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Liu B, Wang J, Li C. Application of PLS-NN model based on mid-infrared spectroscopy in the origin identification of Cornus officinalis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15209-15219. [PMID: 38737973 PMCID: PMC11082643 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy has been increasingly used as a nondestructive analytical technique in Chinese herbal medicine identification in recent years. In this study, a new chemometric model named as PLS-NN model was proposed based on the mid-infrared spectral data of Cornus officinalis samples from 11 origins. It was realized by combining the partial least squares and neural networks for the identification of the origin of Chinese herbal medicines. First, we extracted features from the spectral data in 3448 bands using the partial least squares method, and extracted 122 components that contained more than 95% of the information. Then, we trained the PLS-NN model by neural network using the extracted components as inputs and the corresponding origin classes as outputs. Finally, based on an external test set, we evaluated the generalization ability of the PLS-NN model using metrics such as accuracy, F1-Score and Kappa coefficient. The results show that the PLS-NN model performs well in all three metrics when compared to models such as Decision trees, Support vector machine, Partial least squares Discriminant analysis, and Naive bayes. The model not only realizes the dimensionality reduction of full-spectrum data and improves the training efficiency of the model, but also has higher accuracy compared with the full-spectrum data model. The PLS-NN model was applied to identify the origin of Cornus officinalis with an accuracy of 91.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Public Foundational Courses Department, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chaoning Li
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Changxingyang Intelligent Home Company Limited Suzhou 215009 China
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Wang C, Qin LY, Li DM, Hu LG, Xue JJ, Zhai XP, Wang Q, Guo L, Tang L, Xie JW. Doped nanomaterial facilitates 3D printing target plate for rapid detection of alkaloids in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6825-6838. [PMID: 37848578 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to rapidly detect toxic alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) using laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). We systematically investigated twelve nanomaterials (NMs) as matrices and found that MoS2 and defect-rich-WO3 (D-WO3) were the best NMs for alkaloid detection. MoS2 and D-WO3 can be used directly as matrices dipped onto conventional ground steel target plates. Additionally, they can be conveniently fabricated as three-dimensional (3D) NM plates, where the MoS2 or D-WO3 NM is doped into resin and formed using a 3D printing process. We obtained good quantification of alkaloids using a chemothermal compound as an internal standard and detected related alkaloids in TCM extracts, Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), Caowu (Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix), Chuanwu (Aconiti Radix), and Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex). The work enabled the advantageous "dip and measure" method, demonstrating a simple and fast LDI-MS approach that achieves clean backgrounds for alkaloid detection. The 3D NM plates also facilitated mass spectrometry imaging of alkaloids in TCMs. This method has potential practical applications in medicine and food safety. Doped nanomaterial facilitates 3D printing target plate for rapid detection of alkaloids in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lu-Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Beijing Regional Center, Beijing, 100164, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Li-Gang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jin-Juan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xin-Ping Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
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3
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Wang WL, Lu JL, Gu JL, Xie LF, Chang J, Zou B, Wang FL, Liu GK, Tian ZQ. Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace aconitum phytotoxin by SERS. Food Chem 2022; 391:133234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jiang H, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wang X, He J, Jin H. Advanced applications of mass spectrometry imaging technology in quality control and safety assessments of traditional Chinese medicines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114760. [PMID: 34678417 PMCID: PMC9715987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of human diseases in China, and especially in cases of COVID-19. However, due to quality problems, the lack of standards, and the diversity of dosage forms, adverse reactions to TCMs often occur. Moreover, the composition of TCMs makes them extremely challenging to extract and isolate, complicating studies of toxicity mechanisms. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this paper is therefore to summarize the advanced applications of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technology in the quality control, safety evaluations, and determination of toxicity mechanisms of TCMs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant studies from the literature have been collected from scientific databases, such as "PubMed", "Scifinder", "Elsevier", "Google Scholar" using the keywords "MSI", "traditional Chinese medicines", "quality control", "metabolomics", and "mechanism". RESULTS MSI is a new analytical imaging technology that can detect and image the metabolic changes of multiple components of TCMs in plants and animals in a high throughput manner. Compared to other chemical analysis methods, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), this method does not require the complex extraction and separation of TCMs, and is fast, has high sensitivity, is label-free, and can be performed in high-throughput. Combined with chemometrics methods, MSI can be quickly and easily used for quality screening of TCMs. In addition, this technology can be used to further focus on potential biomarkers and explore the therapeutic/toxic mechanisms of TCMs. CONCLUSIONS As a new type of analysis method, MSI has unique advantages to metabolic analysis, quality control, and mechanisms of action explorations of TCMs, and contributes to the establishment of quality standards to explore the safety and toxicology of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jiang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Center, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Beijing 100050, China.
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Lei H, Zhang Y, Ye J, Cheng T, Liang Y, Zu X, Zhang W. A comprehensive quality evaluation of Fuzi and its processed product through integration of UPLC-QTOF/MS combined MS/MS-based mass spectral molecular networking with multivariate statistical analysis and HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113455. [PMID: 33039630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (the Chinese name is Fuzi, FZ), the lateral or daughter root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Ranunculaceae), is a controversial traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that is universally distributed and applied in many countries, such as China, Japan, Korea, and India. FZ can be used to treat various diseases, including rheumatic fever, rheumatism, painful joints, syncope, collapse, bronchial asthma, some endocrinal disorders, etc. However, quality control and assessment of FZ are challenging due to its obvious and high toxicological risks, and only its processed products are allowed to be used clinically according to the relative safety regulations. Consequently, it is necessary to analyze the whole chemical composition and the dynamic changes of FZ before and after processing. Addressing the changes in the chemical substance of raw and processed products is a way to reduce toxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY In this article, the whole chemical composition of FZ is analyzed, the differences between raw and processed FZ are evaluated, and possible factors that influence the reduced toxicity of processed FZ are explained from the perspective of its chemical composition using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel strategy of multiple data collection and processing based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method in the positive ion mode, together with Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) and multivariate statistical analysis, was established to systematically identify the chemical constituents of FZ and comprehensively investigate the chemical markers that can be used to differentiate FZ processed with vinegar and honey from its raw product. Combined with the qualitative analysis results, 12 components, including 8 chemical marker compounds and 4 toxicity components, were quantitatively analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Using the molecular networking (MN) analysis method, a total of 145 compounds were identified, of which 13 were identified using reference compounds. Seventy seven chemical markers were also detected between raw and processed FZ. The identification results of the chemical markers were also verified by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The quantitative results indicated that the contents of 12 important components all decreased, especially diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs), after processing. CONCLUSION The decrease of toxicity of FZ after processing is closely related to the changes in its chemical composition. The method developed in this study is a comprehensive analysis technique for quality assessment of FZ, and this study provides a useful and quick strategy to characterize chemical compounds of TCM and explore the different chemical markers between raw and processed Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Lei
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yanlin Liang
- Guangyuyuan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Shanxi, 030800, PR China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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6
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Wang Z, Xie H, Ren J, Chen Y, Li X, Chen X, Chan TWD. Metabolomic approach for rapid differentiation of Fritillaria bulbs by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113177. [PMID: 32146286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bulbs of Fritillaria have been used for centuries as food and medicinal products in many Asian countries. Different Fritillaria species have distinct pharmacological effects despite of their similar appearances. Effective differentiation of Fritillaria species can avoid adulteration and is crucial to its clinical uses. In this paper, a hybrid method of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis was developed for the rapid and reliable differentiation of Fritillaria species for the first time. Significantly different patterns for five Fritillaria species were obtained by MALDI-MS after instant sample extractions. Different groups of Fritillaria were confidently differentiated via an orthogonal partial least square model. In addition, a metabolomic taxonomy of five Fritillaria species was obtained based on MALDI-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zunyi Medical University at Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hanyi Xie
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zunyi Medical University at Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zunyi Medical University at Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Zunyi Medical University at Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.
| | - Tak-Wah Dominic Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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7
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He Y, Wei Z, Xie Y, Yi X, Zeng Y, Li Y, Liu C. Potential synergic mechanism of Wutou-Gancao herb-pair by inhibiting efflux transporter P-glycoprotein. J Pharm Anal 2019; 10:178-186. [PMID: 32373389 PMCID: PMC7192969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wutou-Gancao herb-pair is extensively used to attenuate the toxicity and enhance the efficacy of aconite. In this study, potential synergic mechanism of the herb pair was investigated by utilizing multiple approaches. In silico and in vitro Caco-2 cell models were applied to study the potential binding mode of bioactive ingredients existing in liquorice with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as the inhibition effects on P-gp. Additionally, anti-inflammatory activity of aconitine (AC) combined with active ingredients of liquorice, as well as pharmacokinetic patterns of AC after co-administration was investigated. Anti-inflammatory effect of AC (1 mg/kg) in rats was enhanced in combination with bioactive ingredients of liquorice (10 mg/kg). In the meanwhile, the exposure of AC in vivo was altered, in terms of Cmax and AUC. For instance, the Cmax and AUC were increased to 1.9 and 1.3 folds, respectively, when used in combination with liquiritigenin. The in silico study revealed the potential binding mode with outward facing conformation of P-gp. The resulting data obtained from transport of rhodamine-123 (Rh-123) across Caco-2 cell monolayer further indicated that the function of P-gp was inhibited by chemicals in liquorice. The synergic effect was therefore proposed to be attributed to inhibition of P-gp by liquorice since AC has been demonstrated to be the substrate of P-gp. The resuls revealed that potential synergic mechanism of Wutou-Gancao herb-pair by inhibiting function of key efflux transporter P-gp to enhance the exposure of AC in systematic circulation, and further the anti-inflammatory effect, which helps clarify the compatibility rationale of these two herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei He
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Zihong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiulin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Yazhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
| | - Changxiao Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technologies and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, China.,Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Assessment Co. Ltd, China
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8
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Liu H, Qiu F, Yang X, Zhao H, Bian B, Wang L. Pharmacokinetics of the Yougui pill in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model rats and its pharmacological activity in vitro. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2357-2370. [PMID: 31409970 PMCID: PMC6643060 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s203874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacological activity of the Yougui pill (YGP), which is a well-known Chinese medicine formula. Methods An ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry via electrospray ionization interface (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of several components in rat plasma. The method was then successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics of six bioactive components in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model rats after oral administration of YGP. The expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with these six components, YGP extract, and YGP-containing serum were investigated to determine the pharmacodyamic material basis of YGP. Six bioactive components were detected in rat plasma, including songorine, benzoylhypaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, neoline, karacoline and sweroside, which were rapidly absorbed after administration in EAE model rats. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of six bioactive components were determined, and the constituents increased CREB and GAP-43 expressions in serum-deprived SH-SY5Y cells. The YGP-containing serum, six bioactive components, and YGP extract significantly increased the expression of both CREB and GAP-43 (P<0.01), and there was no difference between the three groups. Conclusion The songorine, benzoylhypaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, neoline, karacoline and sweroside were confirmed as the major bioactive components in YGP. The acquired data will be helpful for understanding the pharmacological and effective constituents of YGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.,Beijing Institute For Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinwei Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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9
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Liu H, Qiu F, Zhao H, Bian B, Wang L. Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry quantification of six bioactive components in rat plasma after oral administration of Yougui pill. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1867-1877. [PMID: 30868717 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Yougui pills are a classic Chinese medicine that shows significant effects on nerve regeneration and neuroprotection in modern pharmacological studies. With a complex formula, Yougui pills have faced significant challenges in the fields of bioanalysis and pharmacokinetics in animals and human studies. In the present study, a specific and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of the six bioactive components in rat plasma after oral administration of Yougui pills. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column with a gradient elution system. Samples were analysed using positive ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring mode. The assay showed good linearity for all six bioactive components in the dynamic range of 0.50 to 50 ng/mL with acceptable intra- and inter-batch accuracy and precision. The lower limits of quantification were 0.50 ng/mL for all six bioactive components. The method was successfully applied to rat pharmacokinetics after oral administration of Yougui pills. All six bioactive components were detected in rat plasma, including songorine, benzoylhypaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, neoline, karacoline, and sweroside, while some other target compounds were not detected, such as rhmannioside A, loganin, and cornuside I. After oral administration of Yougui pills at a dose of 2500 mg/kg, all six bioactive components were rapidly absorbed, resulting in tmax values less than 1 h and relative lower Cmax values. The t1/2 values for songorine, benzoylhypaconitine, benzoylmesaconitine, neoline, karacoline, and sweroside were calculated to be 2.62 ± 0.67, 2.11 ± 0.45, 1.94 ± 0.35, 1.88 ± 0.31, 2.07 ± 0.44, and 1.59 ± 0.30 h, which indicated that Yougui pills should be taken in multiple oral doses over a relatively short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.,Beijing Institute For Drug Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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10
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John H, Rychlik M, Thiermann H, Schmidt C. Simultaneous quantification of atropine and scopolamine in infusions of herbal tea and Solanaceae plant material by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (tandem) mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1911-1921. [PMID: 30117208 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atropine (Atr) and scopolamine (Scp) are toxic secondary plant metabolites of species within the Solanaceae genus that can accidentally or intentionally reach the food store chain by inaccurate harvesting of any plant material, e.g. for herbal tea infusions. Ingestion may cause severe anticholinergic poisoning thus requiring risk-oriented determination in food and beverages. The suitability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (tandem) mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF MS(/MS), should be characterized for simultaneous analysis. METHODS We herein present the first MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) procedure for quantitative determination of both alkaloids in herbal tea infusions and Solanaceae plant material. A standard additions procedure using triply deuterated Atr as internal standard was developed and validated. RESULTS Tropane alkaloids were detected without interferences and the standard additions procedure allowed reliable quantification. Intraday and interday precision were less than 17% and corresponding accuracies were between 77% and 112%. Limits of detection in the spotting solution were found at 5 ng/mL (Atr) and 0.5 ng/mL (Scp). The assay was applied to diverse tea infusions as well as to berries and leaves of deadly nightshade and angel's trumpet. CONCLUSIONS The usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) for investigations of plant-derived samples to prove contaminations by small basic compounds was demonstrated. The elaborate procedure is reliable but quite laborious to obtain quantitative results, but MALDI-TOF MS(/MS) was also shown to be a valuable tool for rapid qualitative screening for Atr and Scp in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Munich, Germany
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11
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A Validated LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Six Aconitum Alkaloids and Seven Ginsenosides in Rat Plasma and Application to Pharmacokinetics of Shen-Fu Prescription. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5107083. [PMID: 30050589 PMCID: PMC6046171 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5107083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six Aconitum alkaloids (aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconitine, benzoylhypacoitine, and benzoylmesaconine) and seven ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg1) in rat plasma after oral administration of Shen-Fu prescription. Psoralen was selected as internal standard (IS). Protein precipitation with methanol was used in sample preparation. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a CORTECS™ C18 column with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min. The detection was performed on a tandem mass system with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ionization and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The calibration curves of six Aconitum alkaloids and seven ginsenosides were linear over the range of 0.1-50 and 1-500 ng/mL, respectively. The extraction recoveries of the analytes in plasma samples ranged from 64.2 to 94.1%. Meanwhile, the intra- and interday precision of the analytes were less than 14.3%, and the accuracy was in the range of -14.2% to 9.8%. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics of six Aconitum alkaloids and seven ginsenosides in rat plasma after oral administration of Shen-Fu prescription.
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Seeing the unseen of Chinese herbal medicine processing ( Paozhi): advances in new perspectives. Chin Med 2018; 13:4. [PMID: 29375653 PMCID: PMC5773022 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing (Paozhi) represents a unique Chinese pharmaceutic technique to facilitate the use of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) for a specific clinical need in the guidance of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory. Traditionally, most CHMs require a proper processing to meet the needs of specific clinical syndromes before being prescribed by TCM practitioners. During processing, significant changes in chemical profiles occur, which inevitably influence the associated pharmacological properties of a CHM. However, although processing is formed in a long-term practice, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear for most CHMs. The deepening understanding of the mechanism of processing would provide scientific basis for standardization of processing. This review introduced the role of processing in TCM and several typical methods of processing. We also summarized the up-to-date efforts on the mechanistic study of CHM processing. The processing mechanisms mainly include the following aspects: (i) directly reducing contents of toxic constituents; (ii) structural transformation of constituents; (iii) improving solubility of constituents; (iv) physically changing the existing form of constituents; (v) and influence by excipients. These progress may give new insights into future researches.
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Zhang M, Wang M, Liang J, Wen Y, Xiong Z. Chemical UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Aconitum carmichaelii
Debx. Root extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Liang
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqing Wen
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Xiong
- School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
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A feasible, economical, and accurate analytical method for simultaneous determination of six alkaloid markers in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata from different manufacturing sources and processing ways. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:301-309. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou H, Zhang P, Hou Z, Xie J, Wang Y, Yang B, Xu Y, Li Y. Research on the Relationships between Endogenous Biomarkers and Exogenous Toxic Substances of Acute Toxicity in Radix Aconiti. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121623. [PMID: 27898008 PMCID: PMC6273418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Aconiti, a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used throughout China for disease treatment due to its various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, and analgesic effects. However, improper use of Radix Aconiti often generated severe acute toxicity. Currently, research on the toxic substances of Radix Aconiti is not rare. In our previous study, acute toxic biomarkers of Radix Aconiti have been found. However, few studies were available to find the relationships between these endogenous biomarkers and exogenous toxic substances. Therefore, in this study, toxic substances of Radix Aconiti have been found using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology. Then, we used biochemical indicators as a bridge to find the relationships between biomarkers and toxic substances of Radix Aconiti through Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Finally, the CCA results showed that LysoPC(22:5) is related to 14-acetyl-talatisamine, mesaconitine, talatisamine and deoxyaconitine in varying degrees; l-acetylcarnitine is negatively correlated with deoxyaconitine and demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline; shikimic acid has a good correlation with karacoline, demethyl-14-acetylkaracoline and deoxyaconitine; and valine is correlated with talatisamine and deoxyaconitine. Research on these relationships provides an innovative way to interpret the toxic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, and plays a positive role in the overall study of TCM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Zhiguo Hou
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Jiabin Xie
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yuming Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Zhang H, Ma S, Feng Z, Wang D, Li C, Cao Y, Chen X, Liu A, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Zhang G, Chai Y, Wang L, Xie XQ. Cardiovascular Disease Chemogenomics Knowledgebase-guided Target Identification and Drug Synergy Mechanism Study of an Herbal Formula. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33963. [PMID: 27678063 PMCID: PMC5039409 DOI: 10.1038/srep33963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is a popular treatment for various diseases in the clinic. Among the successful cases, Traditional Chinese Medicinal (TCM) formulae can achieve synergistic effects in therapeutics and antagonistic effects in toxicity. However, characterizing the underlying molecular synergisms for the combination of drugs remains a challenging task due to high experimental expenses and complication of multicomponent herbal medicines. To understand the rationale of combination therapy, we investigated Sini Decoction, a well-known TCM consisting of three herbs, as a model. We applied our established diseases-specific chemogenomics databases and our systems pharmacology approach TargetHunter to explore synergistic mechanisms of Sini Decoction in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. (1) We constructed a cardiovascular diseases-specific chemogenomics database, including drugs, target proteins, chemicals, and associated pathways. (2) Using our implemented chemoinformatics tools, we mapped out the interaction networks between active ingredients of Sini Decoction and their targets. (3) We also in silico predicted and experimentally confirmed that the side effects can be alleviated by the combination of the components. Overall, our results demonstrated that our cardiovascular disease-specific database was successfully applied for systems pharmacology analysis of a complicated herbal formula in predicting molecular synergetic mechanisms, and led to better understanding of a combinational therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shifan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Dongyao Wang
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chengjian Li
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- College of pharmacy, Second Military Medical University; Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy; National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research; Drug Discovery Institute; Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Wong MYM, So PK, Yao ZP. Direct analysis of traditional Chinese medicines by mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1026:2-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Shi YB, Liu L, Shao W, Wei T, Lin GM. Microcalorimetry studies of the antimicrobial actions of Aconitum alkaloids. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:690-5. [PMID: 26238544 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic activity of organisms can be measured by recording the heat output using microcalorimetry. In this paper, the total alkaloids in the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Aconiti Lateralis were extracted and applied to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The effect of alkaloids on bacteria growth was studied by microcalorimetry. The power-time curves were plotted with a thermal activity monitor (TAM) air isothermal microcalorimeter and parameters such as growth rate constant (μ), peak-time (Tm), inhibitory ratio (I), and enhancement ratio (E) were calculated. The relationships between the concentration of Aconitum alkaloids and μ of E. coli or S. aureus were discussed. The results showed that Aconitum alkaloids had little effect on E. coli and had a potentially inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-bin Shi
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Beijing Health Vocational College, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ting Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Gui-mei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
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Yang H, Gao W, Liu L, Liu K, Liu EH, Qi LW, Li P. Discovery of characteristic chemical markers for classification of aconite herbs by chromatographic profile and probabilistic neural network. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:10-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bai H, Wang S, Liu J, Gao D, Jiang Y, Liu H, Cai Z. Localization of ginsenosides in Panax ginseng with different age by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1026:263-271. [PMID: 26520809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The root of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. (P. ginseng) is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines, with ginsenosides as its main bioactive components. Because different ginsenosides have varied pharmacological effects, extraction and separation of ginsenosides are usually required for the investigation of pharmacological effects of different ginsenosides. However, the contents of ginsenosides vary with the ages and tissues of P. ginseng root. In this research, an efficient method to explore the distribution of ginsenosides and differentiate P. ginseng roots with different ages was developed based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-TOF-MSI). After a simple sample preparation, there were 18 peaks corresponding to 31 ginsenosides with distinct localization in the mass range of m/z 700-1400 identified by MALDI-TOF-MSI and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. All the three types of ginsenosides were successfully detected and visualized in images, which could be correlated with anatomical features. The P. ginseng at the ages of 2, 4 and 6 could be differentiated finely through the principal component analysis of data collected from the cork based on the ion images but not data from the whole tissue. The experimental result implies that the established method for the direct analysis of metabolites in plant tissues has high potential for the rapid identification of metabolites and analysis of their localizations in medicinal herbs. Furthermore, this technique also provides valuable information for the component-specific extraction and pharmacological research of herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangrui Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Use, history, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry chemical analysis of Aconitum. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 24:29-45. [PMID: 28911407 PMCID: PMC9345420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitum and its products have been used in Asia for centuries to treat various ailments, including arthritis, gout, cancer, and inflammation. In general, their preparations and dispensing have been restricted to qualified folk medicine healers due to their low safety index and reported toxicity. In the past few decades, official guidelines have been introduced in Asian pharmacopeias to control Aconitum herbal products. However, these guidelines were based on primitive analytical techniques for the determination of the whole Aconitum alkaloids and were unable to distinguish between toxic and nontoxic components. Recent advances in analytical techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrophoresis coupled with highly sensitive detectors, allowed rapid and accurate determination of Aconitum secondary metabolites. Reports focusing on liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of Aconitum and its herbal products are discussed in the current review. This review can be used by the health liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry regulatory authorities for updating pharmacopeial guidelines of Aconitum and its herbal products.
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Yang Y, Yin XJ, Guo HM, Wang RL, Song R, Tian Y, Zhang ZJ. Identification and comparative analysis of the major chemical constituents in the extracts of single fuzi herb and fuzi-gancao herb-pair by UFLC-IT-TOF/MS. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 12:542-53. [PMID: 25053554 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to establish a specific and sensitive method to comprehensively investigate and compare chemical constituents of Fuzi-Gancao herb pair (FG), consisting of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Fuzi, Chinese) and Roast Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Gancao, in Chinese) and Fuzi alone to explore the underlying interaction mechanism of FG. METHOD An ultra-fast liquid chromatography-ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UFLC/MS-IT-TOF) method using diazepam as internal standard was developed for the identification and semi-quantitative analysis of the phytochemical constituents of Fuzi and FG. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UFLC column using a gradient program with 40 mmol·L(-1) ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. RESULTS Fifty-one of the sixty compounds, including forty-five C19-diterpenoid alkaloids and six C20-diterpenoid alkaloids were tentatively identified in the extracts of Fuzi and FG through accurate mass measurements and fragmentation patterns. Comparing the contents of these alkaloids in these two extracts, it was found that the diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs) and the alkylolamine-diterpenoid alkaloids (ADAs) were increased, while the monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids (MDAs) were decreased in the extracts of FG. CONCLUSION This work provided comprehensive information for the quality control of Fuzi preparations, and the further investigation on the compatibility mechanisms of FG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin-Juan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ru-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Yang H, Yin H, Wang Z, Fan L, Li Q, Zhu X. Multi-composition analysis inRadix Aconiti Lateralisby single marker quantitation. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.26.2014.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Jaiswal Y, Liang Z, Ho A, Wong L, Yong P, Chen H, Zhao Z. Distribution of toxic alkaloids in tissues from three herbal medicine Aconitum species using laser micro-dissection, UHPLC-QTOF MS and LC-MS/MS techniques. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:155-174. [PMID: 25172517 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aconite poisoning continues to be a major type of poisoning caused by herbal drugs in many countries. Nevertheless, despite its toxic characteristics, aconite is used because of its valuable therapeutic benefits. The aim of the present study was to determine the distribution of toxic alkaloids in tissues of aconite roots through chemical profiling. Three species were studied, all being used in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda), namely: Aconitum carmichaelii, Aconitum kusnezoffii and Aconitum heterophyllum. Laser micro-dissection was used for isolation of target microscopic tissues, such as the metaderm, cortex, xylem, pith, and phloem, with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS) employed for detection of metabolites. Using a multi-targeted approach through auto and targeted LC-MS/MS, 48 known compounds were identified and the presence of aconitine, mesaconitine and hypaconitine that are the biomarkers of this plant was confirmed in the tissues. These results suggest that the three selected toxic alkaloids were exclusively found in A. carmichaelii and A. kusnezoffii. The most toxic components were found in large A. carmichaelii roots with more lateral root projections, and specifically in the metaderm, cork and vascular bundle tissues. The results from metabolite profiling were correlated with morphological features to predict the tissue specific distribution of toxic components and toxicity differences among the selected species. By careful exclusion of tissues having toxic diester diterpenoid alkaloids, the beneficial effects of aconite can still be retained and the frequency of toxicity occurrences can be greatly reduced. Knowledge of tissue-specific metabolite distribution can guide users and herbal drug manufacturers in prudent selection of relatively safer and therapeutically more effective parts of the root. The information provided from this study can contribute towards improved and effective management of therapeutically important, nonetheless, toxic drug such as Aconite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini Jaiswal
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhitao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Alan Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - LaiLai Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Peng Yong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhongzhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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Xu W, Zhang J, Zhu D, Huang J, Huang Z, Bai J, Qiu X. Rapid separation and characterization of diterpenoid alkaloids in processed roots ofAconitum carmichaeliusing ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2864-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Dayuan Zhu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Juan Huang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhihai Huang
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Junqi Bai
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Lab of Chinese Materia Medica Preparation, the Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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Alkaloid profiling of the traditional Chinese medicine Rhizoma corydalis using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:208-16. [PMID: 26579385 PMCID: PMC4629067 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since alkaloids are the major active constituents of Rhizoma corydalis (RC), a convenient and accurate analytical method is needed for their identification and characterization. Here we report a method to profile the alkaloids in RC based on liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A total of 16 alkaloids belonging to four different classes were identified by comparison with authentic standards. The fragmentation pathway of each class of alkaloid was clarified and their differences were elucidated. Furthermore, based on an analysis of fragmentation pathways and alkaloid profiling, a rapid and accurate method for the identification of unknown alkaloids in RC is proposed. The method could also be useful for the quality control of RC.
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Yang H, Liu L, Gao W, Liu K, Qi LW, Li P. Direct and comprehensive analysis of ginsenosides and diterpene alkaloids in Shenfu injection by combinatory liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:13-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dong L, Cheng B, Luo Y, Zhang N, Duan H, Jiang M, Wang Y, Bai G, Luo G. Identification of nuclear factor-κB inhibitors and β2 adrenergic receptor agonists in Chinese medicinal preparation Fuzilizhong pills using UPLC with quadrupole time-of-flight MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:113-121. [PMID: 24115085 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fuzilizhong Pills (FZLZ), a modified form of a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Lizhong Wan in Treatise on Febrile Diseases and consisting of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Ren Shen), Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Fu Zi, Zhi), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. or Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Gan Cao), Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Bai Zhu) and Zingiber offcinale Rosc. (Gan Jiang), show strong clinical therapeutic effects for dyspnea and pulmonary oedema. However, the bioactive compounds are still unclear. In this study, FZLZ was analysed using a rapid detection method to identify its anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic constituents. OBJECTIVE To develop a simple screening method to detect the anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic constituents of FZLZ. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with dual-bioactive (NF-κB and β2 -adrenergic receptor) luciferase reporter assay systems was employed. RESULTS Two β2 -adrenergic receptor agonists (salsolinol and higeramine) and three terpenoidal analogues of NF-κB inhibitors such as ginsenosides derivatives, triperpenoids derivatives and diester-diterpenoid aconitum alkaloid derivatives were characterised. Mesaconitine, flaconitine, ginsenosides Rb2, Rf, Rg2, F1 and Ro were considered to be new NF-κB inhibitors. Furthermore, IL-8 detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of the potential NF-κB inhibitors. CONCLUSION Compared with conventional fingerprints, activity-integrated fingerprints that contain both chemical and bioactive details offer a more comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of plant materials. This strategy clearly demonstrated that dual bioactivity-integrated fingerprinting is a powerful tool for the improved screening and identification of potential dual-target lead compounds in complex herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
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Wang H, So PK, Yao ZP. Direct analysis of herbal powders by pipette-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 809:109-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Guo N, Liu M, Yang D, Huang Y, Niu X, Wu R, Liu Y, Ma G, Dou D. Quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis of seven ginsenosides and three aconitum alkaloids in Shen-Fu decoction. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:165. [PMID: 24107599 PMCID: PMC3853001 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Shen-Fu decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription with a 3:2 ratio of Radix Ginseng and Fuzi (Radix Aconiti lateralis praeparata). Ginsenosides and alkaloids are considered to be the main active components of Shen-Fu decoction. However, no analytical methods have been used to quantitatively analyse both components in Shen-Fu decoction simultaneously. Results We successfully developed a rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of seven ginsenosides and three aconitum alkaloids in Shen-Fu decoction, the decoction of Radix ginseng and Fuzi (Radix Aconiti lateralis praeparata). Chromatogrpahic separation by RPLC was achieved using a reversed-phase column and a water/acetonitrile mobile phase, containing 0.05% formic acid and using a gradient system. The method was optimized to allow for simultaneous analysis of all analytes in 11minutes without the need for baseline resolution of the components. Furthermore, the separation demonstrated good linearity (r > 0.9882), repeatability (RSD < 7.01%), intra- and inter-day precisions (RSD < 5.06%) and high yields of recovery (91.13-111.97%) for ten major constituents, namely ginsenoside-Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, Rf, aconitine, hypacoitine and mesaconitine. Conclusions The developed method could be used as a rapid and reliable approach for assessment of the quantity of the major constituents in Shen-Fu decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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van der Greef J, van Wietmarschen H, van Ommen B, Verheij E. Looking back into the future: 30 years of metabolomics at TNO. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2013; 32:399-415. [PMID: 23630115 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites have played an essential role in our understanding of life, health, and disease for thousands of years. This domain became much more important after the concept of metabolism was discovered. In the 1950s, mass spectrometry was coupled to chromatography and made the technique more application-oriented and allowed the development of new profiling technologies. Since 1980, TNO has performed system-based metabolic profiling of body fluids, and combined with pattern recognition has led to many discoveries and contributed to the field known as metabolomics and systems biology. This review describes the development of related concepts and applications at TNO in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, nutritional, and microbiological fields, and provides an outlook for the future.
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Guo N, Yang D, Ablajan K, Niu X, Fan B, Wang Z, Dai J, Wu X, Liu B. Simultaneous quantitation of seven alkaloids in processed Fuzi decoction by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1953-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao China
| | - Keyume Ablajan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinjiang University; Urumqi China
| | - Xiaohong Niu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Bin Fan
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Jingang Dai
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoxia Wu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Baidong Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
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Zhang JM, Liao W, He YX, He Y, Yan D, Fu CM. Study on intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic characterization of diester diterpenoid alkaloids in precipitation derived from fuzi-gancao herb-pair decoction for its potential interaction mechanism investigation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:128-35. [PMID: 23506993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. (Fuzi in Chinese) has been widely clinically used to treat heart failure and rheumatism. Whereas its serious toxicity, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae (Gancao in Chinese) was combined with it as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herb-pair for toxicity reduction and pharmacological effect improvement. Though some previous viewpoints about that has been reported, the underlying interaction mechanism of two herbs remain unknown and definitely worthy of investigating. AIM OF STUDY In present study, we focus on Fuzi-Gancao herb-pair precipitation (FGP), considering it related to the compatibility mechanism of Fuzi-Gancao herb-pair. The intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic characters of 3 diester diterpenoid alkaloids in the precipitation were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Both everted gut sac model and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model were used to investigate rat small intestinal permeability and transport mechanism of aconitine, hypaconitine and mesaconitine. Moreover, by means of determination of the plasma concentration, the pharmacokinetic characters of 3 alkaloid compounds in rats have been developed. RESULTS In everted gut sac permeability experiment, the permeability of hypaconitine appeared best in ileum. Furthermore, their uptakes were increased in the presence of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. In situ single-pass intestinal perfusion uptake experiment, results revealed that the transport mechanism may fit the active transport mechanism. And 3 alkaloids in FPG could be absorbed well in rats, fitting 2-compartment model with 1(st) order absorption and lag time. CONCLUSIONS Our results in present study indicated that 3 diester diterpenoid alkaloids in FGP could be dissolved out in gastrointestinal tract firstly and then absorbed in blood after oral administration, which could result in prolonging their mean residence time and adding their absorbed doses, avoiding dose dumping. The current study has significant enlightenments for further investigation on the interaction mechanisms of other acid-base herb-pairs as well as Fuzi-Gancao herb-pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ming Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang District 1166, Chengdu City, Sichuan, PR China
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Study on the Fragmentation Pathway of the Aconitine-Type Alkaloids under Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Utilizing Quantum Chemistry. J Pharm Innov 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-013-9148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pei L, Bao Y, Liu S, Zheng J, Chen X. Material basis of Chinese herbal formulas explored by combining pharmacokinetics with network pharmacology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57414. [PMID: 23468985 PMCID: PMC3585395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), using several herbs in combination (called formulas), has a history of more than one thousand years. However, the bioactive compounds that account for their therapeutic effects remain unclear. We hypothesized that the material basis of a formula are those compounds with a high content in the decoction that are maintained at a certain level in the system circulation. Network pharmacology provides new methodological insights for complicated system studies. In this study, we propose combining pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis with network pharmacology to explore the material basis of TCM formulas as exemplified by the Bushen Zhuanggu formula (BZ) composed of Psoralea corylifolia L., Aconitum carmichaeli Debx., and Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. A sensitive and credible liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous determination of 15 compounds present in the three herbs. The concentrations of these compounds in the BZ decoction and in rat plasma after oral BZ administration were determined. Up to 12 compounds were detected in the BZ decoction, but only 5 could be analyzed using PK parameters. Combined PK results, network pharmacology analysis revealed that 4 compounds might serve as the material basis for BZ. We concluded that a sensitive, reliable, and suitable LC-MS/MS method for both the composition and pharmacokinetic study of BZ has been established. The combination of PK with network pharmacology might be a potent method for exploring the material basis of TCM formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Pei
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu Y, Liu Q, Gao J, Liu S, Yu X, Ma Q, Qiao Y. HPLC–MSn Analysis of Organic Acids and Glycosides in Qi-gui-yin Granules. J Pharm Innov 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-012-9139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Lai YH, So PK, Lo SCL, Ng EWY, Poon TCW, Yao ZP. Rapid differentiation of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 753:73-81. [PMID: 23107139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)-based method has been developed for rapid differentiation between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius, two herbal medicines with similar chemical and physical properties but different therapeutic effects. This method required only a small quantity of samples, and the herbal medicines were analyzed by MALDI-MS either after a brief extraction step, or directly on the powder form or small pieces of raw samples. The acquired MALDI-MS spectra showed different patterns of ginsenosides and small chemical molecules between P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, thus allowing unambiguous differentiation between the two Panax species based on the specific ions, intensity ratios of characteristic ions or principal component analysis. The approach could also be used to differentiate red ginseng or P. quinquefolius adulterated with P. ginseng from pure P. ginseng and pure Panax quinquefolium. The intensity ratios of characteristic ions in the MALDI-MS spectra showed high reproducibility and enabled quantitative determination of ginsenosides in the herbal samples and percentage of P. quinquefolius in the adulterated binary mixture. The method is simple, rapid, robust, and can be extended for analysis of other herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Han Lai
- Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Zhang JM, Fu CM, Hu YC, Li Y, Qing SH, Gao F. Screening out Potential Cardio-Toxic Components of Chinese HerbRadix Aconiti Lateralisin Rat Dosed Plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.677791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Wu J, Hong B, Wang J, Wang X, Niu S, Zhao C. The comparative research on constituents of Radix Aconiti and its processing by HPLC quadrupole TOF-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1301-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Hong
- Institute of Medicine; Qiqihar Medical University; Qiqihar; 161042; People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang; 110016; People's Republic of China
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Li M, Hou XF, Zhang J, Wang SC, Fu Q, He LC. Applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of traditional Chinese medicines. J Pharm Anal 2012; 1:81-91. [PMID: 29403684 PMCID: PMC5760786 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-1779(11)70015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been used in clinical applications for thousands of years. The successful hyphenation of high-Performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) has been applied widely in TCMs and biological samples analysis. Undoubtedly, HPLC/MS technique has facilitated the understanding of the treatment mechanism of TCMs. We reviewed more than 350 published papers within the last 5 years on HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. The present review focused on the applications of HPLC/MS in the component analysis, metabolites analysis, and pharmacokinetics of TCMs etc. 50% of the literature is related to the component analysis of TCMs, which show that this field is the most populär type of research. In the metabolites analysis, HPLC coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry has been demonstrated to be the powerful tool for the characterization of structural features and fragmentation behavior patterns. This paper presented a brief overview of the applications of HPLC/MS in the analysis of TCMs. HPLC/MS in the fingerprint analysis is reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Hou
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Si-Cen Wang
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lang-Chong He
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Cao Y, Chen XF, Lü DY, Dong X, Zhang GQ, Chai YF. Using cell membrane chromatography and HPLC-TOF/MS method for in vivo study of active components from roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. J Pharm Anal 2012; 1:125-134. [PMID: 29403691 PMCID: PMC5760790 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-1779(11)70022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An offline two-dimensional system combining a rat cardiac muscle cell membrane chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CMC-TOF/MS) with a high Performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS) was established for investigating the parent components and metabolites in rat urine samples after administration of the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. On the basis ofthe analysis of the first dimension, retention components of the urine sample were collected into 30 fractions (one fraction per minute). Then offline analysis of the second dimension was carried out. 34 compounds including 24 parent alkaloids and 10 potential metabolites were identified from the dosed rat urine, and then binding affinities of different compounds on cell membranes were compared and influences of some functional groups on activity were estimated with the semi-quantification and curve fitting method. As a result, binding affinities decreased along with the process of deacylation, debenzoylation and demethylation, which may be related to the alleviation of toxicity in the procedure of herb processing or metabolism. Moreover, some minor components in rat urine (Songorine, 14-benzoylneoline, Deoxyaconitine, etc.) exerted relatively strong affinity on cell membranes are worth exploring. The results delivered by the System suggest that the CMC can be applied to in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Di-Ya Lü
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yi-Feng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author.
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Lu M, Cai Z. Advances of MALDI-TOF MS in the Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicines. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 331:143-64. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sun A, Gao B, Ding X, Huang CM, But PPH. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Aconitum Alkaloids in Raw and Processed Chuanwu and Caowu by HPLC in Combination with Automated Analytical System and ESI/MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:936131. [PMID: 22567575 PMCID: PMC3335326 DOI: 10.1155/2012/936131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
HPLC in combination with automated analytical system and ESI/MS/MS was used to analyze aconitine (A), mesaconitine (MA), hypaconitine (HA), and their benzoyl analogs in the Chinese herbs Caowu and Chuanwu. First, an HPLC method was developed and validated to determine A, MA, and HA in raw and processed Caowu and Chuanwu. Then an automated analytical system and ESI/MS/MS were applied to analyze these alkaloids and their semihydrolyzed products. The results obtained from automated analytical system are identical to those from ESI/MS/MS, which indicated that the method is a convenient and rapid tool for the qualitative analysis of herbal preparations. Furthermore, HA was little hydrolyzed by heating processes and thus it might account more for the toxicity of processed aconites. Hence, HA could be used as an indicator when one alkaloid is required as a reference to monitor the quality of raw and processed Chuanwu and Caowu. In addition, the raw and processed Chuanwu and Caowu can be distinguished by monitoring the ratio of A and MA to HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Sun
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- *Aimin Sun: and
| | - Bo Gao
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xueqing Ding
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | - Paul Pui-Hay But
- Department of Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- *Paul Pui-Hay But:
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Ye L, Gao S, Feng Q, Liu W, Yang Z, Hu M, Liu Z. Development and validation of a highly sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, and five of their metabolites in rat blood and its application to a pharmacokinetics study of aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:518-25. [PMID: 22188409 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.641608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, specific and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight Aconitum alkaloids: aconitine (AC), mesaconitine (MA), hypaconitine (HA), benzoylaconine (BAC), benzoylmesaconine (BMA), benzoylhypaconine (BHA), aconine and mesaconine in rat blood by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The UPLC-MS/MS system coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was operated in a positive mode via multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM). Samples were treated with methanol to remove protein prior to analysis by UPLC-MS/MS. The analytes were separated with a Waters C18 column (1.7 µm, 50 × 2.1 mm) and a gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid-water as the mobile phases. The linear response range was from 0.125 to 1000 nmol/L for these eight alkaloids and the correlation coefficients (r(2) values) were all higher than 0.997. The method was validated with respect to precision, accuracy, recovery, matrix effect, carryover effect and sample stability, and found to be within the acceptable limits. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to simultaneously determine the eight Aconitum alkaloids in rats blood after intravenous administration of a mixture of AC, MA and HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Borcsa B, Csupor D, Forgo P, Widowitz U, Bauer R, Hohmann J. Aconitum lipo-alkaloids – Semisynthetic Products of the Traditional Medicine. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [PMID: 21560765 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The term lipo-alkaloid is used for C19 aconitane alkaloids containing one or two long-chain fatty acid residues. Lipo-alkaloids are transesterified derivatives of the most toxic and highly effective diester-type diterpene alkaloids, such as aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine. Lipo-alkaloids are native minor compounds of aconite drugs, but their amount significantly increases after traditional processing, which is a general method in the Far Eastern traditional medicinal systems. Analytical works demonstrated that cautious processing (usually boiling) of crude aconite roots decreases the amount of normal diterpene alkaloids and increases the concentration of lipo-alkaloids resulting in the reduction of toxicity of the drugs. Many papers reported that lipo-alkaloids occur as a complex mixture in the drugs, and the isolation of the individual components is extremely difficult. These compounds have been identified using highly sensitive analytical methods (HPLC-MS, NMR), and semisynthetic approaches have been developed to ensure lipo-alkaloids in pure form for pharmacological studies. This review summarizes the structure, chemistry, semisynthesis, analytics and bioactivities of lipo-alkaloids. On the basis of 32 references this is the first comprehensive study on this topic, covering the data of 173 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Borcsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Forgo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ute Widowitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Mu Y, Li L, Wei HL, Kuang TC, Hu SQ. 14-Benzoyl-mesaconine hydro-chloride methanol monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o974-5. [PMID: 21754235 PMCID: PMC3099831 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811010300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C31H44N3O10+·Cl−·CH4O, is the methanol solvate of 8-benzoyloxy-,9,11,11a-tetrahydroxy-6,10,13-trimethoxy-3-methoxymethyl-1-methyltetradecahydro-1H-3,6a,12-(epiethane-1,1,2-triyl)-7,9-methanonaphtho[2,3-b]azocin-1-ium chloride, the amine-protonated hydrochloride of 14-benzoylmesaconine hydrochloride. The cation has an aconitine carbon skeleton with four six-membered rings of which three display chair conformations and one a boat conformation, and two five-membered rings with envelope conformations. In the crystal, the components are connected into an infinite chain by inter- and intramolecular O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.
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Tan G, Lou Z, Jing J, Li W, Zhu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Chai Y. Screening and analysis of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat urine after oral administration of aconite roots extract using LC-TOFMS-based metabolomics. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1343-51. [PMID: 21413046 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aconite roots are popularly used in herbal medicines in China. Many cases of accidental and intentional intoxication with this plant have been reported; some of these are fatal because the toxicity of aconitum is very high. It is thus important to detect and identify aconitum alkaloids in biofluids. In this work, an improved method employing LC-TOFMS with multivariate data analysis was developed for screening and analysis of major aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat urine following oral administration of aconite roots extract. Thirty-four signals highlighted by multivariate statistical analyses including 24 parent components and 10 metabolites were screened out and further identified by adjustment of the fragmentor voltage to produce structure-relevant fragment ions. It is helpful for studying aconite roots in toxicology, pharmacology and forensic medicine. This work also confirmed that the metabolomic approach provides effective tools for screening multiple absorbed and metabolic components of Chinese herbal medicines in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangguo Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Wang Z, Liu J, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Fangjiomics: in search of effective and safe combination therapies. J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 51:1132-51. [PMID: 21209238 DOI: 10.1177/0091270010382913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Millennia-old Chinese medicine treats disease with many combination therapies involving ingredients used in clinic practice. Fangjiomics is the science of identifying and designing effective mixtures of bioactive agents and elucidating their modes of action beyond those of Chinese patent medicines. Omics profiling and quantitative optimal modeling have been used to associate the various responses with biological pathways related to disease phenotype. Fangjiomics seeks to study myriad compatible combinations that may act through multiple targets, modes of action, and biological pathways balancing on off-target and on-target effects. This approach may lead to the discovery of controllable array-designed therapies to combine less potent elements that are more effective collectively but have fewer adverse side effects than does any element singly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Steinmann D, Ganzera M. Recent advances on HPLC/MS in medicinal plant analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 55:744-57. [PMID: 21131153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
With gaining popularity of herbal remedies worldwide, the need of assuring safety and efficacy of these products increases as well. By nature they are complex matrices, comprising a multitude of compounds, which are prone to variation due to environmental factors and manufacturing conditions. Furthermore, many traditional preparations compose of multiple herbs, so that only highly selective, sensitive and versatile analytical techniques will be suitable for quality control purposes. By hyphenating high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) these high demands are fulfilled, providing the user with a multitude of technical options and applications. This review intends to reflect the impact of LC-MS for medicinal plant analysis focusing on most relevant reports published within the last five years. Commenced by introductory remarks to the different MS approaches most commonly used (e.g. ion trap and time of flight mass analyzers, fragmentation and ionization modes), respective LC-MS applications on the analysis of natural products in medicinal plants, commercial products and biological samples are presented. Methodological aspects like stationary and mobile phase selection or MS settings are discussed, and advantages or limitations of the described techniques are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Steinmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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