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Band-Winterstein T, Shulyaev K, Eisikovits Z. Rethinking Lifetime Abuse in Old Age. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:4020-4040. [PMID: 39254272 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241264533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Research on abuse is often piecemeal and focused on specific forms, populations, and social situations. As a result, these studies tend to ignore the web of abuse resulting from the interactive effects of various forms of abuse over the life course, together referred to as "lifetime abuse." An examination of abuse from the point of view of older adults is likely to provide a lifetime perspective based on linking child abuse to elder abuse over the life course and an assessment of its consequences. Despite the growing awareness and resulting body of knowledge regarding this phenomenon, proposed theoretical formulations about it remain limited. The present article aimed to conceptualize the multifaceted phenomenon of lifetime abuse and to gain a deeper perspective of the topic by understanding its dimensions, meanings, and experiences in older age, based on a critical review of empirical studies. A model is suggested, which can be useful for future exploration and understanding of lifetime abuse. Based on a critical review of previous studies, we suggest a theoretical framework of lifetime abuse from the perspective of older adults, identifying three key domains: (a) perception of time and life review in old age; (b) cumulative and interactive abusive life events; and (c) resilience versus vulnerability over the life course. We propose a heuristic model to explore and understand lifetime abuse. We believe our proposed model is open to reflection and elaboration and is intended to raise questions that could enhance the need for our understanding of lifetime abuse in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova Band-Winterstein
- The Minerva Center on Intersectionality in Aging (MCIA), University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Ksenya Shulyaev
- The Minerva Center on Intersectionality in Aging (MCIA), University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Zvi Eisikovits
- The Minerva Center on Intersectionality in Aging (MCIA), University of Haifa, Israel
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2
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Schermerhorn SMV, Muensterer OJ, Ignacio RC. Identification and Evaluation of Non-Accidental Trauma in the Pediatric Population: A Clinical Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:413. [PMID: 38671630 PMCID: PMC11049109 DOI: 10.3390/children11040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-accidental trauma (NAT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children around the world and most significantly impacts children under one year of age. Prompt and comprehensive treatment of these children relies on a high index of suspicion from any medical provider that treats pediatric patients. This review discusses those most at risk for experiencing NAT, and common initial presentations, to assist providers in the identification of potential victims. In addition, this review provides guidance on the recommended workup for these patients so that the full extent of associated injuries may be identified and the appropriate healthcare team may be assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver J. Muensterer
- LMU Medical Center, Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstrasse 4, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Romeo C. Ignacio
- Department of Surgery, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, 3020 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
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Younas F, Gutman LM. Parental Risk and Protective Factors in Child Maltreatment: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3697-3714. [PMID: 36448533 PMCID: PMC10594837 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221134634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically reviews and synthesizes evidence on parental risk and protective factors along with identifying differences in the presence of these factors based on maltreatment type. In all, 68 quantitative, published, empirical studies were included from electronic databases for the systematic review. Quality appraisal did not exclude any studies and data were extracted from all. Results were narratively synthesized using the Risk and Resilience Ecological framework. The findings revealed more risk factors on the micro (individual and family) ecological level compared to mezzo and macro levels. At the micro level, findings mirror results of prior systematic reviews such as parental substance abuse, history of childhood maltreatment, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Social support was the most significant protective factor across all ecological levels and across all maltreatment types except child sexual abuse but differed in definition widely across studies. Physical abuse had the most risk factors unique to this type followed by neglect, and IPV was a common risk factor across all maltreatment types. Fewer studies on emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and protective factors were identified. The findings of this review delineated key parental risk and protective factors at various ecological levels along with associations between distinct factors and types of maltreatment. Interventions working with parents to reduce child maltreatment risk can use these findings to guide development of targeted programs for families based on risk and maltreatment type. For researchers, the findings can guide further investigation in under-researched areas of parental sexual and emotional abuse and protective factors.
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Livings MS, Hsiao V, Withers M. Breaking the Cycle of Family Violence: A Critique of Family Violence Interventions. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2544-2559. [PMID: 35538418 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221098049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the intergenerational transmission of family violence is associated with numerous negative outcomes, interventions are needed to interrupt this cycle. Our aim is to review the family violence intervention literature and to assess whether and how interventions interrupt the intergenerational transmission of family violence. Papers about interventions were identified through database searches (PubMed, JSTOR, CINAHL, PsycINFO), supplemented by review of references and relevant review papers. Eligibility criteria included: empirical studies detailing interventions to interrupt or prevent child abuse/maltreatment and/or intimate partner violence, published between January 2000 and August 2020, and written in English. Of the 14 papers included in this narrative review, only 3 explicitly stated that they aimed to break the cycle of family violence; 12 papers came from high-income countries, and 10 focused on individuals, with half focusing on mothers. We identify effective intervention approaches, including long-term one-on-one coaching and home visits to improve parenting. Results demonstrate a dose-response relationship, suggesting the lasting value of increased intervention frequency and duration. We highlight gaps in the literature, including the need for interventions in low-income countries, and those geared toward fathers and neighborhoods/communities. We also examine the many methodological challenges of this work, such as possible biases related to the use of retrospective data, lack of objective outcome measures, and absence of long-term follow-up. Our recommendations for future research include incorporating trauma-informed frameworks, developing standardized definitions and measures to facilitate the comparison of intervention results, and designing more interventions specifically for fathers/husbands and for the prevention of intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Livings
- Spatial Sciences Institute, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victor Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mellissa Withers
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Brühl A, Ward CL, Lachman JM, Foran HM, Raleva M, Baban A, Heinrichs N. Co-Occurrence of Intimate Partner Violence Against Mothers and Maltreatment of Their Children With Behavioral Problems in Eastern Europe. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2439-2463. [PMID: 37475529 PMCID: PMC10496420 DOI: 10.1177/10778012231188090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) against mothers and their risk of perpetrating child maltreatment (CM) in North Macedonia, the Republic of Moldova, and Romania. Risk factors for IPV, CM, and their co-occurrence were identified. Two samples (N1 = 112, N2 = 701) of mothers with children with behavioral problems were assessed. IPV was reported by 64% of mothers, CM by 96%, and their co-occurrence by 63%. Mothers exposed to emotional IPV reported more physical and emotional CM. Mothers exposed to physical IPV reported more physical CM. Motheŕs own history of CM and offspring's behavior problems were associated with IPV and CM co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Brühl
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Catherine L. Ward
- Department of Psychology and Safety and Violence Initiative, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jamie M. Lachman
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Heather M. Foran
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Carinthia, Austria
| | - Marija Raleva
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University of Skopje, Skopje,
North Macedonia
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj County, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Senberg A, Schmucker M, Oster A, Zumbach J. Parental personality disorder and child maltreatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106148. [PMID: 37060689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental pathology may affect parenting capacity and is deemed a risk factor for child maltreatment. Especially parental personality disorder (PD) can significantly burden the relationship and interaction between parents and their children. OBJECTIVE This meta-analytic review aims to summarize and quantify the influence of parental PD on the occurrence / the risk of child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Studies had to meet the following inclusion criteria: They had to analyze a sample of parents with a diagnosed PD and the occurrence / risk of maltreating their children. To be included in the narrative synthesis and/or meta-analysis, they had to be case-control, cross-sectional, or longitudinal studies. Literature research was conducted in the databases Web of Science, Psychinfo, and Google Scholar up to January 2023. METHODS First, studies were analyzed on a narrative level, and eligible studies for the meta-analysis were identified. Studies were grouped according to the diagnosed PDs. Five different groups were included: borderline PD, antisocial PD, narcissistic PD, nondifferentiated PDs, and Cluster B PDs. Three different random-effects meta-analyses were computed (borderline PD, antisocial PD, Cluster B PDs). Meta-analyses were controlled for publication bias and different covariates (e.g., study quality, sample size). RESULTS After screening 41 full texts, 17 studies were included in the narrative synthesis, out of which 14 samples from 11 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Analysis of borderline PD showed an association with the occurrence / risk of child maltreatment (OR = 8.08; 95 % CI [2.51, 25.93]). However, after taking into account possible publication bias, this association was no longer significant. We found a significant and stable association between antisocial PD and the occurrence of / risk of child maltreatment (OR = 4.92; 95 % CI [3.26, 7.43]). Analysis of Cluster B PDs (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic) revealed a significant overall association (OR = 4.23; 95 % CI [2.75, 6.5]), indicating that the presence of Cluster B PDs in parents significantly increases the occurrence of / the risk of child maltreatment. CONCLUSIONS Analyses indicated a significant association between of Cluster B PDs, and specifically between antisocial and borderline PD, with the occurrence of / the risk of child maltreatment. However, methodological limitations have to be taken into account, because results for borderline PD were no longer significant after controlling for possible publication bias. Moreover, the number of studies included was rather small, and results showed a substantial amount of heterogeneity. OTHER This work was not supported by any funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asne Senberg
- Department of Forensic Psychology, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Am Koellnischen Park 2, 10179 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Schmucker
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 49b, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anna Oster
- Department of Forensic Psychology, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Am Koellnischen Park 2, 10179 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jelena Zumbach
- Department of Forensic Psychology, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Am Koellnischen Park 2, 10179 Berlin, Germany.
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Choi S, Kim JY, Kim E, Oh S. Intergenerational Transmission of Child Abuse Among Married Women in South Korea: A Multigroup Analysis of Empathetic Communication (TSL: Thanks, Sorry, and Love). JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7315-7334. [PMID: 36789728 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221145719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Intergenerational transmission of child abuse (hereinafter referred to as ITCA) has been continuously reported. Supportive relations with others have also been discussed as a protective factor to prevent this cycle. However, research has mainly investigated supportive adult and peer relationships formed in childhood, with little discussion of the impact of supportive partner relationships formed after becoming an adult. This study examined whether empathetic communication (hereinafter referred to as TSL: "Thanks, Sorry, and Love") attenuates the transmission of married women's child abuse experiences to subsequent generations mediated by intimate partner violence (hereinafter referred to as IPV). TSL is a communication strategy that promotes positive communication between intimate partners. We expected TSL to promote positive communication between couples through a process of self-transformation. Data from 1,122 married women were obtained from a nation-wide survey conducted in South Korea. All the survey respondents lived with partners and their own children simultaneously. For this study, structural equation model multigroup analysis was conducted to determine whether the pathways would be attenuated by TSL levels, showing that a high level of TSL communication attenuated the ITCA mediated by IPV. However, this process was maintained in the low-level TSL group. TSL is thus a protective factor against the ITCA. The findings suggest that healing processes can occur not only through childhood relationships but also through those formed after adulthood. Ultimately, to help victims recover, it is necessary to expand communication programs such as TSL that help victims learn how to express their feelings through healthy relationships with their partners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sehun Oh
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Reingold OH, Goldner L. "It was wrapped in a kind of normalcy": The lived experience and consequences in adulthood of survivors of female child sexual abuse. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 139:106125. [PMID: 36870267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors' surveys on the frequency of sexual offenses committed by women indicated a prevalence rate of 9.9 % to 11.6 %. Nevertheless, only a few studies have explored the long-term consequences of abuse on survivors. OBJECTIVES Examine the lived experiences and the long-term consequences of child sexual abuse committed by women. PARTICIPANTS Fifteen adult participants who experienced child sexual abuse conducted by female offenders participated in the study. METHODS The Interpretive Phenomenological Approach was applied to semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Three central themes emerged: types of abuse, characteristics of the perpetrator, and consequences of abuse. Most survivors experienced direct or indirect forms of sexual abuse committed by their mothers. In most cases, the offenders masked their abuse in caregiving, disciplinary or playful behavior. The survivors perceived their mothers as narcissistic, controlling, hostile, and having tremendous difficulties with separation. The survivors reported the need to engage in extensive negative long-lasting psychopathologies, which they attributed partly to having been invalidated and silenced by society. Many participants expressed fears of re-enacting the survivor or perpetrator role, which has led to difficulties in various relationships. They described an altered perception of their bodies as shameful and repulsive, manifesting in self-harm, eating disorders, and the elimination of signs of femininity. CONCLUSION This complex form of sexual abuse hampers the internalization and the construction of positive feminine, masculine, and parental identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Herzig Reingold
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Limor Goldner
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel.
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9
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Lotto CR, Altafim ERP, Linhares MBM. Maternal History of Childhood Adversities and Later Negative Parenting: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:662-683. [PMID: 34342253 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211036076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences negatively impact future violence, victimization, perpetration, health, and lifelong development. The aim of the present study was to systematically review the scientific evidence of empirical studies on the association between maternal childhood adversity in a familial context, including maltreatment, household challenges, and later maternal negative parenting. A search was performed in the PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS databases, using the combination of the following keywords: (neglect OR abuse OR maltreatment OR harsh parenting OR punishment OR discipline OR negative parenting practices) AND (adverse childhood experiences OR early adversity OR cycle of violence OR cycle of maltreatment OR history of maltreatment) AND (mother OR maternal). The results of 29 studies showed predominantly significant direct associations between maternal childhood adversities and negative parenting with their children (83%). Parental stress was also significantly associated with a maternal history of childhood adversities. Focusing on the type of maltreatment practices, there were similar intergenerational transmission types: homotypic and heterotypic. Few studies have examined the protective factors that could buffer the negative impact of a maternal childhood history of adversities on later negative parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Regina Lotto
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil
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Redlich-Amirav D, Larsen D, Taylor E. Does Hope Reverberate Between Generations? QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:247-256. [PMID: 36705441 PMCID: PMC9932612 DOI: 10.1177/10497323231151614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Intergenerational transmission refers to the transmission of stories, traits, abilities, ideas, behaviors, and various outcomes from parents to their children. To date, there has been little research on the intergenerational transmission of positive behavior, traits, and actions. To determine whether hope may be transmitted from one generation to the next, a qualitative study was performed, using narrative inquiry and thematic analysis. Over 4 months, four mothers of children with mental illness were engaged in repeated conversations about stories of hope related to their past and how they envisioned hope in their children. Findings indicated that hope could be transmitted to the next generation, either explicitly (verbally) or implicitly (i.e., expressed through actions involving one's children). We conclude that also positive patterns may be transmitted both explicitly and implicitly from one generation to the next. Transmitting hope between generations played a significant role in the mothers' experiences of hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Redlich-Amirav
- Department of OT, Sackler Faculty
of Medicine, School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine,
University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Denise Larsen
- Graduate Studies Faculty of
Education, Hope Foundation of Alberta, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Taylor
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine,
University
of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Naito H, Nitta K, Kakiuchi Y. Risk factors of self-reported physical child abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: work-related changes in men and fear of COVID-19 in women. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15346. [PMID: 37180587 PMCID: PMC10174052 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no global consensus on whether pandemic-related factors are related to child abuse. How the pandemic reinforces the risk factors of child abuse might depend largely on individuals' current and past lifestyles in each country. Some changes of lifestyles continue after the pandemic, and it is important to understand which factors are strongly associated with child abuse. We analyzed the pandemic-related characteristics of offenders and non-offenders of self-reported child physical abuse from Internet survey data in Japan and discussed how the pandemic affected physical child abuse and what caused the difference by gender. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on physical child abuse by caregivers based on the Internet survey conducted from September to October 2021. We divided the participants who were living with their child aged less than 14 years into offenders and non-offenders based on the answer to the question about physical child abuse. The population distribution of the sample was compared to that of caregivers under the same conditions in a large Japanese dataset. The association between their characteristics and physical child abuse was analyzed by univariable and multivariable analysis. Results The caregivers analyzed in the cohort had similar population distributions to those in the large Japanese dataset. As risk factors of male offenders, "work from home 4-7 days/week," "decreased work," "normal relationships with household members (compared to good relationships)," "COVID-19 infected, both themselves and household members, within a year," "unwillingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination because the license process of the vaccine is doubtful," "high levels of benevolent sexism," and "history of child abuse" were observed. As risk factors of female offenders, "bad relationships with household members (compared to good relationships)," "fear of COVID-19," "COVID-19 infected, both themselves and household members, within a year," "feelings of discrimination related to COVID-19 in the past two months," and "history of child verbal abuse" were observed. Conclusions Among male offenders, a significant relationship was observed regarding work-related changes, which may have been reinforced by the pandemic. Furthermore, the extent of the influence and fear of losing jobs caused by these changes may have varied according to the strength of gender roles and financial support in each country. Among female offenders, a significant relationship was observed regarding fear of infection itself, which is consistent with the findings of other studies. In terms of factors related to dissatisfaction with families, in some countries with prominent stereotyped gender roles, men are thought to experience difficulties adapting to work-related changes induced by crises, while women are thought to experience intense fear of the infection itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruaki Naito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Kindai University, Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nitta
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Kindai University, Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kakiuchi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Kindai University, Sayama, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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12
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Chan KL, Chen M, Lo CKM, Chen XY, Tang D, Ip P. Who Is at High Risk for Child Abuse and Neglect: Risk Assessment among Battered Women Using Shelter Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:833. [PMID: 36613155 PMCID: PMC9819812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intersections between intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse and neglect (CAN) have received growing attention from the research community. However, there is limited research examining the risk factors for CAN among children of battered women who have experienced severe IPV and seek refuge in shelters. OBJECTIVE In the current study, we examined the co-occurrence of IPV and CAN and the risk factors for CAN in a sample of battered women. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING We recruited 260 battered women who were staying in women's shelters in Hong Kong. METHODS We analyzed the data collected from the risk assessment reports of battered women and focused on IPV against women, CAN, and risk assessment. RESULTS Nearly half of the battered women had reported both IPV against themselves and CAN against their children. These women were, in general, younger, unemployed, and had been living in Hong Kong for less than seven years as new immigrants. Other risk factors for CAN in violent families included women's conflicts with their partner and abusers with higher levels of stress and approval of violence. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study of risk factors for the co-occurrence of IPV and CAN advances our understanding of the causes of violence against women and children in families with violence. Our findings suggest that additional integrated services should be offered to both battered women and their children during their stay in shelters and after shelter departure. Addressing IPV and CAN and reducing adverse consequences needs greater collaboration among the various stakeholders across the social services, health, educational, and legal sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Ling Chan
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengtong Chen
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Camilla K. M. Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yan Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Debbie Tang
- Family Crisis Support, Po Leung Kuk, Causeway Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Al-Mohannadi AS, Al-Harahsheh S, Atari S, Jilani N, Al-Hail G, Sigodo K. Addressing violence against children: A case review in the state of Qatar. Front Public Health 2022; 10:859325. [PMID: 36561874 PMCID: PMC9764335 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.859325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Violence against children (VAC) is a critical public health issue that affects billions of children worldwide. The combination of its prevalence and severity of effects on children creates an urgent need for effective interventions. Multiple studies associate VAC with lifelong implications that affect children through adulthood. In Qatar, multiple approaches such as legislation are being used to protect children from all forms of violence. Despite the gravity of the issue, there is still low readiness for the prevention of VAC in Qatar. This review aimed to map approaches to addressing VAC in Qatar from the panelists' perspectives on current approaches to addressing VAC. Methods The review obtained data from a recorded video entitled "A Public Health Approach to Addressing Violence Against Children." The panel discussion in this video clip was organized as a side event of the WISH virtual summit by UNICEF and WISH on World Children's Day, held in Qatar in November 2020. The video was transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings It shows the importance of both global and national level interventions in addressing VAC. The review uses the socioecological model to show relationships among different levels of interventions addressing VAC in Qatar. The findings highlight the national approaches to addressing VAC using public health, and legislative and policy approaches. Discussion The interventions addressing VAC at different levels in Qatar are interconnected. Delineating each level is key to the formation of holistic interventions that leverage global, regional, national, communal, familial, and individual factors that support interventions to address VAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi
- World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi
| | - Sanaa Al-Harahsheh
- World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nadeem Jilani
- Sidra Child Advocacy Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghalya Al-Hail
- World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kennedy Sigodo
- Department of Nursing and Community Health, Glasgow Caledonian University, London, United Kingdom
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Women Selling Sex in Russia: Analyzing Women’s Appraisal of Exploitation and Mistreatment Using Cognitive Dissonance and Cultural Sex Script Frameworks. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, over a third of women have experienced physical or sexual violence in their lifetime. In Russia, human trafficking, sexual exploitation, and physical abuse of women are amongst the world’s highest. Applying cognitive dissonance theory and sexual script theory, this study explores whether women (n = 654) trading sex in Russia appraise their experiences of entering the commercial sex trade as voluntary or forced. Contributing client factors were also analyzed, including beatings (66%), rape (66%), and humiliation (86%) by clients. Multiple logistic regression assessed whether women who reported voluntarily entering the commercial sex trade were more likely to experience physical abuse but less likely to experience rape (AOR:1.37); were more likely to perceive men using them as decent/caring (AOR = 2.54); were more likely to sell sadistic/masochistic services (AOR: 2.31); and less likely to stop selling sex (AOR: 5.84). Implications of this study reveal the importance of intervention strategies that account for a woman’s unawareness of her own exploitation and mistreatment as well as the psychological barriers that prevent her from seeking help. The necessity of recognizing women selling sex as sufferers of coercion and abuse is also emphasized.
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Deal E, Hawkins M, Del Carmen Graf M, Dressel A, Ruiz A, Pittman B, Schmitt M, Krueger E, Lopez AA, Mkandawire-Valhmu L, Kako P. Centering Our Voices: Experiences of Violence Among Homeless African American Women. Violence Against Women 2022:10778012221117599. [PMID: 36017557 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221117599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Women experiencing homelessness who are also survivors of violence require uniquely tailored programs to accommodate complex needs. To understand how violence shaped the lives of formerly homeless African American women, an instrumental case study design and community-based participatory research approach was utilized in this qualitative study. Focus group interviews with graduates (N = 40) from a long-term transitional housing program were conducted. Using thematic analysis, identified themes included: cycles of violence, violence in the community, relationships with children, and coping with violence. These themes illustrated survivors' growth through supportive programming and highlighted services dedicated to empowering women who have experienced violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Deal
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Maren Hawkins
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Anne Dressel
- College of Nursing, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley Ruiz
- College of Nursing, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Marin Schmitt
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Emma Krueger
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Alexa A Lopez
- College of Nursing, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Peninnah Kako
- College of Nursing, 14751University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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16
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Wood L, McGiffert M, Fusco RA, Kulkarni S. " The Propellers of My Life" The Impact of Domestic Violence Transitional Housing on Parents and Children. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2022; 40:1-15. [PMID: 35095183 PMCID: PMC8785383 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-021-00809-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Housing and homelessness are frequent issues facing domestic violence (DV) survivors and their children. Several DV programs provide transitional housing (DVTH) to address the housing needs of DV survivors and their children. Despite wide use, little is known about the impact of DVTH, especially on child and parenting related needs and outcomes. Multiple structured interviews (82) were conducted with 27 parents with minor children living in DVTH in order to explore housing program experiences. Thematic analysis techniques produced three themes and seven subthemes about DVTH impact on parenting and child wellness. Overarching themes include: (1) DVTH helps to strengthen the parent-child relationship through a focus on family connection and health; (2). Transitional housing provides an opportunity for family stability via housing, material, and economic stability; (3). Time at DVTH allows family to access a diverse range of trauma-informed resources and social support to meet family goals. Barriers to these potential impacts are explored. Implications for practice with youth and parents include the need for extensive mental health and legal advocacy, programmatic models that emphasize resources, safety and the transition to permanent housing, and build on family strengths. Further research is needed to evaluate DVTH program outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Wood
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0587 USA
| | - Maggy McGiffert
- Center for Violence Prevention, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0587 USA
| | - Rachel A. Fusco
- Georgia Athletic Association Professor in Health and Well-Being, School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Shanti Kulkarni
- Department of Social Work, College of Health and Human Services, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, USA
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17
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Cho S, Kim C. Children's behavior problems, caregivers' trauma history, and membership in latent physical abuse trajectory classes: An approach of latent class growth analysis to dating violence victimization. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 122:105355. [PMID: 34655993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child abuse is a serious social problem in the USA as many children suffer from child abuse and its negative consequences are severe. To prevent future victimization, it is essential to understand unique patterns of child abuse trajectories over time and the factors associated with their victimization. OBJECTIVE The primary goal of this study was to identify individual differences in developmental trajectories of alleged physical abuse between the ages of 2 and 12. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included all children drawn from Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN), which is a consortium of five study sites (South, East, Midwest, Northwest, and Southwest). METHODS Using the high-risk sample with Child Protective Service record reviews prior to age 4, significant variability in trajectory class membership was observed in the unconditional Latent Class Growth Analysis. RESULTS Three trajectory classes were obtained from the data: Early Onset, Late Peak and Non-Victims. The findings showed that children who had an attention problem at age 4 were more likely to become members of both the Early Onset and Late Peak groups, relative to Non-victims. Also, membership in the Late Peak group was predicted by caregivers' childhood physical abuse, supporting for the cycle of physical abuse across generations. Finally, children in the Late Peak group were at the highest risk of being physically, psychologically, and sexually abused in a dating relationship at age 14. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that children's internal and external behavior problems and caregivers' childhood physical abuse are predictive of child abuse trajectory class membership. Parental education programs that increase their knowledge about children with special needs and intervention programs targeting caregivers with a history of physical abuse would be beneficial to prevent child abuse (re)victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujung Cho
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, United States.
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18
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Charak R, De Jong JTVM, Berckmoes LH, Ndayisaba H, Reis R. Intergenerational maltreatment in parent-child dyads from Burundi, Africa: Associations among parental depression and connectedness, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and aggression in children. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:943-954. [PMID: 34644415 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between histories of childhood maltreatment (CM) in parent-child dyads have primarily involved samples from high-income countries; however, CM rates are higher in low- and middle-income countries. The present study aimed to examine the (a) association between maltreatment in parents and maltreatment of their children through risk (i.e., parent depression) and protective (i.e., parent-child connectedness) factors and (b) associations between CM in children with aggression through posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and peer/sibling victimization. Participants were 227 parent-child dyads from Burundi, Africa, a low-income country. Parents were 18 years of age or older, and children were 12-18 years (M = 14.76, SD = 1.88, 57.7% female). Among parents, 20.7%-69.5% of participants reported a history of physical and emotional abuse and neglect; among children, the rates of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse ranged from 14.5% to 89.4%. A history of CM in parents was associated with CM in children, B = 0.19, p < .01, and CM in parents was indirectly associated with CM in children through parent-child connectedness, β = .04, 95% CI [.01, .10], and parental depression, β = .08, 95% CI [.03, .15]. In children, maltreatment was positively associated with peer/sibling victimization, and CM was associated with aggression, β = .07, 95% CI [.04, 0.11], through PTSS but not via peer/sibling victimization. Continued efforts to improve CM-related preventive strategies and the accessibility of prevention services are needed to reduce CM in low-income countries such as Burundi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Charak
- Department of Psychological Science, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas, USA
| | - J T V M De Jong
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Herman Ndayisaba
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organisation, Burundi, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ria Reis
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,The Children's Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Paul V, Rathaur VK, Bhat NK, Sananganba R, Ittoop AL, Pathania M. Child abuse: A social evil in Indian perspective. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:110-115. [PMID: 34017711 PMCID: PMC8132830 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1862_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Child abuse is a social evil which has existed in our society since a long time. The awareness regarding the same has been minimal in developing countries. Many a times, punitive measures taken by parents to discipline their children turn out to be painful scars in their childhood resulting in stunting of their mental and social growth. Doctors and other health care workers have a very important role in identifying and reporting such issues. Law has also evolved over the recent past in safeguarding the future of our children. However, awareness regarding this issue has remained to be the same as before. During the current era of COVID, parents and children have been restricted to their homes. Livelihood of many families have been at risk. These issues have burdened the caretakers at home and absence of teachers who were otherwise their guardian angels have impacted the minds of these children adversely. Hence in this article we intend to provide good clarity about this social evil, and the rights of our children. We also wish to stress upon the duties of parents, doctors, teachers in molding these tender minds so as to get the best out of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Paul
- Senior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vyas K. Rathaur
- Professor and HOD, Department of Pediatrics, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Govt Institute of Medical Science And Research, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nowneet K. Bhat
- Professor and HOD, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajkumar Sananganba
- Junior Resident, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amanta L. Ittoop
- Junior Resident, Department of Anesthesia, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Monika Pathania
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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20
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Ahn S. How non-epistemic values can be epistemically beneficial in scientific classification. STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE 2020; 84:57-65. [PMID: 33218466 DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Ahn
- Department of Philosophy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Northwest Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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21
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Negriff S, Palmer Molina A, Hackman DA. Parental Exposure to Childhood Maltreatment and Offspring's Mental Health: Investigating Pathways Through Parental Adversity and Offspring Exposure to Maltreatment. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2020; 25:422-432. [PMID: 32208855 DOI: 10.1177/1077559520912342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Parental exposure to child maltreatment (CM) is an important predictor of their offspring's CM experiences and mental health. However, less attention has been paid to examine possible mechanisms of transmission, which is critical to inform prevention and intervention efforts. The current study tested (1) whether the association between parental CM exposure and offspring CM exposure was mediated by (a) parental exposure to violence in adulthood or (b) other emotional stressors/adversities in adulthood and (2) the indirect effects from parental CM exposure to offspring mental health outcomes through parental adversity and offspring CM exposure. Data came from a longitudinal study of maltreatment on adolescent development, and analyses focused on adolescents living with a biological parent (N = 185, 51% female). Biological parents (95% mothers) reported on their history of CM and exposure to other adversities across their lifetime. Adolescents self-reported lifetime CM experiences and current depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and externalizing behaviors in late adolescence (Mage = 18.49). Results showed a significant indirect effect of parent CM exposure on offspring's CM exposure and mental health through parental emotional stressors/adversities, but not physical violence. These findings highlight different types of stressors that may impact the risk for intergenerational transmission of CM and subsequent offspring mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abigail Palmer Molina
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hackman
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, 5116University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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22
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Woollett N, Bandeira M, Hatcher A. Trauma-informed art and play therapy: Pilot study outcomes for children and mothers in domestic violence shelters in the United States and South Africa. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 107:104564. [PMID: 32512265 PMCID: PMC7494566 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While intimate partner violence (IPV) has well documented impact on women and children, few interventions have been tested for mothers and children in the domestic violence shelter system. OBJECTIVE We used mixed methods to explore effects of a pilot intervention combining trauma focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) (verbal therapy method) with art and play therapy (non-verbal therapy methods) in New York City and Johannesburg, to compare efficacy between high and low-middle income contexts. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING School-aged children and their mothers from one domestic violence shelter in each city were invited to participate. METHODS Children were screened for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Children participated in a weekly group session lasting 1-2 hours over 12 weeks and mothers received 3 group sessions. Quantitative data comprised pre-and post-intervention child self-reports (n = 21) and mother's report (n = 16) of child depressive and PTSD symptoms. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with children (n = 11) and mothers (n = 8) who completed the intervention. RESULTS At baseline, children showed high rates of symptoms of probable depression and probable PTSD (33 % and 66 % respectively). By endline, depressive symptoms significantly reduced (mean of 13.7-8.3,p = 0.01) and there was a non-significant trend towards PTSD improvement (40.0-34.4, p = 0.21). Children revealed the art helped them express difficult emotions and experiences with their mothers. Multiple children felt it assisted in managing challenging behaviours. CONCLUSION This pilot trauma-informed art and play therapy group intervention holds promise in mitigating the effects of IPV for children and mothers in domestic violence shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Woollett
- Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Monica Bandeira
- Regional Psychosocial Support Initiative (REPSSI), P.O. Box 23076, Randburg, 2167, South Africa.
| | - Abigail Hatcher
- Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, 60 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa; Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, University of California San Francisco, 50 Beale Street, San Francisco, 94105, USA.
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23
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Understanding and managing intimate partner violence in the pediatric primary care setting: a review. Curr Opin Pediatr 2019; 31:683-690. [PMID: 31464765 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight the impact of intimate partner violence (IPV), also known as domestic violence, on children and families and to provide a framework for pediatricians in managing IPV-affected families. RECENT FINDINGS Children living with a victim of IPV are at a much higher risk of being physically abused themselves. Exposure to IPV places children at high risk for multiple adverse childhood experiences, long-term health morbidity, and increased chance of intergenerational transmission of child abuse and future IPV. Exposure to a violent home environment alone is considered a form of child maltreatment. Furthermore, recent studies have proposed that maternal posttraumatic stress disorder and ineffective parenting styles by a victim of IPV mediate children's negative developmental outcomes, such as aggressive or internalizing behavior, mental health issues, and developmental delays. Trauma-informed care and a better understanding of the child abuse reporting process allow pediatricians to address specific needs of children and families exposed to IPV, to serve as mandated reporters with sensitivity and empathy, and to promote resiliency in families. SUMMARY IPV is a public health issue that affects children in a variety of ways. Pediatricians can better manage this very serious and personal issue in their offices through an understanding of the unique healthcare needs of children and families impacted by IPV.
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Hicks LM, Dayton CJ. Mindfulness and trauma symptoms predict child abuse potential in risk-exposed, men and women during pregnancy. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 90:43-51. [PMID: 30738238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly a third of adults report childhood trauma in their youth and approximately 700,000 cases of child maltreatment were reported in 2016. Both history of childhood trauma and current trauma symptoms in adults are linked to child maltreatment, although many trauma-exposed individuals are warm and nurturing parents. Identifying resiliency factors in adults with risk factors for harsh parenting may illuminate new pathways to sensitive parenting. Mindfulness is reported to improve trauma and mental health symptoms but the relationship between mindfulness, trauma, and child abuse potential is not yet understood. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between mindfulness, childhood trauma experiences, trauma symptoms and child abuse potential. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Our participants were 102 expectant parents recruiting from obstetric clinics and agencies Detroit, MI (58.8% African American, 27.5% Caucasian). METHOD Bivariate correlations were examined using validated, self-report questionnaires. Significant variables were included in a hierarchical linear regression to identify predicting factors that contribute to child abuse potential scores. RESULTS Significant correlations between child abuse potential with current trauma symptoms (r = .53, p < .01) and mindfulness (r = -.32, p < .01) were found, but no link with past childhood trauma experiences and child abuse potential were identified. The model significantly predicts child abuse potential (ΔR2 = .10, F(5, 96), = 12.48, p < .001). Trauma symptoms (B = .09, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI][-.40, -.07]) and mindfulness nonreactivity (B = -.24, p < .01, 95% CI[.05, .14]) predicted higher potential for child abuse scores. CONCLUSION Findings suggest increased mindfulness, especially nonreactivity to one's own thoughts, may be an important factor to protect against child abuse potential. Interventions to increase parental mindfulness may reduce child abuse potential and improve child well-being, but further mechanistic research is needed to determine this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel M Hicks
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 5447 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Carolyn J Dayton
- Wayne State University, School of Social Work, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, 5447 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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