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Sadiq M, Eqani SAMAS, Podgorski J, Ilyas S, Abbas SS, Shafqat MN, Nawaz I, Berg M. Geochemical insights of arsenic mobilization into the aquifers of Punjab, Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173452. [PMID: 38782276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
It is well known that groundwater arsenic (As) contamination affects million(s) of people throughout the Indus flood plain, Pakistan. In this study, groundwater (n = 96) and drilled borehole samples (n = 87 sediments of 12 boreholes) were collected to investigate geochemical proxy-indicators for As release into groundwater across floodplains of the Indus Basin. The mean dissolved (μg/L) and sedimentary As concentrations (mg/kg) showed significant association in all studied areas viz.; lower reaches of Indus flood plain area (71 and 12.7), upper flood plain areas (33.7 and 7.2), and Thal desert areas (5.3 and 4.7) and are indicative of Basin-scale geogenic As contamination. As contamination in aquifer sediments is dependent on various geochemical factors including particle size (3-4-fold higher As levels in fine clay particles than in fine-coarse sand), sediment types (3-fold higher As in Holocene sediments of floodplain areas vs Pleistocene/Quaternary sediments in the Thal desert) with varying proportion of Al-Fe-Mn oxides/hydroxides. The total organic carbon (TOC) of cored aquifer sediments yielded low TOC content (mean = 0.13 %), which indicates that organic carbon is not a major driver (with a few exceptions) of As mobilization in the Indus Basin. Alkaline pH, high dissolved sulfate and other water quality parameters indicate pH-induced As leaching and the dominance of oxidizing conditions in the aquifers of upper flood plain areas of Punjab, Pakistan while at the lower reaches of the Indus flood plain and alluvial pockets along the rivers with elevated flood-driven dissolved organic carbon (exhibiting high dissolved Mn and Fe and a wide range of redox conditions). Furthermore, we also identified that paired dissolved AsMn values (instead of AsFe) may serve as a geochemical marker of a range of redox conditions throughout Indus flood plains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan; Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Shazia Ilyas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), 54600 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sayyam Abbas
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ismat Nawaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Park Road, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Michael Berg
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Dar A, Rehman R, Hafeez M, Ul-Ain N, Yaseen G, Anwar J, Uz-Zaman W, T Al-Thagafi Z, E Al-Hazemi M, Akram M, Sillanpaa M. Sequestration of cyanide ions from aqueous medium by physio-chemically fabricated biochar of peels of banana and grape fruit in ecofriendly way. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38755758 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2349721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Pakistan is an agricultural country producing plenty of fruits, like: mango, banana, apple, peaches, grapes, plums, variety of citrus fruits including lemon, grapefruit, and oranges. So far the peels of most of the fruits are usually wasted and not properly utilized anywhere. In this work, the peels of banana and grapefruit are converted into biochar by slow pyrolysis under controlled supply of air and used for sequestering cyanide ions from aqueous medium after chemical modification with ZnCl2 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The modified biochar was characterized by various instrumental techniques, like: SEM, FTIR, TGA, and CHNS. Different parameters, like: time, temperature, pH, and dose of adsorbent affecting the adsorption of cyanide ions, onto prepared biochar were optimized and to understand the adsorption phenomenon, kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed. Concentration of cyanide ions was estimated by employing standard ion selective electrode system and it is found that Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate treated biochar of banana peels shown more adsorption capacity, i.e.,: 17.080 mg/g as compared to all samples. Present work revealed that the biochar produced from the fruit waste has sufficient potential to eliminate trace quantities of cyanide from water, especially after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Dar
- Centre for Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Rehman
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahreen Hafeez
- Centre for Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor- Ul-Ain
- Chemistry Department. School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Yaseen
- Chemistry Department. School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jamil Anwar
- Centre for Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Chemistry Department. School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waheed- Uz-Zaman
- Centre for Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahrah T Al-Thagafi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha E Al-Hazemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Art at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehwish Akram
- Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Ali A, Ullah Z, Ismaeel N, Rashid A, Khalid W, Siddique M, Iqbal J, Khan A, Waqas M, Ghani J. Integrated Approach to Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Major Industrial Zone of Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34396-34414. [PMID: 38702486 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination with arsenic (As) is a significant concern in Pakistan's Punjab Province. This study analyzed 69 groundwater samples from Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, and Multan to understand hydrogeochemistry, health impacts, contamination sources, and drinking suitability. Results revealed varying as concentrations across districts, with distinctive cation and anion orders. Faisalabad exhibited Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Fe2+ for cations and SO42- > Cl- > HCO3- > NO3- > F- for anions. Gujranwala showed Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- for anions. In Lahore, demonstrated: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Fe > K+ for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > NO3- > F- for anions. Multan indicated K+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > Fe for cations and HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > F- > NO3- ) for anions. Hydrochemical facies were identified as CaHCO3 and CaMgCl types. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), highlighted the influence of natural processes and human activities on groundwater pollution. Water Quality Index (WQI) result reveal that most samples met water quality standards. The carcinogenic risk values for children exceeded permissible limits in all districts, emphasizing a significant cancer risk. The study highlights the need for rigorous monitoring to mitigate (As) contamination and protect public health from associated hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmat Ali
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Zahid Ullah
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Nayab Ismaeel
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Abdur Rashid
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Warda Khalid
- Environmental Protection Division, Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd, Zijin Road, Zijin TowerShanghang, 364200, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Anwarzeb Khan
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, 19120, Pakistan
- Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junaid Ghani
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Ahmed Khan B, Ahmad M, Bolan N, Farooqi A, Iqbal S, Mickan B, Solaiman ZM, Siddique KHM. A mechanistic approach to arsenic adsorption and immobilization in aqueous solution, groundwater, and contaminated paddy soil using pine-cone magnetic biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:117922. [PMID: 38151150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) poisoning in groundwater and rice paddy soil has increased globally, impacting human health and food security. There is an urgent need to deal with As-contaminated groundwater and soil. Biochar can be a useful remedy for toxic contaminants. This study explains the synthesis of pinecone-magnetic biochar (PC-MBC) by engineering the pinecone-pristine biochar with iron salts (FeCl3.6H2O and FeSO4.7H2O) to investigate its effects on As(V) adsorption and immobilization in water and soil, respectively. The results indicated that PC-MBC can remediate As(V)-contaminated water, with an adsorption capacity of 12.14 mg g-1 in water. Isotherm and kinetic modeling showed that the adsorption mechanism involved multilayer, monolayer, and diffusional processes, with chemisorption operating as the primary interface between As(V) and biochar. Post-adsorption analysis of PC-MBC, using FTIR and XRD, further revealed chemical fixing and outer-sphere complexation between As(V) and Fe, O, NH, and OH as the main reasons for As(V) adsorption onto PC-MBC. Recycling of PC-MBC also had excellent adsorption even after several regeneration cycles. Similarly, PC-MBC successfully immobilized As in paddy soil. Single and sequential extraction results showed the transformation of mobile forms of As to a more stable form, confirmed by non-destructive analysis using SEM, EDX, and elemental dot mapping. Thus, Fe-modified pine-cone biochar could be a suitable and cheap adsorbent for As-contaminated water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basit Ahmed Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Iqbal
- Department of Nuclear & Quantum Engineering, Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291-Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Bede Mickan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Zakaria M Solaiman
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
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Khan NU, Shahid M, Khalid S, Natasha N, Alothman ZA, Al-Kahtani AA, Imran M, Murtaza B. Arsenic level in groundwater and biological samples in Khanewal, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8943-8952. [PMID: 37442923 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01682-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is the most valuable natural source in our earth's planet, being contaminated in various regions worldwide. Despite considerable research, there are scarce data regarding arsenic (As) levels in groundwater and its build-up in biological samples in Pakistan. The current investigation analyzed As contamination in four tehsils of District Khanewal (Kabirwala tehsil, Jahaniyan tehsil, Mian Channu tehsil, and Khanewal tehsil). For that, 123 groundwater samples, 19 animal milk samples, 20 human nails, and 20 human hair samples were collected from the study area. Arsenic concentration in groundwater was up to 51.8 µg/L with an average value of 7.2 µg/L. About 28 water samples (23%) had As contents > WHO limit and 38 samples (31%) > DEP-NJ limit. Low levels of As were detected in biological samples. Average As levels were 23 µg/L in the milk samples and 298 µg/kg in human hair. Arsenic contents were not detected in nail samples, except in one sample from Kabirwala tehsil. The maximum values of hazard quotient and cancer risk in District Khanewal were 4.9 and 0.0022, respectively. It is anticipated that long-term use of As-containing water may led to poisoning of humans in the study area, especially in Kabirwala. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor As contamination in the groundwater of Kabirwala tehsil to reduce the potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeb Ullah Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zeid A Alothman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Kahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Rashid A, Ayub M, Bundschuh J, Gao X, Ullah Z, Ali L, Li C, Ahmad A, Khan S, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Geochemical control, water quality indexing, source distribution, and potential health risk of fluoride and arsenic in groundwater: Occurrence, sources apportionment, and positive matrix factorization model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132443. [PMID: 37666175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F-), and arsenic (As) in the groundwater cause health problems in developing countries, including Pakistan. We evaluated the occurrence, distribution, sources apportionment, and health hazards of F-, and As in the groundwater of Mardan, Pakistan. Therefore, groundwater samples (n = 130) were collected and then analyzed for F-, and As by ion-chromatography (IC) and Inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS). The F-, and As concentrations in groundwater were 0.7-14.4 mg/L and 0.5-11.2 µg/L. Relatively elevated F-, and As coexists with higher pH, Na+, HCO3-, SO4-2, and depleted Ca+2 due to fluoride, sulfide-bearing minerals, and anthropogenic inputs. Both F-, and/or As are transported in subsurface water through adsorption and desorption processes. Groundwater samples 45%, and 14.2% exceeded the WHO guidelines of 1.5 mg/L and 10 µg/L. Water quality indexing (WQI-model) declared that 35.7% samples are unfit for household purposes. Saturation and undersaturation of minerals showed precipitation and mineral dissolution. Groundwater contamination by PCA-MLR and PMF-model interpreted five factors. The fitting results and R2 values of PMF (0.52-0.99)>PCA-MLR (0.50-0.95) showed high accuracy of PMF-model. Human health risk assessment (HHRA-model) revealed high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for children than adults. The percentile recovery of F- and As was recorded 98%, and 95% with reproducibility ± 5% error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, 21300, Pakistan
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xubo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zahid Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liaqat Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Javed T, Ahmad N, Ahmad SR. Coupling hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes (δ 2H, δ 18O and δ 13C) to identify factors affecting arsenic enrichment of surface water and groundwater in Precambrian sedimentary rocks, eastern salt range, Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6643-6673. [PMID: 37347308 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The study area is a part of the Salt Range, where water quality is being deteriorated by natural and anthropogenic sources. This research integrates water quality assessment, arsenic enrichment, hydrogeochemical processes, groundwater recharge and carbon sources in aquifer. Total dissolved solid (TDS) contents in springs water, lake water and groundwater are in range of 681-847 mg/L, 2460-5051 mg/L and 513-7491 mg/L, respectively. The higher concentrations of magnesium and calcium in water bodies next to sodium are because of carbonates, sulfates, halite and silicates dissolution. The average concentrations of ions in groundwater are in order of HCO3- > SO42- > Cl- > Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > NO3-, virtually analogous to springs water, but different from lake water, categorized as poor quality and unfit for drinking purposes. Based on major ions hydrochemistry, NaCl and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl type hydrochemical facies are associated with concentration of arsenic (4.2-39.5 µg/L) in groundwater. Groundwater samples (70%) having arsenic concentration (11 ≤ As ≤ 39.5 µg/L) exceeded from World Health Organization (WHO) guideline (As ≤ 10 µg/L) in near neutral to slightly alkaline (6.7 ≤ pH ≤ 8.3), positive Eh(6 ≤ Eh ≤ 204 mV), signifying its oxic condition. Eh-pH diagrams for arsenic and iron indicate that 80% of groundwater for arsenic and iron were in compartments of HAsO42- and Fe(OH)3, unveil oxic environment. Arsenic is moderately positive correlated with TDS, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, nitrate, sulfate and weak negative with δ13CDIC in surface and groundwater, forecasting multiple sources of arsenic to aquifer. Stable isotopes of waters show recharge of groundwater from local rain and lake water. The lower δ13CDIC values of groundwater are modified by influx of CO2 produced during biological oxidation of soil natural organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Javed
- Isotope Application Division (IAD), Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid Ahmad
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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Rahmani A, Khamutian S, Doosti-Irani A, Saatchi O, Shokoohizadeh MJ. Arsenic level in drinking water, its correlation with water quality parameters, and associated health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:899. [PMID: 37380884 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and likelihood of health risks related to arsenic in drinking water of all counties of the Hamadan province in the northwest of Iran. In this work, 370 samples were collected from all of the water resources of urban and rural regions, during 5 years (2017 to 2021). Oracle Crystal Ball software was used to perform the Monte Carlo simulation and investigate the potential health risks. According to the results, the average values of arsenic in the nine counties were in the order Kabudarahang (40.1 ppb), Malayer (13.1 ppb), Nahavand (6.1 ppb), Bahar (2.05 ppb), Famenin (0.41 ppb), Asadabad (0.36 ppb), Tuyserkan (0.28 ppb), Razan (0.14 ppb), and Hamadan (< 0.1 ppb). The highest concentration of arsenic occurred in Kabudarahang with a maximum value of 185 ppb. In the spring season, the average concentration of the cations, including calcium, magnesium, sodium, lead, cadmium, and chromium, obtained 109.51 mg/l, 44.67 mg/l, 20.50 mg/l, 88.76 ppb, 0.31 ppb, and 0.02 ppb, respectively. Based on the Delphi classification, the P 90% of oral lifetime cancer risk, in Hamadan province, were within level II (low risk) to VII (extremely high risk). The risk analysis revealed there was a possible carcinogenic risk to humans from oral exposure to As-contaminated groundwater, especially in Kabudarahang county. Therefore, there is an urgent need for management and precise measures in contaminated areas to reduce and prevent the adverse health effects of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Samira Khamutian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Doosti-Irani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Omid Saatchi
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, Deputy of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Shokoohizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Shah ST, Basit A, Mohamed HI, Ullah I, Sajid M, Sohrab A. Der Einsatz von Mulchen bei verschiedenen Bodenbearbeitungsbedingungen reduziert den Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen – ein Überblick. GESUNDE PFLANZEN 2023; 75:455-477. [DOI: 10.1007/s10343-022-00719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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Rokonuzzaman M, Ye Z, Wu C, Li WC. Arsenic Elevated Groundwater Irrigation: Farmers' Perception of Rice and Vegetable Contamination in a Naturally Arsenic Endemic Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4989. [PMID: 36981898 PMCID: PMC10049387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) in groundwater and its accumulation in agricultural produces has caused serious threats to human health. The majority of current research on As mainly focuses on the technical aspects while bypassing the social perspectives. Farmers are the prime stakeholders as well as executors of agricultural strategies, and their adaptation largely depends on how they perceive the risk for which a mitigation strategy is proposed. This study aims to explore how rice and vegetable farmers perceive As accumulation in their rice and vegetables as well as explore current crop- and body-loading status, the subsequent health consequences of As, and alleviation possibilities with mitigation strategies and to investigate if there is an association between their socioeconomic status and their level of perception. Results reveal that one-fourth of the farmers gave a positive message regarding the As-contamination scenario in rice and vegetables. Although 10 farmers' socioeconomic characteristics were positively significant, distinctive emphasis should be given to five predictor variables explaining 88% variances: knowledge, direct participation in farming, information sources used, participant education, and organizational participation. Path analysis depicts that direct participation in farming presents the highest positive total effect (0.855) and direct effect (0.503), whereas information sources show the highest positive indirect effect (0.624). The mean As content in all five locations was statistically significant at the 5%, 5%, 0.1%, 1%, and 1% probability levels in scalp hairs, rice, vegetables, soils, and irrigation water, respectively. The first principal component (PC1) explains 92.5% of the variation. Significant variations were primarily explained by As levels in irrigation water, rice grain, and soil. Farmers' perception is far behind the actual field status of As level and its transfer. Therefore, intensified priorities should be administered on the farmers' characteristics contributing to variances in perception. The findings can be utilized for policy formulation in all As-endemic nations. More multidisciplinary research can be undertaken on farmers' attitude towards adopting As-mitigation techniques, with a focus on the socioeconomic position found to influence farmers' perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rokonuzzaman
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (M.R.)
- Department of Agricultural Extension Education, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Zhihong Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuan Wu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (M.R.)
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wai-Chin Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (M.R.)
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11
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Hao C, Sun X, Peng Y, Xie B, He K, Wang Y, Liu M, Fan X. Geochemical impact of dissolved organic matter on antimony mobilization in shallow groundwater of the Xikuangshan antimony mine, Hunan Province, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160292. [PMID: 36414049 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is widely used in aquatic systems to control the environmental fate of As. However, similar to the behavior of As, Sb mobilization driven by DOM is poorly understood. A total of 25 samples were collected from shallow groundwater in the Xikuangshan mine to compare the spectroscopic characteristics and chemical properties of DOM between high- and low-Sb groundwater and to determine the roles of DOM in Sb mobility. The concentrations of Sb and DOM varied from 0.003 to 18.402 mg/L (mean: 3.407 mg/L) and 0.38 to 9.90 mg/L (mean: 2.49 mg/L), respectively. The DOM of the D3x4 water was primarily dominated by terrestrial and microbial humic-like and fulvic acid substances, with a relatively small contribution of tryptophan-like components. Complexing agents, competitive adsorption, and photopromoted oxidation under sunlight were considered as the formation mechanisms for DOM-controlled Sb(V)-dominated Sb species in D3x4 water. The weakly alkaline and oxidizing conditions, and the presence of Fe hydroxides facilitated the promotion of Sb(V) concentration. The findings of this study further enhance our understanding of the Sb migration mechanism in oxic groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Hao
- North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mine Water Resource Utilization of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Suzhou University, Anhui 234000, PR China.
| | - Ximeng Sun
- North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, PR China
| | - Yingao Peng
- Institute of Disaster Prevention, Hebei 065201, PR China
| | - Bing Xie
- North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, PR China
| | - Kaikai He
- North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, PR China
| | - Yantang Wang
- North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, PR China
| | - Xing Fan
- North China Institute of Science and Technology, Hebei 065201, PR China.
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12
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Liu C, Feng C, Duan Y, Wang P, Peng C, Li Z, Yu L, Liu M, Wang F. Ecological risk under the dual threat of heavy metals and antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in swine-farming wastewater in Shandong Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:120998. [PMID: 36603760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mineral elements and antibiotic-resistant bacterial pollutants in livestock and poultry farms' wastewater are often sources of ecological and public health problems. To understand the heavy-metal pollution status and the characteristics of drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) in swine-farm wastewater in Shandong Province and to provide guidance for the rational use of mineral-element additives, common antibiotics, and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants on swine farms, 10 mineral elements were measured and E. coli isolated from wastewater and its resistance to 29 commonly used antibiotics and resistance genes was determined. Finally, phylogenetic and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analyses was performed on E. coli. The results showed serious pollution from iron and zinc, with a comprehensive pollution index of 708.94 and 3.13, respectively. It is worth noting that average iron levels in 75% (12/16) of the districts exceed allowable limits. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were found in every city of the province. The E. coli isolated from swine-farm wastewater were mainly resistant to tetracyclines (95.3%), chloramphenicol (77.8%), and sulfonamides (62.2%), while antibiotic resistance genes for quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams were all more than 60%. The clonal complex 10 (CC10) was prevalent, and ST10 and ST48 were dominant in E. coli isolates. Multidrug-resistant E. coli were widely distributed, with mainly A genotypes. However, the mechanism of the effect of iron on antibiotic resistance needs more study in this area. Thus, further strengthening the prevention and control of iron and zinc pollution and standardizing the use of antibiotics and mineral element additives in the swine industry are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Chenglian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Yuanpeng Duan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Chong Peng
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Lanping Yu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China
| | - Mengda Liu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, 266032, PR China
| | - Fangkun Wang
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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13
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Khanam T, Liang S, Xu S, Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani SA, Shafqat MN, Rasheed H, Bibi N, Shen H, Zhang J. Arsenic exposure induces urinary metabolome disruption in Pakistani male population. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137228. [PMID: 36372340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people are at risk of consuming arsenic (As) contaminated drinking water in Pakistan. The current study aimed to investigate urinary arsenic species [iAsIII, iAsV, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), methylarsonic acid (MMA)] and their potential toxicity biomarkers (based on urinary metabolome) in order to characterize the health effects in general adult male participants (n = 588) exposed to various levels of arsenic in different floodplain areas of Pakistan. The total urinary arsenic concentration (mean; 161 μg/L) of studied participants was lower and/or comparable than those values reported from other highly contaminated regions, but exceeded the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) limits. For all the participants, the most excreted species was DMA accounting for 65% of the total arsenic, followed by MMA (20%) and iAs (16%). The percentage of MMA detected in this study was higher than those of previously reported data from other countries. These results suggested that studied population might have high risk of developing arsenic exposure related adverse health outcomes. Furthermore, random forest machine learning algorithm, partial correlation and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to screen the arsenic species-related urinary metabolites. A total of thirty-eight metabolites were extracted from 2776 metabolic features and identified as the potential arsenic toxicity biomarkers. The metabolites were mainly classified into xanthines, purines, and amino acids, which provided the clues linking the arsenic exposure with oxidative stress, one-carbon metabolism, purine metabolism, caffeine metabolism and hormone metabolism. These results would be helpful to develop early health warning system in context of arsenic exposure among the general populations of Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasawar Khanam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Song Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | - Hifza Rasheed
- National Laboratory for the Water Quality, Pakistan Council Research Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Heqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361102, Xiamen, China.
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Tunklová B, Jeníček L, Malaťák J, Neškudla M, Velebil J, Hnilička F. Properties of Biochar Derived from Tea Waste as an Alternative Fuel and Its Effect on Phytotoxicity of Seed Germination for Soil Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8709. [PMID: 36556517 PMCID: PMC9781287 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tea waste as a potential biofuel and bio fertilizer was analyzed. Samples were collected from various tea species and torrefied to five different temperatures. All samples were analyzed for their proximal composition and calorific value. From the results, stoichiometric properties were calculated. A phytotoxicity test was performed, and the germination index was measured. Tea waste torrefied at 350 °C may be suitable biofuel reaching the calorific value of 25-27 MJ kg-1, but with quite a high share of ash, up to 10%, which makes its use technically challenging and may lead to operating issues in a combustion chamber. The same biochar may be a suitable fertilizer for increasing the germination index, therefore, applicable to the soil. The non-torrefied sample and the sample treated at 250 °C are not suitable as fertilizers for being toxic. The total phenolic content in waste black tea was reduced from 41.26 to 0.21 mg g-1, depending on the torrefaction temperature. The total flavonoid content was also reduced from 60.49 to 0.5 mg g-1. The total antioxidant activity in the non-torrefied sample was 144 mg g-1, and after torrefaction at 550 °C, it was 0.82 mg g-1. The results showed that black tea waste residues have the potential for further use, for example, in agriculture as a soil amendment or as a potential biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Tunklová
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Jeníček
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Malaťák
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Neškudla
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Velebil
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Hnilička
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Masood Ul Hasan I, Javed H, Hussain MM, Shakoor MB, Bibi I, Shahid M, Xu N, Wei Q, Qiao J, Niazi NK. Biochar/nano-zerovalent zinc-based materials for arsenic removal from contaminated water. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:1155-1164. [PMID: 36355569 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2140778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the potential of a newly prepared nano-zero valent zinc (nZVZn), biochar (BC)/nZVZn and BC/hydroxyapatite-alginate (BC/HA-alginate) composites for the removal of inorganic As species from water. Relatively, higher percentage removal of As(III) and As(V) was obtained by nZVZn at pH 3.4 (96% and 94%, respectively) compared to BC/nZVZn (90% and 88%) and BC/HA-alginate (88% and 80%) at pH 7.2. Freundlich model provided the best fit (R2 = up to 0.98) for As(III) and As(V) sorption data of all the sorbents, notably for nZVZn. The pseudo-second order model well-described kinetics of As(III) and As(V) (R2 = 0.99) sorption on all the sorbents. The desorption experiments demonstrated that the As removal efficiency, up to the third sorption/desorption cycle, was in the order of nZVZn ∼ BC/HA-alginate (88%) > BC/nZVZn (84%). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy depicted that the -OH, -COOH, Zn-O and Zn-OH surface functional groups were responsible for the sorption of As(III) or As(V) on the sorbents investigated here. This study highlights that removal of As species from water by BC/nZVZn composite can be compared with nZVZn, suggesting that integrating BC with nZVZn could efficiently remove As from As-contaminated drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Masood Ul Hasan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haram Javed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Nengneng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunshan Wei
- Textile Pollution Controlling Engineering Center of Ministry of Environmental Protection, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Saeed M, Rehman MYA, Farooqi A, Malik RN. Arsenic and fluoride co-exposure through drinking water and their impacts on intelligence and oxidative stress among rural school-aged children of Lahore and Kasur districts, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3929-3951. [PMID: 34751868 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), and fluoride (F-) are potent contaminants with established carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic impacts on the exposed populations globally. Despite elevated groundwater As and F- levels being reported from various regions of Pakistan no biomonitoring study has been reported yet to address the co-exposure impact of As and F- among school children. We aimed to investigate the effects of these two contaminants on dental fluorosis and intelligence quotient (IQ) along with the induction of oxidative stress in rural children under co-exposed conditions. A total of 148 children (5 to 16 years old) from the exposed and control group were recruited in the current study from endemic rural areas of Lahore and Kasur districts, Pakistan having elevated As and F- levels in drinking water than permissible limits. We monitored malondialdehyde and its probable association with antioxidants activity (SOD, CAT, and GR) as a biomarker of oxidative stress. GSTM1/T1 polymorphisms were measured to find the impact of As on health parameters. Mean urinary concentrations of As (2.70 vs. 0.016 µg/L, P < 0.000) and F- (3.27 vs. 0.24 mg/L, P < 0.000) as well as the frequency of dental fluorosis were found elevated among the exposed group. The cases of children with lower IQ were observed high in the exposed group. Additionally, lower concentrations of antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GR) were found suggesting high susceptibility to F- toxicity. The findings suggest that F- accounted for high variations in health parameters of children under the co-exposure conditions with As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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17
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Jat Baloch MY, Zhang W, Zhang D, Al Shoumik BA, Iqbal J, Li S, Chai J, Farooq MA, Parkash A. Evolution Mechanism of Arsenic Enrichment in Groundwater and Associated Health Risks in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013325. [PMID: 36293904 PMCID: PMC9603767 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater is a worldwide concern for drinking water safety. Environmental changes and anthropogenic activities are making groundwater vulnerable in Pakistan, especially in Southern Punjab. This study explores the distribution, hydrogeochemical behavior, and pathways of As enrichment in groundwater and discusses the corresponding evolution mechanism, mobilization capability, and health risks. In total, 510 groundwater samples were collected from three tehsils in the Punjab province of Pakistan to analyze As and other physiochemical parameters. Arsenic concentration averaged 14.0 μg/L in Vehari, 11.0 μg/L in Burewala, and 13.0 μg/L in Mailsi. Piper-plots indicated the dominance of Na+, SO42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions in the groundwater and the geochemical modeling showed negative saturation indices with calcium carbonate and salt minerals, including aragonite (CaCO3), calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), and halite (NaCl). The dissolution process hinted at their potential roles in As mobilization in groundwater. These results were further validated with an inverse model of the dissolution of calcium-bearing mineral, and the exchange of cations between Ca2+ and Na+ in the studied area. Risk assessment suggested potential carcinogenic risks (CR > 10-4) for both children and adults, whereas children had a significant non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (HQ > 1). Accordingly, children had higher overall health risks than adults. Groundwater in Vehari and Mailsi was at higher risk than in Burewala. Our findings provide important and baseline information for groundwater As assessment at a provincial level, which is essential for initiating As health risk reduction. The current study also recommends efficient management strategies for As-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yousuf Jat Baloch
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | | | - Javed Iqbal
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juanfen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Muhammad Ansar Farooq
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Anand Parkash
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Chang’an West Street 620, Xi’an 710119, China
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18
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Rokonuzzaman MD, Ye Z, Wu C, Li W. Arsenic accumulation in rice: Alternative irrigation regimes produce rice safe from arsenic contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 310:119829. [PMID: 35917836 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural occurrence of arsenic (As) in groundwater & soils and its bioaccumulation in rice grains is a major health concern worldwide. To combat the problem, best combination of irrigation management and suitable rice variety altering As content in grains must be ensured. With this aim, a field trial was conducted with two rice varieties and water management including alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) irrigation regimes with As contaminated groundwater (AsW) and temporarily stored groundwater (TSG) and river water for only CF (as control). Results revealed that As content in different portions of paddy plant was significantly different (P < 0.001) with irrigation practices and rice varieties. AWD irrigation with TSG accumulated lower As in rice grains compared with CF-AsW for both varieties. Data showed that AWD-TSG practice led to 61.37% and 60.34% grain As reduction for BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29, respectively, compared with CF-AsW. For Principle Component Analysis (PCA), first principle component (PC1) explained 91.7% of the variability and irrigation water As, soil total and available As, straw As, root As and husk As were the dominating parameters. With significant (P < 0.05) variation in yields between the genotypes, AWD increased grain yield by 29.25% in BRRI dhan29 Compared with CF. However, translocation factor (TF) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) for both varieties were less than one for all the treatments. The addition of this study to our knowledge base is that, AWD-TSG with BRRI dhan29 can be an As-safe practice without compromising yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Rokonuzzaman
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zh Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - C Wu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Wc Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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19
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Rokonuzzaman MD, Li WC, Wu C, Ye ZH. Human health impact due to arsenic contaminated rice and vegetables consumption in naturally arsenic endemic regions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119712. [PMID: 35798190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice and vegetables cultivated in naturally arsenic (As) endemic areas are the substantial source of As body loading for persons using safe drinking water. However, tracing As intake, particularly from rice and vegetables by biomarker analysis, has been poorly addressed. This field investigation was conducted to trace the As transfer pathway and measure health risk associated with consuming As enriched rice and vegetables. Purposively selected 100 farmers from five sub-districts of Chandpur, Bangladesh fulfilling specific requirements constituted the subjects of this study. A total of 100 Irrigation water, soils, rice, and vegetable samples were collected from those farmers' who donated scalp hair. Socio-demographic and food consumption data were collected face to face through questionnaire administration. The mean As level in irrigation water, soils, rice, vegetables, and scalp hairs exceeded the acceptable limit, while As content was significant at 0.1%, 5%, 0.1%, 1%, and 0.1% probability levels, respectively, in all five locations. Arsenic in scalp hair is significantly (p ≤ 0.01) correlated with that in rice and vegetables. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) for rice and vegetables is less than one and significant at a 1% probability level. The average daily intake (ADI) is higher than the RfD limit for As. Both grains and vegetables have an HQ (hazard quotient) > 1. Maximum incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) showed 2.8 per 100 people and 1.6 per 1000 people are at considerable and threshold risk, respectively. However, proteinaceous and nutritious food consumption might have kept the participants asymptomatic. The PCA analysis showed that the first principle component (PC1) explains 91.1% of the total variance dominated by As in irrigation water, grain, and vegetables. The dendrogram shows greater variations in similarity in rice and vegetables As, while the latter has been found to contribute more to human body loading compared to grain As.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Rokonuzzaman
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, PR China
| | - W C Li
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, PR China.
| | - C Wu
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, PR China; School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China
| | - Z H Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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20
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Chen P, Luo Q, Lin Y, Jin J, Hu KL, Wang F, Sun J, Chen R, Wei J, Chen G, Zhang D. Arsenic exposure during juvenile and puberty significantly affected reproductive system development of female SD rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113857. [PMID: 35809398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infertility affects about 10-15% couples over the world, among which a large number of cases the underlying causes are still unclear. Recent studies suggest that environmental factors may play an important role in these idiopathic infertilities. Arsenic is a heavy metal found in drinking water over the world. Its effect on the development of female reproductive system at the environmental-relevant levels is still largely unknown. To test the hypothesis that arsenic exposure during juvenile and puberty may affect sex maturation and female reproductive system development, SD rats of 3 weeks of age were exposed to arsenic with environmental-relevant levels (0, 0.02, 0.2, or 2 mg/L, n = 16/group) through drinking water for about 44 days until the rats reached adulthood (65 days of age). Arsenic exposure significantly reduced the weights of both ovary and uterus without affecting the body weight. Also, arsenic exposure disturbed estrus cycles and reduced the numbers of primordial follicles and corpora lutea while increased atretic follicles. In addition, arsenic reduced serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone but increased LH and FSH levels in dose-dependent manners. QPCR and Western blot experiments indicated arsenic selectively down-regulated ovarian steroidogenic-related proteins FSHR, STAR, CYP17A1, HSD3B1 and CYP19A1 and signaling molecules PKA-ERK-JNK-cJUN, without affecting AKT and CREB. As about reproductive capacity, arsenic-exposed dams had smaller pups, reduced litter size and lower number of male pups without a change in female pups. In conclusion, juvenile and pubertal arsenic exposures at environmental-relevant levels significantly reduced reproductive functions and capacity by adult. Since the lowest effective dose is very close to the government safety standards, the relevancy of arsenic over exposure to reproductive defects in human deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Jin
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Lun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Bibi I, Niazi NK, Shahid M, Ali F, Masood Ul Hasan I, Rahman MM, Younas F, Hussain MM, Mehmood T, Shaheen SM, Naidu R, Rinklebe J. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in the paddy soil-rice ecosystem of Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119492. [PMID: 35597483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) contamination of agricultural soils requires suitable criteria for regulating their toxicity limits in soil and food crops, which depends on their potential ecological risk spanning regional to global scales. However, no comprehensive study is available that links TE concentrations in paddy soil with ecological and human health risks in less developed regions like Pakistan. Here we evaluated the data set to establish standard guidelines for defining the hazard levels of various potentially toxic TEs (such as As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn) in agricultural paddy soils of Punjab, Pakistan. In total, 100 topsoils (at 0-15 cm depth) and 204 rice plant (shoot and grain) samples were collected from five ecological zones of Punjab (Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Vehari, Mailsi, and Burewala), representing the major rice growing regions in Pakistan. The degree of contamination (Cd) and potential ecological risk index (PERI) established from ecological risk models were substantially higher in 100% and 97% of samples, respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model revealed that the elevated TEs concentration, notably Cd, As, Cr, Ni, and Pb, in the agricultural paddy soil was attributed to the anthropogenic activities and groundwater irrigation. Moreover, the concentration of these TEs in rice grains was higher than the FAO/WHO's safe limits. This study provided a baseline, albeit critical knowledge, on the impact of TE-allied ecological and human health risks in the paddy soil-rice system in Pakistan; and it opens new avenues for setting TEs guidelines in agro-ecological zones globally, especially in underdeveloped regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, 4111, QLD, Australia; Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba, 4880, QLD, Australia.
| | - Israr Masood Ul Hasan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Fazila Younas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, PR China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, Himachal Pradesh, India
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22
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Niazi NK, Hussain MM, Bibi I, Shahid M, Ali F, Iqbal J, Shaheen SM, Abdelrahman H, Akhtar W, Wang H, Rinklebe J. The significance of eighteen rice genotypes on arsenic accumulation, physiological response and potential health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155004. [PMID: 35381235 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop that is susceptible to arsenic (As) contamination under paddy soil conditions depending on As uptake characteristics of the rice genotypes. Here we unveiled the significance of eighteen (fine and coarse) rice genotypes against As accumulation/tolerance, morphological and physiological response, and antioxidant enzymes-enabled defense pathways. Arsenic significantly affected rice plant morphological and physiological attributes, with relatively more impacts on fine compared to coarse genotypes. Grain, shoot, and root As uptake were lower in fine genotypes (0.002, 0.020, and 0.032 mg pot-1 DW, respectively) than that of coarse (0.031, 0.60, and 1.2 mg pot-1 DW, respectively). Various biochemical (pigment contents, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation) and defense (antioxidant enzymes) plant parameters indicated that the fine genotypes, notably Kainat and Basmati-385, possessed the highest As tolerance. Arsenic-induced risk indices exhibited greater hazard quotient (up to 1.47) and carcinogenic risk (up to 0.0066) for coarse genotypes compared to the fine ones, with the greatest risk for KSK-282. This study elaborates the pivotal role of genotypic variation among rice plants in As accumulation, which is crucial for mitigating the associated human health risk. Further research is required on molecular aspects, e.g., genetic sequencing, to examine rice genotypes variation in defense mechanisms to As contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Mareeba 4880, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 4111 Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Waseem Akhtar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
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23
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Liu J, Zhang W, Mei M, Wang T, Chen S, Li J. A Ca-rich biochar derived from food waste digestate with exceptional adsorption capacity for arsenic (III) removal via a cooperative mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Zhang X, Zhao R, Wu X, Mu W, Wu C. Delineating the controlling mechanisms of arsenic release into groundwater and its associated health risks in the Southern Loess Plateau, China. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 219:118530. [PMID: 35533622 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling arsenic (As) enrichment and mobilization associated with human health risk assessment of groundwater in the Longdong Basin, located in the southern part of the Loess Plateau, China, have been yet unexplained. This uncertainty is partly attributed to a poor understanding of groundwater arsenic management. To address this problem, this study investigated the occurrence and spatial distribution of As in unconfined groundwater (UG) and confined groundwater (CG) in the study area, integrated Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) and geochemical modeling to elucidate the mechanisms controlling As release and mobilization in groundwater, and conducted a health risk assessment of groundwater As. The results showed that 13.6% of UG samples (n = 66) and 22.4% of CG samples (n = 98) exceeded the WHO guideline limit of As (10 μg/L). The detailed hydrogeochemical studies showed that As-enrichment groundwater is dominated by Cl-Na type, and Gaillardet diagram indicated that evaporites weathering may contribute to As mobilization in CG. The SOM analysis combined with Spearman's correlation coefficient quantified the negative correlation between As and redox potential, dissolved oxygen, SO42-, NO3-, and the positive correlation between As and HCO3-, Mn in UG. In CG, As is positively correlated to pH and negatively to electrical conductivity, SO42-, Fe and Mn. The saturation indices of the mineral phases indicates an insignificant relationship between As and Fe. We conclude that under oxidizing conditions, evaporative controls and the desorption of Fe-oxides under alkaline and high salinity conditions are the dominant mechanisms controlling As release and mobilization in groundwater. In addition, exposure to groundwater As through drinking water posed potential risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects on children and adults. This study contributes to groundwater As management and sustainable safe groundwater supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiong Wu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wenping Mu
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chu Wu
- Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100083, China
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25
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Abstract
Arsenic in water bodies has increased to toxic levels and become a major issue worldwide. Among various treatment methods, the removal of As from polluted water with low-cost and environmental-friendly sorbents such as biochar is considered a promising technique nowadays. In a recent experiment, the treatment of As-contaminated water using egg shell biochar was studied. Various parameters affecting the sorption, such as pH, contact time, sorbent dose, As(V) concentration and the effects of anions, were also examined. The results revealed that at a pH of 4.5, a maximum sorption of 6.3 mg g−1 was observed, and the As(V) removal was 96% with an As concentration of 0.6 mg L−1 and a sorbent dose of 0.9 g L−1. At a contact time of 2 h (120 min), a maximum sorption of 6.3 mg g−1 was noted with a removal percentage of 96%. The sorption of As(V) was obtained at an optimal sorbent dose of 0.9 g L−1. The SEM-EDS data illustrated that biochar consisted of a large number of active sites for As(V) adsorption, and As appeared on the biochar surface after the sorption experiments. Moreover, XPS analyses also confirmed the presence of As(V) on the biochar surface after treatment with As-contaminated water. In a nutshell, the results of this study demonstrate that egg shell biochar has notable efficiency in the removal of As(V) from aqueous solution and that egg shell biochar could be a cost-effective and environmental-friendly sorbent for the treatment of As(V)-contaminated water, specifically in developing countries.
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26
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Metal levels of processed ready-to-eat stuffed mussels sold in Turkey: Health risk estimation. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Aftabtalab A, Rinklebe J, Shaheen SM, Niazi NK, Moreno-Jiménez E, Schaller J, Knorr KH. Review on the interactions of arsenic, iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides, and dissolved organic matter in soils, sediments, and groundwater in a ternary system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131790. [PMID: 34388870 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of arsenic (As) in groundwater threaten the environment and public health. Geogenically, groundwater As contamination predominantly occurs via its mobilization from underground As-rich sediments. In an aquatic ecosystem, As is typically driven by several underlying processes, such as redox transitions, microbially driven reduction of iron (Fe) oxide minerals, and release of associated As. Notably, dissolved As mobilized from soils and sediments exhibits high affinity for dissolved organic matter (DOM). Thus, high DOM concentrations can increase As mobility. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the complex interactions and biogeochemical cycling of As, DOM, and Fe oxides. This review collates knowledge regarding the fate of As in multicomponent As-DOM-Fe systems, including ternary complexes involving both Fe and DOM. Additionally, the release mechanisms of As from sediments into groundwater in the presence of both Fe and DOM have been discussed. The mechanisms of As mobilization/sorption at the solid-water interface can be affected by negatively charged DOM competing for sorption sites with As on Fe (oxy)(hydr)oxides and may be further modified by other anionic ubiquitous species such as phosphate, silicic acid, or sulfur. This review emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of DOM, Fe oxides, and related biogeochemical processes on As mobilization to aquifers. The review identifies important knowledge gaps that may aid in developing applicable practices for preventing the spread of As contamination in aquatic resources and traditional soil management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Aftabtalab
- Ecohydrology & Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, FB 14 Geosciences, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez
- Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jörg Schaller
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Holger Knorr
- Ecohydrology & Biogeochemistry Group, Institute of Landscape Ecology, FB 14 Geosciences, University of Münster, Germany.
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Ahmad S, Imran M, Murtaza B, Arshad M, Nawaz R, Waheed A, Hammad HM, Naeem MA, Shahid M, Niazi NK. Hydrogeochemical and health risk investigation of potentially toxic elements in groundwater along River Sutlej floodplain in Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:5195-5209. [PMID: 34009496 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding groundwater quality and hydrogeochemical behavior is important because consumption of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs)-contaminated drinking water may induce several health problems for humans and animals. In the current study, we examined the potential groundwater contamination with various PTEs (arsenic, As; cadmium, Cd; copper, Cu; manganese; Mn) and the PTEs-induced health risk. Groundwater (n = 111) was characterized for total As, Cd, Cu, and Mn concentrations and other water quality attributes along the River Sutlej floodplain of Punjab, Pakistan. Results revealed that groundwater, which is used for drinking purpose, contained high concentrations of As and Cd (mean As: 33 µg/L, mean Cd: 3 µg/L), exceeding 100% and 32% than the World Health Organization's safe limits (10 and 3 µg/L, respectively) in drinking water. The other water quality attributes (i.e., EC, HCO3, Cl and SO4) were also found above their safe limits in most of the wells. Hydrogeochemical data showed that groundwater was dominated with Na-SO4, Na-Cl, Ca/Mg-CO3 type saline water. The hazard quotient and cancer risk indices values calculated for As and Cd indicated potential threat (carcinogenic risk > 0.0001 and non-carcinogenic risk > 1.0) of drinking groundwater in the study area. This study shows that the groundwater along River Sutlej floodplain poses a health threat to the communities relying on it for drinking and irrigation due to high concentrations of As and Cd in water. Moreover, it is important to monitor groundwater quality in the adjacent areas along River Sutlej floodplain and initiate suitable mitigation and remediation programs for the safety of people's health in Punjab, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Agriculture & Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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29
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Hosseini SA, Samani MR, Toghraie D. Investigating the hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution applying bee carcasses and corpses modified with Polyaniline. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19117. [PMID: 34580324 PMCID: PMC8476580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently heavy metals in most industrial effluents which are among the most significant environmental pollutants. Hexavalent chromium is one of the most significant heavy metals. In this research for the first time, eliminating the hexavalent chromium from the aqueous medium/aquedia applying bee carcasses and corpses modified with polyethylene was examined. Adsorption experiments were conducted discontinuously on laboratory solutions, including hexavalent chromium. The optimal adsorption conditions such as different pH factors, contact time, initial chromium concentration, and adsorbent value on the adsorption rate were examined at different levels, and adsorption isotherms were plotted. Some adsorbent properties were examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, XRD analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and BET test to study the properties of the synthesized adsorbent. This study indicated that the highest percentage of removal related to polyethylene composite and bee carcasses in the presence of polyethylene glycol was 50.56% among the bee carcasses composites. The parameters effective on the adsorption process for polyethylene composite and bee carcasses and losses in the presence of polyethylene glycol suggested that the adsorption percentage increased for this composite by decreasing the pH, increasing the contact time, and increasing the adsorbent. The highest percentage of adsorption was obtained when the pH was 2, the contact time was 120 min and the adsorbent value was 8 g/L and the initial concentration of chromium was 100 ppm. The most optimal removal percentage was achieved at the pH = 2, the contact time was 30 min, and the adsorbent value was 2 g/L, and the initial chromium concentration was 100 ppm. The results of drawing adsorption isotherms also indicated that higher R2 had a better fit than Langmuir for polyethylene composite and bee carcasses in the polyethylene glycol Freundlich equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
| | - Majid Riahi Samani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran.
| | - Davood Toghraie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran.
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30
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Kurganskaya I, Niazi NK, Luttge A. A modeling approach for unveiling adsorption of toxic ions on iron oxide nanocrystals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126005. [PMID: 34229375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The era of advanced computer simulations in materials science enables a great potential to design in silico computational experiments for (nano-)material performance. The adsorption efficiency of nanoparticles in various environments can be unveiled by atomistic models and computer simulations. Arsenic (As) is one of the important globally distributed contaminants with a hazardous impact on human health and environment, and it can strongly bind with iron nanocrystals (e.g., hematite (Fe2O3)) depending on their shape and size. Here, we developed a novel Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model capable of exploring and delineating shape-efficiency dependence for Fe2O3 nanocrystals in contact with arsenate-contaminated water. This newly designed model demonstrated the performance of nanocrystals for removal of toxic (As) ions on their surface. The current model opens new avenues for designing further advanced KMC models for nanoparticles-toxic ions interactions, under varying environmentally relevant situations, e.g., groundwater, wetlands, and water treatment systems. In addition to bidentate adsorption complexes, implemented in the model presented, monodentate and outer-sphere adsorption complexes should be incorporated into the KMC model. Detailed environmental controls can be addressed by implementation of pH and background ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Kurganskaya
- Universtät Bremen, FB5, MARUM and MAPEX, Klagenfurter Str. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Luttge
- Universtät Bremen, FB5, MARUM and MAPEX, Klagenfurter Str. 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Erickson ML, Swanner ED, Ziegler BA, Havig JR. Months-long spike in aqueous arsenic following domestic well installation and disinfection: Short- and long-term drinking water quality implications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125409. [PMID: 33677323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high concentration geogenic arsenic via groundwater is a worldwide health concern. Well installation introduces oxic drilling fluids and hypochlorite (a strong oxidant) for disinfection, thus inducing geochemical disequilibrium. Well installation causes changes in geochemistry lasting 12 + months, as illustrated in a recent study of 250 new domestic wells in Minnesota, north-central United States. One study well had extremely high initial arsenic (1550 µg/L) that substantially decreased after 15 months (5.2 µg/L). The drilling and development of the study well were typical and ordinary; nothing observable indicated the very high initial arsenic concentration. We hypothesized that oxidation of arsenic-containing sulfides (which lowers pH) combined with low pH dissolution of arsenic-bearing Fe (oxyhydr)oxides caused the very high arsenic concentration. Geochemical equilibrium considerations and modeling supported our hypothesis. Groundwater equilibrium redox conditions are poised at the Fe(III)(s)/Fe(II)(aq) stability boundary, indicating arsenic-bearing Fe (oxyhydr)oxide mineral sensitivity to pH and redox changes. Changing groundwater geochemistry can have negative implications for home water treatment (e.g., reduced arsenic removal efficiency, iron fouling), which can lead to ongoing but unrecognized hazard of arsenic exposure from domestic well water. Our results may inform arsenic mobilization processes and geochemical sensitivity in similarly complex aquifers in Southeast Asia and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda L Erickson
- US Geological Survey, 2280 Woodale Drive, Mounds View, MN 55112, United States.
| | - Elizabeth D Swanner
- Department of Geological & Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, 253 Science, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
| | - Brady A Ziegler
- Department of Geosciences, Trinity University, One Trinity Place, #45, San Antonio, TX 78212, United States.
| | - Jeff R Havig
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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Maia LC, Soares LC, Alves Gurgel LV. A review on the use of lignocellulosic materials for arsenic adsorption. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112397. [PMID: 33823440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, bibliometric analysis was made of recent studies and current trends concerning the application of lignocellulosic materials as bioadsorbents for the removal of arsenic from aqueous systems. Evaluation was made of lignocellulosic adsorbents and their chemical characteristics, as well as interactions involved in the adsorption of arsenic, bioadsorbent reusage (desorption and re-adsorption), competition between co-existing ions in multi-element aqueous solutions, and applications of bioadsorbents in batch and continuous systems. Lignocellulosic biomass has been shown to be a promising source of new adsorbents, since it is a low-cost and renewable material. However, there seems to be no commercially available technology that uses bioadsorbents based on lignocellulosic biomass for arsenic removal. In addition, the structural modification of lignocellulosic biomass to improve its adsorption capacity and selectivity has proved to be a suitable strategy, with the service time and the selectivity of the bioadsorbent in the presence of co-existing ions the most critical aspects to be pursued. The competitive adsorption of co-existing anions (PO43-, SO42-, NO3-, and Cl-) by the adsorption sites, as well as life-cycle assessment and cost analysis are rarely reported. Complexation, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange and precipitation were the main interactions involved in the adsorption of arsenic on lignocellulosic materials. However, most studies have failed to prove the nature of the interactions. Macroscopic methods can be useful to evaluate the adsorption mechanism of arsenic on bioadsorbents of complex structure, such as lignocellulosic biomass (modified or not). Nevertheless, the elucidation of the adsorption mechanism requires experiments based on measurements at the microscopic level. The upscaling of biosorption technology for arsenic removal will only be possible through studies that investigate: i) the interactions involved in the adsorption process; ii) the transfer of bench-scale experiments to pilot-scale experiments with real contaminated water with low arsenic concentration; and iii) the life-cycle assessment of biosorbents produced from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cardoso Maia
- Group of Physical Organic Chemistry (GPOC), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro s/n°, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liliane Catone Soares
- Group of Physical Organic Chemistry (GPOC), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro s/n°, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Vinícius Alves Gurgel
- Group of Physical Organic Chemistry (GPOC), Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences (ICEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro s/n°, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Hussain MM, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Shahid M, Iqbal J, Shakoor MB, Ahmad A, Shah NS, Bhattacharya P, Mao K, Bundschuh J, Ok YS, Zhang H. Arsenic biogeochemical cycling in paddy soil-rice system: Interaction with various factors, amendments and mineral nutrients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145040. [PMID: 33581647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) contamination is a well-recognized environmental and health issue, threatening over 200 million people worldwide with the prime cases in South and Southeast Asian and Latin American countries. Rice is mostly cultivated under flooded paddy soil conditions, where As speciation and accumulation by rice plants is controlled by various geo-environmental (biotic and abiotic) factors. In contrast to other food crops, As uptake in rice has been found to be substantially higher due to the prevalence of highly mobile and toxic As species, arsenite (As(III)), under paddy soil conditions. In this review, we discussed the biogeochemical cycling of As in paddy soil-rice system, described the influence of critical factors such as pH, iron oxides, organic matter, microbial species, and pathways affecting As transformation and accumulation by rice. Moreover, we elucidated As interaction with organic and inorganic amendments and mineral nutrients. The review also elaborates on As (im)mobilization processes and As uptake by rice under the influence of different mineral nutrients and amendments in paddy soil conditions, as well as their role in mitigating As transfer to rice grain. This review article provides critical information on As contamination in paddy soil-rice system, which is important to develop suitable strategies and mitigation programs for limiting As exposure via rice crop, and meet the UN's key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs: 2 (zero hunger), 3 (good health and well-being), 12 (responsible consumption and production), and 13 (climate action)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, P.O. Box 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ahmad
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Groningenhaven 7, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program, & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China
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Abbas Z, Imran M, Natasha N, Murtaza B, Amjad M, Shah NS, Khan ZUH, Ahmad I, Ahmad S. Distribution and health risk assessment of trace elements in ground/surface water of Kot Addu, Punjab, Pakistan: a multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:351. [PMID: 34021412 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water is a key component for living beings to sustain life and for socio-economic development. Anthropogenic activities contribute significantly to ground/surface water contamination particularly with trace elements. The present study was designed to evaluate distribution and health risk assessment of trace elements in ground/surface water of the previously unexplored area, Tehsil Kot Addu, Southern-Punjab, Pakistan. Ground/surface water samples (n = 120) were collected from rural and urban areas of Kot Addu. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics: total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and EC (electrical conductivity), cations, anions, and trace elements particularly arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). All of the water characteristics were evaluated based on the water quality standards set by World Health Organization (WHO). Results revealed the suitability of water for drinking purpose with respect to physicochemical attributes. However, the alarming levels of trace elements especially As, Cd, and Pb make it unfit for drinking purpose. Noticeably, 23, 96, and 98% of water samples showed As, Cd, and Pb concentrations higher than the permissible limits. Overall, the estimated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to the exposed community was higher than the safety level of USEPA, suggesting the probability of cancer and other diseases through long-term exposure via ingestion routes. Therefore, this study demonstrated an urgent need for water filtration/purification techniques, and some quality control measures are warranted to protect the health of the exposed community in Tehsil Kot Addu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Natasha Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Saeed M, Rehman MYA, Farooqi A, Malik RN. WITHDRAWN: Co-exposure effects of arsenic and fluoride on intelligence and oxidative stress in school-aged children: A cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110168. [PMID: 32919972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasir Abdur Rehman
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abida Farooqi
- Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
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Qiao W, Guo H, He C, Shi Q, Zhao B. Unraveling roles of dissolved organic matter in high arsenic groundwater based on molecular and optical signatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124702. [PMID: 33296763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a crucial controlling factor in mobilizing arsenic. However, direct delineations of DOM regarding both optical properties and molecular signatures were rarely conducted in high-arsenic groundwater. Here, both groundwater and surface water were taken from the Hetao Basin, China, to decipher DOM properties with both optical spectrophotometer and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. The tryptophan-like component (C4) was averagely less than 30% in groundwater DOM, being positively associated with high H/C-ratio molecules (H/C > 1.2) and mainly grouped as highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds. Other three humic-like components (C1, C2, C3) had positive associations with low H/C-ratio molecules (H/C < 1.2), which mainly consisted of highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds, polyphenols, and polycyclic aromatics. Groundwater arsenic concentrations were positively correlated with humic-like, low H/C-ratio, and recalcitrant organic compounds, which may be the consequence of labile organic matter degradation. The degradation caused Fe(III) oxide reduction and mobilized the solid arsenic. In addition, high abundances of these recalcitrant organic compounds in high-arsenic groundwater may contribute to arsenic enrichment via electron shuttling, competition for surface sites, and complexation process. It suggested that groundwater proxies would be either the result or the cause of biogeochemical processes in aquifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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Herrera C, Moraga R, Bustamante B, Vilo C, Aguayo P, Valenzuela C, Smith CT, Yáñez J, Guzmán-Fierro V, Roeckel M, Campos VL. Characterization of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated from Arsenic-Rich Sediments, Atacama Desert, Chile. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030483. [PMID: 33668956 PMCID: PMC7996500 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a semimetal toxic for humans, is commonly associated with serious health problems. The most common form of massive and chronic exposure to As is through consumption of contaminated drinking water. This study aimed to isolate an As resistant bacterial strain to characterize its ability to oxidize As (III) when immobilized in an activated carbon batch bioreactor and to evaluate its potential to be used in biological treatments to remediate As contaminated waters. The diversity of bacterial communities from sediments of the As-rich Camarones River, Atacama Desert, Chile, was evaluated by Illumina sequencing. Dominant taxonomic groups (>1%) isolated were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. A high As-resistant bacterium was selected (Pseudomonas migulae VC-19 strain) and the presence of aio gene in it was investigated. Arsenite detoxification activity by this bacterial strain was determined by HPLC/HG/AAS. Particularly when immobilized on activated carbon, P. migulae VC-19 showed high rates of As(III) conversion (100% oxidized after 36 h of incubation). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a P. migulae arsenite oxidizing strain that is promising for biotechnological application in the treatment of arsenic contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Herrera
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Ruben Moraga
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1100000, Chile
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Brian Bustamante
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudia Vilo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Paulina Aguayo
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, EULA-Chile, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile
- Institute of Natural Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Concepcion, Campus El Boldal, Av. Alessandri N°1160, Concepcion 4090940, Chile
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Jorge Yáñez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Department of Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile;
| | - Victor Guzmán-Fierro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (V.G.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Marlene Roeckel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (V.G.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Víctor L. Campos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile; (C.H.); (B.B.); (C.V.); (P.A.); (C.V.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (V.L.C.)
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Hussain MM, Wang J, Bibi I, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Iqbal J, Mian IA, Shaheen SM, Bashir S, Shah NS, Hina K, Rinklebe J. Arsenic speciation and biotransformation pathways in the aquatic ecosystem: The significance of algae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:124027. [PMID: 33265048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of aquatic systems with arsenic (As) is considered to be an internationally-important health and environmental issue, affecting over 115 countries globally. Arsenic contamination of aquatic ecosystems is a global threat as it can enter the food chain from As-rich water and cause harmful impacts on the humans and other living organisms. Although different factors (e.g., pH, redox potential, iron/manganese oxides, and microbes) control As biogeochemical cycling and speciation in water systems, the significance of algal species in biotransformation of As is poorly understood. The overarching attribute of this review is to briefly elaborate various As sources and its distribution in water bodies and factors affecting As biogeochemical behavior in aqueous ecosystems. This review elucidates the intriguing role of algae in biotransformation/volatilization of As in water bodies under environmentally-relevant conditions. Also, we critically delineate As sorption, uptake, oxidation and reduction pathways of As by algae and their possible role in bioremediation of As-contaminated water (e.g., drinking water, wastewater). The current review provides the updated and useful framework for government and water treatment agencies to implement algae in As remediation programs globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahroz Hussain
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jianxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550082, PR China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ishaq Ahmad Mian
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Safdar Bashir
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Sub-campus Depalpur, Okara 56130, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Hina
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, Wuppertal 42285, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
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Anwar H, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khalid S, Tariq TZ, Ahmad S, Nadeem M, Abbas G. Risk assessment of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in Vigna radiata L. under wastewater and freshwater irrigation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129124. [PMID: 33288287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the use and management, wastewater generation can be a severe environmental dilemma or a potential source. Proper application and management of municipal water (MW) in agriculture could be its sustainable use. Until now, there is rare data about the combined application of wastewater and freshwater in agriculture that could be considered as sustainable water management strategy. Also, plant (oxidative) stress responses to wastewater application have been rarely investigated. Here, we elucidated the influence of MW irrigation, diluted with canal water (CW) and groundwater (tap water; TW), on Vigna radiata to evaluate (i) the accumulation of potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs; arsenic, copper, cadmium, iron, manganese, lead, nickel, zinc) in different plant tissues, (ii) biochemical modifications in plants, (iii) relative compartmentation of PTMs inside plant, and (iv) PTMs-induced health risk. Results revealed that the soil-plant transfer of PTMs and physiological changes in V. radiata varied depending on the irrigation water type. Noticeably, plants sequestered most of the PTM contents in roots (average 64%) and less were translocated to plant shoots. All the irrigation treatments provoked oxidative stress in V. radiata with high production of hydrogen peroxide, followed by an oxidation of membrane lipids and a decrease in chlorophyll content. The estimated cancer risk and hazard quotients values revealed a potential risk to human health (HQ: 2.2-108.8, CR: 0.0002-0.664), especially for arsenic, cadmium and lead. The integrated risk estimated from PTMs highlighted the unsuitability of all the treatments for crop irrigation. Therefore, in areas with high PTM levels in MW and freshwaters their mixed use is not an ideal management practice. Conclusively, this study helps to strictly monitor the quality of irrigation water before applying to crops and develop a suitable management and remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasnain Anwar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Tasveer Zahra Tariq
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Sub-Campus Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
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Bibi I, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Younas F, Naqvi SR, Shaheen SM, Imran M, Wang H, Hussaini KM, Zhang H, Rinklebe J. Hydrogeochemical and health risk evaluation of arsenic in shallow and deep aquifers along the different floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:124074. [PMID: 33254839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study delineated the distribution, (hydro)geochemical behavior and health risk of arsenic (As) in shallow (depth < 35 m; handpumps and electric pumps) and deep (depth > 35 m; tube wells) aquifers in five areas along the Indus River (Bhakar, Kallur Kot), Jhelum River (Jhelum) and Chenab River (Hafizabad, Gujranwala) floodplains of Punjab, Pakistan. Relatively, greater As concentration was observed in deep wells (mean: 24.3 µg L-1) compared to shallow wells (19.4 µg L-1), with groundwater As spanning 0.1-121.7 µg L-1 (n = 133) in three floodplains. Groundwater from Hafizabad (Chenab River floodplain) possessed the highest As (121.7 µg L-1), Na+ (180 mg L-1), Ca2+ (95 mg L-1), Cl- (101 mg L-1) and SO42- (1353 mg L-1) concentrations. Arsenic health risk modeling indicated the potential carcinogenic (value > 10-4) and non-carcinogenic (hazard quotient > 1.0) risks for groundwater of all areas, with the utmost risk estimated for Chenab floodplain and deep aquifers. Positive saturation index values for Fe oxide mineral phases may suggest their potential role in As mobilization/release in these aquifer environments. This study provides critically-important and baseline knowledge for a widespread groundwater As examination along these three floodplains, which is vital for launching suitable As mitigation and remediation programs to reduce the potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Fazila Younas
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Salman Raza Naqvi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences & Technology, 44000H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Khalid Mahmud Hussaini
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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41
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Enhancement of Biomass and Lipid Productivities of Scenedesmus sp. Cultivated in the Wastewater of the Dairy Industry. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are photoautotrophic microorganisms capable of producing compounds with potential bioenergetic applications as an alternative energy source due to the imminent exhaustion of fossil fuels, their impact on the environment, and the constant population increase. The mass cultivation of these microorganisms requires high concentrations of nutrients, which is not profitable if analytical grade culture media are used. A viable alternative is the use of agro-industrial wastewater, due to the metabolic flexibility of these microorganisms and their ability to take advantage of the nutrients present in these substrates. For the reasons mentioned above, the effect of the cultivation in wastewater from cheese processing on the growth parameters and biomass composition of Scenedesmus sp. was evaluated, and its nutrient removal capacity determined. A high lipid concentration was obtained in the cultures with the dairy effluent (507.81 ± 19.09 mg g−1) compared to the standard culture medium, while the growth parameters remained similar to the control medium. Scenedesmus sp. achieved high percentages of nutrient assimilation of the wastewater used (88.41% and 97.07% for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively). With the results obtained, the feasibility of cultivating microalgae in agro-industrial wastewater as an alternative culture medium that induces the accumulation of compounds with potential bioenergetic applications was verified.
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Maity S, Biswas R, Sarkar A. Comparative valuation of groundwater quality parameters in Bhojpur, Bihar for arsenic risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127398. [PMID: 32593818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic endosmosis causes a severe threat to human health within the developing countries. This study assessed the levels of geogenic arsenic and other heavy metals affecting the release of As in the aquifers within the drinking water sources in Bhojpur district of Bihar, India. Eighteen water samples were collected in triplicates from hand-dug wells in six neighboring villages in proximity to the River Ganga namely Bakhorapur, Gaziapur, Parasrampur (or Kanhachhapara), Saraiya, Paiga and Gundiinin. The physicochemical parameters, ionic content and heavy metal analysis of the collected water samples indicated the region to be highly contaminated with arsenic, zinc, manganese and iron. The arsenic and iron concentration ranged between 24.3 and 168.07 μg/L and 0.17-1.16 mg/L respectively, indicating the excessive withdrawal of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes with a significant correlation between both the metals. Elevated concentration of zinc in the region attributed to the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Concentration of manganese was also in the higher range of 0.05-1.15 mg/L, primarily due to the urbanized industrial activities. Human health risk assessment within two population groups in the region indicated that the overall water quality is slightly contaminated but the risk associated with it is low. Water Quality Index ranged from 29 to 48, signifying the water quality to be poor. Residual sodium carbonate values indicated that few water sample sources are not suitable for irrigation purposes whereas, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) values were within the acceptable limits to be used for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Maity
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
| | - Rimi Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
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43
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Khalil U, Bilal Shakoor M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Nasser Alyemeni M, Wijaya L. Adsorption-reduction performance of tea waste and rice husk biochars for Cr(VI) elimination from wastewater. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Murtaza B, Amjad M, Shahid M, Imran M, Shah NS, Abbas G, Naeem MA, Amjad M. Compositional and health risk assessment of drinking water from health facilities of District Vehari, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:2425-2437. [PMID: 31712939 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a potentially toxic and carcinogenic metalloid. It has gained considerable attention owing to its high ecotoxic nature. High As contamination of groundwater in scattered areas is the current status of Pakistan. A number of assessments exist for the As contamination of the drinking water in District Vehari, Pakistan. However, there is scarcity of data about As contents in drinking water of health facilities and healthcare centers in District Vehari. The current study, therefore, was carried out to assess As concentration and associated health risk in the drinking water of three health facilities (district head quarter, rural health center and basic health unit) of District Vehari. In total, 75 drinking water samples were collected and examined for As contents in addition to physicochemical characteristics such as electrical conductivity, pH, total soluble salts, chloride, carbonates, bicarbonates, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, calcium, magnesium and iron. Results indicated that the groundwater samples are not fully fit for drinking purposes with respect to several parameters, especially the alarming levels of As. It was found that 52% of drinking water samples of Vehari have As concentration greater than WHO permissible limit (10 µg/L) and 17% have As concentration greater than Pak-EPA permissible limit (50 µg/L). The risk assessment parameters (average daily dose, hazard quotient and carcinogenic risk) showed possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with ingestion of As-contaminated drinking water in the healthcare facilities. Based on the results of the present study, it is anticipated that hospitals and health centers in Vehari are in need of safe drinking water. The implementation of national/international standards for drinking water in healthcare facilities is a necessary measure to improve the services and increase local access to safe drinking water. The same may be applied to other public offices and organizations such as educational institutes and district government offices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Public Health Engineering Department, District Water Testing Laboratory, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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45
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Kumar A, Singh CK, Bostick B, Nghiem A, Mailloux B, van Geen A. Regulation of groundwater arsenic concentrations in the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej floodplains of Punjab, India. GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA 2020; 276:384-403. [PMID: 34054136 PMCID: PMC8158677 DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent testing has shown that shallow aquifers of the Ravi River floodplain are more frequently affected by groundwater arsenic (As) contamination than other floodplains of the upper Indus River basin. In this study, we explore the geochemical origin of this contrast by comparing groundwater and aquifer sand composition in the 10-30 m depth range in 11 villages along the Ravi and adjacent Beas and Sutlej rivers. The drilling was preceded by testing wells in the same villages with field kits not only for As but also for nitrate (NO3 -), iron (Fe), and sulfate (SO4 2-). Concentrations of NO3 - were ≥20 mg/L in a third of the wells throughout the study area, although conditions were also sufficiently reducing to maintain >1 mg/L dissolved Fe in half of all the wells. The grey to grey-brown color of sand cuttings quantified with reflectance measurements confirms extensive reduction of Fe oxides in aquifers of the affected villages. Remarkably high levels of leachable As in the sand cuttings determined with the field kit and As concentration up to 40 mg/kg measured by X-ray fluorescence correspond to depth intervals of high As in groundwater. Anion-exchange separation in the field and synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy of sand cuttings preserved in glycerol indicate speciation in both groundwater and aquifer sands that is dominated by As(V) in the most enriched depth intervals. These findings and SO4 2- concentrations ≥20 mg/L in three-quarters of the sampled wells suggest that high levels of NO3 -, presumably from extensive fertilizer application, may have triggered the release of As by oxidizing sulfide-bound As supplied by erosion of black shale and slate in the Himalayas. Radiocarbon dating of sub-surface clay cuttings indicates that multiple episodes of inferred As-sulfide input reached the Ravi floodplain over the past 30 kyr. Why the other river basins apparently did not receive similar inputs of As-sulfide remains unclear. High NO3 - in groundwater may at the same time limit concentrations of As in groundwater to levels lower than they could have been by oxidizing both Fe(II) and As(III). In this particular setting, a kit can be used to analyze sand cuttings for As while drilling in order to target As-safe depths for installing domestic wells by avoiding intervals with high concentrations of As in aquifer sands with the well screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi
| | - Chander Kumar Singh
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi
| | - Benjamin Bostick
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Athena Nghiem
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Brian Mailloux
- Environmental Sciences Department, Barnard College, New York, USA
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46
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Ali S, Rizwan M, Shakoor MB, Jilani A, Anjum R. High sorption efficiency for As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solutions using novel almond shell biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125330. [PMID: 31739251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) presence in surface reservoirs and groundwater is considered as an extremely alarming issue around the globe. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the sorption potential of almond shell (ALS) and almond shell biochar (ASB) based sorbents for the removal of As(III)/As(V) from As-contaminated aqueous solutions. The maximum As(III) sorption capacity of ALS and ASB were 4.6 and 4.86 mg g-1, respectively at an initial As concentration of 5 mg L-1, pH ∼ 7.2 and sorbent dose of 0.6 g L-1. Similarly, in case of As(V) the maximum sorption capacities were reported as 3.45 and 3.6 mg g-1 by ALS and ASB respectively. Almond shell biochar removed 10-25% higher As(III)/As(V) compared to the ALS. The isotherm modeling results revealed that both for As(III) and As(V), Langmuir model presented the suitable fit to the equilibrium data compared to other model showing the monolayer sorption to be a dominant sorption mechanism. The FTIR and XPS spectroscopy revealed that mostly -OH functional groups along with some other aromatic and/or aliphatic carbon- and oxygen-rich groups (CC-C, -C-H, CO) were responsible for As sorption by both sorbents. It is concluded that ASB can remove As, notably As(III) from water more efficiently compared to natural ALS. Overall, the results of this research reveal that biochar conversion of ALS can enhance the sorption capacity for As in contaminated waters such as drinking water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University (CMU), Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen City, Fujian, 361021, China.
| | - Asim Jilani
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rameez Anjum
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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47
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Source and Mobilization Mechanism of Iron, Manganese and Arsenic in Groundwater of Shuangliao City, Northeast China. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive levels of Fe, Mn and As are the main factors affecting groundwater quality in Songliao plain, northeast China. However, there are few studies on the source and mobilization mechanisms of Fe, Mn and As in the groundwater of Northeastern China. This study takes Shuangliao city in the middle of Songliao plain as an example, where the source and mobilization mechanisms of iron, manganese and arsenic in groundwater in the study area were analyzed by statistical methods and spatial analysis. The results show that the source of Fe and Mn in the groundwater of the platform is the iron and manganese nodules in the clay layer, while, in the river valley plain, it originates from the soil and the whole aquifer. The TDS, fluctuation in groundwater levels and the residence time are the important factors affecting the content of Fe and Mn in groundwater. The dissolution of iron and manganese minerals causes arsenic adsorbed on them to be released into groundwater. This study provides a basis for the rational utilization of groundwater and protection of people’s health in areas with high iron, manganese and arsenic contents.
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48
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Shah AH, Shahid M, Khalid S, Shabbir Z, Bakhat HF, Murtaza B, Farooq A, Akram M, Shah GM, Nasim W, Niazi NK. Assessment of arsenic exposure by drinking well water and associated carcinogenic risk in peri-urban areas of Vehari, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:121-133. [PMID: 31054072 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic element. It has received considerable consideration worldwide in recent years due to its highest toxicity to human, and currently, high concentrations observed in the groundwater. Some recent media and research reports also highlighted possible As contamination of groundwater systems in Pakistan. However, there is a scarcity of data about As contents in groundwater in different areas/regions of the country. Consequently, the current study estimated the As concentration in the groundwater used for drinking purpose in 15 peri-urban sites of district Vehari, Pakistan. In total, 127 groundwater samples were collected and examined for As contents in addition to physicochemical characteristics such as temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, total soluble salts, chloride, carbonates, bicarbonates, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium and barium. Results indicated that the groundwater samples were not fully fit for drinking purposes with several parameters, especially the alarming levels of As (mean As: 46.9 µg/L). It was found that 83% groundwater samples of peri-urban sites in district Vehari have As concentration greater than WHO lower permissible limit (10 µg/L). The risk assessment parameters (mean hazard quotient: 3.9 and mean cancer risk: 0.0018) also showed possible carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with ingestion of As-contaminated groundwater at peri-urban sites. Based on the findings, it is anticipated that special monitoring and management of groundwater is necessary in the studied area in order to curtail the health risks associated with the use of As-contaminated drinking water. Moreover, appropriate remediation and removal of As from groundwater is also imperative for the study area before being used for drinking purpose to avoid As exposure and related risks to the local community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Haidar Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Shabbir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Islamabad, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
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Idrees M, Batool S. Environmental risk assessment of chronic arsenic in drinking water and prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:232-237. [PMID: 29952721 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1494754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic (As) unprotection in drinking water can lead to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between chronic As in drinking water and the prevalence of T2DM. A study was conducted in targeted urban areas of Peshawar city of KPK, Pakistan, where drinking water is heavily contaminated with chronic arsenic. Participants protected to arsenic were selected from Kohat city of KPK, Pakistan (where people consumed water that is free from As contamination) and treated as the control group. People with arsenic-related skin lesions were defined as participants unprotected to arsenic. T2DM was diagnosed using a glucometer following the fasting blood glucose ≥6.0 mmol L-1 from the WHO guideline. The common odds ratio for T2DM among participants unprotected to arsenic was <4. The Mantel-Haenszel weighted prevalence ratio with 95% of confidence interval for confounding factors were (age <4 m femininity <4 and body mass index >4). The results revealed that designated association were important. The findings suggested that unprotected chronic arsenic in drinking water may be a risk factor of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idrees
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Saima Batool
- MOE Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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50
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Kumar A, Singh CK. Arsenic enrichment in groundwater and associated health risk in Bari doab region of Indus basin, Punjab, India. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113324. [PMID: 31672362 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated groundwater is considered as one of the most important pathways of human exposure to the geogenic contaminants. Present study has been conducted in a part of Indus basin to investigate the presence and spatial distribution of arsenic (As) and other trace metals in groundwater. The As concentration varies from bdl-255.6 μg/L and 24.6% of the 73 collected groundwater samples have As above world health organization (WHO) guideline of 10 μg/L. High concentration of As is found along the newer alluvium of Ravi River. As is found with high bicarbonate (HCO3-) and Iron (Fe) and low nitrate (NO3-) indicating reductive dissolution of Fe bearing minerals. However, silicate weathering along with high sulphate (SO42) and positive oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) indicates mixed redox conditions. Weathering of minerals along with other major hydrogeochemical process are responsible for composition of groundwater. With 31.5% of the samples, sodium bicarbonate (Na-HCO3) is the major water facies followed by magnesium bicarbonate (Mg-HCO3) in 30% of samples. As, Fe and other trace metals including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) were used to calculate the health risk for children and adults in the region. Out of 73 samples, 58% has high Fe, 32.8% has high Zn, and 4.1% has high Cd which are above the prescribed limits of WHO guidelines. Health risk of the population has been assessed using chronic dose index (CDI), hazardous quotients (HQ) and hazardous index (HI) for children and adults. The mean CDI values follows the order as Fe > Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Cd, while the HQ values indicates high As hazards for both children and adults. 43.8% of the groundwater samples have high HI for adults, however, 49.3% has high HI for children indicating higher risk for children compared to adults. A large-scale testing should be prioritized to test the wells for As and other trace metals in the study region to reduce health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Chander Kumar Singh
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, 110070, India.
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