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Harriage S, Harasheh A, Schultz N, Long B. Bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals by aquatic flora in an Australian river system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174361. [PMID: 38960202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are emerging contaminants in the environment and are a ubiquitous presence in rivers downstream of wastewater treatment plant outfalls. Questions remain about the persistence of pharmaceuticals in rivers, and the uptake and bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals by aquatic plants. Our study took place in the Yarrowee/Leigh/Barwon River system in southeastern Australia. We quantified the concentrations of five pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, primidone, propranolol, tramadol, and venlafaxine) in surface water at five sites along a 144-km stretch of river, downstream of the presumed primary point source (a wastewater treatment plant outfall). We quantified pharmaceuticals in the leaves of two aquatic plant species (Phragmites australis and Vallisneria australis) sampled at each site, and calculated bioconcentration factors. All five pharmaceuticals were detected in surface waters, and the highest detected concentration exceeded 500 ng.L-1 (tramadol). Four of the pharmaceuticals (all except tramadol) were detected and quantified at all sites, including the furthest site from the outfall (144 km). Carbamazepine showed less attenuation with distance from the outfall than the other pharmaceuticals. Carbamazepine and venlafaxine were quantified in the leaves of both aquatic plant species (range: 10-31 ng.g-1), and there was evidence that bioconcentration factors increased with decreasing surface water concentrations. The study demonstrates the potential long-distance persistence of pharmaceuticals in river systems, and the bioconcentration of pharmaceuticals by aquatic plants in natural ecosystems. These phenomena deserve greater attention as aquatic plants are a potential point of transfer of pharmaceuticals from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Harriage
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahmad Harasheh
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nick Schultz
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Long
- Future Regions Research Centre, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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Ariyani M, Jansen LJM, Balzer-Rutgers P, Hofstra N, van Oel P, van de Schans MGM. Antibiotic residues in the cirata reservoir, Indonesia and their effect on ecology and the selection for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119992. [PMID: 39276829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues, their mixture toxicity, and the potential selection for antibiotic-resistant bacteria could pose a problem for water use and the ecosystem of reservoirs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence, concentration, distribution, and ecological risks associated with various antibiotics in the Cirata reservoir, Indonesia. In our water and sediment samples, we detected 24 out of the 65 antibiotic residues analyzed, revealing a diverse range of antibiotic classes present. Notably, sulphonamides, diaminopyrimidine, and lincosamides were frequently found in the water, while the sediment predominantly contained tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Most antibiotic classes reached their highest concentrations in the water during the dry season. However, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines showed their highest concentrations in the water during the wet season. Ecotoxicological risk assessments indicated that the impact of most antibiotic residues on aquatic organisms was negligible, except for fluoroquinolones. Looking at the impact on cyanobacteria, however, varying risks were indicated, ranging from medium to critical, with antibiotics like sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and lincomycin posing substantial threats. Among these, ciprofloxacin emerged as the antibiotic with the strongest risk. Furthermore, fluoroquinolones may have the potential to contribute to the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The presence of mixtures of antibiotic residues during the wet season significantly impacted species loss, with Potentially Affected Fraction of Species (msPAF) values exceeding 0.75 in almost 90% of locations. However, the impact of mixtures of antibiotic residues in sediment remained consistently low across all locations and seasons. Based on their occurrences and associated risks, 12 priority antibiotic residues were identified for monitoring in the reservoir and its tributaries. Moreover, the study suggests that river inflow serves as the most significant source of antibiotic residues in the reservoir. Further investigations into the relative share attribution of antibiotic sources in the reservoir is recommended to help identify effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranti Ariyani
- Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708, PB, Netherlands; Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708, WB, Netherlands; National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Research Centre for Environment & Clean Technology, KST Samaun Samadikun, Jl. Sangkuriang, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia.
| | - Larissa J M Jansen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708, WB, Netherlands
| | - Paula Balzer-Rutgers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708, WB, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Hofstra
- Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708, PB, Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Oel
- Water Resources Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen, 6708, PB, Netherlands
| | - Milou G M van de Schans
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University & Research, Akkermaalsbos 2, Wageningen, 6708, WB, Netherlands
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Wilkinson JL, Thornhill I, Oldenkamp R, Gachanja A, Busquets R. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment: How Can Regions at Risk be Identified in the Future? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:575-588. [PMID: 37818878 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are an indispensable component of a healthy society. However, they are well-established environmental contaminants, and many can elicit biological disruption in exposed organisms. It is now a decade since the landmark review covering the top 20 questions on PPCPs in the environment (Boxall et al., 2012). In the present study we discuss key research priorities for the next 10 years with a focus on how regions where PPCPs pose the greatest risk to environmental and human health, either now or in the future, can be identified. Specifically, we discuss why this problem is of importance and review our current understanding of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. Foci include PPCP occurrence and what drives their environmental emission as well as our ability to both quantify and model their distribution. We highlight critical areas for future research including the involvement of citizen science for environmental monitoring and using modeling techniques to bridge the gap between research capacity and needs. Because prioritization of regions in need of environmental monitoring is needed to assess future/current risks, we also propose four criteria with which this may be achieved. By applying these criteria to available monitoring data, we narrow the focus on where monitoring efforts for PPCPs are most urgent. Specifically, we highlight 19 cities across Africa, Central America, the Caribbean, and Asia as priorities for future environmental monitoring and risk characterization and define four priority research questions for the next 10 years. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:575-588. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wilkinson
- Environment and Geography Department, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian Thornhill
- School of Environment, Education and Development, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rik Oldenkamp
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony Gachanja
- Department of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosa Busquets
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kingston University London, Kingston-upon-Thames, UK
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Spilsbury F, Kisielius V, Bester K, Backhaus T. Ecotoxicological mixture risk assessment of 35 pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents following post-treatment with ozone and/or granulated activated carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167440. [PMID: 37774874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the risk posed by mixtures of pharmaceuticals is a goal of current initiatives such as the European Green Deal to reduce anthropological environmental impacts. Wastewater effluent typically contains large numbers of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). For some APIs, existing technology such as conventional activated sludge (CAS) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have removal rates below 20 %, thus the WWTP discharges are adding to the toxic burden of receiving waters. We present an environmental risk assessment of mixtures of 35 APIs in effluent samples from 82 Northern European WWTPs using the concentration addition model, and identify the respective risk-driving APIs. This is then compared to a corresponding mixture risk assessment of effluent samples from the Danish Hillerød WWTP subjected to post-treatment with varying specific ozone doses (0.15-1.05 mgO3/mgDOC) and/or granulated activated carbon (GAC). All 82 WWTP effluent samples exceeded risk thresholds by at least a factor of 30, with a median RQSUM of 92.9, highlighting the need for effluent post-treatment and/or a substantial dilution in the recipient waters. Antibiotics, analgesics and anti-depressants were among the top risk drivers with 99 % of the average mixture risk attributable to azithromycin, diclofenac, venlafaxine, clarithromycin and mycophenolic acid. Effluent mixture risk was reduced by ozonation in a concentration-dependent manner, decreasing below threshold levels to a median RQSUM of 0.83 following treatment with 0.65 mgO3/mg DOC. Fresh GAC was also effective at reducing the mixture risk both alone and with ozone treatment, with median RQSUM of 0.04 and 0.07 respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present a risk assessment of pharmaceutical mixtures in effluent comparing "conventional" WWTP processes with additional post-treatment with ozone and/or GAC for reducing the joint risks of pharmaceutical mixtures for recipient waters. We demonstrate the need for additional WWTP treatment technologies, and the efficacy of GAC and ozonation in decreasing the risk to the aquatic environment from pharmaceutical mixtures to below acceptable threshold limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Spilsbury
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Vaidotas Kisielius
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kai Bester
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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5
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Malnes D, Waara S, Figuière R, Ahrens L, Wiberg K, Köhler SJ, Golovko O. Hazard screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden's three largest lakes and their associated rivers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131376. [PMID: 37094447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances have recently garnered increased attention by environmental researchers, the water sector and environmental protection agencies. In this study, acute and chronic species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were retrieved from literature data for previously quantified contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Swedish surface waters (n = 92) and risk quotients (RQ) were calculated. To better understand the characteristics of the detected CECs in non-urban lake sites (n = 71), these compounds were checked against established criteria for potentially toxic PMs (PM(T)s) and occurrence in the aquatic environment, respectively. For the CECs with missing SSDs (n = 15 [acute], n = 41 [chronic]), ecotoxicity data were extracted for eight taxonomic groups, and if data were sufficient (n ≥ 3), SSDs were derived. The retrieved and newly developed SSDs were then used in an environmental hazard assessment (EHA) in the investigated Swedish rivers and lakes. In the rivers, 8 CECs had RQ> 1 in at least one location, and 20 CECs posed a moderate risk (0.01 < RQ < 1). In total, 21 of the 71 detected substances had already been identified as PM(T)/vPvM substances. Our study shows the importance of studying field data at large spatial scale to reveal potential environmental hazards far from source areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Malnes
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sylvia Waara
- Rydberg Laboratory of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental and Biosciences, Halmstad University, SE-301 18, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Romain Figuière
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University (ACES), SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan J Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Gustavsson M, Molander S, Backhaus T, Kristiansson E. Risk assessment of chemicals and their mixtures are hindered by scarcity and inconsistencies between different environmental exposure limits. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115372. [PMID: 36709027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In chemical risk assessment, measured or modelled environmental concentrations are compared to environmental exposure limits (EELs), such as Predicted No Effect Concentrations (PNECs) or hazardous concentrations for 5% of species (HC05s) derived from species sensitivity distributions (SSDs). However, for many chemicals the EELs include large uncertainties or, in the worst case, the necessary data for their estimation are completely missing. This makes the assessment of chemical risks and any subsequent implementation of management strategies challenging. In this study we analyzed the uncertainty of EELs and its impact on chemical risk assessment. First, we compared three individual EEL datasets, two primarily based on experimental data and one based on computational predictions. The comparison demonstrates large disagreements between EEL data sources, with experimentally derived EELs differing by more than seven orders of magnitude. In a case-study, based on the predicted emissions of 2005 chemicals, we showed that these uncertainties lead to significantly different risk assessment outcomes, including large differences in the magnitude of the total risk, risk driver identification, and the ranking of use categories as risk contributors. We also show that the large data-gaps in EEL datasets cannot be covered by commonly used computational approaches (QSARs). We conclude that an expanded framework for interpreting risk characterization outcomes is needed. We also argue that the large data-gaps present in ecotoxicological data need to be addressed in order to achieve the European zero pollution vision as the growing emphasis on ambient exposures will further increase the demand for accurate and well-established EELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gustavsson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - S Molander
- Division of Environmental Systems Analysis, Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Backhaus
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Kristiansson
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Thakur S, Mohiuddin I, Singh R, Kaur V. Selective quantification of diclofenac from groundwater and pharmaceutical samples by magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer-based sorbent coupled with the HPLC-PDA detection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27431-1. [PMID: 37156956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a pharmaceutical contaminant of water bodies and therefore, improvement of analytical techniques for its removal and quantitation is one of the current interests of analysts. Herein, DCF selective magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) has been fabricated and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating scanning magnetometer, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analyzer. Furthermore, the protocol for the quantification of DCF using MMIP-HPLC-PDA combo has been optimized by investigating the effect of the amount of MMIP, type and volume of eluent, and variation of pH. The optimized protocol suggested a method detection limit of 0.042 ng mL-1 and linearity of results in the range 0.1-100 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.99). The fabricated material offered recovery of DCF up to 96.38-99.46% from groundwater and pharmaceutical samples with a relative standard deviation of <4%. In addition, the material was found selective and sensitive for DCF among its analogous drugs like mefenamic acid, ketoprofen, fenofibrate, aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh, 160011, India
| | - Irshad Mohiuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Raghubir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Sector 10, Chandigarh, 160011, India
| | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Enguita FJ, Pereira S, Leitão AL. Transcriptomic Analysis of Acetaminophen Biodegradation by Penicillium chrysogenum var. halophenolicum and Insights into Energy and Stress Response Pathways. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040408. [PMID: 37108863 PMCID: PMC10146002 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acetaminophen (APAP), an active component of many analgesic and antipyretic drugs, is one of the most concerning trace contaminants in the environment and is considered as an emergent pollutant of marine and aquatic ecosystems. Despite its biodegradability, APAP has become a recalcitrant compound due to the growth of the global population, the ease of availability, and the inefficient wastewater treatment applied. (2) Methods: In this study, we used a transcriptomic approach to obtain functional and metabolic insights about the metabolization of APAP by a phenol-degrading fungal strain, Penicillium chrysogenum var. halophenolicum. (3) Results: We determined that the transcriptomic profile exhibited by the fungal strain during APAP degradation was very dynamic, being characterized by an abundance of dysregulated transcripts which were proportional to the drug metabolization. Using a systems biology approach, we also inferred the protein functional interaction networks that could be related to APAP degradation. We proposed the involvement of intracellular and extracellular enzymes, such as amidases, cytochrome P450, laccases, and extradiol-dioxygenases, among others. (4) Conclusions: Our data suggested that the fungus could metabolize APAP via a complex metabolic pathway, generating nontoxic metabolites, which demonstrated its potential in the bioremediation of this drug.
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Gayosso-Morales MA, Rivas-Castillo AM, Lucas-Gómez I, López-Fernández A, Calderón AV, Fernández-Martínez E, Bernal JO, González-Pérez BK. Microalgae, a current option for the bioremediation of pharmaceuticals: a review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 68:167-179. [PMID: 36367638 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01013-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, research on the use of microalgae as an option for bioremediation purposes of pharmaceutical compounds is reported and discussed thoroughly. Pharmaceuticals have been detected in water bodies around the world, attracting attention towards the increasing potential risks to humans and aquatic biota. Unfortunately, pharmaceuticals have no regulatory standards for safe disposal in many countries. Despite the advances in new analytical techniques, the current wastewater treatment facilities in many countries are ineffective to remove the whole presence of pharmaceutical compounds and their metabolites. Though new methods are substantially effective, removal rates of drugs from wastewater make the cost-effectiveness ratio a not viable option. Therefore, the necessity for investigating and developing more adequate removal treatments with a higher efficiency rate and at a lower cost is mandatory. The present review highlights the algae-based removal strategies for bioremediation purposes, considering their pathway as well as the removal rate and efficiency of the microalgae species used in assays. We have critically reviewed both application of living and non-living microalgae biomass for bioremediation purposes considering the most commonly used microalgae species. In addition, the use of modified and immobilized microalgae biomass for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from water was discussed. Furthermore, research considering various microalgal species and their potential use to detoxify organic and inorganic toxic compounds were well evaluated in the review. Further research is required to exploit the potential use of microalgae species as an option for the bioremediation of pharmaceuticals in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Aaaron Gayosso-Morales
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Blvd. Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla 5, Los Heroes, C.P. 43816, Tizayuca, Hidalgo, México
| | - Andrea M Rivas-Castillo
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Blvd. Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla 5, Los Heroes, C.P. 43816, Tizayuca, Hidalgo, México
| | - Isaac Lucas-Gómez
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Blvd. Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla 5, Los Heroes, C.P. 43816, Tizayuca, Hidalgo, México
- Doctorado en Nanociencias Y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación Y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av, Instituto Politécnico Nacional C. P, 07360, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Abelardo López-Fernández
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Blvd. Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla 5, Los Heroes, C.P. 43816, Tizayuca, Hidalgo, México
| | - Alejandro Valdez Calderón
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Blvd. Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla 5, Los Heroes, C.P. 43816, Tizayuca, Hidalgo, México
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Research in Biology of Reproduction, Medicine Department, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Calle Dr. Eliseo Ramírez Ulloa No 400, Col. Doctores, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México
| | | | - Brenda Karen González-Pérez
- Universidad Tecnológica de La Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México, Blvd. Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla 5, Los Heroes, C.P. 43816, Tizayuca, Hidalgo, México.
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10
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Ojemaye CY, Petrik L. Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Marine Environment Around False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa: Occurrence and Risk-Assessment Study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:614-634. [PMID: 33783837 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the marine environment has been increasing as a result of anthropogenic activities. The preservation of marine ecosystems as well as the safety of harvested seafood are nowadays a global concern. In the present study, levels of pharmaceuticals and personal care products were assessed in different environmental compartments in the near-shore marine environment of False Bay, Cape Town, South Africa. The study revealed the presence of these persistent chemical compounds in different environmental samples from this location. Diclofenac was the most dominant compound detected, with higher concentration than the other pharmaceutical compounds, as well as being present in almost all the samples from the different sites (seawater, 3.70-4.18 ng/L; sediment, 92.08-171.89 ng/g dry wt; marine invertebrates, 67.67-780.26 ng/g dry wt; seaweed, 101.50-309.11 ng/g dry wt). The accumulation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the different species of organisms reflects the increasing anthropogenic pressure taking place at the sampling sites along the bay, as a result of population growth, resident lifestyle as well as poorly treated sewage effluent discharge from several associated wastewater-treatment plants. The concentration of these contaminants is in the order marine biota > sediments > seawater. The contaminants pose a low acute and chronic risk to the selected trophic levels. A public awareness campaign is needed to reduce the pollution at the source, as well as wastewater discharge limits need to be more stringent. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:614-634. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y Ojemaye
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leslie Petrik
- Environmental and Nano Science Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Cho M, Kim K. Diclofenac modified the root system architecture of Arabidopsis via interfering with the hormonal activities of auxin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125402. [PMID: 33626476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a pharmaceutical and personal care product, is accumulating in various environmental matrices worldwide. Increased irrigation has facilitated an influx of environmental diclofenac into agricultural products, which potentially threatens non-target living organisms. In this study, we demonstrated that diclofenac modified the growth and root developmental processes of plants by disturbing the activity of auxin, a group of major phytohormones. Exogenous diclofenac treatment retarded growth and induced oxidative stress in young seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. In the developmental perspective, diclofenac altered the root system architecture, which was also similarly observed under exogenous IAA (a natural form of phytoalexins) treatment. The effects of diclofenac on the root development of A. thaliana were mediated through canonical auxin signaling pathways. However, when diclofenac and IAA were treated in combination, diclofenac suppressed the activity of IAA in root system architecture. At the molecular level, diclofenac significantly inhibited the activity of IAA upregulating the expression of early auxin-responsive marker genes. In conclusion, diclofenac modified the root development of A. thaliana via interfering with the activities of natural auxin. These results indicate that diclofenac could potentially act as an environmental contaminant disturbing the natural developmental processes of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cho
- SELS Center, Division of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Environmental Science, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Kangmin Kim
- SELS Center, Division of Biotechnology, College of Bioresources and Environmental Science, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Gutiérrez-Noya VM, Gómez-Oliván LM, Ramírez-Montero MDC, Islas-Flores H, Galar-Martínez M, García-Medina S. Survival and malformations rates, oxidative status in early life stages of Cyprinus carpio due to exposure to environmentally realistic concentrations of paracetamol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144585. [PMID: 33454465 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (PCM) is among the most consumed analgesic and antipyretic drugs worldwide. Due to its high consumption, this drug has been reported ubiquitously on different water bodies, posing a real threat to aquatic organisms. Until now, several studies have pointed out that PCM may induce oxidative stress, histological damage and developmental disorders on different aquatic species. Nonetheless, there is still a huge knowledge gap about the toxic effects that PCM may induce in species of commercial interest such as the common carp Cyprinus carpio. The aim of this study was to evaluate survival and malformation rates induced by PCM (0.5 μg/L - 3.5 μg/L) in early life stages of common carp. Furthermore, oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated at 72 and 96 h post fecundation. PCM reduced the survival rate of the embryos of up to 90%, as concentration increased. LC50 and EC50m were 1.29 μg/L and 2.84 μg/L, respectively. Biomarkers of cellular oxidation and antioxidant enzymes were modified in a concentration-dependent way with respect to the control group (p < 0.05). The main developmental alterations observed were lordosis, scoliosis, craniofacial malformations, hypopigmentation, growth retardation, pericardial edema and rachyschisis. These data indicate that environmentally realistic concentrations of PCM could be hazardous and affects the development in early stages of C. carpio. Moreover, our findings also indicate that C. carpio embryos may be a useful in vivo model to evaluate embryonic and teratogenic effects of drugs such as PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Margarita Gutiérrez-Noya
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - María Del Carmen Ramírez-Montero
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan, Colonia Residencial Colón, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP, 07700, Mexico
| | - Sandra García-Medina
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Acuática, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n y cerrada Manuel Stampa, Col. Industrial Vallejo, Ciudad de México CP, 07700, Mexico
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13
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Akkouche F, Boudrahem F, Yahiaoui I, Vial C, Audonnet F, Aissani-Benissad F. Cotton textile waste valorization for removal of tetracycline and paracetamol alone and in mixtures from aqueous solutions: Effects of H 3 PO 4 as an oxidizing agent. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:464-478. [PMID: 32871040 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of waste and by-products locally available in large quantities and at low cost as adsorbents can be considered an appropriate approach for improving waste management and protecting the environment. Cotton textile waste was used to prepare adsorbents (MC) via pyrolysis followed by a chemical modification with H3 PO4 . MC samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm. The results revealed that MC treated with 1 M H3 PO4 (MC1 ) showed an excellent adsorption performance. The single and binary adsorption of tetracycline (TC) and paracetamol (Pa) onto MC1 were studied. In a single system, TC was better adsorbed than Pa and maximum adsorption capacities qm are 87.7 mg/g and 62 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption follows the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. For a binary system, the experimental data indicate that Pa (44.04 mg/g) is better adsorbed than TC (24.13 mg/g). Adsorption equilibrium data of TC and Pa evaluated by the selectivity extended-Langmuir model in which selectivity factor was introduced provided good correlation results with the binary adsorption data. Cotton textile waste is potentially promising for the preparation of effective adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceutical residues in aqueous solutions. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Valorization of cotton textile waste into adsorbents. Adsorbents were prepared by pyrolysis at 600°C followed by chemical modification in the presence of H3 PO4 . Removal of tetracycline (TC) and paracetamol (Pa) alone or in mixtures by adsorption. Adsorbent showed high-capacity adsorption of the TC and Pa even in a mixture from solutions at low concentrations. The Langmuir and selectivity extended-Langmuir models describe the adsorption of TC and Pa alone and in mixtures, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Akkouche
- Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement (LGE), Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Farouk Boudrahem
- Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement (LGE), Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Idris Yahiaoui
- Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement (LGE), Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Christophe Vial
- Institut Pascal, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, Aubière, France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Institut Pascal, Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6602, IP, Aubière, France
| | - Farida Aissani-Benissad
- Faculté de Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie de l'Environnement (LGE), Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
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14
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Aemig Q, Hélias A, Patureau D. Impact assessment of a large panel of organic and inorganic micropollutants released by wastewater treatment plants at the scale of France. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116524. [PMID: 33099267 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Micropollutants emitted by Human activities represent a potential threat to our health and aquatic environment. Thousands of active substances are used and go to WWTP through wastewaters. During water treatment, incomplete elimination occurs. Effluents released to the environment still contain part of the micropollutants present in the influents. Here, we studied the potential impacts on Human health and aquatic environment of the release of 261 organic micropollutants and 25 inorganic micropollutants at the scale of France. Data were gathered from national surveys, reports, papers and PhD works. The USEtox ® model was used to assess potential impacts. The impacts on Human health were estimated for 94 organic and 15 inorganic micropollutants and on aquatic environment for 88 organic and 19 inorganic micropollutants highlighting lack of concentration and toxicological data in literature. Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and pesticides as well as As and Zn showed highest potential impacts on Human health. Some pesticides, PCB 101, βE2, Al, Fe and Cu showed highest potential impacts on aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Aemig
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Arnaud Hélias
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; ELSA, Research group for environmental life cycle sustainability assessment and ELSA-Pact industrial chair, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Patureau
- INRAE, Univ Montpellier, LBE, 102 Avenue des Etangs, 11100 Narbonne, France
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15
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Parrott JL, Pacepavicius G, Shires K, Clarence S, Khan H, Gardiner M, Sullivan C, Alaee M. Fathead minnow exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin for one life cycle show no adverse effects. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a glucose-lowering drug taken for diabetes. It is excreted by humans in urine and detected in municipal wastewater effluents and rivers. Fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas) were exposed over a life cycle to measured concentrations of metformin: 3.0, 31, and 322 μg/L. No significant changes were observed in survival, maturation, growth, condition factor, or liver size. Relative ovary size of females exposed to 322 μg/L metformin was significantly larger than controls. There was no induction of vitellogenin in plasma of minnows, and gonad maturation was not statistically different from controls. The start of breeding was delayed by 9–10 d in the mid- and high metformin treatments (statistically significant only in the mid-concentration), but numbers and quality of eggs were not statistically different from controls. There were no effects of metformin on survival or growth of offspring. Exposure to metformin at environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., 3.0 and 31 μg/L metformin) caused no adverse effects in fathead minnows exposed for a life cycle, with the exception of a delay in time to first breeding (that did not impact overall egg production). The results of the study are important to help understand whether metformin concentrations in rivers and lakes can harm fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L. Parrott
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Grazina Pacepavicius
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Kallie Shires
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Stacey Clarence
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Hufsa Khan
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Madelaine Gardiner
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Cheryl Sullivan
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mehran Alaee
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
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16
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Lao W. Fiproles as a proxy for ecological risk assessment of mixture of fipronil and its degradates in effluent-dominated surface waters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116510. [PMID: 33068908 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment of complex chemical mixtures has increasingly been prioritized as a management goal, especially in the regulatory sector. Although fipronil and its three degradates (-sulfone, -sulfide and -desulfinyl) have been frequently quantified in waterways, little information is available about the likelihood and magnitude of ecological risk posed by these chemical mixtures - collectively known as fiproles - in surface water. In the present study, a probabilistic risk assessment of mixtures of fipronil and its three degradates was conducted for three effluent-dominated southern California rivers: Los Angeles River (LAR), San Gabriel River (SGR) and Santa Clara River (SCR), California, USA. The assessments, which used fiproles as an integrated proxy, were based on three levels of toxicity endpoints: median lethal concentration (LC50), half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC), to gain comprehensive assessment information. Probabilistic approaches based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD) and exposure concentration distribution (ECD) were developed with the log-logistic model by pooling the toxicity and occurrence data, respectively. The 5th percentile hazardous concentrations (HC5s) were calculated to be at low parts per billion levels, enabling these values to be used to estimate the chemical-specific benchmarks for components that lack ecotoxicity data. The single substance potentially affected fraction (ssPAF) of fiproles revealed risk levels for the three rivers in descending order: LAR ≥ SGR > SCR. The overall risk probability estimated from the joint probability curve (JPC) by Monte Carlo simulation was 1.13 ± 0.20% (LC50), 9.31 ± 1.46% (EC50), and 6.58 ± 1.43% (LOEC) for the three rivers collectively. These results derived from the fiproles indicates that fipronil and its degradates pose risks to the aquatic organisms in the surface water of the three rivers. The present study provides a methodology for the use of a proxy in the risk assessment of chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Lao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, USA, 92626.
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17
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Gilroy ÈAM, Bartlett AJ, Gillis PL, Bendo NA, Salerno J, Hedges AM, Brown LR, Holman EAM, Stock NL, de Solla SR. Toxicity of the pharmaceuticals finasteride and melengestrol acetate to benthic invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41803-41815. [PMID: 32696412 PMCID: PMC7679302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of endocrinologically active pharmaceuticals finasteride (FIN) and melengestrol acetate (MGA) was assessed in freshwater mussels, including acute (48 h) aqueous tests with glochidia from Lampsilis siliquoidea, sub-chronic (14 days) sediment tests with gravid female Lampsilis fasciola, and chronic (28 days) sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea, and in chronic (42 days) sediment tests with the amphipod Hyalella azteca and the mayfly Hexagenia spp. Finasteride was not toxic in acute aqueous tests with L. siliquoidea glochidia (up to 23 mg/L), whereas significant toxicity to survival and burial ability was detected in chronic sediment tests with juvenile L. siliquoidea (chronic value (ChV, the geometric mean of LOEC and NOEC) = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Amphipods (survival, growth, reproduction, and sex ratio) and mayflies (growth) were similarly sensitive (ChV = 58 mg/kg (1 mg/L)). Melengestrol acetate was acutely toxic to L. siliquoidea glochidia at 4 mg/L in aqueous tests; in sediment tests, mayflies were the most sensitive species, with significant growth effects observed at 37 mg/kg (0.25 mg/L) (ChV = 21 mg/kg (0.1 mg/L)). Exposure to sublethal concentrations of FIN and MGA had no effect on the (luring and filtering) behaviour of gravid L. fasciola, or the viability of their brooding glochidia. Based on the limited number of measured environmental concentrations of both chemicals, and their projected concentrations, no direct effects are expected by these compounds individually on the invertebrates tested. However, organisms are exposed to contaminant mixtures in the aquatic environment, and thus, the effects of FIN and MGA as components of these mixtures require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ève A M Gilroy
- Green House Science, Burlington, ON, Canada.
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Adrienne J Bartlett
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Patricia L Gillis
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Bendo
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Salerno
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Amanda M Hedges
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Lisa R Brown
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emily A M Holman
- Aquatic Contaminant Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Naomi L Stock
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Shane R de Solla
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada
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18
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Jacob RS, de Souza Santos LV, d'Auriol M, Lebron YAR, Moreira VR, Lange LC. Diazepam, metformin, omeprazole and simvastatin: a full discussion of individual and mixture acute toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1062-1071. [PMID: 32588236 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High consumption of drugs, combined with their presence in the environment, raises concerns about its consequences. Even though researches are often engaged in analyzing substances separately, that is not the environmental reality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of the pharmaceuticals simvastatin, metformin, omeprazole and diazepam, and all possible mixtures between them, to the organism Aliivibrio fischeri, verifying possible synergistic or antagonistic effects and assessing byproducts formation. In terms of individual toxicity, omeprazole is the most toxic of the active ingredients, followed by simvastatin, diazepam and, finally, metformin. When the toxicity of mixtures was tested, synergism, antagonism and hormesis were perceived, most probably generated due to byproducts formation. Moreover, it was observed that even when compounds are at concentrations below the non-observed effect concentration (NOEC), there may be toxicity to the mixture. Hence, this work points to the urgent need for more studies involving mixtures, since chemicals are subject to interactions and modifications, can mix, and potentiate or nullify the toxic effect of each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sampaio Jacob
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil.
- Civil Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, ZIP 30.535-901, Brazil.
| | - Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, ZIP 30.535-901, Brazil
| | - Mirna d'Auriol
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Yuri Abner Rocha Lebron
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Rezende Moreira
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
| | - Liséte Celina Lange
- Sanitation and Environmental Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenue Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, MG, Brazil
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19
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Pereira P, Barceló D, Panagos P. Soil and water threats in a changing environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109501. [PMID: 32325293 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pereira
- Environmental Management Laboratory, Mykolas Romeris University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICRA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panos Panagos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), I-21027, Ispra (VA), Italy.
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20
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Carena L, Vione D. Mapping the Photochemistry of European Mid-Latitudes Rivers: An Assessment of Their Ability to Photodegrade Contaminants. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020424. [PMID: 31968645 PMCID: PMC7024250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The abiotic photochemical reactions that take place naturally in sunlit surface waters can degrade many contaminants that pose concern to water bodies for their potentially toxic and long-term effects. This works aims at assessing the ability of European rivers to photoproduce reactive transient intermediates, such as HO• radicals and the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*), involved in pollutant degradation. A photochemical mapping of the steady-state concentrations of these transients was carried out by means of a suitable modeling tool, in the latitude belt between 40 and 50°N. Such a map allowed for the prediction of the photochemical lifetimes of the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon (mostly undergoing photodegradation upon reaction with HO• and especially 3CDOM*) across different European countries. For some rivers, a more extensive dataset was available spanning the years 1990–2002, which allowed for the computation of the steady-state concentration of the carbonate radicals (CO3•−). With these data, it was possible to assess the time trends of the photochemical half-lives of further contaminants (atrazine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and clofibric acid). The calculated lifetimes were in the range of days to weeks, which might or might not allow for efficient depollution depending on the river-water flow velocity.
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21
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Sathishkumar P, Meena RAA, Palanisami T, Ashokkumar V, Palvannan T, Gu FL. Occurrence, interactive effects and ecological risk of diclofenac in environmental compartments and biota - a review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134057. [PMID: 31783460 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug has turned into a contaminant of emerging concern; hence, it was included in the previous Watch List of the EU Water Framework Directive. This review paper aims to highlight the metabolism of diclofenac at different trophic levels, its occurrence, ecological risks, and interactive effects in the water cycle and biota over the past two decades. Increased exposure to diclofenac not only raises health concerns for vultures, aquatic organisms, and higher plants but also causes serious threats to mammals. The ubiquitous nature of diclofenac in surface water (river, lake canal, estuary, and sea) is compared with drinking water, groundwater, and wastewater effluent in the environment. This comprehensive survey from previous studies suggests the fate of diclofenac in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and may predict its persistence in the environment. This review offers evidence of fragmentary available data for the water environment, soil, sediment, and biota worldwide and supports the need for further data to address the risks associated with the presence of diclofenac in the environment. Finally, we suggest that the presence of diclofenac and its metabolites in the environment may represent a high risk because of their synergistic interactions with existing contaminants, leading to the development of drug-resistant strains and the formation of newly emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | | | - Thavamani Palanisami
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thayumanavan Palvannan
- Laboratory of Bioprocess and Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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22
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de Baat ML, Wieringa N, Droge STJ, van Hall BG, van der Meer F, Kraak MHS. Smarter Sediment Screening: Effect-Based Quality Assessment, Chemical Profiling, and Risk Identification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14479-14488. [PMID: 31714076 PMCID: PMC6921687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sediments play an essential role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems but simultaneously retain harmful compounds. However, sediment quality assessment methods that consider the risks caused by the combined action of all sediment-associated contaminants to benthic biota are still underrepresented in water quality assessment strategies. Significant advancements have been made in the application of effect-based methods, but methodological improvements can still advance sediment risk assessment. The present study aimed to explore such improvements by integrating effect-monitoring and chemical profiling of sediment contamination. To this end, 28 day life cycle bioassays with Chironomus riparius using intact whole sediment cores from contaminated sites were performed in tandem with explorative chemical profiling of bioavailable concentrations of groups of legacy and emerging sediment contaminants to investigate ecotoxicological risks to benthic biota. All contaminated sediments caused effects on the resilient midge C. riparius, stressing that sediment contamination is ubiquitous and potentially harmful to aquatic ecosystems. However, bioassay responses were not in line with any of the calculated toxicity indices, suggesting that toxicity was caused by unmeasured compounds. Hence, this study underlines the relevance of effect-based sediment quality assessment and provides smarter ways to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo L. de Baat
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Wieringa
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven T. J. Droge
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart G. van Hall
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel H. S. Kraak
- Department
of Freshwater and Marine Ecology (FAME), Institute for Biodiversity
and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kostanjevecki P, Petric I, Loncar J, Smital T, Ahel M, Terzic S. Aerobic biodegradation of tramadol by pre-adapted activated sludge culture: Cometabolic transformations and bacterial community changes during enrichment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:858-866. [PMID: 31412489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation of biorecalcitrant opioid drug tramadol (TRAM) was studied in a model biodegradation experiment performed with an enriched activated sludge culture pre-adapted to high concentration of TRAM (20 mg/L). TRAM and its transformation products (TPs) were determined by applying ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), the sludge culture was characterized using a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, whereas ecotoxicological evaluation was performed based on determination of toxicity to freshwater algae. Tramadol removal was much faster (t1/2 = 1.3 days) and more efficient in glucose-containing mineral medium (cometabolic conditions) than in a medium without glucose. The elimination of the parent compound resulted in the formation of five TPs, two of which (TP 249 and TP 235) were identified as N-desmethyltramadol (N-DM TRAM) and N,N-didesmethyltramadol (N,N-diDM TRAM). The remaining 3 TPs (TP 277a-c) were isomeric compounds with an elemental composition of protonated molecules C16H24NO3 and a putative structure which involved oxidative modification of the dimethylamino group. Pronounced changes in the taxonomic composition of the activated sludge were observed during the enrichment, especially regarding an enhanced percentage of 8 genera (Bacillus, Mycobacterium, Enterobacter, Methylobacillus, Pedobacter, Xanthobacter, Leadbetterella and Kaistia), which might be related to the observed transformations. The removal of TRAM resulted in proportional reduction of algal toxicity, implying a positive result of the accomplished transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kostanjevecki
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Petric
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jovica Loncar
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tvrtko Smital
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijan Ahel
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Senka Terzic
- Division of Marine and Environmental Research, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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