1
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Voss TS, Brancucci NM. Regulation of sexual commitment in malaria parasites - a complex affair. Curr Opin Microbiol 2024; 79:102469. [PMID: 38574448 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Malaria blood stage parasites commit to either one of two distinct cellular fates while developing within erythrocytes of their mammalian host: they either undergo another round of asexual replication or they differentiate into nonreplicative transmissible gametocytes. Depending on the state of infection, either path may support or impair the ultimate goal of human-to-human transmission via the mosquito vector. Malaria parasites therefore evolved strategies to control investments into asexual proliferation versus gametocyte formation. Recent work provided fascinating molecular insight into shared and unique mechanisms underlying the control and environmental modulation of sexual commitment in the two most widely studied malaria parasite species, Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei. With this review, we aim at placing these findings into a comparative mechanistic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S Voss
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Nicolas Mb Brancucci
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland.
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Avalos-Padilla Y, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Nanotherapeutics against malaria: A decade of advancements in experimental models. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1943. [PMID: 38426407 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by different species of protists of the genus Plasmodium, remains among the most common causes of death due to parasitic diseases worldwide, mainly for children aged under 5. One of the main obstacles to malaria eradication is the speed with which the pathogen evolves resistance to the drug schemes developed against it. For this reason, it remains urgent to find innovative therapeutic strategies offering sufficient specificity against the parasite to minimize resistance evolution and drug side effects. In this context, nanotechnology-based approaches are now being explored for their use as antimalarial drug delivery platforms due to the wide range of advantages and tuneable properties that they offer. However, major challenges remain to be addressed to provide a cost-efficient and targeted therapeutic strategy contributing to malaria eradication. The present work contains a systematic review of nanotechnology-based antimalarial drug delivery systems generated during the last 10 years. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuen Avalos-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Glennon EK, Wei L, Roobsoong W, Primavera VI, Tongogara T, Yee CB, Sattabongkot J, Kaushansky A. Host kinase regulation of Plasmodium vivax dormant and replicating liver stages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.13.566868. [PMID: 38014051 PMCID: PMC10680662 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.566868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Upon transmission to the liver, Plasmodium vivax parasites form replicating schizonts, which continue to initiate blood-stage infection, or dormant hypnozoites that reactivate weeks to months after initial infection. P. vivax phenotypes in the field vary significantly, including the ratio of schizonts to hypnozoites formed and the frequency and timing of relapse. Evidence suggests that both parasite genetics and environmental factors underly this heterogeneity. We previously demonstrated that data on the effect of a panel of kinase inhibitors with overlapping targets on Plasmodium liver stage infection, in combination with a computational approach called kinase regression (KiR), can be used to uncover novel host regulators of infection. Here, we applied KiR to evaluate the extent to which P. vivax liver-stage parasites are susceptible to changes in host kinase activity. We identified a role for a subset of host kinases in regulating schizont and hypnozoite infection and schizont size and characterized overlap as well as variability in host phosphosignaling dependencies between parasite forms and across multiple patient isolates. Striking, our data point to variability in host dependencies across P. vivax isolates, suggesting one possible origin of the heterogeneity observed across P. vivax in the field.
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Vallintine T, van Ooij C. Distribution of malaria parasite-derived phosphatidylcholine in the infected erythrocyte. mSphere 2023; 8:e0013123. [PMID: 37606582 PMCID: PMC10597409 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00131-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites modify their host erythrocyte in multiple ways, leading to changes in the deformability, adhesiveness, and permeability of the host erythrocyte. Most of these changes are mediated by proteins exported from the parasite to the host erythrocyte, where these proteins interact with the host cell cytoskeleton or form complexes in the plasma membrane of the infected erythrocyte. In addition, malaria parasites induce the formation of membranous compartments-the parasitophorous vacuole, the tubovesicular network (TVN), the Maurer's clefts and small vesicles-within the infected erythrocyte, a cell that is normally devoid of internal membranes. After infection, changes also occur in the composition and asymmetry of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Although many aspects of the mechanism of export of parasite proteins have become clear, the mechanism by which these membranous compartments are formed and expanded is almost entirely unknown. To determine whether parasite-derived phospholipids play a part in these processes, we applied a metabolic labeling technique that allows phosphatidylcholine to be labeled with a fluorophore. As the host erythrocyte cannot synthesize phospholipids, within infected erythrocytes, only parasite-derived phosphatidylcholine will be labeled with this technique. The results revealed that phosphatidylcholine produced by the parasite is distributed throughout the infected erythrocyte, including the TVN and the erythrocyte plasma membrane, but not Maurer's clefts. Interestingly, labeled phospholipids were also detected in the erythrocyte plasma membrane very soon after invasion of the parasites, indicating that the parasite may add phospholipids to the host erythrocyte during invasion. IMPORTANCE Here, we describe a previously unappreciated way in which the malaria parasite interacts with the host erythrocyte, namely, by the transfer of parasite phospholipids to the erythrocyte plasma membrane. This likely has important consequences for the survival of the parasite in the host cell and the host organism. We show that parasite-derived phospholipids are transferred from the parasite to the host erythrocyte plasma membrane and that other internal membranes that are produced after the parasite has invaded the cell are produced, at least in part, using parasite-derived phospholipids. The one exception to this is the Maurer's cleft, a membranous organelle that is involved in the transport of parasite proteins to the surface of the erythrocyte. This reveals that the Maurer's cleft is produced in a different manner than the other parasite-induced membranes. Overall, these findings provide a platform for the study of a new aspect of the host-parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansy Vallintine
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christiaan van Ooij
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious Disease, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Su Y, Liu M, Li M, Han Z, Lü D, Zhang Y, Zhu F, Shen Z, Qian P, Tang X. Metabolomic analysis of lipid changes in Bombyx mori infected with Nosema bombycis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104750. [PMID: 37329996 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a model species of lepidopteran insect. Microsporidium spp. are obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites. Infection by the microsporidian Nosema bombycis (Nb) results in an outbreak of Pébrine disease in silkworms and causes substantial losses to the sericulture industry. It has been suggested that Nb depends on nutrients from host cells for spore growth. However, little is known about changes in lipid levels after Nb infection. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was performed to analyze the effect of Nb infection on lipid metabolism in the midgut of silkworms. A total of 1601 individual lipid molecules were detected in the midgut of silkworms, of which 15 were significantly decreased after Nb challenge. Classification, chain length, and chain saturation analysis revealed that these 15 differential lipids can be classified into different lipid subclasses, of which 13 belong to glycerol phospholipid lipids and two belong to glyceride esters. The results indicated that Nb uses the host lipids to complete its own replication, and the acquisition of host lipid subclasses is selective; not all lipid subclasses are required for microsporidium growth or proliferation. Based on lipid metabolism data, phosphatidylcholine (PC) was found to be an important nutrient for Nb replication. Diet supplementation with lecithin substantially promoted the replication of Nb. Knockdown and overexpression of the key enzyme phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) and phosphatidylcholine (Bbc) for PC synthesis also confirmed that PC is necessary for Nb replication. Our results showed that most lipids in the host midgut decreased when silkworms were infected with Nb. Reduction of or supplementation with PC may be a strategy to suppress or promote microsporidial replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Su
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengjin Liu
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingze Li
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhenghao Han
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dingding Lü
- Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, 212028, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Qian
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Akossi RF, Delbac F, El Alaoui H, Wawrzyniak I, Peyretaillade E. The intracellular parasite Anncaliia algerae induces a massive miRNA down-regulation in human cells. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:363-375. [PMID: 37275245 PMCID: PMC10238475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anncaliia algerae belongs to microsporidia, a group of obligate intracellular parasites related to fungi. These parasites are largely spread in water and food-webs and can infect a wide variety of hosts ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates including humans. In humans, microsporidian infections are mainly opportunistic as immunocompetent hosts can clear parasites naturally. Recent studies however have reported persistent microsporidian infections and have highlighted them as a risk factor in colon cancer. This may be a direct result of cell infection or may be an indirect effect of the infectious microenvironment and the host's response. In both cases, this raises the question of the effects of microsporidian infection at the host and host-cell levels. We aimed to address the question of human host intracellular response to microsporidian infection through a transcriptomic kinetic study of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) infected with A.algerae, a human infecting microsporidia with an exceptionally wide host range. We focused solely on host response studying both coding and small non-coding miRNA expression. Our study revealed a generalized down-regulation of cell miRNAs throughout infection with up to 547 different miRNAs downregulated at some timepoints and also transcriptomic dysregulations that could facilitate parasite development with immune and lipid metabolism genes modulation. We also hypothesize possible small nucleic acid expropriation explaining the miRNA downregulation. This work contributes to a better understanding of the dialogue that can occur between an intracellular parasite and its host at the cellular level, and can guide future studies on microsporidian infection biology to unravel the mode of action of these minimalist parasites at the tissue or host levels.We have also generated a kinetic and comprehensive transcriptomic data set of an infectious process that can help support comparative studies in the broader field of parasitology. Lastly, these results may warrant for caution regarding microsporidian exposure and persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Florian Akossi
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fréderic Delbac
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hicham El Alaoui
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ivan Wawrzyniak
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Peyretaillade
- Laboratoire “Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement” (LMGE), UMR 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne and CNRS, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gao H, Jiang Y, Wang L, Wang G, Hu W, Dong L, Wang S. Outer membrane vesicles from a mosquito commensal mediate targeted killing of Plasmodium parasites via the phosphatidylcholine scavenging pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5157. [PMID: 37620328 PMCID: PMC10449815 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a crucial modulator of Plasmodium infection in mosquitoes, including the production of anti-Plasmodium effector proteins. But how the commensal-derived effectors are translocated into Plasmodium parasites remains obscure. Here we show that a natural Plasmodium blocking symbiotic bacterium Serratia ureilytica Su_YN1 delivers the effector lipase AmLip to Plasmodium parasites via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). After a blood meal, host serum strongly induces Su_YN1 to release OMVs and the antimalarial effector protein AmLip into the mosquito gut. AmLip is first secreted into the extracellular space via the T1SS and then preferentially loaded on the OMVs that selectively target the malaria parasite, leading to targeted killing of the parasites. Notably, these serum-induced OMVs incorporate certain serum-derived lipids, such as phosphatidylcholine, which is critical for OMV uptake by Plasmodium via the phosphatidylcholine scavenging pathway. These findings reveal that this gut symbiotic bacterium evolved to deliver secreted effector molecules in the form of extracellular vesicles to selectively attack parasites and render mosquitoes refractory to Plasmodium infection. The discovery of the role of gut commensal-derived OMVs as carriers in cross-kingdom communication between mosquito microbiota and Plasmodium parasites offers a potential innovative strategy for blocking malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guandong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sibao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Anschütz NH, Gerbig S, Ghezellou P, Silva LMR, Vélez JD, Hermosilla CR, Taubert A, Spengler B. Mass Spectrometry Imaging of In Vitro Cryptosporidium parvum-Infected Cells and Host Tissue. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1200. [PMID: 37627264 PMCID: PMC10452350 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic-relevant parasite belonging to the phylum Alveolata (subphylum Apicomplexa). One of the most zoonotic-relevant etiologies of cryptosporidiosis is the species C. parvum, infecting humans, cattle and wildlife. C. parvum-infected intestinal mucosa as well as host cells infected in vitro have not yet been the subject of extensive biochemical investigation. Efficient treatment options or vaccines against cryptosporidiosis are currently not available. Human cryptosporidiosis is currently known as a neglected poverty-related disease (PRD), being potentially fatal in young children or immunocompromised patients. In this study, we used a combination of atmospheric pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-SMALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to determine and locate molecular biomarkers in in vitro C. parvum-infected host cells as well as parasitized neonatal calf intestines. Sections of C. parvum-infected and non-infected host cell pellets and infected intestines were examined to determine potential biomarkers. Human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8) were used as a suitable in vitro host cell system. More than a thousand different molecular signals were found in both positive- and negative-ion mode, which were significantly increased in C. parvum-infected material. A database search in combination with HPLC-MS/MS experiments was employed for the structural verification of markers. Our results demonstrate some overlap between the identified markers and data obtained from earlier studies on other apicomplexan parasites. Statistically relevant biomarkers were imaged in cell layers of C. parvum-infected and non-infected host cells with 5 µm pixel size and in bovine intestinal tissue with 10 µm pixel size. This allowed us to substantiate their relevance once again. Taken together, the present approach delivers novel metabolic insights on neglected cryptosporidiosis affecting mainly children in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils H. Anschütz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.H.A.); (S.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Stefanie Gerbig
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.H.A.); (S.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Parviz Ghezellou
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.H.A.); (S.G.); (P.G.)
| | - Liliana M. R. Silva
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (L.M.R.S.); (J.D.V.); (C.R.H.); (A.T.)
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health & Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Juan Diego Vélez
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (L.M.R.S.); (J.D.V.); (C.R.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Carlos R. Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (L.M.R.S.); (J.D.V.); (C.R.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (L.M.R.S.); (J.D.V.); (C.R.H.); (A.T.)
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.H.A.); (S.G.); (P.G.)
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Asantewaa G, Anabire NG, Bauer M, Weis S, Neugebauer S, Quaye O, Helegbe GK. Serum Metabolome Signatures Characterizing Co-Infection of Plasmodium falciparum and HBV in Pregnant Women. Diseases 2023; 11:94. [PMID: 37489446 PMCID: PMC10366841 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is on the rise among pregnant women in northern Ghana. Mono-infection with either of these two pathogens results in unique metabolic alterations. Thus, we aimed to explicate the effects of this co-infection on the metabolome signatures of pregnant women, which would indicate the impacted metabolic pathways and provide useful prognostic or diagnostic markers. Using an MS/MS-based targeted metabolomic approach, we determined the serum metabolome in pregnant women with P. falciparum mono-infection, HBV mono-infection, P. falciparum, and HBV co-infection and in uninfected (control) women. We observed significantly decreased sphingolipid concentrations in subjects with P. falciparum mono-infection, whereas amino acids and phospholipids were decreased in subjects with HBV mono-infection. Co-infections were found to be characterized distinctively by reduced concentrations of phospholipids and hexoses (mostly glucose) as well as altered pathways that contribute to redox homeostasis. Overall, PC ae C40:1 was found to be a good discriminatory metabolite for the co-infection group. PC ae C40:1 can further be explored for use in the diagnosis and treatment of malaria and chronic hepatitis B co-morbidity as well as to distinguish co-infections from cases of mono-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Asantewaa
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Nsoh Godwin Anabire
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (S.W.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany; (M.B.); (S.W.)
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Leibniz Institute for Infection Biology and Natural Product Research, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll Institute (HKI), 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany;
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
| | - Gideon Kofi Helegbe
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra P.O. Box LG54, Ghana; (G.A.); (N.G.A.); (O.Q.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1350, Ghana
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Mittal N, Davis C, McLean P, Calla J, Godinez-Macias KP, Gardner A, Healey D, Orjuela-Sanchez P, Ottilie S, Chong Y, Gibson C, Winzeler EA. Human nuclear hormone receptor activity contributes to malaria parasite liver stage development. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:486-498.e7. [PMID: 37172592 PMCID: PMC10878326 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemical genetic approaches have had a transformative impact on discovery of drug targets for malaria but have primarily been used for parasite targets. To identify human pathways required for intrahepatic development of parasite, we implemented multiplex cytological profiling of malaria infected hepatocytes treated with liver stage active compounds. Some compounds, including MMV1088447 and MMV1346624, exhibited profiles similar to cells treated with nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) agonist/antagonists. siRNAs targeting human NHRs, or their signaling partners identified eight genes that were critical for Plasmodium berghei infection. Knockdown of NR1D2, a host NHR, significantly impaired parasite growth by downregulation of host lipid metabolism. Importantly, treatment with MMV1088447 and MMV1346624 but not other antimalarials, phenocopied the lipid metabolism defect of NR1D2 knockdown. Our data underlines the use of high-content imaging for host-cellular pathway deconvolution, highlights host lipid metabolism as a drug-able human pathway and provides new chemical biology tools for studying host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Mittal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Chadwick Davis
- Recursion, 41 S Rio Grande Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA
| | - Peter McLean
- Recursion, 41 S Rio Grande Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA
| | - Jaeson Calla
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Karla P Godinez-Macias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alison Gardner
- Recursion, 41 S Rio Grande Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA
| | - David Healey
- Recursion, 41 S Rio Grande Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA
| | - Pamela Orjuela-Sanchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Recursion, 41 S Rio Grande Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA
| | - Sabine Ottilie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yolanda Chong
- Recursion, 41 S Rio Grande Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Winzeler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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11
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Sheokand PK, Yamaryo-Botté Y, Narwal M, Arnold CS, Thakur V, Islam MM, Banday MM, Asad M, Botté CY, Mohmmed A. A Plasmodium falciparum lysophospholipase regulates host fatty acid flux via parasite lipid storage to enable controlled asexual schizogony. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112251. [PMID: 37015228 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid metabolism is crucial for membrane biogenesis and homeostasis of Plasmodium falciparum. To generate such phospholipids, the parasite extensively scavenges, recycles, and reassembles host lipids. P. falciparum possesses an unusually large number of lysophospholipases, whose roles and importance remain to be elucidated. Here, we functionally characterize one P. falciparum lysophospholipase, PfLPL3, to reveal its key role in parasite propagation during asexual blood stages. PfLPL3 displays a dynamic localization throughout asexual stages, mainly localizing in the host-parasite interface. Inducible knockdown of PfLPL3 disrupts parasite development from trophozoites to schizont, inducing a drastic reduction in merozoite progenies. Detailed lipidomic analyses show that PfLPL3 generates fatty acids from scavenged host lipids to generate neutral lipids. These are then timely mobilized to allow schizogony and merozoite formation. We then identify inhibitors of PfLPL3 from Medicine for Malaria Venture (MMV) with potent antimalarial activity, which could also serve as pertinent chemical tools to study parasite lipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Sheokand
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté
- ApicoLipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, Grenoble, France
| | - Monika Narwal
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Christophe-Sébastien Arnold
- ApicoLipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, Grenoble, France
| | - Vandana Thakur
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Md Muzahidul Islam
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Mudassir M Banday
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Mohd Asad
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Cyrille Y Botté
- ApicoLipid Team, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1209, Grenoble, France.
| | - Asif Mohmmed
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110 067, India.
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12
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Lahree A, Mello-Vieira J, Mota MM. The nutrient games - Plasmodium metabolism during hepatic development. Trends Parasitol 2023; 39:445-460. [PMID: 37061442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a febrile illness caused by species of the protozoan parasite Plasmodium and is characterized by recursive infections of erythrocytes, leading to clinical symptoms and pathology. In mammals, Plasmodium parasites undergo a compulsory intrahepatic development stage before infecting erythrocytes. Liver-stage parasites have a metabolic configuration to facilitate the replication of several thousand daughter parasites. Their metabolism is of interest to identify cellular pathways essential for liver infection, to kill the parasite before onset of the disease. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on nutrient acquisition and biosynthesis by liver-stage parasites mostly generated in murine malaria models, gaps in knowledge, and challenges to create a holistic view of the development and deficiencies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Lahree
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - João Mello-Vieira
- Institute of Biochemistry II, School of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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13
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Vijayan K, Arang N, Wei L, Morrison R, Geiger R, Parks KR, Lewis AJ, Mast FD, Douglass AN, Kain HS, Aitchison JD, Johnson JS, Aderem A, Kaushansky A. A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies CENPJ as a host regulator of altered microtubule organization during Plasmodium liver infection. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1419-1433.e5. [PMID: 35738280 PMCID: PMC9481707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prior to initiating symptomatic malaria, a single Plasmodium sporozoite infects a hepatocyte and develops into thousands of merozoites, in part by scavenging host resources, likely delivered by vesicles. Here, we demonstrate that host microtubules (MTs) dynamically reorganize around the developing liver stage (LS) parasite to facilitate vesicular transport to the parasite. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identified host regulators of cytoskeleton organization, vesicle trafficking, and ER/Golgi stress that regulate LS development. Foci of γ-tubulin localized to the parasite periphery; depletion of centromere protein J (CENPJ), a novel regulator identified in the screen, exacerbated this re-localization and increased infection. We demonstrate that the Golgi acts as a non-centrosomal MT organizing center (ncMTOC) by positioning γ-tubulin and stimulating MT nucleation at parasite periphery. Together, these data support a model where the Plasmodium LS recruits host Golgi to form MT-mediated conduits along which host organelles are recruited to PVM and support parasite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nadia Arang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert Morrison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rechel Geiger
- MSTP Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Rachael Parks
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam J Lewis
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fred D Mast
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alyse N Douglass
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather S Kain
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Ruberto AA, Maher SP, Vantaux A, Joyner CJ, Bourke C, Balan B, Jex A, Mueller I, Witkowski B, Kyle DE. Single-cell RNA profiling of Plasmodium vivax-infected hepatocytes reveals parasite- and host- specific transcriptomic signatures and therapeutic targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:986314. [PMID: 36093191 PMCID: PMC9453201 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.986314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The resilience of Plasmodium vivax, the most widely-distributed malaria-causing parasite in humans, is attributed to its ability to produce dormant liver forms known as hypnozoites, which can activate weeks, months, or even years after an initial mosquito bite. The factors underlying hypnozoite formation and activation are poorly understood, as is the parasite's influence on the host hepatocyte. Here, we shed light on transcriptome-wide signatures of both the parasite and the infected host cell by sequencing over 1,000 P. vivax-infected hepatocytes at single-cell resolution. We distinguish between replicating schizonts and hypnozoites at the transcriptional level, identifying key differences in transcripts encoding for RNA-binding proteins associated with cell fate. In infected hepatocytes, we show that genes associated with energy metabolism and antioxidant stress response are upregulated, and those involved in the host immune response downregulated, suggesting both schizonts and hypnozoites alter the host intracellular environment. The transcriptional markers in schizonts, hypnozoites, and infected hepatocytes revealed here pinpoint potential factors underlying dormancy and can inform therapeutic targets against P. vivax liver-stage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony A. Ruberto
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Steven P. Maher
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Amélie Vantaux
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chester J. Joyner
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Caitlin Bourke
- Population Health & Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Balu Balan
- Population Health & Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Aaron Jex
- Population Health & Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health & Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Benoit Witkowski
- Malaria Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dennis E. Kyle
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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15
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Schroeder EA, Chirgwin ME, Derbyshire ER. Plasmodium's fight for survival: escaping elimination while acquiring nutrients. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:544-557. [PMID: 35534377 PMCID: PMC9187605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites extensively alter their host hepatocyte to evade host detection and support an unprecedented replication rate. Host cell manipulation includes association with the host early and late endomembrane systems, where Plasmodium accesses nutrients while suppressing cellular immune processes. Early endomembrane organelles provide an opportunity to sequester an abundance of lipids and proteins, but the association with late endomembrane organelles also risks autophagy-mediated elimination. While not all parasites survive, those that do benefit from a plethora of nutrients provided through this pathway. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how Plasmodium parasites balance the need for host nutrients while avoiding elimination during the liver stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Schroeder
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Emily R Derbyshire
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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16
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Lahree A, Baptista SDJS, Marques S, Perschin V, Zuzarte-Luís V, Goel M, Choudhary HH, Mishra S, Stigloher C, Zerial M, Sundaramurthy V, Mota MM. Active APPL1 sequestration by Plasmodium favors liver-stage development. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110886. [PMID: 35649358 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens manipulate host cells to survive and thrive. Cellular sensing and signaling pathways are among the key host machineries deregulated to favor infection. In this study, we show that liver-stage Plasmodium parasites compete with the host to sequester a host endosomal-adaptor protein (APPL1) known to regulate signaling in response to endocytosis. The enrichment of APPL1 at the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) involves an atypical Plasmodium Rab5 isoform (Rab5b). Depletion of host APPL1 alters neither the infection nor parasite development; however, upon overexpression of a GTPase-deficient host Rab5 mutant (hRab5_Q79L), the parasites are smaller and their PVM is stripped of APPL1. Infection with the GTPase-deficient Plasmodium berghei Rab5b mutant (PbRab5b_Q91L) in this case rescues the PVM APPL1 signal and parasite size. In summary, we observe a robust correlation between the level of APPL1 retention at the PVM and parasite size during exoerythrocytic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Lahree
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular- João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Departamento de Bioengenharia, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara de Jesus Santos Baptista
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular- João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular- João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Veronika Perschin
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular- João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manisha Goel
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (NCBS), Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Hadi Hasan Choudhary
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Mishra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (MPI-CBG), Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Varadharajan Sundaramurthy
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (NCBS), Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular- João Lobo Antunes (iMM-JLA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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17
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Matteucci KC, Correa AAS, Costa DL. Recent Advances in Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis and Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:905278. [PMID: 35669122 PMCID: PMC9163498 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and malaria, caused by parasites from the Plasmodium genus, are two of the major causes of death due to infectious diseases in the world. Both diseases are treatable with drugs that have microbicidal properties against each of the etiologic agents. However, problems related to treatment compliance by patients and emergence of drug resistant microorganisms have been a major problem for combating TB and malaria. This factor is further complicated by the absence of highly effective vaccines that can prevent the infection with either M. tuberculosis or Plasmodium. However, certain host biological processes have been found to play a role in the promotion of infection or in the pathogenesis of each disease. These processes can be targeted by host-directed therapies (HDTs), which can be administered in conjunction with the standard drug treatments for each pathogen, aiming to accelerate their elimination or to minimize detrimental side effects resulting from exacerbated inflammation. In this review we discuss potential new targets for the development of HDTs revealed by recent advances in the knowledge of host-pathogen interaction biology, and present an overview of strategies that have been tested in vivo, either in experimental models or in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kely C. Matteucci
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André A. S. Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Diego L. Costa,
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18
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M’Bana V, Lahree A, Marques S, Slavic K, Mota MM. Plasmodium parasitophorous vacuole membrane-resident protein UIS4 manipulates host cell actin to avoid parasite elimination. iScience 2022; 25:104281. [PMID: 35573190 PMCID: PMC9095750 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasite-derived PVM-resident proteins are critical for complete parasite development inside hepatocytes, although the function of most of these proteins remains unknown. Here, we show that the upregulated in infectious sporozoites 4 (UIS4) protein, resident at the PVM, interacts with the host cell actin. By suppressing filamentous actin formation, UIS4 avoids parasite elimination. Host cell actin dynamics increases around UIS4-deficient parasites, which is associated with subsequent parasite elimination. Notably, parasite elimination is impaired significantly by the inhibition of host myosin-II, possibly through relieving the compression generated by actomyosin complexes at the host-parasite interface. Together, these data reveal that UIS4 has a critical role in the evasion of host defensive mechanisms, enabling hence EEF survival and development. Plasmodium PVM-resident protein UIS4 interacts with host cell actin Host actin dynamics is altered around exoerythocytic forms (EEFs) lacking UIS4 Actin activity around EEFs lacking UIS4 is associated with parasite elimination Parasite elimination depends on actomyosin complexes formed around the PVM
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19
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Disrupting a Plasmodium berghei putative phospholipase impairs efficient egress of merosomes. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:547-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Portugal S, Rodriguez A, Prudêncio M. Maria M. Mota: Bringing Plasmodium Liver Infection to the Centre Stage of Malaria Research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851484. [PMID: 35211424 PMCID: PMC8860983 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Miguel Prudêncio,
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21
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Lipids in Pathophysiology and Development of the Membrane Lipid Therapy: New Bioactive Lipids. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120919. [PMID: 34940418 PMCID: PMC8708953 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Membranes are mainly composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins, constituting a checkpoint for the entry and passage of signals and other molecules. Their composition can be modulated by diet, pathophysiological processes, and nutritional/pharmaceutical interventions. In addition to their use as an energy source, lipids have important structural and functional roles, e.g., fatty acyl moieties in phospholipids have distinct impacts on human health depending on their saturation, carbon length, and isometry. These and other membrane lipids have quite specific effects on the lipid bilayer structure, which regulates the interaction with signaling proteins. Alterations to lipids have been associated with important diseases, and, consequently, normalization of these alterations or regulatory interventions that control membrane lipid composition have therapeutic potential. This approach, termed membrane lipid therapy or membrane lipid replacement, has emerged as a novel technology platform for nutraceutical interventions and drug discovery. Several clinical trials and therapeutic products have validated this technology based on the understanding of membrane structure and function. The present review analyzes the molecular basis of this innovative approach, describing how membrane lipid composition and structure affects protein-lipid interactions, cell signaling, disease, and therapy (e.g., fatigue and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, tumor, infectious diseases).
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22
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Abstract
Host-directed therapy (HDT) is gaining traction as a strategy to combat infectious diseases caused by viruses and intracellular bacteria, but its implementation in the context of parasitic diseases has received less attention. Here, we provide a brief overview of this field and advocate HDT as a promising strategy for antimalarial intervention based on untapped targets. HDT provides a basis from which repurposed drugs could be rapidly deployed and is likely to strongly limit the emergence of resistance. This strategy can be applied to any intracellular pathogen and is particularly well placed in situations in which rapid identification of treatments is needed, such as emerging infections and pandemics, as starkly illustrated by the current COVID-19 crisis.
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23
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Ressurreição M, van Ooij C. Lipid transport proteins in malaria, from Plasmodium parasites to their hosts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159047. [PMID: 34461309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic unicellular pathogens from the genus Plasmodium are the etiological agents of malaria, a disease that persists over a wide range of vertebrate species, including humans. During its dynamic lifecycle, survival in the different hosts depends on the parasite's ability to establish a suitable environmental milieu. To achieve this, specific host processes are exploited to support optimal growth, including extensive modifications to the infected host cell. These modifications include the formation of novel membranous structures, which are induced by the parasite. Consequently, to maintain a finely tuned and dynamic lipid environment, the organisation and distribution of lipids to different cell sites likely requires specialised lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Indeed, several parasite and host-derived LTPs have been identified and shown to be essential at specific stages. Here we describe the roles of LTPs in parasite development and adaptation to its host including how the latest studies are profiting from the improved genetic, lipidomic and imaging toolkits available to study Plasmodium parasites. Lastly, a list of predicted Plasmodium LTPs is provided to encourage research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Ressurreição
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
| | - Christiaan van Ooij
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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Vijayan K, Wei L, Glennon EKK, Mattocks C, Bourgeois N, Staker B, Kaushansky A. Host-targeted Interventions as an Exciting Opportunity to Combat Malaria. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10452-10468. [PMID: 34197083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Terminal and benign diseases alike in adults, children, pregnant women, and others are successfully treated by pharmacological inhibitors that target human enzymes. Despite extensive global efforts to fight malaria, the disease continues to be a massive worldwide health burden, and new interventional strategies are needed. Current drugs and vector control strategies have contributed to the reduction in malaria deaths over the past 10 years, but progress toward eradication has waned in recent years. Resistance to antimalarial drugs is a substantial and growing problem. Moreover, targeting dormant forms of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax is only possible with two approved drugs, which are both contraindicated for individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and in pregnant women. Plasmodium parasites are obligate intracellular parasites and thus have specific and absolute requirements of their hosts. Growing evidence has described these host necessities, paving the way for opportunities to pharmacologically target host factors to eliminate Plasmodium infection. Here, we describe progress in malaria research and adjacent fields and discuss key challenges that remain in implementing host-directed therapy against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Wei
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | | | - Christa Mattocks
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Natasha Bourgeois
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Bart Staker
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.,Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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25
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De Niz M, Caldelari R, Kaiser G, Zuber B, Heo WD, Heussler VT, Agop-Nersesian C. Hijacking of the host cell Golgi by Plasmodium berghei liver stage parasites. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs252213. [PMID: 34013963 PMCID: PMC8186485 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular lifestyle represents a challenge for the rapidly proliferating liver stage Plasmodium parasite. In order to scavenge host resources, Plasmodium has evolved the ability to target and manipulate host cell organelles. Using dynamic fluorescence-based imaging, we here show an interplay between the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium berghei and the host cell Golgi during liver stage development. Liver stage schizonts fragment the host cell Golgi into miniaturized stacks, which increases surface interactions with the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane of the parasite. Expression of specific dominant-negative Arf1 and Rab GTPases, which interfere with the host cell Golgi-linked vesicular machinery, results in developmental delay and diminished survival of liver stage parasites. Moreover, functional Rab11a is critical for the ability of the parasites to induce Golgi fragmentation. Altogether, we demonstrate that the structural integrity of the host cell Golgi and Golgi-associated vesicular traffic is important for optimal pre-erythrocytic development of P. berghei. The parasite hijacks the Golgi structure of the hepatocyte to optimize its own intracellular development. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana De Niz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reto Caldelari
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gesine Kaiser
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Zuber
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Won Do Heo
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Volker T. Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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26
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Haase S, Condron M, Miller D, Cherkaoui D, Jordan S, Gulbis JM, Baum J. Identification and characterisation of a phospholipid scramblase in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2021; 243:111374. [PMID: 33974939 PMCID: PMC8202325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the emerging role of lipids as important messengers in malaria parasite biology. In an attempt to identify interacting proteins and regulators of these dynamic and versatile molecules, we hypothesised the involvement of phospholipid translocases and their substrates in the infection of the host erythrocyte by the malaria parasite Plasmodium spp. Here, using a data base searching approach of the Plasmodium Genomics Resources (www.plasmodb.org), we have identified a putative phospholipid (PL) scramblase in P. falciparum (PfPLSCR) that is conserved across the genus and in closely related unicellular algae. By reconstituting recombinant PfPLSCR into liposomes, we demonstrate metal ion dependent PL translocase activity and substrate preference, confirming PfPLSCR as a bona fide scramblase. We show that PfPLSCR is expressed during asexual and sexual parasite development, localising to different membranous compartments of the parasite throughout the intra-erythrocytic life cycle. Two different gene knockout approaches, however, suggest that PfPLSCR is not essential for erythrocyte invasion and asexual parasite development, pointing towards a possible role in other stages of the parasite life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Haase
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, UK.
| | - Melanie Condron
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Miller
- Division of Structural Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dounia Cherkaoui
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Sarah Jordan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Gulbis
- Division of Structural Biology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jake Baum
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, UK.
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27
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Kumar M, Skillman K, Duraisingh MT. Linking nutrient sensing and gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage parasites. Mol Microbiol 2020; 115:891-900. [PMID: 33236377 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the most life-threatening infectious diseases worldwide, caused by infection of humans with parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The complex life cycle of Plasmodium parasites is shared between two hosts, with infection of multiple cell types, and the parasite needs to adapt for survival and transmission through significantly different metabolic environments. Within the blood-stage alone, parasites encounter changing levels of key nutrients, including sugars, amino acids, and lipids, due to differences in host dietary nutrition, cellular tropism, and pathogenesis. In this review, we consider the mechanisms that the most lethal of malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, uses to sense nutrient levels and elicit changes in gene expression during blood-stage infections. These changes are brought about by several metabolic intermediates and their corresponding sensor proteins. Sensing of distinct nutritional signals can drive P. falciparum to alter the key blood-stage processes of proliferation, antigenic variation, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen Skillman
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj T Duraisingh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Shaw WR, Holmdahl IE, Itoe MA, Werling K, Marquette M, Paton DG, Singh N, Buckee CO, Childs LM, Catteruccia F. Multiple blood feeding in mosquitoes shortens the Plasmodium falciparum incubation period and increases malaria transmission potential. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1009131. [PMID: 33382824 PMCID: PMC7774842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mosquito species, including the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, naturally undergo multiple reproductive cycles of blood feeding, egg development and egg laying in their lifespan. Such complex mosquito behavior is regularly overlooked when mosquitoes are experimentally infected with malaria parasites, limiting our ability to accurately describe potential effects on transmission. Here, we examine how Plasmodium falciparum development and transmission potential is impacted when infected mosquitoes feed an additional time. We measured P. falciparum oocyst size and performed sporozoite time course analyses to determine the parasite's extrinsic incubation period (EIP), i.e. the time required by parasites to reach infectious sporozoite stages, in An. gambiae females blood fed either once or twice. An additional blood feed at 3 days post infection drastically accelerates oocyst growth rates, causing earlier sporozoite accumulation in the salivary glands, thereby shortening the EIP (reduction of 2.3 ± 0.4 days). Moreover, parasite growth is further accelerated in transgenic mosquitoes with reduced reproductive capacity, which mimic genetic modifications currently proposed in population suppression gene drives. We incorporate our shortened EIP values into a measure of transmission potential, the basic reproduction number R0, and find the average R0 is higher (range: 10.1%-12.1% increase) across sub-Saharan Africa than when using traditional EIP measurements. These data suggest that malaria elimination may be substantially more challenging and that younger mosquitoes or those with reduced reproductive ability may provide a larger contribution to infection than currently believed. Our findings have profound implications for current and future mosquito control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Robert Shaw
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Inga E. Holmdahl
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maurice A. Itoe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kristine Werling
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meghan Marquette
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas G. Paton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Naresh Singh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Caroline O. Buckee
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Childs
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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29
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O'Neal AJ, Butler LR, Rolandelli A, Gilk SD, Pedra JH. Lipid hijacking: a unifying theme in vector-borne diseases. eLife 2020; 9:61675. [PMID: 33118933 PMCID: PMC7595734 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne illnesses comprise a significant portion of human maladies, representing 17% of global infections. Transmission of vector-borne pathogens to mammals primarily occurs by hematophagous arthropods. It is speculated that blood may provide a unique environment that aids in the replication and pathogenesis of these microbes. Lipids and their derivatives are one component enriched in blood and are essential for microbial survival. For instance, the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, among others, have been shown to scavenge and manipulate host lipids for structural support, metabolism, replication, immune evasion, and disease severity. In this Review, we will explore the importance of lipid hijacking for the growth and persistence of these microbes in both mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya J O'Neal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - L Rainer Butler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Agustin Rolandelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Stacey D Gilk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Joao Hf Pedra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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30
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Ancajas CF, Ricks TJ, Best MD. Metabolic labeling of glycerophospholipids via clickable analogs derivatized at the lipid headgroup. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 232:104971. [PMID: 32898510 PMCID: PMC7606648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic labeling, in which substrate analogs containing diminutive tags can infiltrate biosynthetic pathways and generate labeled products in cells, has led to dramatic advancements in the means by which complex biomolecules can be detected and biological processes can be elucidated. Within this realm, metabolic labeling of lipid products, particularly in a manner that is headgroup-specific, brings about a number of technical challenges including the complexity of lipid metabolic pathways as well as the simplicity of biosynthetic precursors to headgroup functionality. As such, only a handful of strategies for metabolic labeling of lipids have thus far been reported. However, these approaches provide enticing examples of how strategic modifications to substrate structures, particularly by introducing clickable moieties, can enable the hijacking of lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, early work in this field has led to an explosion in diverse applications by which these techniques have been exploited to answer key biological questions or detect and track various lipid-containing biological entities. In this article, we review these efforts and emphasize recent advancements in the development and application of lipid metabolic labeling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle F Ancajas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tanei J Ricks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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31
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Obaldía N, Nuñez M. On the survival of 48 h Plasmodium vivax Aotus monkey-derived ex vivo cultures: the role of leucocytes filtration and chemically defined lipid concentrate media supplementation. Malar J 2020; 19:278. [PMID: 32746814 PMCID: PMC7398384 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Filtration of leukocytes (WBCs) is a standard practice of malaria ex vivo cultures. To date, few studies have considered the effect of filtration or the lack thereof on the survival of Plasmodium vivax ex vivo cultures through one cycle of maturation. This study investigates the effect of WBC filtration and culture media supplementation on the survival of 48–72 h ex vivo cultures. Methods Using parasitaemia density, the study compares the survival of Plasmodipur® filtered, filter-retained or washed ex vivo cultures, maintained with McCoy’s5A medium supplemented with 25% serum alone or 20% in combination with 5% chemically defined lipid concentrate (CDLC), and in washed ex vivo cultures plus GlutaMAX™, benchmarked against IMDM™ or AIM-V™ media; also, assessed the survival of ex vivo cultures co-cultivated with human red blood cells (hRBCs). Results After 48 h of incubation a statistically significant difference was detected in the survival proportions of filtered and the filter-retained ex vivo cultures supplemented with serum plus CDLC (p = 0.0255), but not with serum alone (p = 0.1646). To corroborate these finding, parasitaemias of washed ex vivo cultures maintained with McCoy’s5A complete medium were benchmarked against IMDM™ or AIM-V™ media; again, a statistically significant difference was detected in the cultures supplemented with CDLC and GlutaMAX™ (p = 0.03), but not when supplemented with either alone; revealing a pattern of McCoy’s5A medium supplementation for Aotus-derived P. vivax cultures as follows: serum < serum + GlutaMAX™ < serum + CDLC < serum + CDLC + GlutaMAX™; confirming a key role of CDLC in combination with GlutaMAX™ in the enhanced survival observed. Lastly, results showed that co-cultivation with malaria-naïve hRBCs improved the survival of ex vivo cultures. Conclusions This study demonstrates that WBC filtration is not essential for the survival of P. vivax ex vivo cultures. It also demonstrates that McCoy’s5A complete medium improves the survival of Aotus-derived P. vivax ex vivo cultures, with no significant difference in survival compared to IMDM and AIM-V media. Finally, the study demonstrates that co-cultivation with hRBCs enhances the survival of ex vivo cultures. These findings are expected to help optimize seeding material for long-term P. vivax in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicanor Obaldía
- Center for the Evaluation of Antimalarial Drugs and Vaccines, Tropical Medicine Research/Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama city, Panama. .,Center for Global Health & Infectious Diseases Research, Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. .,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marlon Nuñez
- Center for the Evaluation of Antimalarial Drugs and Vaccines, Tropical Medicine Research/Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama city, Panama
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Maner-Smith KM, Goll JB, Khadka M, Jensen TL, Colucci JK, Gelber CE, Albert CJ, Bosinger SE, Franke JD, Natrajan M, Rouphael N, Johnson RA, Sanz P, Anderson EJ, Hoft DF, Mulligan MJ, Ford DA, Ortlund EA. Alterations in the Human Plasma Lipidome in Response to Tularemia Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030414. [PMID: 32722213 PMCID: PMC7564507 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a highly infectious and contagious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. To better understand human response to a live-attenuated tularemia vaccine and the biological pathways altered post-vaccination, healthy adults were vaccinated, and plasma was collected pre- and post-vaccination for longitudinal lipidomics studies. Using tandem mass spectrometry, we fully characterized individual lipid species within predominant lipid classes to identify changes in the plasma lipidome during the vaccine response. Separately, we targeted oxylipins, a subset of lipid mediators involved in inflammatory pathways. We identified 14 differentially abundant lipid species from eight lipid classes. These included 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) which is indicative of lipoxygenase activity and, subsequently, inflammation. Results suggest that 5-HETE was metabolized to a dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) by day 7 post-vaccination, shedding light on the kinetics of the 5-HETE-mediated inflammatory response. In addition to 5-HETE and DHET, we observed pronounced changes in 34:1 phosphatidylinositol, anandamide, oleamide, ceramides, 16:1 cholesteryl ester, and other glycerophospholipids; several of these changes in abundance were correlated with serum cytokines and T cell activation. These data provide new insights into alterations in plasma lipidome post-tularemia vaccination, potentially identifying key mediators and pathways involved in vaccine response and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristal M. Maner-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Johannes B. Goll
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Manoj Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Travis L. Jensen
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Jennifer K. Colucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
| | - Casey E. Gelber
- The Emmes Company, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.B.G.); (T.L.J.); (C.E.G.)
| | - Carolyn J. Albert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA 30030, USA
| | - Jacob D. Franke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
| | - Muktha Natrajan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadine Rouphael
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert A. Johnson
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA;
| | - Patrick Sanz
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Evan J. Anderson
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (M.N.); (N.R.); (E.J.A.); (M.J.M.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, and New York University (NYU) Langone Vaccine Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; (C.J.A.); (J.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.F.); (E.A.O.); Tel.: +314-977-9264 (D.A.F.); +404-727-5014 (E.A.O.)
| | - Eric A. Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (K.M.M.-S.); (M.K.); (J.K.C.)
- Correspondence: (D.A.F.); (E.A.O.); Tel.: +314-977-9264 (D.A.F.); +404-727-5014 (E.A.O.)
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Tripathi J, Segeritz CP, Griffiths G, Bushell W, Vallier L, Skarnes WC, Mota MM, Billker O. A Novel Chemically Differentiated Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-Based Model to Study Liver Stages of Plasmodium berghei. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:1123-1134. [PMID: 32442532 PMCID: PMC7355138 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic and obligatory liver stage (LS) infection of Plasmodium parasites presents an attractive target for antimalarial vaccine and drug development. Lack of robust cellular models to study LS infection has hindered the discovery and validation of host genes essential for intrahepatic parasite development. Here, we present a chemically differentiated mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-based LS model, which supports complete development of Plasmodium berghei exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs) and can be used to define new host-parasite interactions. Using our model, we established that host Pnpla2, coding for adipose triglyceride lipase, is dispensable for P. berghei EEF development. In addition, we also evaluated in-vitro-differentiated human hepatocyte-like cells (iHLCs) to study LS of P. berghei and found it to be a sub-optimal infection model. Overall, our results present a new mouse ESC-based P. berghei LS infection model that can be utilized to study the impact of host genetic variation on parasite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaishree Tripathi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wendy Bushell
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Trust and Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William C Skarnes
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Ten Discovery Drive, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Maria M Mota
- Unidade de Malária, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Oliver Billker
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden and Molecular Biology Department, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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Glennon EKK, Austin LS, Arang N, Kain HS, Mast FD, Vijayan K, Aitchison JD, Kappe SHI, Kaushansky A. Alterations in Phosphorylation of Hepatocyte Ribosomal Protein S6 Control Plasmodium Liver Stage Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3391-3399.e4. [PMID: 30893610 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites are highly selective when infecting hepatocytes and induce many changes within the host cell upon infection. While several host cell factors have been identified that are important for liver infection, our understanding of what facilitates the maintenance of infection remains incomplete. Here, we describe a role for phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (Ser235/236) (p-RPS6) in Plasmodium yoelii-infected hepatocytes. Blocking RPS6 phosphorylation prior to infection decreases the number of liver stage parasites within 24 h. Infected hepatocytes exhibit elevated levels of p-RPS6 while simultaneously abrogating the induction of phosphorylation of RPS6 in response to insulin stimulation. This is in contrast with the regulation of p-RPS6 by Toxoplasma gondii, which elevates levels of p-RPS6 after infection but does not alter the response to insulin. Our data support a model in which RPS6 phosphorylation is uncoupled from canonical regulators in Plasmodium-infected hepatocytes and is relied on by the parasite to maintain infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Laura S Austin
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nadia Arang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heather S Kain
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Fred D Mast
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Vijayan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stefan H I Kappe
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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35
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Ruiz JL, Gómez-Díaz E. The second life of Plasmodium in the mosquito host: gene regulation on the move. Brief Funct Genomics 2020; 18:313-357. [PMID: 31058281 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria parasites face dynamically changing environments and strong selective constraints within human and mosquito hosts. To survive such hostile and shifting conditions, Plasmodium switches transcriptional programs during development and has evolved mechanisms to adjust its phenotype through heterogeneous patterns of gene expression. In vitro studies on culture-adapted isolates have served to set the link between chromatin structure and functional gene expression. Yet, experimental evidence is limited to certain stages of the parasite in the vertebrate, i.e. blood, while the precise mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulatory landscapes during development and in the adaptation to within-host conditions remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss available data on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation in Plasmodium mosquito stages in the context of sporogonic development and phenotypic variation, including both bet-hedging and environmentally triggered direct transcriptional responses. With this, we advocate the mosquito offers an in vivo biological model to investigate the regulatory networks, transcription factors and chromatin-modifying enzymes and their modes of interaction with regulatory sequences, which might be responsible for the plasticity of the Plasmodium genome that dictates stage- and cell type-specific blueprints of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Ruiz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Díaz
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra (IPBLN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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Balasubramanian L, Zuzarte-Luís V, Syed T, Mullick D, Deb S, Ranga-Prasad H, Meissner J, Almeida A, Furstenhaupt T, Siddiqi K, Prudêncio M, Rodrigues CMP, Mota M, Sundaramurthy V. Association of Plasmodium berghei With the Apical Domain of Hepatocytes Is Necessary for the Parasite's Liver Stage Development. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:451. [PMID: 32010639 PMCID: PMC6978659 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites undergo a dramatic transformation during the liver stage of their life cycle, amplifying over 10,000-fold inside infected hepatocytes within a few days. Such a rapid growth requires large-scale interactions with, and manipulations of, host cell functions. Whereas hepatocyte polarity is well-known to be critical for liver function, little is presently known about its involvement during the liver stage of Plasmodium development. Apical domains of hepatocytes are critical components of their polarity machinery and constitute the bile canalicular network, which is central to liver function. Here, we employed high resolution 3-D imaging and advanced image analysis of Plasmodium-infected liver tissues to show that the parasite associates preferentially with the apical domain of hepatocytes and induces alterations in the organization of these regions, resulting in localized changes in the bile canalicular architecture in the liver tissue. Pharmacological perturbation of the bile canalicular network by modulation of AMPK activity reduces the parasite's association with bile canaliculi and arrests the parasite development. Our findings using Plasmodium-infected liver tissues reveal a host-Plasmodium interaction at the level of liver tissue organization. We demonstrate for the first time a role for bile canaliculi, a central component of the hepatocyte polarity machinery, during the liver stage of Plasmodium development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tabish Syed
- School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Saptarathi Deb
- National Center for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Jana Meissner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ana Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tobias Furstenhaupt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaleem Siddiqi
- School of Computer Science and Centre for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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In vivo antimalarial activity and pharmacokinetics of artelinic acid-choline derivative liposomes in rodents. Parasitology 2019; 147:58-64. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182019001306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is urgent to develop new antimalarial drugs with good therapeutic effects to address the emergence of drug resistance. Here, the artelinic acid-choline derivative (AD) was synthesized by dehydration reaction and esterification reaction, aimed to avoid the emergence of drug resistance by synergistic effect of artemisinins and choline derivative, which could compete with choline for rate-limiting enzymes in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthetic pathway. AD was formulated into liposomes (ADLs) by the thin-film hydration method. Efficacy of ADLs was evaluated by Peters 4-day suppression test. The suppression percentage against Plasmodium yoelii BY265 (PyBY265) in ADLs group was higher than those of positive control groups (dihydroartemisinin liposomes, P < 0.05) and other control groups (P ⩽ 0.05) at the doses of 4.4, 8.8, 17.6 µmol (kg·d)−1, respectively. The negative conversion fraction, recrudescence fraction and survival fraction of ADLs group were superior to other control groups. Pharmacokinetics in rats after intravenous injection suggested that ADLs exhibited higher exposure levels (indexed by area under concentration-time curve) than that of AD solution, artelinic acid liposomes or artelinic acid solution (P < 0.01). Taken together, ADLs exhibited promising antimalarial efficacy and pharmacokinetic characteristics.
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38
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Raphemot R, Toro-Moreno M, Lu KY, Posfai D, Derbyshire ER. Discovery of Druggable Host Factors Critical to Plasmodium Liver-Stage Infection. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1253-1262.e5. [PMID: 31257182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium parasites undergo an obligatory and asymptomatic developmental stage within the liver before infecting red blood cells to cause malaria. The hijacked host pathways critical to parasite infection during this hepatic phase remain poorly understood. Here, we implemented a forward genetic screen to identify over 100 host factors within the human druggable genome that are critical to P. berghei infection in hepatoma cells. Notably, we found knockdown of genes involved in protein trafficking pathways to be detrimental to parasite infection. The disruption of protein trafficking modulators, including COPB2 and GGA1, decreases P. berghei parasite size, and an immunofluorescence study suggests that these proteins are recruited to the Plasmodium parasitophorous vacuole in infected hepatocytes. These findings reveal that various host intracellular protein trafficking pathways are subverted by Plasmodium parasites during the liver stage and provide new insights into their manipulation for growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Raphemot
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Maria Toro-Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kuan-Yi Lu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dora Posfai
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Emily Rose Derbyshire
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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39
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Kumar A, Ghosh DK, Ali J, Ranjan A. Characterization of Lipid Binding Properties of Plasmodium falciparum Acyl-Coenzyme A Binding Proteins and Their Competitive Inhibition by Mefloquine. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:901-915. [PMID: 30986346 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malaria remains a worldwide concern in terms of morbidity and mortality. Limited understanding of the Plasmodium proteome makes it challenging to control malaria. Understanding of the expression and functions of different Plasmodium proteins will help in knowing this organism's virulence properties, besides facilitating the drug development process. In this study, we characterize the lipid binding and biophysical properties of the putative Plasmodium falciparum acyl-CoA binding proteins (PfACBPs), which may have intriguing functions in different stages of P. falciparum life cycle. While the PfACBPs can bind to long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs with high affinity, their affinity for short-chain fatty acyl-CoAs is weak. Base-stacking, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions between the aromatic rings, charged groups or residues, and hydrophobic chains or residues are responsible for acyl-CoA binding to PfACBPs. PfACBPs can also bind to phospholipids. PfACBPs cannot bind to the fatty acids and unphosphorylated fatty acid esters. PfACBPs are globular-helical proteins that contain a conserved acyl-CoA binding region. They exist in folded or unfolded conformations without attaining any intermediate state. In a systematic high-throughput in silico screening, mefloquine is identified as a potential ligand of PfACBPs. Binding affinities of mefloquine are much higher than those of fatty acyl-CoAs for all PfACBPs. Mefloquine binds to the acyl-CoA binding pocket of PfACBPs, thereby engaging many of the critical residues. Thus, mefloquine acts as a competitive inhibitor against fatty acyl-CoA binding to PfACBPs, leading to the prevention of P. falciparum growth and proliferation. Taken together, our study characterizes the functions of annotated PfACBPs and highlights the mechanistic details of their inactivation by mefloquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500039, India
- Graduate studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Ghosh
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500039, India
- Graduate studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jamshaid Ali
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500039, India
- Graduate studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Akash Ranjan
- Computational and Functional Genomics Group Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics Uppal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500039, India
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Korytář T, Wiegertjes GF, Zusková E, Tomanová A, Lisnerová M, Patra S, Sieranski V, Šíma R, Born-Torrijos A, Wentzel AS, Blasco-Monleon S, Yanes-Roca C, Policar T, Holzer AS. The kinetics of cellular and humoral immune responses of common carp to presporogonic development of the myxozoan Sphaerospora molnari. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:208. [PMID: 31060624 PMCID: PMC6501462 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphaerospora molnari is a myxozoan parasite causing skin and gill sphaerosporosis in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in central Europe. For most myxozoans, little is known about the early development and the expansion of the infection in the fish host, prior to spore formation. A major reason for this lack of information is the absence of laboratory model organisms, whose life-cycle stages are available throughout the year. RESULTS We have established a laboratory infection model for early proliferative stages of myxozoans, based on separation and intraperitoneal injection of motile and dividing S. molnari stages isolated from the blood of carp. In the present study we characterize the kinetics of the presporogonic development of S. molnari, while analyzing cellular host responses, cytokine and systemic immunoglobulin expression, over a 63-day period. Our study shows activation of innate immune responses followed by B cell-mediated immune responses. We observed rapid parasite efflux from the peritoneal cavity (< 40 hours), an initial covert infection period with a moderate proinflammatory response for about 1-2 weeks, followed by a period of parasite multiplication in the blood which peaked at 28 days post-infection (dpi) and was associated with a massive lymphocyte response. Our data further revealed a switch to a massive anti-inflammatory response (up to 1456-fold expression of il-10), a strong increase in the expression of IgM transcripts and increased number of IgM+ B lymphocytes, which produce specific antibodies for the elimination of most of the parasites from the fish at 35 dpi. However, despite the presence of these antibodies, S. molnari invades the liver 42 dpi, where an increase in parasite cell number and indistinguishable outer cell membranes are indicative of effective exploitation and disguise mechanisms. From 49 dpi onwards, the acute infection changes to a chronic one, with low parasite numbers remaining in the fish. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first time myxozoan early development and immune modulation mechanisms have been analyzed along with innate and adaptive immune responses of its fish host, in a controlled laboratory system. Our study adds important information on host-parasite interaction and co-evolutionary adaptation of early metazoans (Cnidaria) with basic vertebrate (fish) immune systems and the evolution of host adaptation and parasite immune evasion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Korytář
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Geert F. Wiegertjes
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eliška Zusková
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Tomanová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Lisnerová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sneha Patra
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Sieranski
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Radek Šíma
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Born-Torrijos
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Annelieke S. Wentzel
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Blasco-Monleon
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Carlos Yanes-Roca
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Policar
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Astrid S. Holzer
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology, Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Nyariki JN, Ochola LA, Jillani NE, Nyamweya NO, Amwayi PE, Yole DS, Azonvide L, Isaac AO. Oral administration of Coenzyme Q 10 protects mice against oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation during experimental cerebral malaria. Parasitol Int 2019; 71:106-120. [PMID: 30981893 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In animal model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), the genesis of neuropathology is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators. There is limited progress in the development of new approaches to the treatment of cerebral malaria. Here, we tested whether oral supplementation of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) would offer protection against oxidative stress and brain associated inflammation following Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) infection in C57BL/6 J mouse model. For this purpose, one group of C57BL/6 mice was used as control; second group of mice were orally supplemented with 200 mg/kg CoQ10 and then infected with PbA and the third group was PbA infected alone. Clinical, biochemical, immunoblot and immunological features of ECM was monitored. We observed that oral administration of CoQ10 for 1 month and after PbA infection was able to improve survival, significantly reduced oedema, TNF-α and MIP-1β gene expression in brain samples in PbA infected mice. The result also shows the ability of CoQ10 to reduce cholesterol and triglycerides lipids, levels of matrix metalloproteinases-9, angiopoietin-2 and angiopoietin-1 in the brain. In addition, CoQ10 was very effective in decreasing NF-κB phosphorylation. Furthermore, CoQ10 supplementation abrogated Malondialdehyde, and 8-OHDG and restored cellular glutathione. These results constitute the first demonstration that oral supplementation of CoQ10 can protect mice against PbA induced oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation usually observed in ECM. Thus, the need to study CoQ10 as a candidate of antioxidant and immunomodulatory molecule in ECM and testing it in clinical studies either alone or in combination with antimalaria regimens to provide insight into a potential translatable therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Lucy A Ochola
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box, 24481, 00502 Karen, Kenya
| | - Ngalla E Jillani
- Department of Non-communicable diseases, Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box, 24481, 00502 Karen, Kenya
| | - Nemwel O Nyamweya
- Departmwent of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Peris E Amwayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dorcas S Yole
- School of Biological and Life Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Laurent Azonvide
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- School of Health Sciences, Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box, 52428, 00200 Nairobi, Kenya
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42
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Werling K, Shaw WR, Itoe MA, Westervelt KA, Marcenac P, Paton DG, Peng D, Singh N, Smidler AL, South A, Deik AA, Mancio-Silva L, Demas AR, March S, Calvo E, Bhatia SN, Clish CB, Catteruccia F. Steroid Hormone Function Controls Non-competitive Plasmodium Development in Anopheles. Cell 2019; 177:315-325.e14. [PMID: 30929905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of malaria parasites occurs when a female Anopheles mosquito feeds on an infected host to acquire nutrients for egg development. How parasites are affected by oogenetic processes, principally orchestrated by the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), remains largely unknown. Here we show that Plasmodium falciparum development is intimately but not competitively linked to processes shaping Anopheles gambiae reproduction. We unveil a 20E-mediated positive correlation between egg and oocyst numbers; impairing oogenesis by multiple 20E manipulations decreases parasite intensities. These manipulations, however, accelerate Plasmodium growth rates, allowing sporozoites to become infectious sooner. Parasites exploit mosquito lipids for faster growth, but they do so without further affecting egg development. These results suggest that P. falciparum has adopted a non-competitive evolutionary strategy of resource exploitation to optimize transmission while minimizing fitness costs to its mosquito vector. Our findings have profound implications for currently proposed control strategies aimed at suppressing mosquito populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Werling
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - W Robert Shaw
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maurice A Itoe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kathleen A Westervelt
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Perrine Marcenac
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas G Paton
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Duo Peng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Naresh Singh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrea L Smidler
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam South
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Liliana Mancio-Silva
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Allison R Demas
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sandra March
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric Calvo
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Flaminia Catteruccia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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43
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Phosphatidic acid as a limiting host metabolite for the proliferation of the microsporidium Tubulinosema ratisbonensis in Drosophila flies. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:645-655. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Parasites undergo complex life cycles that comprise a wide variety of cellular differentiation events in different host compartments and transmission across multiple hosts. As parasites depend on host resources, it is not surprising they have developed efficient mechanisms to sense alterations and adapt to the available resources in a wide range of environments. Here we provide an overview of the nutritional needs of different parasites throughout their diverse life stages and highlight recent insights into strategies that both hosts and parasites have developed to meet these nutritional requirements needed for defense, survival, and replication. These studies will provide the foundation for a systems-level understanding of host-parasite interactions, which will require the integration of molecular, epidemiologic, and mechanistic data and the application of interdisciplinary approaches to model parasite regulatory networks that are triggered by alterations in host resources.
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Kilian N, Choi JY, Voelker DR, Ben Mamoun C. Role of phospholipid synthesis in the development and differentiation of malaria parasites in the blood. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17308-17316. [PMID: 30287688 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r118.003213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of malaria parasites in both their mammalian host and mosquito vector consists of multiple developmental stages that ensure proper replication and progeny survival. The transition between these stages is fueled by nutrients scavenged from the host and fed into specialized metabolic pathways of the parasite. One such pathway is used by Plasmodium falciparum, which causes the most severe form of human malaria, to synthesize its major phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine. Much is known about the enzymes involved in the synthesis of these phospholipids, and recent advances in genetic engineering, single-cell RNA-Seq analyses, and drug screening have provided new perspectives on the importance of some of these enzymes in parasite development and sexual differentiation and have identified targets for the development of new antimalarial drugs. This Minireview focuses on two phospholipid biosynthesis enzymes of P. falciparum that catalyze phosphoethanolamine transmethylation (PfPMT) and phosphatidylserine decarboxylation (PfPSD) during the blood stages of the parasite. We also discuss our current understanding of the biochemical, structural, and biological functions of these enzymes and highlight efforts to use them as antimalarial drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kilian
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
| | - Jae-Yeon Choi
- the Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- the Basic Science Section, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 and
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46
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Glennon EKK, Dankwa S, Smith JD, Kaushansky A. Opportunities for Host-targeted Therapies for Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:843-860. [PMID: 30122551 PMCID: PMC6168423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent successes of artemisinin-based antimalarial drugs, many still die from severe malaria, and eradication efforts are hindered by the limited drugs currently available to target transmissible gametocyte parasites and liver-resident dormant Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites. Host-targeted therapy is a new direction for infectious disease drug development and aims to interfere with host molecules, pathways, or networks that are required for infection or that contribute to disease. Recent advances in our understanding of host pathways involved in parasite development and pathogenic mechanisms in severe malaria could facilitate the development of host-targeted interventions against Plasmodium infection and malaria disease. This review discusses new opportunities for host-targeted therapeutics for malaria and the potential to harness drug polypharmacology to simultaneously target multiple host pathways using a single drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Laboratory, Box 357965, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; These authors made an equal contribution
| | - Selasi Dankwa
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; These authors made an equal contribution
| | - Joseph D Smith
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Laboratory, Box 357965, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexis Kaushansky
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Ave N Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Harris Hydraulics Laboratory, Box 357965, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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47
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Keymer A, Gutjahr C. Cross-kingdom lipid transfer in arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and beyond. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:137-144. [PMID: 29729528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiosis between most land plants and fungi of the Glomeromycotina, which has existed for more than 400million years. AM fungi (AMF) improve plant nutrition with mineral nutrients and conversely, their growth and development is fueled by organic carbon supplied from their host. Recent studies demonstrated independently and with different experimental approaches that lipids are transferred from plants to fungi in addition to sugars, and that AMF are dependent on this lipid supply because they lack genes encoding fatty acid synthase I subunits. Dependence on host lipids or lipid parasitism occur in a range of interorganismic associations with participants from almost all kingdoms. Thus, these phenomena seem rather common in mutualistic and parasitic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keymer
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Wein S, Ghezal S, Buré C, Maynadier M, Périgaud C, Vial HJ, Lefebvre-Tournier I, Wengelnik K, Cerdan R. Contribution of the precursors and interplay of the pathways in the phospholipid metabolism of the malaria parasite. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1461-1471. [PMID: 29853527 PMCID: PMC6071779 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, develops and multiplies in the human erythrocyte. It needs to synthesize considerable amounts of phospholipids (PLs), principally phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylserine (PS). Several metabolic pathways coexist for their de novo biosynthesis, involving a dozen enzymes. Given the importance of these PLs for the survival of the parasite, we sought to determine their sources and to understand the connections and dependencies between the multiple pathways. We used three deuterated precursors (choline-d9, ethanolamine-d4, and serine-d3) to follow and quantify simultaneously their incorporations in the intermediate metabolites and the final PLs by LC/MS/MS. We show that PC is mainly derived from choline, itself provided by lysophosphatidylcholine contained in the serum. In the absence of choline, the parasite is able to use both other precursors, ethanolamine and serine. PE is almost equally synthesized from ethanolamine and serine, with both precursors being able to compensate for each other. Serine incorporated in PS is mainly derived from the degradation of host cell hemoglobin by the parasite. P. falciparum thus shows an unexpected adaptability of its PL synthesis pathways in response to different disturbances. These data provide new information by mapping the importance of the PL metabolic pathways of the malaria parasite and could be used to design future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wein
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Salma Ghezal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Corinne Buré
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets, UMR 5248, Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Marjorie Maynadier
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Christian Périgaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Henri J Vial
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Isabelle Lefebvre-Tournier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR 5247, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Kai Wengelnik
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Rachel Cerdan
- Dynamique des Interactions Membranaires Normales et Pathologiques, UMR 5235, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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49
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Agop-Nersesian C, Niklaus L, Wacker R, Theo Heussler V. Host cell cytosolic immune response during Plasmodium liver stage development. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 42:324-334. [PMID: 29529207 PMCID: PMC5995216 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a great gain in knowledge regarding parasite-host cell interactions during Plasmodium liver stage development. It is now an accepted fact that a large percentage of sporozoites invading hepatocytes fail to form infectious merozoites. There appears to be a delicate balance between parasite survival and elimination and we now start to understand why this is so. Plasmodium liver stage parasites replicate within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV), formed during invasion by invagination of the host cell plasma membrane. The main interface between the parasite and hepatocyte is the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) that surrounds the PV. Recently, it was shown that autophagy marker proteins decorate the PVM of Plasmodium liver stage parasites and eliminate a proportion of them by an autophagy-like mechanism. Successfully developing Plasmodium berghei parasites are initially also labeled but in the course of development, they are able to control this host defense mechanism by shedding PVM material into the tubovesicular network (TVN), an extension of the PVM that releases vesicles into the host cell cytoplasm. Better understanding of the molecular events at the PVM/TVN during parasite elimination could be the basis of new antimalarial measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Agop-Nersesian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, MA 02118, USA
| | - Livia Niklaus
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Wacker
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Volker Theo Heussler
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Zuzarte-Luis V, Mota MM. Fighting for Resources: Who Started the Battle? Who Is Winning It? Cell Metab 2018; 27:708-709. [PMID: 29617637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several vacuolar bacteria and parasites, such as Legionella, Chlamydia, and Toxoplasma, have been reported to grow associated with host mitochondria. The reason behind this phenomenon remains elusive. In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Pernas et al. (2018) propose that fusion of host mitochondria limits the availability of fatty acids needed for Toxoplasma gondii replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zuzarte-Luis
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria M Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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