1
|
Telgmann L, Horn H. The behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds and contrast agents during wastewater treatment - Combining sampling strategies and analytical techniques: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174344. [PMID: 38964417 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and the respective consequences for the aquatic environment have been the focus of many studies over the last thirty years. Various aspects in this field were investigated, considering diverse pharmaceutical groups and employing a wide range of research methodologies. Various questions from the perspectives of different research areas were devised and answered, resulting in a large mix of individual findings and conclusions. Collectively, the results of the studies offer a comprehensive overview. The large variety of methods and strategies, however, demands close attention when comparing and combining information from heterogeneous projects. This review critically examines the application of diverse sampling techniques as well as analytical methods in investigations concerning the behavior of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and contrast agents (CAs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The combination of sampling and analysis is discussed with regard to its suitability for specific scientific problems. Different research focuses need different methods and answer different questions. An overview of studies dealing with the fate and degradation of PhACs and CAs in WWTPs is presented, discussing their strategic approaches and findings. This review includes surveys of anticancer drugs, antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, antidiabetics, beta blockers, hormonal contraceptives, lipid lowering agents, antidepressants as well as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Telgmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Department Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Institut, Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martínez-Quintela M, Balboa S, Coves JR, Omil F, Suárez S. Influence of metabolism and microbiology on organic micropollutants biotransformation in anoxic heterotrophic reactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:129983. [PMID: 36193613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is scarce information about the biotransformation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) under anoxic conditions. In this study, a heterotrophic denitrifying bioreactor was set up to study the fate of several OMPs from metabolic and microbiological points of view. Primary metabolic activity was increased by adding progressively higher nitrogen loading rates during the operation (from 0.075 to 0.4 g N-NO3- L-1 d-1), which resulted in an important shift in the microbial population from a specialized biomass to a more diverse community. Such a change provoked a significant increase in the removal efficiency of erythromycin (ERY), roxithromycin (ROX) and bisphenol-A (BPA), and some bacterial taxa, such as Rhodoplanes, were identified as possible indicators related to the biodegradation of these compounds. The increasing primary metabolic activity in the reactor did not enhance the OMP-specific removal rates, suggesting that the bacterial composition is more influential than cometabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martínez-Quintela
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sabela Balboa
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José R Coves
- Galician Water Research Center Foundation (Cetaqua Galicia), AquaHub - A Vila da Auga, Rúa José Villar Granjel 33, E-15890 Santia go de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Omil
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Suárez
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang W, Fourcade F, Amrane A, Geneste F. Removal of Iodine-Containing X-ray Contrast Media from Environment: The Challenge of a Total Mineralization. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010341. [PMID: 36615536 PMCID: PMC9822505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) as emerging micropollutants have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their high detected concentration in water systems. It results in environmental issues partly due to the formation of toxic by-products during the disinfection process in water treatment. Consequently, various approaches have been investigated by researchers in order to achieve ICM total mineralization. This review discusses the different methods that have been used to degrade them, with special attention to the mineralization yield and to the nature of formed by-products. The problem of pollution by ICM is discussed in the first part dedicated to the presence of ICM in the environment and its consequences. In the second part, the processes for ICM treatment including biological treatment, advanced oxidation/reductive processes, and coupled processes are reviewed in detail. The main results and mechanisms involved in each approach are described, and by-products identified during the different treatments are listed. Moreover, based on their efficiency and their cost-effectiveness, the prospects and process developments of ICM treatment are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Fourcade
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (F.G.)
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Geneste
- CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (F.F.); (F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Y, Lu L, Wang J, Zhong W, Chi X, Muddassir M, Sakiyama H, Singh A. Construction of a 1D Cu(I)-based coordination polymer as a luminescent sensor for antibiotics and a photocatalyst for dye degradation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Lu H, Liu M, Cui H, Huang Y, Li L, Ding Y. An advanced molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based bifunctional monomers for highly sensitive detection of nitrofurazone. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Yang H, Li X, Zheng X, Zhi H, Tang G, Ke Y, Liu B, Ma H. Comparing the toxicity of iodinated X-ray contrast media on eukaryote- and prokaryote-based quantified microarray assays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 240:113678. [PMID: 35653977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the toxicity mechanisms of four X-ray-based iodinated contrast media (ICM) on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and yeast microarray assays, aiming to determine the diverse toxicity mechanisms among different exposed organisms and the relationship between toxicity and their physical and chemical characteristics. The conventional phenotypic endpoint cytotoxicity and the change in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were employed in conjunction with toxicogenomics to quantify changes in the gene/protein biomarker level in the regulation of different damage/repair pathways. The results showed that molecular toxicity endpoints, named transcriptional effect level index (TELI) and protein effect level index (PELI) for E. coli and yeast, respectively, correlated well with the phenotypic endpoints. Temporal altered gene/protein expression profiles revealed dynamic and complex damage/toxic mechanisms. In particular, compared with E. coli cells, yeast cells exposed to ICM exhibited significantly higher stress intensity and diverse stress types, resulting in stress or damage to the organism. The toxic mechanisms of ICM are concentration/property-dependent and relevant to the cellular structure and defense systems in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In particular, the toxicity of ionic ICM is higher than that of non-ionic ICM, and eukaryotes are more susceptible than prokaryotes to ICM exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
| | - Hegang Zhi
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, United States
| | - Gang Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yanchun Ke
- Aerospace Kaitian environmental technology co. ltd., Changsha 410100, China
| | - Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in North west Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sellier A, Khaska S, Le Gal La Salle C. Assessment of the occurrence of 455 pharmaceutical compounds in sludge according to their physical and chemical properties: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128104. [PMID: 34996022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sludge agronomical reuse is of major interest due to the beneficial contribution of nutrients. However, it implies the introduction of unregulated pharmaceuticals into amended-soils and creates a controversial issue about sludge management. To limit their dissemination, it is essential to identify the compounds of interest and understand their attenuation mechanisms through the sludge processes. This paper summarizes the knowledge on 455 investigated pharmaceuticals among 32 therapeutical categories in amendable sludge matrices. It contributes to enlarging the list of commonly quantified compounds to 305 residues including 84 additional compounds compared to previous reviews. It highlights that sorption appears as the main mechanism controlling the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in sludge matrices and shows the considerable residual levels of pharmaceuticals reaching several mg/kg in dry weight. Antibiotics, stimulants, and antidepressants show the highest concentrations up to 232 mg/kg, while diuretics, anti-anxieties or anticoagulants present the lowest concentrations reaching up to 686 µg/kg. Collected data show the increase in investigated compounds as antifungals or antihistamines, and underline emerging categories like antidiabetics, antivirals, or antiarrhythmics. The in-depth analysis of the substantial database guides onto the pharmaceuticals that are the most likely to occur in these amendable matrices to assist future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Sellier
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Somar Khaska
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| | - Corinne Le Gal La Salle
- CHROME Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes, 30021 Nîmes Cedex 01 - FRANCE.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang G, Su M, Zhang W, Liu Y, Chen C, Li S. Evaluation of three sorbent-phase extraction techniques based on hyper-crosslinked polymer for the extraction of five endocrine disrupters in water. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:760-770. [PMID: 34856057 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of low-cost hyper-crosslinked polymers were prepared by an easy one-step Friedel-Crafts reaction. The synthesized hyper-crosslinked polymers exhibited remarkably porous structure, large surface area, and hydroxyl groups, which can be employed as an ideal adsorbent material for novel sorbent-phase extraction techniques. Based on this, using hyper-crosslinked polymers as sorbent and coating, three novel extraction methods, including micro-solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction, were explored and evaluated for simultaneous measurement of five endocrine-disrupting compounds (triclosan and bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A bisallylether, and tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether)) in environment water prior to high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The influence of experimental parameters on three extraction techniques such as extraction time, the amount of hyper-crosslinked polymers, extraction temperature, ionic strength, and desorption conditions were optimized. Three previously mentioned methods provided limits of detection ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 μg/L, and high recoveries (85-99%) with relative standard deviations of 1.7-5.6%. This study presented the merits and disadvantages of three proposed extraction methods and their potential for effective monitoring of hazardous pollutants in real water samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqi Huang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Su
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| | - Yamin Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| | - Simin Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Kennes-Veiga DM, Vogler B, Fenner K, Carballa M, Lema JM. Heterotrophic enzymatic biotransformations of organic micropollutants in activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146564. [PMID: 33774287 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While heterotrophic microorganisms constitute the major fraction of activated sludge biomass, the role of heterotrophs in the biotransformation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) has not been fully elucidated. Yet, such knowledge is essential, particularly when conceiving novel wastewater treatment plants based on a two-stage process including an A-stage under heterotrophic conditions and a B-stage based on anammox activity. Biotransformation of OMPs in activated sludge is thought to mostly occur cometabolically thanks to the action of low specificity enzymes involved in the metabolism of the primary substrates. For a better understanding of the process, it is important to determine such enzymatic activities and the underlying mechanisms involved in OMPs biotransformation. This task has proven to be difficult due to the lack of information about the enzymatic processes and the complexity of the biological systems present in activated sludge. In this paper, a continuous aerobic heterotrophic reactor following 20 OMPs at environmental concentrations was operated to (i) assess the potential of heterotrophs during the cometabolic biotransformation of OMPs, (ii) identify biotransformation reactions catalyzed by aerobic heterotrophs and (iii) predict possible heterotrophic enzymatic activities responsible for such biotransformations. Contradicting previous reports on the dominant role of nitrifiers in OMPs removal during activated sludge treatment, the heterotrophic population proved its capacity to biotransform the OMPs to extents equivalent to reported values in nitrifying activated sludge plants. Besides, 12 transformation products potentially formed through the activity of several enzymes present in heterotrophs, including monooxygenases, dioxygenases, hydrolases and transferases, were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Kennes-Veiga
- Cretus Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Bernadette Vogler
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Carballa
- Cretus Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- Cretus Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee JY, Lee YM, Kim TK, Choi K, Zoh KD. Degradation of cyclophosphamide during UV/chlorine reaction: Kinetics, byproducts, and their toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128817. [PMID: 33162158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used anticancer drug and an immunosuppressant. Since CP is nonbiodegradable, it is hardly removed by the conventional wastewater treatment processes, resulting in continuous detection in surface water. In this study, the degradation of CP during the UV-B/chlorine reaction was investigated. CP was not degraded by UV-B photolysis and chlorination only but was effectively degraded in the UV-B/chlorine reaction with pseudo-first-order kinetics. Acidic pH conditions in the UV-B/chlorine reaction showed the most effective removal of CP. More than 56% of the CP was mineralized within 8 h of the reaction. Seven organic transformation products (TPs) (m/z = 141.01, 192.10, 198.03, 212.01, 258.01, 274.00, and 276.02, respectively) and four inorganic byproducts (NH4+, NO3-, HCOO-, and PO43-) were identified using LC-qTOF/MS and ion chromatography, respectively. Microtox test based on bioluminescence inhibition showed that the toxicity inhibition increased to 88% as the reaction proceeded during the UV/chlorine reaction, probably due to the production of TPs, especially TP 258 (m/z = 258.01). The results of this study imply that the toxicity of TPs needs to be reduced when applying a UV-B/chlorination process to treat CP in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Kyoung Kim
- Environmental Fate and Exposure Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Zoh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Overview of Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods to Analysis Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Waters Matrices. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the environment, pharmaceutical residues are a field of particular interest due to the adverse effects to either human health or aquatic and soil environment. Because of the diversity of these compounds, at least 3000 substances were identified and categorized into 49 different therapeutic classes, and several actions are urgently required at multiple steps, the main ones: (i) occurrence studies of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the water cycle; (ii) the analysis of the potential impact of their introduction into the aquatic environment; (iii) the removal/degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds; and, (iv) the development of more sensible and selective analytical methods to their monitorization. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art sample preparation methods and chromatographic analysis applied to the study of PhACs in water matrices by pinpointing their advantages and drawbacks. Because it is almost impossible to be comprehensive in all PhACs, instruments, extraction techniques, and applications, this overview focuses on works that were published in the last ten years, mainly those applicable to water matrices.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kennes-Veiga DM, Gonzalez-Gil L, Carballa M, Lema JM. The organic loading rate affects organic micropollutants' cometabolic biotransformation kinetics under heterotrophic conditions in activated sludge. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116587. [PMID: 33188990 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that organic micropollutants (OMPs) are biotransformed cometabolically in activated sludge systems. However, the individual role of heterotrophs in the microbial consortium is still not clear, i.e., there is still a gap regarding the influence of the heterotrophic activity on the cometabolic biotransformation kinetics and yield of the OMPs. Aiming to answer these questions, experiments with increasing primary substrate concentrations were performed under aerobic heterotrophic conditions in a continuous stirred tank reactor operated at several organic loading rates (OLR) with fixed hydraulic retention time. Moreover, the individual kinetic parameters were determined in batch assays with different initial substrate concentrations using the sludges from the continuous reactor. A set of 15 OMPs displaying a variety of physicochemical properties were spiked to the feeding in the ng L-1 - µg L-1 range. Results reveal that the biodegradation of the primary carbon source and the biotransformation of the OMPs occur simultaneously, in clear evidence of cometabolic behavior. Moreover, we conclude that the OMPs biotransformation kinetic constant (kbiol) shows a linear dependence with the OLR of the primary substrate for most of the compounds studied, suggesting that the heterotrophic activity seriously affects the OMPs biotransformation kinetics. However, under typical activated sludge systems operating conditions (hydraulic retention times above 8 h), their biotransformation yield would not be significantly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Kennes-Veiga
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Gil
- Defence University Centre, Spanish Naval Academy, Plaza de España, 36920 Marín, Spain
| | - Marta Carballa
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Juan M Lema
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dubey M, Mohapatra S, Tyagi VK, Suthar S, Kazmi AA. Occurrence, fate, and persistence of emerging micropollutants in sewage sludge treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116515. [PMID: 33493756 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sludge generated at sewage treatment plants is of environmental concern due to the voluminous production and the presence of a high concentration of emerging contaminants (ECs). This review discusses the fate of ECs in sewage sludge treatment with an emphasis on fundamental mechanisms driving the degradation of compounds based on chemical properties of the contaminant and process operating conditions. The removal of ECs in sewage sludge through various treatment processes of sludge stabilization, such as anaerobic digestion (AD), composting, and pre-treatment methods (thermal, sonication, and oxidation) followed by AD, are discussed. Several transformation mechanisms and remediation strategies for the removal of ECs in sludge are summarized. The study concludes that pH, sludge type, and the types of functional groups are the key factors affecting the sorption of ECs to sludge. During conventional waste stabilization processes such as composting, the degradation of ECs depends on the type of feedstock (TOC, N, P, C/N, C/P) and the initial concentration of the contaminant. In AD, the degree of degradation depends on the hydrophilicity of the compound. The estrogenicity of the sludge may sometimes increase due to the conversion to estrogenic compounds. The pre-treatment techniques can increase the partitioning of ECs in the soluble fraction resulting in enhanced biodegradation up to 10-60%. However, the formation of by-products and loss of OH· to scavenging under high organic content during advanced oxidation processes can make the process uneconomical and require further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeeb Mohapatra
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1-Create Way, #15-02 Create Tower, 138602, Singapore
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Absar Ahmad Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bajkacz S, Adamczewska P, Kokoszka K, Kycia-Słocka E, Sochacki A, Felis E. Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction of Selected Anticonvulsant and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Sediment Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235671. [PMID: 33271858 PMCID: PMC7729498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the production and consumption of pharmaceuticals increases their presence in the global environment, which may result in direct threats to living organisms. For this reason, there is a need for new methods to analyze drugs in environmental samples. Here, a new procedure for separating and determining selected drugs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine) from bottom sediment and water samples was developed. Drugs were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV). In this work, a universal and single-step sample treatment, based on supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS), was proposed to isolate selected anticonvulsants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from sediment samples. The following parameters were experimentally selected: composition of the supramolecular solvent (composition THF:H2O (v/v), amount of decanoic acid), volume of extractant, sample mass, extraction time, centrifugation time, and centrifugation speed. Finally, the developed procedure was validated. A Speedisk procedure was also developed to extract selected drugs from water samples. The recovery of analytes using the SUPRAS procedure was in the range of 88.8-115%, while the recoveries of the Speedisk solid-phase extraction procedure ranged from 81.0-106%. The effectiveness of the sorption of the tested drugs by sediment was also examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paulina Adamczewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Klaudia Kokoszka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Elżbieta Kycia-Słocka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Adam Sochacki
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.S.); (E.F.)
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Felis
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.S.); (E.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tasselli S, Guzzella L. Polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in wastewater and activated sludge: analytical protocol and application to a real case study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30977-30986. [PMID: 31933071 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two different analytical methods for the determination of polycyclic musk fragrances (PMFs) in wastewater and in activated sludge were developed. PMFs in filtered water samples were determined by gas chromatography coupled with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. Activated sludge samples were extracted using an ultrasonic bath and analysed using a GC-Ion trap. The developed methods respected a linear model (R2 > 0.995). Detection limits of selected compounds (Celestolide, Galaxolide, Galaxolidone, Phantolide and Tonalide) varied from 1.7 to 80 ng L-1 for water and from 0.1 ng g-1 to 210 ng g-1 for activated sludge considering laboratory contamination for each PMF. Recovery studies were performed on spiked water samples and, for sludges, on procedural blanks, showing recoveries above 70% for all the considered compounds, while recovery of the internal standard was always above limit of acceptance (30%). Proposed methods were used to determine PMFs concentrations in wastewaters and activated sludges of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Northern Italy. Concentrations in the range of μg L-1 of Galaxolide and of its metabolite Galaxolidone were detected even in the WWTP effluent. Biotransformation of Galaxolide into Galaxolidone occurred during biological treatment with the consequent release of this compound through WWTP effluents. In activated sludges, concentrations of all PMFs except Galaxolidone were one order of magnitude higher than wastewaters, as expected according to their physicochemical properties. Present wastewater treatment technologies were confirmed to not be efficient in removing PMFs from influent wastewaters since with only ≃ 30% of Celestolide and Tonalide were removed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tasselli
- National Research Council-Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), S.S. Brugherio via del Mulino 19 (MB), 20861, Brugherio, Italy.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Licia Guzzella
- National Research Council-Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), S.S. Brugherio via del Mulino 19 (MB), 20861, Brugherio, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang H, Bu Q, Wu D, Yu G. Polycyclic musks in surface water and sediments from an urban catchment in the megacity Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114548. [PMID: 32302895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two typical polycyclic musks (PCMs), namely 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-(g)-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), were determined in 63 surface water and 42 sediment samples collected from the North Canal River watershed, an urban catchment located in the megacity Beijing, China. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were 13.2 ng/L-395 ng/L and 2.98 ng/L-232 ng/L in surface water, while 4.10 ng/g-818 ng/g and 1.21 ng/g-731 ng/g in sediments. The results showed that PCM concentrations in the North Canal River watershed were at the high end when compared to that in other regions in China and worldwide. A watershed-wide annual mass budget showed that HHCB (∼150 kg/year) and AHTN (∼80 kg/year) mainly originated from urban wastewaters. Both PCMs were eliminated primarily by outflowing water (72 kg/year and 43 kg/year for HHCB and AHTN, respectively) and due to losses to the atmosphere (40 kg/year and 26 kg/year for HHCB and AHTN, respectively). An assessment of ecological risks posed by HHCB and AHTN to aquatic organisms in the North Canal River watershed was performed by using a tiered ecological risk assessment. The results showed that PCMs were unlikely to pose an ecological risk at the watershed scale (the probability of the incidence of adverse effect was <3.5% at the 99% protection level). However, according to the results from the risk quotient method, the tributaries draining wastewater effluents should be hotspots that warrant further research in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Handan Zhang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Qingwei Bu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Dongkui Wu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Gang Yu
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carneiro RB, Gonzalez-Gil L, Londoño YA, Zaiat M, Carballa M, Lema JM. Acidogenesis is a key step in the anaerobic biotransformation of organic micropollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121888. [PMID: 31879099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of the different anaerobic digestion stages on the removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) is essential to mitigate their release from wastewater treatment plants. This study assessed the fate of 21 OMPs during hydrolysis and acidogenesis to elucidate the contribution of these stages to the overall anaerobic removal. Moreover, the removal mechanisms and factors influencing them were investigated. To this purpose, a fermentation reactor was operated and fed with two different substrates: starch (to jointly evaluate hydrolysis and acidogenesis) and glucose (to isolate acidogenesis). Results indicate that sulfamethoxazole was highly biotransformed (>80 %), while galaxolide, celestolide, tonalide, erythromycin, roxithromycin, trimethoprim, octylphenol and nonylphenol achieved a 50-80 % biotransformation. Since no significant differences in the biotransformation efficiencies were found between starch and glucose fermentation, it is stated that the enzymatic activities involved in starch hydrolysis do not significantly contribute to the cometabolic biotransformation of OMPs, while acidogenesis appears as the major player. Moreover, a higher biotransformation (≥15 percentage points and p ≤ 0.05) was found for galaxolide, celestolide, tonalide, erythromycin and roxithromycin during acidogenesis in comparison with the efficiencies reported for the acetogenic/methanogenic step. The biotransformation of some OMPs was explained considering their chemical structure and the enzymatic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Carneiro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Yudy Andrea Londoño
- GDCON Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Headquarters (SIU), University of Antioquia, Street 70 # 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Marcelo Zaiat
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, 1100, João Dagnone Ave., Santa Angelina, 13563-120, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marta Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Santana-Viera S, Tuček J, Torres-Padrón ME, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ, Halko R. Cytostatic compounds in sludge and sediment: extraction and determination by a combination of microwave-assisted extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3639-3651. [PMID: 32291518 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytostatic compounds are an important group of micro-pollutants since they are used to kill cells or stop cell division. For this reason, they are also considered mutagenic. Several cytostatic compounds have been detected in hospital effluents, in the influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants and even in river water. However, their detection in solid matrices is very scarce. In this work, we have developed a new procedure based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for the extraction of cytostatic compounds from sludge and sediment before determination by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). To develop this procedure, we have chosen a group of eight widely used cytostatic compounds and carried out a systematic experimental design to optimize the extraction conditions. Under these optimal conditions, the studied cytostatic compounds are extracted with good sensitivity, with recoveries ranging from 65 to 122% in sludge and recoveries varying between 49 and 109% in sediment, with the exception of etoposide, which has a lower recovery from these types of samples. The limits of detection were from 0.42 to 79.8 ng g-1 in sludge and from 0.10 to 87.5 ng g-1 in sediment. Intraday and interday relative standard deviations (RSDs) were below 15% and 18%, respectively, in both matrices at the tested concentrations. The total procedure was applied to samples of sludge taken from the main wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the island of Gran Canaria (Spain) and for sediment samples obtained close to the marine outfalls of different wastewater treatment plants for the same island. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Santana-Viera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jozef Tuček
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - María Esther Torres-Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Instituto Universitario de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Radoslav Halko
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lopez-Prieto IJ, Wu S, Ji W, Daniels KD, Snyder SA. A direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the kinetic study on iodinated contrast media (ICMs) removal in natural water. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125311. [PMID: 31759215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iodinated contrast media (ICMs) are a class of X-ray contrast media worldwide utilized for radiographic procedures. Since they cannot be removed efficiently during water treatment, they can be found in surface and groundwater. In this work, a rapid and sensitive direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of seven ICMs media (iopamidol, ioxitalamic acid, diatrizoic acid, iothalamic acid, iohexol, iomeprol and iopromide) in complex aqueous matrices has been developed and validated. The MDLs for the analytes ranged from 0.7 to 21 ng L-1 in ultrapure water, and recoveries ranged from 86 to 100% in drinking water, 85-103% in groundwater and 84-105% in WWTP effluent. A stereo-isomer for iopromide was separated. This analytic method was applied to investigate the removal of target ICMs by low pressure ultra violet light (LPUV) advanced oxidation processes with three oxidants, hydrogen peroxide, free chlorine and monochloramine in groundwater. Results showed that the addition of oxidants did not enhance attenuation of ICMs, since fluence-based decay apparent rate constants were similar (KUV = 3.2 × 10-3, KUV-Cl2 = 3.6 × 10-3 and KUV-NH2 = 3.4 × 10-3 10-3 cm2 mJ-1). This yielded direct photolysis is the main mechanism to attenuate target ICMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Israel J Lopez-Prieto
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, 1133 E. James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, United States
| | - Shimin Wu
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, 1133 E. James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, United States; ER Environmental Protection Engineering TechnologyCo., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Weikang Ji
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, 1133 E. James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, United States
| | - Kevin D Daniels
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, 1133 E. James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, United States; Hazen and Sawyer, 1400 E. Southern Avenue, Suite 340, Tempe, AZ, 85282, United States
| | - Shane A Snyder
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, 1133 E. James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, United States; Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Clean Tech One, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-08, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jia H, Qi Y, Wang X, Xie J, Yu W. Water-stable CdII-based metal–organic framework as a reversible luminescent sensor for NFT with excellent recyclability and selectivity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
22
|
Zhu QQ, He H, Yan Y, Yuan J, Lu DQ, Zhang DY, Sun F, Zhu G. An Exceptionally Stable TbIII-Based Metal–Organic Framework for Selectively and Sensitively Detecting Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7746-7753. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongming He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di-Qiu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Patel M, Kumar R, Kishor K, Mlsna T, Pittman CU, Mohan D. Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3510-3673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kishor
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ramos S, Homem V, Santos L. Development and optimization of a QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS methodology to analyse ultraviolet-filters and synthetic musks in sewage sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2606-2614. [PMID: 30340195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) methodology followed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analysis was developed to extract synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) (6 polycyclic, 2 macrocyclic and 5 nitro musks) and ultraviolet-filters (UVFs) (6 compounds) from sludge. This methodology fills a gap in the literature, since the proposed technique does not require specific equipment, nor large amounts of solvents, sorbents and time to extract SMCs and UVFs from sludge. To optimize this new methodology, a design of experiments (DoE) approach was used, applying first a screening design (SD) and then a central composite design (CCD). The best conditions achieved to extract these 19 compounds simultaneously were: 500 mg freeze dried sludge, 2.5 min of vortex and 15 min ultrasound and the use of a QuEChERS for the dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) containing 500 mg MgSO4, 410 mg C18 and 315 mg PSA. Then, this methodology was successfully validated. Recoveries of the target compounds ranged from 75% (cashmeran, DPMI) to 122% (2‑ethylhexyl 4‑methoxycinnamate, EHMC), with good repeatability (relative standard deviation < 10%). The instrumental detection limits (IDLs) and quantification (IQLs) varied from 0.001 pg (musk moskene, MM) to 7.5 pg (musk xylene, MX) and from 0.003 (MM) to 25 pg (MX), respectively. The method detection and quantification limits (MDLs and MQLs) ranged between 0.5 (DPMI) and 1394 (exaltolide, EXA) ng/g dw and 2 and 4648 ng/g-dw, respectively. Both SMCs and UVFs were detected in all sludge samples analysed. Higher concentrations were found for octocrylene (OC: maximum value of 115,486 ng/g-dw) followed by galaxolide (HHCB: 81,771 ng/g-dw). Only the nitro musks ambrette, xylene, moskene and tibetene and macrocyclic musk ethylene brassylate (EB) were not detected in any sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Lúcia Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu CY, Bai L, Gu F, Wei W, Guo LX, Wen DM. Elimination of typical polycyclic musks in a full-scale membrane bioreactor combined with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process in municipal wastewater treatment plant. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:1459-1465. [PMID: 30427785 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of 11 synthetic polycyclic musks in a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in Jilin, China, by using a membrane bioreactor combined with anaerobic-anoxic-oxic process. The analysis of synthetic polycyclic musks was conducted with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. The removal efficiency of 11 synthetic polycyclic musks ranged from 65.9% (3-methylcyclopentadecanone) to 84.6% (Galoxolide) in the influent. Along the treatment process, it was observed that the anaerobic tank could remove the synthetic polycyclic musks effectively whereas the role of the membrane was to the musks, which could be ascribed to the relatively strong hydrophobic property of the musks. The sludge-water distribution coefficients (Kd values) as indicator of adsorption propensity for the sludge from anaerobic, anoxic, oxic and membrane tanks were measured. The high value of Kd, above 5.0 litres per gram of suspended solids, showed most of the musks could be removed by sludge through the adsorption process; thus the removal rate from the water phase caused by adsorption in the wastewater treatment plant can be predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, China E-mail:
| | - Lu Bai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, China E-mail:
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, China E-mail:
| | - Li-Xiu Guo
- Oil Refinery Factory, China Petroleum Jilin Petrochemical Company, Jilin, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wen
- Research Institute, China Petroleum Jilin Petrochemical Company, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nguyen T, Westerhoff P, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, Batt AL, Mash HE, Schenck KM, Boone JS, Rice J, Glassmeyer ST. Modeled De Facto Reuse and Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Drinking Water Source Waters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 110:E2-E18. [PMID: 36999079 PMCID: PMC10054860 DOI: 10.1002/awwa.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
De facto reuse is the percentage of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intake potentially composed of effluent discharged from upstream wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results from grab samples and a De Facto Reuse in our Nation's Consumable Supply (DRINCS) geospatial watershed model were used to quantify contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) concentrations at DWTP intakes to qualitatively compare exposure risks obtained by the two approaches. Between nine and 71 CECs were detected in grab samples. The number of upstream WWTP discharges ranged from 0 to >1,000; comparative de facto reuse results from DRINCS ranged from <0.1 to 13% during average flow and >80% during lower streamflows. Correlation between chemicals detected and DRINCS modeling results were observed, particularly DWTPs withdrawing from midsize water bodies. This comparison advances the utility of DRINCS to identify locations of DWTPs for future CEC sampling and treatment technology testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment; Arizona State University; Tempe Ariz
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment; Arizona State University; Tempe Ariz
| | - Edward T. Furlong
- National Water Quality Laboratory; US Geological Survey; Denver Colo
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- US Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Angela L. Batt
- Office of Research and Development; US Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Heath E. Mash
- Office of Research and Development; US Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Kathleen M. Schenck
- Office of Research and Development; US Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati Ohio
| | - J. Scott Boone
- Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory, Mississippi State; Miss
| | - Jacelyn Rice
- Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management; University of North Carolina Charlotte; Charlotte N.C
| | - Susan T. Glassmeyer
- Office of Research and Development; US Environmental Protection Agency; Cincinnati Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang F, Yao H, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhang G, Yang Y. Mixed matrix membranes incorporated with Ln-MOF for selective and sensitive detection of nitrofuran antibiotics based on inner filter effect. Talanta 2017; 174:660-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang F, Yao H, Chu T, Zhang G, Wang Y, Yang Y. A Lanthanide MOF Thin‐Film Fixed with Co
3
O
4
Nano‐Anchors as a Highly Efficient Luminescent Sensor for Nitrofuran Antibiotics. Chemistry 2017; 23:10293-10300. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Hua Yao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Gaowei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| | - Yangyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Glassmeyer ST, Furlong ET, Kolpin DW, Batt AL, Benson R, Boone JS, Conerly O, Donohue MJ, King DN, Kostich MS, Mash HE, Pfaller SL, Schenck KM, Simmons JE, Varughese EA, Vesper SJ, Villegas EN, Wilson VS. Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:909-922. [PMID: 28024752 PMCID: PMC7017586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When chemical or microbial contaminants are assessed for potential effect or possible regulation in ambient and drinking waters, a critical first step is determining if the contaminants occur and if they are at concentrations that may cause human or ecological health concerns. To this end, source and treated drinking water samples from 29 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) were analyzed as part of a two-phase study to determine whether chemical and microbial constituents, many of which are considered contaminants of emerging concern, were detectable in the waters. Of the 84 chemicals monitored in the 9 Phase I DWTPs, 27 were detected at least once in the source water, and 21 were detected at least once in treated drinking water. In Phase II, which was a broader and more comprehensive assessment, 247 chemical and microbial analytes were measured in 25 DWTPs, with 148 detected at least once in the source water, and 121 detected at least once in the treated drinking water. The frequency of detection was often related to the analyte's contaminant class, as pharmaceuticals and anthropogenic waste indicators tended to be infrequently detected and more easily removed during treatment, while per and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic constituents were both more frequently detected and, overall, more resistant to treatment. The data collected as part of this project will be used to help inform evaluation of unregulated contaminants in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Glassmeyer
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Edward T Furlong
- USGS, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Bldg 95, Denver, CO 80225, United States.
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- USGS, 400 S. Clinton St, Rm 269 Federal Building, Iowa City, IA 52240, United States.
| | - Angela L Batt
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Robert Benson
- USEPA, Region 8, 1595 Wynkoop St., Mail Code: 8P-W, Denver, CO 80202-1129, United States.
| | - J Scott Boone
- USEPA, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Stennis Space Center, MS, United States.
| | - Octavia Conerly
- USEPA, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, William Jefferson Clinton Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N. W., Mail Code: 4304T, Washington, DC 20460, United States.
| | - Maura J Donohue
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Dawn N King
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Mitchell S Kostich
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Heath E Mash
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Stacy L Pfaller
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Kathleen M Schenck
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Jane Ellen Simmons
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| | - Eunice A Varughese
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Stephen J Vesper
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Eric N Villegas
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States.
| | - Vickie S Wilson
- USEPA, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Furlong ET, Batt AL, Glassmeyer ST, Noriega MC, Kolpin DW, Mash H, Schenck KM. Nationwide reconnaissance of contaminants of emerging concern in source and treated drinking waters of the United States: Pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1629-1642. [PMID: 28040194 PMCID: PMC7017633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mobile and persistent chemicals that are present in urban wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, may survive on-site or municipal wastewater treatment and post-discharge environmental processes. These pharmaceuticals have the potential to reach surface and groundwaters, essential drinking-water sources. A joint, two-phase U.S. Geological Survey-U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study examined source and treated waters from 25 drinking-water treatment plants from across the United States. Treatment plants that had probable wastewater inputs to their source waters were selected to assess the prevalence of pharmaceuticals in such source waters, and to identify which pharmaceuticals persist through drinking-water treatment. All samples were analyzed for 24 pharmaceuticals in Phase I and for 118 in Phase II. In Phase I, 11 pharmaceuticals were detected in all source-water samples, with a maximum of nine pharmaceuticals detected in any one sample. The median number of pharmaceuticals for all 25 samples was five. Quantifiable pharmaceutical detections were fewer, with a maximum of five pharmaceuticals in any one sample and a median for all samples of two. In Phase II, 47 different pharmaceuticals were detected in all source-water samples, with a maximum of 41 pharmaceuticals detected in any one sample. The median number of pharmaceuticals for all 25 samples was eight. For 37 quantifiable pharmaceuticals in Phase II, median concentrations in source water were below 113ng/L. For both Phase I and Phase II campaigns, substantially fewer pharmaceuticals were detected in treated water samples than in corresponding source-water samples. Seven different pharmaceuticals were detected in all Phase I treated water samples, with a maximum of four detections in any one sample and a median of two pharmaceuticals for all samples. In Phase II a total of 26 different pharmaceuticals were detected in all treated water samples, with a maximum of 20 pharmaceuticals detected in any one sample and a median of 2 pharmaceuticals detected for all 25 samples. Source-water type influences the presence of pharmaceuticals in source and treated water. Treatment processes appear effective in reducing concentrations of most pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals more consistently persisting through treatment include carbamazepine, bupropion, cotinine, metoprolol, and lithium. Pharmaceutical concentrations and compositions from this study provide an important base data set for further sublethal, long-term exposure assessments, and for understanding potential effects of these and other contaminants of emerging concern upon human and ecosystem health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela L Batt
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Heath Mash
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lindholm-Lehto PC, Ahkola HSJ, Knuutinen JS. Procedures of determining organic trace compounds in municipal sewage sludge-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4383-4412. [PMID: 27966086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is the largest by-product generated during the wastewater treatment process. Since large amounts of sludge are being produced, different ways of disposal have been introduced. One tempting option is to use it as fertilizer in agricultural fields due to its high contents of inorganic nutrients. This, however, can be limited by the amount of trace contaminants in the sewage sludge, containing a variety of microbiological pollutants and pathogens but also inorganic and organic contaminants. The bioavailability and the effects of trace contaminants on the microorganisms of soil are still largely unknown as well as their mixture effects. Therefore, there is a need to analyze the sludge to test its suitability before further use. In this article, a variety of sampling, pretreatment, extraction, and analysis methods have been reviewed. Additionally, different organic trace compounds often found in the sewage sludge and their methods of analysis have been compiled. In addition to traditional Soxhlet extraction, the most common extraction methods of organic contaminants in sludge include ultrasonic extraction (USE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by instrumental analysis based on gas or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra C Lindholm-Lehto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Heidi S J Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Survontie 9 A, FI-40500, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha S Knuutinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Núñez M, Borrull F, Fontanals N, Pocurull E. Different sample treatments for the determination of ICM-XR in fish samples followed by LC-HRMS. Talanta 2017; 163:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
33
|
Larivière A, Lissalde S, Soubrand M, Casellas-Français M. Overview of Multiresidues Analytical Methods for the Quantitation of Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Solid Matrixes: Comparison of Analytical Development Strategy for Sewage Sludge, Manure, Soil, and Sediment Samples. Anal Chem 2016; 89:453-465. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Larivière
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Lissalde
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Marilyne Soubrand
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), University of Limoges, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Magali Casellas-Français
- Research
Group on Water, Soil and Environment (GRESE−EA 4330), National
Higher Engineering School of Limoges (ENSIL), Parc ESTER Technopole, 16 Rue Atlantis, 87720 Limoges, France
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Boix C, Ibáñez M, Fabregat-Safont D, Morales E, Pastor L, Sancho JV, Sánchez-Ramírez JE, Hernández F. Behaviour of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge after anaerobic digestion. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:296-304. [PMID: 27543679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing concern over the presence of contaminants in the aquatic environment, where they can be introduced from wastewater after their incomplete removal in the treatment plants. In this work, degradation of selected emerging pollutants in the aqueous and solid phases of sewage sludge has been investigated after anaerobic digestion using two different digesters: mesophilic and thermophilic. Initially, sludge samples were screened by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) for identification of emerging contaminants in the samples. In a second step, a target quantitative method based on LC coupled to tandem MS was applied for selected pollutants identified in the previous screening. The behaviour of the compounds under anaerobic conditions was studied estimating the degradation efficiency and distribution of compounds between both sludge phases. Irbesartan and benzoylecgonine seemed to be notably degraded in both phases of the sludge. Venlafaxine showed a significant concentration decrease in the aqueous phase in parallel to an increase in the solid phase. The majority of the compounds showed an increase of their concentrations in both phases after the digestion. Concentrations in the solid phase were commonly higher than in the aqueous for most contaminants, indicating that they were preferentially adsorbed onto the solid particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Boix
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - D Fabregat-Safont
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - E Morales
- Depuración de Aguas del Mediterráneo, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 21 Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Spain
| | - L Pastor
- Depuración de Aguas del Mediterráneo, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 21 Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Spain
| | - J V Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - J E Sánchez-Ramírez
- Depuración de Aguas del Mediterráneo, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 21 Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, Spain
| | - F Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gonzalez-Gil L, Papa M, Feretti D, Ceretti E, Mazzoleni G, Steimberg N, Pedrazzani R, Bertanza G, Lema JM, Carballa M. Is anaerobic digestion effective for the removal of organic micropollutants and biological activities from sewage sludge? WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:211-220. [PMID: 27344252 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging organic micropollutants (OMPs) in sewage sludge has been widely reported; nevertheless, their fate during sludge treatment remains unclear. The objective of this work was to study the fate of OMPs during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD), the most common processes used for sludge stabilization, by using raw sewage sludge without spiking OMPs. Moreover, the results of analytical chemistry were complemented with biological assays in order to verify the possible adverse effects (estrogenic and genotoxic) on the environment and human health in view of an agricultural (re)use of digested sludge. Musk fragrances (AHTN, HHCB), ibuprofen (IBP) and triclosan (TCS) were the most abundant compounds detected in sewage sludge. In general, the efficiency of the AD process was not dependent on operational parameters but compound-specific: some OMPs were highly biotransformed (e.g. sulfamethoxazole and naproxen), while others were only slightly affected (e.g. IBP and TCS) or even unaltered (e.g. AHTN and HHCB). The MCF-7 assay evidenced that estrogenicity removal was driven by temperature. The Ames test did not show point mutation in Salmonella typhimurium while the Comet test exhibited a genotoxic effect on human leukocytes attenuated by AD. This study highlights the importance of combining chemical analysis and biological activities in order to establish appropriate operational strategies for a safer disposal of sewage sludge. Actually, it was demonstrated that temperature has an insignificant effect on the disappearance of the parent compounds while it is crucial to decrease estrogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gonzalez-Gil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Papa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - D Feretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; Brescia University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health" (MISTRAL), Italy
| | - E Ceretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - G Mazzoleni
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; Brescia University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health" (MISTRAL), Italy
| | - N Steimberg
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, viale Europa 11, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - R Pedrazzani
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; Brescia University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health" (MISTRAL), Italy
| | - G Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, I-25123 Brescia, Italy; Brescia University Research Center "Integrated Models for Prevention and Protection in Environmental and Occupational Health" (MISTRAL), Italy
| | - J M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang D, Trzcinski AP, Kunacheva C, Stuckey DC, Liu Y, Tan SK, Ng WJ. Characterization of soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating synthetic wastewater containing pharmaceutical compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:594-606. [PMID: 27479293 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the behaviour and characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) in two anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs): MBRcontrol and MBRpharma, for treating municipal wastewater. Both protein and polysaccharides measured exhibited higher concentrations in the MBRpharma than the MBRcontrol. Molecular weight (MW) distribution analysis revealed that the presence of pharmaceuticals enhanced the accumulation of SMPs with macro- (13,091 kDa and 1587 kDa) and intermediate-MW (189 kDa) compounds in the anoxic MBRpharma, while a substantial decrease was observed in both MBR effluents. Excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence contours indicated that the exposure to pharmaceuticals seemed to stimulate the production of aromatic proteins containing tyrosine (10.1-32.6%) and tryptophan (14.7-43.1%), compared to MBRcontrol (9.9-29.1% for tyrosine; 11.8-42.5% for tryptophan). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed aromatics, long-chain alkanes and esters were the predominant SMPs in the MBRs. More peaks were present in the aerobic MBRpharma (196) than anoxic MBRpharma (133). The SMPs identified exhibited both biodegradability and recalcitrance in the MBR treatment processes. Only 8 compounds in the MBRpharma were the same as in the MBRcontrol. Alkanes were the most dominant SMPs (51%) in the MBRcontrol, while aromatics were dominant (40%) in the MBRpharma. A significant decrease in aromatics (from 16 to 7) in the MBRpharma permeate was observed, compared to the aerobic MBRpharma. Approximately 21% of compounds in the aerobic MBRcontrol were rejected by membrane filtration, while this increased to 28% in the MBRpharma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, 4350 Australia
| | - Chinagarn Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - David C Stuckey
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yu Liu
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Soon Keat Tan
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, #06-10, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rossini D, Ciofi L, Ancillotti C, Checchini L, Bruzzoniti M, Rivoira L, Fibbi D, Orlandini S, Del Bubba M. Innovative combination of QuEChERS extraction with on-line solid-phase extract purification and pre-concentration, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their metabolites in sewage sludge. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:269-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
Ferrando-Climent L, Reid MJ, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Barceló D, Thomas KV. Identification of markers of cancer in urban sewage through the use of a suspect screening approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:571-580. [PMID: 27509233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The administration of anticancer drugs during chemotherapy treatments has increased considerably in recent years, and based on the growing incidence of cancer worldwide there is a foreseen increase in their use over the coming years. Many anticancer drugs are not removed by conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and can therefore reach the aquatic environment and potentially threaten aquatic life. The objective of this work was to apply a suspect screening methodology to detect chemotherapy and radiotherapy drugs and their related compounds such metabolites and/or biomarkers in wastewater. The use of logical pre-determined criteria to refine the suspect list down to a relatively small number of relevant compounds greatly improved the efficiency of the analysis. Mass accuracy, isotopic patterns and predicted retention time were used to tentatively identify the suspects. Successful identification of cancer-related suspects included two antineoplastic hormones, two X-ray contrast agents and a pyrrolizidine alkaloid related to an herbal medicine. This is the first time that a suspect screening paradigm has been successfully applied to the identification of pharmaceuticals and biomarkers related to chemotherapy in wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferrando-Climent
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Tracer Technology department, Oil and Gas section, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), P.O. box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Malcolm J Reid
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kruglova A, Kråkström M, Riska M, Mikola A, Rantanen P, Vahala R, Kronberg L. Comparative study of emerging micropollutants removal by aerobic activated sludge of large laboratory-scale membrane bioreactors and sequencing batch reactors under low-temperature conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:81-88. [PMID: 27128192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four emerging micropollutants ibuprofen, diclofenac, estrone (E1) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were studied in large laboratory-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with high nitrifying activity. Activated sludge (AS) with sludge retention times (SRTs) of 12days and 14days in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and 30days, 60days and 90days in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were examined at 8°C and 12°C. Concentrations of pharmaceuticals and their main metabolites were analysed in liquid phase and solid phase of AS by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A remarkable amount of contaminants were detected in solids of AS, meaning the accumulation of micropollutants in bacterial cells. The biodegradation rate constants (Kbiol) were affected by SRT and temperature. MBR with a 90-day SRT showed the best results of removal. Conventional SBR process was inefficient at 8°C showing Kbiol values lower than 0.5lgSS(-1)d(-1) for studied micropollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Kruglova
- Aalto University, Department of Built Environment, P.O. Box 15200, FI-00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Matilda Kråkström
- Åbo Akademy University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mats Riska
- Aalto University, Department of Built Environment, P.O. Box 15200, FI-00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna Mikola
- Aalto University, Department of Built Environment, P.O. Box 15200, FI-00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pirjo Rantanen
- Aalto University, Department of Built Environment, P.O. Box 15200, FI-00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riku Vahala
- Aalto University, Department of Built Environment, P.O. Box 15200, FI-00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Leif Kronberg
- Åbo Akademy University, Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Piispankatu 8, 20500 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang GCC, Chen YC, Yang HX, Yen CH. Performance and mechanisms for the removal of phthalates and pharmaceuticals from aqueous solution by graphene-containing ceramic composite tubular membrane coupled with the simultaneous electrocoagulation and electrofiltration process. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 155:274-282. [PMID: 27131034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, commonly detected emerging contaminants (ECs) in water, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), cephalexin (CLX), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and caffeine (CAF), were selected as the target contaminants. A lab-prepared graphene-containing ceramic composite tubular membrane (TGCCM) coupled with the simultaneous electrocoagulation and electrofiltration process (EC/EF) in crossflow filtration mode was used to remove target contaminants in model solution. Meanwhile, a comparison of the removal efficiency was made among various tubular composite membranes reported, including carbon fibers/carbon/alumina composite tubular membrane (TCCACM), titania/alumina composite tubular membrane (TTACM) and alumina tubular membrane (TAM). The results of this study showed that the removal efficiencies for DnBP and DEHP were 99%, whereas 32-97% for cephalexin (CLX), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and caffeine (CAF). In this work the mechanisms involved in removing target ECs were proposed and their roles in removing various ECs were also discussed. Further, two actual municipal wastewaters were treated to evaluate the applicability of the aforementioned treatment technology (i.e., TGCCM coupled with EC/EF) to various aqueous solutions in the real world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon C C Yang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Xuan Yang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Heng Yen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cytostatic drugs in environmental samples: An update on the extraction and determination procedures. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
42
|
vom Eyser C, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Fate and behaviour of diclofenac during hydrothermal carbonization. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:280-286. [PMID: 27018520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has become an esteemed method to convert sewage sludge into biochar. Besides dewatering and disinfection the process is suggested to reduce the micropollutant load, which would be beneficial for the use of biochar as fertilizer. This study was designed to examine reduction of micropollutants and formation of transformation products during HTC using the example of diclofenac. We investigated compounds' removal at HTC conditions in inert experiments and in real samples. Results showed that HTC temperature (>190 °C) and pressure (∼15 bar) have the potential to fully degrade diclofenac in inert experiments and spiked sewage sludge (>99%) within 1 h. However, interfering effects hinder full removal in native samples resulting in 44% remaining diclofenac. Additionally, a combination of suspected-target and non-target analysis using LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS resulted in the determination of six transformation products. These products have been reported in biochar from HTC for the first time, although other studies described them for other processes like advanced oxidation. Based on the detected transformation products, we proposed a degradation mechanism reflecting HTC reactions such as dehydroxylation and decarboxylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C vom Eyser
- Institut für Energie-und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - T C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - J Tuerk
- Institut für Energie-und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lorenzo-Toja Y, Alfonsín C, Amores MJ, Aldea X, Marin D, Moreira MT, Feijoo G. Beyond the conventional life cycle inventory in wastewater treatment plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 553:71-82. [PMID: 26901804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The conventional approach for the environmental assessment of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is typically based on the removal efficiency of organic load and nutrients as well as the quantification of energy and chemicals consumption. Current wastewater treatment research entails the monitoring of direct emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) and emerging pollutants such as pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), which have been rarely considered in the environmental assessment of a wastewater treatment facility by life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. As a result of that, the real environmental impacts of a WWTP may be underestimated. In this study, two WWTPs located in different climatic regions (Atlantic and Mediterranean) of Spain were evaluated in extensive sampling campaigns that included not only conventional water quality parameters but also direct GHG emissions and PPCPs in water and sludge lines. Regarding the GHG monitoring campaign, on-site measurements of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were performed and emission factors were calculated for both WWTPs. GHG direct emissions accounted for 62% of the total global warming potential (GWP), much more relevant than indirect CO2 emissions associated with electricity use. Regarding PPCPs, 19 compounds were measured in the main streams: influent, effluent and sludge, to perform the evaluation of the toxicity impact categories. Although the presence of heavy metals in the effluent and the sludge as well as the toxicity linked to the electricity production may shade the toxicity impacts linked to PPCPs in some impact categories, the latter showed a notable influence on freshwater ecotoxicity potential (FETP). For this impact category, the removal of PPCPs within the wastewater treatment was remarkably important and arose as an environmental benefit in comparison with the non-treatment scenario.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yago Lorenzo-Toja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Carolina Alfonsín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - María José Amores
- Cetaqua, Water Technology Centre, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Aldea
- Cetaqua, Water Technology Centre, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Desirée Marin
- Cetaqua, Water Technology Centre, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fernandez-Fontaina E, Gomes IB, Aga DS, Omil F, Lema JM, Carballa M. Biotransformation of pharmaceuticals under nitrification, nitratation and heterotrophic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1439-1447. [PMID: 26479917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitrification, nitratation and heterotrophic conditions on the biotransformation of several pharmaceuticals in a highly enriched nitrifying activated sludge was evaluated in this study by selective activation of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and heterotrophic bacteria. Nitrifiers displayed a noticeable capacity to process ibuprofen due to hydroxylation by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) to produce 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen. Naproxen was also biotransformed under nitrifying conditions. On the other hand, heterotrophic bacteria present in the nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) biotransformed sulfamethoxazole. In contrast, both nitrifying and heterotrophic activities were ineffective against diclofenac, diazepam, carbamazepine and trimethoprim. Similar biotransformation rates of erythromycin, roxithromycin and fluoxetine were observed under all conditions tested. Overall, results from this study give more evidence on the role of the different microbial communities present in activated sludge reactors on the biological removal of pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Fernandez-Fontaina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - I B Gomes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - F Omil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J M Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Carballa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
vom Eyser C, Palmu K, Schmidt TC, Tuerk J. Pharmaceutical load in sewage sludge and biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 537:180-6. [PMID: 26282751 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the removal of twelve pharmaceuticals in sewage sludge by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), which has emerged as a technology for improving the quality of organic waste materials producing a valuable biochar material. In this study, the HTC converted sewage sludge samples to a biochar product within 4h at a temperature of 210 °C and a resulting pressure of about 15 bar. Initial pharmaceutical load of the sewage sludge was investigated as well as the residual concentrations in biochar produced from spiked and eight native sewage sludge samples from three waste water treatment plants. Additionally, the solid contents of source material and product were compared, which showed a considerable increase of the solid content after filtration by HTC. All pharmaceuticals except sulfamethoxazole, which remained below the limit of quantification, frequently occurred in the investigated sewage sludges in the μg/kg dry matter (DM) range. Diclofenac, carbamazepine, metoprolol and propranolol were detected in all sludge samples with a maximum concentration of 800 μg/kgDM for metoprolol. HTC was investigated regarding its contaminant removal efficiency using spiked sewage sludge. Pharmaceutical concentrations were reduced for seven compounds by 39% (metoprolol) to≥97% (carbamazepine). In native biochar samples the four compounds phenazone, carbamazepine, metoprolol and propranolol were detected, which confirmed that the HTC process can reduce the load of micropollutants. In contrast to the other investigated compounds phenazone concentration increased, which was further addressed in thermal behaviour studies including three structurally similar potential precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C vom Eyser
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - K Palmu
- Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Str. 42, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - T C Schmidt
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - J Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., IUTA (Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229 Duisburg, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 2, 45141 Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
López Zavala MÁ, Reynoso-Cuevas L. Simultaneous extraction and determination of four different groups of pharmaceuticals in compost using optimized ultrasonic extraction and ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1423:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
47
|
Vallecillos L, Borrull F, Pocurull E. Recent approaches for the determination of synthetic musk fragrances in environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Simultaneous determination of polycyclic musks in blood and urine by solid supported liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 992:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
49
|
Li X, Hu J, Yin D, Hu X. Solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for the highly sensitive determination of five iodinated X-ray contrast media in environmental water samples. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1998-2005. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse; College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Junjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse; College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Daqiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse; College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University; Shanghai P.R. China
| | - Xialin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse; College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University; Shanghai P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lai WWP, Lin HHH, Lin AYC. TiO2 photocatalytic degradation and transformation of oxazaphosphorine drugs in an aqueous environment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 287:133-141. [PMID: 25644030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation and transformation of the oxazaphosphorines ifosfamide (IFO), cyclophosphamide (CP) and trofosfamide (TRO). Under the optimum conditions of TiO2=100mg/L, IFO=100μg/L and solution pH=5.5, IFO was completely removed within 10min (k=0.433min(-1)). The results indicated that OHfree radicals generated by valence holes in the bulk solution were the predominant species for the degradation of IFO. At higher initial concentrations of oxazaphosphorines (20mg/L), >50% of TOC remained after 6h of reaction time, indicating that parent compounds were transformed to byproducts, which exhibit higher Microtox acute toxicities; chlorinated byproducts were likely the source of toxicity. Photocatalytic degradation pathways of the three oxazaphosphorines were proposed. IFO, CP and TRO follow very similar pathways and bond-breaking processes: ketonization and breaking of the CCl bond, the PN bond and the CN bond (N-dechloroethylation). Chloride (Cl(-)) release is likely the first and primary step in the decomposition process. Several of the identified byproducts were also metabolites, which implies that photocatalytic oxidation proceeds through pathways that are similar to metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Webber Wei-Po Lai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71-Chou-shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hank Hui-Hsiang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71-Chou-shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71-Chou-shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|