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O'Brien BCV, Thao S, Weber L, Danielson HL, Boldt AD, Hueffer K, Weltzin MM. The human alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a host target for the rabies virus glycoprotein. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1394713. [PMID: 38836054 PMCID: PMC11148329 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1394713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The rabies virus enters the nervous system by interacting with several molecular targets on host cells to modify behavior and trigger receptor-mediated endocytosis of the virion by poorly understood mechanisms. The rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) interacts with the muscle acetylcholine receptor and the neuronal α4β2 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family by the putative neurotoxin-like motif. Given that the neurotoxin-like motif is highly homologous to the α7 nAChR subtype selective snake toxin α-bungarotoxin (αBTX), other nAChR subtypes are likely involved. The purpose of this study is to determine the activity of the RVG neurotoxin-like motif on nAChR subtypes that are expressed in brain regions involved in rabid animal behavior. nAChRs were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology was used to collect concentration-response data to measure the functional effects. The RVG peptide preferentially and completely inhibits α7 nAChR ACh-induced currents by a competitive antagonist mechanism. Tested heteromeric nAChRs are also inhibited, but to a lesser extent than the α7 subtype. Residues of the RVG peptide with high sequence homology to αBTX and other neurotoxins were substituted with alanine. Altered RVG neurotoxin-like peptides showed that residues phenylalanine 192, arginine 196, and arginine 199 are important determinants of RVG peptide apparent potency on α7 nAChRs, while serine 195 is not. The evaluation of the rabies ectodomain reaffirmed the observations made with the RVG peptide, illustrating a significant inhibitory impact on α7 nAChR with potency in the nanomolar range. In a mammalian cell culture model of neurons, we confirm that the RVG peptide binds preferentially to cells expressing the α7 nAChR. Defining the activity of the RVG peptide on nAChRs expands our understanding of basic mechanisms in host-pathogen interactions that result in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C V O'Brien
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Shelly Thao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Lahra Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Helen L Danielson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Agatha D Boldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Karsten Hueffer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Maegan M Weltzin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
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2
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Kewcharoenwong C, Freeouf S, Nithichanon A, Petsophonsakul W, Pornprasert S, Khamduang W, Suzuki T, Onodera T, Takahashi Y, Lertmemongkolchai G. One-dose intradermal rabies booster enhances rabies antibody production and avidity maturation. Med Microbiol Immunol 2024; 213:7. [PMID: 38761268 PMCID: PMC11102368 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-024-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of rabies in Thailand reached its peak in 2018 with 18 human deaths. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) vaccination is thus recommended for high-risk populations. WHO has recently recommended that patients who are exposed to a suspected rabid animal and have already been immunized against rabies should receive a 1-site intradermal (ID) injection of 0.1 mL on days 0 and 3 as postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). In Thailand, village health and livestock volunteers tasked with annual dog vaccination typically receive only a single lifetime PrEP dose and subsequent boosters solely upon confirmed animal bites. However, the adequacy of a single PrEP dose for priming and maintaining immunity in this high-risk group has not been evaluated. Therefore, our study was designed to address two key questions: (1) sufficiency of single-dose PrEP-to determine whether a single ID PrEP dose provides adequate long-term immune protection for high-risk individuals exposed to numerous dogs during their vaccination duties. (2) Booster efficacy for immune maturation-to investigate whether one or two additional ID booster doses effectively stimulate a mature and sustained antibody response in this population. The level and persistence of the rabies antibody were determined by comparing the immunogenicity and booster efficacy among the vaccination groups. Our study demonstrated that rabies antibodies persisted for more than 180 days after cost-effective ID PrEP or the 1st or the 2nd single ID booster dose, and adequate antibody levels were detected in more than 95% of participants by CEE-cELISA and 100% by indirect ELISA. Moreover, the avidity maturation of rabies-specific antibodies occurred after the 1st single ID booster dose. This smaller ID booster regimen was sufficient for producing a sufficient immune response and enhancing the maturation of anti-rabies antibodies. This safe and effective PrEP regimen and a single visit involving a one-dose ID booster are recommended, and at least one one-dose ID booster regimen could be equitably implemented in at-risk people in Thailand and other developing countries. However, an adequate antibody level should be monitored before the booster is administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidchamai Kewcharoenwong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- The Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Lanna Dog Welfare, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saranta Freeouf
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arnone Nithichanon
- The Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wilaiwan Petsophonsakul
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Lanna Dog Welfare, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakorn Pornprasert
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Woottichai Khamduang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taishi Onodera
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
- The Centre for Research & Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
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3
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Cao H, Li H, Luan N, Zhang H, Lin K, Hu J, Song J, Liu C. A rabies mRNA vaccine with H270P mutation in its glycoprotein induces strong cellular and humoral immunity. Vaccine 2024; 42:1116-1121. [PMID: 38262810 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease that kills approximately 60,000 people each year. As the sole virion-surface protein, the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) mediates its host-cell entry. RABV-G's pre-fusion conformation displays major known neutralizing antibody epitopes, which can be used as immunogen for prophylaxis. H270P targeted mutation can stabilize RABV-G in the pre-fusion conformation. Herein, we report the development of a highly promising rabies mRNA vaccine composed of H270P targeted mutation packaged in lipid nanoparticle (LNP), named LNP-mRNA-G-H270P. Humoral and cellular immunity of this vaccine were assessed in mice comparing to the unmodified LNP-mRNA-G and a commercially available inactivated vaccine using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test. The results show the titer of RABV-G-specific IgG and virus-neutralization antibody titers (VNTs) in LNP-mRNA-G-H270P group were significant higher than those in LNP-mRNA-G and inactivated vaccine groups. Likewise, IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes, level of IL-2 in the supernatant of spleen cells, as well as IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells in LNP-mRNA-G-H270P group were significant higher than those in the other two vaccine groups. Hence, these results demonstrated that targeting the H270P mutation in RABV-G through an mRNA-LNP vaccine platform represents a promising strategy for developing a more efficacious rabies vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Cao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ning Luan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Haihao Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Kangyang Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jingping Hu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
| | - Cunbao Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China.
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Guardalini LGO, Leme J, da Silva Cavalcante PE, de Mello RG, Bernardino TC, Jared SGS, Antoniazzi MM, Astray RM, Tonso A, Núñez EGF, Jorge SAC. Sf9 Cell Metabolism Throughout the Recombinant Baculovirus and Rabies Virus-Like Particles Production in Two Culture Systems. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:354-364. [PMID: 37162721 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the Sf9 cell metabolism during growth, and infection steps with recombinant baculovirus bearing rabies virus proteins, to finally obtain rabies VLP in two culture systems: Schott flask (SF) and stirred tank reactor (STR). Eight assays were performed in SF and STR (four assays in each system) using serum-free SF900 III culture medium. Two non-infection growth kinetics assays and six recombinant baculovirus infection assays. The infection runs were carried out at 0.1 pfu/cell multiplicity of infection (MOI) for single baculovirus bearing rabies glycoprotein (BVG) and matrix protein (BVM) and a coinfection with both baculoviruses at MOI of 3 and 2 pfu/cell for BVG and BVM, respectively. The SF assays were done in triplicate. The glucose, glutamine, glutamate, lactate, and ammonium uptake or release specific rates were quantified over the exponential growth phase and infection stage. The highest uptake specific rate was observed for glucose (42.5 × 10-12 mmol cell/h) in SF and for glutamine (30.8 × 10-12 mmol/cell/h) in STR, in the exponential growth phases. A wave pattern was observed for assessed analytes throughout the infection phase and the glucose had the highest wave amplitude within the 10-10 mmol cell/h order. This alternative uptake and release behavior is in harmony with the lytic cycle of baculovirus in insect cells. The virus propagation and VLP generation were not limited by glucose, glutamine, and glutamate, neither by the toxicity of lactate nor ammonium under the conditions appraised in this work. The findings from this work can be useful to set baculovirus infection processes at high cell density to improve rabies VLP yield, purity, and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaci Leme
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Viral, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Gois de Mello
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Viral, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Thaissa Consoni Bernardino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Viral, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Gonçalves Silva Jared
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Maria Antoniazzi
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Mancini Astray
- Laboratório Multipropósito, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Aldo Tonso
- Laboratório de Células Animais, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, Trav. 3, 380, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Eutimio Gustavo Fernández Núñez
- Grupo de Engenharia de Bioprocessos. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000, São Paulo, SP, CEP 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Soraia Attie Calil Jorge
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Viral, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
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Li S, Xu B, Luo Y, Luo J, Huang S, Guo X. Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rabies Virus Replication. Cells 2024; 13:183. [PMID: 38247875 PMCID: PMC10814280 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family and Lyssavirus genus, which is highly neurotropic and can infect almost all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Autophagy and apoptosis are two evolutionarily conserved and genetically regulated processes that maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis, respectively. Autophagy recycles unnecessary or dysfunctional intracellular organelles and molecules in a cell, whereas apoptosis eliminates damaged or unwanted cells in an organism. Studies have shown that RABV can induce both autophagy and apoptosis in target cells. To advance our understanding of pathogenesis of rabies, this paper reviews the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis induced by RABV and the effects of the two cellular events on RABV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bowen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Yongwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.)
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Javorsky A, Humbert PO, Kvansakul M. Viral manipulation of cell polarity signalling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119536. [PMID: 37437846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric distribution of biomacromolecules that enable the correct orientation of a cell in a particular direction. It is thus an essential component for appropriate tissue development and function. Viral infections can lead to dysregulation of polarity. This is associated with a poor prognosis due to viral interference with core cell polarity regulatory scaffolding proteins that often feature PDZ (PSD-95, DLG, and ZO-1) domains including Scrib, Dlg, Pals1, PatJ, Par3 and Par6. PDZ domains are also promiscuous, binding to several different partners through their C-terminal region which contain PDZ-binding motifs (PBM). Numerous viruses encode viral effector proteins that target cell polarity regulators for their benefit and include papillomaviruses, flaviviruses and coronaviruses. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action utilised by viral effector proteins to subvert host cell polarity sigalling will provide avenues for future therapeutic intervention, while at the same time enhance our understanding of cell polarity regulation and its role tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airah Javorsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Patrick O Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia; Research Centre for Molecular Cancer Prevention, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
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Abstract
There are at least 21 families of enveloped viruses that infect mammals, and many contain members of high concern for global human health. All enveloped viruses have a dedicated fusion protein or fusion complex that enacts the critical genome-releasing membrane fusion event that is essential before viral replication within the host cell interior can begin. Because all enveloped viruses enter cells by fusion, it behooves us to know how viral fusion proteins function. Viral fusion proteins are also major targets of neutralizing antibodies, and hence they serve as key vaccine immunogens. Here we review current concepts about viral membrane fusion proteins focusing on how they are triggered, structural intermediates between pre- and postfusion forms, and their interplay with the lipid bilayers they engage. We also discuss cellular and therapeutic interventions that thwart virus-cell membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M White
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;
| | - Amanda E Ward
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Laura Odongo
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lukas K Tamm
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Podgoreanu P, Petre A, Tănasă RI, Dinu S, Oprea M, Marandiuc IM, Vlase E. Sequencing and Partial Molecular Characterization of BAB-TMP, the Babeș Strain of the Fixed Rabies Virus Adapted for Multiplication in Cell Lines. Viruses 2023; 15:1851. [PMID: 37766258 PMCID: PMC10536377 DOI: 10.3390/v15091851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rabies virus is a major zoonosis that causes severe nervous disease in humans, leading to paralysis and death. The world's second anti-rabies center was established in 1888 by Victor Babeș, in Bucharest, where an eponymous strain of rabies was isolated and used to develop a method for immunization. The Babeș strain of the rabies virus was used for over 100 years in Romania to produce a rabies vaccine for human use, based on animal nerve tissue, thus having a proven history of prophylactic use. The present study aimed to sequence the whole genome of the Babeș strain and to explore its genetic relationships with other vaccine strains as well as to characterize its relevant molecular traits. After being adapted for multiplication in cell lines and designated BAB-TMP, 99% of the viral genome was sequenced. The overall organization of the genome is similar to that of other rabies vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the BAB-TMP strain is closely related to the Russian RV-97 vaccine strain, and both seem to have a common ancestor. The nucleoprotein gene of the investigated genome was the most conserved, and the glycoprotein showed several unique amino acid substitutions within the major antigenic sites and linear epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Radu Iulian Tănasă
- Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (P.P.); (A.P.)
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9
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Huaman C, Paskey AC, Clouse C, Feasley A, Rader M, Rice GK, Luquette AE, Fitzpatrick MC, Drumm HM, Yan L, Cer RZ, Donduashvili M, Buchukuri T, Nanava A, Hulseberg CE, Washington MA, Laing ED, Malagon F, Broder CC, Bishop-Lilly KA, Schaefer BC. Genomic Surveillance of Rabies Virus in Georgian Canines. Viruses 2023; 15:1797. [PMID: 37766204 PMCID: PMC10537093 DOI: 10.3390/v15091797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a fatal zoonosis that is considered a re-emerging infectious disease. Although rabies remains endemic in canines throughout much of the world, vaccination programs have essentially eliminated dog rabies in the Americas and much of Europe. However, despite the goal of eliminating dog rabies in the European Union by 2020, sporadic cases of dog rabies still occur in Eastern Europe, including Georgia. To assess the genetic diversity of the strains recently circulating in Georgia, we sequenced seventy-eight RABV-positive samples from the brain tissues of rabid dogs and jackals using Illumina short-read sequencing of total RNA shotgun libraries. Seventy-seven RABV genomes were successfully assembled and annotated, with seventy-four of them reaching the coding-complete status. Phylogenetic analyses of the nucleoprotein (N) and attachment glycoprotein (G) genes placed all the assembled genomes into the Cosmopolitan clade, consistent with the Georgian origin of the samples. An amino acid alignment of the G glycoprotein ectodomain identified twelve different sequences for this domain among the samples. Only one of the ectodomain groups contained a residue change in an antigenic site, an R264H change in the G5 antigenic site. Three isolates were cultured, and these were found to be efficiently neutralized by the human monoclonal antibody A6. Overall, our data show that recently circulating RABV isolates from Georgian canines are predominantly closely related phylogroup I viruses of the Cosmopolitan clade. Current human rabies vaccines should offer protection against infection by Georgian canine RABVs. The genomes have been deposited in GenBank (accessions: OQ603609-OQ603685).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Huaman
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Adrian C. Paskey
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Caitlyn Clouse
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Austin Feasley
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Madeline Rader
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gregory K. Rice
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Andrea E. Luquette
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Maren C. Fitzpatrick
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Hannah M. Drumm
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | - Lianying Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | - Tamar Buchukuri
- State Laboratory of Agriculture (SLA), Tbilisi 0159, Georgia
| | - Anna Nanava
- US Army Medical Research Directorate-Georgia (USAMRD-G), Tbilisi 0198, Georgia
| | | | | | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Francisco Malagon
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Leidos, Reston, VA 20190, USA
| | | | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Department, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command-Frederick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian C. Schaefer
- Department of Microbiology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Zorzan M, Castellan M, Gasparotto M, Dias de Melo G, Zecchin B, Leopardi S, Chen A, Rosato A, Angelini A, Bourhy H, Corti D, Cendron L, De Benedictis P. Antiviral mechanisms of two broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies for rabies prophylaxis and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186063. [PMID: 37638057 PMCID: PMC10449259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an acute and lethal encephalomyelitis caused by lyssaviruses, among which rabies virus (RABV) is the most prevalent and important for public health. Although preventable through the post-exposure administration of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulins (RIGs), the disease is almost invariably fatal since the onset of clinical signs. Two human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), RVC20 and RVC58, have been shown to be effective in treating symptomatic rabies. To better understand how these mAbs work, we conducted structural modeling and in vitro assays to analyze their mechanisms of action, including their ability to mediate Fc-dependent effector functions. Our results indicate that both RVC20 and RVC58 recognize and lock the RABV-G protein in its pre-fusion conformation. RVC58 was shown to neutralize more potently the extra-cellular virus, while RVC20 mainly acts by reducing viral spreading from infected cells. Importantly, RVC20 was more effective in promoting effector functions compared to RVC58 and 17C7-RAB1 mAbs, the latter of which is approved for human rabies post-exposure treatment. These results provide valuable insights into the multiple mechanisms of action of RVC20 and RVC58 mAbs, offering relevant information for the development of these mAbs as treatment for human rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Zorzan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martina Castellan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Zecchin
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Leopardi
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, Italy
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Venice, Italy
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola De Benedictis
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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11
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Yan J, Ou BS, Saouaf OM, Meany EL, Eckman N, Appel EA. A regimen compression strategy for commercial vaccines leveraging an injectable hydrogel depot technology for sustained vaccine exposure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.23.534005. [PMID: 36993717 PMCID: PMC10055424 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.23.534005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Equitable global access to vaccines requires we overcome challenges associated with complex immunization schedules and their associated economic burdens that hinder delivery in under resourced environments. The rabies vaccine, for example, requires multiple immunizations for effective protection and each dose is cost prohibitive, and therefore inaccessibility disproportionately impacts low- and middle-income countries. In this work we developed an injectable hydrogel depot technology for sustained delivery of commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccines. In a mouse model, we showed that a single immunization of a hydrogel-based rabies vaccine elicited comparable antibody titers to a standard prime-boost bolus regimen of a commercial rabies vaccine, despite these hydrogel vaccines comprising only half of the total dose delivered in the bolus control. Moreover, these hydrogel-based vaccines elicited similar antigen-specific T-cell responses and neutralizing antibody responses compared to the bolus vaccine. Notably, we demonstrated that while addition of a potent clinical TLR4 agonist adjuvant to the gels slightly improved binding antibody responses, inclusion of this adjuvant to the inactivated virion vaccine was detrimental to neutralizing responses. Taken together, these results suggest that these hydrogels can enable an effective regimen compression and dosesparing strategy for improving global access to vaccines.
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12
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Conselheiro JA, Barone GT, Miyagi SAT, de Souza Silva SO, Agostinho WC, Aguiar J, Brandão PE. Evolution of Rabies Virus Isolates: Virulence Signatures and Effects of Modulation by Neutralizing Antibodies. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121556. [PMID: 36558890 PMCID: PMC9782306 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyssavirus rabies (RABV) is an RNA virus and, therefore, is subject to mutations due to low RNA polymerase replication fidelity, forming a population structure known as a viral quasispecies, which is the core of RNA viruses' adaptive strategy. Under new microenvironmental conditions, the fittest populations are selected, and the study of this process on the molecular level can help determine molecular signatures related to virulence. Our aim was to survey gene signatures on nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes that might be involved in virulence modulation during the in vitro evolution of RABV lineages after serial passages in a neuronal cell system with or without the presence of neutralizing antibodies based on replicative fitness, in vivo neurotropism and protein structure and dynamics. The experiments revealed that amino acids at positions 186 and 188 of the glycoprotein are virulence factors of Lyssavirus rabies, and site 186 specifically might allow the attachment to heparan as a secondary cell receptor, while polymorphism at position 333 might allow the selection of escape mutants under suboptimal neutralizing antibodies titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Amorim Conselheiro
- Laboratory of Diagnostics of Zoonosis and Vector-borne Diseases (LabZoo), Zoonosis Surveillance Division, Health Surveillance Coordination, Municipal Health Department, São Paulo 02031-020, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Gisely Toledo Barone
- Laboratory of Diagnostics of Zoonosis and Vector-borne Diseases (LabZoo), Zoonosis Surveillance Division, Health Surveillance Coordination, Municipal Health Department, São Paulo 02031-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Sueli Akemi Taniwaki Miyagi
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Oliveira de Souza Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Washington Carlos Agostinho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Joana Aguiar
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Brandão
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
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13
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Cai M, Liu H, Jiang F, Sun Y, Wang W, An Y, Zhang M, Li X, Liu D, Li Y, Yu Y, Huang W, Wang Y. Analysis of the evolution, infectivity and antigenicity of circulating rabies virus strains. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1474-1487. [PMID: 35570580 PMCID: PMC9176641 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2078742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus has existed for thousands of years and is circulating in many species. In the present study, a total of 2896 rabies viruses isolated worldwide were phylogenetically classified into ten clusters based on the G gene sequence, and these clusters showed a close relationship with the hosts and regions that they were isolated from. Eighty-three representative G sequences were selected from ten clusters and were used to construct pseudoviruses using the VSV vector. The phylogenetic relationships, infectivity and antigenicity of the representative 83 pseudotyped rabies viruses were comprehensively analyzed. Eighty three pseudoviruses were divided into four antigentic clusters (GAgV), of which GAgV4 showed poor neutralization to all immunized sera. Further analysis showed that almost all strains in the GAgV4 were isolated from wild animals in the America, especially bats and skunks. No significant relationship in terms of phylogeny, infectivity and antigenicity was proved. Amino acid mutations at residues 231and 436 can affect the infectivity, while mutations at residues 113, 164 and 254 may affect the sensitivity to immunized animal sera, especially residue 254. We recommend close monitoring of infectivity and antigenicity, which should be more precise than simple genetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Cai
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Liu
- National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Division of Monoclonal Antibody Products, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng An
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Li
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxin Yu
- Department of Arboviral Vaccine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Alviar KB, Rotenberg D, Martin KM, Whitfield AE. The physical interactome between Peregrinus maidis proteins and the maize mosaic virus glycoprotein provides insights into the cellular biology of a rhabdovirus in the insect vector. Virology 2022; 577:163-173. [PMID: 36395538 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdovirus glycoproteins (G) serve multifunctional roles in virus entry, assembly, and exit from animal cells. We hypothesize that maize mosaic virus (MMV) G is required for invasion, infection, and spread in Peregrinus maidis, the planthopper vector. Using a membrane-based yeast two-hybrid assay, we identified 107 P. maidis proteins that physically interacted with MMV G, of which approximately 53% matched proteins with known functions including endocytosis, vesicle-mediated transport, protein synthesis and turnover, nuclear export, metabolism and host defense. Physical interaction networks among conserved proteins indicated a possible cellular coordination of processes associated with MMV G translation, protein folding and trafficking. Non-annotated proteins contained predicted functional sites, including a diverse array of ligand binding sites. Cyclophilin A and apolipophorin III co-immunoprecipitated with MMV G, and each showed different patterns of localization with G in insect cells. This study describes the first protein interactome for a rhabdovirus spike protein and insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen B Alviar
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, 4031, Philippines
| | - Dorith Rotenberg
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kathleen M Martin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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15
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Ng WM, Fedosyuk S, English S, Augusto G, Berg A, Thorley L, Haselon AS, Segireddy RR, Bowden TA, Douglas AD. Structure of trimeric pre-fusion rabies virus glycoprotein in complex with two protective antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1219-1230.e7. [PMID: 35985336 PMCID: PMC9605875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV) causes lethal encephalitis and is responsible for approximately 60,000 deaths per year. As the sole virion-surface protein, the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) mediates host-cell entry. RABV-G's pre-fusion trimeric conformation displays epitopes bound by protective neutralizing antibodies that can be induced by vaccination or passively administered for post-exposure prophylaxis. We report a 2.8-Å structure of a RABV-G trimer in the pre-fusion conformation, in complex with two neutralizing and protective monoclonal antibodies, 17C7 and 1112-1, that recognize distinct epitopes. One of these antibodies is a licensed prophylactic (17C7, Rabishield), which we show locks the protein in pre-fusion conformation. Targeted mutations can similarly stabilize RABV-G in the pre-fusion conformation, a key step toward structure-guided vaccine design. These data reveal the higher-order architecture of a key therapeutic target and the structural basis of neutralization by antibodies binding two key antigenic sites, and this will facilitate the development of improved vaccines and prophylactic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng M Ng
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sofiya Fedosyuk
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Solomon English
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gilles Augusto
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Adam Berg
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Luke Thorley
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anna-Sophie Haselon
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rameswara R Segireddy
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alexander D Douglas
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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16
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Lian M, Hueffer K, Weltzin MM. Interactions between the rabies virus and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: A potential role in rabies virus induced behavior modifications. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10434. [PMID: 36091963 PMCID: PMC9450143 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Lian
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Veterinary Medicine, 2141 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Koppang, NO-2480, Norway
| | - Karsten Hueffer
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Veterinary Medicine, 2141 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
| | - Maegan M. Weltzin
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1930 Yukon Dr. Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Ebel H, Benecke T, Vollmer B. Stabilisation of Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins in Prefusion Conformation by Structure-Based Design for Structure Determination and Vaccine Development. Viruses 2022; 14:1816. [PMID: 36016438 PMCID: PMC9415420 DOI: 10.3390/v14081816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane surface of enveloped viruses contains dedicated proteins enabling the fusion of the viral with the host cell membrane. Working with these proteins is almost always challenging because they are membrane-embedded and naturally metastable. Fortunately, based on a range of different examples, researchers now have several possibilities to tame membrane fusion proteins, making them amenable for structure determination and immunogen generation. This review describes the structural and functional similarities of the different membrane fusion proteins and ways to exploit these features to stabilise them by targeted mutational approaches. The recent determination of two herpesvirus membrane fusion proteins in prefusion conformation holds the potential to apply similar methods to this group of viral fusogens. In addition to a better understanding of the herpesviral fusion mechanism, the structural insights gained will help to find ways to further stabilise these proteins using the methods described to obtain stable immunogens that will form the basis for the development of the next generation of vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Ebel
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Benecke
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Vollmer
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Li T, Yu L, Sun J, Liu J, He X. Ionization of D571 Is Coupled with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Up/Down Equilibrium Revealing the pH-Dependent Allosteric Mechanism of Receptor-Binding Domains. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4828-4839. [PMID: 35736566 PMCID: PMC9236204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As a type I viral fusion protein, SARS-CoV-2 spike undergoes a pH-dependent switch to mediate the endosomal positioning of the receptor-binding domain to facilitate viral entry into cells and immune evasion. Gaps in our knowledge concerning the conformational transitions and key intramolecular motivations have hampered the development of effective therapeutics against the virus. To clarify the pH-sensitive elements on spike-gating the receptor-binding domain (RBD) opening and understand the details of the RBD opening transition, we performed microsecond-time scale constant pH molecular dynamics simulations in this study. We identified the deeply buried D571 with a clear pKa shift, suggesting a potential pH sensor, and showed the coupling of ionization of D571 with spike RBD-up/down equilibrium. We also computed the free-energy landscape for RBD opening and identified the crucial interactions that influence RBD dynamics. The atomic-level characterization of the pH-dependent spike activation mechanism provided herein offers new insights for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and infection and hence supports the discovery of novel therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009,
China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingfang Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009,
China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy,
China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009,
China
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular
Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule
Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- New York University-East China Normal University
Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University
Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
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19
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Callaway HM, Zyla D, Larrous F, de Melo GD, Hastie KM, Avalos RD, Agarwal A, Corti D, Bourhy H, Saphire EO. Structure of the rabies virus glycoprotein trimer bound to a prefusion-specific neutralizing antibody. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9151. [PMID: 35714192 PMCID: PMC9205594 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rabies infection is nearly 100% lethal if untreated and kills more than 50,000 people annually, many of them children. Existing rabies vaccines target the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) but generate short-lived immune responses, likely because the protein is heterogeneous under physiological conditions. Here, we report the 3.39 Å cryo-electron microscopy structure of trimeric, prefusion RABV-G complexed with RVA122, a potently neutralizing human antibody. RVA122 binds to a quaternary epitope at the top of RABV-G, bridging domains and stabilizing RABV-G protomers in a prefusion state. RABV-G trimerization involves side-to-side interactions between the central α helix and adjacent loops, rather than contacts between central helices, and interactions among the fusion loops at the glycoprotein base. These results provide a basis from which to develop improved rabies vaccines based on RABV-G stabilized in the prefusion conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Callaway
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dawid Zyla
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Florence Larrous
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Diaz Avalos
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa Agarwal
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unit of Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Yang J, Lin S, Sun H, Chen Z, Yang F, Lin X, Guo L, Wang L, Wen A, Zhang X, Dai Y, He B, Cao Y, Dong H, Liu X, Chen B, Li J, Zhao Q, Lu G. A Potent Neutralizing Nanobody Targeting the Spike Receptor-Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 and the Structural Basis of Its Intimate Binding. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820336. [PMID: 35663966 PMCID: PMC9158119 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) around the world has raised unprecedented challenges to the human society. Antibodies and nanobodies possessing neutralization activity represent promising drug candidates. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing nanobody that targets the viral spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD). The nanobody, termed as Nb-007, engages SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD with the two-digit picomolar binding affinity and shows outstanding virus entry-inhibition activity. The complex structure of Nb-007 bound to SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD reveals an epitope that is partially overlapping with the binding site for the human receptor of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The nanobody therefore exerts neutralization by competing with ACE2 for S-RBD binding, which is further ascertained by our in-vitro biochemical analyses. Finally, we also show that Nb-007 reserves promising, though compromised, neutralization activity against the currently-circulating Delta variant and that fusion of the nanobody with Fc dramatically increases its entry-inhibition capacity. Taken together, these data have paved the way of developing Nb-007 as a drug-reserve for potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2 related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglu Sun
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zimin Chen
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanli Yang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Lin
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyan Guo
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Wen
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xindan Zhang
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Dai
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin He
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Cao
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Disaster Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haohao Dong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianbo Liu
- Antibody R&D Department, CHENGDU NB BIOLAB CO., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Antibody R&D Department, CHENGDU NB BIOLAB CO., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangwen Lu
- West China Hospital Emergency Department (WCHED), State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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21
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Li J, Wang C, Wang W, Zhao L, Han H. Dual-Mode Immunosensor for Electrochemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer and Electrochemical Detection of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein Based on Ru(bpy) 32+-Loaded Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7655-7664. [PMID: 35579617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a serious zoonotic disease in almost all warm-blooded animals and causes fatal encephalitis. The detection of rabies virus (RABV) is critical and remains a significant challenge. Herein, an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) and electrochemical (EC) dual-mode immunosensor was developed for highly sensitive detection of RABV glycoprotein. Dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) were employed to load Ru(bpy)32+ and to obtain ECL probes (Ru@DMSNs). Ru@DMSNs were decorated on the electrode surface, followed by the modification of the RABV antibody (Ab1). RABV was specifically recognized and captured by Ab1, causing the decline of the ECL signal due to the obstruction of electron transfer. Additionally, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnOx) modified with Ab2 can further quench the ECL signal of Ru@DMSNs via the RET between Ru@DMSNs and MnOx. Meanwhile, MnOx can catalyze the oxidation of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD), generating a significant differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signal as a second signal to monitor RABV glycoprotein concentration. Consequently, an immunosensor was developed to achieve dual-signal detection of RABV and improve reliability. Under the optimal conditions, detection ranges of 0.10 pg·mL-1 to 10 ng·mL-1 for ECL (with an 88 fg·mL-1 detection limit) and 1 pg·mL-1 to 2 ng·mL-1 for EC (with a 0.1 pg·mL-1 detection limit) were obtained for RABV detection. The reliability of this immunoassay was validated by eight brain tissue samples. The results were found to be compatible with the results of the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, indicating the potential applicability of this method for RABV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Caiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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22
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Revealing the Cell Entry Dynamic Mechanism of Single Rabies Virus Particle. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022; 38:838-842. [PMID: 35530119 PMCID: PMC9059680 DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal diseases in humans and animals. Although studying the interactions between a single rabies virus and the cell membrane is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis, the internalization dynamic mechanism of single rabies virus in living cells remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized a novel force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy(AFM) to record the process of single viral entry into host cell. We revealed that the force of the rabies virus internalization distributed at (65±25) pN, and the time was identified by two peaks with spacings of (237.2±59.1) and (790.3±134.4) ms with the corresponding speed of 0.12 and 0.04 µm/s, respectively. Our results provide insight into the effects of viral shape during the endocytosis process. This report will be meaningful for understanding the dynamic mechanism of rabies virus early infection.
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23
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de Melo GD, Hellert J, Gupta R, Corti D, Bourhy H. Monoclonal antibodies against rabies: current uses in prophylaxis and in therapy. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 53:101204. [PMID: 35151116 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a severe viral infection that causes an acute encephalomyelitis, which presents a case fatality of nearly 100% after the manifestation of neurological clinical signs. Rabies can be efficiently prevented with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), composed of vaccines and anti-rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs); however, no treatment exists for symptomatic rabies. The PEP protocol faces access and implementation obstacles in resource-limited settings, which could be partially overcome by substituting RIGs for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). mAbs offer lower production costs, consistent supply availability, long-term storage/stability, and an improved safety profile. Here we summarize the key features of the different available mAbs against rabies, focusing on their application in PEP and highlighting their potential in a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Jan Hellert
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie (HPI), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg, 22607, Germany
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, National Reference Center for Rabies, Paris, F-75015, France; Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, F-75015, France.
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24
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Goodsell DS, Burley SK. RCSB Protein Data Bank resources for structure-facilitated design of mRNA vaccines for existing and emerging viral pathogens. Structure 2022; 30:55-68.e2. [PMID: 34739839 PMCID: PMC8567414 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural biologists provide direct insights into the molecular bases of human health and disease. The open-access Protein Data Bank (PDB) stores and delivers three-dimensional (3D) biostructure data that facilitate discovery and development of therapeutic agents and diagnostic tools. We are in the midst of a revolution in vaccinology. Non-infectious mRNA vaccines have been proven during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This new technology underpins nimble discovery and clinical development platforms that use knowledge of 3D viral protein structures for societal benefit. The RCSB PDB supports vaccine designers through expert biocuration and rigorous validation of 3D structures; open-access dissemination of structure information; and search, visualization, and analysis tools for structure-guided design efforts. This resource article examines the structural biology underpinning the success of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccines and enumerates some of the many protein structures in the PDB archive that could guide design of new countermeasures against existing and emerging viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Goodsell
- RCSB Protein Data Bank and Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stephen K Burley
- RCSB Protein Data Bank and Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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25
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Ye K, Shi D, Zhang Z, Bian L, Li Z, Liu T, He C, Xu S, Wu Y, Lin G. A chemiluminescence immunoassay for precise automatic quality control of glycoprotein in human rabies vaccine. Vaccine 2021; 39:7470-7476. [PMID: 34815118 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, quality control of glycoprotein in the human rabies vaccine is based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, ELISA does not match the needs of a modernised quality control system. For a long time, human rabies virus vaccine manufacturers have been devoted to seeking a detection platform that is sensitive, accurate, automatic, and feasible for practical applications. Therefore, our team invested major efforts into establishing a fully automated micromagnetic particle (MMP)-based chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) platform. For vaccine quality control, MMP-coupled rabies virus glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (S037) were used to capture the rabies virus. Another rabies virus glycoprotein antibody (S053) labelled with acridinium ester was added as a signal tracer. After pretreating the vaccine sample, the entire analysis was performed using a fully automated machine, which had a limited detection time (only 30 min) and eliminated manual error. Multiple experiments have identified the optimal conditions allowing valid and reliable assessment of vaccine potency. The CLIA platform has exhibited merits in terms of speed, robustness, high sensitivity (with a minimum detection value of 0.45 mIU/mL), considerable accuracy, and a wide linear range of detection (9.4-1200 mIU/mL). Furthermore, the results showed that the CLIA platform is consistent with the National Institutes of Health test and time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay (TRFIA) in quantitative analysis, and had a better analytic performance than TRFIA. Therefore, the CLIA platform presented here may be important for application in modern vaccine quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ye
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Shi
- Division II of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui He
- Guangzhou Promise Biologics Co., Ltd, No. 1 Wanbao North Street, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihong Xu
- Division II of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guanfeng Lin
- Experimental Center of Teaching and Scientific Research, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Yumoto K, Arisaka T, Okada K, Aoki K, Ose T, Masatani T, Sugiyama M, Ito N, Fukuhara H, Maenaka K. Characterization of Single-Chain Fv Fragments of Neutralizing Antibodies to Rabies Virus Glycoprotein. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112311. [PMID: 34835117 PMCID: PMC8624154 DOI: 10.3390/v13112311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies has almost a 100% case-fatality rate and kills more than 59,000 people annually around the world. There is no established treatment for rabies. The rabies virus (RABV) expresses only the glycoprotein (RABVG) at the viral surface, and it is the target for the neutralizing antibodies. We previously established mouse monoclonal antibodies, 15–13 and 12–22, which showed neutralizing activity against the RABV, targeting the sequential and conformational epitopes on the RABVG, respectively. However, the molecular basis for the neutralizing activity of these antibodies is not yet fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the binding characteristics of the Fab fragments of the 15–13 and 12–22 antibodies. The recombinant RABVG protein, in prefusion form for the binding analysis, was prepared by the silkworm–baculovirus expression system. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis indicated that the 15–13 Fab interacts with the RABVG, with a KD value at the nM level, and that the 12–22 Fab has a weaker binding affinity (KD ~ μM) with the RABVG compared to the 15–13 Fab. Furthermore, we determined the amino acid sequences of both the antibodies and the designed single-chain Fv fragments (scFvs) of the 15–13 and 12–22 antibodies as another potential biopharmaceutical for targeting rabies. The 15–13 and 12–22 scFvs were successfully prepared by the refolding method and were shown to interact with the RABVG at the nM level and the μM level of the KD, respectively. These binding characteristics were similar to that of each Fab. On the other hand, differential scanning fluorometry (DSF) revealed that the thermal stability of these scFvs decreases compared to their Fabs. While the improvement of the stability of scFvs will still be required, these results provide insights into the neutralizing activity and the potential therapeutic use of antibody fragments for RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yumoto
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Tomoaki Arisaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Kyosuke Aoki
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Toyoyuki Ose
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Naoto Ito
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; (K.O.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (N.I.)
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; (K.Y.); (T.A.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan;
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Correspondence:
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27
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Nitschel S, Zaeck LM, Potratz M, Nolden T, te Kamp V, Franzke K, Höper D, Pfaff F, Finke S. Point Mutations in the Glycoprotein Ectodomain of Field Rabies Viruses Mediate Cell Culture Adaptation through Improved Virus Release in a Host Cell Dependent and Independent Manner. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101989. [PMID: 34696419 PMCID: PMC8538267 DOI: 10.3390/v13101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular details of field rabies virus (RABV) adaptation to cell culture replication are insufficiently understood. A better understanding of adaptation may not only reveal requirements for efficient RABV replication in cell lines, but may also provide novel insights into RABV biology and adaptation-related loss of virulence and pathogenicity. Using two recombinant field rabies virus clones (rRABV Dog and rRABV Fox), we performed virus passages in three different cell lines to identify cell culture adaptive mutations. Ten passages were sufficient for the acquisition of adaptive mutations in the glycoprotein G and in the C-terminus of phosphoprotein P. Apart from the insertion of a glycosylation sequon via the mutation D247N in either virus, both acquired additional and cell line-specific mutations after passages on BHK (K425N) and MDCK-II (R346S or R350G) cells. As determined by virus replication kinetics, complementation, and immunofluorescence analysis, the major bottleneck in cell culture replication was the intracellular accumulation of field virus G protein, which was overcome after the acquisition of the adaptive mutations. Our data indicate that limited release of extracellular infectious virus at the plasma membrane is a defined characteristic of highly virulent field rabies viruses and we hypothesize that the observed suboptimal release of infectious virions is due to the inverse correlation of virus release and virulence in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Nitschel
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Madlin Potratz
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Tobias Nolden
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Verena te Kamp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
| | - Kati Franzke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Infectiology (IMED), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany;
| | - Dirk Höper
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (D.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Diagnostic Virology (IVD), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (D.H.); (F.P.)
| | - Stefan Finke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology (IMVZ), 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany; (S.N.); (L.M.Z.); (M.P.); (T.N.); (V.t.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-71283
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28
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S19W, T27W, and N330Y mutations in ACE2 enhance SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding toward both wild-type and antibody-resistant viruses and its molecular basis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:343. [PMID: 34531369 PMCID: PMC8444507 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 recognizes, via its spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD), human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate infection. Ecto-domain protein of ACE2 can therefore function as a decoy. Here we show that mutations of S19W, T27W, and N330Y in ACE2 could individually enhance SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding. Y330 could be synergistically combined with either W19 or W27, whereas W19 and W27 are mutually unbeneficial. The structures of SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD bound to the ACE2 mutants reveal that the enhanced binding is mainly contributed by the van der Waals interactions mediated by the aromatic side-chains from W19, W27, and Y330. While Y330 and W19/W27 are distantly located and devoid of any steric interference, W19 and W27 are shown to orient their side-chains toward each other and to cause steric conflicts, explaining their incompatibility. Finally, using pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 viruses, we demonstrate that these residue substitutions are associated with dramatically improved entry-inhibition efficacy toward both wild-type and antibody-resistant viruses. Taken together, our biochemical and structural data have delineated the basis for the elevated S-RBD binding associated with S19W, T27W, and N330Y mutations in ACE2, paving the way for potential application of these mutants in clinical treatment of COVID-19.
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29
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Glycoproteins of Predicted Amphibian and Reptile Lyssaviruses Can Mediate Infection of Mammalian and Reptile Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091726. [PMID: 34578307 PMCID: PMC8473393 DOI: 10.3390/v13091726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyssaviruses are neurotropic rhabdoviruses thought to be restricted to mammalian hosts, and to originate from bats. The identification of lyssavirus sequences from amphibians and reptiles by metatranscriptomics thus comes as a surprise and challenges the mammalian origin of lyssaviruses. The novel sequences of the proposed American tree frog lyssavirus (ATFLV) and anole lizard lyssavirus (ALLV) reveal substantial phylogenetic distances from each other and from bat lyssaviruses, with ATFLV being the most distant. As virus isolation has not been successful yet, we have here studied the functionality of the authentic ATFLV- and ALLV-encoded glycoproteins in the context of rabies virus pseudotype particles. Cryogenic electron microscopy uncovered the incorporation of the plasmid-encoded G proteins in viral envelopes. Infection experiments revealed the infectivity of ATFLV and ALLV G-coated RABV pp for a broad spectrum of cell lines from humans, bats, and reptiles, demonstrating membrane fusion activities. As presumed, ATFLV and ALLV G RABV pp escaped neutralization by human rabies immune sera. The present findings support the existence of contagious lyssaviruses in poikilothermic animals, and reveal a broad cell tropism in vitro, similar to that of the rabies virus.
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30
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Zhao YJ, He WM, Zhao ZY, Li WH, Wang QW, Hou YN, Tan Y, Zhang D. Acidic pH irreversibly activates the signaling enzyme SARM1. FEBS J 2021; 288:6783-6794. [PMID: 34213829 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SARM1, an executioner in axon degeneration, is an autoinhibitory NAD-consuming enzyme, composed of multiple domains. NMN and its analogs, CZ-48 and VMN, are the only known activators, which can release the inhibitory ARM domain from the enzymatic TIR domain. Here, we document that acid can also activate SARM1, even more efficiently than NMN, possibly via the protonation of the negative residues. Systematic mutagenesis revealed that a single mutation, E689Q in TIR, led to the constitutive activation of SARM1. It forms a salt bridge with R216 in the neighboring ARM, maintaining the autoinhibitory structure. Using this 'acid activation' protocol, mutation K597E was found to inhibit activation, while H685A eliminated SARM1 catalytic activity, revealing two distinct inhibitory mechanisms. The protocol has also been applied to differentiate two classes of chemical inhibitors. NAD, dHNN, disulfiram, CHAPS, and TRX-100 mainly inhibited the activation process, while nicotinamide and Tweens mainly inhibited SARM1 catalysis. Taken together, we demonstrate a new mechanism for SARM1 activation and decipher two distinct inhibitory mechanisms of SARM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, China.,Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, China
| | - Wei Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, China
| | - Zhi Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, China
| | - Wan Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, China.,Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, China
| | - Yun Nan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University Town, China
| | - Yongjun Tan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, MO, USA.,Program of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
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31
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Beilstein F, Abou Hamdan A, Raux H, Belot L, Ouldali M, Albertini AA, Gaudin Y. Identification of a pH-Sensitive Switch in VSV-G and a Crystal Structure of the G Pre-fusion State Highlight the VSV-G Structural Transition Pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108042. [PMID: 32814045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
VSV fusion machinery, like that of many other enveloped viruses, is triggered at low pH in endosomes after virion endocytosis. It was suggested that some histidines could play the role of pH-sensitive switches. By mutating histidine residues H22, H60, H132, H162, H389, H397, H407, and H409, we demonstrate that residues H389 and D280, facing each other in the six-helix bundle of the post-fusion state, and more prominently H407, located at the interface between the C-terminal part of the ectodomain and the fusion domain, are crucial for fusion. Passages of recombinant viruses bearing mutant G resulted in the selection of compensatory mutations. Thus, the H407A mutation in G resulted in two independent compensatory mutants, L396I and S422I. Together with a crystal structure of G, presented here, which extends our knowledge of G pre-fusion structure, this indicates that the conformational transition is initiated by refolding of the C-terminal part of the G ectodomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Beilstein
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Abbas Abou Hamdan
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Raux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laura Belot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Malika Ouldali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Aurélie A Albertini
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Yves Gaudin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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32
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Fisher CR, Lowe DE, Smith TG, Yang Y, Hutson CL, Wirblich C, Cingolani G, Schnell MJ. Lyssavirus Vaccine with a Chimeric Glycoprotein Protects across Phylogroups. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107920. [PMID: 32697993 PMCID: PMC7373069 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is nearly 100% lethal in the absence of treatment, killing an estimated 59,000 people annually. Vaccines and biologics are highly efficacious when administered properly. Sixteen rabies-related viruses (lyssaviruses) are similarly lethal, but some are divergent enough to evade protection from current vaccines and biologics, which are based only on the classical rabies virus (RABV). Here we present the development and characterization of LyssaVax, a vaccine featuring a structurally designed, functional chimeric glycoprotein (G) containing immunologically important domains from both RABV G and the highly divergent Mokola virus (MOKV) G. LyssaVax elicits high titers of antibodies specific to both RABV and MOKV Gs in mice. Immune sera also neutralize a range of wild-type lyssaviruses across the major phylogroups. LyssaVax-immunized mice are protected against challenge with recombinant RABV and MOKV. Altogether, LyssaVax demonstrates the utility of structural modeling in vaccine design and constitutes a broadened lyssavirus vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Fisher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David E Lowe
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Todd G Smith
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Christina L Hutson
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Christoph Wirblich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Matthias J Schnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Jefferson Vaccine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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33
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Tang X, Cao J, Zhang J, Xing J, Sheng X, Zhan W. Development of monoclonal antibody against glycoprotein of hirame novirhabdovirus (HIRRV) with virus neutralizing activity. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104868. [PMID: 33771630 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV) is one of the most important viruses of fish, posing a great threat to the fish industry in Asia and Europe. The glycoprotein (G) of HIRRV is known to play important roles in virus attachment and entry, making it an ideal target for both diagnosis and therapy. In this study, a truncated G of HIRRV was expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Using the recombinant G protein (rG), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared by the hybridoma technology. Subsequently, positive clones were screened by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and further characterized by Western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). ELISA results showed that two mAbs (3E5 and 4D10) could react with the rG, as well as the purified HIRRV. Western blot analysis showed that the mAbs belong to the IgG isotype and could recognize a 60 kDa viral protein, which is consistent with the molecular weight of G protein and determined to be the G protein of HIRRV by mass spectrometry. The virions in HIRRV-infected EPC could also be recognized by two mAbs in IFA. Moreover, neutralization assay showed that mAb 4D10 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of HIRRV and delay the development of cytopathic effect in viral-infected EPC cells, and in vivo neutralization assay also showed that mAb 4D10 could significantly reduce the mortality of HIRRV-infected flounder, indicating that mAb 4D10 can partially neutralize the HIRRV infection. Western blot analysis showed that mAb 4D10 could specifically bind the C-terminal domain of HIRRV-G protein. These results demonstrated that the produced mAbs could specifically recognize the G protein of HIRRV and displayed virus-neutralizing activity in vitro and in vivo, which could serve as effective detection probes and potential neutralizing antibodies for HIRRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLM, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No.1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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34
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COVID-19 Susceptibility in Bronchial Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:684-692.e1. [PMID: 33242628 PMCID: PMC7683297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Bronchial asthma has not been adequately assessed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory allergy is associated with significant reductions in the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is the entry receptor for COVID-19. Objective To observe COVID-19 susceptibility in patients with bronchial asthma, analyze the prevalence of asthma in a large cohort of consecutive outpatient subjects who were tested with the RT-PCR assay for COVID-19. Methods This was a retrospective population-based cross-sectional study using data from a large nationwide health maintenance organization in Israel. All health maintenance organization enrollees who had been tested for COVID-19 from February to June 2020 were included. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between the subjects with negative and positive COVID-19 RT-PCR test results and between COVID-19 RT-PCR–positive subjects with and without asthma were analyzed. Results A total of 37,469 subjects were tested for COVID-19 RT-PCR, and results for 2,266 (6.05%) of them were positive. A significantly higher proportion of smokers was observed in the COVID-19–negative group than in the COVID-19–positive group (4734 [13.45%] vs 103 [4.55%]; P < .001). Asthma was found in 153 (6.75 %) subjects of the COVID-19–positive group and in 3388 (9.62%) subjects of the COVID-19–negative group (P < .001). No significant impact of antileukotrienes, inhaled corticosteroids, and long-acting beta-blockers use was revealed on COVID-19 positivity proportions. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, smoking, and comorbidity revealed a negative association of asthma with the likelihood of being positive for COVID-19 (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87; P = .001). Conclusions We observed lower COVID-19 susceptibility in patients with preexisting asthma.
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35
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Rohde RE, Rupprecht CE. Update on lyssaviruses and rabies: will past progress play as prologue in the near term towards future elimination? Fac Rev 2020; 9:9. [PMID: 33659941 PMCID: PMC7886060 DOI: 10.12703/b/9-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient, much-feared, and neglected infectious disease. Caused by pathogens in the family Rhabdoviridae, genus Lyssavirus, and distributed globally, this viral zoonosis results in tens of thousands of human fatalities and millions of exposures annually. All mammals are believed susceptible, but only certain taxa act as reservoirs. Dependence upon direct routing to, replication within, and passage from the central nervous system serves as a basic viral strategy for perpetuation. By a combination of stealth and subversion, lyssaviruses are quintessential neurotropic agents and cause an acute, progressive encephalitis. No treatment exists, so prevention is the key. Although not a disease considered for eradication, something of a modern rebirth has been occurring within the field as of late with regard to detection, prevention, and management as well as applied research. For example, within the past decade, new lyssaviruses have been characterized; sensitive and specific diagnostics have been optimized; pure, potent, safe, and efficacious human biologics have improved human prophylaxis; regional efforts have controlled canine rabies by mass immunization; wildlife rabies has been controlled by oral rabies vaccination over large geographic areas in Europe and North America; and debate has resumed over the controversial topic of therapy. Based upon such progress to date, there are certain expectations for the next 10 years. These include pathogen discovery, to uncover additional lyssaviruses in the Old World; laboratory-based surveillance enhancement by simplified, rapid testing; anti-viral drug appearance, based upon an improved appreciation of viral pathobiology and host response; and improvements to canine rabies elimination regionally throughout Africa, Asia, and the Americas by application of the best technical, organizational, economic, and socio-political practices. Significantly, anticipated Gavi support will enable improved access of human rabies vaccines in lesser developed countries at a national level, with integrated bite management, dose-sparing regimens, and a 1 week vaccination schedule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney E Rohde
- Clinical Laboratory Science, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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36
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Abstract
Herpesviruses are ubiquitous, double-stranded DNA, enveloped viruses that establish lifelong infections and cause a range of diseases. Entry into host cells requires binding of the virus to specific receptors, followed by the coordinated action of multiple viral entry glycoproteins to trigger membrane fusion. Although the core fusion machinery is conserved for all herpesviruses, each species uses distinct receptors and receptor-binding glycoproteins. Structural studies of the prototypical herpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) entry glycoproteins have defined the interaction sites for glycoprotein complexes and receptors, and have revealed conformational changes that occur on receptor binding. Recent crystallography and electron microscopy studies have refined our model of herpesvirus entry into cells, clarifying both the conserved features and the unique features. In this Review, we discuss recent insights into herpesvirus entry by analysing the structures of entry glycoproteins, including the diverse receptor-binding glycoproteins (HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD), EBV glycoprotein 42 (gp42) and HCMV gH-gL-gO trimer and gH-gL-UL128-UL130-UL131A pentamer), as well gH-gL and the fusion protein gB, which are conserved in all herpesviruses.
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37
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Vollmer B, Pražák V, Vasishtan D, Jefferys EE, Hernandez-Duran A, Vallbracht M, Klupp BG, Mettenleiter TC, Backovic M, Rey FA, Topf M, Grünewald K. The prefusion structure of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc1726. [PMID: 32978151 PMCID: PMC7518877 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell entry of enveloped viruses requires specialized viral proteins that mediate fusion with the host membrane by substantial structural rearrangements from a metastable pre- to a stable postfusion conformation. This metastability renders the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) fusion glycoprotein B (gB) highly unstable such that it readily converts into the postfusion form, thereby precluding structural elucidation of the pharmacologically relevant prefusion conformation. By identification of conserved sequence signatures and molecular dynamics simulations, we devised a mutation that stabilized this form. Functionally locking gB allowed the structural determination of its membrane-embedded prefusion conformation at sub-nanometer resolution and enabled the unambiguous fit of all ectodomains. The resulting pseudo-atomic model reveals a notable conservation of conformational domain rearrangements during fusion between HSV-1 gB and the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G, despite their very distant phylogeny. In combination with our comparative sequence-structure analysis, these findings suggest common fusogenic domain rearrangements in all class III viral fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vollmer
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Department of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie, Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Pražák
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Department of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Vasishtan
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Department of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E E Jefferys
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - M Vallbracht
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - B G Klupp
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - T C Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - M Backovic
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Paris, France
| | - F A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Paris, France
| | - M Topf
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, London, UK
| | - K Grünewald
- Oxford Particle Imaging Centre, Department of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Experimentelle Virologie, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, MIN Faculty, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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38
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Changeux JP, Amoura Z, Rey FA, Miyara M. A nicotinic hypothesis for Covid-19 with preventive and therapeutic implications. C R Biol 2020; 343:33-39. [PMID: 32720486 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 epidemics raises a considerable issue of public health at the planetary scale. There is a pressing urgency to find treatments based upon currently available scientific knowledge. Therefore, we tentatively propose a hypothesis which hopefully might ultimately help save lives. Based on the current scientific literature and on new epidemiological data which reveal that current smoking status appears to be a protective factor against the infection by SARS-CoV-2 [1], we hypothesize that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of Covid-19 infection and might represent a target for the prevention and control of Covid-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Changeux
- Institut Pasteur CNRS UMR 3571 Department of Neuroscience and Collège de France, Paris France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris).,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Médecine Interne 2, Maladies auto-immune et systémiques Institut E3M
| | - Felix A Rey
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur Paris France
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris).,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Immunologie, Paris, France
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Luo J, Zhang B, Lyu Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Guo X. Single amino acid change at position 255 in rabies virus glycoprotein decreases viral pathogenicity. FASEB J 2020; 34:9650-9663. [PMID: 32469133 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902577r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the amino acid at position 333 in the glycoprotein (G) is closely related to rabies virus (RABV) pathogenicity. However, whether there are other amino acid residues in G that relate to pathogenicity remain unclear. The aim of this study is to find new amino acid residues in G that could strongly reduce RABV pathogenicity. The present study found that the pathogenicity of a virulent strain was strongly attenuated when the amino acid glycine (Gly) replaced the aspartic acid (Asp) at position 255 in G (D255G) as intracranial (i.c.) infection with this D255G mutant virus did not cause death in adult mice. The indexes of neurotropism of the D255G mutant strain and the parent GD-SH-01 are 0.72 and 10.0, respectively, which indicate that the D255G mutation decreased the neurotropism of RABV. In addition, the D255G mutation significantly decreased RABV replication in the mouse brain. Furthermore, the D255G mutation enhanced the immune response in mice, which contributed to the clearance of RABV after infection. The Asp255 → Gly255 mutation was genetically stable in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we describe a new referenced amino acid site in G that relates to the pathogenicity of RABV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Lyu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Luo J, Zhang B, Wu Y, Guo X. Amino Acid Mutation in Position 349 of Glycoprotein Affect the Pathogenicity of Rabies Virus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:481. [PMID: 32308648 PMCID: PMC7145897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies, caused by rabies virus (RABV), is a zoonotic disease infecting mammals including humans. Studies have confirmed that glycoprotein (G) is most related to RABV pathogenicity. In the present study, to discover more amino acid sites related to viral pathogenicity, artificial mutants have been constructed in G of virulent strain GD-SH-01 backbone. Results showed that pathogenicity of GD-SH-01 significantly decreased when Gly349 was replaced by Glu349 through in vivo assays. Gly349→Glu349 of G did not significantly influence viral growth and spread in NA cells. Gly349→Glu349 of G increased the immunogenicity of GD-SH-01 in periphery and induced more expression of interferon alpha (IFN-α) in the brain in mice. It was observed that Gly349→Glu349 of G led to enhanced blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability at day 5 postinfection. All together, these data revealed that Gly349→Glu349 of G mutation decreased RABV pathogenicity through enhanced immune response and increased BBB permeability. This study provides a new referenced site G349 that could attenuate pathogenicity of RABV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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