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Debroy A, Nirmala MJ, Pulimi M, Peijnenburg WJGM, Mukherjee A. Assessing the role of the graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs: Graphene, GO, rGO) in modifying the toxicity potential and environmental risk of flame retardant, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) in the marine microalgae Chlorella sp. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142491. [PMID: 38821130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing concern has emerged regarding the environmental implications of flame retardants (FRs) like tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA) and graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs), such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), on marine biota. Despite these substances' well-established individual toxicity profiles, there is a notable gap in understanding the physicochemical interactions within the binary mixtures and consequent changes in the toxicity potential. Therefore, our research focuses on elucidating the individual and combined toxicological impacts of TBBPA and GFNs on the marine alga Chlorella sp. Employing a suite of experimental methodologies, including Raman spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, electron microscopy, and chromatography, we examined the physicochemical interplay between the GFNs and TBBPA. The toxicity potentials of individual constituents and their binary combinations were assessed through growth inhibition assays, quantifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) production, photosynthetic activity analyses, and various biochemical assays. The toxicity of TBBPA and graphene-based nanomaterials (GFNs) was examined individually and in combinations. Both pristine TBBPA and GFNs showed dose-dependent toxicity. While lower TBBPA concentrations exacerbated toxicity in binary mixtures, higher TBBPA levels reduced the toxic effects compared to pristine TBBPA treatments. The principal mechanism underlying toxicity was ROS generation, resulting in membrane damage and perturbation of photosynthetic parameters. Cluster heatmap and Pearson correlation were employed to assess correlations between the biological parameters. Finally, ecological risk assessment was undertaken to evaluate environmental impacts of the individual components and the mixture in the algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhrajit Debroy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Joyce Nirmala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Mrudula Pulimi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Centre for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lu X, Yu Q, Johari SA, Wang Z. Microplastics with different functional groups modulate cellular and molecular mechanisms of reduced graphene oxide toxicity on the green microalga, Scenedesmus obliquus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108949. [PMID: 39053316 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Even though microplastics (MPs) and graphene nanomaterials (GNMs) have demonstrated individual toxicity towards aquatic organisms, the knowledge gap lies in the lack of understanding regarding their combined toxicity. The difference between the combined toxicity of MPs and GNMs, in contrast to their individual toxicities, and furthermore, the elucidation of the mechanism of this combined toxicity are scientific questions that remain to be addressed. In this study, we examined the individual and combined toxicity of three polystyrene microplastics (MPs) with different functional groups-unmodified, carboxyl-modified (COOH-), and amino-modified (NH2-) MPs-in combination with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) on the freshwater microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. More importantly, we explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the observed toxicity. The results indicated that the growth inhibition toxicity of RGO, either alone or in combination with the three MPs, against S. obliquus increased gradually with higher particle concentrations. The mitigating effect of MPs-NH2 on RGO-induced toxicity was most significant at a higher concentration, surpassing the effect of unmodified MPs. However, the MPs-COOH did not exhibit a substantial impact on the toxicity of RGO. Unmodified MPs and MPs-COOH aggravated the inhibition effects of RGO on the cell membrane integrity and oxidative stress-related biomarkers. Additionally, MPs-COOH exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on RGO-induced biomarkers compared to unmodified MPs. In contrast, the MPs-NH2 alleviated the inhibition effect of RGO on the biomarkers. Furthermore, the presence of differently functionalized MPs did not significantly affect RGO-induced oxidative stress and photosynthesis-related gene expression in S. obliquus, indicating a limited ability to modulate RGO genotoxicity at the molecular level. These findings can offer a more accurate understanding of the combined risks posed by these micro- and nano-materials and assist in designing more effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China
| | - Qi Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510535, PR China
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
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Wu R, Fang J, Xiang X, Liu H, Zhu Y, Du S. Graphene oxide influences transfer of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance genes into plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168652. [PMID: 37979849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging contaminant, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are raising concerns about its significant threat to public health. Meanwhile, graphene oxide (GO), which also has a potential ecological damage with increasingly entering the environment, has a great influence on the transfer of ARGs. However, little is known about the effects mechanisms of GO on the migration of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from bacteria into plants. In this study, we investigated the influence of GO on the transfer of ARGs carried by RP4 plasmids from Bacillus subtilis into rice plants. Our results showed that the presence of GO at concentrations ranging from 0 to 400 mg L-1 significantly reduced the transfer of ARGs into rice roots by 13-71 %. Moreover, the migration of RP4 from the roots to aboveground parts was significantly impaired by GO. These effects may be attributed to several factors. First, higher GO concentrations led to low pH in the culture solution, resulting in a substantial decrease in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Second, GO induced oxidative stress in rice, as indicated by enhanced Evans blue dye staining, and elevated levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity. The oxidative stress negatively affected plant growth, as demonstrated by the reduced fresh weight and altered lignin content in the rice. Microscopic observations confirmed the entry of GO into root cells but not leaf mesophyll cells. Furthermore, potential recipients of RP4 plasmid strains in rice after co-cultivation experiments were identified, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus cereus. These findings clarify the influence of GO on ARGs in the bacteria-plant system and emphasize the need to consider its potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Jin Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaobo Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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Xu S, Tao XY, Dang Z, Wang Y, Guan Y, Wu Z, Liu G, Tian Y, Tian LJ. Near-Native Imaging of Label-Free Silver Nanoparticles-Triggered 3D Subcellular Ultrastructural Reorganization in Microalgae. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2030-2046. [PMID: 38198284 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial orientation of nanoparticles and the corresponding subcellular architecture events favors uncovering fundamental toxic mechanisms and predicting response pathways of organisms toward environmental stressors. Herein, we map the spatial location of label-free citrate-coated Ag nanoparticles (Cit-AgNPs) and the corresponding subcellular reorganization in microalgae by a noninvasive 3D imaging approach, cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT). Cryo-SXT near-natively displays the 3D maps of Cit-AgNPs presenting in rarely identified sites, namely, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the cytoplasm. By comparative 3D morphological assay, we observe that Cit-AgNPs disrupt the cellular ultrastructural homeostasis, triggering a severe malformation of cytoplasmic organelles with energy-producing and stress-regulating functions. AgNPs exposure causes evident disruption of the chloroplast membrane, significant attenuation of the pyrenoid matrix and starch sheath, extreme swelling of starch granules and lipid droplets, and shrinkage of the nucleolus. In accompaniment, the number and volume occupancy of starch granules are significantly increased. Meanwhile, the spatial topology of starch granules extends from the chloroplast to the cytoplasm with a dispersed distribution. Linking the dynamics of the internal structure and the alteration of physiological properties, we derive a comprehensive cytotoxic and response pathway of microalgae exposed to AgNPs. This work provides a perspective for assessing the toxicity at subcellular scales to achieve label-free nanoparticle-caused ultrastructure remodeling of phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xia-Yu Tao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng Dang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - YuTing Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
- Intelligent Pathology Institute, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - YangChao Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Jiao Tian
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Debroy A, Roy N, Giri S, Pulimi M, Chandrasekaran N, Peijnenburg WJGM, Mukherjee A. EPS-corona formation on graphene family nanomaterials (GO, rGO and graphene) and its role in mitigating their toxic effects in the marine alga Chlorella sp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:123015. [PMID: 38008250 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
GFNs have widespread applications but can harm marine systems due to excessive use and improper disposal. Algae-secreted EPS can mitigate nanomaterial harm, but their impact on GFN toxicity is understudied. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the toxicity of three GFNs, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphene, in pristine and EPS-adsorbed forms in the marine alga Chlorella sp. At an environmentally relevant concentration of 1 mgL-1, all three GFNs induced considerable oxidative stress and impeded growth and photosynthetic activity of the algae. The order of the toxic potential followed GO > rGO > graphene. The various facets of adsorption of EPS (1:1 mixture of loosely bound, and tightly bound EPS) on GFNs were investigated through microscopy, surface chemical analyses, fluorescence quenching studies, and isotherm and kinetics studies. Amongst the pristine GFNs treated with algal cells, GO was found to exert the maximum negative effects on algal growth. Upon adsorption of EPS over the GFNs, a significant decline in growth inhibition was observed compared to the respective pristine forms which strongly correlated with reduced oxidative stress and enhanced photosynthetic parameters in the cells. The formation of a layer of eco-corona after interaction of GFNs with EPS possibly caused a barrier effect which in turn diminished their toxic potential. The findings from the present investigation offer valuable insights into the environmental toxicity of GFNs and show that the eco-corona formation may lessen the risk posed by these materials in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhrajit Debroy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Namrata Roy
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sayani Giri
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Mrudula Pulimi
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, 2300, RA, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Centre for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, 3720, BA, the Netherlands
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Chaloupsky P, Kolackova M, Dobesova M, Pencik O, Tarbajova V, Capal P, Svec P, Ridoskova A, Bytesnikova Z, Pelcova P, Adam V, Huska D. Mechanistic transcriptome comprehension of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii subjected to black phosphorus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115823. [PMID: 38176180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have recently gained significant awareness. A representative of such materials, black phosphorous (BP), earned attention based on its comprehensive application potential. The presented study focuses on the mode of cellular response underlying the BP interaction with Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as an algal model organism. We observed noticeable ROS formation and changes in outer cellular topology after 72 h of incubation at 5 mg/L BP. Transcriptome profiling was employed to examine C. reinhardtii response after exposure to 25 mg/L BP for a deeper understanding of the associated processes. The RNA sequencing has revealed a comprehensive response with abundant transcript downregulation. The mode of action was attributed to cell wall disruption, ROS elevation, and chloroplast disturbance. Besides many other dysregulated genes, the cell response involved the downregulation of GH9 and gametolysin within a cell wall, pointing to a shift to discrete manipulation with resources. The response also included altered expression of the PRDA1 gene associated with redox governance in chloroplasts implying ROS disharmony. Altered expression of the Cre-miR906-3p, Cre-miR910, and Cre-miR914 pointed to those as potential markers in stress response studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Chaloupsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Dobesova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Pencik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimira Tarbajova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Capal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu 241/27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Svec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ridoskova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bytesnikova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Pelcova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Huska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Ede JD, Diges AS, Zhang Y, Shatkin JA. Life-cycle risk assessment of graphene-enabled textiles in fire protection gear. NANOIMPACT 2024; 33:100488. [PMID: 37940075 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
A nanomaterial life-cycle risk assessment (Nano LCRA) of a graphene-enabled textile used in the construction of heat and fire-resistant personal protective equipment (PPE) was conducted to develop, analyze, and prioritize potential occupational, health and environmental risks. The analysis identifies potential receptors and exposure pathways at each product life-cycle stage and makes a qualitative evaluation of the potential significance of each scenario. A literature review, quality evaluation, and database were developed as part of the LCRA to identify potential hazards associated with graphene-based materials (GBMs) throughout the product life-cycle. Generally, risks identified from graphene-enabled textiles were low. Of the developed exposure scenarios, occupational inhalation exposures during raw material and product manufacturing ranked highest. The analysis identifies the key potential human and environmental hazards and exposures of the products across the product life-cycle of graphene enabled textiles. Priority research gaps to reduce uncertainty include evaluating long-term, low dose graphene exposures typical of the workplace, as well as the potential release and hazard characterization of graphene-acrylic nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yueyang Zhang
- Vireo Advisors LLC, Boston, MA 02205, USA; University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Gao X, Feng W, Zhang J, Zhang H, Huo S. Synthesis of Cu 2+ doped biochar and its inactivation performance of Microcystis aeruginosa: Significance of synergetic effect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122186. [PMID: 37442327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The harmful cyanobacteria bloom is frequently occurring in the aquatic environment and poses a tremendous threat to both aquatic organisms and ecological function. In this study, a series of Cu2+ doped biochar (BC) composites (Cu-BCs) with different loading ratios (0.1 %-5 wt %) (Cu-BC-0.1/0.5/1/2.5/5) was successfully fabricated through a one-step adsorption method for in-situ inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa and simultaneous removal of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Compared with the single BC/CuSO4 and other Cu-BCs composites, the Cu-BC-2.5 exhibited the best algae inactivation performance with the lowest 72 h medium effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.34 mg/L and highest chlorophyll α degradation efficiency of 8.31 g/g. Notably, the as-prepared Cu-BC-2.5 maintained good inactivation performance in the near-neutral pH (6.5-8.5), and the presence of humic acid and salts such as Na2CO3 and NaCl. The outstanding inhibitory effect of the Cu-BC-2.5 could be explained by the synergetic effect between biochar and Cu2+, which greatly elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) intensity and in turn led to severe membrane damage and collapse of the antioxidant system. Additionally, the Cu-BC-2.5 could simultaneously remove the released microcystin-LR (MC-LR) throughout the inactivation process and prevent secondary pollution, thus offering a new insight into the alleviation of harmful cyanobacteria in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China; State Key Laboratory for Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weiying Feng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingtian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hanxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China.
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Bytešníková Z, Koláčková M, Dobešová M, Švec P, Ridošková A, Pekárková J, Přibyl J, Cápal P, Húska D, Adam V, Richtera L. New insight into the biocompatibility/toxicity of graphene oxides and their reduced forms on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. NANOIMPACT 2023; 31:100468. [PMID: 37209721 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxides (GOs) and their reduced forms are often discussed both positively and negatively due to the lack of information about their chemistry and structure. This study utilized GOs with two sheet sizes that were further reduced by two reducing agents (sodium borohydride and hydrazine) to obtain two different degrees of reduction. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy (RA) to understand their chemistry and structure. The second focus of our investigation included in vitro testing of the biocompatibility/toxicity of these materials on a model organism, the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The effects were studied on the basis of biological endpoints complemented by biomass investigation (FTIR spectroscopy, EA, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)). The results showed that the biocompatibility/toxicity of GOs is dependent on their chemistry and structure and that it is impossible to generalize the toxicity of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Bytešníková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Koláčková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Dobešová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ridošková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pekárková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Přibyl
- CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A35, 62 500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cápal
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Slechtitelu 241/27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Húska
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Richtera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Mahaye N, Musee N. Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles. TOXICS 2023; 11:283. [PMID: 36977048 PMCID: PMC10058573 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide engineered nanoparticles (nCeO2) are widely used in various applications and are, also, increasingly being detected in different environmental matrixes. However, their impacts on the aquatic environment remain poorly quantified. Hence, there is a need to investigate their effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Here, we evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of <25 nm uncoated-nCeO2 on algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Apical (growth and chlorophyll a (Chl a) content) and genotoxic effects were investigated at 62.5-1000 µg/L after 72 and 168 h. Results demonstrated that nCeO2 induced significant growth inhibition after 72 h and promotion post 96-168 h. Conversely, nCeO2 induced enhanced Chl a content post 72 h, but no significant changes were observed between nCeO2-exposed and control samples after 168 h. Hence, the results indicate P. subcapitata photosynthetic system recovery ability to nCeO2 effects under chronic-exposure conditions. RAPD-PCR profiles showed the appearance and/or disappearance of normal bands relative to controls; indicative of DNA damage and/or DNA mutation. Unlike cell recovery observed post 96 h, DNA damage persisted over 168 h. Thus, sub-lethal nCeO2-induced toxicological effects may pose a more serious threat to algae than at present anticipated.
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Shi J, Xun M, Song J, Li J, Zhang W, Yang H. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes promote the accumulation, distribution, and assimilation of 15N-KNO 3 in Malus hupehensis by entering the roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1131978. [PMID: 36968357 PMCID: PMC10033859 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multi-walled nanotubes (MWCNTs) consist of multiple rolled layers of graphene. Nitrogen plays an important role in apple growth. The effect of MWCNTs on nitrogen utilization in apple needs to be further investigated. METHODS In this study, the woody plant Malus hupehensis seedlings were used as plant materials, the distribution of MWCNTs in the roots was observed, and the effects of MWCNTs on the accumulation, distribution, and assimilation of nitrate by the seedlings were explored. RESULTS The results showed that MWCNTs could penetrate the roots of Malus hupehensis seedlings, and the 50, 100, and 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs significantly promoted the root growth of seedlings, increased root number, root activity, fresh weight, and nitrate content of seedlings, and also increased nitrate reductase activity, free amino acid, and soluble protein content of roots and leaves. 15N tracer experiments indicated that MWCNTs decreased the distribution ratio of 15N-KNO3 in Malus hupehensis roots but increased its distribution ratio in stems and leaves. MWCNTs improved the utilization ratio of 15N-KNO3 in Malus hupehensis seedlings, with the values being increased by 16.19%, 53.04%, and 86.44% following the 50, 100, and 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs, respectively. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that MWCNTs significantly affected the expression of genes (MhNRTs) related to nitrate uptake and transport in roots and leaves, and MhNRT1.4, MhNRT1.7, MhNRT1.8, MhNRT2.1, MhNRT2.5, and MhNRT2.7 were notably up-regulated in response to 200 µg·mL-1 MWCNTs. Raman analysis and transmission electron microscopy images indicated that MWCNTs could enter the root tissue of Malus hupehensis and were distributed between the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. Pearson correlation analysis showed that root tip number, root fractal dimension, and root activity were the main factors affecting root uptake and assimilation of nitrate. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MWCNTs promoted root growth by entering the root, stimulated the expression of MhNRTs, and increased NR activity, thereby enhancing the uptake, distribution, and assimilation of nitrate by root, and ultimately improved the utilization of 15N-KNO3 by Malus hupehensis seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Weiwei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Hongqiang Yang, ; Weiwei Zhang,
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12
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Connolly M, Moles G, Carniel FC, Tretiach M, Caorsi G, Flahaut E, Soula B, Pinelli E, Gauthier L, Mouchet F, Navas JM. Applicability of OECD TG 201, 202, 203 for the aquatic toxicity testing and assessment of 2D Graphene material nanoforms to meet regulatory needs. NANOIMPACT 2023; 29:100447. [PMID: 36563784 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tests using algae and/or cyanobacteria, invertebrates (crustaceans) and fish form the basic elements of an ecotoxicological assessment in a number of regulations, in particular for classification of a substance as hazardous or not to the aquatic environment according to the Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS-CLP) (GHS, 2022) and the REACH regulation (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, EC, 2006). Standardised test guidelines (TGs) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) are available to address the regulatory relevant endpoints of growth inhibition in algae and cyanobacteria (TG 201), acute toxicity to invertebrates (TG 202), and acute toxicity in fish (TG 203). Applying these existing OECD TGs for testing two dimensional (2D) graphene nanoforms may require more attention, additional considerations and/or adaptations of the protocols, because graphene materials are often problematic to test due to their unique attributes. In this review a critical analysis of all existing studies and approaches to testing used has been performed in order to comment on the current state of the science on testing and the overall ecotoxicity of 2D graphene materials. Focusing on the specific tests and available guidance's, a complete evaluation of aquatic toxicity testing for hazard classification of 2D graphene materials, as well as the use of alternative tests in an integrated approach to testing and assessment, has been made. This information is essential to ensure future assessments generate meaningful data that will fulfil regulatory requirements for the safe use of this "wonder" material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Connolly
- INIA-CSIC, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ctra. de La Coruña, km 7, 5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - G Moles
- INIA-CSIC, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ctra. de La Coruña, km 7, 5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - F Candotto Carniel
- UNITS, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - M Tretiach
- UNITS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - G Caorsi
- UNITS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - E Flahaut
- CNRS CIRIMAT/ECOLAB, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie en Matériaux (CIRIMAT)/Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, 16 Av Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - B Soula
- CNRS CIRIMAT/ECOLAB, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie en Matériaux (CIRIMAT)/Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, 16 Av Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - E Pinelli
- CNRS CIRIMAT/ECOLAB, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie en Matériaux (CIRIMAT)/Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, 16 Av Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - L Gauthier
- CNRS CIRIMAT/ECOLAB, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie en Matériaux (CIRIMAT)/Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, 16 Av Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - F Mouchet
- CNRS CIRIMAT/ECOLAB, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Inter-universitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie en Matériaux (CIRIMAT)/Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, 16 Av Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - J M Navas
- INIA-CSIC, Department of Environment and Agronomy, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ctra. de La Coruña, km 7, 5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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You X, Chen C, Yang L, Xia X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Physiological and morphological responses of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to different exposure methods of graphene oxide quantum dots. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158722. [PMID: 36108851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) can convert the ultraviolet (200- 380 nm) into available wavelength (400- 700 nm) for microalgae cultivation. However, it has not been applied in large-scale microalgae culture due to its high cost and difficulties in recovery. This study proposed a new strategy for the sustainable use of GOQDs, namely, GOQDs solution was added to the outer sandwich of the reactor. Herein, the effects of direct and indirect exposure of different GOQDs concentrations (0, 100, and 1000 mg/L) on the microalgae culture were compared. When microalgae were directly exposed to the GOQDs, 100 mg/L of GOQDs increased the biomass production of microalgae by 24.0 %, while 1000 mg/L of GOQDs decreased biomass production by 31 %. High concentration of GOQDs (direct exposure) could cause extra oxidative stress in the microalgae cells and result in a significant reduction of pigment content. When microalgae were indirectly exposed to the GOQDs, the increased concentration of GOQDs enhanced the growth of microalgae. Compared to the blank group, 1000 mg/L of GOQDs increased the microalgae biomass production and bioenergy by 14.1 % and 40.17 %, respectively. The indirect exposure of GOQDs can effectively avoid photo-oxidation and organelle damage to the microalgae cells. Overall, the indirect exposure of GOQDs is a sustainable way for effectively promoting microalgae growth and reducing the application cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Can Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xuefen Xia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai 200092, China
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14
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Xie L, Ma Z, Yang G, Huang Y, Wen T, Deng Y, Sun J, Zheng S, Wu F, Huang K, Shao J. Study on the inhibition mechanism of eucalyptus tannins against Microcystis aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114452. [PMID: 38321671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is the competitively dominant algal species in eutrophic waters and poses a serious threat to the aquatic ecological environment. To investigate the effects of eucalyptus tannins (TFL) and black water in eucalyptus plantations on M. aeruginosa, this study exposed M. aeruginosa to different concentrations (0 (control), 20, 50, 80, 110, and 140 mg L-1) of tannic acid (TA; hydrolyzed tannins, HT; reagent tannin), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; condensed tannins, CT; reagent tannin), eucalyptus tannins (TFL, complex tannin) and mixed TFL + Fe3+ solution (tannin: Fe3+ molar ratio = 1:10). The cell density, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein (SP) contents of algae under tannin stress were determined, and the algal cell density treated with under the combination of TFL and Fe3+ was determined. The results showed a reduction in the Chl-a content of algal cells, which inhibited photosynthesis; leading to membrane lipid peroxidation; and the complexation of soluble proteins resulting in blocked protein synthesis were the main mechanisms by which tannins inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa. TFL achieved the same inhibition of algal cells as the tannin reagent at the same concentration. At 4 d, TFL at 80 mg L-1 and above could achieve more than 54.87 % algal density inhibition. The inhibition rate of 80 mg L-1 and above TFL + Fe3+ on algal density was more than 75 %, indicating that TFL + Fe3+ had a stronger inhibitory effect on algal density. The results may facilitate the resource utilization of eucalyptus harvesting residues, explorations of the potential application of eucalyptus tannins in the control of M. aeruginosa, and provide new ideas for ecological algal inhibition in eucalyptus plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhengxin Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Gairen Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tianyi Wen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yusong Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jingchao Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Siyu Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Huang
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Jinhua Shao
- China Guangxi Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanning 530023, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures Nanning, 530023, China
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Zhu YX, Weng YN, Zhang SY, Liu LJ, Du ST. The nitrate uptake and growth of wheat were more inhibited under single-layer graphene oxide stress compared to multi-layer graphene oxide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114229. [PMID: 36306614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the phytotoxicity of graphene-based materials has been investigated extensively, the effects of different graphene-based materials on nutrient uptake in plants remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the differences in phytotoxicity between single-layer graphene oxide (sGO) and multi-layer graphene oxide (mGO) by analyzing the growth status and nitrate (NO3-) accumulation in wheat plants at 0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg L-1 graphene oxide supply. Both sGO and mGO displayed concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on biomass, root length, number of lateral roots, and nitrogen (N) nutrient status. Treatment with 400 mg L-1 sGO caused 0.9-, 1.3-, and 1-fold higher reductions in NO3--N, assimilated N, and total N concentrations in roots, respectively, than mGO treatment. Analysis of root oxidative stress and in situ NO3- uptake revealed that sGO caused more significant damage to the root tip and a lower NO3- net influx rate than mGO. In addition, the expression of NO3- transporter (NRT) genes in roots, including NRT1.5, NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NRT2.3, and NRT2.4, under sGO treatment were lower than those under mGO treatment. Overall, sGO treatment induced a more severe inhibitory effect on root growth and NO3- uptake and accumulation than mGO treatment, accompanied by significant suppression of the expression of NRTs in sGO-treated roots. This study provides a physiological and molecular basis for studying the phytotoxic effects of various sizes of graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yi Neng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Si Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Li Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Shao Ting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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16
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Fang J, Weng Y, Li B, Liu H, Liu L, Tian Z, Du S. Graphene oxide decreases the abundance of nitrogen cycling microbes and slows nitrogen transformation in soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136642. [PMID: 36202372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely used in many applications due to its excellent properties. Given the extensive production and use of this nanomaterial, its release into the environment is inevitable. However, little is known about the effects of GO on microbial nitrogen transformation and the related processes after GO enters the soil environment. The present study showed that GO significantly reduced soil microbial biomass and caused a decline in microbial diversity after the soils were subjected to various GO concentrations (10, 100, and 1000 mg kg-1) for 4 months. Among them, the abundances of nitrogen transformation related bacteria such as Firmicutes, Nitrospirota, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota, and Cyanobacteria were significantly decreased with GO incubation. Among the enzymes that are related to nitrogen transformation, nitrate reductase was the most sensitive even at low concentrations of GO, followed by ammonia monooxygenase and urease, which were reduced by 13-31%, 5-26%, and 9-19% respectively, than those of the control. We found that high concentrations of GO significantly increased the retention of soil urea by 32-59%, and the contents of ammonium and nitrate were 22-28% and 55-69% lower compared to those of the control, respectively. Moreover, the response of most of the indicators in the above process to multilayer GO was more significant than that to single layer GO. Overall, this study provides new insights into the comprehensive understanding of GO's impacts on the soil nitrogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yineng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Beier Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zhongling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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17
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Lau ZL, Low SS, Ezeigwe ER, Chew KW, Chai WS, Bhatnagar A, Yap YJ, Show PL. A review on the diverse interactions between microalgae and nanomaterials: Growth variation, photosynthetic performance and toxicity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 351:127048. [PMID: 35337989 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vast improvements in nanotechnology have led to the wide usage of nanomaterials (NMs) in daily products. This study reviews the interactions between NMs and microalgae in terms of impacts on growth and photosynthetic efficiency, and their toxicity on microalgae. All types of NMs such as carbon-based NMs (CNMs), metal oxide-based NMs (MONMs) and noble metal-based NMs (NMNMs) improve microalgal growth and photosynthetic efficiency at low concentration, typically ranging between 1 and 15 mg/L depending on the type of NMs, due to hormetic responses by microalgae. Higher concentrations of NMs have been found to reduce photosynthetic efficiency and subsequent growth inhibition of microalgae. MONMs-microalgae and NMNMs-microalgae interactions focus on membrane alteration, whereas carbon-based NMs-microalgae focus more on shading effect. The toxicity of each type of NMs on microalgae is in the order rGO > GO > MG > CNT for carbon-based NMs, ZnO > TiO2 > CuO > Fe2O3 for MONMs and Ag > Au > Pt for NMNMs. Incorporation of NMs in microalgae are seen to have promising future on producing higher microalgae yield with increased economic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Lin Lau
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Research Centre of Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ejikeme Raphael Ezeigwe
- Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; Zhaoqing Leoch Battery Technology Co. Ltd., 518000 Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wai Siong Chai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Yee Jiun Yap
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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18
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Xiao X, Wang X, Liu L, Chen C, Sha A, Li J. Effects of three graphene-based materials on the growth and photosynthesis of Brassica napus L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113383. [PMID: 35276609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The environmental safety and threats of graphene-based materials (GBMs) to the agroecosystem have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of GBMs on plants remain unclear. Here, we investigated the phytotoxicity of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), graphene oxide (GO) and amine-functionalized graphene (G-NH2) on Brassica napus L. The results revealed that RGO impaired photosynthesis mainly by decreasing the chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity. A further gene-level analysis suggested that this effect of RGO might be due to its toxicity on sulfate transmembrane transporter and nitrogen metabolism, which ultimately led to nutrient imbalance. However, GO directly damaged the photosystem by disrupting the chloroplast structure, and a decrease in Rubisco activity indicated that GO also inhibits carbon fixation. Further gene-level analysis demonstrated that GO has toxicity on the chloroplast membrane, photosystem, photosynthethic electron transport and F-type ATPase. In addition, G-NH2 at 10-1000 mg L-1 showed no significant toxicity. These findings shed light on the potential mechanism for the toxicity of GBMs on plants for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Aihua Sha
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430062, China.
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19
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Yan Z, Yang X, Lynch I, Cui F. Comparative evaluation of the mechanisms of toxicity of graphene oxide and graphene oxide quantum dots to blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa in the aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127898. [PMID: 34894507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the diverse applications, graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs) have a high probability of release into the aquatic system, potentially posing risks to the aquatic environment. The acute effects on single-celled Microcystis aeruginosa by graphene oxide (GO) or graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) were compared in the present study. GOQDs dispersed more effectively in water than GO at all pH values tested. The 96-hour median effective concentration (EC50) of GO and GOQDs were determined to be 49.32 and 22.46 mg/L, respectively. Both GO and GOQDs were internalized by heteroagglomeration and envelopment processes, with GOQDs inducing stronger upregulation of cell permeability, plasmolysis and lipid bodies than GO. Cracking of thylakoid layers, disappearance of nucleoid, and disintegration of cell infrastructure were observed at higher concentrations. In comparison to GO, GOQDs induced higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and disrupted antioxidant enzymes, leading to the inhibition of cellular contents such as chlorophyll a and proteins. Furthermore, both GO and GOQDs adsorbed nutrients from the algal medium, resulting in nutrient depletion-induced indirect toxicity, with GOQDs depleting more nutrients than GO. The current study provides new understanding of nanotoxicity of GO and GOQD and aids in the potential risks of nanomaterials in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongda Yan
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Fuyi Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Zhang C, Li H, Li Y, Li Z, Mo F, Deng N, Xu J, Wang P. Toxicity of BPNSs against Chlorella vulgaris: Oxidative damage, physical damage and self-protection mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 174:63-72. [PMID: 35149438 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) has extensive application prospect in the fields of optoelectronics and biomedicine, due to its unique physicochemical properties. Therefore, a systematic toxic study is necessary to assess its environmental safety. Herein, BPNSs was prepared by liquid exfoliation procedure, the primary producer Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was used as a test subject. After the exposure for 120 h at 15, 45 and 75 mg/L BPNSs, the cell viabilities were 45.05%, 18.86% and 4.60% for each treatment group, respectively. The extent of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative damage in C. vulgaris was confirmed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, followed by determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Morphological analysis results (i.e., SEM and TEM) showed that BPNSs adhered to the cell surface and enter the cell to severely damage cell structure. Furthermore, BPNSs were shown to accelerate apoptosis in C. vulgaris by flow cytometry analysis. Finally, GC-MS was used to explore the metabolic regulatory mechanism of C. vulgaris in response to BPNSs stress. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for subsequent studies on the potential enrichment risk of BPNSs in the water environmental food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Fan Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ningcan Deng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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21
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Liu Y, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Lin X, Li Q, Zhu Y. A high stability GO nanofiltration membrane preparation by co-deposition and crosslinking polydopamine for rejecting dyes. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:1783-1799. [PMID: 35358071 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the stability of nanofiltration membrane in separation and purification, a novel polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofiltration membrane was facilely prepared by co-deposition of polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane substrate, followed by immersing graphene oxide (GO) solution, and crosslinking PDA. The modified surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle, their saline flux and ability to reject salt and dye were determined. The results also exhibited salt rejection ability as Na2SO4 > K2SO4 > MgSO4 > NaCl > KCl > MgCl2, suggesting the higher rejection of divalent anion. Also, the retention order of the dye by the GO modified membrane is DY86 > DB19 > AG27 > DY142 > DB56 > AR151 > VB5, indicating that the GO modified membrane has better rejection of negatively charged dyes as well as higher molecular weight dyes. Ethanol and hypochlorite resistance tests under different pH conditions showed the membranes coated GO enhanced stability in regard to salt rejection properties. Significantly, the anti-biological test confirmed the growth rate of microalgae on the GO introduced membrane was decreased greatly due to enhanced stability and lower roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Zhonghua Huang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Xiaolu Lin
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Qunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
| | - Yihang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China E-mail:
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22
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Zheng X, Xu Z, Zhao D, Luo Y, Lai C, Huang B, Pan X. Double-dose responses of Scenedesmus capricornus microalgae exposed to humic acid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150547. [PMID: 34582877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been found to attenuate the ecotoxicity of various environmental pollutants, but research on its own toxic effects in aquatic ecosystems has been very limited. Herein, the toxic effects of humic acid (HA), a represent DOM typically found in natural waters, on the freshwater alga Scenedesmus capricornus were investigated. As result, HA exerted a double-dose effect on the growth of Scenedesmus capricornus. At HA concentrations below 2.0 mgC/L, the growth of Scenedesmus capricornus was slightly promoted, as was the synthesis of chlorophyll and macromolecules in the algae. Moreover, S. capricornus can maintain its growth by secreting fulvic acid as a nutrient carbon source. However, the growth of Scenedesmus capricornus was significantly inhibited when HA was beyond 2.0 mgC/L. The main mechanisms of humic acid's toxicity were membrane damage and oxidative stress. Particularly, when the oxidative stress exceeds the algae's carrying capacity, the synthesis of EPS is greatly inhibited and HA damage results. Taken together, DOM may have both positive and negative effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyao Zheng
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Dimeng Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Yu Luo
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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23
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Li D, Zhou Q, Hu X, Mu L, Zeng H, Luo J. Environmental decomposition and remodeled phytotoxicity of framework-based nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126846. [PMID: 34416702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention for use in environmental applications (e.g., pollutant adsorption and photocatalysis in water treatments). The environmental stability and toxicity of ZIFs are key prerequisites for their practical applications, but information about these factors is largely lacking. The present work finds that pristine ZIFs (ZIF-8 and ZIF-67) photodegrade from frame structures into two-dimensional nanosheets and are oxidized to zinc carbonate (ZIF-8) and Co3O4 (ZIF-67) under visible-light irradiation. The photoinduced electrons, holes and free radicals promote dissolution of the metal cores and organic ligands, leading to collapse of the frame structure. The photodegradation of ZIF-8 alleviates developmental inhibition, oxidative stress, plasmolysis, and photosynthetic toxicity, while the photodegradation of ZIF-67 aggravates nanotoxicity. The integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis reveals that unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metal ion-binding transcription contribute to the altered toxicity of ZIF photodegradation. These findings highlight the roles of photodegradation in structural transformation and alteration of the toxicity of ZIFs, alarming the study of pristine metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China.
| | - Li Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-product, Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 30080 Tianjin, China
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24
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Lee JY, Kim MJ, Chung H. Effects of Graphene Oxide on Germination and Early Growth of Plants. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:5282-5288. [PMID: 33875119 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its excellent material properties such as large surface area and superb mechanical and thermal characteristics, graphene oxide (GO) is likely to be applied in a variety of environmental fields. These applications may lead to the entrance of GO in terrestrial ecosystems, but there is little research regarding the impact of GO on plants upon such entrances. To analyze the effects of GO on the germination and growth of various plants, the changes in lettuce, radish, perennial ryegrass, alfalfa, and cucumber seeds under GO treatment was studied. Germination rate and growth were analyzed after the seeds were exposed to GO at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg ml-1. For lettuce, the germination rate decreased with GO concentration. However, no significant effects were observed on the germination rate of other plants. On the other hand, the growth of lettuce, alfalfa, and radish decreased under GO treatment. For example, at 1.6 mg ml-1 of GO, the length of shoot and root of lettuce was shortened by 87% and 86%, respectively. Such results indicate that the germination and early growth of plants can be negatively affected in a species-specific manner under high concentrations of GO. Hence, we anticipate that our results may assist in supplementing the legal regulations for the proper disposal of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Haegeun Chung
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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25
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Li H, Yao J, Duran R, Liu J, Min N, Chen Z, Zhu X, Zhao C, Ma B, Pang W, Li M, Cao Y, Liu B. Toxic response of the freshwater green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa to combined effect of flotation reagent butyl xanthate and nickel. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117285. [PMID: 33984773 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Butyl Xanthate (BX) is a typical flotation reagent used to extract non-ferrous nickel ores, discharged into the surrounding environment of mining areas in large quantities. However, few studies have focused on the toxicity of combined pollution of BX and nickel (Ni) on aquatic plants, especially phytoplankton, the main producer of aquatic ecosystems. The toxicity and potential mechanism of single and combined pollution of BX and Ni at different concentrations (0-20 mg L-1) on typical freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) were studied. BX slightly stimulated the growth of C. pyrenoidosa on the first day, but Ni and Ni/BX mixture significantly inhibited it during incubation. Results showed that the inhibition rate (I) of the pollutants on the growth of C. pyrenoidosa followed the order: Ni/BX mixture > Ni > BX. The 96-h 20% effective inhibitory concentrations (96h-EC20) of Ni and BX on C. pyrenoidosa growth were 3.86 mg L-1 and 19.25 mg L-1, respectively, indicating C. pyrenoidosa was sensitive to pollutants. The content of total soluble protein (TSP) and chlorophyll a (Chl-a) changed significantly, which may be caused by the damage of pollutants to cell structures (cell membranes and chloroplasts). In addition, the I of pollutants on C. pyrenoidosa growth was related to dose, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The increasement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), and MDA content, suggested C. pyrenoidosa suffered from oxidative stress, leading to lipid oxidation. These results will help to understand the toxicity mechanism of pollutants in typical mining areas and assess the environmental risks of pollutants to primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Robert Duran
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China; Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013, Pau Cedex, France
| | - Jianli Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Min
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Wancheng Pang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Bang Liu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083, Beijing, China
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26
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Ismaiel MMS, El-Ayouty YM, Fathey HA. Disparity of the carotenoids antioxidant properties of wild-type and D-PSY-transgenic Dunaliella parva strains under three environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2151-2163. [PMID: 34744358 PMCID: PMC8526634 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01077-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Two strains of the halophilic alga Dunaliella parva, a wild type (WT) and a transgenic strain (D-PSY) containing an exogenous phytoene synthase gene (PSY), were used to investigate the growth, carotenoid accumulation, and carotenoid antioxidant properties under nitrogen starvation, cobalt and biochar treatments. D-PSY had higher carotenoid content (1.8 times) compared to the WT. The applied stressors stimulated the carotenoid content of both WT and D-PSY especially. The carotenoids were assayed for the potential antioxidant activities by five different assays. Generally, the antioxidant activities of D-PSY carotenoids were superior to that of WT. The biochar and nitrogen treatments generally enhanced the antioxidant activities of the carotenoids, whereas cobalt came third in this respect. The D-PSY transgenic algal strain has both high carotenoids content and antioxidant properties which enhanced under the relatively lower concentrations of the applied stressors. The results have shown to lead to an accurate application of the transgenic alga as a source of potent antioxidant compounds. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01077-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M. S. Ismaiel
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Yassin M. El-Ayouty
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Fathey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
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27
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Jiang T, Amadei CA, Lin Y, Gou N, Rahman SM, Lan J, Vecitis CD, Gu AZ. Dependence of Graphene Oxide (GO) Toxicity on Oxidation Level, Elemental Composition, and Size. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910578. [PMID: 34638921 PMCID: PMC8508828 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mass production of graphene oxide (GO) unavoidably elevates the chance of human exposure, as well as the possibility of release into the environment with high stability, raising public concern as to its potential toxicological risks and the implications for humans and ecosystems. Therefore, a thorough assessment of GO toxicity, including its potential reliance on key physicochemical factors, which is lacking in the literature, is of high significance and importance. In this study, GO toxicity, and its dependence on oxidation level, elemental composition, and size, were comprehensively assessed. A newly established quantitative toxicogenomic-based toxicity testing approach, combined with conventional phenotypic bioassays, were employed. The toxicogenomic assay utilized a GFP-fused yeast reporter library covering key cellular toxicity pathways. The results reveal that, indeed, the elemental composition and size do exert impacts on GO toxicity, while the oxidation level exhibits no significant effects. The UV-treated GO, with significantly higher carbon-carbon groups and carboxyl groups, showed a higher toxicity level, especially in the protein and chemical stress categories. With the decrease in size, the toxicity level of the sonicated GOs tended to increase. It is proposed that the covering and subsequent internalization of GO sheets might be the main mode of action in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
| | - Carlo Alberto Amadei
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (C.A.A.); (C.D.V.)
| | - Yishan Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Z.G.)
| | - Na Gou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sheikh Mokhlesur Rahman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jiaqi Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (T.J.); (N.G.); (S.M.R.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chad D. Vecitis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; (C.A.A.); (C.D.V.)
| | - April Z. Gu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (A.Z.G.)
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28
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Chang F, Xie P, Liu Q, Duan L, Wu H, Zhang X, Peng W, Liu F, Xu L. In-situ responses of phytoplankton to graphene photocatalysis in the eutrophic lake Xingyun, southwestern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130489. [PMID: 33839388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene photocatalysis is receiving increased attention for its potential to be used as a novel green technology for mitigating harmful algae in highly eutrophic waters. However, graphene is seldom applied to in situ aquatic ecosystems for environmental applications. Here, the impacts of graphene photocatalysis on phytoplankton and environmental conditions were evaluated through an in situ macrocosm experiment in the eutrophic Lake Xingyun, southwestern China. The graphene photocatalysis treated area had significantly reduced conductivity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphorus concentrations, as well as increased dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations. The abundances of all species of the genus Microcystis were significantly reduced in the graphene photocatalysis-treated area; in contrast, the abundances of all species of the diazotrophic genera, including Anabaena and Aphanizomenon, greatly increased after treatment with graphene photocatalysis. Eukaryotic algae, especially Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta and Pyrrophyta, as well as Cryptophyta, had significantly higher abundances in the graphene photocatalysis-treated area, whereas most of the eutrophic diatom species had lower abundances in the treated area. These observed differences in eukaryotic algae between the two groups might be related to their sensitivity to graphene photocatalysis and their tolerance of nutrients. Generally, graphene photocatalysis can make a great contribution to the improvement of eutrophic water, as evidenced by the reduction in cyanobacteria abundance and phosphorus concentration, as well as the increase in species richness and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the treated area. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences in phytoplankton community structure and environmental conditions require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Fengqin Chang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Ping Xie
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Lizeng Duan
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Han Wu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Fengwen Liu
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Jiangsu Shuangliang Graphene Photocatalytic Technology Co. LTD., Jiangyin, 214444, China
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29
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Wang Z, Zhang F, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Graphene nanoplatelets and reduced graphene oxide elevate the microalgal cytotoxicity of nano-zirconium oxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130015. [PMID: 33690035 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Novel products often have a multitude of nanomaterials embedded; likewise within many products graphite-based products are decorated with nano-zirconium oxide (nZrO2) because graphene is an ultrahigh conductive material whereas nZrO2 is for instance fire-retardant. As a consequence, the pristine/isolated nanoparticle has unique beneficial properties but it is no longer the only compound that needs to be considered in risk assessment. Data on joint toxicological implications are particularly important for the hazard assessment of multicomponent nanomaterials. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxicity induced by the co-occurrence of nZrO2 and two graphene nanomaterials including graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to the freshwater algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Exposure to GNPs and/or RGO induced enhanced cytotoxicity of nZrO2 to the algae. Intracellular oxidative stress and cellular membrane functional changes in C. pyrenoidosa were the reason for the enhancement of toxicity induced by the binary mixtures of GNPs/RGO and nZrO2. Furthermore, mitochondria-generated ROS played a major role in regulating the treatment-induced cellular response in the algae. Observations of cellular superficial- and ultra-structures indicated that the binary mixtures provoked oxidative damage to the algal cells. RGO increased the cytotoxicity and the extent of cellular oxidative stress to a higher extent than GNPs. These findings provide new insights that are of use in the risk assessment of mixtures of graphene-based carbon nanomaterials and other ENPs, and fit the new ideas on product testing that respects the combination effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, PR China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Evariste L, Braylé P, Mouchet F, Silvestre J, Gauthier L, Flahaut E, Pinelli E, Barret M. Graphene-Based Nanomaterials Modulate Internal Biofilm Interactions and Microbial Diversity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:623853. [PMID: 33841352 PMCID: PMC8032548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBMs), such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), possess unique properties triggering high expectations for the development of new technological applications and are forecasted to be produced at industrial-scale. This raises the question of potential adverse outcomes on living organisms and especially toward microorganisms constituting the basis of the trophic chain in ecosystems. However, investigations on GBMs toxicity were performed on various microorganisms using single species that are helpful to determine toxicity mechanisms but fail to predict the consequences of the observed effects at a larger organization scale. Thus, this study focuses on the ecotoxicological assessment of GO and rGO toward a biofilm composed of the diatom Nitzschia palea associated to a bacterial consortium. After 48 and 144 h of exposure to these GBMs at 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg.L−1, their effects on the diatom physiology, the structure, and the metabolism of bacterial communities were measured through the use of flow cytometry, 16S amplicon sequencing, and Biolog ecoplates, respectively. The exposure to both of these GBMs stimulated the diatom growth. Besides, GO exerted strong bacterial growth inhibition as from 1 mg.L−1, influenced the taxonomic composition of diatom-associated bacterial consortium, and increased transiently the bacterial activity related to carbon cycling, with weak toxicity toward the diatom. On the contrary, rGO was shown to exert a weaker toxicity toward the bacterial consortium, whereas it influenced more strongly the diatom physiology. When compared to the results from the literature using single species tests, our study suggests that diatoms benefited from diatom-bacteria interactions and that the biofilm was able to maintain or recover its carbon-related metabolic activities when exposed to GBMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauris Evariste
- Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Braylé
- Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Mouchet
- Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Silvestre
- Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laury Gauthier
- Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N°5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Pinelli
- Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maialen Barret
- Laboratoire d'écologie fonctionnelle et environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Cruces E, Barrios AC, Cahue YP, Januszewski B, Gilbertson LM, Perreault F. Similar toxicity mechanisms between graphene oxide and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Microcystis aeruginosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129137. [PMID: 33288276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic microorganisms, the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is typically characterized by a decrease in growth, viability, photosynthesis, as well as the induction of oxidative stress. However, it is currently unclear how the shape of the carbon structure in CNMs, such as in the 1-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) compared to the two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO), affects the way they interact with cells. In this study, the effects of GO and oxidized multi-walled CNTs were compared in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa to determine the similarities or differences in how the two CNMs interact with and induce toxicity to cyanobacteria. Using change in Chlorophyll a concentrations, the effective concentrations inducing 50% inhibition (EC50) at 96 h are found to be 11.1 μg/mL and 7.38 μg/mL for GO and CNTs, respectively. The EC50 of the two CNMs were not found to be statistically different. Changes in fluorescein diacetate and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence, measured at the EC50 concentrations, suggest a decrease in esterase enzyme activity but no oxidative stress. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy imaging did not show extensive membrane damage in cells exposed to GO or CNTs. Altogether, the decrease in metabolic activity and photosynthetic activity without oxidative stress or membrane damage support the hypothesis that both GO and CNTs induced indirect toxicity through physical mechanisms associated with light shading and cell aggregation. This indirect toxicity explains why the intrinsic differences in shape, size, and surface properties between CNTs and GO did not result in differences in how they induce toxicity to cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Cruces
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapo, Chile
| | - Ana C Barrios
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States
| | - Yaritza P Cahue
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States
| | - Brielle Januszewski
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States
| | - Leanne M Gilbertson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - François Perreault
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, United States.
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Chakraborty D, Ethiraj KR, Chandrasekaran N, Mukherjee A. Mitigating the toxic effects of CdSe quantum dots towards freshwater alga Scenedesmus obliquus: Role of eco-corona. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116049. [PMID: 33213955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of semiconducting nanoparticles such as quantum dots in biomedical and industrial products can lead to their inadvertent release into the freshwater system. Natural exudates in the aquatic system comprising extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and protein-rich metabolites can eventually adsorb onto the quantum dots (QDs) surface and form an eco-corona. The alterations in the physio-chemical and toxicological behavior of CdSe/ZnS QDs under the influence of eco-corona in the freshwater system have not been explored yet. In the present study, lake water medium conditioned with exudate secreted by Scenedesmus obliquus was utilized as an eco-corona forming matrix. The time-based evolution of the eco-corona on the differently charged CdSe/ZnS QDs was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Aging of amine-QDs in algal exudate for 72 h showed enhanced aggregation (Mean Hydrodynamic Diameter- 1969 nm) as compared to carboxyl-QDs (1543 nm). Further, eco-coronation tends to impart an overall negative charge to the QDs. The fluorescence intensity of amine-QDs was quenched by 84% due to the accumulation of higher eco-corona. An integrative effect of surface charge and accumulated eco-corona layer influenced the Cd2+ ion leaching from the QDs. An enhancement in the algal cell viability treated with carboxyl - CdSe/ZnS (90%) and amine- CdSe/ZnS QDs (94%) aged for 72 h suggested that eco-corona can effectively mitigate the inherent toxicity of the QDs. The oxidative stress markers in the algal cells (LPO, SOD, and CAT) were in correlation with the cytotoxicity results. The algal photosynthetic efficiency depended on the deposition of eco-coronated QDs on the cell surface. Cellular uptake results indicated low Cd2+ concentration of nearly 13.9 and 11.5% for carboxyl- and amine- CdSe/ZnS QDs respectively. This suggests that eco-coronation directly influences the bioavailability of engineered nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K R Ethiraj
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - N Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
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Devasena T, Francis AP, Ramaprabhu S. Toxicity of Graphene: An Update. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:51-76. [PMID: 34611755 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene possesses wider biomedical applications including drug delivery, photothermal ablation of tumors, biosensors, and also in the disease diagnosis. The accidental or intentional exposure of the environment including plants, ecosystem, and humans toward graphene is gradually increasing. Therefore, graphene toxicity becomes a critical issue to be addressed despite their diverse applications in multiple fields. In this situation, the scientific community as well as the general public must get awareness about the toxicity of graphene. This article, therefore, reviews the investigations on graphene toxicity. This review reveals the toxicity of graphene in vitro, in vivo models along with the environmental toxicity. The advantages of graphene toxicity in bacterial cells and cancer cells were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sundara Ramaprabhu
- Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AENL), Nanofunctional Materials Technology, Centre (NFMTC), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Nguyen MK, Moon JY, Lee YC. Microalgal ecotoxicity of nanoparticles: An updated review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110781. [PMID: 32497816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanotechnology and its related industries are becoming a rapidly explosive industry that offers many benefits to human life. However, along with the increased production and use of nanoparticles (NPs), their presence in the environment creates a high risk of increasing toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Therefore, a large number of studies focusing on the toxicity of these NPs to the aquatic organisms are carried out which used algal species as a common biological model. In this review, the influences of the physio-chemical properties of NPs and the response mechanisms of the algae on the toxicity of the NPs were discussed focusing on the "assay" studies. Besides, the specific algal toxicities of each type of NPs along with the NP-induced changes in algal cells of these NPs are also assessed. Almost all commonly-used NPs exhibit algal toxicity. Although the algae have similarities in the symptoms under NP exposure, the sensitivity and variability of each algae species to the inherent properties of each NPs are quite different. They depend strongly on the concentration, size, characteristics of NPs, and biochemical nature of algae. Through the assessment, the review identifies several gaps that need to be further studied to make an explicit understanding. The findings in the majority of studies are mostly in laboratory conditions and there are still uncertainties and contradictory/inconsistent results about the behavioral effects of NPs under field conditions. Besides, there remains unsureness about NP-uptake pathways of microalgae. Finally, the toxicity mechanisms of NPs need to be thoughtfully understood which is essential in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Kim Nguyen
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16 gil, Seoul, 02876, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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Developments in the Application of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment and Their Impact on the Environment. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091764. [PMID: 32906594 PMCID: PMC7558965 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an uppermost priority area of research in several nations presently because of its enormous capability and financial impact. One of the most promising environmental utilizations of nanotechnology has been in water treatment and remediation where various nanomaterials can purify water by means of several mechanisms inclusive of the adsorption of dyes, heavy metals, and other pollutants, inactivation and removal of pathogens, and conversion of harmful materials into less harmful compounds. To achieve this, nanomaterials have been generated in several shapes, integrated to form different composites and functionalized with active components. Additionally, the nanomaterials have been added to membranes that can assist to improve the water treatment efficiency. In this paper, we have discussed the advantages of nanomaterials in applications such as adsorbents (removal of dyes, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, and organic contaminants from water), membrane materials, catalytic utilization, and microbial decontamination. We discuss the different carbon-based nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, fullerenes, etc.), and metal and metal-oxide based nanomaterials (zinc-oxide, titanium dioxide, nano zerovalent iron, etc.) for the water treatment application. It can be noted that the nanomaterials have the ability for improving the environmental remediation system. The examination of different studies confirmed that out of the various nanomaterials, graphene and its derivatives (e.g., reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, graphene-based metals, and graphene-based metal oxides) with huge surface area and increased purity, outstanding environmental compatibility and selectivity, display high absorption capability as they trap electrons, avoiding their recombination. Additionally, we discussed the negative impacts of nanomaterials such as membrane damage and cell damage to the living beings in the aqueous environment. Acknowledgment of the possible benefits and inadvertent hazards of nanomaterials to the environment is important for pursuing their future advancement.
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Zhao P, Liu S, Huang W, He L, Li J, Zhou J, Zhou J. Influence of eugenol on algal growth, cell physiology of cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and its interaction with signaling molecules. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126935. [PMID: 32387731 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are naturally occurring substances that have shown great prospect in the field of antimicrobial, antioxidant and pest control by nontoxic mechanisms. In this regard, EOs are considered the promising and eco-friendly approach for controlling harmful algae. In this study, the anti-cyanobacterial activity of EOs eugenol against Microcystis aeruginosa are evaluated from the perspective of photosynthetic efficiency, the behavior of extracellular organic matter (EOM), endogenous plant hormone synthesis, and nitric oxide signaling pathway. Results showed that the photosynthetic activity of M. aeruginosa decreased significantly after eugenol treatments. Eugenol treatment resulted in cells rupture and the release of EOM. Levels of endogenous plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were enhanced separately by 2.32 and 2.01 times after 4 d of exposure to eugenol. And the inhibition of SA and JA biosynthesis further promotes the inhibitory effects of eugenol on algae. Additionally, the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) increased significantly by 3.78-fold. Furthermore, the influence of NO on microalgae exposed to eugenol was also determined, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of eugenol stress might be associated with NO generation in M. aeruginosa. These findings will be helpful for the understanding of the fate and potential of eugenol in harmful algae control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Shihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Lei He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
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Ji X, Li X, Wu S, Hou M, Zhao Y. Effects of graphene oxide on algal cellular stress response: Evaluating metabolic characters of carbon fixation and nutrient removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126566. [PMID: 32222521 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) on intracellular metabolism in Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients by C. vulgaris from synthetic wastewater were studied. The results demonstrated that cell division of Chlorella vulgaris increased at 24 h and decreased at 96 h after exposure to different concentrations of GO. The removal rates of total nitrogen (TN), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), phosphate (PO43--P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 24.1%, 70.0%, 37.0%, and 39.6%, respectively, when the concentration of GO was 0.01 mg/L 10 mg/L GO induced severe plasmolysis and cytoplasmic contraction. Furthermore, the protein-like exopolysaccharide (EPS) content of algal cells exposed to 10 mg/L GO decrease to 10.8% of the control group. Simultaneously, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was 175.4% of control group. The biological responses to 10 mg/L GO included increase in ROS level, inhibition of saccharide metabolism, and degradation of amino acids. In addition, high concentrations of 10 mg/L GO weakened the carbon fixation process in algal cells. These stress-response behaviors increased cell permeability and oxidative stress. Overall, these findings provide new insights regarding the effects of GO on algal cellular stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Ji
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Shichao Wu
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China
| | - Meifang Hou
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, PR China.
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Ren W, Chang H, Li L, Teng Y. Effect of Graphene Oxide on Growth of Wheat Seedlings: Insights from Oxidative Stress and Physiological Flux. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:139-145. [PMID: 32458034 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the responses of wheat seedlings to graphene oxide (GO) were investigated at a wide concentration range of 0-1000 mg L-1, including oxidative stress, real-time membrane potential as well as proton and calcium ion fluxes. The results show that GO induced a hormesis effect on root growth (low concentration (100 mg L-1) promotion and high concentration (1000 mg L-1) inhibition. Oxidative stress was responsible for the growth inhibition at GO concentration of 1000 mg L-1, as suggested from great stimulation in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and MDA content in roots or leaves. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activities were highly correlated with MDA levels (r2 = 0.963, 0.984, and 0.960, respectively). GO exposure caused significant concentration-dependent membrane depolarization in roots, and significantly inhibited H+ efflux and extracellular Ca2+ influx in root cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Haiwei Chang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lina Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- Yunnan Institute of Environmental Science, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Weng Y, You Y, Lu Q, Zhong A, Liu S, Liu H, Du S. Graphene oxide exposure suppresses nitrate uptake by roots of wheat seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114224. [PMID: 32155547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the large number of studies reporting the phytotoxicity of graphene-based materials, the effects of these materials on nutrient uptake in plants remain unclear. The present study showed that nitrate concentrations were significantly decreased in the roots of wheat plants treated with graphene oxide (GO) at 200-800 mg L-1. Non-invasive microelectrode measurement demonstrated that GO could significantly inhibit the net NO3- influx in the meristematic, elongation, and mature zones of wheat roots. Further analysis indicated that GO could be trapped in the root vacuoles, and that the maximal root length and the number of lateral roots were significantly reduced. Additionally, root tip whitening, creases, oxidative stress, and weakened respiration were observed. These observations indicate that GO is highly unfavorable for vigorous root growth and inhibits increase in root uptake area. At the molecular level, GO exposure caused DNA damage and inhibited the expression of most nitrate transporters (NRTs) in wheat roots, with the most significantly downregulated genes being NRT1.3, NRT1.5, NRT2.1, NRT2.3, and NRT2.4. We concluded that GO exposure decreased the root uptake area and root activity, and decreased the expression of NRTs, which may have consequently suppressed the NO3- uptake rate, leading to adverse nitrate accumulation in stressed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yineng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yue You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ao Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Instrumental Analysis Center of Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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40
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Saxena P, Sangela V. Toxicity evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticles and accumulation by microalgae Coelastrella terrestris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19650-19660. [PMID: 32221830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uses of iron oxide nanoparticles have increased in the last decade. The increased application marked a concern regarding their fate and behavior in the environment. Especially towards the aquatic ecosystems, as the ultimate descend of these iron oxide nanoparticles are aquatic bodies. The greater surface area per mass compared with larger-sized materials of the same chemistry renders these nanoparticles biologically more active. Therefore, it is imperative to assess their eco-toxicogical impact on aquatic eco-systems. In the present study, comparative assessment of iron oxide nanoparticles and their bulk counterpart have been monitored using Coelastrella terrestris up to 40 days. Interestingly, study reveals the potential of Coelastrella terrestris as tool for the bioremediation of iron nanoparticles to combat nano-pollution. Adsorption/absorption kinetics measured after 25 days of treatments with iron oxide nanoparticle and its bulk counterpart revealed higher absorption levels in comparison to the adsorption with maximum accumulation factor (AF) of 2.984 at 50 mg L-1 in nano-form. Iron oxide absorption was found linearly related with concentration in both cases (y = 11.313x-12.165, R2 = 0.8691 in nano; y = 6.35x-5.74, R2 = 0.8128 in bulk). However, 50-mg L-1 nanoparticle concentration was perceived sub-lethal for the algae with 33.33% algal growth reduction under nano and 27.77% under bulk counterpart. Other biochemical parameters, i.e., SOD, CAT, MDA, and lipid quantification, were also quantified to correlate the state of metabolism of treated algal cells in comparison to the control and these exhibited reduction in algal growth due to oxidative stress. Morphological changes were monitored through SEM and TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Saxena
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Vishambhar Sangela
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
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Cai H, Liang J, Ning XA, Lai X, Li Y. Algal toxicity induced by effluents from textile-dyeing wastewater treatment plants. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 91:199-208. [PMID: 32172968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the alga Scenedesmus obliquus toxicity induced by textile-dyeing effluents (TDE). The toxicity indicator of TDE in alga at the physiological (algal growth), biochemical (chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) synthesis and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) and structural (cell membrane integrity) level were investigated. Then we further study the relationship among toxicity indicators at physiological and biochemical level, and supplemented by research on algal biomacromolecules. According to the analysis of various endpoints of the alga, the general sensitivity sequence of toxicity endpoints of Scenedesmus obliquus was: SOD activity > Chl-a synthesis > algal growth. The stimulation rate of SOD activity increased from day 3 (57.25%~83.02%) to day 6 (57.25%~103.81%), and then decreased on day 15 (-4.23%~-32.96%), which indicated that the antioxidant balance system of the algal cells was destroyed. The rate of Chl-a synthesis inhibition increased gradually, reaching 19.70%~79.39% on day 15, while the rate of growth inhibition increased from day 3 (-12.90%~10.16%) to day 15 (-21.27%~72.46%). Moreover, the algal growth inhibition rate was positively correlated with the inhibition rate of SOD activity or Chl-a synthesis, with the correlation coefficients were 0.6713 and 0.5217, respectively. Algal cells would be stimulating to produce excessive reactive oxygen species, which would cause peroxidation in the cells, thereby destroying chloroplasts, inhibiting chlorophyll synthesis and reducing photosynthesis. With increasing exposure time, irreversible damage to algae can lead to death. This study is expected to enhance our understanding of the ecological risks through algal tests caused by TDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualing Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieying Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Xun-An Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaojun Lai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Yin J, Fan W, Du J, Feng W, Dong Z, Liu Y, Zhou T. The toxicity of graphene oxide affected by algal physiological characteristics: A comparative study in cyanobacterial, green algae, diatom. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113847. [PMID: 32000020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Though the main toxic mechanisms of graphene oxide (GO) to algae have been accepted as the shading effect, oxidative stress and mechanical damage, the effect of algal characteristics on these three mechanisms of GO toxicity have seldom been taken into consideration. In this study, we investigated GO toxicity to green algae (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) and diatoms (Cyclotella sp.). The aim was to assess how the physiological characteristics of algae affect the toxicity of GO. Results showed that 10 mg/L of GO significantly inhibited the growth of all tested algal types, while S. obliquus and C. reinhardtii were found to be the most susceptible and tolerant species, respectively. Then, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the physiological characteristics of the assessed algae. The presence of locomotive organelles, along with smaller and more spherical cells, was more likely to alleviate the shading effect. Variations in cell wall composition led to different extents of mechanical damage as shown by Cyclotella sp. silica frustules and S. obliquus autosporine division being prone to damage. Meanwhile, growth inhibition and cell division were significantly correlated with the oxidative stress and membrane permeability, suggesting the latter two indicators can effectively signal GO toxicity to algae. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the toxicity of graphene materials in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yin
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Juan Du
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weiying Feng
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, No. 37, XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Lu Q, Weng Y, You Y, Xu Q, Li H, Li Y, Liu H, Du S. Inoculation with abscisic acid (ABA)-catabolizing bacteria can improve phytoextraction of heavy metal in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113497. [PMID: 31733960 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Promotion of plant capacity for accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) is one of the key strategies in enhancing phytoremediation in contaminated soils. Here we report that, Rhodococcus qingshengii, an abscisic acid (ABA)-catabolizing bacteria, clearly boosts levels of Cd, Zn, and Ni in wild-type Arabidopsis by 47, 24, and 30%, respectively, but no increase in Cu was noted, when compared with non-inoculated Arabidopsis plants in contaminated growth substrate. Furthermore, when compared with wild-type plants, R.qingshengii-induced increases in Cd, Zn, and Ni concentrations were more pronounced in abi1/hab1/abi2 (ABA-sensitive mutant) strains of Arabidopsis, whereas little effect was observed in snrk2.2/2.3 (ABA insensitive mutant). This demonstrates that metabolizing ABA might be indispensable for R. qingshengii to improve metal accumulation in plants. Bacterial inoculation significantly elevated the expression of Cd, Zn, and Ni-related transporters; whereas the transcript levels of Cu transporters remained unchanged. This result may be a reasonable explanation for why the uptake of Cd, Zn, and Ni in plants was stimulated by bacterial inoculation, while no effect was observed on Cu levels. From our results, we clearly demonstrate that R. qingshengii can increase the accumulation of Cd, Zn, and Ni in plants via an ABA-mediated HM transporters-associated mechanism. Metabolizing ABA in the plants by ABA-catabolizing bacterial inoculation might be an alternative strategy to improve phytoremediation efficiency in HMs contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yineng Weng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yue You
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Qianru Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haiyue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Pan W, Lu Q, Xu QR, Zhang RR, Li HY, Yang YH, Liu HJ, Du ST. Abscisic acid-generating bacteria can reduce Cd concentration in pakchoi grown in Cd-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 177:100-107. [PMID: 30974243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of vegetable plants with cadmium (Cd) has become a serious issue in recent years. In the present study, pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) grown in Cd-contaminated soil inoculated with abscisic acid (ABA)-generating bacteria, Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis, showed 28%-281% and 26%-255% greater biomass, and 40%-79% and 43%-77% lower Cd concentrations, respectively, than those of the controlbacteria-free plants. These treatments also alleviated the Cd-induced photosynthesis inhibition and oxidative damage (indicated by malondialdehyde [MDA], H2O2, and O2• -). Furthermore, the application of bacteria also remarkably improved the levels of antioxidant-related compounds (total phenolics, total flavonoids, ascorbate, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] activity) and nutritional quality (soluble sugar and soluble protein) in the Cd-supplied plants. Based on these results, we conclude that the application of ABA-generating bacteria might be an alternative strategy for improving the biomass production and quality of vegetable plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qi Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qian-Ru Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huai-Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yu-He Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hui-Jun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shao-Ting Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Yang L, Duan F, Tian H, He K, Ma Y, Ma T, Li H, Yang S, Zhu L. Biotoxicity of water-soluble species in PM 2.5 using Chlorella. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 250:914-921. [PMID: 31085478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
China has been faced with severe haze pollution, which is hazardous to human health. Among the air pollutants, PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) is the most dangerous because of its toxicity and impact on human health and ecosystems. However, there has been limited research on PM2.5 particle toxicity. In the present study, we collected daily PM2.5 samples from January 1 to March 31, 2018 and selected samples to extract water-soluble species, including SO42-, NO3-, WSOC, and NH4+. These samples represented clean, good, slight, moderate, and heavy pollution days. After extraction using an ultrasonic method, PM2.5 solutions were obtained. We used Chlorella as the test algae and studied the content of chlorophyll a, as well as the variation in fluorescence when they were placed into the PM2.5 extraction solution, and their submicroscopic structure was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that when the air quality was relatively clean and good (PM2.5 concentration ≤ 75 μg m-3), the PM2.5 extraction solutions had no inhibiting effects on Chlorella, whereas when the air quality was polluted (PM2.5 concentration > 75 μg m-3) and heavily polluted (PM2.5 concentration > 150 μg m-3), with increasing PM2.5 concentrations and exposure time, the chlorophyll a content in Chlorella decreased. Moreover, the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of Chlorella obviously decreased, indicating chlorophyll inhibition during polluted days with increasing PM2.5 concentrations. The effects on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also obvious, leading to an increase of energy dissipated per unit reaction center (DIo/RC), suggesting that Chlorella could survive when exposed to PM2.5 solutions, whereas the physiological activities were significantly inhibited. The TEM analysis showed that there were few effects on Chlorella cell microstructure during clean days, whereas plasmolysis occurred during light- and medium-polluted days. With increasing pollution levels, plasmolysis became more and more apparent, until the organelles inside the cells were thoroughly destroyed and most of the parts could not be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Fengkui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Geology and Environment, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kebin He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongliang Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Ma
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Banchi E, Candotto Carniel F, Montagner A, Bosi S, Bramini M, Crosera M, León V, Martín C, Pallavicini A, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Graphene-based materials do not impair physiology, gene expression and growth dynamics of the aeroterrestrial microalga Trebouxia gelatinosa. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:492-509. [PMID: 31241384 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1570371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two graphene-based materials (GBMs), few-layers graphene (FLG) and graphene oxide (GO), were studied in the aeroterrestrial green microalga Trebouxia gelatinosa. Algae were subjected to short- and long-term exposure to GBMs at 0.01, 1 and 50 μg mL - 1. GBMs internalization after short-term exposures was investigated with confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Potential negative effects of GBMs, compared to the oxidative stress induced by H2O2, were verified by analyzing chlorophyl a fluorescence (ChlaF), expression of stress-related genes and membrane integrity. Effects of up to 4-week-long exposures were assessed analyzing growth dynamics, ChlaF and photosynthetic pigments. GBMs were not observed in cells but FLG was detected at the interface between the cell wall and plasma membrane, whereas GO was observed adherent to the external wall surface. FLG caused the down-regulation of the HSP70-1 gene, with the protein levels remaining stable, whereas GO had no effect. In comparison, H2O2 produced dose- and time-dependent effects on ChlaF, gene expression and HSP70 protein level. Long-term exposures to GBMs did not affect growth dynamics, ChlaF or photosynthetic pigment contents, indicating that the few observed short-term effects were not dangerous on the long-term. Results suggest that interactions between FLG and plasma membrane were harmless, activating a down-regulation of the HSP70-1 gene similar to that induced by H2O2. Our work shows that studying GBMs effects on non-model organisms is important since the results of model green microalgae are not representative of the whole taxonomic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Banchi
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | | | - Alice Montagner
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Susanna Bosi
- b Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Mattia Bramini
- c Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology , Italian Institute of Technology , Genova , Italy
| | - Matteo Crosera
- b Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Verónica León
- d Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real , Spain.,e Regional Institute of Applied Scientific Investigation (IRICA) , University of Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Cristina Martín
- d Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real , Spain.,e Regional Institute of Applied Scientific Investigation (IRICA) , University of Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | | | - Ester Vázquez
- d Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real , Spain.,e Regional Institute of Applied Scientific Investigation (IRICA) , University of Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Maurizio Prato
- b Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy.,f Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory , CIC biomaGUNE , San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- a Department of Life Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
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Chen M, Sun Y, Liang J, Zeng G, Li Z, Tang L, Zhu Y, Jiang D, Song B. Understanding the influence of carbon nanomaterials on microbial communities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:690-698. [PMID: 30875562 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are widely used because of their unique advantages in recent years. At the same time, the influence of CNMs on the environment is becoming increasingly prominent. This review mainly introduces the research progress in the effects of fullerenes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and graphene on microorganisms and their toxicity mechanisms. On this basis, we have analyzed beneficial and adverse effects of fullerenes, graphene, MWCNTs and SWCNTs to microorganisms, and discussed the similarities of the toxicity mechanisms of different CNMs on microorganisms. This review helps provide ideas on how to protect microorganisms from the impacts of carbon nanomaterials, and it will be conductive to providing a strong theoretical basis for better application of carbon nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, PR China
| | - Danni Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Zhang Y, Yang R, Si X, Duan X, Quan X. The adverse effect of biochar to aquatic algae- the role of free radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:429-437. [PMID: 30826605 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of biochar in remediation and recovery of heavy metals and/or organic contaminants in water and soil is increasing. However, the adverse effect of biochar to aquatic organisms has not received enough attention. In this study, we conducted a study on the biotoxicity of biochar pyrolyzed from pine needle under oxygen-limited conditions. The toxicity of biochar was expressed with the following endpoints: cell growth, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) content of Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus) and the luminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum (P. phosphoreum). Here, the effect of free radicals (FRs) contained in biochar was stressed. Our results show that the toxicity of biochar is significantly correlated with the concentration of FRs in biochar particles. Meanwhile, we found the FRs-containing biochar could induce the production of acellular ROS (such as ·OH) in water, which would also induce the production of interior cellular ROS in aquatic organisms. Our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of toxicity aroused by biochar applications and aid in understanding its potential ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Ruixin Yang
- Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaohui Si
- Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xingwei Duan
- Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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49
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Algal extracts based biogenic synthesis of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) with enhanced heavy metals adsorption capability. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Fan H, Liu H, Dong Y, Chen C, Wang Z, Guo J, Du S. Growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by four ionic liquids in Scenedesmus obliquus: Role of cations and anions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:570-579. [PMID: 30245413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely used in various industrial applications. However, they are considered potential toxins in aquatic environments because of their physical stability and solubility. The growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by four ionic liquids with different cations and anions on the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus was investigated in this study. The order of growth inhibition was 1‑hexyl‑3‑methylimidazolium nitrate ([HMIM]NO3) > 1‑hexyl‑3‑methylimidazolium chloride ([HMIM]Cl) > N‑hexyl‑3‑metylpyridinium bromide ([HMPy]Br) > N‑hexyl‑3‑metylpyridinium chloride ([HMPy]Cl). Imidazolium IL had a higher growth inhibition effect than pyridinium IL, nitrate IL and bromide IL had a higher effect than chloride IL. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in S. obliquus increased with increasing IL concentrations. Green fluorescence in [HMIM]Cl treated algae showed increased brightness compared to the [HMPy]Cl treatment, and [HMIM]NO3 treatment produced increased brightness compared to the [HMPy]Br treatment, suggesting that higher ROS levels were induced by [HMIM]Cl and [HMIM]NO3. Soluble protein, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were stimulated at lower concentrations but were inhibited at higher concentrations. Regression analysis suggested that ROS level is the main index responsible for oxidative stress induced by the four ILs. The ILs induced oxidative damage on S. obliquus, and ROS in high concentration treatments could not be effectively removed by the antioxidant system, leading to oxidative damage and ultimately resulting in growth inhibition and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Chonglei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zongwei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jiayun Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shaoting Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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