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Zheng X, Li Q, Ullah F, Lu Z, Mo W, Guo J, Liu X, Xu H, Lu Y. Abamectin exposure causes chronic toxicity and trypsin/chymotrypsin damages in Chironomus kiiensis Tokunaga (Diptera: Chironomidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:105999. [PMID: 39084773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Abamectin has been extensively used in paddy fields to control insect pests. However, little information is available regarding its effects on non-target insects. In this study, we performed acute (3rd instar larvae) and chronic toxicity (newly hatched larvae <24 h) to determine the toxicity effects of abamectin on Chironomus kiiensis. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 24 h and 10 d were 0.57 mg/L and 68.12 μg/L, respectively. The chronic exposure significantly prolonged the larvae growth duration and inhibited pupation and emergence. The transcriptome and biochemical parameters were measured using 3rd instar larvae exposed to acute LC10 and LC25 for 24 h. Transcriptome data indicated that five trypsin and four chymotrypsin genes were downregulated, and RT-qPCR verified a significant expression decrease in trypsin3 and chymotrypsin1 genes. Meanwhile, abamectin could significantly inhibit the activities of the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin. RNA interference showed that silencing trypsin3 and chymotrypsin1 genes led to higher mortality of C. kiiensis to abamectin. In conclusion, these findings indicated that trypsin and chymotrypsin are involved in the abamectin toxicity against C. kiiensis, which provides new insights into the mechanism of abamectin-induced ecotoxicity to chironomids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Farman Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Wujia Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jiawen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Su Y, Wang W, Dai Y, Qi R, Gu H, Guo X, Liu X, Ren Y, Li F, Li B, Sun H. JH degradation pathway participates in hormonal regulation of larval development of Bombyx mori following λ-cyhalothrin exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140871. [PMID: 38056714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
λ-Cyhalothrin (λ-cyh), a widely utilized pyrethroid insecticide, poses serious threats to non-target organisms due to its persistence nature in the environment. Exposure to low concentrations of λ-cyh has been observed to result in prolonged larval development in Bombyx mori, leading to substantial financial losses in sericulture. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for prolonged development caused by λ-cyh (LC10) exposure. The results showed that the JH Ⅲ titer was significantly increased at 24 h of λ-cyh exposure, and the JH interacting genes Methoprene-tolerant 2, Steroid Receptor Co-activator, Krüppel-homolog 1, and JH binding proteins were also up-regulated. Although the target of rapamycin (Tor) genes were induced by λ-cyh, the biosynthesis of JH in the corpora allata was not promoted. Notably, 13 JH degradation genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in the midgut of B. mori. The mRNA levels and enzyme activity assays indicated that λ-cyh had inhibitory effects on JH esterase, JH epoxide hydrolase, and JH diol kinase (JHDK). Furthermore, the suppression of JHDK (KWMTBOMO01580) was further confirmed by both western blot and immunohistochemistry. This study has offered a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms underlying the prolonged development caused by insecticides, and our results also hold significant implications for the safe production of sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yixin Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Ruinan Qi
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiqian Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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Zhang L, Lv H, Li X, Wan H, He S, Li J, Ma K. Sublethal effects of acetamiprid and afidopyropen on Harmonia axyridis: insights from transcriptomics analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115203. [PMID: 37406606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the sublethal effects of insecticide is crucial for protecting and utilizing natural enemies. In this study, we determined the sublethal effects of acetamiprid and afidopyropen on Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and explored the potential molecular mechanisms underlying these effects through transcriptomics analysis. The results showed that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid significantly reduced the adult fecundity and longevity of F0H. axyridis and decreased the survival time and survival rate of the F1 generation. Sublethal concentrations of afidopyropen prolonged the developmental time of 4th instar larvae in the F0 generation. Additionally, acetamiprid and afidopyropen treatments significantly decreased the predation of H. axyridis. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that several P450 and UGT genes expressed differently when H. axyridis were exposed to sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid and afidopyropen, suggesting that the differential expression of detoxifying genes might be involved in the response and detoxification metabolism of acetamiprid and afidopyropen in H. axyridis. Our findings demonstrate that sublethal concentrations of acetamiprid adversely influences the development and predation of H. axyridis, while afidopyropen has limited effects on H. axyridis. These results are helpful for protecting and utilizing natural enemies and guiding the scientific use of pesticides in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Haixiang Lv
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xuchao Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shun He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Yao Q, Quan L, Wang S, Xing D, Chen B, Lu K. Predatory stink bug, Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) responses to oral exposure route of λ-cyhalothrin via sex-specific modulation manner. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105381. [PMID: 37105612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of insecticides on predatory arthropods have closely related to their exposure routes. However, little is known about the effects of insecticide on reproductive parameters when the route of exposure occurs at a trophic level via prey intake. We therefore conducted current studies assessing whether Eocanthecona furcellata adults would be affected by feeding with λ-cyhalothrin-contaminated prey. Reproductive parameters, i.e. prolonged premating and preoviposition durations, reduced number of egg batches and egg amount, disturbed ovarian development, and suppressed expression of reproductive related genes were observed in E. furcellata females by feeding with treated prey. Moreover, reduced survival rate and altered carbohydrate metabolism parameters were detected in male bugs. Biochemical parameters, including MDA content, the activities of three antioxidant enzymes and three detoxification enzymes exhibited sex-specific responses after oral-exposure to λ-cyhalothrin in E. furcellata. The results indicate that the insecticide affects the fitness and leads to impairing reproductive potential via sex-specific modulation manner in predator insects. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive assessment about detrimental impacts of λ-cyhalothrin-exposure on predators via prey intake, as well as a solid basis for further research to protect the predators from hazardous impacts of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Linfa Quan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongxu Xing
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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5
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Chen Q, Sun S, Yang X, Yan H, Wang K, Ba X, Wang H. Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on the Development, Body Weight and Economic Characteristics of Silkworm. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050402. [PMID: 37235217 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is a critical insect for silk producers, but the inappropriate application of insecticides negatively affects the physiology and behavior of silkworms. This study found that the effects of neonicotinoid insecticides applied using two spraying methods on the growth and development of silkworms were different: the median lethal concentration (LC50) values of two pesticides applied using the leaf-dipping method were 0.33 and 0.83 mg L-1 and those of two pesticides applied using the quantitative spraying method were 0.91 and 1.23 mg kg-1. The concentration of pesticides on the mulberry leaves did not decrease after their application using the quantitative spraying method, and a uniform spraying density was observed after the mulberry leaves were air-dried (no liquid) under realistic conditions. We then treated silkworms with the quantitative spraying method and leaf-dipping method. The treatment of silkworm larvae with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam at sublethal concentrations significantly prolonged the development time and significantly decreased the weight and pupation rate, as well as economic indicators of enamel layers and sputum production. Thiamethoxam treatment significantly increased the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The activity of CarE and GST increased, decreased, and then increased, and the highest activity was detected on the 10th and 12th days. Thiamethoxam exposure significantly elevated the transcription levels of CarE-11, GSTe3 and GSTz2 and induced DNA damage in hemocytes. This study confirmed that the quantitative spray method is more stable than the leaf-dipping method. Moreover, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatment affected the economy and indexes of silkworms and induced changes in detoxification enzymes and DNA damage in silkworms. These results provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of the sublethal effects of insecticides on silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shoumin Sun
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Kaiyun Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiucheng Ba
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Binzhou, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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Ren Y, Su Y, Wang W, Li F, Sun H, Li B. Characterization of the sublethal toxicity and transcriptome-wide biological changes induced by λ-cyhalothrin in Bombyx mori. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36988380 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
λ-Cyhalothrin (λ-cyh) is widely used in agricultural production and has been reported to cause damages to numerous nontarget insects. As an important economic and model insect of Lepidoptera, Bombyx mori was extremely sensitive to λ-cyh, and pesticide drift often leads to silkworm poisoning. However, little is known about the persistence of sublethal effects or the potential recovery from short-term exposure to sublethal doses of pesticides. In this study, we estimated the sublethal effects caused by short-term exposure (24 h) of λ-cyh LC1 , LC10 , LC25 , and LC50 , respectively, and investigated the persistent negative effects on the growth, survival, and pupal metamorphosis of silkworm larvae. Silkworm growth was mostly retarded after λ-cyh exposure, with dose-dependent recovery observed at delayed time points. Relative to the control, the treatment groups showed significantly higher larval mortalities and abnormal pupa rates. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing was conducted to investigate the effects of λ-cyh LC10 on the normal physiological functions in the midgut of B. mori. A total of 2697 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 57.1% of DEGs were down-regulated. Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis further revealed that energy and nutrient metabolisms were negatively affected. Moreover, we demonstrated that sublethal λ-cyh inhibited the oxidative phosphorylation pathway by reducing the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex genes and consequently the synthesis of ATP. This study has provided useful transcriptome-wide expression resources to facilitate the overall knowledge of the molecular basis of sublethal toxicity caused by λ-cyh in the midgut of B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yue Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Lu Y, Zheng X, He X, Guo J, Fu Q, Xu H, Lu Z. Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on growth, biochemical and molecular parameters in two chironomids, Chironomus kiiensis and Chironomus javanus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114658. [PMID: 36796207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide residues have serious environmental impacts on rice-based ecosystems. In rice fields, Chironomus kiiensis and Chironomus javanus provide alternative food sources to predatory natural enemies of rice insect pests, especially when pests are low. Chlorantraniliprole is a substitute for older classes of insecticides and has been used extensively to control rice pests. To determine the ecological risks of chlorantraniliprole in rice fields, we evaluated its toxic effects on certain growth, biochemical and molecular parameters in these two chironomids. The toxicity tests were performed by exposing third-instar larvae to a range of concentrations of chlorantraniliprole. LC50 values at 24 h, 48 h, and 10 days showed that chlorantraniliprole was more toxic to C. javanus than to C. kiiensis. Chlorantraniliprole significantly prolonged the larval growth duration, inhibited pupation and emergence, and decreased egg numbers of C. kiiensis and C. javanus at sublethal dosages (LC10 = 1.50 mg/L and LC25 = 3.00 mg/L for C. kiiensis; LC10 = 0.25 mg/L and LC25 = 0.50 mg/L for C. javanus). Sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole significantly decreased the activity of the detoxification enzymes carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in both C. kiiensis and C. javanus. Sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole also markedly inhibited the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POD) in C. kiiensis and POD and catalase (CAT) in C. javanus. Expression levels of 12 genes revealed that detoxification and antioxidant abilities were affected by sublethal exposures to chlorantraniliprole. There were significant changes in the expression levels of seven genes (CarE6, CYP9AU1, CYP6FV2, GSTo1, GSTs1, GSTd2, and POD) in C. kiiensis and ten genes (CarE6, CYP9AU1, CYP6FV2, GSTo1, GSTs1, GSTd2, GSTu1, GSTu2, CAT, and POD) in C. javanus. These results provide a comprehensive overview of the differences in chlorantraniliprole toxicity to chironomids, indicating that C. javanus is more susceptible and suitable as an indicator for ecological risk assessment in rice ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xusong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Xiaochan He
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | - Jiawen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Qiming Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Zhongxian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
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Wang ZJ, Wang NM, Yu QT, Xue CB. Sublethal effects of an indoxacarb enantiomer insecticide on Plutella xylostella caterpillar and Chrysoperla sinica predator. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114400. [PMID: 36508809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plutella xylostella (L.) is a migratory species and an important insect pest of cruciferous crops worldwide, and Chrysoperla sinica (Tjeder) is a predaceous insect of agricultural and forest pests in the field. Indoxacarb has two enantiomers: (+)-S-indoxacarb and (-)-R-indoxacarb. This study was conducted to clarify the selective toxicity and sublethal effects of both enantiomers on P. xylostella and C. sinica. The (+)-S-indoxacarb isomer had greater acute toxicity to P. xylostella and C. sinica, while (-)-R-indoxacarb had less toxicity to P. xylostella and low toxicity to C. sinica. Lethal concentration 25 % (LC25) of (+)-S-indoxacarb had significant effects on the development, population, and fecundity of P. xylostella and C. sinica. The LC25 concentration of (-)-R-indoxacarb had a significant effect on the oviposition of P. xylostella. The field recommended concentration of (-)-R-indoxacarb significantly affected the pupal stage, adult survival rate, oviposition, and larval survival rate of C. sinica. Both enantiomers could significantly affect the search efficiency, successful attack rate, prey handling time, and maximum predation of C. sinica larvae, and the effects of (+)-S-indoxacarb alone were greater than those of (-)-R-indoxacarb. This study provided evidence of the different selective toxicity, sublethal effects of indoxacarb enantiomers on P. xylostella and C. sinica, which of the results could provide a basis for more rational use of indoxacarb in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nian-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qi-Tong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao-Bin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Mostafiz MM, Güncan A, Lee KY. Evaluation of Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Methyl Benzoate on the Generalist Predator Orius laevigatus (Fieber). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1911-1920. [PMID: 36124760 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Methyl benzoate (MBe), a volatile organic molecule, has been shown to have insecticidal effects on a variety of agricultural, stored products, and urban arthropod pests in recent investigations. However, the toxicity of MBe against nontarget organisms has rarely been investigated. This study investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of MBe on the generalist predator Orius laevigatus (Fieber) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) via different exposure routes. This species is an important natural enemy of thrips, aphids, and mites in biological control programs globally. Acute toxicity bioassays conducted on O. laevigatus showed that the lethal median concentration (LC50) values of MBe for topical and residual toxicity were 0.73 and 0.94%, respectively, after 24 hr of exposure. Importantly, a sublethal concentration of MBe (LC30 = 0.51%) did not affect the survival and reproduction of O. laevigatus. In addition, prey consumption by O. laevigatus under different exposure conditions with varying densities of Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) adults demonstrated a good fit for a Type II functional response. The sublethal concentration of MBe did not affect the attack rate and handling time of O. laevigatus compared to untreated insects, nor did it affect the longevity and fecundity of O. laevigatus females. Thus, according to the International Organization for Biological Control, the sublethal MBe concentration for O. laevigatus is categorized as harmless and may be used in conjunction with this predator species for integrated control of many agricultural insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Munir Mostafiz
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Güncan
- Ordu University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, 52200, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Sustainable Agriculture Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Gunwi, 39061, Republic of Korea
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Xu Z, Li L, Bai J, Zhang Y, Min M, Ma W, Ma L. Transcriptome analysis of emamectin benzoate caused midgut damage by inducing oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4628-4637. [PMID: 35861673 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emamectin benzoate (EMB) is a semisynthetic bioinsecticide, which has been widely used in the control of forestry and agricultural pests. However, the mechanism of its toxic effects on the non-neural tissues has been rarely reported. Here, we explored the mechanism of the midgut damage induced by EMB in gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in order to better understand the toxicological mechanism of EMB. RESULTS Our results confirmed that EMB caused damage to the midgut of gypsy moth by inducing apoptosis. Transcriptome showed that 1469, 650 and 950 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the midgut of gypsy moth after 24, 48 and 72 h of EMB exposure, and oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis may be related to the toxic effects of EMB. The indicators related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism and apoptosis were further examined. The results showed that EMB could cause oxidative stress by increasing ROS level and inhibiting antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05), such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which in turn causes mitochondria injury. Subsequently, energy metabolism was inhibited by downregulating the activities and mRNA level of energy metabolism enzymes. Furthermore, the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated, triggering apoptosis, and eventually causing midgut injury in gypsy moth. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that EMB caused damage to midgut by inducing oxidative stress, energy metabolism disorder and apoptosis in gypsy moth. Our findings shed new light on the toxicological mechanism of EMB on non-neural tissues from oxidative stress, energy metabolism and apoptosis perspectives. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianyang Bai
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengru Min
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Forest Protection, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Liu KX, Guo Y, Zhang CX, Xue CB. Sublethal effects and reproductive hormesis of emamectin benzoate on Plutella xylostella. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1025959. [PMID: 36338483 PMCID: PMC9627195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1025959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L., is an important pest of cruciferous vegetables, and population control mainly depends on chemical pesticides. Emamectin benzoate is a highly effective insecticide used for controlling DBM. However, it is unknown how the sublethal effects of low concentration residues of emamectin benzoate on DBM. So the population development sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate, at LC5, LC10, and LC20 with concentrations of 0.014 mg/L, 0.024 mg/L and 0.047 mg/L, respectively, on adult DBM and their progeny were investigated in this study. The pupal weight, pupal period, female fecundity, and vitellin content of the F0 DBM generation increased significantly compared to the control. And the single female oviposition number of DBM was increased by 20.21% with LC20 treatment. The pupation rate, adult longevity and ovariole length of the treatment groups decreased significantly. The fecundity of DBM in the treatment groups increased, and this increased the population by a presumptive 13.84%. Treatment also led to the shortening of ovarioles and the reduction of egg hatching, and increased pupal weight in the F1 generation. We concluded that the effects of sublethal/low concentration emamectin benzoate on the different life stages of DBM were variable, and the reproductive hormesis on DBM adults were attractive findings.
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Li JY, Chen YT, Wang QY, Zheng LZ, Fu JW, Shi MZ. Sublethal and Transgenerational Toxicities of Chlorfenapyr on Biological Traits and Enzyme Activities of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:874. [PMID: 36292822 PMCID: PMC9603968 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an economically important, invasive insect that is now distributed worldwide. Chlorfenapyr has been demonstrated to have a significant control effect on P. marginatus. In order to evaluate the sublethal and transgenerational effects of chlorfenapyr on P. marginatus, the life table data of three consecutive generations were collected and analyzed by the age stage, two-sex life table method, and the enzyme activities were assayed using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that exposure to the insecticide had significant effects on the biological traits of subsequent generations of P. marginatus, and a higher intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and a shorter mean generation time (T) were observed in the chlorfenapyr-treated F1 mealybugs. Enzyme activity assays showed that chlorfenapyr significantly inhibited the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) while activating the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which suggested that SOD, CAT, and POD may play an important role in the self-defense of P. marginatus against chlorfenapyr. These results conclusively demonstrated that exposure of P. marginatus to sublethal concentrations of chlorfenapyr induced hormetic effects on the F1 generation while having negative effects on the F0 and F3 generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Yan-Ting Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Li-Zhen Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Jian-Wei Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Shi
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Gao Z, Liu S, Li W. Biological control for predation invasion based on pair approximation. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:10252-10274. [PMID: 36031993 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have been paid more attention since invasive species may cause certain threats to local ecosystems. When biological control is adopted, selecting control species for effect better becomes the focus of latest studies. A food web system, with one native species, one invasive species as predator, and one introduced control species preying on both native and invasive species, is established based on pair approximation, in which the spatial landscape of biological invasion and control is concerned, and the local and global dispersal strategies of invasive species, in addition to the predation preferences of control species for native and invasive species, are considered. The influence of the initial density and initial spatial structures of the control species is investigated and the effects of control species releasing time are analyzed. Generally, the earlier the species introduction, the better the control effect, especially for invasive species dispersing globally. Interestingly, too low control species predation preference for native species can lead to unsuccessful introduction, while too much predation preference will have a weak control effect. The larger the control species predatory preference for invasive species is, the more conducive it is to biological control. The extinction of the invasive species is closely related to the initial density and concentration of the control species. This study gives some insights on selecting control species, its appropriate releasing time, and the density and spatial aggregation of it. Some real-life examples are elaborated on, which provides references for biological invasion control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Gao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Sen Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weide Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Applied Mathematics of Gansu, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center for Data Science, Laboratory of Applied Mathematics and Complex System, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Su Y, Ren X, Ma X, Wang D, Hu H, Song X, Cui J, Ma Y, Yao Y. Evaluation of the Toxicity and Sublethal Effects of Acetamiprid and Dinotefuran on the Predator Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060309. [PMID: 35736917 PMCID: PMC9228657 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides affect the physiology or behavior of insects, posing risks to non-target organisms. In this study, the effects of sublethal doses of two neonicotinoid insecticides, acetamiprid and dinotefuran, against Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) were determined and compared. The results showed that acetamiprid and dinotefuran at LD10 (8.18 ng a.i. per insect and 9.36 ng a.i. per insect, respectively) and LD30 (16.84 ng a.i. per insect and 15.01 ng a.i. per insect, respectively) significantly prolonged the larval stages and pupal stages (except acetamiprid LD10), compared to control. In addition, acetamiprid and dinotefuran at LD30 significantly prolonged the adult preoviposition period (APOP) and total preoviposition period (TPOP). In contrast, the two insecticides at LD10 and LD30 had no significant effect on the longevity, fecundity, reproductive days, preadult survival rate (%), intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), and finite rate of increase (λ). These results provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of these two insecticides and the utilization and protection of C. pallens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Key Laboratory of Production and Construction Corps of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Xiangliang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Hongyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Xianpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (X.R.); (X.M.); (D.W.); (H.H.); (X.S.); (J.C.)
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yongsheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Production and Construction Corps of Agricultural Integrated Pest Management in Southern Xinjiang, College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral 843300, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (Y.Y.)
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Zhang CX, Wang ZJ, Li JJ, Wang NM, Xue CB. Sublethal effects of tolfenpyrad on the development, reproduction, and predatory ability of Chrysoperla sinica. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113482. [PMID: 35367884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The lacewing, Chrysoperla sinica, is a predaceous insect that is important in crop pest management. Chemical pesticides have adversely impacted predaceous insect species. Here we studied the effect of tolfenpyrad on C. sinica. The acute toxicity of tolfenpyrad to the second-instar larvae was determined and indicated that tolfenpyrad is a medium-risk insecticide. Sublethal concentrations (LC10, LC20, and LC30) of tolfenpyrad had effects on the development, reproduction, and predatory ability of C. sinica. When the second-instar larvae of C. sinica were exposed to sublethal concentrations of tolfenpyrad, the activities of protective enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and detoxification enzymes, including carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferase, and P450 monooxygenases, were increased with exposure time. The second-instar larvae of C. sinica exposed to sublethal concentrations of tolfenpyrad exhibited an oxidative stress response that increased the levels of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Within 48-120 h after treatment, the contents of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and adenosine triphosphate in the second-instar larvae were decreased. This resulted in an imbalance between the production and clearance of ROS and caused cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zi-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Nian-Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao-Bin Xue
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Li MY, Tu XH, Cao Y, Li SG, Liu S. Characterisation of a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase from Pieris rapae and its role in protecting against oxidative stress induced by chlorantraniliprole. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104825. [PMID: 33838718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide exposure typically leads to abnormally high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage in insects. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are potent antioxidant enzymes for ROS scavenging that are essential to protect insects against insecticide-induced oxidative injury. The small white butterfly, Pieris rapae, is an economically important lepidopteran pest of cruciferous crops, and the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole is widely used to control this organism. However, whether chlorantraniliprole causes oxidative stress, and whether SODs are involved in ROS scavenging, remains unclear in P. rapae. In this study, an intracellular copper/zinc SOD (designated PrSOD1) gene was identified and characterised in P. rapae. The gene consists of four exons and three introns, and the PrSOD1 protein encoded by the gene has typical highly conserved features of CuZnSODs, including two signature motifs and seven Cu/Zn-interacting residues. Transcription of PrSOD1 was highest in the larval fat body and at the fifth-instar larval stage. Recombinant PrSOD1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli displayed antioxidant activity and high thermal and pH stability, confirming that PrSOD1 encodes a functional enzyme. Exposure to three sublethal doses of chlorantraniliprole for 6, 12 or 24 h resulted in significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration in P. rapae larvae, indicating insecticide-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, both PrSOD1 transcription levels and CuZnSOD activity were quickly (6 and 12 h, respectively) upregulated in larvae subjected to chlorantraniliprole, strongly suggesting that PrSOD1 plays an important role in protecting against oxidative damage and possibly chlorantraniliprole tolerance in P. rapae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ye Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Guang Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Su Liu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Hasan F, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Al-Misned F, Dhillon MK, Manzoor U. Ecotoxicity of neonicotinoids and diamides on population growth performance of Zygogramma bicolorata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110998. [PMID: 32778532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Relative ecotoxicity of approved neonicotinoids (i.e. imidacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran) and diamides (i.e. chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) was examined on population growth parameters of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister on parthenium under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity and 10 L : 14D photoperiod. The dose of all tested insecticides in the bioassay procedure was within a minimum range of their recommended field rate. In acute toxicity trial, imidacloprid caused highest rate of mortality in treated adults of Z. bicolorata, however, it was lowest in flubendiamide treatment followed by cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole. Further, based on toxicity coefficient (E) value in acute toxicity trial, all were classified as harmful (H) and diamides were classified as moderately harmful (MH) as per IOBC classification. Moreover, chronic toxicity trials were carried out through life table response experiments (LTREs) in the F1 progeny of acute toxicity experienced group. Prolonged development with the highest mortality was evident in as compared to diamides. Furthermore, population growth parameters i.e. potential fecundity (Pf), natality rate (mx), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (R0) and finite rate of increase (λ) was greatly reduced in Z. bicolorata treated with neonicotinoids as compared with diamides. However, mean generation time (Tc), corrected generation time (τ) and the doubling time (DT) was prolonged in neonicotinoids followed by diamides. Furthermore, proportion of females was greatly reduced (0.43-0.48 females) in neonicotinoids as comparison to diamides (0.53-0.55 females) and control (0.67 females). On the basis of ecotoxicity trials, the tested neonicotinoids were highly toxic to Z. bicolorata than diamides. Therefore, diamide insecticides could be used with Z. bicolorata, however, for validation experimentation need to be done under natural field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazil Hasan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India; Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukesh K Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Uzma Manzoor
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Sharda University, GN, Delhi, India
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