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Russo LN, Arreola J, Montiel G, Torres G, Leal F, Guerra N, Borelli JL. Examining Interpersonal Traumas Across Low Income Latinx Mother-Youth Dyads: Associations Between Maternal Child Abuse Exposure and Racial Discrimination with Mother and Youth Psychopathology. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:1176-1189. [PMID: 36534303 PMCID: PMC11362375 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01483-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse has intergenerational consequences for psychopathology, however, there remains a paucity of research regarding how these experiences affect Latinx families, particularly those at risk for additional negative life events, such as racial discrimination. This study aims to contribute to this gap in the literature by examining the impact maternal child abuse exposure has on youth and maternal psychopathology, as well as whether these associations are moderated by racial discrimination, in a sample of 224 Latinx mother-youth dyads. Hierarchical regressions revealed small but significant maternal child abuse exposure x racial discrimination interactions for youth depression and anxiety, but not maternal depression or anxiety, which were solely positively associated with maternal child abuse exposure. Findings highlight the multifarious, and at times convergent, nature of trauma and oppression among Latinx families, as well as the impact across generations. Future work is needed to further elucidate developmental pathways of intergenerational trauma in understudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyric N Russo
- University of California, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, 92697, Irvine, CA, United States.
| | - Jose Arreola
- University of California, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, 92697, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Gina Torres
- Latino Health Access, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | | | - Nancy Guerra
- University of California, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, 92697, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L Borelli
- University of California, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, 92697, Irvine, CA, United States.
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2
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Nimphy CA, Kullberg MLJ, Pittner K, Buisman R, van den Berg L, Alink L, Bakermans-Kranenburg M, Elzinga BM, Tollenaar M. The Role of Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation in the Intergenerational Transmission of Childhood Abuse: A Family Study. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024:10775595231223657. [PMID: 38299462 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231223657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that parents with a history of childhood abuse are at increased risk of perpetrating child abuse. To break the cycle of childhood abuse we need to better understand the mechanisms that play a role. In a cross-sectional extended family design including three generations (N = 250, 59% female), we examined the possible mediating role of parental psychopathology and emotion regulation in the association between a history of childhood abuse and perpetrating child abuse. Parents' own history of childhood abuse was associated with perpetrating abuse toward their children, and externalizing (but not internalizing) problems partially mediated this association statistically. Implicit and explicit emotion regulation were not associated with experienced or perpetrated abuse. Findings did not differ across fathers and mothers. Findings underline the importance of (early) treatment of externalizing problems in parents with a history of childhood abuse, to possibly prevent the transmission of child abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima A Nimphy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Louise J Kullberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Pittner
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renate Buisman
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lenneke Alink
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg
- William James Center for Research, ISPA -University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Personality, Social and Developmental Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Tollenaar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
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Lee AT, Chin P, Nambiar A, Hill Haskins N. Addressing intergenerational trauma in Black families: Trauma-informed socioculturally attuned family therapy. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023; 49:447-462. [PMID: 36682070 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased attention to the prevalence and impact of traumatic experiences have been highlighted within the mental health field since Felitti et al.'s study of adverse childhood experiences. Black communities experience traumatic events at a higher rate than other racial groups. The phenomena of historical trauma, race-based trauma, and intergenerational trauma have been speculated to be reasons for this discrepancy. In this article, the authors explore factors that compound the traumatic experiences of Black communities, review socioculturally attuned family therapy and trauma-informed care, and propose an approach to addressing intergenerational trauma in Black families that integrates socioculturally attuned family therapy and trauma-informed care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiesha T Lee
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philippa Chin
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor Education, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Aishwarya Nambiar
- Department of School Psychology and Counselor Education, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Natoya Hill Haskins
- Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Pre-service factors associated with sexual misconduct among male U.S. Marines. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278640. [PMID: 36490284 PMCID: PMC9733839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sexual assault is a prevalent and persistent problem in the military, yet few studies have examined predictors of sexual offenses. The study aim was to determine pre-service factors associated with sexual offense conviction among U.S. Marines. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from male active duty U.S. Marines (2003-2018). Pre-service factors were assessed using survey data from the Recruit Assessment Program, obtained prior to recruit training at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California. These survey data were linked with sexual offense conviction data obtained from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service Consolidated Law Enforcement Operations Center. RESULTS Of the 146,307 participants, the majority were 18-19 years old (66.7%) and non-Hispanic, White (62.1%) with a high school education or less (76.8%); 107 received convictions for a sexual offense. In unadjusted analyses, race and ethnicity, parental education, type of primary caregiver, parental death, family economic status, childhood emotional trauma, childhood physical abuse, childhood sexual abuse, and unprotected sex were associated with a sexual offense conviction. In the final multivariable model, race and ethnicity (American Indian/Alaskan Native, odds ratio [OR]: 5.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86-14.98; Hispanic, OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.06-3.18; multiracial/other, OR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.56-6.89), education (≤ high school, OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.21-5.80), parental death (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.16-4.45), unprotected sex (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03-3.05), and school suspension/expulsion (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.02-2.65) were significant predictors of a subsequent sexual offense conviction. CONCLUSIONS Results underscore the importance of understanding factors associated with sexual offense and highlight the large discrepancy between self-reported estimates of sexual assault and sexual offense convictions. Findings may inform the development of effective strategies to reduce sexual misconduct, such as technology-facilitated programs that provide private, targeted education; supportive assistance; and prevention materials to individuals who may have elevated sexual misconduct risk.
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Velloza J, Davies LD, Ensminger AL, Theofelus FM, Andjamba H, Kamuingona R, Masseti G, Coomer R, Forster N, O’Malley G. Cycles of Violence Among Young Women in Namibia: Exploring the Links Between Childhood Violence and Adult Intimate Partner Violence From the Violence Against Children and Youth Survey. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22992-NP23014. [PMID: 35156448 PMCID: PMC9661872 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211073107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Violence against children is a global public health crisis and is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. Childhood violence may also increase the risk of subsequent violence revictimization by an intimate partner. We aimed to understand cycles of violence among adolescent girls and young women in Namibia to inform violence prevention and treatment interventions. Methods: The 2019 Namibia Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) examined the prevalence of childhood violence and intimate partner violence among 18-24 year old adolescent girls and young women (N = 2434). Using the data, we assessed the prevalence of childhood violence, defined as any physical, sexual, or emotional violence victimization prior to age 18, and estimated the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) after age 18. We used a weighted logistic regression to assess whether childhood violence exposure was associated with subsequent experience of IPV after age 18. Results: Adolescent girls and young women in Namibia had a statistically significant higher odds of experiencing IPV if they had experienced any childhood violence including physical, sexual, and/or emotional violence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.93; 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI: 1.64-5.23). IPV was also significantly associated with childhood physical (aOR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07-3.05), sexual (aOR: 3.79; 95% CI: 2.54-5.67), or emotional (aOR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.18-4.86) violence when each were considered separately. We also observed a dose-response relationship between the number of types of childhood violence and IPV experience as a young adult. Conclusions: Childhood violence is a significant predictor of subsequent violence revictimization by an intimate partner. This analysis provides unique insights on cycles of violence among adolescent girls and young women in Namibia and points to the need for interventions during childhood to prevent violence against children and break this cycle among young women in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Velloza
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Luke D. Davies
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alison L. Ensminger
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Helena Andjamba
- Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare, Government of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Rahimisa Kamuingona
- Ministry of Gender Equality and Child Welfare, Government of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Greta Masseti
- Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rachel Coomer
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Norbert Forster
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Gabrielle O’Malley
- University of Washington, Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Training and Education Center for Health (I-TECH), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chen H, Zhou H, Zhang M, Chen C, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Childhood emotional abuse and motor impulsiveness among male violent inmates with antisocial personality disorder. Personal Ment Health 2022; 16:350-360. [PMID: 35768849 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship among childhood maltreatment, impulsiveness and antisocial personality through a questionnaire survey of violent male inmates. We found that the scores of inmates with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) in Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-28 item Short Form (CTQ-SF) and Barratt Impulsive Scale-11 (BIS-11) were higher than those in the Non-Antisocial personality group, and there was a significant correlation between the scores of CTQ-SF and BIS-11. We found that the interaction between impulsivity and childhood abuse predicts ASPD levels. Moreover, motor and non-planning impulsiveness played important roles in the observed differences in antisocial personality scores among the inmates who had experienced childhood maltreatment; motor impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, while non-planning impulsiveness was mainly related to emotional neglect and physical neglect. These findings suggest that identifying and providing timely intervention for inmates with high impulsiveness who experienced maltreatment in childhood may also contribute to the prevention of violent behavior and to better prison management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huabin Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Baniamin HM. Variations in the Acceptance of Parental Corporal Punishment of Children: What Matters? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP18006-NP18031. [PMID: 34330181 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211035856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article tries to identify people's degree of acceptance of parental corporal punishment (CP) of children and the nature of the association of different variables, particularly the value variables with such acceptance. For this purpose, the study uses data from the World Values Survey 6 (2010-2014), which is a large survey of attitudes based on representative samples from 60 different countries (around 1,200 respondents from each). This study tested five hypotheses and two subhypotheses on individuals' acceptance of parental CP: effects of emancipative values (aspiration to autonomy and freedom), nonmasculine values, religiousness, people's dissatisfaction with life in general, and more specifically, dissatisfaction with financial and health conditions and national bans on CP. The findings show that the higher level presence of emancipative values and nonmasculine values are associated with lower support for CP. The study also finds that a number of sociodemographic variables affect the endorsement of CP; on the one hand, people with higher age and lower social classes (subjective) tend to express less support for CP, whereas on the other, people with no partners (divorced/separated/widowed/single) and men tend to express higher support for the use of parental CP. The identification of these associations can help us to develop more effective policies to address the problem of CP.
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Messina NP, Calhoun S. An Experimental Study of a Peer-Facilitated Violence Prevention Program for Women in Prison. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP16130-NP16156. [PMID: 34157878 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211022063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The literature has shown a strong correlation between victimization and violence. As the majority of treatment programs for violence and the associated research have been focused on men, it is vital that services are also oriented to the needs of women who perpetrate violence. Beyond Violence (BV) was developed to fill the gap in violence prevention programming for justice-involved women with histories of violence victimization and perpetration. This randomized controlled trial reports the results of a peer-facilitated model of the BV program implemented in a women's prison. Women volunteered for the intervention and the study. Participants were randomized to either the 20-session BV condition or to a waitlist control (WC) condition. All 145 participants were asked to complete a preintervention (Time 1) and postintervention (Time 2) survey that included validated measures to assess for depression, anxiety, PTSD, anger/aggression, and emotional dysregulation. Preliminary analyses of the background characteristics and preintervention outcome scores showed no significant differences between the groups at Time 1, indicating that randomization was successful. Separate ANCOVAs were run for 13 outcomes measured using the pretest scores from study participants as the covariate and group assignment as the independent variable. Hypotheses were predominantly supported, and findings showed that the BV participants had significant reductions in the majority of the outcome measures at the postintervention assessment when compared to the WC participants. Future research should continue to explore the advantages of peer-facilitated program models and should incorporate postrelease outcomes to assess change over time.
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9
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Harris CE, Allbaugh LJ, Kaslow NJ. Childhood Physical Abuse and Antisocial Traits: Mediating Role of Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Clusters. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:249-259. [PMID: 35600521 PMCID: PMC9120298 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-021-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are associated with both childhood physical abuse (CPA) and antisocial (AS) traits, yet their potential as mediators of the CPA-AS traits link is understudied and the specific roles of individual symptom clusters in this relation is unknown. The current study aimed to examine the mediational role of PTSS in the relation between CPA and AS traits in a sample of low-income African American women with histories of intimate partner violence (IPV). It was hypothesized that avoidance would emerge as a significant mediator, whereas reexperiencing, numbing, and hyperarousal would not. Participants (N = 150) were recruited from a level-1 trauma public hospital and evaluated as part of a randomized controlled trial of a group therapy intervention for low-income, African American women suicide attempters with histories of IPV. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS), and International Personality Disorder Examination-Screening Questionnaire (IPDE-SQ) were used to measure variables of interest. Using bootstrapping analyses, a parallel mediation model compared PTSS clusters as potential mediators of the CPA-AS traits relation, controlling for IPV. When reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal were entered simultaneously as potential mediators, only avoidance emerged as a significant mediator of the CPA-AS traits link. Avoidance symptoms may play a unique role in the link between early experiences of CPA and later AS traits among multiply traumatized African American women. Findings have implications for understanding AS traits in the context of early life trauma and suggest that targeting specific PTSS clusters (e.g., avoidance) may improve treatment outcomes for women in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. Harris
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524 W. 59th Street, New York, NY 10019 USA
| | | | - Nadine J. Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
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Condino V, Giovanardi G, Vagni M, Lingiardi V, Pajardi D, Colli A. Attachment, Trauma, and Mentalization in Intimate Partner Violence: A Preliminary Investigation. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP9249-NP9276. [PMID: 35610949 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520980383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been examined from a range of theoretical perspectives, including attachment theory, with the aim of assessing psychosocial risk factors. Previous research has shown that a child's exposure to violence in the family is a major predictor of IPV victimization later in life. Furthermore, research on abused and traumatized adult samples has shown high frequencies of unresolved/disorganized attachment styles. In particular, disorganized attachment is associated with major problems of affect regulation and deficits in mentalizing ability. The present research had three aims: (a) to assess the childhood traumatic experiences of female victims of IPV; (b) to investigate and identify the attachment patterns of female victims of IPV; and (c) to examine reflective functioning and prementalistic modes in female victims of IPV, in relation to attachment and trauma. A sample of 31 women, recruited through anti-violence centers, were administered the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. The Complex Trauma Questionnaire and the Reflective Functioning Scale (RFS) were also applied to the AAI transcripts. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Coding was conducted by two trained coders and certified as reliable for the AAI and RFS. Clinicians completed the Modes of Mentalization Scale (MMS) to assess participants' mentalization style. The data showed a high percentage of women with insecure attachment and lower reflective functioning. The results are discussed in terms of their clinical and theoretical implications-particularly their application to psycho-forensics, through the development of preventive programs and interventions for IPV. Efforts to understand the etiology of IPV and to intervene to prevent recidivism are fundamental in reducing this public health threat.
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11
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Distinct paths to alcohol problems: Impacts of childhood maltreatment, attachment insecurity, and interpersonal problems. Addict Behav 2021; 115:106780. [PMID: 33387974 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment is a strong risk factor for increased alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. One possible explanation for these associations is the influence of dysfunctional attachment styles and interpersonal problems in adulthood. Individuals who have experienced childhood maltreatment are likely to develop maladaptive interpersonal styles due to insecure attachment. Maladaptive interpersonal styles may increase emotional distress, which in turn, can make these individuals vulnerable to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Using data from 508 undergraduate students, this study examined the associations between three types of childhood maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, punishment that included physical abuse, and a negative home atmosphere that included neglect), alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems via insecure attachment and interpersonal problems. The results showed that punishment predicted alcohol problems via avoidant attachment and selfish interpersonal style. Sexual abuse and negative home atmosphere predicted alcohol consumption through anxious attachment and selfless interpersonal style. In addition, sexual abuse directly predicted alcohol problems. These findings provide new insights for the field of childhood maltreatment and addiction literature.
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12
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Liu N, Cao Y, Qiao H, Ma H, Li J, Luo X, Li CSR, Zhang Y, Zhang N. Traumatic Experiences and PTSD Symptoms in the Chinese Male Intrafamilial Physical Violence Perpetrators: A Comparative and Structural Equation Modeling Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:2841-2861. [PMID: 29562817 PMCID: PMC7480215 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518764103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to compare traumatic experiences among the groups of perpetrators with or without violent pedigree, and establish a structural model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as mediators of traumatic experiences and severe intrafamilial physical violence among Chinese male perpetrators. A cross-sectional survey and a face-to-face interview were conducted to examine intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and violent pedigree, childhood maltreatment, other traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and severe intrafamilial physical violence in a community sample of 229 abusive men and 303 controlled men in China. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, the scores of the questionnaires were entered into the theoretical model and calculated. Findings demonstrated that the numbers of the traumatic events in four groups were significantly different with a declining trend, and the SEM data had an adequate fit. The loadings of pathways from childhood witness domestic violence (DV) to severe physical violence (SPV) were more salience than other pathways, and the indirect effect of every pathway, except for the childhood witness DV to PTSD symptoms, on severe intrafamilial physical violence in the model was significant. The results suggest that PTSD symptoms cluster as mediator of the intergenerational transmission of SPV perpetration in Chinese abusive men. Childhood witness IPV has effects on adulthood perpetration of IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Huifen Qiao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ma
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jijun Li
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-shan Ray Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
- Nanjing Neuropsychiatric Institute; Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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13
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Green K, Browne K. Personality Disorder Traits, Trauma, and Risk in Perpetrators of Domestic Violence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2020; 64:147-166. [PMID: 30735071 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19826516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crimes committed against partners and family members have devastating effects on victims. Unfortunately, recidivism rates for offenders are high, and there is a need to establish risk factors that may be potential treatment targets. This study aimed to investigate childhood maltreatment, symptoms of trauma, and personality disorder (PD) traits in males convicted of domestic violence (DV) offences. Data were extracted from the files of 40 males under the supervision of the probation service in the United Kingdom. Actual return to custody was recorded after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Self-reported childhood maltreatment was associated with increases in PD traits, posttraumatic symptoms, and assessed risk. However, maltreatment did not predict return to custody. Tension-reducing behaviours and depressive symptoms predicted return to custody as did antisocial PD. These preliminary findings highlight important areas of future research, in particular, factors which may be relevant treatment targets in reducing the risk of recidivism.
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14
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Font S, Cancian M, Berger LM, DiGiovanni A. Patterns of intergenerational child protective services involvement. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 99:104247. [PMID: 31715518 PMCID: PMC6984680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research on Child Protective Services (CPS) involvement among at-risk youth focuses on their roles as parents perpetrating maltreatment against biological offspring. Given family complexity and assortative partnering, measuring all CPS involvement - as perpetrators and non-offending parents of victims - provides new insight into intergenerational maltreatment patterns. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to investigate the risk of multiple forms of parent or perpetrator CPS involvement (PP-CPS) by age 25, among those exposed to three forms of adversity in their late teens (at ages 14-17): alleged victim on a CPS investigation, out-of-home care (OHC), and poverty. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We used a sample of 36,475 individuals born in 1990-1991 from the Wisconsin Data Core longitudinal administrative database, and tracked their involvement in CPS, OHC, and the food assistance program (SNAP) over time. Our sample consisted of individuals who, at ages 14-17, met one of the following criteria: were in OHC; had CPS involvement as a victim but no OHC (CPSV group), or received food assistance without CPSV or OHC (SNAP group). METHODS Using logistic regression, we modeled four forms of PP-CPS involvement: parent-perpetrator, resident parent non-perpetrator, nonresident parent non-perpetrator, and non-biological parent-perpetrator. RESULTS Predicted risks of any PP-CPS involvement by age 25 were 10 % (SNAP group), 17-22 % (CPSV group), and 26-33 % (OHC group); among OHC youth known to have a biological child, rates exceeded 40 %. The proportion of CPS involvement that involved parent-perpetration varied substantially by sex and adversity type. CONCLUSIONS Focusing only on intergenerational maltreatment in which the parents are the perpetrators may substantially understate the risk of maltreatment recurring across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Font
- Department of Sociology and Criminology/Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, Pennsylvania State University, United States.
| | - Maria Cancian
- School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, United States
| | - Lawrence M Berger
- School of Social Work and Institute for Research on Poverty, , University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Anna DiGiovanni
- Department of Sociology and Criminology and Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, Pennsylvania State University, United States
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Gilbar O, Dekel R, Hyland P, Cloitre M. The role of complex posttraumatic stress symptoms in the association between exposure to traumatic events and severity of intimate partner violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104174. [PMID: 31563703 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of both posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) have been suggested to play a role in the association between an individual's childhood physical abuse and neglect and his/her perpetration of IPV in adulthood; however, the two have yet to be studied in one model. Thus, we aimed to examine the interrelations among childhood exposure to violence and physical neglect, exposure to trauma across one's lifetime, ICD-11 CPTSD symptoms (i.e., PTSD and DSO), and IPV severity. METHODS Participants were 234 men drawn randomly from a national sample of 1600 mandated men receiving treatment for domestic violence in Israel. They completed measures of potentially traumatic exposure, symptoms of CPTSD, child abuse and neglect, and IPV. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine possible direct and indirect effects of the study variables. RESULTS Results confirmed the indirect role of CPTSD symptoms in the association between the following types of traumatic exposure - childhood exposure to violence (B = .03, β = .05, SE = .01, p = .05, CI 90% [.041, .143]), childhood exposure to physical neglect (B = .04, β = .04, SE = .02, p < .01, CI 90% [.014, .092]), and lifetime exposure to potentially traumatic events, or PTEs (B = .04, β = .09, SE = .01, p < .001, CI 90% [.006, .074]) - and the perpetration of psychological IPV as an adult. No significant results were found in relation to the perpetration of physical IPV. CONCLUSIONS The current cross-sectional study findings suggest a preliminary direction regarding the possible direct and indirect effects of ICD-11CPTSD on the severity of IPV psychological perpetration. The clinical implications include the need to focus on both PTSD and DSO symptoms in order to help reduce these potential risk factors for psychological IPV perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gilbar
- Boston University, National Center for PTSD, VA Medical Center, Boston, USA; The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Rachel Dekel
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Philip Hyland
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Both LM, Favaretto TC, Freitas LHM. Cycle of violence in women victims of domestic violence: Qualitative analysis of OPD 2 interview. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01430. [PMID: 31588692 PMCID: PMC6851812 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Domestic violence places woman as the victim and man as the aggressor in the family environment. There is limited consistent and clear information based on empirical evidence on the dynamic functioning of the victims. OBJECTIVE To further understand the psychodynamics of women in the cycle of violence taking into account the aspects of psychological trauma. It is transversal research design. The sample was composed of ten women victim of domestic violence. Data collection was based on the OPD-2 Clinical Interview. Content analysis was performed from categories created by a posteriori: (a) Previous history; (b) Behavioral aspects; (c) Emotional aspects; (d) Reason for being in the relationship; (e) Type of violence and explanation for the reason of violence; (f) Support network and daily activities; and (g) Clinical and legal referral. RESULTS Constant violence causes changes in the structural functioning and psychological conflict of the victims: difficulties in mentalization, instability in relationships, emotional dependence, abandonment of her own life for her partners, difficulty in having a sense of identity. Victims presented difficulties in making significant changes in daily life to break the cycle of violence. CONCLUSION The research sought to collaborate with more evidence on the subject, suggesting a reformulation on forms of encounter to break the cycle of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Maria Both
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - CAPES Scholarship, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Helena Machado Freitas
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Psychiatry Service of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Center of Treatment and Studies of Psychic Trauma, Psychiatric Service of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Villas Boas AC, Dessen MA. TRANSMISSÃO INTERGERACIONAL DA VIOLÊNCIA FÍSICA CONTRA A CRIANÇA: UM RELATO DE MÃES. PSICOLOGIA EM ESTUDO 2019. [DOI: 10.4025/psicolestud.v24i0.42647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A transgeracionalidade da violência representa importante campo de pesquisa para a compreensão e a prevenção da violência física contra a criança, pois constitui importante fator para a manutenção de padrões de abuso na família. Porém, os mecanismos responsáveis por essa transmissão ainda não estão plenamente esclarecidos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a experiência e a percepção de mães com e sem histórico de violência física contra seus filhos quanto às práticas de seus cuidadores na família de origem e suas práticas na família atual. Participaram da pesquisa 12 mães com filhos entre 7 e 12 anos, subdivididas em três grupos, conforme o histórico de violência física, que responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e a uma entrevista semiestruturada. As participantes dos três grupos apontaram mais diferenças do que semelhanças entre sua família de origem e a atual, sobretudo porque não querem para os filhos o mesmo sofrimento que viveram. Os resultados indicam, também, que a presença de uma figura de apoio e a percepção negativa quanto às próprias experiências da infância podem contribuir para a mudança de práticas adotadas com seus filhos. Por outro lado, as mães que percebem a experiência de violência física como menos grave podem ter mais chances de reproduzir essas práticas. As implicações para programas de intervenção direcionados a famílias com histórico de violência física contra os filhos são discutidas e ressalta-se a necessidade de estimular pesquisas que investiguem os fatores e os mecanismos relacionados ao gênero, visando a melhor compreensão deste fenômeno.
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The intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment: Nonspecificity of maltreatment type and associations with borderline personality pathology. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1157-1171. [DOI: 10.1017/s095457941900066x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOne generation's experience of childhood maltreatment is associated with that of the next. However, whether this intergenerational transmission is specific to distinct forms of maltreatment and what factors may contribute to its continuity remains unclear. Borderline personality pathology is predicted by childhood maltreatment and characterized by features (e.g., dysregulated emotion, relationship instability, impulsivity, and inconsistent appraisals of others) that may contribute to its propagation. Among 364 older adults and 573 of their adult children (total n = 937), self-reported exposure to distinct forms of childhood maltreatment (i.e., emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) showed homotypic and heterotypic associations across generations with little evidence that latent factors unique to specific forms of maltreatment show generational continuity. General nonspecific indices of childhood maltreatment showed evidence of intergenerational transmission after accounting for demographic factors and parent socioeconomic status (b = 0.126, p = 9.21 × 10−4). This continuity was partially mediated by parental borderline personality pathology (assessed longitudinally through a variety of measures and sources, indirect effect: b = 0.031, 95% confidence interval [0.003, 0.060]). The intergenerational continuity of childhood maltreatment may largely represent general risk for nonspecific maltreatment that may, in part, be propagated by borderline personality pathology and/or shared risk factors.
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Hicks LM, Dayton CJ. Mindfulness and trauma symptoms predict child abuse potential in risk-exposed, men and women during pregnancy. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 90:43-51. [PMID: 30738238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly a third of adults report childhood trauma in their youth and approximately 700,000 cases of child maltreatment were reported in 2016. Both history of childhood trauma and current trauma symptoms in adults are linked to child maltreatment, although many trauma-exposed individuals are warm and nurturing parents. Identifying resiliency factors in adults with risk factors for harsh parenting may illuminate new pathways to sensitive parenting. Mindfulness is reported to improve trauma and mental health symptoms but the relationship between mindfulness, trauma, and child abuse potential is not yet understood. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between mindfulness, childhood trauma experiences, trauma symptoms and child abuse potential. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Our participants were 102 expectant parents recruiting from obstetric clinics and agencies Detroit, MI (58.8% African American, 27.5% Caucasian). METHOD Bivariate correlations were examined using validated, self-report questionnaires. Significant variables were included in a hierarchical linear regression to identify predicting factors that contribute to child abuse potential scores. RESULTS Significant correlations between child abuse potential with current trauma symptoms (r = .53, p < .01) and mindfulness (r = -.32, p < .01) were found, but no link with past childhood trauma experiences and child abuse potential were identified. The model significantly predicts child abuse potential (ΔR2 = .10, F(5, 96), = 12.48, p < .001). Trauma symptoms (B = .09, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI][-.40, -.07]) and mindfulness nonreactivity (B = -.24, p < .01, 95% CI[.05, .14]) predicted higher potential for child abuse scores. CONCLUSION Findings suggest increased mindfulness, especially nonreactivity to one's own thoughts, may be an important factor to protect against child abuse potential. Interventions to increase parental mindfulness may reduce child abuse potential and improve child well-being, but further mechanistic research is needed to determine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Hicks
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 5447 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Carolyn J Dayton
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 5447 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Anderson RE, Edwards LJ, Silver KE, Johnson DM. Intergenerational transmission of child abuse: Predictors of child abuse potential among racially diverse women residing in domestic violence shelters. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 85:80-90. [PMID: 30170920 PMCID: PMC6214774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Parental risk for perpetrating child abuse is frequently associated with intergenerational patterns of abuse: being abused increases the risk for future abuse. Yet, the mechanisms of intergenerational abuse are unclear, and the risk factors for perpetrating child abuse are interrelated. Research suggests that history of childhood abuse, psychiatric distress, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) are all related risk factors for perpetrating child abuse. We investigated these three risk factors using the developmental psychopathology framework in a racially diverse sample of high-risk women: women residing in domestic violence shelters. 211 mothers residing in domestic violence shelters completed measures of their own childhood abuse (defined narrowly in a 10-item self-report survey), exposure to and severity of IPV victimization, and structured interviews to diagnose psychiatric disorders. We utilized a hierarchical regression model to predict child abuse potential, accounting for risk factors in blocks roughly representing theorized temporal relationships: childhood abuse followed by psychiatric diagnoses, and then recency of exposure to IPV. Consistent with hypotheses, the strongest predictor of current child abuse potential was the psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD. Mediation tests further explicated that the relationship between maternal history of childhood sexual abuse and current potential for perpetrating child abuse is mediated by IPV-related PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that IPV-related PTSD symptoms, rather than exposure to abuse (i.e., childhood abuse or IPV), is most strongly associated with child abuse potential in recent IPV survivors. Interventions which can ameliorate maternal psychopathology and provide resources are recommended for these vulnerable families.
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Affiliation(s)
- RaeAnn E Anderson
- Kent State University, Psychological Sciences, 144 Kent Hall, Kent, OH, 44242, United States; University of North Dakota, Psychology, 2000 Columbia Hall, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, United States.
| | | | - Kristin E Silver
- University of Akron, Department of Psychology, Akron, OH, 44325-4301, United States
| | - Dawn M Johnson
- University of Akron, Department of Psychology, Akron, OH, 44325-4301, United States
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Rodriguez CM, Silvia PJ, Gonzalez S, Christl ME. Disentangling the Cycle: Potential Mediators and Moderators in the Intergenerational Transmission of Parent-Child Aggression. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2018; 23:254-268. [PMID: 29682976 PMCID: PMC6734552 DOI: 10.1177/1077559518767571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although a cycle of harsh and abusive parenting has been recognized for decades, this cycle is not inevitable. Indeed, the mechanisms underlying such patterns, and the resources parents may access to disrupt this cycle, require further study. Research investigating those processes has either relied on cross-sectional designs or largely assessed mediators or moderators at one time point. The current investigation of parent-child aggression (PCA) risk utilized a longitudinal design to consider possible mediators and moderators across three time points. Mothers and fathers reported on their personal history of physical and psychological abuse during the last trimester of the mother's pregnancy; their PCA risk was assessed concurrently when their child was 6 months and when their child was 18 months. Current findings support several mediators for mothers, although fewer for fathers, prenatally, but mediation was not observed across time. Similarly, several moderators of the effect of personal history of physical and psychological aggression on PCA risk were identified prenatally but not across time. Thus, several qualities believed to account for, or mitigate, the intergenerational transmission of PCA may not be consistent-underscoring the continued need to identify factors that account for the cyclical process versus what may interrupt intergenerational transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J. Silvia
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Samantha Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Making the hidden seen: A narrative analysis of the experiences of Assumption of Care at birth. Women Birth 2018; 32:e1-e11. [PMID: 29716826 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being involved in any child protection system is complex and multifaceted and none more so than in non-voluntary Assumption of Care which occurs in New South Wales when, for child protection concerns, the Department of Family and Community Services removes a newborn baby from her/his mother. OBJECTIVE This research studied childbearing women's and professionals' experiences of Assumption of Care at birth to increase understanding of individual participants' stories, how they made sense of meanings and how these experiences framed their lives. METHOD A narrative inquiry framework guided interviews with four groups: childbearing women, midwives, social workers and Family and Community Services case managers. Holistic form was used for reading, interpreting and analysing the narratives. FINDINGS This research found unwanted emotional (isolation, shame, guilt, loss, disenfranchised grief) and physical consequences (depression, substance abuse complications) for women experiencing an Assumption of Care at the time of birth. There were also conflicting ethical and moral positions for the professionals involved. The use/abuse of power, concealment of facts and disenfranchised grief were identified as intertwined plots that caused or increased tensions. DISCUSSION Both the women and the professionals felt pressure from trying to achieve competing and overlapping roles. The unwanted effects of Assumption of Care are exacerbated by the current child protection and maternity care systems. CONCLUSION To address the tensions raised in this study, we suggest a two-fold change to maternity care for women at risk of an Assumption of Care: a therapeutic justice model of maternity care and continuity of midwifery care with a dedicated midwife. Introducing these changes could increase women's and children's safety and wellbeing.
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Cross D, Vance LA, Kim YJ, Ruchard AL, Fox N, Jovanovic T, Bradley B. Trauma exposure, PTSD, and parenting in a community sample of low-income, predominantly African American mothers and children. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA : THEORY, RESEARCH, PRACTICE AND POLICY 2018; 10:327-335. [PMID: 28481561 PMCID: PMC5677577 DOI: 10.1037/tra0000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with problematic parenting and incidence of trauma and PTSD in children of affected parents. In communities impacted by frequent trauma, parenting may be particularly important to children's PTSD risk. The authors examined relationships among maternal and child trauma and mental health, as well as problematic parenting. METHOD The authors recruited 112 mother-child dyads (50 girls, 62 boys; ages 8-12 years old) from a community sample of low-income, primarily African American families. They examined rates of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in mothers and children, the association of maternal trauma and PTSD with self-reported child abuse potential and parenting stress (i.e., parental distress, dysfunctional parent-child interactions, and perceived child difficulty), and the impact of maternal trauma, PTSD, and parenting on child trauma and PTSD. RESULTS Rates of trauma and PTSD symptoms were relatively high for mothers and children and included community and family violence. Maternal trauma and PTSD predicted child abuse potential, but only maternal PTSD predicted parental distress. Neither maternal trauma nor PTSD predicted parent-reported dysfunctional parent-child interactions or child difficulty. Maternal child abuse potential and child self-reported trauma, but not maternal trauma or PTSD, significantly predicted child self-reported PTSD. Parenting stress was not associated with child PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Trauma and PTSD in parents may impact parental distress and child abuse potential, potentially increasing children's risk for not only the experience of child abuse, but also PTSD. Child and family interventions should consider child and parental trauma and PTSD as important factors to address. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthie Cross
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University
| | - L. Alexander Vance
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Andrew L. Ruchard
- Department of Teaching and Learning Services, University of Denver Morgridge College of Education
| | - Nathan Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Atlanta VA Medical Center
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Santini PM, Williams LCA. A randomized controlled trial of an intervention program to Brazilian mothers who use corporal punishment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 71:80-91. [PMID: 28506540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated a positive parenting program to Brazilian mothers who used corporal punishment with their children. The intervention was conducted in four agencies serving vulnerable children, and at a home replica laboratory at the University. Mothers who admitted using corporal punishment were randomly assigned between experimental (n=20) and control group (n=20). The program consisted of 12 individual sessions using one unit from Projeto Parceria (Partnership Project), with specific guidelines and materials on positive parenting, followed by observational sessions of mother-child interaction with live coaching and a video feedback session in the lab. The study used an equivalent group experimental design with pre/post-test and follow-up, in randomized controlled trials. Measures involved: Initial Interview; Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) - parent and child versions; Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); observational sessions with a protocol; and a Program Evaluation by participants. Analysis of mixed models for repeated measures revealed significant positive effects on the BDI and SDQ total scores, as well as less Conduct problems and Hyperactivity in SDQ measures from the experimental group mothers, comparing pre with post-test. Observational data also indicated significant improvement in positive interaction from the experimental group mothers at post-test, in comparison with controls. No significant results were found, however, in children's observational measures. Limitations of the study involved using a restricted sample, among others. Implications for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolla Magioni Santini
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (Federal University of São Carlos), Department of Psychology, Laprev (The Laboratory for Violence Analysis & Prevention), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235 - SP-310, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucia C A Williams
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (Federal University of São Carlos), Department of Psychology, Laprev (The Laboratory for Violence Analysis & Prevention), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235 - SP-310, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Garbin CAS, Bordin D, Fadel CB, Garbin AJÍ, Saliba NA. A RUPTURA SOCIAL INFANTOJUVENIL E SUA INFERÊNCIA NAS REPRESENTAÇÕES DE CONSELHEIROS TUTELARES. TRABALHO, EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-7746-sol00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo qualitativo introduz o tema das representações de conselheiros tutelares com o objetivo de ampliar a compreensão do universo desses atores sociais e conhecer as suas implicações sobre a dinâmica do seu processo de trabalho. O estudo foi realizado no município de Coronel Vivida, Paraná, no ano de 2013. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado questionário semiestruturado e entrevista informal, e o material foi tratado pela técnica de análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados mostram que as percepções dos conselheiros tutelares transcorreram pelo reconhecimento de alguns aspectos terminantes e inerentes à sua práxis, como a impotência diante dos perturbadores cenários sociais a que são expostos, adjudicada à restrição do alcance de sua atuação vinculada a entraves estruturais das redes vigentes de proteção social e à baixa adesão da população ao seu processo de trabalho. Evidenciam também uma satisfação arraigada nos desdobramentos laborais concluídos e naqueles que inferem positivamente sobre a violência infanto-juvenil. Esse contentamento, por sua vez, é considerado combustível para o desenvolvimento de suas competências profissionais. As considerações apreendidas no presente estudo ratificam a presença de gradações relevantes, inerentes ao processo relacional do conselheiro tutelar em seu ambiente de trabalho, corroborando o reconhecimento de parâmetros norteadores da relação intersubjetiva conselheiro tutelar e práxis social.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle Bordin
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brasil
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Miragoli S, Camisasca E, Di Blasio P, Milani L, Ionio C, Gizzi N, Cammarella A, Togliatti MM. Child abuse potential inventory in Italy: A comparative study of abusive and nonabusive parents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15379418.2016.1250145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Miragoli
- C.R.I.d.e.e., Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Camisasca
- C.R.I.d.e.e., Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- e-Campus University, Novedrate, Colorado, USA
| | - Paola Di Blasio
- C.R.I.d.e.e., Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Milani
- C.R.I.d.e.e., Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ionio
- C.R.I.d.e.e., Psychology Department, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Gizzi
- Centro Provinciale G. Fregosi Spazio – Sicuro, Rome, Italy
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Mitchell JC, MacLeod BP, Cassisi JE. Modeling Sexual Assault Risk Perception Among Heterosexual College Females. Violence Against Women 2016; 23:143-162. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801216638767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This investigation utilizes structural equation modeling (SEM) to build and test a comprehensive model of specific and global risk perception. A sample of 325 undergraduate females responded to measures of previous victimization, problematic alcohol use, and maladaptive coping. They also rated perceived risk in multiple hypothetical dating vignettes. The results revealed strong relationships between problematic alcohol use and both decreased specific and increased global risk perception. In addition, previous victimization and maladaptive coping were related to increased global risk perception and specific risk perception, respectively. These findings carry implications for theories of risk perception and point to new approaches for research.
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Atmaca S, Gençöz T. Exploring revictimization process among Turkish women: The role of early maladaptive schemas on the link between child abuse and partner violence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2016; 52:85-93. [PMID: 26826949 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to explore the revictimization process between child abuse and neglect (CAN), and intimate partner violence (IPV) based on the schema theory perspective. For this aim, 222 married women recruited in four central cities of Turkey participated in the study. Results indicated that early negative CAN experiences increased the risk of being exposed to later IPV. Specifically, emotional abuse and sexual abuse in the childhood predicted the four subtypes of IPV, which are physical, psychological, and sexual violence, and injury, while physical abuse only associated with physical violence. To explore the mediational role of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) on this association, first, five schema domains were tested via Parallel Multiple Mediation Model. Results indicated that only Disconnection/Rejection (D/R) schema domains mediated the association between CAN and IPV. Second, to determine the particular mediational roles of each schema, eighteen EMS were tested as mediators, and results showed that Emotional Deprivation Schema and Vulnerability to Harm or Illness Schema mediated the association between CAN and IPV. These findings provided an empirical support for the crucial roles of EMSs on the effect of revictimization process. Clinical implications were discussed.
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Hashimoto H, Tani H, Ninomiya T, Mori K. The relationship between parents with a history of childhood problems and incidence of consequent child abuse. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2016; 63:209-15. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.63.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hashimoto
- Department of Child Health & Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Hiroe Tani
- Department of Community Medicine and Human Resource Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Tsuneo Ninomiya
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima University
| | - Kenji Mori
- Department of Child Health & Nursing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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Shin SH, Lee S, Jeon SM, Wills TA. Childhood emotional abuse, negative emotion-driven impulsivity, and alcohol use in young adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 50:94-103. [PMID: 25743371 PMCID: PMC5356361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Childhood emotional abuse has been linked to problematic alcohol use in later life but there is a paucity of empirically based knowledge about the developmental pathways linking emotional abuse and alcohol use in young adulthood. Using a community sample of young individuals aged 18-25 (N=268; female 52%), we performed structural equation modeling to investigate whether emotional abuse influences alcohol use through urgent personality trait and to determine pathways for these effects in a multivariate context. We also examined variations in these pathways by four different alcohol use outcomes including frequency of alcohol use, binge drinking, alcohol-related problems, and alcohol use disorders (AUD). The present study found that emotional abuse was related to urgency, which in turn influenced four types of alcohol use. Urgency may play a significant role in linking childhood maltreatment to alcohol use in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Shin
- School of Social Work, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Sungkyu Lee
- School of Social Welfare, Soongsil University, South Korea; School of Social Work, Boston University, USA
| | - Sae-Mi Jeon
- School of Social Work, Boston University, USA
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Kaya Tezel F, Tutarel Kişlak Ş, Boysan M. Relationships between Childhood Traumatic Experiences, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Interpersonal Styles. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2015; 52:226-232. [PMID: 28360715 DOI: 10.5152/npa.2015.7118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive theories of psychopathology have generally proposed that early experiences of childhood abuse and neglect may result in the development of early maladaptive self-schemas. Maladaptive core schemas are central in the development and maintenance of psychological symptoms in a schema-focused approach. Psychosocial dysfunction in individuals with psychological problems has been consistently found to be associated with symptom severity. However, till date, linkages between psychosocial functioning, early traumatic experiences and core schemas have received little attention. The aim of the present study was to explore the relations among maladaptive interpersonal styles, negative experiences in childhood and core self-schemas in non-clinical adults. METHODS A total of 300 adults (58% women) participated in the study. The participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, Young Schema Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Interpersonal Style Scale. RESULTS Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the Disconnection and Rejection and Impaired Limits schema domains were significant antecedents of maladaptive interpersonal styles after controlling for demographic characteristics and childhood abuse and neglect. Associations of child sexual abuse with Emotionally Avoidant, Manipulative and Abusive interpersonal styles were mediated by early maladaptive schemas. Early maladaptive schemas mediated the relations of emotional abuse with Emotionally Avoidant and Avoidant interpersonal styles as well as the relations of physical abuse with Avoidant and Abusive interpersonal styles. CONCLUSION Interpersonal styles in adulthood are significantly associated with childhood traumatic experiences. Significant relations between early traumatic experiences and maladaptive interpersonal styles are mediated by early maladaptive schemas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murat Boysan
- Department of Psychology, Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Arts, Van, Turkey
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Umeda M, Kawakami N, Kessler RC, Miller E. Childhood adversities and adult use of potentially injurious physical discipline in Japan. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2015; 30:515-527. [PMID: 26478655 PMCID: PMC4607286 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-015-9692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using data derived from the World Mental Health Japan Survey (n = 1,186), this study examined the intergenerational continuity of potentially injurious physical discipline of children in a community sample from Japan with a special focus on the confounding effects of 11 other types of childhood adversities (CAs) and the intervening effects of mental disorders and socioeconomic status. Bivariate analyses revealed that having experienced physical discipline as children and five other CAs was significantly associated with the use of physical discipline as parents in the Japanese community examined. However, childhood physical discipline was the only CA that remained significant after adjusting for the other CAs. The association of childhood physical discipline with adult perpetration was independent of the respondents' mental disorders and household income. No significant gender differences were found in the associations between childhood physical discipline and adult perpetration. The current study on Japan provided empirical support consistent with results found in other countries regarding the intergenerational transmission of child physical abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Umeda
- Department of Mental Health, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
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Phipps RM, Degges-White S. A New Look at Transgenerational Trauma Transmission: Second-Generation Latino Immigrant Youth. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2014.00053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M. Phipps
- Department of Leadership and Counselor Education; The University of Mississippi
- Now at Department of Psychology and Counseling; The University of Texas at Tyler
| | - Suzanne Degges-White
- Department of Leadership and Counselor Education; The University of Mississippi
- Now at Department of Counseling; Adult and Higher Education, Northern Illinois University
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Clark CB, Reiland S, Thorne C, Cropsey KL. Relationship of trauma exposure and substance abuse to self-reported violence among men and women in substance abuse treatment. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2014; 29:1514-1530. [PMID: 24323693 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513507138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Past research showed a relationship between substance abuse and aggression and past trauma and aggression. The nature of the relationships between substance use, trauma, and aggression is inconclusive. The current research hypothesized greater aggression among those with a history of substance abuse and trauma compared with those without such a history and an additive relationship between substance abuse and trauma on aggression. Participants were 615 individuals in a substance abuse treatment program for individuals under criminal justice supervision. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews and self-report measures. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed the relationships among substance use, trauma, and aggression. Participants with a history of trauma and regular substance use reported the highest rates of homicidal ideation, problem behaviors, and person offenses. Participants in this group also reported greater desire for help managing their stress and tension, dealing with problems in their intimate relationships, developing healthier relationships in general, and learning prosocial approaches to express their feelings. Substance abusing participants who experienced trauma reported more externalizing behaviors and a greater desire for coping- and social-skills training than participants who abused substances but did not report a history of trauma. This suggests that participants in substance abuse treatment programs may have improved outcomes with the addition of components to address these issues.
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Thornberry TP, Matsuda M, Greenman SJ, Augustyn MB, Henry KL, Smith CA, Ireland TO. Adolescent risk factors for child maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2014; 38:706-22. [PMID: 24075569 PMCID: PMC4056983 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate adolescent risk factors, measured at both early and late adolescence, for involvement in child maltreatment during adulthood. Comprehensive assessments of risk factors for maltreatment that use representative samples with longitudinal data are scarce and can inform multilevel prevention. We use data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a longitudinal study begun in 1988 with a sample of 1,000 seventh and eighth graders. Participants have been interviewed 14 times and, at the last assessment (age 31), 80% were retained. Risk factors represent 10 developmental domains: area characteristics, family background/structure, parent stressors, exposure to family violence, parent-child relationships, education, peer relationships, adolescent stressors, antisocial behaviors, and precocious transitions to adulthood. Maltreatment is measured by substantiated reports from Child Protective Services records. Many individual risk factors (20 at early adolescence and 14 at later adolescence) are significantly, albeit moderately, predictive of maltreatment. Several developmental domains stand out, including family background/structure, education, antisocial behaviors, and precocious transitions. In addition, there is a pronounced impact of cumulative risk on the likelihood of maltreatment. For example, only 3% of the youth with no risk domains in their background at early adolescence were involved in later maltreatment, but for those with risk in 9 developmental domains the rate was 45%. Prevention programs targeting youth at high risk for engaging in maltreatment should begin during early adolescence when risk factors are already at play. These programs need to be comprehensive, capable of addressing the multiple and interwoven nature of risk that is associated with maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence P. Thornberry
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2220 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; telephone: +1 301 405 3008
| | - Mauri Matsuda
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2220 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; telephone: +1 301 405 3008
| | - Sarah J. Greenman
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2220 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; telephone: +1 301 405 3008
| | - Megan Bears Augustyn
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2220 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; telephone: +1 301 405 3008
| | - Kimberly L. Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, 1879 Campus Delivery, B219d Clark, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Smith
- School of Social Welfare, University at Albany, 135 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Timothy O. Ireland
- Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Niagara University, Niagara University, NY 14109, USA
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Russa MB, Rodriguez CM, Silvia PJ. Frustration influences impact of history and disciplinary attitudes on physical discipline decision making. Aggress Behav 2014; 40:1-11. [PMID: 23926046 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although intergenerational patterns of punitive physical punishment garner considerable research attention, the mechanisms by which historical, cognitive, and contextual factors interplay to influence disciplinary responding remains poorly understood. Disciplinary attitudes have been shown to mediate the association between disciplinary history and disciplinary responding. The present study investigated whether frustration influences these mediation effects. Half of a sample of 330 undergraduates was randomly assigned to frustration induction. Structural equation modeling confirmed that, for participants in the frustration condition, the relation between disciplinary history and physical discipline decision-making was fully mediated by attitudes approving physical discipline. In contrast, for respondents in the no-frustration condition, the pathway from disciplinary history to discipline decision-making was only partially mediated by attitudes. Under conditions of frustration, attitudes may become a more central means by which personal disciplinary history is associated with disciplinary decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B. Russa
- Department of Psychology; Grand Valley State University; Allendale Michigan
| | - Christina M. Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology; University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro North Carolina
| | - Paul J. Silvia
- Department of Psychology; University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Greensboro North Carolina
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Iverson KM, McLaughlin KA, Adair KC, Monson CM. Anger-related dysregulation as a factor linking childhood physical abuse and interparental violence to intimate partner violence experiences. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2014; 29:564-78. [PMID: 25199386 PMCID: PMC4219736 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood family violence exposure is associated with increased risk for experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain inadequately understood. Difficulties with emotion regulation may be one factor that helps to explain this relationship. METHOD Childhood physical abuse and interparental violence, as well as subsequent IPV experiences, were assessed in a large sample of young adults (N = 670). Several indicators of anger-related dysregulation were also assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to create a latent variable of anger-related dysregulation, which was examined as a potential mediator of the associations between childhood family violence exposure and IPV. RESULTS Childhood physical abuse and interparental violence were associated with greater physical, sexual, and emotional IPV victimization. Childhood physical abuse and interparental violence were also associated with anger-related dysregulation, which was positively associated with all three types of IPV experiences. Anger-related dysregulation fully mediated the association between witnessing interparental violence and physical IPV. Anger-related dysregulation partially mediated the association between witnessing interparental violence and psychological IPV and the associations of childhood physical abuse with all three forms of IPV. These associations were consistent across gender. CONCLUSIONS Interventions aimed at reducing IPV risk among survivors of childhood family violence may benefit from including techniques to target anger-related emotion regulation skills.
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Lamela D, Figueiredo B. Parents' physical victimization in childhood and current risk of child maltreatment: the mediator role of psychosomatic symptoms. J Psychosom Res 2013; 75:178-83. [PMID: 23915776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the potential mediation effect of psychosomatic symptoms on the relationship between parents' history of childhood physical victimization and current risk for child physical maltreatment. METHODS Data from the Portuguese National Representative Study of Psychosocial Context of Child Abuse and Neglect were used. Nine-hundred and twenty-four parents completed the Childhood History Questionnaire, the Psychosomatic Scale of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Child Abuse Potential Inventory. RESULTS Mediation analysis revealed that the total effect of the childhood physical victimization on child maltreatment risk was significant. The results showed that the direct effect from the parents' history of childhood physical victimization to their current maltreatment risk was still significant once parents' psychosomatic symptoms were added to the model, indicating that the increase in psychosomatic symptomatology mediated in part the increase of parents' current child maltreatment risk. DISCUSSION The mediation analysis showed parents' psychosomatic symptomatology as a causal pathway through which parents' childhood history of physical victimization exerts its effect on increased of child maltreatment risk. Somatization-related alterations in stress and emotional regulation are discussed as potential theoretical explanation of our findings. A cumulative risk perspective is also discussed in order to elucidate about the mechanisms that contribute for the intergenerational continuity of child physical maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Lamela
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, Portugal.
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Edwards KM, Gidycz CA, Desai AD. Men's reactions to participating in interpersonal violence research. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2012; 27:3683-3700. [PMID: 22809816 DOI: 10.1177/0886260512447576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed college men's reactions immediately following and 2 months after completing self-report measures of interpersonal violence. Results showed that 4.3% of men experienced immediate negative emotional reactions. Greater immediate negative reactions were related to personal benefits to research participation, anticipation of future distress, experiences of childhood physical abuse and psychological abuse/neglect, and physical abuse perpetration either in adolescence or adulthood. Attrition from the study over the 2-month follow-up was predicted by fewer perceived personal benefits to study participation but not by negative emotional reactions. None of the participants who returned for the 2-month follow-up reported experiencing negative emotional reactions to research participation over the interim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Edwards
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Die mehrgenerationale Weitergabe von Traumatisierungen – empirische und familiendynamische Perspektiven. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2012; 61:564-83. [DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2012.61.8.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Joosen KJ, Mesman J, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van Ijzendoorn MH. Maternal sensitivity to infants in various settings predicts harsh discipline in toddlerhood. Attach Hum Dev 2012; 14:101-17. [PMID: 22385309 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2012.661217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In a longitudinal study with 73 mothers and their second-born child, stability and main-level differences between measures of maternal sensitivity across settings and over time were examined. Furthermore, the predictability of harsh discipline by these different maternal sensitivity measures was studied. Maternal sensitivity was assessed at three and six months during bathing, free play on mother's lap and the baseline and reunion episode of the Still Face Paradigm (SFP; Tronick, Als, Adamson, Wise, & Brazelton, 1978 ). Harsh discipline was observed during three home visits in the second year of life. Results showed a single underlying factor for all maternal sensitivity settings at both time points and significant stability over time. Harsh discipline was predicted by maternal sensitivity at three months, which was fully mediated by maternal sensitivity at six months. Early failure to respond appropriately to infant signals is an important indicator of risk for future harsh parenting.
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Perepletchikova F, Ansell E, Axelrod S. Borderline personality disorder features and history of childhood maltreatment in mothers involved with child protective services. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2012; 17:182-190. [PMID: 22593244 DOI: 10.1177/1077559512448471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the history of childhood maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) symptoms in mothers whose children were removed from the home by Child Protective Services (CPS) to identify potential targets for future intervention efforts. Forty-one mothers of children removed from the home due to abuse and/or neglect and 58 community-control mothers without CPS involvement were assessed for history of childhood maltreatment, alcohol and drug use, and BPD features. CPS-involved mothers scored significantly higher on measures of childhood maltreatment history and BPD features than did control mothers. The highest BPD scores were associated with the most severe histories of mothers' childhood maltreatment. In total, 50% of CPS-involved mothers reported elevated BPD features, compared with 15% of control mothers. Further, 19% of CPS-involved mothers had self-reported scores consistent with a BPD diagnosis, compared with 4% of control mothers. BPD features rather than maltreatment history per se predicted maternal involvement with CPS, controlling for alcohol and drug use predictors. The present data suggest that evidence-based treatments to address BPD symptoms may be indicated for some CPS-involved parents.
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Liu N, Zhang Y, Brady HJ, Cao Y, He Y, Zhang Y. Relation between childhood maltreatment and severe intrafamilial male-perpetrated physical violence in Chinese community: the mediating role of borderline and antisocial personality disorder features. Aggress Behav 2012; 38:64-76. [PMID: 22028215 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the role of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) features as mediators of the effects of childhood maltreatment on severe intrafamilial physical violence amongst Chinese male perpetrators. A cross-sectional survey and face-to-face interview were conducted to examine childhood maltreatment, personality disorder features, impulsivity, aggression, and severe intrafamilial physical violence in a community sample of 206 abusive men in China. The results suggest that ASPD or BPD features mediate between childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence perpetration in Chinese abusive men. These findings may yield clinical and forensic implications for assessing the psychopathology of abusive men, and may steer the intervention of intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Mental Health Institute; Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Psychology; Nanjing Brain Hospital; Nanjing Medical Hospital; Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Mental Health Institute; Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yuping Cao
- Mental Health Institute; Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- Mental Health Institute; Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- Mental Health Institute; Second Xiangya Hospital; Central South University; Changsha Hunan People's Republic of China
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Ma Y, Chen J, Xiao W, Wang F, Zhang M. Parents' self-reporting of child physical maltreatment in Yuncheng City, China. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2011; 35:592-600. [PMID: 21871663 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of child physical maltreatment (CPM) by parents in a city locating in central-western region of China and identify associated risk factors. METHODS Cross-sectional survey was carried out among a randomly sampled population of primary school students' parents in Yuncheng City. Data on parental CPM during the past 3 months, definition of CPM, Parenting Scale, parent-child interaction attitudes, social support, socio-demographic background were collected by a self-report questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between CPM and related risk factors. RESULTS Of parents from 1,394 primary school students, there were 595 (42.7%) and 301 (21.6%) of them reported that they had minor/severe CPM behaviors toward their children during the past 3 months, respectively. The risk factors that were significantly associated with both prevalence and frequencies of minor/severe CPM included child problem behaviors, overreactivity and hostility parenting. CONCLUSION CPM by parents is not uncommon in China. More attention should be paid to programs that help parents learn parenting skills and use nonviolent child discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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