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Esteves AM, Alves R, Rocha E, Rocha MJ. PCBs contamination in water and Mytilus edulis along the north Portuguese Atlantic Ocean coastline and analysis of potential carcinogenic risk to human health. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116823. [PMID: 39226820 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Seven seawater polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in water (DAP), suspended particulate matter (SPM), and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from four beaches in northwest Portugal. PCBs were extracted using solid-phase-extraction, ultrasound-extraction and QuEChERS before GC-MS analysis. The two-year annual average concentrations of PCBs in DAP, SPM and the four-year analysis in mussels were ∼ 4.4 ng/L, ∼15.9 μg/kg, and ∼ 56.0 μg/kg. The results suggest higher concentrations of PCBs in summer for SPM and in spring for mussels, mainly those collected close to the Ave River estuary. The origins of PCBs remain uncertain. Risk assessment shows that PCBs in water are unlikely to harm local biota due to their low thyroid hormone toxicity equivalents (TEQ-TH; ∼1.4E-04 ng/L and ∼ 4.1E-04 μg/kg) and on WHO toxicity equivalents (TEQ-WHO; ∼2.1E-05 ng/L and ∼ 4.9E-05 μg/kg). However, the lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) for humans consuming local bivalves is concerning, as it exceeds 1.0E-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Esteves
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal; Animal Morphology and Toxicology Team, CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Alves
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal; Animal Morphology and Toxicology Team, CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal; Animal Morphology and Toxicology Team, CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal; Animal Morphology and Toxicology Team, CIMAR/CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, U.Porto - University of Porto, Portugal.
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2
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Sánchez-Fortún M, Amouroux D, Tessier E, Carrasco JL, Sanpera C. Mercury stable isotopes in seabirds in the Ebro Delta (NE Iberian Peninsula): Inter-specific and temporal differences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123739. [PMID: 38458513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant, which particularly affects aquatic ecosystems, both marine and freshwater. Top-predators depending on these environments, such as seabirds, are regarded as suitable bioindicators of Hg pollution. In the Ebro Delta (NE Iberian Peninsula), legacy Hg pollution from a chlor-alkali industry operating in Flix and located ca. 100 km upstream of the Ebro River mouth has been impacting the delta environment and the neighboring coastal area. Furthermore, levels of Hg in the biota of the Mediterranean Sea are known to be high compared to other marine areas. In this work we used a Hg stable isotopes approach in feathers to understand the processes leading to different Hg concentrations in three Laridae species breeding in sympatry in the area (Audouin's gull Ichthyaetus audouinii, black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, common tern Sterna hirundo). These species have distinct trophic ecologies, exhibiting a differential use of marine resources and freshwater resources (i.e., rice paddies prey). Moreover, for Audouin's gull, in which in the Ebro Delta colony temporal differences in Hg levels were documented previously, we used Hg stable isotopes to understand the impact of anthropogenic activities on Hg levels in the colony over time. Hg stable isotopes differentiated the three Laridae species according to their trophic ecologies. Furthermore, for Audouin's gull we observed temporal variations in Hg isotopic signatures possibly owing to anthropogenic-derived pollution in the Ebro Delta. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time Hg stable isotopes have been reported in seabirds from the NW Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisès Sánchez-Fortún
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Amouroux
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France.
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Pau, France.
| | - Josep Lluís Carrasco
- Biostatistics, Department of Basic Clinical Practice, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carola Sanpera
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Briand MJ, Herlory O, Briant N, Brach-Papa C, Boissery P, Bouchoucha M. The French Mussel Watch: More than two decades of chemical contamination survey in Mediterranean coastal waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114901. [PMID: 37058830 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Active biomonitoring of chemical contamination (e.g., Cd, Hg, Pb, DDT, PCB, PAH) in French Mediterranean coastal waters has been performed for more than two decades. This study aimed at presenting the current contamination in 2021 and the temporal evolution of concentrations from 2000. Based on a relative spatial comparison, low concentrations were measured in 2021 at most sites (>83 %). Also, several stations with moderate to high levels were highlighted in the vicinity of major urban industrial centers (e.g., Marseille, Toulon) and near river mouths (e.g., Rhône, Var). Over the last 20 years, no major trend was revealed, mostly, especially for the relative high-level sites. This likely constant contamination over time, plus slight increases of metallic elements at a few sites, still raise questions on the efforts that remain to be made. The decreasing trends of organic compounds, in particular PAH, provide evidence of the efficiency of some management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine J Briand
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Olivier Herlory
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France.
| | - Nicolas Briant
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44311 Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Brach-Papa
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée Corse - Délégation Paca Corse, F-13001 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bouchoucha
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse, CS 20330, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France
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4
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Pan XD, Han JL. Heavy metals accumulation in bivalve mollusks collected from coastal areas of southeast China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114808. [PMID: 36907167 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of six heavy metal and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb) was analyzed in 597 bivalve mollusks (8 species) collected from coastal areas of southeast China. Target hazard quotient, total hazard index, and target cancer risk were calculated to evaluate potential human health risks from bivalve consumption. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb were 1.83, 0.581, 0.111, 0.0117, 0.268 and 0.137 mg kg-1 wet weight in bivalves. The average estimated daily intakes for As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb were 1.156, 0.367, 0.07, 0.007, 0.167 and 0.087 μg kg-1 body weight/day. Health risk assessment showed that there was no non-carcinogenic health risk to general residents to these metals from consumption of bivalves. Cd intake through mollusks posed a potential cancer risk. Accordingly, regular monitoring for heavy metals, especially Cd is recommended with respect to potential contaminant on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Long Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Castrec J, Pillet M, Receveur J, Fontaine Q, Le Floch S, Churlaud C, Lejeune P, Gobert S, Thomas H, Marengo M. Active and passive biomonitoring of trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in small Mediterranean harbours. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114578. [PMID: 36645999 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution particularly affects coastal ecosystems due to their proximity to anthropic sources. Among those environments, harbours are subjected to marine traffic but also to accidental and chronic pollution. These areas are thus exposed to complex mixtures of contaminants such as trace elements and organic contaminants which can impact marine species, habitats, and ecosystem services. The monitoring of these compounds is thus a crucial issue for assessment of environmental health. In this context, the aim of the present work was to evaluate the chemical contamination of harbours in Corsica (NW Mediterranean) by measuring the bioaccumulation of trace elements, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated biphenyls in mussels, limpets, and sea cucumbers. The human health risks associated with seafood consumption were also assessed. Results reveal a relatively low contamination in the Corsican harbours studied compared to larger Mediterranean ports and suggest that the potential health risk for consumers eating seafood is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Castrec
- Station de Recherches Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260 Calvi, France.
| | - Marion Pillet
- Station de Recherches Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260 Calvi, France
| | | | - Quentin Fontaine
- Station de Recherches Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260 Calvi, France
| | | | - Carine Churlaud
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMRi 7266, CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Pierre Lejeune
- Station de Recherches Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260 Calvi, France
| | - Sylvie Gobert
- Station de Recherches Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260 Calvi, France; Université de Liège, Centre MARE, Laboratoire d'Océanologie, Sart Tilman, B6c, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Hélène Thomas
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMRi 7266, CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France
| | - Michel Marengo
- Station de Recherches Sous-marines et Océanographiques (STARESO), Punta Revellata, BP33, 20260 Calvi, France
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Zaghden H, Barhoumi B, Jlaiel L, Guigue C, Chouba L, Touil S, Sayadi S, Tedetti M. Occurrence, origin and potential ecological risk of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorines in surface waters of the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113737. [PMID: 35597001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence, origin, and potential ecological risk of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 27 surface water samples collected from a highly anthropized and industrialized area in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia, Southern Mediterranean Sea) in October-November 2017. The results demonstrated a wide range of concentrations (ng L-1) with the following decreasing order: Ʃ16 PAHs (17.6-71.2) > Ʃ20 PCBs (2.9-33.7) > Ʃ6 DDTs (1.1-12.1) > Ʃ4 HCHs (1.1-14.8). Selected diagnostic ratios indicated a mixture of both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources of PAHs, with a predominance of petrogenic sources. PCB compositions showed distinct contamination signatures for tetra- to hepta-chlorinated PCBs, characteristic of contamination by commercial (Aroclor) PCB mixtures. The dominant OCP congeners were γ-HCH, 2,4'-DDD and 2,4'-DDE, reflecting past use of Lindane and DDTs in the study area. Agricultural, industrial and domestic activities, as well as atmospheric transport are identified as potential sources of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs in surface waters of the Gulf of Gabès. Toxic equivalents (TEQs) suggested a low carcinogenic potential for PAHs in seawater samples (mean of 0.14 ng TEQ L-1). Evaluation of risk coefficients revealed low risk for PAHs and PCBs, and moderate to severe risk for OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Zaghden
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia.
| | - Lobna Jlaiel
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Guigue
- Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Lassaad Chouba
- Laboratory of Marine Environment, National Institute of Marine Science and Technology (INSTM), Goulette, Tunisia
| | - Soufiane Touil
- Laboratory of Hetero-Organic Compounds and Nanostructured Materials (LR18ES11), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Marc Tedetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia; Aix Marseille Univ., Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
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7
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Correa-Araneda F, Pérez J, Tonin AM, Esse C, Boyero L, Díaz ME, Figueroa R, Santander-Massa R, Cornejo A, Link O, Jorquera E, Urbina MA. Microplastic concentration, distribution and dynamics along one of the largest Mediterranean-climate rivers: A whole watershed approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112808. [PMID: 35085565 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been recognized as one of the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants globally. They have been found in all ecosystems studied to date, threatening biological diversity, ecosystem functioning and human health. The present study aimed to elucidate the environmental and anthropogenic drivers of MP dynamics in the whole catchment of the Biobío river, one of the largest rivers in South America. MP concentration and characteristics were analysed in 18 sites subjected to different sources of pollution and other human-related impacts. The sampling sites were classified in relation to altitudinal zones (highland, midland and lowland) and ecosystem types (fluvial and reservoir), and different water and territorial environmental variables were further collated and considered for analysis. Seven types of microplastic polymers were identified in the samples analysed, with a catchment mean (±SE) MP concentration of 22 ± 0.4 particles m-3, and MP presence being significantly higher in lowlands (26 ± 2 particle m-3) and in reservoirs (42 ± 14 particle m-3). The most abundant type of MP was fragments (84%), with a mean concentration of 37 ± 6 particles m-3. Overall, MP concentrations were low compared to those found in other studies, with a strong influence of human population size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Correa-Araneda
- Unidad de Cambio Climático y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Iberoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Javier Pérez
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alan M Tonin
- Aquariparia/Limnology Lab, Department of Ecology, IB, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos Esse
- Unidad de Cambio Climático y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Iberoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luz Boyero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Elisa Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Figueroa
- Department of Aquatic Systems, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Santander-Massa
- Unidad de Cambio Climático y Medio Ambiente, Instituto Iberoamericano de Desarrollo Sostenible, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile; Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Graduados, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Aydeé Cornejo
- Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Laboratory. Zoological Collection Dr. Eustorgio Mendez, Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies (COZEM-ICGES), Ave. Justo Arosemena and Calle 35, 0816-02593, Panama City, Panama
| | - Oscar Link
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Erika Jorquera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Urbina
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, PO Box 1313, Concepción, Chile.
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8
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Santos-Echeandía J, Campillo JA, Egea JA, Guitart C, González CJ, Martínez-Gómez C, León VM, Rodríguez-Puente C, Benedicto J. The influence of natural vs anthropogenic factors on trace metal(loid) levels in the Mussel Watch programme: Two decades of monitoring in the Spanish Mediterranean sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105382. [PMID: 34119919 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution and temporal trends of trace metals (i.e. Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) and a metalloid (i.e. As) along the Spanish Mediterranean coast from 1993 to 2013 are presented with a new estimation of their background levels monitored using wild mussels. Over a 20 years period, yearly mussel monitoring was undertaken with a rigorous field sampling protocol using 3 pooled samples strategy (3 x n = 80, with 8 mussels in the 3.0 to 3.9 size categories at each site), obtained in the pre-spawning period (May-June) to minimize biological factors and seasonal variability, which is a fundamental element of the international programme. Spatial distribution was characterized every 5 years and temporal trends were determined in 11 locations. The main aims of the present long term study are to evaluate the environmental status of different coastal locations regarding trace metal levels and follow the evolution of these levels over time after the implementation of regulatory measures. Regarding spatial distribution, the highest values for Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb were found close to known highly anthopogenic cities or shipyard areas. However, As and Zn did not strictly follow this pattern, showing natural increased concentrations in the Levantine Balearic and Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran Sea demarcations respectively. These distributions are associated with the conjunction of two geological formation inputs (Massif Central in France and Iberian Pyritic Belt in Spain) and the oceanographic conditions in the adjacent coastal area. In the case of temporal trends, metal concentrations decreased significantly over time in most stations, confirming the effectiveness of the regulatory measures and prohibitions established under European legislation. Concentrations of Pb were above the established thresholds for human consumption in only 12-14% of the sampling areas. With the information obtained for this study, we estimate background concentrations and propose new Background Assesment Criteria (BAC) for the Spanish Mediterranean coast as a threshold criterion: 1.62 mg/kg d.w. for Cd, 8.75 mg/kg d.w. for Cu, 0.202 mg/kg d.w. for Hg and 2.83 mg/kg d.w. for Pb. Exceptions should exist for As and Zn, for which there should be different levels in each demarcation, due to the geological, hydrological and oceanographic peculiarities of the Spanish coast. For the Levantine-Balearic demarcation, the proposed background concentrations are 117 mg/kg d.w. for As and 200 mg/kg d.w. for Zn., whereas in the Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran Sea demarcation, they are 27.5 mg/kg d.w. for As, and 471 mg/kg d.w. for Zn. This work demonstrates the vital importance of defining the background levels of metal(loid)s at a regional or subregional level because, for areas not affected by anthropogenic causes which have high values as the result of natural processes, this would avoid the risk of constantly surpassing the levels proposed in directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Santos-Echeandía
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, Vigo, 36390, Spain.
| | - Juan A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Jose A Egea
- Center for Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia. Spain, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carlos Guitart
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Carlos J González
- Division of Naval Support and Oceanography, Marine Hydrographic Institute (IHM), Spanish Navy. Plaza San Severiano 3, 11007 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Concepción Martínez-Gómez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Víctor M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Puente
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Santander, Promontorio San Martín s/n, 39004 Santander, Spain
| | - José Benedicto
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia 30740, Spain
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9
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Ek C, Faxneld S, Nyberg E, Rolff C, Karlson AML. The importance of adjusting contaminant concentrations using environmental data: A retrospective study of 25 years data in Baltic blue mussels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143913. [PMID: 33373754 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To improve the statistical power of detecting changes in contaminant concentrations over time, it is critical to reduce both the within- and between-year variability by adjusting the data for relevant confounding variables. In this study, we present a method for handling multiple confounding variables in contaminant monitoring. We evaluate the highly variable temporal trends of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in blue mussels from the central Baltic Sea during the period 1987-2016 (data from 25 years during this period) using various regression analyses. As potential explanatory variables related to PAH exposure, we use mussel size and retrospective analyses of mussel δ15N and δ13C (representing large scale biogeochemical changes as a result of e.g. eutrophication and terrestrial inputs). Environmental data from concurrent monitoring programmes (seasonal data on Chlorophyll-a, salinity and temperature in the water column, bioturbation of sediment dwelling fauna) were included as variables related to feeding conditions. The concentrations of high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight PAHs in blue mussel were statistically linked to different combinations of environmental variables. Adjustment using these predictors decreased the coefficient of variation in all 15 PAHs tested and improved the statistical power to detect changes. Moreover, the adjustment also resulted in a significant downward trend for fluoranthene that could not be detected initially. For another PAH, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, adjustment which reduced variation resulted in the loss of an apparent downward trend over time. Hence, our study highlights the importance of using auxilliary data to reduce variability caused by environmental factors with general effects on physiology when assessing contaminant time trends. Furthermore, it illustrates the importance of extensive and well designed monitoring programmes to provide relevant data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ek
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, SE-106 91, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Faxneld
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Nyberg
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Naturvårdsverket, SE-106 48 Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carl Rolff
- Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, SE 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes M L Karlson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, SE-106 91, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, SE 106-91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Tavoloni T, Miniero R, Bacchiocchi S, Brambilla G, Ciriaci M, Griffoni F, Palombo P, Stecconi T, Stramenga A, Piersanti A. Heavy metal spatial and temporal trends (2008-2018) in clams and mussel from Adriatic Sea (Italy): Possible definition of forecasting models. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111865. [PMID: 33272586 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2008-2018, 1458 georeferenced samples of clams and 343 of mussels were harvested in Italy from classified areas along Marche coast and analyzed within food-safety monitoring plans. Pb, Cd, V, Ni, Cr, and As median levels (mg kg-1) were 0.09, 0.08, 0.29, 0.77, 0.35, and 2.35 in clams and 0.16, 0.15, 0.46, 0.48, 0.25, and 3.34 in mussels. The reported levels were comparable with the published ones, and Hg always fell below LOQ (0.025 mg kg-1). Pb and Cd datasets, based on quarterly results, show a decreasing trend in clams and constant baseline value for mussels. Time-trends and forecasting models represent an asset to predict emerging food safety/security risks. The metal levels in mussels and clams from the same area allow environmental safety assessment and thus enable the evaluation of contaminants in both water column and sediment. Monitoring of elements that are not regulated may help in preserving food and environmental safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tavoloni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Roberto Miniero
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Simone Bacchiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | - Martina Ciriaci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesco Griffoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Paolo Palombo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Stecconi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Arianna Stramenga
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Arianna Piersanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via Cupa di Posatora 3, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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11
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León VM, Viñas L, Concha-Graña E, Fernández-González V, Salgueiro-González N, Moscoso-Pérez C, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Campillo JA. Identification of contaminants of emerging concern with potential environmental risk in Spanish continental shelf sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140505. [PMID: 32721718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), alkylphenols, organotin compounds, phthalates, alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, current-use pesticides (CUPs) and personal care products (PCPs) was characterized in 29 surface sediments from two Spanish Iberian continental shelf areas (14 on the Atlantic and 15 on the Mediterranean coasts). Concretely, 115 organic contaminants were determined and a specific methodology was used for each contaminant group, including contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and traditional ones, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs). PAHs, alkylated PAHs, alkylphenols and phthalates were found in all samples, showing mean concentrations per group higher than 20 ng/g (16-4974 ng/g d.w.) in the subregions under consideration (Galician, Cantabrian, Levantine-Balearic and Strait-Alboran). CUPs and PCPs were found in the majority of samples at very low concentrations of ng/g (1.4-46.8 ng/g d.w.), whereas organotins and PFAS were found principally in sediments from the Mediterranean subregions (2.5-3.9 ng/g d.w.). Different distribution patterns were observed for the contaminant groups and subregions under consideration as a consequence of the diverse predominant sources (industrial, urban, transport and agricultural activities) and environmental behavior (mainly hydrophobicity and persistence). Risk assessment confirmed the impact of phthalates, alkylphenols, PAHs and PCBs on Atlantic ecosystems and of alkylphenols, chlorpyrifos, phthalates, TBT, PAHs, OCPs and PCBs on the Mediterranean ones. Furthermore, the presence of CUPs, PCPs and PFAS in sediments from the Spanish continental shelf located between 2 and 31 km from the coast suggested that those contaminants may also provoke adverse effects on coastal marine ecosystems between their sources and their depositional areas. CAPSULE: Alkylphenols, phthalates and organotins may provoke adverse effects on Spanish coastal marine ecosystems from their sources to the sediment depositional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M León
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lucía Viñas
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Estefanía Concha-Graña
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Verónica Fernández-González
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Noelia Salgueiro-González
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Moscoso-Pérez
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo
- Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan A Campillo
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, C/Varadero 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
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12
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Fernández B, Santos-Echeandía J, Rivera-Hernández JR, Garrido S, Albentosa M. Mercury interactions with algal and plastic microparticles: Comparative role as vectors of metals for the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122739. [PMID: 32388184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and desorption of Hg onto and from microplastics (MP) and microalgae (MA) were investigated, and fitted using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order kinetics models. Then, the potential role of MP as vector for the entrance and accumulation of Hg (MP-Hg) in comparison to natural pathways (via MA -MA-Hg-, and dissolved -WB-Hg-) was investigated in mussel. Mussels were exposed to a single dose of Hg (2375 ng ind-1) for 4 h. Although the clearance of MP-Hg was relevant (82 %), it was lower than that of MA (95 %) and MA-Hg (94 %). The amount of the Hg accumulated and eliminated was higher in mussels exposed to MP-Hg (1417 ng Hg) than in those exposed to MA-Hg (882 ng Hg) and WB-Hg (1074 ng Hg). However, Hg accumulation was similar in the three mussel groups (≈800 ng Hg). This was related to the fast elimination of Hg still attached to MP by MP-Hg mussels. Hg was mainly accumulated in digestive gland in MA-Hg and MP-Hg mussels, and in gills in WB-Hg mussels. Overall, the results indicated that MP facilitated the entrance of Hg in mussel but also promoted Hg elimination, which could limit the toxicological risk of Hg adsorbed onto MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fernández
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Santos-Echeandía
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José R Rivera-Hernández
- Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería en Tecnología Ambiental, Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán-Higueras Km 3, 82199 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Soledad Garrido
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marina Albentosa
- Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, C/Varadero, 1, 30740 San Pedro del Pinatar, Murcia, Spain.
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