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Rodrigues JA, Silva S, Cardoso VV, Benoliel MJ, Almeida CMM. Different approaches for estimation of the expanded uncertainty of an analytical method developed for determining pharmaceutical active compounds in wastewater using solid-phase extraction and a liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 15:109-123. [PMID: 36484434 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01676a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the evaluation of the uncertainty of an analytical method is a mandatory step in the method's validation, its applicability to the monitoring of trace compounds in complex samples is not simple, nor is it part of the routine of most laboratories, namely those dedicated to research. This manuscript focuses on the full validation of an analytical procedure for determining trace concentrations of twenty-four pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in wastewaters using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method optimization was performed on different wastewater matrices, namely influents and final effluents from two distinct wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Matrix effects and extraction efficiency (absolute recovery) of the developed method were determined. Validation was performed to obtain the method's linearity/working range, precision, trueness, method detection limits (MDLs) and method quantification limits (MQLs). The expanded uncertainty of the data obtained was estimated according to the requirements of international procedures dedicated to the expression of uncertainty. Different approaches for the estimation of uncertainty were applied. The validated method was used in the analysis of target PhACs in wastewater samples collected at two WWTPs. The obtained results facilitated the introduction of a validated method for routine measurement of PhACs in wastewater samples and allowed method accreditation by the competent national authority.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Rodrigues
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. - Direção de Laboratórios e de Controlo de Qualidade da Água, Av. de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Silva
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. - Direção de Laboratórios e de Controlo de Qualidade da Água, Av. de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vale Cardoso
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. - Direção de Laboratórios e de Controlo de Qualidade da Água, Av. de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria João Benoliel
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A. - Direção de Laboratórios e de Controlo de Qualidade da Água, Av. de Berlim, 15, 1800-031 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M M Almeida
- iMed.UL (Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Portugal), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Laboratory of Bromatology and Water Quality, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Kharbouche L, Martínez Galera M, Díaz Galiano F, Gil García M. Pre-concentration of 218 multiclass pesticide in groundwater samples using MSU-1 mesoporous sorbent. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Korashy MAR, Gawad SAA, Hassan NY, AbdelKawy M. Solid Phase Extraction and Simultaneous Chromatographic Quantification of some Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Residues; an Application in Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater Effluent. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e18691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherif A. Abdel Gawad
- Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Cairo University, Egypt
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Gomes RDS, Thesing A, Santos JFL, Fernandes AN. Self-supported 3D reduced graphene oxide for solid-phase extraction: An efficient and low-cost sorbent for environmental contaminants in aqueous solution. Talanta 2021; 235:122750. [PMID: 34517618 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A 3D reduced graphene oxide (3D-rGO), a self-supported, efficient, and low-cost sorbent, was synthesised and employed in a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. As a proof of concept, it was applied to remove diclofenac from aqueous solution. After applying statistical methods to systematically investigate key parameters for optimizing the 3D-rGO cartridge performance, it reached removal and elution efficiencies of 100 % and 90 %, respectively. This SPE cartridge presented advantages compared to traditional ones as the smaller amount of material into the cartridge (mass twenty times smaller), in addition to the ability of eliminating sorbent preconditioning, reducing the use of solvents, and making the process environmentally friendly with a faster operation. Also, it presented improved reproducibility after several cycles of reuse, and finally a lower cost of production unveiled by a cost-benefit analysis. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode suggested that the 3D framework morphology with a high content of carbon at the surface and some residual oxygen-containing groups are the protagonists in this performance. Therefore, 3D-rGO has the potential to be a highly efficient sorbent in analytical procedures using SPE for environmental contaminants in water and effluent samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimara de Souza Gomes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Anderson Thesing
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Ferreira Leite Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Neves Fernandes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Bairro Agronomia, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
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Amiri A, Ghaemi F. Solid-phase extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human plasma and water samples using sol-gel-based metal-organic framework coating. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462168. [PMID: 33984648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the Cu-based metal-organic framework (MOF-199) was fabricated and coated on the stainless steel mesh as substrates through sol-gel procedure. Then the coated substrates were placed in a small column known as solid-phase extraction cartridge. The SPE based coated stainless steel mesh coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detector (HPLC-UV) was used for the fast extraction, and quantification of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from human plasma and water samples. To find optimum extraction conditions, the impacts of effective parameters on analytical performance like sample pH, sample volume, type, and volume of desorption solvent were optimized. At the optimized conditions, calibration graphs of analytes were linear in the concentration range of 0.03-300 ng mL-1 for water samples, and 0.1-200 ng mL-1 for plasma samples. The correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.9938 to 0.9989. Also, the limits of detection (LODs) were from 0.01 to 0.02 ng mL-1 for water samples and 0.03 to 0.1 ng mL-1 for plasma samples. The cartridge repeatability was studied at different values, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs%) were achieved between 3.5 and 5.1%. Consequently, this procedure was successfully used in the extraction and detection of NSAIDs in real water and plasma samples with relative recoveries ranged from 93.6 to 99.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhassan Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran.
| | - Ferial Ghaemi
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia.
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6
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Overview of Sample Preparation and Chromatographic Methods to Analysis Pharmaceutical Active Compounds in Waters Matrices. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the environment, pharmaceutical residues are a field of particular interest due to the adverse effects to either human health or aquatic and soil environment. Because of the diversity of these compounds, at least 3000 substances were identified and categorized into 49 different therapeutic classes, and several actions are urgently required at multiple steps, the main ones: (i) occurrence studies of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) in the water cycle; (ii) the analysis of the potential impact of their introduction into the aquatic environment; (iii) the removal/degradation of the pharmaceutical compounds; and, (iv) the development of more sensible and selective analytical methods to their monitorization. This review aims to present the current state-of-the-art sample preparation methods and chromatographic analysis applied to the study of PhACs in water matrices by pinpointing their advantages and drawbacks. Because it is almost impossible to be comprehensive in all PhACs, instruments, extraction techniques, and applications, this overview focuses on works that were published in the last ten years, mainly those applicable to water matrices.
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Mallek M, Chtourou M, Monclús H, Ben Salah A, Walha K, Salvadó V. A Polydimethylsiloxane Rod Extraction-Based Method for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals and Triclosan by Liquid Chromatography in Water Samples. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:107-113. [PMID: 31768564 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method for the determination of naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac, carbamazepine, and triclosan (TCS) in water samples by liquid chromatography is developed and validated. The method is based on the extraction of the analytes by a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rod. The different parameters affecting extraction, such as the addition of salt, pH, initial volume, extraction and elution times and elution solvent, as well as the application of sonication, are studied. The results showed that the detection limits are all in the 0.1-0.3 µg L-1 range except for carbamazepine (6 µg L-1) with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.4%-9.7%. The method developed, which was validated by analysing spiked surface water samples at 10, 25 and 75 µg L-1 gave recoveries of between 84.8% and 111.2%. In the case of carbamazepine, a recovery of 99.1% was obtained at 75 µg L-1. The main advantage of the developed method is that allows high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection, which is widely available in non-specialised laboratories, to be applied for pharmaceuticals and TCS determination in surface waters after performing a preconcentration/clean-up step with PDMS rods as it has been shown by analysing real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mallek
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Mariem Chtourou
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Hèctor Monclús
- LEQUIA (Institute of the Environment), University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Abdelhamid Ben Salah
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Walha
- Laboratory of Material Science and Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Victoria Salvadó
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Spain.
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Abujaber F, Ahmad S, Neng N, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios R, Guzmán Bernardo F, Nogueira J. Bar adsorptive microextraction coated with multi-walled carbon nanotube phases - Application for trace analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Electrochemically decorated network-like cobalt oxide nanosheets on nickel oxide nanoworms substrate as a sorbent for the thin film microextraction of diclofenac. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Mirzajani R, Kardani F, Ramezani Z. Preparation and characterization of magnetic metal–organic framework nanocomposite as solid-phase microextraction fibers coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in biological fluids and tablet formulation samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Ghani M, Ghoreishi SM, Azamati M. Magnesium-aluminum-layered double hydroxide-graphene oxide composite mixed-matrix membrane for the thin-film microextraction of diclofenac in biological fluids. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1575:11-17. [PMID: 30253913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the applicability of Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide-graphene oxide (LDH/GO) mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) for microextraction purposes is reported for the first time. The LDH/GO MMM was used as sorbent for the thin film microextraction (TFME) of diclofenac in human body fluids. The prepared LDH/GO composite has been incorporated into a mechanically stable polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. The contribution of GO in LDH/GO composites significantly improved the extraction efficiency of the TFME sorbent. After elution with methanol, diclofenac was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Plackett-Burman design was used for screening the experimental factors of interest and specify the significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency. The effective factors were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). Under the optimum conditions, limits of detections (LODs) were 0.14, 0.23 and 0.57 μg L-1 in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. Limits of quantifications (LOQs) were 0.46, 0.76 and 1.8 μg L-1 in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) at a spiked concentration of 10 μg L-1 were 6.7, 6.9 and 7.1% (as intra-day RSD) in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. The linear dynamic ranges (LDRs) were in the range of 0.5-200 μg L-1. The applicability of the method was investigated by the extraction and determination of diclofenac in different biological fluids including urine and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ghani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Sayed Mehdi Ghoreishi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Azamati
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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12
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Asiabi H, Yamini Y, Shamsayei M. Development of electrochemically controlled packed-in-tube solid phase microextraction method for sensitive analysis of acidic drugs in biological samples. Talanta 2018; 185:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Shamsayei M, Yamini Y, Asiabi H, Safari M. On-line packed magnetic in-tube solid phase microextraction of acidic drugs such as naproxen and indomethacin by using Fe3O4@SiO2@layered double hydroxide nanoparticles with high anion exchange capacity. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:192. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Guo P, Zhang J, Chen X, Zhao L. Preparation of dummy template-imprinted polymers for the rapid extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs residues in aquatic environmental samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4193. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
| | - Longshan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang China
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Mandaric L, Mor JR, Sabater S, Petrovic M. Impact of urban chemical pollution on water quality in small, rural and effluent-dominated Mediterranean streams and rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 613-614:763-772. [PMID: 28942311 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact and occurrence of wastewater (treated and untreated) derived pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been investigated in small, rural and effluent-dominated tributaries of the lower Ebro River located in the North-Eastern Spain (Catalonia). We have observed the predominant effect of stream flow and consequently dilution factor on the concentration levels of detected PhACs that combined with the absence of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) resulted in 12 times higher concentrations in streams with direct discharge of untreated wastewater. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most ubiquitous compounds, in terms of both individual concentration and frequency of detection. In the sites impacted by raw wastewater, acetaminophen and ibuprofen showed the highest concentrations among all analyzed PhACs, reaching concentrations up to 7.78μgL-1 and 2.66μgL-1, respectively. However, PhACs detected in the sites impacted by treated wastewater showed generally lower concentration levels and frequencies of detection. Also, effluent-dominated streams showed higher concentration levels of PhACs due to a generally lower stream flows and small dilution factors. However, concentration levels of detected PhACs were dependent on the hydraulic travel time and distance from the discharge point and related with the in-stream attenuation. As a result, this study highlights the combined impact of hydrological and chemical stressors on the water quality of the rural Mediterranean aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Mandaric
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Girona (UdG), Campus de Montilivi, M.Aurélia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Mira Petrovic
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Lluis Company 25, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.
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Cecinato A, Romagnoli P, Perilli M, Balducci C. Pharmaceutical substances in ambient particulates: A preliminary assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 183:62-68. [PMID: 28535462 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Till now, no attention has been paid to pharmaceuticals (PCs) in the air, though they are known to affect waters, soils, foods and biota. This paper describes the first attempt to characterize the PC occurrence in the air. Airborne particulates (PM10 or PM2.5 fractions, from Amsterdam, Netherland, Rome and Rende, Italy) were sampled on quartz fiber filter by means of pumping systems operating at medium-volume conditions (16 or 38.5 L min-1). The samples were solvent extracted through sonication with a dichloromethane:acetone:methanol mixture and reduced close to dryness; three fractions of the residue were separated through column chromatography; they comprised non polar, low polar and very polar organic compounds, respectively, and PCs were in the third one. Chemical analysis was performed by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MSD), after treatment of solutions with methyl,tertzbutylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) to form silyl derivatives of most PCs. The following substances were investigated: acetaminophenol, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, fenoprefen, naproxen, fenofibrate, diclofenac, acetylcysteine and sulfanilamide; p-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid; and parabens (methyl, ethyl and propyl). Except aspirin, acetamidophenol, acetylcysteine and sulfanilamide, the target compounds could be quantified with good repeatability, reproducibility and percent recoveries (on the average, ∼7.5%, ∼7.1% and 91%, respectively). The PC concentrations ranged <0.1-8.6 ng m-3; season dependent drug profiles could be observed in Rome and Rende.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Cecinato
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), via Salaria, km 29.3, P. O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo RM, Italy.
| | - Paola Romagnoli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), via Salaria, km 29.3, P. O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo RM, Italy
| | - Mattia Perilli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), via Salaria, km 29.3, P. O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo RM, Italy
| | - Catia Balducci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), via Salaria, km 29.3, P. O. Box 10, 00015 Monterotondo RM, Italy
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17
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Recent configurations and progressive uses of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for drug analysis. Talanta 2017; 167:470-485. [PMID: 28340747 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of the molecularly imprinting technology (MIT) in the 1970s, it becomes an emerging technology with the potential for wide-ranging applications in drug determination. With the rise of green chemistry, many researchers began to focus on the application and development of green materials which led to the breakthrough of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the green chemistry. Because of the low concentration levels in the human matrices, almost adequate analytical methods should be used for quantification of drugs at the trace levels. In recent years there have been reported benefits of combining MIPs with additional features, e.g. magnetic properties, through the build-up of this type of material on magnetite particles. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) is a new material which is composed of magnetic material and non-magnetic polymer material and shares the characteristics of high adsorption capacity to template molecule, special selective recognition ability, and the magnetic adsorption property. These materials have been widely used in the different fields such as chemical, biological and medical science. This review describes the novel configurations and progressive applications of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers to the drug analysis. Also, the advantages and drawbacks of each methodology, as well as the future expected trends, are evaluated.
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Białk-Bielińska A, Kumirska J, Borecka M, Caban M, Paszkiewicz M, Pazdro K, Stepnowski P. Selected analytical challenges in the determination of pharmaceuticals in drinking/marine waters and soil/sediment samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 121:271-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Selective separation and determination of diclofenac via magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer and spectrophotometry. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-015-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pebdani AA, Shabani AMH, Dadfarnia S, Khodadoust S. Solid phase microextraction of diclofenac using molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent in hollow fiber combined with fiber optic-linear array spectrophotometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 147:26-30. [PMID: 25827763 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple solid phase microextraction method based on molecularly imprinted polymer sorbent in the hollow fiber (MIP-HF-SPME) combined with fiber optic-linear array spectrophotometer has been applied for the extraction and determination of diclofenac in environmental and biological samples. The effects of different parameters such as pH, times of extraction, type and volume of the organic solvent, stirring rate and donor phase volume on the extraction efficiency of the diclofenac were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the calibration graph was linear (r(2)=0.998) in the range of 3.0-85.0 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.7 μg L(-1) for preconcentration of 25.0 mL of the sample and the relative standard deviation (n=6) less than 5%. This method was applied successfully for the extraction and determination of diclofenac in different matrices (water, urine and plasma) and accuracy was examined through the recovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezou Amiri Pebdani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran
| | | | - Shayessteh Dadfarnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran.
| | - Saeid Khodadoust
- Department of Chemistry, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
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21
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Borecka M, Siedlewicz G, Haliński ŁP, Sikora K, Pazdro K, Stepnowski P, Białk-Bielińska A. Contamination of the southern Baltic Sea waters by the residues of selected pharmaceuticals: Method development and field studies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 94:62-71. [PMID: 25817309 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study the occurrence of thirteen pharmaceuticals in seawaters collected from southern Baltic Sea was evaluated for the first time. It was performed by applying newly developed analytical procedure. The method was characterized in terms of its basic validation parameters as well as matrix effects, extraction efficiency and absolute recovery. The results were expressed as result ± expanded uncertainty, which was estimated according to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement. Additionally, in order to verify the influence of variable parameters of the analyzed samples on method performance parameters, chemometric analysis was carried out. The obtained results revealed that residues of pharmaceuticals were present in seawaters at a concentration level of ng L(-1). Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and enrofloxacin were most frequently detected compounds. The highest concentration was determined for ketoprofen (135.0 ± 10.9 ng L(-1)). Marine pollution potential hotspots were found in enclosed or semi-enclosed bodies of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Borecka
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Łukasz P Haliński
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Kinga Sikora
- Physicochemical Laboratories, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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22
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Hurtado-Sánchez MDC, Lozano VA, Rodríguez-Cáceres MI, Durán-Merás I, Escandar GM. Green analytical determination of emerging pollutants in environmental waters using excitation–emission photoinduced fluorescence data and multivariate calibration. Talanta 2015; 134:215-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Kyzas GZ, Nanaki SG, Koltsakidou A, Papageorgiou M, Kechagia M, Bikiaris DN, Lambropoulou DA. Effectively designed molecularly imprinted polymers for selective isolation of the antidiabetic drug metformin and its transformation product guanylurea from aqueous media. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 866:27-40. [PMID: 25732690 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with remarkable recognition properties for metformin and its transformation product, guanylurea, have been prepared for their selective, enrichment, isolation and removal from aqueous media. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and swelling experiments. The performance of the prepared MIPs was evaluated by various parameters including the influence of pH, contact time, temperature and initial compound concentration. The effects on the adsorption behavior of the removal process parameters were studied and the equilibrium data were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Due to the imprinting effect, adsorption performance of MIPs was always superior to its corresponding NIP (non-imprinted polymer), with maximum adsorption capacity ∼80 mg g(-1) for both MIPs. Stability and reusability of the MIPs up to the 5th cycle meant that they could be applied repeatedly without losing substantial removal ability. In the next step, the prepared MIP nanoparticles were evaluated as sorbents in a dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) configuration for selective enrichment and determination of metformin and guanylurea in different aqueous matrices. Under the working extraction conditions, the D-SPE method showed good linearity in the range of 50-1000 ng L(-1), repeatability of the extractions (RSD 2.1-5.1%, n=3), and low limits of detection (1.5-3.4 ng L(-1)). The expanded uncertainty of the data obtained was estimated following a bottom-up approach. The proposed method combined the advantages of MIPs and D-SPE, and it could become an alternative tool for analyzing the residues of METF and its transformation product GUA in complex water matrices, such as wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Z Kyzas
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavroula G Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Koltsakidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Myrsini Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Kechagia
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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24
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Ahmadi SH, Manbohi A, Heydar KT. Electrochemically controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction of naproxen from urine samples using an experimental design. Analyst 2015; 140:497-505. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01664e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically controlled in-tube SPME approach, which increased the sensitivity and decreased the extraction time, was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Manbohi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran
- Tehran
- Iran
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25
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Rainey CL, Bors DE, Goodpaster JV. Design and Optimization of a Total Vaporization Technique Coupled to Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2014; 86:11319-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L. Rainey
- Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Dana E. Bors
- Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - John V. Goodpaster
- Department of
Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and Forensic and Investigative Sciences Program, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), 402 North Blackford Street LD326, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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26
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Vera Candioti L, De Zan MM, Cámara MS, Goicoechea HC. Experimental design and multiple response optimization. Using the desirability function in analytical methods development. Talanta 2014; 124:123-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Pan J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Li G. Review of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 815:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Bartosz W, Marcin W, Wojciech C. Development of hollow fiber-supported liquid-phase microextraction and HPLC-DAD method for the determination of pyrethroid metabolites in human and rat urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:708-16. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wielgomas Bartosz
- Department of Toxicology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
| | - Wiśniewski Marcin
- Department of Toxicology; Medical University of Gdańsk; Gdańsk Poland
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29
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Lim TH, Hu L, Yang C, He C, Lee HK. Membrane assisted micro-solid phase extraction of pharmaceuticals with amino and urea-grafted silica gel. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1316:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Borecka M, Białk-Bielińska A, Siedlewicz G, Kornowska K, Kumirska J, Stepnowski P, Pazdro K. A new approach for the estimation of expanded uncertainty of results of an analytical method developed for determining antibiotics in seawater using solid-phase extraction disks and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technique. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1304:138-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Ho TT, Li ZG, Lin HY, Lee MR. Determination of Diuretics in Urine Using Immobilized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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32
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Shaalan RA, Belal TS. Validated Stability-Indicating HPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Diclofenac Sodium and Diflunisal in Their Combined Dosage Form. Sci Pharm 2013; 81:713-31. [PMID: 24106669 PMCID: PMC3791935 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1301-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and highly selective HPLC-DAD method was developed for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac sodium (DIC) and diflunisal (DIF) in pure form and in their combined formulation. Effective chromatographic separation was achieved using a Zorbax SB-C8 (4.6×250 mm, 5 μm particle size) column with a mobile phase composed of 0.05 M phosphoric acid, acetonitrile, and methanol in the ratio of 40:48:12 (by volume). The mobile phase was pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and quantification of the analytes was based on measuring their peak areas at 228 nm. The retention times for diflunisal and diclofenac were about 7.9 and 9.5 min, respectively. The reliability and analytical performance of the proposed HPLC procedure were statistically validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, ranges, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection, and quantification limits. Calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 5–100 μg/mL for both drugs with correlation coefficients >0.9998. The proposed method proved to be selective and stability-indicating by the resolution of the two analytes from four of their related substances and potential impurities as well as from forced-degradation (hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and dry heat) products. The validated HPLC method was successfully applied to the analysis of DIC and DIF in their combined dosage form (suppositories). The proposed method made use of the diode array detector (DAD) as a tool for peak identity and purity confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Shaalan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Elmessalah 21521, Alexandria, Egypt
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33
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Solid phase extraction as a cleanup step before microextraction of diclofenac and mefenamic acid using nanostructured solvent. Talanta 2013; 105:173-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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34
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López-Serna R, Petrović M, Barceló D. Occurrence and distribution of multi-class pharmaceuticals and their active metabolites and transformation products in the Ebro river basin (NE Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 440:280-289. [PMID: 22809787 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites and transformation products (TPs) in the Ebro river basin (NE Spain). Twenty-four samples of water collected along the basin were analysed using a fully automated method based on on-line turbulent chromatography-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (TFC-LC-MS/MS). In total, 17 metabolites, 7 of them with remaining pharmacologic activity, and 2 transformation products, along with 58 parent pharmaceuticals are analysed. Metabolites and TPs were found at concentrations of the same order of magnitude as their corresponding parent pharmaceuticals, with the exception of 10,11-epoxi-carbamazepine which was found at approximately 10 times higher concentration than its corresponding parent pharmaceutical carbamazepine. In general, levels of all target compounds were below 100 ng L(-1), with the exception of 14 compounds; among them the aforementioned 10,11-epoxicarbamazepine with a maximum concentration of more than 1600 ng L(-1). The analgesic propyphenazone, the psychiatric drug carbamazepine, the antibiotics clarithromycin and sulfadiazine, the cardiovascular drug propranolol, the antineoplastic tamoxifen and 1 pharmacologically active metabolite salicylic acid were found to be ubiquitous (detected in all samples). Smaller tributaries generally show higher concentrations than the main river Ebro, due to lower dilution of WWTP effluents discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca López-Serna
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Rani S, Malik AK. A novel microextraction by packed sorbent-gas chromatography procedure for the simultaneous analysis of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma and urine. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2970-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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López-Serna R, Petrović M, Barceló D. Direct analysis of pharmaceuticals, their metabolites and transformation products in environmental waters using on-line TurboFlow™ chromatography–liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1252:115-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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37
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.647193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Rani S, Malik AK, Singh B. Novel micro-extraction by packed sorbent procedure for the liquid chromatographic analysis of antiepileptic drugs in human plasma and urine. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:359-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.588064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Codruta Cobzac
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Gocan
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
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40
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de Lima Gomes PCF, Barletta JY, Nazario CED, Santos-Neto ÁJ, Von Wolff MA, Coneglian CMR, Umbuzeiro GA, Lancas FM. Optimization of in situ
derivatization SPME by experimental design for GC-MS multi-residue analysis of pharmaceutical drugs in wastewater. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:436-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Goicoechea H, Culzoni M, García MG, Galera MM. Chemometric strategies for enhancing the chromatographic methodologies with second-order data analysis of compounds when peaks are overlapped. Talanta 2011; 83:1098-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Jofré VP, Assof MV, Fanzone ML, Goicoechea HC, Martínez LD, Silva MF. Optimization of ultrasound assisted-emulsification-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by experimental design methodologies for the determination of sulfur compounds in wines by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 683:126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Pal A, Gin KYH, Lin AYC, Reinhard M. Impacts of emerging organic contaminants on freshwater resources: review of recent occurrences, sources, fate and effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:6062-9. [PMID: 20934204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and frequent disposal of wastewater to surface water cause widespread contamination of freshwater supplies with emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, insecticides, surfactants, endocrine disruptors, including hormones. Although these organic contaminants may be present at trace levels, their adverse effects on aquatic life, animals and even humans are a growing concern. Numerous studies have been published on the occurrence and fate of emerging organic contaminants in different parts of the world, spanning a wide range of sources and aquatic environments including freshwater catchments, effluent wastewater streams, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and marine waters. This paper reviews recent studies on the occurrence and fate of frequently detected pharmaceuticals and hormones and identifies areas that merit further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pal
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Blk N1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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44
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Unceta N, Sampedro MC, Bakar NKA, Gómez-Caballero A, Goicolea MA, Barrio RJ. Multi-residue analysis of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewaters by dual solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Azzouz A, Souhail B, Ballesteros E. Continuous solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of pharmaceuticals and hormones in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2956-63. [PMID: 20299021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A semi-automatic flow-based method for the simultaneous determination of 9 pharmaceuticals and 3 hormones in water samples in a single analytical run is proposed. The analytes were retained on a solid-phase extraction sorbent column and 1 microL of the eluate analysed by gas chromatography in combination with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry in the SIM mode. The sorbent used, Oasis-HLB, provided near-quantitative recovery of all analytes. The proposed method was validated with quite good analytical results including low limits of detection (0.01-0.06 ng L(-1) for 100 mL of water) and good linearity (r2>0.993) throughout the studied concentration ranges. The method provided good accuracy (recoveries of 85-103%) and precision (between- and within-day RSD values less than 7%) in the determination of the pharmaceuticals and hormones in tap, river, pond, well, swimming pool and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azzouz
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S of Linares, University of Jaén, Alfonso X, El Sabio 28, 23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain
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46
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Wu J, Qian X, Yang Z, Zhang L. Study on the matrix effect in the determination of selected pharmaceutical residues in seawater by solid-phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization low-energy collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1471-5. [PMID: 20074738 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Matrix effect is a major problem when trace level pharmaceuticals in seawater were analyzed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-MS). Therefore, efforts should be devoted to diminish matrix effect as much as possible. The present study investigates the matrix effect during the analysis of selected pharmaceutical residues (naproxen, ibuprofen, diclofenac and gemfibrozil) in seawater samples with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-ESI low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) MS-MS. Solutions to reduce matrix effect were studied through optimization of SPE procedure and the employment of isotope-labeled analogues. Results showed that 30 mL of deionized water can efficiently diminish matrix effect and satisfactory absolute mean recoveries ranging from 73.5% to 120.5% were obtained in the optimized SPE condition. Isotope-labeled analogues employed as surrogates were found to be efficient to further compensate for matrix effect, with the relative mean recoveries ranging from 85.5% to 110.5%. The optimized method has been successfully applied for the analysis of target pharmaceutical residues in different seawater samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Wu
- Center for Advanced Water Technology, PUB, the Toh Tuck Complex, 82, Toh Guan Road East, Singapore 608575, Singapore
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García MG, Cañada FC, Culzoni M, Vera-Candioti L, Siano G, Goicoechea H, Galera MM. Chemometric tools improving the determination of anti-inflammatory and antiepileptic drugs in river and wastewater by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography diode array detection. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5489-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Beltagi AM. Utilization of a montmorillonite-Ca-modified carbon paste electrode for the stripping voltammetric determination of diflunisal in its pharmaceutical formulations and human blood. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-9924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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