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Li L, Niu X, Zhang D, Ye X, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Ding L, Chen K, Chen Y, Chen K, Shi Z, Lin Z. A systematic review on percarbonate-based advanced oxidation processes in wastewater remediation: From theoretical understandings to practical applications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121842. [PMID: 38820735 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Percarbonate encompasses sodium percarbonate (SPC) and composite in-situ generated peroxymonocarbonate (PMC). SPC emerges as a promising alternative to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hailed for its superior transportation safety, stability, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness, thereby becoming a staple in advanced oxidation processes for mitigating water pollution. Yet, scholarly literature scarcely explores the deployment of percarbonate-AOPs in eradicating organic contaminants from aquatic systems. Consequently, this review endeavors to demystify the formation mechanisms and challenges associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in percarbonate-AOPs, alongside highlighting directions for future inquiry and development. The genesis of ROS encompasses the in situ chemical oxidation of activated SPC (including iron-based activation, discharge plasma, ozone activation, photon activation, and metal-free materials activation) and composite in situ chemical oxidation via PMC (namely, H2O2/NaHCO3/Na2CO3, peroxymonosulfate/NaHCO3/Na2CO3 systems). Moreover, the ROS generated by percarbonate-AOPs, such as •OH, O2•-, CO3•-, HO2•-, 1O2, and HCO4-, can work individually or synergistically to disintegrate target pollutants. Concurrently, this review systematically addresses conceivable obstacles posing percarbonate-AOPs in real-world application from the angle of environmental conditions (pH, temperature, coexisting substances), and potential ecological toxicity. Considering the outlined challenges and advantages, we posit future research directions to amplify the applicability and efficacy of percarbonate-AOPs in tangible settings. It is anticipated that the insights provided in this review will catalyze the progression of percarbonate-AOPs in water purification endeavors and bridge the existing knowledge void.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China.
| | - Xinyao Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan 243032, China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Kunyang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, PR China
| | - Zhaocai Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Kim JH, Lee T, Lee J, Choi H, Kwon EE. Conversion of toxic pyrogenic products into syngas through catalytic pyrolysis of insulation material waste under the presence of CO 2. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:134916. [PMID: 38909465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Plastic-based insulation materials have been widely employed owing to their exceptional durability, cost-effectiveness, low weight, and low thermal conductivity. Nevertheless, the disposal of the insulation material waste (IMW) within construction waste and its recycling and recovery are challenging. Meanwhile, landfilling or incineration methods can release toxic chemicals into the environment. Consequently, the accumulation of IMW in construction waste has become a pressing environmental concern. To address this issue, this paper proposes a pyrolysis platform as a disposal management method for IMW that employs CO2 as a reactive medium. IMW composed of polystyrene in the form of extruded polystyrene underwent pyrolysis to yield pyrogenic products containing toxic chemicals. These toxic chemicals were subsequently transformed into syngas via homogeneous reactions with CO2 under certain thermal conditions and Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. This resulted in a significant reduction in the total peak areas of toxic substances in the pyrogenic oil compared with that obtained using N2 as a medium. Furthermore, the efficacy of CO2 was demonstrated to increase with an increase in the atmospheric concentration. This study implied that catalytic pyrolysis under CO2 conditions is a potential platform for converting toxic chemicals from IMW into syngas through homogeneous reactions with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hun Kim
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Lee
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Low-Carbon Energy R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-ro, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseung Choi
- Asia Pacific Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Gao L, Qin Y, Zhou X, Jin W, He Z, Li X, Wang Q. Microalgae as future food: Rich nutrients, safety, production costs and environmental effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172167. [PMID: 38580118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The improvement of food security and nutrition has attracted wide attention, and microalgae as the most promising food source are being further explored. This paper comprehensively introduces basic and functional nutrients rich in microalgae by elaborated tables incorporating a wide variety of studies and summarizes factors influencing their accumulation effects. Subsequently, multiple comparisons of nutrients were conducted, indicating that microalgae have a high protein content. Moreover, controllable production costs and environmental friendliness prompt microalgae into the list that contains more promising and reliable future food. However, microalgae and -based foods approved and sold are limited strictly, showing that safety is a key factor affecting dietary consideration. Notably, sensory profiles and ingredient clarity play an important role in improving the acceptance of microalgae-based foods. Finally, based on the bottleneck in the microalgae food industry, suggestions for its future development were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Gao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yujia Qin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhongqi He
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgal Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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4
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Hasnine T, Lumbaque EC, Yuan Q. Optimisation of electrochemical oxidation process with boron doped diamond (BDD) for removing COD, colour, ammonium, and phosphate in landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:3141-3154. [PMID: 37139901 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2210769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the electrooxidation (EO) of mature landfill leachate from the Brady Road Resource Management Facility, Winnipeg (Canada). EO using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes were applied to treat real landfill leachate using a batch reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum process parameter levels. This research mainly focused on how different current densities (64, 95, and 125 mA/cm2) and operational time (30 min, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 hr.) influenced the optimisation of parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, ammonium, and phosphate removal in mature landfill leachate at varied pH. To attain a high percentage of removal for the parameters mentioned above, the optimal conditions were found to be a current density (J) of 125 mA/cm2 and a pH of 8. The optimum conditions resulted in removal percentages of 95.47%, 80.27%, 71.15%, and 47.15% for colour, NH4+, COD, and PO43- respectively, with an energy consumption of 0.05 kWh/dm3. The removal is related to a mechanism of the decomposition of water molecules to hydroxyl radicals and by direct anodic oxidation where the pollutants are transformed to CO2 and H2O. The novelty of this research lies in the optimisation of BDD electrode-based treatment for the simultaneous removal of COD, ammonium, phosphate, and colour from mature leachate collected from a severely cold climatic region of Canada. The BDD electrode showed excellent removal efficiencies for the targeted contaminants with lower energy consumption, making it a feasible method for on-site landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Hasnine
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Qiuyan Yuan
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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5
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Gautam K, Pandey N, Yadav D, Parthasarathi R, Turner A, Anbumani S, Jha AN. Ecotoxicological impacts of landfill sites: Towards risk assessment, mitigation policies and the role of artificial intelligence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171804. [PMID: 38513865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Waste disposal in landfills remains a global concern. Despite technological developments, landfill leachate poses a hazard to ecosystems and human health since it acts as a secondary reservoir for legacy and emerging pollutants. This study provides a systematic and scientometric review of the nature and toxicity of pollutants generated by landfills and means of assessing their potential risks. Regarding human health, unregulated waste disposal and pathogens in leachate are the leading causes of diseases reported in local populations. Both in vitro and in vivo approaches have been employed in the ecotoxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate, with model organisms ranging from bacteria to birds. These studies demonstrate a wide range of toxic effects that reflect the complex composition of leachate and geographical variations in climate, resource availability and management practices. Based on bioassay (and other) evidence, categories of persistent chemicals of most concern include brominated flame retardants, per- and polyfluorinated chemicals, pharmaceuticals and alkyl phenol ethoxylates. However, the emerging and more general literature on microplastic toxicity suggests that these particles might also be problematic in leachate. Various mitigation strategies have been identified, with most focussing on improving landfill design or leachate treatment, developing alternative disposal methods and reducing waste volume through recycling or using more sustainable materials. The success of these efforts will rely on policies and practices and their enforcement, which is seen as a particular challenge in developing nations and at the international (and transboundary) level. Artificial intelligence and machine learning afford a wide range of options for evaluating and reducing the risks associated with leachates and gaseous emissions from landfills, and various approaches tested or having potential are discussed. However, addressing the limitations in data collection, model accuracy, real-time monitoring and our understanding of environmental impacts will be critical for realising this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Gautam
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CRK Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Namrata Pandey
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CRK Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhvani Yadav
- Computational Toxicology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Parthasarathi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Computational Toxicology Facility, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Andrew Turner
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, REACT Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, CRK Campus, Lucknow 226008, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Zhou T, Li X, Liu H, Dong S, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li J, Nghiem LD, Khan SJ, Wang Q. Occurrence, fate, and remediation for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in sewage sludge: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133637. [PMID: 38306831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Addressing per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination is an urgent environmental concern. While most research has focused on PFAS contamination in water matrices, comparatively little attention has been given to sludge, a significant by-product of wastewater treatment. This critical review presents the latest information on emission sources, global distribution, international regulations, analytical methods, and remediation technologies for PFAS in sludge and biosolids from wastewater treatment plants. PFAS concentrations in sludge matrices are typically in hundreds of ng/g dry weight (dw) in developed countries but are rarely reported in developing and least-developed countries due to the limited analytical capability. In comparison to water samples, efficient extraction and cleaning procedures are crucial for PFAS detection in sludge samples. While regulations on PFAS have mainly focused on soil due to biosolids reuse, only two countries have set limits on PFAS in sludge or biosolids with a maximum of 100 ng/g dw for major PFAS. Biological technologies using microbes and enzymes present in sludge are considered as having high potential for PFAS remediation, as they are eco-friendly, low-cost, and promising. By contrast, physical/chemical methods are either energy-intensive or linked to further challenges with PFAS contamination and disposal. The findings of this review deepen our comprehension of PFAS in sludge and have guided future research recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shiman Dong
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhenyao Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jibin Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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7
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Ding W, Fan X, Zhou X, Liu R, Chen C, Jin W, Sun J, Li X, Jiang G, Liu H. Performance and mechanisms of zero valent iron enhancing short-chain fatty acids production during thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169025. [PMID: 38056647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This work first explored the feasibility and possible mechanisms of zero valent iron (ZVI) pretreatment on the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during thermophilic anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). Results showed that ZVI enhanced the quantity of SCFAs. On Day 6, the SCFAs production reached 455.84 ± 47.88 mg COD/g VSS at 5 g/L of ZVI addition, which increased by 63.80 % relative to control. The presence of ZVI can effectively promote butyric-based fermentation. ZVI accelerated the destruction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and interior sludge cells, as well as improved biodegradation of soluble organics. Also, ZVI enhanced key enzyme activities (i.e., BK and CoA-), thus promoting degradation rates of acidogenesis (6.30 ± 0.84 mg/(gVSS·h) in glucose) and acetogenesis (74.63 ± 0.29 mg/(gVSS·h) in butyrate). Compared to Fe(III), the contribution of Fe(II) was higher among the decomposition products of ZVI. Besides, ZVI favored Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which enhanced acetate formation and organic compounds disassimilation of the process, respectively. The abundance of Tepidiphilus, Thermobrachium and Tepidimicrobium was increased, indicating promoting the system stability of SCFAs production in thermophilic anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiumin Fan
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Intelligent Management and Control Center, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Ruining Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Wang Q, Jin W, Zhou X, Chen C, Han W, Mahlia TMI, Li X, Jiang G, Liu H, Wang Q. Enhancing docosahexaenoic acid production in Aurantiochytrium species using atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis and comprehensive multi-omics analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169217. [PMID: 38081429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium sp. belongs to marine heterotrophic single-cell protist, which is an important decomposer in marine ecosystem. Aurantiochytrium sp. has gained notoriety because of its ability to accumulate high-value docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but the key factors of DHA synthesis were unclear at present. In this study, Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma technology was applied to the mutagenic breeding of Aurantiochytrium sp., and transcriptomics and proteomics were adopted to analyze the DHA-biosynthesis mechanism. According to the growth and DHA accumulation profiles, the mutant strain Aurantiochytrium sp. R2A35 was selected. The DHA content in total lipids was greatly improved from 49.39 % of the wild strain R2 to 63.69 % of the mutant strain. Moreover, the DHA content in the biomass of Aurantiochytrium sp. R2A35 as 39.72 % was the highest DHA productivity reported so far. The differentially expressed genes distinguished from transcriptome and the TMT-identified differential proteins distinguished from proteome confirmed that the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and ketoacyl reductase was up-regulated by 4.78-fold and 6.95-fold, respectively and the fatty acid synthase was concurrently down-regulated by 2.79-fold, so that more precursor was transported to the polyketide synthase pathway, thereby increasing the DHA yield in Aurantiochytrium sp. R2A35. This research would provide reference for the DHA metabolism process and contribute to the understanding of the decomposer - Aurantiochytrium sp. in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055 Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055 Shenzhen, China.
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Microalgae Bioenergy, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - T M Indra Mahlia
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522 Wollongong, Australia
| | - Huan Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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9
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Dong L, Yao Z, Sun S, Wang M, Jia R. Effect of UV/peroxymonosulfate pretreatment on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation during post-chlorination of humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:422-432. [PMID: 38015407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
UV/peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) is a promising advanced oxidation technology in water treatment. This study aimed to investigate the impact of UV/PMS on humic acid (HA) and the influence of PMS dosage, pretreatment time, pH pretreatment, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and bicarbonate influencing factors on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation during post-chlorination. With increased PMS dosage or pretreatment time, the UV/PMS treatment significantly reduced ultraviolet absorbance and increased mineralization. It altered the fractional constituent as humic substances were gradually transformed into building blocks and low-molecular-weight acids. However, most DBP formation increased initially and then decreased after subsequent chlorination. Rising nitrate or nitrite concentrations markedly promoted halonitromethane (HNM) formation. The presence of ammonia had a more significant impact on dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formation. Bicarbonate in UV/PMS pretreatment increased carbonated disinfection byproduct (C-DBP) formation, whereas it had a negligible impact on nitrogenous disinfection byproduct (N-DBP) formation. The present study revealed the impact of a series of influencing factors on DBP formation in UV/PMS reaction systems, providing comprehensive insights on applying UV/PMS in actual practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Dong
- Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, China
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Zhenxing Yao
- Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Shaohua Sun
- Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Mingquan Wang
- Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Ruibao Jia
- Shandong Province City Water Supply and Drainage Water Quality Monitoring Center, Jinan, 250101, China.
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10
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Jegadeesan C, Somanathan A, Jeyakumar RB, Godvin Sharmila V. Combination of electrocoagulation with solar photo Fenton process for treatment of landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:4441-4459. [PMID: 35757857 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2093654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to provide a viable and active way to remove COD and colour from landfill leachate treated by adopting combined process of electrocoagulation and solar photo Fenton process. Coagulating agents such as metal hydroxides are created by the electrolysis process through self-sacrificial electrodes. Aluminium and iron dissolves at the anode and hydrogen gas are generated at the cathode when aluminium and iron electrodes are utilised. The contaminants interact with the coagulating agent to generate enormous organic flocs. The leachate was obtained from a landfill in Madurai and then it was characterised in terms of its major predominant pollutants. In this study, the electrocoagulation process was used in conjunction with the solar photo Fenton process to treat the leachate under ideal conditions of pH = 7, NaCl = 2 g/L, voltage = 4 V, Al & Fe electrodes and inter electrode distance = 3 cm with a COD and colour removal effectiveness of 75% and 76%, respectively. Furthermore, the effluent from the electrocoagulation process was treated using a solar photo Fenton process at pH = 3, H2O2 = 10 g/L and Fe2+ = 1 g/L with COD and colour reduction effectiveness of 90% and 91%, respectively. In this combination of treatment systems, leachate biodegradability increased from 0.35 to 0.73, favouring the biological oxidation process in conventional treatment plants. This research demonstrates that employing this paired electrocoagulation-solar photo Fenton to treat landfill leachate can achieve consistent treatment effects with high removal efficiencies, and that it is an acceptable treatment technique for landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiarani Jegadeesan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Adishkumar Somanathan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V Godvin Sharmila
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering and Technology, Kanyakumari, Tamilnadu, India
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11
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Peng Q, Lü X, Ou J, Zhou Y, Xu T, Hu B, Yu G, Zhu C, Xie Z. Study on removal of phosphorus and COD in wastewater by sinusoidal AC Fenton oxidation-coagulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3382-3392. [PMID: 35332842 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2058423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to treat domestic wastewater containing phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the new technology of Sinusoidal Alternating Current (AC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (SACFOC) was used to improve the removal efficiency (Re) and reduce energy consumption (EEC). The morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure and functional groups of the sludge were characterised by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that total phosphorus removal efficiency {Re(TP)} and removal efficiency of organic matter {Re(COD)} can reach 97.56% and 87.77%, respectively, but EEC is only 0.09 kWh·m-3 under the optimum conditions of pH0 = 3, current density (j) = 0.5 A·m-2, c0(TP) = 18 mg·dm-3, c0(COD) = 300 mg·dm-3, c0(H2O2) = 0.06 mol·dm-3, t = 45 min. As compared with direct current (DC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (DCFOC), the COD removal efficiency of SACFOC treatment was improved by 37%, but the energy consumption was reduced by 45%. The degradation process of total phosphorus and COD by SACFOC abides by the quasi-first-order kinetic model. The process of SACFOC includes double effects of electrocoagulation of iron sol by electrolysis and degrade COD by oxidation of formed hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in wastewater, which improves removal efficiency of total phosphorus and COD in wastewater. Our research findings will provide technical guidance and a theoretical basis for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater containing phosphorus and COD applying SACFOC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliu Lü
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Ou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bonian Hu
- Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Zhu
- Aerospace kaitian Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
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12
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Khavari Kashani MR, Wang Q, Khatebasreh M, Li X, Sheikh Asadi AM, Boczkaj G, Ghanbari F. Sequential treatment of landfill leachate by electrocoagulation/aeration, PMS/ZVI/UV and electro-Fenton: Performance, biodegradability and toxicity studies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117781. [PMID: 37015143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a systematic study on sequential treatment of highly resistant landfill leachate by electrocoagulation (EC)/aeration, sulfate radical advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) and electro-Fenton (EF). In case of SR-AOP, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyzed by zero valent iron (ZVI) and ultraviolet irradiation (UV) system was developed. Treatment process was optimized in respect to COD removal. Analysis of results revealed that sequential application of EC/aeration, PMS/ZVI/UV, and EF processes provide an extraordinary performance and meet the environmental regulations. The source of iron for EF process was provided from previous process reducing the cost of sequential process. Separately, EC/aeration (inlet COD = 4040 mg/L), PMS/ZVI/UV (inlet COD = 1560 mg/L), and EF (inlet COD = 471 mg/L) removed 61, 69 and 82% of COD respectively. Overall, sequential processes of EC/aeration, PMS/ZVI/UV and EF could remove the COD, TOC and ammonia of the landfill leachate around 98%, 93% and 94%, respectively. The comparison of different sequences of following processes indicated that current configuration (EC/aeration-PMS/ZVI/UV-EF) could meet the discharge standards. Furthermore, humification degree was significantly improved after oxidative processes. Biodegradability study was also performed by means of BOD/COD, average oxidation state (AOS), and Zahn-Wellens test, and the best results associated with these indices were obtained 0.56, 2.37, and over 98%, respectively. Phytotoxicity of leachate was remarkably reduced and the final effluent can be considered as a non-phytotoxic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Masoumeh Khatebasreh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Xuan Li
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, Gdansk, Poland; EkoTech Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdansk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Farshid Ghanbari
- Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC), Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
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Yazici Guvenc S, Turk OK, Can-Güven E, Garazade N, Varank G. Norfloxacin removal by ultraviolet-activated sodium percarbonate and sodium hypochlorite: process optimization and anion effect. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2872-2889. [PMID: 37318929 PMCID: wst_2023_159 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of UV-activated sodium percarbonate (SPC) and sodium hypochlorite (SHC) in Norfloxacin (Norf) removal from an aqueous solution was assessed. Control experiments were conducted and the synergistic effect of the UV-SHC and UV-SPC processes were 0.61 and 2.89, respectively. According to the first-order reaction rate constants, the process rates were ranked as UV-SPC > SPC > UV and UV-SHC > SHC > UV. Central composite design was applied to determine the optimum operating conditions for maximum Norf removal. Under optimum conditions (UV-SPC: 1 mg/L initial Norf, 4 mM SPC, pH 3, 50 min; UV-SHC: 1 mg/L initial Norf, 1 mM SHC, pH 7, 8 min), the removal yields for the UV-SPC and UV-SHC were 71.8 and 72.1%, respectively. HCO3-, Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- negatively affected both processes. UV-SPC and UV-SHC processes were effective for Norf removal from aqueous solution. Similar removal efficiencies were obtained with both processes; however, this removal efficiency was achieved in a much shorter time and more economically with the UV-SHC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Oruc Kaan Turk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Emine Can-Güven
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Narmin Garazade
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Gamze Varank
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey E-mail:
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14
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Najafinejad MS, Chianese S, Fenti A, Iovino P, Musmarra D. Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104208. [PMID: 37241948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the discharge of various emerging pollutants, chemicals, and dyes in water and wastewater has represented one of the prominent human problems. Since water pollution is directly related to human health, highly resistant and emerging compounds in aquatic environments will pose many potential risks to the health of all living beings. Therefore, water pollution is a very acute problem that has constantly increased in recent years with the expansion of various industries. Consequently, choosing efficient and innovative wastewater treatment methods to remove contaminants is crucial. Among advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is the most common and effective method for removing persistent pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewater. However, despite the great progress in using EO to treat real wastewater, there are still many gaps. This is due to the lack of comprehensive information on the operating parameters which affect the process and its operating costs. In this paper, among various scientific articles, the impact of operational parameters on the EO performances, a comparison between different electrochemical reactor configurations, and a report on general mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants have been reported. Moreover, an evaluation of cost analysis and energy consumption requirements have also been discussed. Finally, the combination process between EO and photocatalysis (PC), called photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), has been discussed and reviewed briefly. This article shows that there is a direct relationship between important operating parameters with the amount of costs and the final removal efficiency of emerging pollutants. Optimal operating conditions can be achieved by paying special attention to reactor design, which can lead to higher efficiency and more efficient treatment. The rapid development of EO for removing emerging pollutants from impacted water and its combination with other green methods can result in more efficient approaches to face the pressing water pollution challenge. PEC proved to be a promising pollutants degradation technology, in which renewable energy sources can be adopted as a primer to perform an environmentally friendly water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Angelo Fenti
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
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15
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Zhao H, Chen W, Wu D, Liu X, Hu W, Zhang X. Coupling the effect of Co and Mo on peroxymonosulfate activation for the removal of organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:48389-48400. [PMID: 36759407 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Although heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysts have been widely studied and used in SO4•- based advanced oxidation processes, the efficiencies were still not high enough due to the limiting step of Co(III)/Co(II) cycle in the system. In this study, a bimetallic oxide composed of Co and Mo was designed and used for enhancing the performance of peroxymonosulfate activation on organic pollutants removal. The CoMoO4 nanorods exhibited superior catalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation than Co3O4, MoO3, and their mechanical mixture, which was attributed to the synergetic effect between Co and Mo. CoMoO4 nanorods were able to efficiently degrade MB under a wide pH range of 3-11 and could maintain high efficiency in 5 cycles with less leakage of metal ions. Moreover, CoMoO4 nanorods displayed broad spectrum applicability to the different water matrix and a variety of pollutants such as phenol and Congo red. The Co(II) was proved to be the main active site of the catalyst, while Mo played an important role in promoting the Co(III)/Co(II) cycle. Surface free radicals are the main active species in the degradation process. This work provides new insights into the design of cobalt-based bimetallic catalyst and the improvement on PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxin Zhao
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China.
| | - Wenkai Chen
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Wanjie Hu
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- College of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
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16
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Manna M, Sen S. Advanced oxidation process: a sustainable technology for treating refractory organic compounds present in industrial wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25477-25505. [PMID: 35287196 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The world faces tremendous challenges and environmental crises due to the rising strength of wastewater. The conventional technologies fail to achieve the quality water that can be reused after treatment means "zero effluent" discharge of the industrial effluent. Therefore, now the key challenge is to develop improved technologies which will have no contribution to secondary pollution and at the same time more efficient for the socio-economic growth of the environment. Sustainable technologies are needed for wastewater treatment, reducing footprint by recycling, reusing, and recovering resources. Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one of the sustainable emerging technologies for treating refractory organic contaminants present in different industrial wastewaters like textile, paper and pulp, pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, and refineries. This critical review emerges details of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), mentioning all possible permutations and combinations of components like ozone, UV, the catalyst used in the process. Non-conventional AOP systems, microwave, ultrasound, and plasma pulse assisted are the future of the oxidation process. This review aims to enlighten the role of AOPs for the mineralization of refractory organic contaminants (ROC) to readily biodegradable organics that cannot be either possible by conventional treatment. The integrated AOPs can improve the biodegradability of recalcitrant organic compounds and reduce the toxicity of wastewater, making them suitable for further biological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Manna
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit Sen
- Catalysis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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17
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Kumar M, Ambika S, Hassani A, Nidheesh PV. Waste to catalyst: Role of agricultural waste in water and wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159762. [PMID: 36306836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Presently, owing to the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization activities, a huge quantity of wastewater is generated that contain toxic chemical and heavy metals, imposing higher environmental jeopardies and affecting the life of living well-being and the economy of the counties, if not treated appropriately. Subsequently, the advancement in sustainable cost-effective wastewater treatment technology has attracted more attention from policymakers, legislators, and scientific communities. Therefore, the current review intends to highlight the recent development and applications of biochars and/or green nanoparticles (NPs) produced from agricultural waste via green routes in removing the refractory pollutants from water and wastewater. This review also highlights the contemporary application and mechanism of biochar-supported advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the removal of organic pollutants in water and wastewater. Although, the fabrication and application of agriculture waste-derived biochar and NPs are considered a greener approach, nevertheless, before scaling up production and application, its toxicological and life-cycle challenges must be taken into account. Furthermore, future efforts should be carried out towards process engineering to enhance the performance of green catalysts to improve the economy of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Selvaraj Ambika
- Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Faculty and Program Coordinator, E-Waste Resources Engineering and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Hassani A, Scaria J, Ghanbari F, Nidheesh PV. Sulfate radicals-based advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products: A review on relevant activation mechanisms, performance, and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114789. [PMID: 36375505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the rapid development of modern industry, a greater number of organic pollutants are discharged into the water matrices. In recent decades, research efforts have focused on developing more effective technologies for the remediation of water containing pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Recently, sulfate radicals-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) have been extensively used due to their high oxidizing potential, and effectiveness compared with other AOPs in PPCPs remediation. The present review provides a comprehensive assessment of the different methods such as heat, ultraviolet (UV) light, photo-generated electrons, ultrasound (US), electrochemical, carbon nanomaterials, homogeneous, and heterogeneous catalysts for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS). In addition, possible activation mechanisms from the point of radical and non-radical pathways are discussed. Then, biodegradability enhancement and toxicity reduction are highlighted. Comparison with other AOPs and treatment of PPCPs by the integrated process are evaluated as well. Lastly, conclusions and future perspectives on this research topic are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Jaimy Scaria
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Farshid Ghanbari
- Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC), Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Li Y, Dong H, Xiao J, Li L, Chu D, Hou X, Xiang S, Dong Q, Zhang H. Advanced oxidation processes for water purification using percarbonate: Insights into oxidation mechanisms, challenges, and enhancing strategies. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130014. [PMID: 36152542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Percarbonate (SPC) has drawn considerable attention due to its merits in the safety of handling and transport, stability, and price as well as environmental friendliness, which has been extensively applied in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water decontamination. Nevertheless, comprehensive information on the application of SPC-AOPs for the treatment of organic compounds in aquatic media is scarce. Hence, the focus of this review is to shed light on the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution in typical SPC-AOPs (i.e., Fenton-like oxidation, photo-assisted oxidation, and discharge plasma-involved oxidation processes). These SPC-AOPs enable the formation of multiple reactive species like hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide radical (O2•-), singlet oxygen (1O2), carbonate radicals (CO3•-), and peroxymonocarbonate (HCO4-), which together or solely contribute to the degradation of target pollutants. Simultaneously, the potential challenges in practical applications of SPC-AOPs are systematically discussed, which include the influence of water quality parameters, cost-effectiveness, available active sites, feasible activation approaches, and ecotoxicity. Subsequently, enhancing strategies to improve the feasibility of SPC-AOPs in the practical implementation are tentatively proposed, which can be achieved by introducing reducing and chelating agents, developing novel activation approaches, designing multiple integrated oxidation processes, as well as alleviating the toxicity after SPC-AOPs treatment. Accordingly, future perspectives and research gaps in SPC-AOPs are elucidated. This review will hopefully offer valuable viewpoints and promote the future development of SPC-AOPs for actual water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Dongdong Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiuzhen Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shuxue Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qixia Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoxuan Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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20
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Performance and Kinetics of BPA Degradation Initiated by Powdered Iron (or Ferrous Sulfate) and Persulfate in Aqueous Solutions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of bisphenol A (BPA) in industry has resulted in BPA contamination of water bodies and even endocrine-disrupting effects on organisms and humans through water transmission. Advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals have received increasing attention due to their ability to efficiently degrade endocrine disruptors (including BPA) in water. In this study, powdered iron (Fe(0)) and ferrous sulfate (Fe(II)) were used as activators to activate persulfate (PS) for the degradation of BPA. The effects of the dosage of the activator, the concentration of PS, the concentration of BPA, the initial solution pH, and the reaction temperature on the degradation efficiency of BPA in Fe(II)/PS and Fe(0)/PS systems were investigated, and the kinetics of BPA degradation under different reaction conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal conditions were [Fe(II)] = 0.1 g/L, [PS] = 0.4 mM, [BPA] = 1 mg/L, T = 70 °C and pH = 5.0 for the Fe(II)/PS system and [Fe(0)] = 0.5 g/L, [PS] = 0.5 mM, [BPA] = 1 mg/L, T = 70 °C and pH = 5.0 for the Fe(0)/PS system; both systems were able to achieve equally good degradation of BPA. The degradation of BPA in the Fe(II)/PS system satisfied the pseudo-secondary kinetic equation under varying PS concentration conditions, otherwise the degradation of BPA in both systems conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.
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21
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Comparison of sulfate radical with other reactive species. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Effective removal of furfural by ultraviolet activated persulfate, peroxide, and percarbonate oxidation: Focus on influencing factors, kinetics, and water matrix effect. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Chen S, Hu J, Lu L, Wu L, Liang Z, Tang J, Hou H, Liang S, Yang J. Iron porphyrin-TiO 2 modulated peroxymonosulfate activation for efficient degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol with high-valent iron-oxo species. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136744. [PMID: 36209859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient catalysts with low cost and environmental friendliness for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation attracts broad interest. In this study, TiO2-hemin was prepared by immobilizing hemin on TiO2 using a ball milling method, demonstrating 126.9-fold enhanced catalytic degradation efficiency compared with unsupported hemin in the PMS activation system, with 92.9% of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) removed in 10 min. The superior performance is attributed to the strong interaction between TiO2 and hemin, which induces the redistribution of the electron density of hemin molecules. In the TiO2-hemin/PMS system, sulfate radicals (SO4•-), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide radicals (O2•-) were identified, which only played a minor role in the elimination of 2,4,6-TCP. Instead, high-valent iron-oxo species were proposed and identified as the primary active species. This study provides a facile strategy to enhance the activity of the biomimetic catalyst and offers insight into the catalytic mechanism of iron porphyrin with PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Liu Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Longsheng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Zhilin Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jianjian Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
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24
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Dang M, Chen D, Lu P, Xu G. Enhanced degradation of DDT using a novel iron-assisted hydrochar catalyst combined with peroxymonosulfate: Experiment and mechanism analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135893. [PMID: 35964714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poplar wood (PW) hydrochar modified by iron (Fe@HC) was prepared greenly by one-step hydrothermal method. The adsorption and degradation performance of DDT was investigated in a heterogeneous advanced oxidation system (Fe@HC/PMS) formed by Fe@HC collaborated with peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The effects of Fe@HC dosage, PMS dosage and DDT initial concentration were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that DDT removal efficiency can reach to 88.62% in 240 min under optimal conditions (4 g/L Fe@HC, 10 mM PMS, 0.5 mg/L DDT, 5.5 pH0) in Fe@HC/PMS system. Furthermore, Fe@HC/PMS system exhibited high degradation rate and TOC removal efficiency for the removal of various organic contaminants. The influence mechanisms of Fe@HC/PMS system on DDT adsorption and degradation were proposed based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) testing analysis and radical quenching experiments. Based on the mechanism analysis, the influence of Fe@HC/PMS on DDT removal efficiency can be concluded in the order: Active substance indirect degradation (60.95%) > Fe@HC direct degradation (10.13%) > Fe@HC adsorption (17.54%). Among active substance indirect degradation, SO4•-, •OH, O2•- and 1O2 occupied 27.56%, 15.74%, 5.33% and 12.32%, respectively. Moreover, DDT degradation intermediates were detected by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to predict DDT degradation pathways. This study provided a green progress for the reuse of biomass resources and a new way for the enhanced degradation of DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengen Dang
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ping Lu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guiling Xu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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25
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Song T, He Q, Meng X, He Z, Ge M. Facile synthesis of magnetic ZnFe 2O 4/AC composite to activate peroxydisulfate for dye degradation under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76321-76338. [PMID: 35666419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis/persulfate oxidation process has been considered as a promising technology for dye contaminants removal. The magnetic ZnFe2O4/active carbon (AC) composites were hydrothermally synthesized and firstly used to activate peroxydisulfate (PDS) for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible LED light irradiation. The optimized Vis-ZnFe2O4/AC(4/1)-PDS system can enhance the RhB degradation efficiency by 32.01% and 13.87% compared with Vis-ZnFe2O4-PDS and Vis-AC-PDS systems, respectively. The influence of operational parameters such as catalyst dosage (0.2 - 0.4 g L-1), PDS concentration (1.0 - 2.0 g L-1), temperature (25 - 45 °C), solution pH (2.7 - 10.9), and coexisting inorganic ions (Cl-, NO3-, HCO3-, PO43-, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Ca2+) on RhB degradation was studied, and 100% of RhB (20 mg L-1) was degraded after 80 min at operational condition: 0.30 g L-1 of ZnFe2O4/AC(4/1) and 1.5 g L-1 of PDS, solution pH of 2.74, reaction temperature of 25 °C. The quenching experiments, EPR test, and XPS analysis were employed to reveal the proposed mechanism, which demonstrated that 1O2 played a more important role than other reactive species (SO4•-, •OH, O2•-, and h+) in RhB degradation. The generation of 1O2 via the two routes was as follows: (i) the in situ formed active oxygen (O*) reacted with HSO5- to produce 1O2; (ii) O2•- was oxidized by h+ to form 1O2. After five consecutive cycles, the photodegradation efficiency of RhB by ZnFe2O4/AC(4/1) catalyst slightly decreased from 88.52 to 83.92%, indicating the excellent reusability of ZnFe2O4/AC(4/1) photocatalyst. As designed, Vis-ZnFe2O4/AC-PDS oxidation system can effectively remove RhB from the different real water matrices, and the degradation efficiency of RhB in tap water, river water, and secondary effluent was 78.24%, 79.55%, and 74.53% after 80 min of reaction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Quanbao He
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhangxing He
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- Tangshan Sanyou Group Co., Ltd, Tangshan, 063305, China
| | - Ming Ge
- College of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China.
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26
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Li X, Fan S, Jin C, Gao M, Zhao Y, Guo L, Ji J, She Z. Electrochemical degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride in sulfate solutions on boron-doped diamond electrode: The accumulation and transformation of persulfate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 305:135448. [PMID: 35764112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel electrifying mode (divided power-on and power-off stage) was applied in the system of BDD activate sulfate to degrade tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). The BDD electrode could activate sulfate and H2O to generate sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) to remove TCH, and SO4•- could dimerize to form S2O82-. Then, the S2O82- was activated by heat and quinones to generate SO4•- for the continuous degradation of TCH during the power-off stage. In addition, the intermittent time has a significant effect on the degradation of TCH. Factors, affecting the accumulation of S2O82-, were analyzed using a full factorial design, and the accumulation of S2O82- could reach 16.2 mM in 120 min. The results of electron spin resonance and radical quenching test showed that SO4•-, •OH, direct electron transfer (DET), and non-radical in the system could effectively degrade TCH, and SO4•- was dominated. The intermediate products of TCH were analyzed by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the TCH mainly underwent hydroxylation, demethylation and ring opening reactions to form small molecules, and finally mineralized. The results of the feasibility analysis revealed that some intermediates have high toxicity, but the system could improve the toxicity. The results of energy consumption indicated that the intermittent electrifying mode could make full use of the persulfate generated during the power-on stage and reduce about 30% energy consumption. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that it was economically feasible to degrade TCH in wastewater by activating sulfate with BDD electrodes with an intermittent electrifying mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shasha Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zonglian She
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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27
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Crispim AC, de Araújo DM, Martínez-Huitle CA, Souza FL, Dos Santos EV. Application of electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton processes for the degradation of contaminants in landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113552. [PMID: 35710024 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, most solid waste ends its life in landfill sites, which have a significant environmental impact in several respects. In particular, rainfall over landfill sites results in the production of an aqueous leachate containing compounds having low biodegradability, high toxicity, and a high organic load. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the applicability of electro-Fenton (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) processes as alternative for treating a local landfill effluent with high organic content (chemical oxygen demand (COD) = 2684.7 mg-O2 L -1) in a continuous-flow reactor (using, for first time, this kind of system with higher electrodes area of 35 cm2) using boron-doped diamond anode (Nb/BDD) and a carbon felt cathode (FC) electrodes. The effects of current density j (30, 60 and 90 mA cm-2) and UV radiation wavelength (UVA and UVC) were studied to evaluate the treatment efficiency as well as the energy consumption. Results clearly showed that, the best efficiencies removing organic matter, in terms of COD, were about 66%, 68% and 89% with an energy consumption of only 19.41, 17.61 and 17.59 kWh kg COD-1 for EF, PEF-UVA and PEF-UVC respectively, at 90 mA cm-2 after 4 h of operation. The treatment of this kind of effluent produced organic and inorganic by-products, the acetic and formic acids as well as NO2-, NO3-, and NH4+, being assessed their concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana C Crispim
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M de Araújo
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-900, RN, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Souza
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agriculture, Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa), XV de Novembro Street, 1452, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - Elisama V Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Eletroquímica Ambiental e Aplicada, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59.072-900, RN, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, P.O. Box 355, 14800 900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Khajeh M, Taheri E, Amin MM, Fatehizadeh A, Bedia J. Combination of hydrodynamic cavitation with oxidants for efficient treatment of synthetic and real textile wastewater. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022; 49:103143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
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29
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Xiao S, Zhou J, Liu D, Liu W, Li L, Liu X, Sun Y. Efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by peroxymonosulfate activated by composite materials FeSe2/Fe3O4 under visible light. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Degradation of sulphapyridine by Fe-Mn binary oxide-mediated radical reactions. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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31
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Gogate PR. Intensified sulfate radical oxidation using cavitation applied for wastewater treatment. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2022.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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32
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Sigcha-Pallo C, Peralta-Hernández JM, Alulema-Pullupaxi P, Carrera P, Fernández L, Pozo P, Espinoza-Montero PJ. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of diclofenac with a boron-doped diamond electrode modified with titanium dioxide as a photoanode. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113362. [PMID: 35525294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The electrophoretic deposition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (Degussa P25) onto a boron-doped diamond (BDD) substrate was carried out to produce a photoanode (TiO2/BDD) to apply in the degradation and mineralization of sodium diclofenac (DCF-Na) in an aqueous medium using photoelectrocatalysis (PEC). This study was divided into three stages: i) photoanode production through electrophoretic deposition using three suspensions (1.25%, 2.5%, 5.0% w/v) of TiO2 nanoparticles, applying 4.8 V for 15 and 20 s; ii) characterization of the TiO2/BDD photoanode using scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry response with the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system; iii) degradation of DCF-Na (25 mg L-1) through electrochemical oxidation (EO) on BDD and PEC on TiO2/BDD under dark and UVC-light conditions. The degradation of DCF-Na was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and its mineralization measured using total organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand. The results showed that after 2 h, DCF-Na degradation and mineralization reached 98.5% and 80.1%, respectively, through PEC on the TiO2/BDD photoanode at 2.2 mA cm-2 under UVC illumination, while through EO on BDD applying 4.4 mA cm-2, degradation and mineralization reached 85.6% and 76.1%, respectively. This difference occurred because of the optimal electrophoretic formation of a TiO2 film with a 9.17 μm thickness on the BDD (2.5% w/v TiO2, time 15 s, 4.8 V), which improved the electrocatalysis and oxidative capacity of the TiO2/BDD photoanode. Additionally, PEC showed a lower specific energy consumption (1.55 kWh m-3). Thus, the use of nanostructured TiO2 films deposited on BDD is an innovative photoanode alternative for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of DCF-Na, which substantially improves the degradation capacity of bare BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Sigcha-Pallo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador; Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Apartado Postal: 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- Universidad de Guanajuato, Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Cerro de La Venda S/n, Pueblito de Rocha, Guanajuato, 36040, Mexico
| | - Paulina Alulema-Pullupaxi
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | | | - Lenys Fernández
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Pozo
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador
| | - Patricio J Espinoza-Montero
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Avenida 12 de Octubre y Roca, Quito, 170525, Ecuador.
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Li Y, Dong H, Xiao J, Li L, Chu D, Hou X, Xiang S, Dong Q. Insights into a novel CuS/percarbonate/tetraacetylethylenediamine process for sulfamethazine degradation in alkaline medium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128999. [PMID: 35486998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel CuS/percarbonate/tetraacetylethylenediamine (CuS/SPC/TAED) process for the degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT). Results indicated that the CuS/SPC/TAED process enabled the efficient generation of peracetic acid (PAA), which can be efficiently activated by CuS in alkaline reaction media, and 93.6% of SMT was degraded in 30 min. Mechanism study revealed that the available reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radical (•OH), carbonate radical (CO3•-), superoxide radical (O2•-), singlet oxygen (1O2), and organic radicals (R-O•). Among them, R-O• (acetyloxyl radical (CH3CO2•) and acetylperoxyl radical (CH3CO3•)) were confirmed to be the primary species that contributed to SMT degradation. Simultaneously, the role of sulfur species and carbonate ions were explored. It was found that the reductive O2•- and sulfur species rendered the efficient redox of Cu species. Besides, the effects of key influencing factors including SPC/TAED mole ratio, CuS dosage, initial pH, temperature, and nontarget matrix constituents on SMT degradation were examined. Finally, the degradation intermediates of SMT was identified, and the toxicity of these products was estimated by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis. Overall, this work offers a new and simple strategy for antibiotic-polluted water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangju Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Haoran Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Dongdong Chu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Xiuzhen Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Shuxue Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Qixia Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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34
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Xia X, Deng L, Yang L, Shi Z. Facile synthesis of CoOOH@MXene to activate peroxymonosulfate for efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole: performance and mechanism investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:52995-53008. [PMID: 35277815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using MXene as substrate, CoOOH@MXene with different mass content of CoOOH were prepared and used to active peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. The sample characterizations demonstrated the successful preparation of CoOOH@MXene. CoOOH@MXene possessed much higher BET surface area (183.82 m2/g) than CoOOH (85.36 m2/g) and MXene (6.89 m2/g) due to the good dispersibility of CoOOH particles on MXene. Due to its large surface area, 1.3CoOOH@MXene displayed the best catalytic performance for the degradation of SMX. With 0.2 g/L of 1.3CoOOH@MXene and 0.5 mM of PMS, 20 μM of SMX was completely eliminated in 10 min. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetic model well, with rate constants of 0.33 min-1 for 1.3CoOOH@MXene and 0.054 min-1 for CoOOH. Influencing factors of initial pH, catalyst dosage, PMS concentration, SMX concentration, and co-existing anions on SMX degradation were assessed systematically. Recycling tests verified the excellent reusability and stability of the catalyst. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis substantiated that 1O2 played a leading role. Moreover, the intermediates were identified, and degradation pathways and activation mechanism of CoOOH@MXene for PMS were proposed. This work may highlight the application of MXene with transition metals in PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingfang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Jia M, Fan Y, Sun Z, Hu X. ZrO 2 supported perovskite activation of peroxymonosulfate for sulfamethoxazole removal from aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134339. [PMID: 35304221 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, A- and B-site doped perovskite La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Ni0.2O3 (LSCN) was prepared by sol-gel method. On this basis, ZrO2 supported LSCN used to maintain high catalytic activity while inhibit the leaching of toxic Co ions. Compared with the non-doped LaCoO3, the ZrO2@La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Ni0.2O3 (Z@LSCN82)/PMS system could almost completely degrade SMX in 30 min. In addition, the leaching amount of Co ions was only 0.303 mg L-1. Free radical quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments proved that active species SO4•-, •OH and 1O2 existed in the Z@LSCN82/PMS system, and SO4•- played a major role. Besides, the catalyst had high efficiency for SMX degradation in a wide pH range. In addition, co-existing anions in water such as HPO4- and Cl- also showed slight inhibition of the system. It was indicated that the Z@LSCN82/PMS system had huge potential applications for practical wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhan Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Yan Fan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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36
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Maqbool T, Ly QV, He K, Cui L, Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhang Z. Reactive electrochemical ceramic membrane for effective removal of high concentration humic acid: Insights of different performance and mechanisms. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, people’s environmental awareness has increased. The high density of the urban population has caused a considerable increase in the demand for car washing services, which has created large quantities of car wash wastewater. The main pollutants in car wash wastewater are detergents, dirt, oil, and grease. Untreated wastewater released into rainwater sewer systems or other water bodies may pollute the water and generate excessive bubble foams, which negatively affects urban appearance. Car washes are divided into mechanical car washes and manual or self-service car washes. In general, car washes have a small operation and scale, occupy limited land, and cannot afford wastewater treatment costs. Therefore, most car washes are not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities. Consequently, the discharge of wastewater from car washes negatively affects the water quality in the surrounding environment and results in wasteful use of water resources. This study reviewed 68 research papers on the quality, treatment techniques, treatment costs, and treatment effectiveness of car wash wastewater to provide a reference for car wash operators to contribute to the preservation of water resources. We found that there is a higher chance of recycling car wash wastewater when combing two different techniques for car wash wastewater treatment.
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Guvenc SY, Cebi A, Can-Güven E, Demir A, Ghanbari F, Varank G. Box-Behnken design-based biodiesel wastewater treatment using sequential acid cracking and electrochemical peroxidation process: Focus on COD, oil-grease and volatile fatty acids removals. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-022-1118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Yu Z, Ma J, Dai J, He S, Huang X, Lv Y, Liu Y, Lin C, Chen J, Liu M. Rapid degradation of p-arsanilic acid and simultaneous removal of the released arsenic species by Co-Fe@C activated peroxydisulfate process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112184. [PMID: 34627800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a bimetallic composite catalyst (Co-Fe@C) was fabricated with calcination at high temperature (800 °C) by using Co-MIL-101 (Fe) as the precursor. The characterization results showed that the resulted Co-Fe@C composite mainly consisted of carbon, FeCo alloys, Fe3O4, Co3O4 and FeO, and owned evident magnetism. In addition, the Co-Fe@C was employed to activate the peroxydisulfate (PDS) to degrade a representative organic pollutant (p-arsanilic acid, p-ASA) and the main factors were optimized, which involved 0.2 g L-1 of catalyst dosage, 1.0 g L-1 of PDS dosage and 5.0 of initial pH. Under the optimal condition, Co-Fe@C/PDS system could completely degrade p-ASA (20 mg L-1) in 5 min. In the Co-Fe@C/PDS system, SO4-·, Fe(IV) and ·OH were the main species during p-ASA degradation. Under the attack of these species, p-ASA was first decomposed into phenols and then transformed into the organics acids and finally mineralized into CO2 and H2O through a series of reactions like hydroxylation, dearsenification, deamination and benzene ring opening. Importantly, most of the released inorganic arsenic species (93.40%) could be efficiently adsorbed by the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Jiachen Ma
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Jinlan Dai
- , Technical Center of Fuzhou Customs District of PR China, Fuzhou, 350015, China.
| | - Shiyu He
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Chunxiang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
| | - Junfeng Chen
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China.
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Nadeem N, Yaseen M, Rehan ZA, Zahid M, Shakoor RA, Jilani A, Iqbal J, Rasul S, Shahid I. Coal fly ash supported CoFe 2O 4 nanocomposites: Synergetic Fenton-like and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112280. [PMID: 34756916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization is causing a serious threat for the environment. Therefore, this research was aimed in developing ceramic cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanocomposite photocatalyst coated with coal fly ash (CFA-CoFe2O4) using facile hydrothermal synthesis route and their applications against methylene blue. The pristine cobalt ferrite photocatalyst was also prepared, characterized, and applied for efficiency comparison. Prepared photocatalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Optical response of catalysts was check using photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). pH drift method was used for the surface charge characteristics of the material under acidic and basic conditions of solution pH. The photocatalytic degradation potential of all the materials were determined under ultra-violet irradiations. The influencing reaction parameters like pH, catalyst dose, oxidant dose, dye concentration, and irradiation time, were sequentially optimized to obtain best suited conditions. The 99% degradation of 10 ppm methylene blue was achieved within 60 min of reaction time under pH = 5 and 7, catalyst dose = 10 and 12 mg/100 mL, oxidant = 12 mM and 5 mM for cobalt ferrite and CFA-CoFe2O4 photocatalysts, respectively. Afterwards, the radical scavenging experiments were conducted to find out the effective radical scavengers (˙OH, h+, and e-) in photocatalytic degradation process. The kinetic study of the process was done by applying 1st order, 2nd order, and BMG models. Statistical assessment of interaction effect among experimental variables was achieved using response surface methodology (RSM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimra Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan
- Department of Polymer Engineering, National Textile University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Abdul Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asim Jilani
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Rasul
- Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Northumbria University, UK
| | - Imran Shahid
- Environmental Science Centre, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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41
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Lee H, Coulon F, Beriro DJ, Wagland ST. Recovering metal(loids) and rare earth elements from closed landfill sites without excavation: Leachate recirculation opportunities and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133418. [PMID: 34968509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal (loids) and Rare Earth Elements (REE) ('metals') are used in a wide range of products, and therefore, the improvement of expectations for everyday comforts with demand continues to grow. Metal-bearing wastes are a secondary source of raw material that can meet this demand by providing a previously unconsidered low impact supply source. Total annual leachate production is 1,056,716 m3. Therefore, landfill leachate emerges as a significant potential resource as it contains high concentrations of metals. However, realising a profitable return on investment for leachate processing is a challenge due to relatively low recovery rates of approximately 0.02% of total heavy metals in a landfill being leached out in 30 years. Variation within the multi-element value and the effect of other chemicals in these complex mixtures. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms and potential applicability of extraction methods for optimising metals recovery from leachate. This paper addresses this need by providing a systematic review of the critical factors and environmental conditions that influence the behaviour of metals within the landfilled waste. The paper provides a synthesis of how the factors and conditions may affect leachate recirculation efficiency for recovery in the context of a range of opportunities and challenges facing circular economy practitioners. To approach feasibility metal recovery economically from landfill leachate without energy-intensive and environmentally destructive, future research actions need to be initiated in lab-based and later on semi-pilot to pilot studies, which the review can help achieve the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - F Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - D J Beriro
- Digital Laboratories, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - S T Wagland
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
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42
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Hassani A, Malhotra M, Karim AV, Krishnan S, Nidheesh PV. Recent progress on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical processes: A review on mechanism, reactor strategies, and applications for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112463. [PMID: 34856168 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have received significant attention among the many other water and wastewater treatment technologies. However, achieving a desirable removal effect with a single technique is frequently difficult. Therefore, the integration of ultrasound technique with other processes such as electrocoagulation, electro-Fenton, and electrooxidation is a critical way to achieve effective organic pollutants decomposition from wastewater. This review paper is focused on ultrasound-assisted electrochemical (US/electrochemical) processes, so-called sonoelectrochemical processes of various organic pollutants. Emphasis was given to recently published articles for discussing the results and trends in this research area. The use of ultrasound and integration with electrochemical processes has a synergistic impact owing to the physical and chemical consequences of cavitation, resulting in enhancing the mineralization of organic pollutants. Various types of sonoelectrochemical reactors (batch and continuous) employed in the US/electrochemical processes were reviewed. In addition, the strategies to avoid passivation, enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, and mixing effect are reviewed. Finally, concluding remarks and future perspectives on this research topic are also explored and recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydin Hassani
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Milan Malhotra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Ansaf V Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - Sukanya Krishnan
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- CSIR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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43
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Yu C, He J, Lan S, Guo W, Zhu M. Enhanced utilization efficiency of peroxymonosulfate via water vortex-driven piezo-activation for removing organic contaminants from water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 10:100165. [PMID: 36159730 PMCID: PMC9488086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficient activation and utilization of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in PMS-based advanced oxidation processes is a high-priority target for the removal of organic contaminants. This work introduces a water vortex-driven piezoelectric effect from few-odd-layered MoS2 into the PMS activation to remove benzotriazole (BTR) and other organic contaminants from the water. Approximately 91.1% of BTR can be removed by the MoS2 piezo-activated PMS process with a reaction rate constant of 0.428 min-1, which is 2.09 times faster than the sum of the individual MoS2, water vortex, and piezocatalysis rates. Meanwhile, the PMS utilization efficiency reached 0.0147 in the water vortex-driven piezo-activation system, which is 3.97 times that of the sum from the vortex/PMS and MoS2/PMS systems. These results demonstrate that the presence of MoS2 under a water vortex can trigger a piezoelectric potential and generate abundant free electrons to activate PMS to generate various active species for degradation of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Jie He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Shenyu Lan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Mingshan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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44
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Yu D, Pei Y, Ji Z, He X, Yao Z. A review on the landfill leachate treatment technologies and application prospects of three-dimensional electrode technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132895. [PMID: 34780739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the expansion of urbanisation, the total amount of solid waste produced by urban residents has been increasing, and the problem of municipal solid waste disposal has also been aggravated. Landfill leachate treatment technologies could be divided into three categories: biological, physical and advanced oxidation treatment technology. Among them, advanced oxidation treatment technology has a good effect on the treatment of landfill leachate with little secondary pollution and has excellent application potential. Three-dimensional (3D) electrode technology, as a new type of advanced oxidation technology, could remove refractory pollutants in water and has attracted considerable attention. This article aims to (1) compare existing landfill leachate treatment technologies, (2) summarise 3D electrode technology application scenarios, (3) discuss the advantages of 3D electrode technology in landfill leachate treatment and (4) look ahead the future directions of 3D electrode technology in landfill leachate treatment. We hope that this article will be helpful to researchers who are interested in the field of landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Yu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuansheng Pei
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zehua Ji
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xudan He
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Zhiliang Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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45
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Zhu L, Li M, Qi H, Sun Z. Using Fe-Cu/HGF composite cathodes for the degradation of Diuron by electro-activated peroxydisulfate. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132897. [PMID: 34780743 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An iron-copper graphite felt (Fe-Cu/HGF) electrode was successfully prepared by heat treatment and impregnation of graphite felt as the support followed by calcination, and an electro-activated peroxydisulfate (E-PDS) system with Fe-Cu/HGF as the cathode was constructed to degrade Diuron. This system synergistically activated PDS through electrochemical processes and transition metal catalysis. High-valence metal ions could be converted into low-valence metal ions by reduction at the cathode, and low-valence metal ions continuously activated PDS to generate more sulfate radicals (SO4-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH) to accelerate Diuron degradation. The Fe-Cu/HGF composite cathode exhibited a performance superior to graphite felt (RGF) obtained using pretreatment only, including increased hydrophilicity, significantly increased number of defect sites and larger electroactive surface area. Under optimized experimental degradation conditions, Diuron could be completely removed in 35 min, at which time copper ion leaching was not detected in the solution, while the total iron ion concentration was 0.27 mg L-1. Extending the reaction time to 6 h, the amount of total organic carbon was reduced to 32.2%. In addition, the free radicals that degraded Diuron were identified as mainly SO4- and OH with a slightly higher contribution of SO4-. The mechanism and pathways of Diuron degradation in the E-PDS system were determined. The E-PDS system was successfully applied to the degradation of other pollutants and the degradation of Diuron in different simulated water environments. In summary, the E-PDS system using Fe-Cu/HGF as the cathode is a promising treatment method for Diuron-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Mengya Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Haiqiang Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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46
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K S S, S M. Electrochemical treatment of two health-care wastewaters – A comparative study. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2041035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprasad K S
- Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Environmental Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University, JSSTI Campus, Mysuru, India
| | - Mahesh S
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Constituent College of JSS Science and Technology University, JSSTI Campus, Mysuru, India
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47
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Guo M, Lu M, Zhao H, Lin F, He F, Zhang J, Wang S, Dong P, Zhao C. Efficient electro-Fenton catalysis by self-supported CFP@CoFe 2O 4 electrode. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127033. [PMID: 34481397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the bimetallic iron oxide self-supported electrode was prepared by a simple solvothermal as well as thermal method. CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were grown in situ on the CFP surface and characterized to reveal the morphology, composition, and electrochemical properties of the electrode. Compared to CFP and CFP@Co-Fe, CFP@CoFe2O4 equipped more efficient mineralization current efficiency and lower energy consumption due to the improved electrocatalytic capacity of CoFe2O4 properly grown on the conductive substrate surface. Further studies showed that the manufactured electrode maintained a high level of stability after continuous operation. According to the free radical trapping experiment, EPR, and liquid mass spectrometry analysis, the rational reaction mechanism of p-nitrophenol was finally proposed, in which ·OH and SO4·- were considered as the main active oxidants. This work demonstrated the great potential of establishing an electro-Fenton system based on CoFe2O4 immobilized self-supporting cathode for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Mingjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Heng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Feifei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Fengting He
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Shuaijun Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Pei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
| | - Chaocheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, PR China.
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48
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Cooperation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and cobalt doped TiO2 to activate peroxymonosulfate for antipyrine photocatalytic degradation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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49
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Kong X, Dong R, King T, Chen F, Li H. Biodegradation Potential of Bacillus sp. PAH-2 on PAHs for Oil-Contaminated Seawater. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030687. [PMID: 35163953 PMCID: PMC8839208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial degradation is a useful tool for inhibiting or preventing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) widely distributed in marine environment after oil spill accidents. This study aimed to evaluate the potential and diversity of bacteria Bacillus sp. PAH-2 on Benzo (a) anthracene (BaA), Pyrene (Pyr), and Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), their composite system, aromatic components system, and crude oil. The seven-day degradation rates against BaA, Pyr, and BaP were 20.6%, 12.83%, and 17.49%, respectively. Further degradation study of aromatic components demonstrated PAH-2 had a high degradation rate of substances with poor stability of molecular structure. In addition, the degradation of PAHs in crude oil suggested PAH-2 not only made good use of PAHs in such a more complex structure of pollutants but the saturated hydrocarbons in the crude oil also showed a good application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Kong
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Ranran Dong
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (R.D.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Thomas King
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada;
| | - Feifei Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (R.D.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haoshuai Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (R.D.); (F.C.)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Correspondence:
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50
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Investigating the Electrocoagulation Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Iron/Graphite Electrodes: Process Parameters and Efficacy Assessment. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is a widely used method for treating leachate since it is cost effective and eco-friendly. In the present study, the electrocoagulation process was employed to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, and color from landfill leachate. At first, lime was used as a pretreatment, then the Fe/Gr and Ti/PbO2/steel electrodes were used, and the optimum electrode was selected. Afterwards, the effects of some variables, including pH, current density, temperature, the inter-electrode distance, and the type of electrolyte were investigated. Results showed that COD, NH4+, TSS, TDS, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, color, and pH of effluent pretreatment chemical reached 22,371, 385, 884, 21,820 (mg/L), 13.8 (ms/cm3), 1355 (NTU), 8500 (TCU) and 10, respectively (the removal efficiency was 0, 20.37, 32.4, 61.99, 59.18, and 56.6 percent). With the Fe/Gr electrode, the optimal condition was observed as follows: pH of 7.5, current density of 64 mA/cm2, inter-electrode distance was equal to 1.5 cm, temperature at 20 °C, and retention time 2–4 h. Overall, the electrocoagulation with the Fe/Gr electrode was a suitable technology for landfill leachate treatment due to its effectiveness for the removal of both COD and NH4+, with advantageous performance indicators.
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