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Folgueras MB, Gutiérrez-Trashorras AJ, Laine-Cuervo G, Ríos-Fernández JC. The relevant effect of marine salt and epiphytes on Posidonia oceanica waste pyrolysis: Removal of SO 2/HCl emissions and promotion of O/HCOOH formation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 181:101-113. [PMID: 38603994 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Significant quantities of Posidonia oceanica deposit on some beaches and coastlines every year, which generates high costs associated with the disposal of this waste. Pyrolysis may be an adequate way for its valorization. However, it would imply to know how the process takes place and if the removal of its natural detrital inorganic matter (epiphytes, marine salt and sand) is necessary, which are the objectives of this research. Pyrolysis by thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry was carried out on both the washed and unwashed samples. During this waste pyrolysis, the following occurs: (i) the high alkali metal chloride content promotes fragmentation reactions of carbohydrates and O formation, which increases HCOOH intensities at temperatures between 250 and 360 °C; (ii) from 500 °C to 650 °C, Fe2O3 and decomposition of carbonates seem to be involved in reactions that produce O release and steam and CO2 reforming of hydrocarbons and oxygenated organic compounds with H2 generation; (iii) from 650 °C to 750 °C, Fe2O3, high alkali metal content and carbonate decomposition generate char gasification, an increase in O release, SO2 capture and HCOOH formation. In general, the abundance of inorganic matter (chlorides, carbonates, etc.) minimizes the release of various compounds during pyrolysis, including SO2 and HCl, while increasing HCOOH production. Thus, this high content of inorganic matter may represent an advantage for its pyrolysis, producing value-added chemical products with a reduced environmental impact. Therefore, this study may be the starting point for defining the optimal pyrolysis conditions for this waste valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Folgueras
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Mieres, c/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Antonio J Gutiérrez-Trashorras
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Engineering of Gijón, Campus de Viesques, 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - G Laine-Cuervo
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Mieres, c/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ríos-Fernández
- Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Mieres, c/ Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós s/n, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain; Department of Energy, University of Oviedo, Polytechnic School of Engineering of Gijón, Campus de Viesques, 33203 Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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2
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Calabrò PS, Elbeshbishy E, Laqa Kakar F, Zema DA. A short bibliographic review concerning biomethane production from wastewater sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024:734242X241252906. [PMID: 38757279 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241252906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Biomethane production by anaerobic digestion (AD) of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment is a viable practice to valorise the residues of these plants. However, although the relevant literature is abundant, no comprehensive reviews have been recently published on this topic. Detailed information concerning the factors influencing the AD process and values of biomethane production from the sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs) on the global scale may support technicians and researchers in both the planning and the design steps of an AD process. This study proposes a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the factors that noticeably influence biomethane yield deriving from AD of sludge from MWWTP. The reported values were systematically analysed compared to the main factors driving AD, including publication year, geographical area of each study, type of digested sludge, treatment in the water line of the MWWTP, possible sludge pre-treatments, type of digestion process, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature regime of the AD process. A higher biomethane production was registered in North American plants compared to countries in other continents. Older studies published between 2001 and 2005 reported lower mean values compared to the more recent experiments. A gradient of 'primary sludge' > 'mixed sludge' > 'wastewater activated sludge' was found for the mean biomethane yield in relation to the digested sludge type. The mean biomethane yields for different types of sludge on a global scale are 0.425, 0.296 and 0.176 Nm3 kg VS-1 for primary sludge, mixed sludge and waste activated sludge, respectively. Overall, the study demonstrates: (i) the very large variability of biomethane yields from AD of the residues from MWWTPs (mainly due to the different characteristics of sludge) and (ii) the non-significance of some factors (i.e. treatment in the water line, pre-treatments, type of process, HRT and temperature regime) on energy yields from the AD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Salvatore Calabrò
- DICEAM Department, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- Civil Engineering Department, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elsayed Elbeshbishy
- Civil Engineering Department, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Farokh Laqa Kakar
- Civil Engineering Department, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Demetrio Antonio Zema
- AGRARIA Department, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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3
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Jain R, Panwar NL, Chitranjan Agarwal, Guta T. A comprehensive review on unleashing the power of hydrogen: revolutionizing energy systems for a sustainable future. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33541-1. [PMID: 38703313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Population growth and environmental degradation are major concerns for sustainable development worldwide. Hydrogen is a clean and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, with a heating value almost three times higher than other fossil fuels. It also has a clean production process, which helps to reduce the emission of hazardous pollutants and save the environment. Among the various production methodologies described in this review, biochemical production of hydrogen is considered more suitable as it uses waste organic matter instead of fossil fuels. This technology not only produces clean energy but also helps to manage waste more efficiently. However, the production of hydrogen obtained from this method is currently more expensive due to its early stage of development. Nevertheless, various research projects are underway to develop this method on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal Jain
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Narayan Lal Panwar
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Chitranjan Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Trilok Guta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
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4
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Al-Hammadi M, Güngörmüşler M. New insights into Chlorella vulgaris applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1486-1502. [PMID: 38343183 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a big challenge that has been faced by humans in contemporary life. In this context, fossil fuel, cement production, and plastic waste pose a direct threat to the environment and biodiversity. One of the prominent solutions is the use of renewable sources, and different organisms to valorize wastes into green energy and bioplastics such as polylactic acid. Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae, is a promising candidate to resolve these issues due to its ease of cultivation, fast growth, carbon dioxide uptake, and oxygen production during its growth on wastewater along with biofuels, and other productions. Thus, in this article, we focused on the potential of Chlorella vulgaris to be used in wastewater treatment, biohydrogen, biocement, biopolymer, food additives, and preservation, biodiesel which is seen to be the most promising for industrial scale, and related biorefineries with the most recent applications with a brief review of Chlorella and polylactic acid market size to realize the technical/nontechnical reasons behind the cost and obstacles that hinder the industrial production for the mentioned applications. We believe that our findings are important for those who are interested in scientific/financial research about microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Hammadi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mine Güngörmüşler
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
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5
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Shen J, Huang G, Yao Y, Li M, Zhang P, Zhao K, Rosendahl S. Development of calcium-modified biochar for enhanced phytoremediation of human-induced salt pollutants (HISPs). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141860. [PMID: 38565377 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major environmental hazard that limits land availability. Human-induced salt pollutants (HISPs) are regularly presented in large quantities on the contaminated site (such as brine leakages and salt-water spills), causing a devastating shock with high salt stress to the ecosystem. For instance, Saskatchewan resulted in a 48% drop in wheat production and a 0.3% decline in provincial GDP. As the calcium-modified biochar can potentially ameliorate the negative effects of HISPs on plants and improve the plant, phytoremediation with calcium-modified biochar can have increased detoxification of hazardous pollutants from sites. Therefore, the objective of our study was to develop a biochar-assisted phytoremediation employing diverse approaches to calcium modification for the sustainable removal of HISPs. The co-pyrolyzed calcium biochar achieved a remarkable removal rate of 18.06%, reducing salinity from 9.44 to 7.81 dS/m. During a 90-day long-term phytoremediation, the overall reduction rate of calcium-modified biochar stimulated the germination and growth of Thinopyrum ponticum. The result of post-treatment further indicated that co-pyrolyzed biochar with Ca transferred salt into the plant compared to Ca-coated biochar, which only immobilized HISPs on its surface. These results offer two different treatment approaches for diverse situations involving HISPs contamination, addressing current in-situ spills and providing a calcium-related biochar technology for further research in desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2
| | - Guohe Huang
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2.
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2
| | - Mengna Li
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4S 0A2
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Yang T, Xiao Y, Zhao X, Li D, Ma Z, Li W, Gong T, Zhang T, Huang N, Xi B. Transformation pathways of the carbon-containing group compounds during municipal sludge pyrolysis treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 178:26-34. [PMID: 38377766 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Municipal sludge contains abundant amounts of carbon, with contents ranging from 14 % to 38 %. The various carbon-containing group compounds can be converted into beneficial products, but pollutants and greenhouse gases are also released through the municipal sludge pyrolysis process. Ascertaining the pathways by which carbon-containing group compounds is converted and transformed is crucial for addressing pollution concerns and promoting recycling. This study explored the transformation pathways of carbon-containing group compounds during the pyrolysis process of municipal sludge. The results showed that the three major carbon-containing group compounds including protein (61 %), cellulose (9 %), and hemicellulose (7 %), had significantly different pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C, 400 °C and 300 °C. In terms of gas pollution, most carbon was fully pyrolyzed into CO2. While the temperature raised up to 500 °C, a part of the CO2 converted into CO. Meanwhile, the various carbon-containing compounds exhibited distinct effects on gas production, which CH4 was produced more with cellulose and protein presenting in the sludge. When temperature increased to 700 °C, the 60 % of the carbon-containing group compounds were transformed into liquid and solid. The pyrolysis liquid in the low-temperature stage (30-300 °C) contained a relatively high aliphatics content and lower organooxygen species (OOSs) content (at 200 °C), suggesting a potential for resource utilization. The yield of CO in the gas rapidly increased as the temperature increased in the high-temperature stage (500-700 °C). The insights from this study hold practical implications for enhancing municipal sludge pyrolysis efficiency, reducing pollution, and facilitating more sustainable and resource-efficient practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China; School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710000, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Zhifei Ma
- School of Resources Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Nannan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
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7
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Liu X, Yuan S, Dai X. Thermal hydrolysis prior to hydrothermal carbonization resulted in high quality sludge hydrochar with low nitrogen and sulfur content. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 176:117-127. [PMID: 38277809 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization of waste activated sludge suffers from a low degree of carbonization caused by limited hydrolysis of carbohydrates and proteins, resulting in a high nitrogen content in hydrochar. Thus, it is hypothesized that thermal hydrolysis could destroy the stable floc structure of waste activated sludge, leading to higher degree of carbonization and high quality hydrochar with low nitrogen content by improving the solubilization and hydrolysis of organic matter. In the current study, thermal hydrolysis at 90 °C, 125 °C, and 155 °C was performed prior to hydrothermal carbonization to obtain low-nitrogen-content hydrochar. Thermal hydrolysis greatly improved the hydrolysis of sewage sludge. The nitrogen and sulfur content in hydrochars obtained after thermal hydrolysis decreased to 1.5-1.6 % from 1.7 %, and to 0.4 % from 0.5 %, respectively, depending on the hydrolysis conditions. Thermal decomposition stability of hydrochars obtained after thermal hydrolysis were also improved. Thermal hydrolysis at 90 °C and 125 °C promoted hydrolysis, dehydration, and the Diels-Alder reaction during hydrothermal carbonization, resulting in lower hydrochar yield but higher H/C and O/C atomic ratio. The Maillard reaction occurred during thermal hydrolysis at 155 °C, leading to the formation of large molecular refractory compounds that were retained in the hydrochar and increased the hydrochar yield. Furthermore, thermal hydrolysis can accelerate pyrolysis reaction of hydrochars, resulting in reduced energy consumption. The newly established thermal hydrolysis-hydrothermal carbonization process using sewage sludge as the feedstock has the potential to contribute to the development of the hydrothermal carbonization industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shijie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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8
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Wilawan B, Chan SS, Ling TC, Show PL, Ng EP, Jonglertjunya W, Phadungbut P, Khoo KS. Advancement of Carotenogenesis of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis: Recent Insight and Way Forward. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:402-423. [PMID: 37270443 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The demand for astaxanthin has been increasing for many health applications ranging from pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, and aquaculture due to its bioactive properties. Haematococcus pluvialis is widely recognized as the microalgae species with the highest natural accumulation of astaxanthin, which has made it a valuable source for industrial production. Astaxanthin produced by other sources such as chemical synthesis or fermentation are often produced in the cis configuration, which has been shown to have lower bioactivity. Additionally, some sources of astaxanthin, such as shrimp, may denature or degrade when exposed to high temperatures, which can result in a loss of bioactivity. Producing natural astaxanthin through the cultivation of H. pluvialis is presently a demanding and time-consuming task, which incurs high expenses and restricts the cost-effective industrial production of this valuable substance. The production of astaxanthin occurs through two distinct pathways, namely the cytosolic mevalonate pathway and the chloroplast methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. The latest advancements in enhancing product quality and extracting techniques at a reasonable cost are emphasized in this review. The comparative of specific extraction processes of H. pluvialis biological astaxanthin production that may be applied to large-scale industries were assessed. The article covers a contemporary approach to optimizing microalgae culture for increased astaxanthin content, as well as obtaining preliminary data on the sustainability of astaxanthin production and astaxanthin marketing information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busakorn Wilawan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Sook Sin Chan
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institut Biologi Sains, Fakulti Sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Woranart Jonglertjunya
- Fermentation Technology Laboratory (FerTechLab), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| | - Poomiwat Phadungbut
- Nanocomposite Engineering Laboratory (NanoCEN), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
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9
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Sun Z, Li J, Wang X, Xia S, Zhao J. Enhanced heavy metal stabilization and phosphorus retention during the hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure by in-situ formation of MgFe 2O 4. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:96-105. [PMID: 38039939 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization is an efficient technique for the disposal of livestock manure, enabling its harmless treatment, quantity reduction, and resourceful utilization. Co-hydrothermal of modified materials facilitates the production of more valuable carbonaceous materials. However, further exploration is needed to understand their potential impact on the environmental risks associated with livestock manure disposal and the application of products derived from it. Therefore, the carbonization degree, heavy metals stabilization, and phosphorus retention during the hydrothermal treatment of swine manure were systematically investigated in this study under the influence of in-situ formed MgFe2O4. The results revealed that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 improved the dehydration and decarboxylation of organic components in swine manure, thereby improving its carbonization degree. Furthermore, both hydrothermal carbonization and MgFe2O4 modified hydrothermal carbonization resulted in an enhanced stabilization of heavy metals, leading to a significant reduction in their soluble/exchangeable fraction and reducible fraction. Phosphorus was predominantly retained in the hydrochars, with the highest retention rate reaching 88%, attributed to the significant decrease in soluble and exchangeable phosphorus fractions facilitated by the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4. Moreover, MgFe2O4 modified hydrochars exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Cu(II) without any leaching of heavy metals. Overall, the findings indicated that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 positively influenced the hydrothermal of swine manure, improving certain economic benefits in its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200050, PR China; YANGTZE Eco Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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10
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Jiang N, Zhang A, Miruka AC, Wang L, Li X, Xue G, Liu Y. Synergistic effects and mechanisms of plasma coupled with peracetic acid in enhancing short-chain fatty acid production from sludge: Motivation of reactive species and metabolic tuning of microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129618. [PMID: 37544535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Suitable waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatments that boost short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from anaerobic fermentation are essential for carbon emission reduction and sludge resource utilization. This study established an efficient WAS pretreatment process combining atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) with peracetic acid (PAA). The maximum SCFA production (6.5-fold that of the control) largely increased under the optimal conditions (PAA dosage = 25 mg/g VSS (volatile suspended solids), energy consumption = 20.9 kWh/m3). APPJ/PAA pretreatment enhanced the production of multiple reactive species (including OH, CH3C(O)O, 1O2, ONOO-, O2-, and eaq-) and strengthened the effects of H2O2, heat, and light. This synergistically solubilized WAS and released organic substrates for SCFA-producing microbes. In addition, the enrichment of SCFA-producing bacteria and the decrease in SCFA-consuming bacteria favored SCFA accumulation. The key genes encoding for the main substrate metabolism and SCFA production in the metabolic pathway of fermentation were also enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Circular Economy Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Andere Clement Miruka
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; School of Chemistry and Material Science, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi 52428-00200, Kenya
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; National Circular Economy Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai 201620, China
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11
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Di Costanzo N, Cesaro A, Di Capua F, Mascolo MC, Esposito G. Application of high-intensity static magnetic field as a strategy to enhance the fertilizing potential of sewage sludge digestate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:122-130. [PMID: 37573717 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a sustainable and well-established option to handle sewage sludge (SS), as it generates a methane-rich biogas and a digestate with potential fertilizing properties. In the past, different strategies have been proposed to enhance the valorization of SS. Among these, the application of a static magnetic field (SMF) has been poorly evaluated. This study aims to determine the effects of a high-intensity SMF (1.5 and 2 T) on the chemical composition of SS anaerobic digestate. Several strategies (i.e., number of magnetization cycles, addition of different sources and quantities of magnesium, and digestate aeration) have been applied to evaluate the possible formation of compounds with valuable fertilizing properties in the digestate. Experimental results showed that by combining different strategies promoting digestate exposure to the magnetic field it is possible to favour the reduction in the liquid phase of NH4+, NO3-, PO43-, SO42- and Mg2+ concentrations up to 28%, 38%, 34%, 39% and 31%, respectively. The XRD analyses conducted on the solid phase of the same magnetized digestate samples showed an increase in crystalline and amorphous phases of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds with fertilizing value, such as struvite. These results highlight that SMF application can increase the fertilizing potential of sewage sludge digestate and promote its valorization in a sustainable and circular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Costanzo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cesaro
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- School of Engineering, University of Basilicata, Via dell' Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mascolo
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Gaetano di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
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12
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Aihemaiti A, Liang S, Cai Y, Li R, Yan F, Zhang Z. Effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorous in sewage sludge biochar and its releasing mechanisms in heavy metal contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106214-106226. [PMID: 37726629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Modifications of sludge biochar with metal-based materials can enhance its fertilizing efficiency and improve safety. To elucidate the effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorus in sludge biochar and its effect on phosphorus fractionation in soil, we investigated the changes in fractionation and bioavailability of phosphorus in modified sludge biochar and studied the changes in soil characteristics, microbial diversity and response, bioavailability, plant uptake of phosphorus, and heavy metals in contaminated soils after treatment with ferrous sulfate modified sludge biochar. The results demonstrated that ferrous sulfate modifications were conducive to the formation of moderately labile phosphorus in sludge biochar, and the concentrations increased by a factor of 2.7 compared to control. The application of ferrous sulfate-modified sludge biochar to alkaline heavy metal-contaminated soils enhanced the bioavailable, labile, and moderately labile phosphorus contents by a factor of 2.9, 3.0, and 1.6, respectively, whereas it obviously reduced the leachability and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils, exhibited great potentials in the fertilization and remediation of actual heavy metal-contaminated soils in mining areas. The biochar-induced reduction in soil pH, enhancement of organic matter, surface oxygen-containing functional groups, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, and its phosphonate degradation activity were primarily responsible for the solubilization of phosphorus from modified biochar in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikelaimu Aihemaiti
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Shuoyang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Chatzis A, Orellana E, Gaspari M, Kontogiannopoulos K, Treu L, Zouboulis A, Kougias PG. Comparative study on packing materials for improved biological methanation in trickle Bed reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129456. [PMID: 37406828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Packing materials improve biological methanation efficiency in Trickle Bed Reactors. The present study, which lies in the field of energy production and biotechnology, entailed the evaluation of commercial pelletized activated carbon and Raschig rings as packing materials. The evaluation focused on monitoring process indicators and examining the composition of the microbial community. Activated carbon resulted in enhanced methane purity, achieving a two-fold higher methane percentage than Raschig rings, maintaining a stable pH level within a range of 7-8 and reducing gas retention time from 6 h to 90 min. Additionally, the digestate derived from biogas plant was found to be a sufficient nutrient source for the process. Fermentative species with genes for β-oxidation, such as Amaricoccus sp. and Caloramator australicus could explain the production of hexanoic and valerate acids during reactor operation. Based on the physical properties of packing materials, the efficiency of biological methanation could be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Chatzis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi-Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Esteban Orellana
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Gaspari
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi-Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | | | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Anastasios Zouboulis
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi-Thessaloniki 57001, Greece.
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14
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Giwa AS, Maurice NJ, Luoyan A, Liu X, Yunlong Y, Hong Z. Advances in sewage sludge application and treatment: Process integration of plasma pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion with the resource recovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19765. [PMID: 37809742 PMCID: PMC10559074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is an environmental issue due to its high organic content and ability to release hazardous substances. Most of the treatments available are biological, thermal hydrolysis, mechanical (ultrasound, high pressure, and lysis), chemical with oxidation (mainly ozonation), and alkali pre-treatments. Other treatment methods include landfill, wet oxidation, composting, drying, stabilization, incineration, pyrolysis, carbonization, liquefaction, gasification, and torrefaction. Some of these SS disposal methods damage the ecosystem and underutilize the potential resource value of SS. These challenges must be overcome with an innovative technique for the improvement of SS's nutritional value, energy content, and usability. This review proposes plasma pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion (AD) as promising SS treatment technologies. Plasma pyrolysis pre-treats SS to make it digestible by AD bacteria and immobilizes the heavy metals. The addition of Char to the upstream AD process increases the quantity and quality of biogas produced while enhancing the nutrients in the digestate. These two processes are integrated at high temperatures, thus creating concerns about their energy demand. These challenges are offset by the generated energy that can run the treatment plant or be sold to the grid, generating additional cash. Plasma pyrolysis wastes can also be converted into biochar, organic fertilizer, or soil conditioner. These combined technologies' financial sustainability depends on the treatment facility's circumstances and location. Plasma pyrolysis and AD can treat SS sustainably and provide nutrients and resources. This paper explains the co-process treatment route's techno-economic prospects, challenges, and recommendations for the future application of SS valorization and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | | | - Ai Luoyan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Yang Yunlong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Zhao Hong
- Jiangxi Transportation Institute Company Limited, China
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15
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Sarvi M, Kainulainen A, Malk V, Kaseva J, Rasa K. Industrial pilot scale slow pyrolysis reduces the content of organic contaminants in sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:95-104. [PMID: 37651946 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis has been gaining global interest as a viable option for reducing organic contaminant levels in waste materials such as sewage sludge (SS) for their subsequent use as a soil amendment. However, publicly available knowledge on the capacity of pyrolysis to reduce the levels in SSs is mostly based on laboratory or bench scale studies. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of industrial pilot scale slow pyrolysis at two temperatures and retention times (450 °C, 1 h and 500 °C, 1.5 h) on a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants in SSs. Pyrolysis at 500 °C decreased the concentrations of the detected per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs, by 30-93 %), brominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs; by 97-98 %) and most endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs, by 82-96 %) more efficiently than pyrolysis at 450 °C. Estrone and pharmaceuticals, with the exception of paracetamol, were removed to below quantification limits. Non-volatile inorganic contaminants concentrated to the chars (22-46 % increase). These results confirm that slow pyrolysis has the capacity to significantly reduce organic contaminant levels in SSs at an industrial scale, while content of inorganic contaminants depends mainly on the feedstock properties. Pyrolysis temperature of over 500 °C is advised to secure efficient removal of organic contaminants. However, it is anticipated that reactor design with good heat transfer and volatile removal could further improve the removal of organic contaminants from SSs. The results are especially valuable for sludge management operators planning to procure a pyrolysis plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Sarvi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland.
| | - Aino Kainulainen
- Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority HSY, Ilmalantori 1, FI-00240, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vuokko Malk
- South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences (Xamk), Patteristonkatu 2, FI-50100 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Janne Kaseva
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Kimmo Rasa
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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16
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Daniel F, Sekar M, Gavurová B, Govindasamy C, Moorthy R K, P B, T R P. Recovering biogas and nutrients via novel anaerobic co-digestion of pre-treated water hyacinth for the enhanced biogas production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116216. [PMID: 37224944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation explores the feasibility of generating biogas from water hyacinth (WH) through a pretreatment process. The WH samples were subjected to a high concentration of H2SO4 pretreatment to enhance biogas production. The H2SO4 pretreatment aids in breaking down the lignocellulosic materials found in the WH. Additionally, it helps modify the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which assists in the anaerobic digestion process. The samples underwent pretreatment with 5% v/v H2SO4 for 60 min. Biogas production was conducted for both untreated and pretreated samples. Furthermore, sewage sludge and cow dung were used as inoculants to promote fermentation in the absence of oxygen. The results of this study demonstrate that the pretreatment of water hyacinth with 5% v/v H2SO4 for 60 min considerably enhances biogas production through the anaerobic co-digestion process. The maximum biogas production was recorded by T. Control-1, with a production rate of 155 mL on the 15th day compared to all other controls. All the pretreated samples showed the highest biogas production on the 15th day, which is comparatively five days earlier than the untreated samples. In terms of CH4 production, the maximum yield was observed between the 25th and 27th days. These findings suggest that water hyacinth is a viable source of biogas production, and the pretreatment method significantly improves biogas yield. This study presents a practical and innovative approach to biogas production from water hyacinth and highlights the potential for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freedon Daniel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ghaziabad, India
| | - M Sekar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, India
| | - Beata Gavurová
- Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Letná 1/9, 042 00, Košice-Sever, Slovak Republic
| | - Chandramohan Govindasamy
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishnan Moorthy R
- Department of Electrical and Electronics, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, India
| | - Boomadevi P
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, India
| | - Praveenkumar T R
- Department of Construction Technology and Management, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
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17
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Rodrigues JL, Campêlo JDM, Wisniewski A, Hantao LW, Eberlin MN, Santos JM. Chemical evaluation of pyrolysis oils from domestic and industrial effluent treatment station sludges with perspective to produce value-added products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:202-210. [PMID: 37311387 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of renewable sources for energy has increased due to the high demand of modern society and the environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Environmentally friendly renewable energy production may involve thermal processes, including the application of biomass. We provide a comprehensive chemical characterization of sludges from domestic and industrial effluent treatment stations, as well as the bio-oils produced by fast pyrolysis. A comparative study of the sludges and the corresponding pyrolysis oils was performed, with characterization of the raw materials using thermogravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The bio-oils were characterized using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry that identified compounds classified according to their chemical class, mainly related to nitrogenous (62.2%) and ester (18.9%) for domestic sludge bio-oil, and nitrogenous (61.0%) and ester (27.6%) for industrial sludge bio-oil. The Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry revealed a broad distribution of classes with oxygen and/or sulfur (N2O2S, O2, and S2 classes). Nitrogenous compounds (N, N2, N3, and NxOxclasses) were also found to be abundant in both bio-oils, due to the origins of the sludges (with the presence of proteins), making these bio-oils unsuitable for use as renewable fuels, since NOxgases could be released during combustion processes. The presence of functionalized alkyl chains indicated the potential of the bio-oils as sources of high added-value compounds that could be obtained by recovery processes and used for the manufacture of fertilizers, surfactants, and nitrogen solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas L Rodrigues
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline de M Campêlo
- Petroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group (PEM), Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Petroleum and Energy from Biomass Research Group (PEB), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Leandro W Hantao
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Engineering, Mackenzie Presbyterian University. Rua da Consolação, 930. São Paulo - SP. 01302-907, Brazil; MackGraphe - Mackenzie Institute for Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute. Rua da Consolação, 896. São Paulo - SP. 01302-907. Brazil
| | - Jandyson M Santos
- Petroleum, Energy and Mass Spectrometry Research Group (PEM), Department of Chemistry, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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18
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Rehman SU, Ijaz SS, Raza MA, Fatima S, Javed N, Irfan M, Hussain S, Siddiqa A, Lateef M, Khan AUR, Khan RA, Ahmad T. Struvite separation from wastewater and its use with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria improves phosphorus utilization in alkaline soil. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:885-900. [PMID: 37651327 PMCID: wst_2023_243 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A major portion of phosphatic fertilizer comes from the limiting natural resource, rock phosphate, which demands a timely alternative. Struvite, a crystalline mineral of low solubility, is a worthwhile alternative. Evaluation of the local wastewater streams for their ability to precipitate struvite and its capability as phosphatic fertilizer under an alkaline soil environment was studied. Two stirring speeds, a pH range of 8.0-11.0, and a constant molar ratio were used to optimize local wastewater streams for struvite precipitation. Struvite was used in five different combinations to assess the release of phosphorus (P), including control (no P source), single superphosphate, struvite, struvite + sulfur, and rock phosphate with or without inoculation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). For struvite precipitation, low stirring speeds are ideal because the precipitates readily sink to the bottom once they form. Furthermore, the amalgamation of SOB with sulfur significantly improved P use efficiency under alkaline soils through increased phosphorus sources solubility and enabled optimum wheat production due to its low solubility in an alkaline soil condition. Due to its capacity to recycle phosphorus from wastewater, struvite is poised to emerge as a sustainable fertilizer and had an opportunity to capture a share of this expanding market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ur Rehman
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Shahzada Sohail Ijaz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shroz Fatima
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nabeeha Javed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sajad Hussain
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Siddiqa
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Lateef
- Department of Agronomy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Atta Ur Rehman Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Rameez Akram Khan
- Department of Agricultural Extension, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Touqeer Ahmad
- Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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19
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Sharma M, Sharma NR, Kanwar RS. Assessment of agriwaste derived substrates to grow ornamental plants for constructed wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28364-5. [PMID: 37369896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Burning of surplus residues in agricultural fields is a common practice in many countries of the world. This practice adds emissions into the atmosphere and results in the loss of essential plant nutrients, hence, there is a need for developing technologies for the sustainable management of agri-residues. Constructed wetlands offer excellent nature-based, low-cost green technologies for the treatment of wastewater using surplus agricultural residues as wetland substrates to grow ornamental plants as a source of income. This study was conducted to investigate the use of agricultural residues and biochar as substrates to grow ornamental plants in constructed wetlands. Four ornamental plants (Canna Indica, Gerbera jamesonii, Liliumwallichianum, and Tagetes erecta) were grown in six different substrate combinations for 120 days. Data on plant growth parameters were collected for each plant and compared to select the best substrate combination. Canna Indica and Lilium wallichianum resulted in significantly higher growth and nutrient uptake (P<0.001) with the substrate of 15% rice straw, 80% soil, 5% biochar (T4), and 25% sugarcane bagasse, 70% soil, 5% biochar (T5) compared to other plants. The result concluded that agricultural waste-derived substrates are viable alternatives having fertilizing effects with the potential for nutrient recovery. The present study provides an alternative approach to utilize agricultural waste sustainably to grow ornamental plants in the constructed wetland which reduces the overall cost of the wetland unit making it more cost-efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Neeta Raj Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
| | - Rameshwar S Kanwar
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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20
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Lian W, Shi W, Tian S, Gong X, Yu Q, Lu H, Liu Z, Zheng J, Wang Y, Bian R, Li L, Pan G. Preparation and application of biochar from co-pyrolysis of different feedstocks for immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 163:12-21. [PMID: 36989826 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis is a potentially effective method for both biomass waste management and multi-functional biochar-based product design. It involves the thermochemical decomposition of biomass waste under anoxic conditions, which can reduce the cost of disposal and produce biochar with beneficial properties. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the properties and environmental applications of biochar from single- and mixed- feedstocks of wheat straw, rice husk, pig manure, and oyster shell at 450 ℃, respectively. A pot experiment with Chinese cabbage was carried out to compare the effects of biochars with limestone on soil Cd and Pb immobilization at two harvest periods. The results indicated that co-pyrolysis of various biomasses exhibited synthetic effects on promoting the calorific value of syngas and enhancing the quality of produced biochar. The pot experiment revealed a significant promotion on soil pH, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and soluble Ca, which consequently reduced Cd and Pb availability. In contrast with limestone treatment, soil amendment with single biomass-derived and co-pyrolysis-derived (COPB) biochars had a significant positive impact on soil fertility and microbial biomass. Application of COPB at a 0.5% dosage consistently and most effectively enhanced the shoot biomass, increased leaf Vitamin C content but reduced leaf content of nitrate and heavy metals in both harvests. Using COPB for soil remediation would be financially visible due to the enhancement of crop yield. Therefore, this study proposes a strategy for targeted enhancement of the functions of biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of selected biomass waste for soil remediation and agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Lian
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Water Conservancy and Hydroeletric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Shuai Tian
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueliu Gong
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiuyu Yu
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifei Lu
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
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21
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Zhang Z, Yang H, Wang B, Chen C, Zou X, Cheng T, Li J. Aerobic co-composting of mature compost with cattle manure: organic matter conversion and microbial community characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129187. [PMID: 37196747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The production of organic fertilizer by aerobic composting of cattle manure is an important way of its resource utilization. This study evaluated the effects of adding mature compost on the decomposition and microbial communities in the aerobic composting of cattle manure. The addition of mature compost shortens the composting cycle and results in a final lignocellulosic degradation rate of 35%. Metagenomic analysis showed that this was due to the proliferation of thermophilic and organic matter-degrading functional microorganisms, which enhanced the activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. With the addition of mature compost, the microbial community exhibited stronger metabolic functions, especially carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, which are the driving forces of organic matter degradation. This study deepens the understanding of organic matter conversion and microbial community metabolic functions when mature compost is used for livestock manure composting and provides a promising technology for livestock manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Huaikai Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tuo Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China.
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22
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Oliveira APDS, Assemany P, Covell L, Calijuri ML. Copper multifaceted interferences during swine wastewater treatment in high-rate algal ponds: alterations on nutrient removal, biomass composition and resource recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121364. [PMID: 36849087 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae cultivation in swine wastewater (SW) allows the removal of nutrients and biomass production. However, SW is known for its Cu contamination, and its effects on algae cultivation systems such as high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) are poorly understood. This gap in the literature limits the proposition of adequate concentrations of Cu to optimise SW treatment and resource recovery in HRAPs. For this assessment, 12 HRAPs installed outdoors were operated with 800 L of SW with different Cu concentrations (0.1-4.0 mg/L). Cu's interferences on the growth and composition of biomass and nutrient removal from SW were investigated through mass balance and experimental modelling. The results showed that the concentration of 1.0 mg Cu/L stimulated microalgae growth, and above 3.0 mg Cu/L caused inhibition accompanied by an accumulation of H2O2. Furthermore, Cu affected the contents of lipids and carotenoids observed in the biomass; the highest concentration was observed in the control (16%) and 0.5 mg Cu/L (1.6 mg/g), respectively. An innovative result was verified for nutrient removal, in which increased Cu concentration reduced the N-NH4+ removal rate. In contrast, the soluble P removal rate was enhanced by 2.0 mg Cu/L. Removal of soluble Cu in treated SW reached 91%. However, the action of microalgae in this process was not associated with assimilation but with a pH increase resulting from photosynthesis. A preliminary evaluation of economic viability showed that the commercialisation of biomass considering the concentration of carotenoids obtained in HRAPs with 0.5 mg Cu/L could be economically attractive. In conclusion, Cu affected the different parameters evaluated in this study in a complex way. This can help managers consort nutrient removal, biomass production, and resource recovery, providing information for possible industrial exploitation of the generated bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Assemany
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras), Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Covell
- Department of Plant Biology, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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23
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Alharbi K, Hafez EM, Omara AED, Nehela Y. Composted Bagasse and/or Cyanobacteria-Based Bio-Stimulants Maintain Barley Growth and Productivity under Salinity Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091827. [PMID: 37176885 PMCID: PMC10181477 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil and water salinity are among the most fatal environmental challenges that threaten agricultural production worldwide. This study investigated the potential impact(s) of soil amendment using composted bagasse and/or foliar application of cyanobacteria-based bio-stimulants (Arthrospira platensis, also known as Spirulina platensis) to combat the harmful effect(s) of using saline water to irrigate barley plants grown in salt-affected soils during 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. Briefly, the dual application of composted bagasse and cyanobacteria-based bio-stimulants significantly improved the soil properties, buffered the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and enhanced the activity of soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenase). Moreover, both treatments and their combination notably augmented the water relations of barley plants under salinity stress. All treatments significantly decreased stomatal conductance (gs) and relative water content (RWC) but increased the electrolyte leakage (EL) and balanced the contents of Na+ and K+, and their ratio (K+/Na+) of barley leaves under salinity stress compared with those irrigated with fresh water during the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. Additionally, composted bagasse and cyanobacteria-based bio-stimulants diminished the oxidative stress in barley plants under salinity stress by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX). Consequently, the combination of composted bagasse and cyanobacteria extract resulted in superior yield-related traits such as spike length, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index. Collectively, our findings suggest that the integrative application of composted bagasse and cyanobacteria is promising as a sustainable environmental strategiy that can be used to improve soil properties, plant growth, and productivity of not only barley plants but also maybe other cereal crops irrigated with saline water in salt-affected soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Dein Omara
- Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12112, Egypt
| | - Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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24
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Iqbal N, Tanzeem-Ul-Haq HS, Turan V, Iqbal M. Soil Amendments and Foliar Melatonin Reduced Pb Uptake, and Oxidative Stress, and Improved Spinach Quality in Pb-Contaminated Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091829. [PMID: 37176896 PMCID: PMC10180591 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Amending Pb-affected soil with biochar (BH) and magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKC) reduces Pb uptake in plants. Moreover, foliar applications of melatonin and proline are also known to reduce plant oxidative stress and Pb uptake. However, little is known about combining both techniques, i.e., adding a combo immobilizing dose (CIA = mixture of BH and MKC at 50:50 ratio) in Pb-polluted soil and foliar application of proline and melatonin for reducing Pb uptake and oxidative stress in spinach. Control, proline, melatonin, CIA, CIA+proline, and CIA+melatonin were the treatments utilized in this pot study to see their effects on reducing plant oxidative stress, Pb uptake, and improving spinach quality in Pb-polluted soil. Moreover, Pb bioavailability, enzymatic activities, and numbers of bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes in the soil were also evaluated. The effect of CIA on reducing Pb in the soil-plant system and improving soil enzymes and microbial numbers was more pronounced than melatonin alone. The most effective treatment was CIA+melatonin reducing Pb availability in soil (77%), shoots (95%), and roots (84%), alleviating oxidative stress, and improving plant biomass (98%) and nutrients. Soil enzymatic activities and the number of microorganisms in the rhizosphere were also highest with CIA+melatonin. Results highlight the significance of CIA+melatonin, as an inexpensive approach, in remediating Pb-polluted soil and improving spinach quality. However, further research is needed to understand the significance of CIA+melatonin on different crops and various soil Pb concentrations before employing this technique commercially in agriculture and environment sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Syed Tanzeem-Ul-Haq
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Veysel Turan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingöl University, 12000 Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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25
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Soja G, Sörensen A, Drosg B, Gabauer W, Ortner M, Schumergruber A, Dunst G, Meitner D, Guillen-Burrieza E, Pfeifer C. Abattoir residues as nutrient resources: Nitrogen recycling with bone chars and biogas digestates. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15169. [PMID: 37095952 PMCID: PMC10121787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abattoirs produce by-products that may become valuable resources for nutrient recycling and energy generation by including pyrolysis and biogas production in the value creation chain. This study investigated the potential of bone chars as sorbents for ammonium in order to produce a soil amendment useful for fertilizing purposes. Ammonium enriched from the digestate by membrane distillation or from pure ammonium sulphate solutions accommodated the nitrogen sorption to the bone chars. The plant availability of the sorbed nitrogen was studied by a standardized short-term plant test with rye (Secale cereale L.). The results showed that ammonium, both from biogas digestate and from pure salt solutions, could be sorbed successfully to the bone chars post-pyrolysis and increased the nitrogen concentration of the chars (1.6 ± 0.3%) by 0.2-0.4%. This additional nitrogen was desorbed easily and supported plant growth (+17 to +37%) and plant nitrogen uptake (+19-74%). The sorption of ammonium to the bone chars had a positive effect on the reversal of pure bone char phytotoxicity and on nitrogen availability. In summary, this study showed that abattoir wastes are useful pyrolysis input materials to produce bone chars and to provide ammonium source for sorption to the chars. This innovation offers the possibility to produce nitrogen-enriched bone chars as a new type of fertilizer that upgrades the known value of bone char as phosphorus fertilizer by an additional nitrogen fertilizer effect.
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26
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Zhou Q, Liu G, Hu Z, Zheng Y, Lin Z, Li P. Impact of different structures of biochar on decreasing methane emissions from sewage sludge composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:723-732. [PMID: 36196850 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221122586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from sewage sludge composting can be reduced by using biochar more effectively. This study investigates the impact of different structure of biochar on CH4 emissions during sewage sludge composting. Corncob biochar (CB, pore size = 35.3990 nm), rice husk biochar (RB, pore size = 3.4242 nm) and wood biochar (WB, pore size = 1.6691 nm) were applied to the composting. The results showed that biochar decreased CH4 emissions, mainly through the indirect effect of improving the pile environment. Compared with the control group (CK), the biochars with smaller pore structures, WB and RB, reduced CH4 emissions by 41.83% and 33.59%, respectively, compared to only 8.20% for CB, which has a larger pore structure. In addition, RB and WB increased the free air space (FAS) by more than 10% and CB improved the microbial diversity. Methanothermobacter was reported in WB and RB, with an abundance of 45.45% in WB. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that pore size was positively correlated with the CH4 emission rate. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for CH4 reduction from biochar co-composting of sewage sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoying Liu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhanbo Hu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yukai Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeshuai Lin
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Peiyi Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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27
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Hu J, Wang J, Yang S, Qi S, Jiang Z, Dai H, Zhou J. Soil nitrogen functional transformation microbial genes response to biochar application in different irrigation paddy field in southern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7770-7785. [PMID: 36044151 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence points to the controlled irrigation (CI) and biochar application (BA) having agricultural economic value and ecological benefits, but their synergistic effect and microbial mechanism of nitrogen conversion remain unknown in paddy fields. The effects of different BA (0, 20, 40 t/hm2) on the soil nitrogen functional transformation microbial genes (nifH, AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA) in different irrigation (CI, flooding irrigation) were clarified. After one seasonal growth of paddy, the correlation between the abundance of functional genes OUT and soil nitrogen transformation environment factors during the typical growth period was analyzed. High-throughput sequencing results illustrated that the application of CC (40 t/hm2 biochar) increased the nifH genes bacterial community abundance; the abundance of dominant microorganism increased by 79.68~86.19%. Because biochar can potentially control the rates of N cycling in soil systems by adsorbing ammonia and increasing NH4+ storage, it increased soil NH4+-N and NO3--N content by 60.77% and 26.14%, improving microbial nitrogen fixation. Rare species Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosococcus, and Methylocystis appeared in biochar treatments group, which increased the diversity of microbial in paddy. The combined use of CI and BA affected soil inorganic nitrogen content, temperature (T), pH, Eh, etc., which affected urease, urea hydrolysis, and nitrogen functional transformation microorganism genes. Correlation analysis shows that soil NH4+-N, T, and Eh, respectively, are significant factors for the formation of nifH, AOA-amoA, and AOB-amoA soil bacterial communities, respectively. This study suggests that to maintain the biodiversity of soil and realize the sustainable development of rice cultivation, CI is of great importance in combination with BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Hu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, 8th Focheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Development Center for Science and Technology of Rural Water Resources of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shihong Yang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, 8th Focheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Suting Qi
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, 8th Focheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zewei Jiang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, 8th Focheng West Road, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Huidong Dai
- Urban Water Scheduling and Information Management Department of Kunshan City, Kunshan, 215300, China
| | - Jiaoyan Zhou
- Urban Water Scheduling and Information Management Department of Kunshan City, Kunshan, 215300, China
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28
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Ajien A, Idris J, Md Sofwan N, Husen R, Seli H. Coconut shell and husk biochar: A review of production and activation technology, economic, financial aspect and application. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:37-51. [PMID: 36346183 PMCID: PMC9925910 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221127167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The coconut industry generates a relatively large amount of coconut shell and husk biomass, which can be utilized for industrial and environmental purposes. Immense potential for added value when coconut shell and husk biomass are turned into biochar and limited studies are available, making this review paper significant. This paper specifically presents the production and activation technology, economic and financial aspect and application of biochar from coconut shell and husk biomass. Pyrolysis, gasification and self-sustained carbonization are among the production technology discussed to convert this biomass into carbon-rich materials with distinctive characteristics. The surface characteristics of coconut-based biochar, that is, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (SBET), pore volume (Vp), pore diameter (dp) and surface functional group can be enhanced by physical and chemical activation and metal impregnation. Due to their favourable characteristics, coconut shell and husk-activated biochar exhibit their potential as valuable adsorption materials for industrial and environmental application including biodiesel production, capacitive deionization, soil amendment, water treatment and carbon sequestration. With the knowledge of the potential, the coconut industry can contribute to both the local and global biocircular economy by producing coconut shell and husk biochar for economic development and environmental remediation. The capital and operating cost for production and activation processes must be taken into account to ensure bioeconomy sustainability, hence coconut shell and husk biomass have a great potential for income generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azrine Ajien
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Juferi Idris
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurzawani Md Sofwan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Samarahan Campus, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak,
Malaysia
| | - Rafidah Husen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti
Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Samarahan 2 Campus, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak,
Malaysia
| | - Hazman Seli
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Sarawak Branch, Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak, Malaysia
- School of Chemical Engineering, College
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Shah Alam,
Selangor, Malaysia
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29
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Marcińczyk M, Ok YS, Oleszczuk P. From waste to fertilizer: Nutrient recovery from wastewater by pristine and engineered biochars. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135310. [PMID: 35714962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application for the recovery of nutrients from wastewater is a sustainable method based on a circular economy. Wastewater, food wastewater, and stormwater are valuable sources of nutrients (i.e., PO43-, NO3-, and NH4+). The unique properties of biochar, such as its large specific surface area, pH buffering capacity, and ion-exchange ability, make it a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent. Biochar engineering improves biochar properties and provide targeted adsorbents. The biochar-based fertilizers can be a sustainable alternative to traditional fertilization. The aim of the study was to compare the potential of pristine and engineered biochars to recover nutrients from wastewater and to determine the factors which may affect this process. Engineered biochar can be used as a selective adsorbent from multicomponent solutions. Adsorption on engineered biochar can be also regulated by additional mechanisms: surface precipitation and ligand/ion exchange. Metal modification (e.g. Mg, Fe) enhances PO43- and NO3- adsorption capacity, and thus may provide the extra plant macro-/micronutrients. The desorption mechanism, which is the basis for nutrient release are strongly pH depended. The use of biochar-based fertilizer can have economic and agricultural benefits when using waste materials and reducing pyrolysis energy costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marcińczyk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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30
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Zhang L, He K, Wang T, Liu C, An Y, Zhong J. Frequent algal blooms dramatically increase methane while decrease carbon dioxide in a shallow lake bay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120061. [PMID: 36041568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems play a key role in global greenhouse gas estimations and carbon budgets, and algal blooms are widespread owing to intensified anthropological activities. However, little is known about greenhouse gas dynamics in freshwater experiencing frequent algal blooms. Therefore, to explore the spatial and temporal variations in methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), seasonal field investigations were performed in the Northwest Bay of Lake Chaohu (China), where there are frequent algal blooms. From the highest site in the nearshore to the pelagic zones, the CH4 concentration in water decreased by at least 80%, and this dynamic was most obvious in warm seasons when algal blooms occurred. CH4 was 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the saturated concentration, with the highest in spring, which makes this bay a constant source of CH4. However, unlike CH4, CO2 did not change substantially, and river mouths acted as hotspots for CO2 in most situations. The highest CO2 concentration appeared in winter and was saturated, whereas at other times, CO2 was unsaturated and acted as a sink. The intensive photosynthesis of rich algae decreased the CO2 in the water and increased dissolved oxygen and pH. The increase in CH4 in the bay was attributed to the mineralization of autochthonous organic carbon. These findings suggest that frequent algal blooms will greatly absorb more CO2 from atmosphere and increasingly release CH4, therefore, the contribution of the bay to the lake's CH4 emissions and carbon budget will be major even though it is small. The results of this study will be the same to other shallow lakes with frequent algal bloom, making lakes a more important part of the carbon budget and greenhouse gases emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Kai He
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Yanfei An
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jicheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
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Efficient bioimmobilization of cadmium contamination in phosphate mining wastelands by the phosphate solubilizing fungus Penicillium oxalicum ZP6. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Devi ND, Mukherjee C, Bhatt G, Rangan L, Goud VV. Co-cultivation of microalgae-cyanobacterium under various nitrogen and phosphorus regimes to concurrently improve biomass, lipid accumulation and easy harvesting. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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da Silva MD, da Boit Martinello K, Knani S, Lütke SF, Machado LMM, Manera C, Perondi D, Godinho M, Collazzo GC, Silva LFO, Dotto GL. Pyrolysis of citrus wastes for the simultaneous production of adsorbents for Cu(II), H 2, and d-limonene. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 152:17-29. [PMID: 35964399 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A route based on pyrolysis and physical activation with H2O and CO2 was proposed to reuse citrus waste traditionally discarded. The citrus wastes were orange peel (OP), mandarine peel (MP), rangpur lime peel (RLP), and sweet lime peel (SLP). The main aim was to use the solid products of this new route as adsorbents for Cu(II) ions. Copper ions are among the most important water pollutants due to their non-degradability, toxicity, and bioaccumulation, facilitating their inclusion and long persistence in the food chain. Besides the solid products, the liquid and gaseous fractions were evaluated for possible applications. Results showed that the citrus waste composition favored the thermochemical treatment. In addition, the following yields were obtained from the pyrolysis process: approximately 30 % wt. of biochar, 40 % wt. of non-condensable gases, and 30 % wt. of bio-oil. The biochars did not present a high specific surface area. Nevertheless, activated carbons with CO2 and H2O presented specific surface areas of 212.4 m2/g and 399.4 m2/g, respectively, and reached Cu(II) adsorption capacities of 28.2 mg g-1 and 27.8 mg g-1. The adsorption kinetic study revealed that the equilibrium was attained at 60 min and the pseudo-second-order model presented a better fit to the experimental data. The main generated gases were CO2, which could be employed as an activating agent for activated carbon production. d-limonene, used for food and medicinal purposes, was the main constituent of the bio-oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele D da Silva
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Salah Knani
- Northern Border University, College of Science, Arar, PO Box 1631, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrina F Lütke
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lauren M M Machado
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Christian Manera
- Engineering of Processes and Technologies Post-Graduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul- UCS, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniele Perondi
- Engineering of Processes and Technologies Post-Graduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul- UCS, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Godinho
- Engineering of Processes and Technologies Post-Graduate Program, University of Caxias do Sul- UCS, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela C Collazzo
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55-66, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia.
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000-7, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Zheng Y, Wan Y, Zhang Y, Huang J, Yang Y, Tsang DCW, Wang H, Chen H, Gao B. Recovery of phosphorus from wastewater: A review based on current phosphorous removal technologies. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 53:1148-1172. [PMID: 37090929 PMCID: PMC10116781 DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2022.2128194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) as an essential nutrient for life sustains the productivity of food systems; yet misdirected P often accumulates in wastewater and triggers water eutrophication if not properly treated. Although technologies have been developed to remove P, little attention has been paid to the recovery of P from wastewater. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art P removal technologies in the science of wastewater treatment. Our analyses focus on the mechanisms, removal efficiencies, and recovery potential of four typical water and wastewater treatment processes including precipitation, biological treatment, membrane separation, and adsorption. The design principles, feasibility, operation parameters, and pros & cons of these technologies are analyzed and compared. Perspectives and future research of P removal and recovery are also proposed in the context of paradigm shift to sustainable water treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zheng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yongshan Wan
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US EPA, Gulf Breeze, Florida, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, Arkansas, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Wakudkar H, Jain S. A holistic overview on corn cob biochar: A mini-review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:1143-1155. [PMID: 34994258 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211069741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Corn cob is one of the agricultural waste materials subjected to improper burning, which creates pollution. It can be used for the production of green technologies for further applications. Carbonisation or slow pyrolysis could be promising alternative to burning. It has many applications, such as soil ameliorant, waste water treatment, carbon sequestration, composting, supercapacitor, fuel cell and biocomposites material. It motivated to investigate the suitability of corn cob as a potential material for biochar production and its application. The advanced form of analysis, such as thermogravimetric, scanning electron microscopy, surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, is elaborated for in-depth knowledge of characteristics. The hypothesis is that if the available corn cob is used for biochar production, it will reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. On a global level, conversion of available corn cob into biochar is expected to reduce CO2 emission by 0.13 Gt per year. The reduction in CO2 emission also favours economy. If 1 tonne of biomass per year is converted into biochar, 0.82 tonnes of CO2 can be reduced per year and by considering the emission cost of Rs 1800 per tonne, the cost saving would be Rs 1476 per year. The presented mini-review article provides an outline of the state-of-art information on corn cob biochar and its novel application. It will be helpful to scientific domain to find new opportunities in biochar research and also the humanity will be benefitted due to reduction in greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Wakudkar
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur, India
| | - Sudhir Jain
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology (MPUAT), Udaipur, India
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36
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Micro-electricity utilization performance and microbial mechanism in microbial fuel cell powered electro-Fenton system for azo dye treatment. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Cui Z, Xu G, Ormeci B, Liu H, Zhang Z. Transformation and stabilization of heavy metals during pyrolysis of organic and inorganic-dominated sewage sludges and their mechanisms. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 150:57-65. [PMID: 35803157 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improperdisposal of sludge will release heavy metals contained in sludge into soils or waters which could further move through the food chain, posing a risk to human health. Understanding the transformation and stabilization of heavy metals (HMs) during pyrolysis is of great value for safe disposal of sludge. Herein, municipal sewage sludge (MSS, organic-dominated) and pharmacy sludge (PS, inorganic-dominated) were pyrolyzed to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic components and temperature on the stabilization of HMs in sludges. The results showed that pyrolysis can promote the transition of HMs from mobile fractions to stable fractions. Compared to MSS and PS, the potential ecological risk index of biochar derived from MSS and PS decreased by 95.51% and 85.05%, respectively, after pyrolysis at 800 °C. The stabilization of HMs in MSS was mainly due to the complexation reactions between metals and amide functional groups (-CO-NH-) during pyrolysis. Moreover, the mechanism of HMs stabilization in PS lied in the formation of a stable crystal-structure such as copper iron oxide (Cu6Fe3O7) and copper iron phosphate (Cu2Fe5(PO4)6, Cu3Fe4(PO4)6) with iron-containing minerals after high-temperature pyrolysis. The results of this study indicated that the organic and inorganic components of sludge play different roles in the stabilization and transformation of HMs during pyrolysis, which provided a scientific basis for the ecotoxicity reduction of HMs and safe disposal of sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Cui
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China; Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Banu Ormeci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University, Canada
| | - Hongwei Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China
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Li M, Hu E, Tian Y, Yang Y, Dai C, Li C. Fast pyrolysis characteristics and its mechanism of corn stover over iron oxide via quick infrared heating. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 149:60-69. [PMID: 35724609 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The harm done to the environment by fossil fuels was serious, and it is urgent to find effective methods and adopt carbon-neutral feedstock to prevent further environmental damage. An innovative infrared heating reactor was developed for the generation of high-yield bio-oil and cleaner pyrolysis gases. This work was devoted to exploring the fast pyrolysis characteristics and its mechanism of corn stover over the iron oxide in a novel infrared heating (IH) reactor and a traditional electric heating (EH) reactor. In the IH reactor, the bio-oil yield increased initially and then decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, reaching a maximum yield of 29 wt% at 600 °C. The yield of pyrolysis bio-oil and water decreased as the reusability number rose, whereas the char yield increased. Bio-oil yields decreased less from R0 to R3 and the catalyst was more effective in IH. IH produced more char and gas but considerably less water than EH, and its bio-oil had fewer phenols. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the aromatic structure of biochar increased as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be completely cleaved at lower temperatures in IH. In addition, Fe2O3 catalysts have shown the advantages of low cost, efficient cycling, and long action time. Infrared heating coupled with iron oxide catalyst shows the potential to increase bio-oil yield and is more promising for industrial production than EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Erfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yishui Tian
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bioenergy Research Group, EBRI, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Chongyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Nanda N, Bharadvaja N. Algal bioplastics: current market trends and technical aspects. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2022; 24:2659-2679. [PMID: 35855786 PMCID: PMC9281343 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-022-02353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Plastics are undebatably a hot topic of discussion across international forums due to their huge ecological footprint. The onset of COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the issue in an irreversible manner. Bioplastics produced from renewable sources are a result of lookout for sustainable alternatives. Replacing a ton of synthetic plastics with biobased ones reduces 1.8 tons CO2 emissions. Here, we begin with highlighting the problem statement-Plastic accumulation and its associated negative impacts. Microalgae outperforms plants and microbes, when used to produce bioplastic due to superior growth rate, non-competitive nature to food, and simultaneous wastewater remediation. They have minimal nutrient requirements and less dependency on climatic conditions for cultivation. These are the reasons for current boom in the algal bioplastic market. However, it is still not at par in price with the petroleum-based plastics. A brief market research has been done to better evaluate the current global status and future scope of algal bioplastics. The objective of this review is to propose possible solutions to resolve the challenges in scale up of bioplastic industry. Various bioplastic production technologies have been comprehensively discussed along with their optimization strategies. Overall studies discussed show that in order to make it cost competitive adopting a multi-dimensional approach like algal biorefinery is the best way out. A holistic comparison of any bio-based alternative with its conventional counterpart is imperative to assess its impact upon commercialization. Therefore, the review concludes with the life cycle assessment of bioplastics and measures to improve their inclusivity in a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Nanda
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
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40
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Sailer G, Eichermüller J, Empl F, Poetsch J, Pelz S, Kuptz D, Oechsner H, Müller J. Improving the energetic utilization of household food waste: Impact of temperature and atmosphere during storage. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:366-375. [PMID: 35439687 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food waste (FW) from households represents a major fraction of municipal waste and it is often collected in separate biowaste bins. Until waste collection is carried out, storage conditions in the biowaste bin influence FW properties. To draw conclusions for an optimized waste utilization in anaerobic digestion (AD), the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of storage duration (20 to 40 days) and temperature (5 °C and 20 °C) on inherent energy potentials of household FW during aerobic and anaerobic storage. Therefore, physico-chemical parameters of recipe-based FW samples with reproducible initial compositions were monitored. After 20 days of aerobic storage, water contents (WC) were reduced from 61.9% to 39.5% (20 °C) and from 63.9% to 50.3% (5 °C) while organic dry matter (oDM) concentrations were lowered by 4.3% (20 °C) and 1.1% (5 °C). Increased pH-values of 6.6 (initially 5.5) were only measured for FW stored aerobically at 20 °C. In total, the energy potential was decreased by 31% (20 °C) and by 16% (5 °C). Thus, storage temperature and duration are crucial parameters for optimized aerobic FW storage leading to higher energy yields in AD. Instead, anaerobic storage of FW decreased pH-values to <5 while increasing WC in all samples (up to 67% at 20 °C). As oDM concentrations were preserved almost completely, the energy potential losses were only marginal proving that energy contents of FW could be preserved at household level. Consequently, energy yields in AD of FW could be increased through anaerobic storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Sailer
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Eichermüller
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Florian Empl
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Poetsch
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pelz
- University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Kuptz
- Technology and Support Centre in the Centre of Excellence for Renewable Resources (TFZ), Department of Solid Biofuels, Schulgasse 18, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Hans Oechsner
- State Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioenergy, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Müller
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Tropics and Subtropics Group, Garbenstrasse 9, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Maroušek J, Trakal L. Techno-economic analysis reveals the untapped potential of wood biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133000. [PMID: 34808200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations estimates the rate of deforestation over 10 million hectares per year, with additional infested wood available due to drought, bark beetle calamity and other damage vectors. Processing the hard-to-reach infested wood into biochar via mobile pyrolysis units seems to be a good option for fire prevention. However, since most biochar is currently produced mainly from biological waste, there is not enough experience with wood biochar on a large scale. Review of current knowledge, followed by techno-economic assessment reveals that following the chemical composition of the feedstock, wood biochar outperforms other types of biochar in terms of high porosity. Therefore, wood biochar shows excellent results in increasing the amount of plant-available water content in soil and appears to be an excellent tool for recycling nutrients (especially into plant-available forms of phosphorus and nitrogen). The overall positive effects of biochar application change from abiotic to biotic over time because as it decays, many of its physical properties disappear, but it can boost soil microbial communities on which soil fertility depends. As global climate change creates a wide range of factors that damage forest cover, wood biochar consequently represents untapped potential in the field of soil, nutrient, and energy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Maroušek
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Agriculture, Studentská 1668, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics Mostní 5139, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha, Suchdol, Czech Republic
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Maroušek J, Gavurová B. Recovering phosphorous from biogas fermentation residues indicates promising economic results. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133008. [PMID: 34838843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The economics of producing energy-valuable gases by fermenting phytomass is deteriorated by the costs associated with waste management of highly diluted (typically 95% water) fermentation residues (FR). Previously, no better solution was known than to plough FR into the arable land and claim that it is an irrigation with soil improving and fertilizing effect. However, farmers soon realized that FR organic matter is of little agronomic value and nutrients are at agronomically insignificant levels. As FR watering has proved economically irrational in many countries the practice of separating water from the FR and using the solid fraction for energy purposes (such as charcoal) has dominated. However, most nutrients are lost in this way. For the first time it is proposed to activate the charred FR via calcium chloride (whose price is insignificant as it would be used for fertilization purposes anyway) and using the resulting sorbent to capture phosphorus (P) out of the FR's liquid fraction. It is reported for the first time that the activated char is capable of capturing 37.5 ± 4.7 kg P t-1 whereas the P availability for plant nutrition outperforms FR as well as struvite. In addition, the char demonstrates the potential to improve soil characteristics and the metabolism of soil biota. The cost breakdown and subsequent market analysis indicates that the novel fertilizer shows signs of competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Maroušek
- Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata Univesity in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Beata Gavurová
- Tomas Bata Univesity in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, 760 01, Zlín, Czech Republic
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Building Envelope and the Outdoor Microclimate Variable of Vernacular Houses: Analysis on the Environmental Elements in Tropical Coastal and Mountain Areas of Indonesia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Temperature and humidity are essential factors in analyzing a building’s thermal performance. This research presents the differences in field measurements of vernacular houses in coastal and mountain areas in Indonesia. Field measurements were taken for five consecutive days in four vernacular houses. The variables were measured at the beginning and at the peak of the rainy season. Analysis included a combination of graphic and descriptive methods. The research results show that the location difference between coast and mountain results in a relatively high difference in temperature (43.6%). The outdoor temperature in the mountain area is lower than that of the coastal area. The outdoor humidity of the mountain area is 0.69% higher than that of the coastal area. In the tropical coastal area, the outdoor temperature of the exposed-brick house is 0.94% lower than that of the coastal wooden house. The outdoor air humidity of the brick house is 0.89% higher than that of the coastal wooden house. In the tropical mountain area, the outdoor temperature of the exposed-stone house is 2.47% lower than that of the wooden house. The outdoor air humidity of the stone house is 0.4% lower than that of the wooden house. The outdoor conditions affect the indoor conditions of the respective houses. These microclimatic differences are influenced by micro-environmental factors, such as the density of surrounding buildings, amount of vegetation, and shading. The research shows that height difference is the most dominant factor influencing outdoor microclimate. Regional microclimate becomes the basis for determining the most suitable envelope materials in different areas. The innovative contribution of the work is, among other benefits, the identification of factors that influence the wellbeing of the buildings’ users in the researched geographical area and the analysis of the interaction of the external and internal environment of buildings. From the above facts, it follows that the results of this work can contribute to the development of prediction models to determine the type of cover, material, shape, and load-bearing elements needed to create comfortable and energy-efficient buildings.
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Guimarães BMR, Scatolino MV, Martins MA, Ferreira SR, Mendes LM, Lima JT, Junior MG, Tonoli GHD. Bio-based films/nanopapers from lignocellulosic wastes for production of added-value micro-/nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:8665-8683. [PMID: 34490567 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for products with lower environmental impact and the extensive applicability of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have received attention due to their attractive properties. In this study, bio-based films/nanopapers were produced with CNFs from banana tree pseudostem (BTPT) wastes and Eucalyptus kraft cellulose (EKC) and were evaluated by their properties, such as mechanical strength, biodegradability, and light transmittance. The CNFs were produced by mechanical fibrillation (after 20 and 40 passages) from suspensions of BTPT (alkaline pre-treated) and EKC. Films/nanopapers were produced by casting from both suspensions with concentrations of 2% (based in dry mass of CNF). The BTPT films/nanopapers showed greater mechanical properties, with Young's modulus and tensile strength around 2.42 GPa and 51 MPa (after 40 passages), respectively. On the other hand, the EKC samples showed lower disintegration in water after 24 h and biodegradability. The increase in the number of fibrillation cycles produced more transparent films/nanopapers and caused a significant reduction of water absorption for both raw materials. The permeability was similar for the films/nanopapers from BTPT and EKC. This study indicated that attractive mechanical properties and biodegradability, besides low cost, could be achieved by bio-based nanomaterials, with potential for being applied as emulsifying agents and special membranes, enabling more efficient utilization of agricultural wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mário Vanoli Scatolino
- Department of Production Engineering, State University of Amapá - UEAP, Macapá, AP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Alice Martins
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Instrumentação, Quinze de Novembro St, POB 741, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Saulo Rocha Ferreira
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Perimetral Av, POB 3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Lourival Marin Mendes
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Perimetral Av, POB 3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - José Tarcísio Lima
- Department of Forest Sciences, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Perimetral Av, POB 3037, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Mario Guimarães Junior
- Department of Electromechanical, Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais - CEFET, Araxá, MG, Brazil
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45
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Li WL, Zhang ZF, Kilgallon J, Sparham C, Li YF, Yuan YX. Fate of household and personal care chemicals in typical urban wastewater treatment plants indicate different seasonal patterns and removal mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118618. [PMID: 34863890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the presence and fate of household and personal care chemicals (HPCCs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important due to their increasing consumption worldwide. The seasonal patterns and removal mechanisms of HPCCs are not well understood for WWTPs that apply different treatment technologies. To answer these questions, the sewage and sludge samples were taken from 10 typical WWTPs in Northeast China. Levels of UV filters in the influents in the warm season were significantly greater than that of the cold season (p < 0.05). Significant seasonal differences were found for the removals of many HPCCs. Results revealed that the highest removal efficiencies were found for linear alkylbenzene sulphonates with values ranging from 97.2% to 99.7%, and the values were 50.0%-99.9% for other HPCCs. The SimpleTreat model demonstrated that the studied WWTPs were operating with high efficiency at the time of sampling. The sorption of HPCCs to sludge can be strongly associated with their physicochemical parameters. Mass balance calculation suggested that sorption was the dominant mechanism for the removal of antimicrobials, while degradation and/or biotransformation were the other mechanisms for removing the most HPCCs in the WWTPs. This study real the factors influencing the seasonal patterns and removal mechanisms which imply the need for further studies to fully understands the plant and human health implications as sludge could be used in the municipal land application of biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - John Kilgallon
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Chris Sparham
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre (SEAC), Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; IJRC-PTS-NA, Toronto, M2N 6X9, Canada
| | - Yi-Xing Yuan
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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46
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Tolessa A, Louw TM, Goosen NJ. Probabilistic techno-economic assessment of anaerobic digestion predicts economic benefits to smallholder farmers with quantifiable certainty. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:8-18. [PMID: 34847468 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology holds numerous potential benefits for farmers, however, challenges persist in terms of implementation costs and sustainability in developing countries. This paper presents a probabilistic techno-economic assessment tool for AD. A clear distinction is made between direct financial feasibility and wider (socio) economic feasibility. The tool identifies the technical- and economic factors influencing the returns of a particular AD process as well as the sensitivity of model predictions to variations in the value of the identified factors using a Monte Carlo approach. The tool is applied to assess the feasibility of a smallholder farm-based AD installation under a variety of substrates and operating conditions as an illustrative case study, where on-going flows of costs and benefits were considered over a 15-year period and discounted at a rate of 8%. The results of the case study revealed that the installation of a 10 m3 smallholder farm-based anaerobic digester are likely to be financially and economically viable with a financial benefit-cost ratio of 1.30-1.38 and an economic benefit-cost ratio ranged from 5.49 to 6.01. Risk assessment results confirmed the strong economic feasibility of a smallholder farm-based AD implementation: under the most conservative cost estimates, there is a 73% probability of achieving a financial benefit-cost ratio > 1, while there is a 96.6% probability of achieving an economic benefit-cost ratio > 1. The case study demonstrated the utility of probabilistic techno-economic assessments for informed decision making, a tool which can be readily generalized to other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsalu Tolessa
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Bioenergy and Biochemical Research Division, FPIRTC, EEFRI, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tobias M Louw
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Neill J Goosen
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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A Standard-Based Concept of the Integration of the Corporate Recovery Management Systems: Coping with Adversity and Uncertainty during a Pandemic. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14031254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop a conceptual model for the better coordination of recovery management systems to improve organizational performance in light of the new challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author provides a revision of “the corporate recovery prism” model by presenting an extended standard-based concept of the integration of the corporate recovery management systems. It offers, among others, two new dimensions which result in a “pentagonal pyramid”. They emphasize the type of events in the individual elements of the concept and highlight the basis of the concept on standardization. The concept has been designed in order to develop the planning, preparation, and response to incidents from an event up to a crisis and, ultimately, to improve the company’s ability to thrive and prosper in an uncertain environment. For the initial validation of the concept, empirical research was conducted in Polish enterprises. The methodology of the survey is based on a questionnaire of the best practices in addressing the COVID-19 crisis in organizations. It is used for checking the relationships between organizational performance and a triad of the concept elements, such as organizational resilience (OR), crisis management (CM), and business continuity management (BCM). Using the survey results, a strong correlation was found between the triad and the performance. Therefore, the main finding of the survey shows that elements of the concept build better performance and sustainability in enterprises during a pandemic.
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Maroušek J, Maroušková A, Periakaruppan R, Gokul GM, Anbukumaran A, Bohatá A, Kříž P, Bárta J, Černý P, Olšan P. Silica Nanoparticles from Coir Pith Synthesized by Acidic Sol-Gel Method Improve Germination Economics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020266. [PMID: 35054673 PMCID: PMC8780494 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a natural biopolymer. A vibrant and rapid process in the synthesis of silica nanoparticles by consuming the lignin as a soft template was carefully studied. The extracted biopolymer from coir pith was employed as capping and stabilizing agents to fabricate the silica nanoparticles (nSi). The synthesized silica nanoparticles (nSi) were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). All the results obtained jointly and independently verified the formation of silica nanoparticles. In addition, EDAX analysis confirmed the high purity of the nSi composed only of Si and O, with no other impurities. XRD spectroscopy showed the characteristic diffraction peaks for nSi and confirmed the formation of an amorphous nature. The average size of nSi obtained is 18 nm. The surface charge and stability of nSi were analyzed by using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thus revealed that the nSi samples have a negative charge (−20.3 mV). In addition, the seed germination and the shoot and root formation on Vigna unguiculata were investigated by using the nSi. The results revealed that the application of nSi enhanced the germination in V. unguiculata. However, further research studies must be performed in order to determine the toxic effect of biogenic nSi before mass production and use of agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Maroušek
- Institute of Technology and Business in Czech Budejovice, Faculty of Technology, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Czech Budejovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.); (P.Č.); (P.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Maroušková
- Institute of Technology and Business in Czech Budejovice, Faculty of Technology, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Rajiv Periakaruppan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India; (R.P.); (G.M.G.)
| | - G. M. Gokul
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, India; (R.P.); (G.M.G.)
| | - Ananthan Anbukumaran
- Department of Microbiology, Urumu Dhanalaksmi College, Tiruchirapalli 620019, India;
| | - Andrea Bohatá
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Czech Budejovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.); (P.Č.); (P.O.)
| | - Pavel Kříž
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Czech Budejovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.); (P.Č.); (P.O.)
- Department of Applied Physics and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, 37115 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bárta
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Czech Budejovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.); (P.Č.); (P.O.)
| | - Pavel Černý
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Czech Budejovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.); (P.Č.); (P.O.)
- Department of Applied Physics and Technology, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, 37115 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Olšan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in Czech Budejovice, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (A.B.); (P.K.); (J.B.); (P.Č.); (P.O.)
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Ge S, Pugazhendhi A, Sekar M, Xia C, Elfasakhany A, Brindhadevi K, Whangchai K. PM emissions - assessment of combustion energy transfer with Schizochytrium sp. algal biodiesel and blends in IC engine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149750. [PMID: 34454158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The continuous growing demand for fossil fuel puts an enormous pressure on finding a better replacement. This research paper explores the detailed information on the improved production, emission and performance characteristics of the distinct bio-oil derived from the micro algae of Schizochytrium. The algae were grown in the artificial seawater with enough nitrogen supply at the required standard conditions. The lipid growth and production of the bio-oil were monitored closely and measured. Different fuel blends were used at different concentrations as B0 (100% Diesel), B10 (10% schizochytrium biofuel +90% diesel), B20 (20% schizochytrium biofuel +80% diesel) and B30 (30% schizochytrium biofuel +70% diesel). A small single cylinder, four stroke diesel engine was used to conduct the tests. All tests were conducted at different speed conditions of 1200 rpm to 2100 rpm in six intervals. The performance qualities of bio-oil such as CO, NOX, and smoke and CO2 emission along with the performance qualities of brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption. Form the results, the Schizochytrium microalgae bio-oil as the bio fuel for diesel engines in the moderate level showed the improved performance by increasing the BTE and reducing the harmful gas emissions except NOX. However, the emission level of NOX was slightly higher than the diesel emitted value. The difference between them was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengbo Ge
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Manigandan Sekar
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Changlei Xia
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kathirvel Brindhadevi
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kanda Whangchai
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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50
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Characteristics of Smoldering on Moist Rice Husk for Silica Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the possibility of silica production via smoldering of moist rice husk, experiments of washed (moist) rice husk (7 kg with moisture content of 51%) in a newly designed smoldering apparatus was performed. The temperature inside the fuel bed during smoldering was recorded, and characteristics of ash were analyzed. Results showed that the highest temperature in the middle of the naturally piled fuel bed was about 560.0 °C, lower than those in most of combustors. Some volatiles from the lower part of the fuel bed adhere to its upper ash during piled smoldering. Silica content and specific surface area of ash from smoldering of washed (moist) rice husk were 86.4% and 84.9 m2/g, respectively. Compared to our experiments, they are close to smoldering of unwashed rice husk (89.0%, 67.7 m2/g); different from muffle furnace burning (600 °C, 2 h) of washed (93.4%, 164.9 m2/g) and un-washed (90.2%, 45.7 m2/g) rice husk. The specific surface area is higher than those from most industrial methods (from 11.4 to 39.3 m2/g). After some improvements, the smoldering process has great potential in mass product of high quality silica directly from moist rice husk.
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