to cause higher chronic health risks. Chronic Khat chewers in the region may face potential health risks from pesticide residues. Awareness creation among people in the study area is necessary to avoid the adverse health effects of pesticide residues.
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Villanueva CM, Grau-Pujol B, Evlampidou I, Escola V, Goñi-Irigoyen F, Kuckelkorn J, Grummt T, Arjona L, Lazaro B, Etxeandia A, Ulibarrena E, Nhacolo A, Muñoz J. Chemical and in vitro bioanalytical assessment of drinking water quality in Manhiça, Mozambique. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:276-288. [PMID: 33414480 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chemical quality of drinking water is widely unknown in low-income countries. OBJECTIVE We conducted an exploratory study in Manhiça district (Mozambique) to evaluate drinking water quality using chemical analyses and cell-based assays. METHODS We measured nitrate, fluoride, metals, pesticides, disinfection by-products, and industrial organochlorinated chemicals, and conducted the bioassays Ames test for mutagenicity, micronuclei assay (MN-FACS), ER-CALUX, and antiAR-CALUX in 20 water samples from protected and unprotected sources. RESULTS Nitrate was present in all samples (median 7.5 mg/L). Manganese, cobalt, chromium, aluminium, and barium were present in 90-100% of the samples, with median values of 32, 0.6, 2.0, 61, 250 μg/l, respectively. Manganese was above 50 μg/l (EU guideline) in eight samples. Arsenic, lead, nickel, iron, and selenium median values were below the quantification limit. Antimony, cadmium, copper, mercury, zinc and silver were not present. Trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles and haloketones were present in 5-28% samples at levels ≤4.6 μg/l. DDT, dieldrin, diuron, and pirimiphos-methyl were quantified in 2, 3, 3, and 1 sample, respectively (range 12-60 ng/L). Fluoride was present in one sample (0.11 mg/l). Trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene were not present. Samples were negative in the in vitro assays. SIGNIFICANCE Results suggest low exposure to chemicals, mutagenicity, genotoxicity and endocrine disruption through drinking water in Manhiça population. High concentration of manganese in some samples warrants confirmatory studies, given the potential link to impaired neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Villanueva
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER epidemiología y salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Berta Grau-Pujol
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iro Evlampidou
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER epidemiología y salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valdemiro Escola
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Fernando Goñi-Irigoyen
- CIBER epidemiología y salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Health Department of Basque Government, Public Health Laboratory (Gipuzkoa), San Sebastian, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jochen Kuckelkorn
- Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, German Environment Agency, Bad Elster, Germany
| | - Tamara Grummt
- Toxicology of Drinking Water and Swimming Pool Water, German Environment Agency, Bad Elster, Germany
| | - Lourdes Arjona
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER epidemiología y salud pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lazaro
- Health Department of Basque Government, Public Health Laboratory (Bizkaia), Derio, Spain
| | - Arsenio Etxeandia
- Health Department of Basque Government, Public Health Laboratory (Bizkaia), Derio, Spain
| | - Enrique Ulibarrena
- Health Department of Basque Government, Public Health Laboratory (Gipuzkoa), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ariel Nhacolo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Jose Muñoz
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde da Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
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Merga LB, Mengistie AA, Alemu MT, Van den Brink PJ. Biological and chemical monitoring of the ecological risks of pesticides in Lake Ziway, Ethiopia. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129214. [PMID: 33310518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lake Ziway, a freshwater lake located in Ethiopia, is under the pressure of pesticide and nutrient pollution due to agricultural activity and urbanization. This study has analysed concentrations of insecticides, fungicides and nutrients in water and sediment samples of Lake Ziway taken in the wet and dry season at 13 sites expected to be under different environmental stress and assessed their expected ecological impacts. Malathion, dimethoate, metalaxyl, diazinon, chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and endosulfan were detected in more than half of the water samples, while diazinon, α-cypermethrin and endosulfan were frequently detected (>25%) in sediment samples. Higher levels of physicochemical parameters were observed at sample locations proximate to agricultural and urban activities. Risk quotients (RQ) and multi-substance Potentially Affected Fraction (msPAFRA) were calculated to assess the ecological risk of individual and mixture of pesticides, respectively. The majority of the pesticides detected in the water of the lake showed a potential acute risk (RQ > 1), specifically the insecticides chlorpyrifos, λ-cyhalothrin and α-cypermethrin for which high potential acute risks were calculated using a 2nd tier risk assessment. Levels of pesticides in sediment showed low ecological risks. Arthropods and fishes are expected to be highly affected by mixtures of pesticides (msPAFRA = < 1-80%) detected at locations that are proximate to smallholders' farms, and receive largescale farms' wastewater and at sites where inflow rivers join the lake. Macroinvertebrates based redundancy analysis showed the effectiveness of EPT richness to assess ecological status of the lake. Training for smallholder farmers on pesticides safety and usage, and implementation of improved effluent management mechanisms by floriculture farms are urgently needed intervention measures to reduce the pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemessa B Merga
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P.O. Box 240, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Miresa T Alemu
- Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P.O. Box 240, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Wee SY, Aris AZ, Yusoff FM, Praveena SM. Tap water contamination: Multiclass endocrine disrupting compounds in different housing types in an urban settlement. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128488. [PMID: 33045559 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in tap water is an emerging global issue, and there are abundant influencing factors that have an ambivalent effect on their transportation and fate. Different housing types vary in terms of water distribution system operation and design, water consumption choices, and other hydraulic factors, which potentially affect the dynamics, loadings, and partitioning of pollutants in tap water. Thus, this study analyzed 18 multiclass EDCs in tap water from different housing types (i.e., landed and high-rise) and the associated health risks. Sample analyses revealed the presence of 16 EDCs, namely hormones (5), pharmaceuticals (8), a pesticide (1), and plasticizers (2) in tap water, with the prevalent occurrence of bisphenol A up to 66.40 ng/L in high-rise housing. The presence of caffeine and sulfamethoxazole distribution in tap water was significantly different between landed and high-rise housings (t(152) = -2.298, p = 0.023 and t(109) = 2.135, p = 0.035). Moreover, the salinity and conductivity of tap water in high-rise housings were significantly higher compared to those in landed housings (t(122) = 2.411, p = 0.017 and t(94) = 2.997, p = 0.003, respectively). Furthermore, there were no potential health risks of EDCs (risk quotient < 1) estimated in different age groups via drinking water intake. However, EDC variation in different housing types requires simulation of the occurrence, transport, and fate of EDCs in the distribution system and investigation of the underlying factors for effective mitigation, prevention, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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Bülent Selek. Assessment of Surface Drinking Water Resources of Turkey in Terms of Water Quality Standards. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x20050124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Francesconi S, Steiner B, Buerstmayr H, Lemmens M, Sulyok M, Balestra GM. Chitosan Hydrochloride Decreases Fusarium graminearum Growth and Virulence and Boosts Growth, Development and Systemic Acquired Resistance in Two Durum Wheat Genotypes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4752. [PMID: 33081211 PMCID: PMC7587526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease for cereals. FHB is managed by fungicides at anthesis, but their efficacy is variable. Conventional fungicides accumulate in the soil and are dangerous for animal and human health. This study assayed the antifungal ability of chitosan hydrochloride against Fusarium graminearum. Chitosan reduced F. graminearum growth and downregulated the transcript of the major genes involved in the cell growth, respiration, virulence, and trichothecenes biosynthesis. Chitosan promoted the germination rate, the root and coleoptile development, and the nitrogen balance index in two durum wheat genotypes, Marco Aurelio (FHB-susceptible) and DBC480 (FHB-resistant). Chitosan reduced FHB severity when applied on spikes or on the flag leaves. FHB severity in DBC480 was of 6% at 21 dpi after chitosan treatments compared to F. graminearum inoculated control (20%). The elicitor-like property of chitosan was confirmed by the up-regulation of TaPAL, TaPR1 and TaPR2 (around 3-fold). Chitosan decreased the fungal spread and mycotoxins accumulation. This study demonstrated that the non-toxic chitosan is a powerful molecule with the potential to replace the conventional fungicides. The combination of a moderately resistant genotype (DBC480) with a sustainable compound (chitosan) will open new frontiers for the reduction of conventional compounds in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Barbara Steiner
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Hermann Buerstmayr
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Marc Lemmens
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology Tulln (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Straße 20, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria; (B.S.); (H.B.); (M.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Melin J, Guillon A, Enault J, Esperanza M, Dauchy X, Bouchonnet S. How to select relevant metabolites based on available data for parent molecules: Case of neonicotinoids, carbamates, phenylpyrazoles and organophosphorus compounds in French water resources. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114992. [PMID: 32563121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pesticide in water resources is a topical issue in France as in many other countries. Resources can be contaminated by current-used pesticides and their metabolites but also by molecules banned 50 years ago. The number of reported studies on the impact of these substances on human health and environment increases every day. Currently, pesticides and their relevant degradation products are subjected to the European regulation for water intended for human consumption. It sets an individual quality limit of 0.1 μg/L, and another of 0.5 μg/L for the sum of their concentrations. The constant improvement of analytical methods allows laboratories to detect pesticides, at lower and lower concentrations but also more and more metabolites. However, regulation does not provide a national indicative metabolites list to be monitored. Each regional health agency offers their own list based on local agricultural practices and quantities of pesticides sold. This article reports a prioritization method allowing to identify new metabolites to be monitored in water resources, along drinking water treatment plants and in treated water; it describes its application in France in order to anticipate possible non-compliance with raw water and treated water and to provide solutions upstream of changes in sanitary control. This methodology has been developed to rank pesticides and to select the corresponding metabolites by combining three main criteria: use (sale and type of use), toxicity, and environmental fate (based on physical and chemical properties). Prioritization method was applied to four families of pesticides: carbamates, organophosphorus compounds, phenylpyrazoles and neonicotinoids, for which there is a real lack of knowledge as regards the occurrence of their metabolites in metropolitan France. 146 pesticides have been prioritized. The first 50 molecules were considered allowing the identification of 72 metabolites to be monitored in water resources and along drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Melin
- LCM, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France; SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38 Rue Du Président Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France; ANSES, Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Amélie Guillon
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38 Rue Du Président Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Jérôme Enault
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38 Rue Du Président Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Mar Esperanza
- SUEZ - CIRSEE, 38 Rue Du Président Wilson, 78230, Le Pecq, France
| | - Xavier Dauchy
- ANSES, Laboratory for Hydrology, Water Chemistry Department, 40 Rue Lionnois, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchonnet
- LCM, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Li X, Tian T, Shang X, Zhang R, Xie H, Wang X, Wang H, Xie Q, Chen J, Kadokami K. Occurrence and Health Risks of Organic Micro-Pollutants and Metals in Groundwater of Chinese Rural Areas. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:107010. [PMID: 33124919 PMCID: PMC7598030 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Groundwater is a main drinking-water source for Chinese rural residents. The overall pollution status of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and metals in the groundwater and corresponding health risks are unknown. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to comprehensively screen for and assess the health risks of OMPs and metals in groundwater of rural areas in China where groundwater is used for drinking so as to provide a benchmark for monitoring and improving groundwater quality in future developments. METHODS One hundred sixty-six groundwater samples were collected in the rural areas of China, and 1,300 OMPs and 25 metals were screened by GC-MS, LC-QTOF/MS, and ICP-MS analysis. To assess the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the detected pollutants, missing toxicity threshold values were extrapolated from existing databases or predicted by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to account for uncertainties in the exposure parameters and toxicity thresholds. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-three OMPs and 25 metals were detected from the 166 samples. The concentration summation for the detected OMPs ranged from 2.9 to 1.7×105ng/L among the different sampling sites. Cumulative noncarcinogenic risks for the OMPs were estimated to be negligible. However, high metal risks were calculated in 23% of the sites. Forty-two carcinogens (including 38 OMPs) were identified and the cumulative carcinogenic risks in 34% of the sites were calculated to be >10-4 (i.e., one excess cancer case in a population of 10 thousand people). The carcinogenic risks were estimated to be mainly associated with exposures to the metals, which were calculated to contribute 79% (0-100%) of the cumulative carcinogenic risks. DISCUSSION The overall status of OMPs and metals pollution in the groundwater and the corresponding health risks were determined preliminarily, which may provide a benchmark for future efforts in China to ensure the safety of drinking water for the local residents in rural areas. The joint application of QSARs and Monte Carlo simulation provided a feasible way to comprehensively assess the health risks of the large and ever-increasing number of pollutants detected in the aquatic environment. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaochen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Huaijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hanwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wee SY, Haron DEM, Aris AZ, Yusoff FM, Praveena SM. Active pharmaceutical ingredients in Malaysian drinking water: consumption, exposure, and human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:3247-3261. [PMID: 32328897 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are typical endocrine disruptors found in common pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which are frequently detected in aquatic environments, especially surface water treated for drinking. However, current treatment technologies are inefficient for removing emerging endocrine disruptors, leading to the potential contamination of tap water. This study employed an optimized analytical method comprising solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) to detect APIs in tap water in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Several therapeutic classes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, including anti-inflammatory drugs (dexamethasone and diclofenac), antibiotics (sulfamethoxazole and triclosan), antiepileptics (primidone), antibacterial agents (ciprofloxacin), beta-blockers (propranolol), psychoactive stimulants (caffeine), and antiparasitic drugs (diazinon), were detected in the range of < 0.03 to 21.39 ng/L, whereas chloramphenicol (an antibiotic) was below the detection limit (< 0.23 ng/L). A comparison with global data revealed the spatial variability of emerging tap water pollutants. Diclofenac accounted for the highest concentration (21.39 ng/L), followed by triclosan and ciprofloxacin (9.74 ng/L and 8.69 ng/L, respectively). Caffeine was observed in all field samples with the highest distribution at 35.32%. Caffeine and triclosan exhibited significantly different distributions in household tap water (p < 0.05). Humans are exposed to these APIs by drinking the tap water; however, the estimated risk was negligible (risk quotient < 1). APIs are useful water quality monitoring indicators for water resource conservation and water supply safety related to emerging organic contaminants; thus, API detection is important for safeguarding the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Didi Erwandi Mohamad Haron
- Shimadzu-UMMC Centre of Xenobiotic Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Fatimah Md Yusoff
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Robinson B, Ohashi A, Ozaki N, Kindaichi T, Farraji H, Vakili M. Pesticides in aquatic environments and their removal by adsorption methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126646. [PMID: 32276120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are widely used in agriculture, industry and households, they pose a risk to human health and ecosystems. Based on target organisms, the main types of pesticides are herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, of which herbicides accounted for 46% of the total pesticide usage worldwide. The movement of pesticides into water bodies occurs through run-off, spray drift, leaching, and sub-surface drainage, all of which have negative impacts on aquatic environments and humans. We sought to define the critical factors affecting the fluxes of contaminants into receiving waters. We also aimed to specify the feasibility of using sorbents to remove pesticides from waterways. In Karun River in Iran (1.21 × 105 ng/L), pesticide concentrations are above regulatory limits. The concentration of pesticides in fish can reach 26.1 × 103 μg/kg, specifically methoxychlor herbicide in Perca fluviatilis in Lithuania. During the last years, research has focused on elimination of organic pollutants, such as pesticides, from aqueous solution. Pesticide adsorption onto low-cost materials can effectively remediate contaminated waters. In particular, nanoparticle adsorbents and carbon-based adsorbents exhibit high performance (nearly 100%) in removing pesticides from water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Brett Robinson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Akiyoshi Ohashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kindaichi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hossein Farraji
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mohammadtaghi Vakili
- Green Intelligence Environmental School, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, China
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50
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Bhandari G, Atreya K, Scheepers PTJ, Geissen V. Concentration and distribution of pesticide residues in soil: Non-dietary human health risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126594. [PMID: 32289601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by pesticide residues is a primary concern because of the high soil persistence of pesticides and their toxicity to humans. We investigated pesticide concentration and distribution at 3 soil depths in 147 soil samples from agricultural land and assessed potential health risks due to non-dietary human exposure to pesticides in Nepal. About sixty percent of the soil samples had pesticides (25% of the soil samples had single residue, 35% of the soil samples had mixtures of 2 or more residues) in 39 different pesticide combinations. Pesticide residues were found more frequently in topsoil. Overall, the concentration of pesticides ranged from 1.0 μg kg-1 to 251 μg kg-1, with a mean of 16 μg kg-1. The concentration of the primary group, organophosphates (OPs), ranged from 1.23 μg kg-1 to 239 μg kg-1, with a mean of 23 μg kg-1. Chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP) were the predominant contaminants in soils. The ionic ratio of DDT and its degradation products suggested a continuing use of DDT in the area. Human health risk assessment of the observed pesticides in soil suggested negligible cancer risks and negligible non-cancer risks based on ingestion as the primary route of exposure. The predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) of pesticides were higher than the values found in the guidance for soil contamination used internationally. Low concentrations of residues in the soils from agricultural farms practicing integrated pest management (IPM) suggest that this farming system could reduce soil pollution in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhandari
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands; Progressive Sustainable Developers Nepal (PSD-Nepal), P.O. Box 23883, Kathmandu 31, Nepal.
| | - Kishor Atreya
- PHASE Nepal, P.O. Box 12888, Suryabinayak 4, Dadhikot, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Paul T J Scheepers
- Radboudumc, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management (SLM), Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
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