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Codreanu (Manea) AMN, Stefan DS, Kim L, Stefan M. Depollution of Polymeric Leather Waste by Applying the Most Current Methods of Chromium Extraction. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1546. [PMID: 38891494 PMCID: PMC11175144 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world due to the large amounts of waste following raw hide processing but also due to the high content of chemical substances present in leather waste. The main problem with chromium-tanned leather solid waste is related to the storage, due to the ability of chromium to leach into soil or water, and also owing to the high ability of trivalent chromium to oxidize to its toxic form, hexavalent chromium. The purpose of this article is to present the most current methods of chromium extraction from solid tanned leather waste in order to obtain non-polluting leather, which can constitute secondary raw material in new industrial processes. The extraction methods identified in the present study are based on acid/basic/enzymatic hydrolysis and substitution with the help of organic chelators (organic acids and organic acid salts). In addition, this study includes a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each identified extraction method. At the same time, this study also presents alternative chromium extraction methods based on the combination of conventional extraction methods and ultrasound-assisted extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Nicoleta Codreanu (Manea)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu Street, No 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department for Evaluation, Monitoring Environmental Pollution, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, No 57-73, 060652 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Simina Stefan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu Street, No 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lidia Kim
- Department for Evaluation, Monitoring Environmental Pollution, National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology, Drumul Podu Dambovitei Street, No 57-73, 060652 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mircea Stefan
- Pharmacy Faculty, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 22 Dâmbovnicului Street, 040441 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhao G, Yang M, Zhang T, Jia B, Xu L, Cheng P. Simultaneous and on-line detection of organic and heavy metal components in water using a novel nebulization-assisted injection plasma ionization triple quadruple mass spectrometry instrument. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342531. [PMID: 38637047 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global release of organic and heavy metal components into natural water bodies is a major concern for the environment and human health. The assessment of water quality relies on analyzing organic and heavy metal components qualitatively and quantitatively. Real-time identification of organic and metal components in water systems requires different analytical techniques due to varying measurement requirements. Thus, on-line detecting both organic compounds and heavy metals in ambient water systems simultaneously using a single instrumentation setup presents a significant challenge. RESULTS In this study, an analytical technique of nebulization-assisted injection plasma ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PIMS) was developed. This novel method enables the simultaneous detection of heavy metals and organic compounds in water system with high sensitivity, which has been demonstrated by the limit of quantification (LOQ) values below 1.0 μg/L for the three sterols (Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and clenbuterol) and three heavy metals (Pb, Ba, and Cd). Moreover, the method was successfully applied to rapidly analyze real water samples from urban and rural areas in China. The analytical results are available in less than 0.5 min, and only a few microliters of sample are required for each analysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY As far as we know, this is the first report of on-line simultaneous analysis of organic compounds and heavy metals in a water system using a single mass spectrometry instrument. Compared to traditional methods, NI-PIMS demonstrates higher efficiency, sensitivity, no or lower sample preparation, and less sample consumption. The advancement and widespread use of this technology are expected to enhance the effectiveness of mass spectrometers, broaden the applications, and play an important role in complex sample analysis in fields such as atmospheric science, environmental science, and earth science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Maolin Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai, Shanghai, 201109, China
| | - Bin Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Zhao W, Xu L, Wang H, He T, Xie X. Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction in soil samples preparation and elemental determination by ICP-OES. ANAL SCI 2024; 40:263-270. [PMID: 37910327 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A fast, simple and green method was established for the extraction of Al, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, P, Pb, V and Zn from soil samples using ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents (DESs). DESs based on choline chloride, carboxylic acids and polyols were investigated. It was established that the solvent synthesized from choline chloride and oxalic acid provided the highest extraction recovery (85-104%). Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was employed to determine the target analytes in the extracts. The parameters that affect the extraction of target analytes was optimized using standard reference samples. Target analytes could be effectively isolated from soil samples using 0.5 g of DES, ultrasound for 40 min, and heating at 80 ℃. The content of the target analytes determined by this method showed no significant difference from the certified values of 24 reference samples. The proposed method was applied to quantify target analytes in real soil samples. Compared to the traditional acid digestion method, this method showed no significant difference in precision and accuracy, with a confidence level of 95%. The proposed method was found to be simple, accurate and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhao
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, People's Republic of China.
- Northeast Geological S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Shenyang, 110006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liming Xu
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian He
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Xie
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, People's Republic of China
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Toth J, Yargeau V. Multiresidue method for the fast and efficient analysis of current-use pesticides in streambed sediments using pressurized liquid extraction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167703. [PMID: 37820802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A multiresidue method for the fast and efficient analysis of current-use pesticides in streambed sediments is reported. The method employs pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for the automated extraction of pesticide residues from small quantities (5 g) of lyophilized sediment samples. Various PLE parameters, including the extraction solutions and oven temperature, were optimized for thirty diverse current-use pesticides (CUPs) known to be commonly applied to corn and soybean monoculture crops. Following extraction, samples were analyzed with a fast and simplified quantitative multiresidue analytical method using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with online solid phase extraction (SPE) on a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) column. Validation of the method demonstrated acceptable recoveries (avg 41.4 %) comparable with other multiresidue methods for sediments, reliable intraday (<13 %) and interday (<24 %) repeatability, reasonable matrix effects (avg -54 %), and low LODs (avg 0.53 ng g-1 dw) and LOQs (avg 2.18 ng g-1 dw) given the complexity of the sediment matrix. The method was applied to 119 streambed sediment samples collected from agriculture-adjacent headwater streams near Lac Saint-Pierre in Québec, Canada to demonstrate the utility of the method. Fourteen of the thirty target analytes were detected within the samples, including nine herbicides, two insecticides, and three fungicides. To the best of our knowledge, an equally simple and efficient multiresidue method for the quantitative analysis of diverse CUPs in streambed sediments using PLE and UHPLC-MS/MS with online SPE has not yet been reported in the literature. This method helps to reduce labour and material inputs, avoids excessive sample manipulation, and allows for fast quantitative analysis of trace pesticide residues in streambed sediments, with the potential for application to other contaminants of emerging concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Toth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montréal H3A 0C5, Québec, Canada
| | - Viviane Yargeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, 3610 rue University, Montréal H3A 0C5, Québec, Canada.
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Munjanja BK, Nomngongo PN, Mketo N. Mycotoxins in Vegetable Oils: A Review of Recent Developments, Current Challenges and Future Perspectives in Sample Preparation, Chromatographic Determination, and Analysis of Real Samples. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-14. [PMID: 38133964 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2286642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic compounds that are formed as secondary metabolites by some fungal species that contaminate crops during pre- and postharvest stages. Exposure to mycotoxins can lead to adverse health effects in humans, such as carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity. Hence, there is a need to develop analytical methods for their determination in vegetable oils that possess high sensitivity and selectivity. In the current review (116 references), the recent developments, current challenges, and perspectives in sample preparation techniques and chromatographic determination are summarized. It is impressive that current sample preparation techniques such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), quick, easy, cheap, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) have exhibited high extraction recoveries and minimal matrix effects. However, a few studies have reported signal suppression or enhancement. Regarding chromatographic techniques, high sensitivity and selectivity have been reported by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection, tandem mass spectrometry, or high-resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, current challenges and perspectives in this field are tentatively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil K Munjanja
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Philiswa N Nomngongo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nomvano Mketo
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, Roodepoort, South Africa
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Castiñeira-Landeira A, Vazquez L, Gonzalez-Leirado H, Llompart M, Dagnac T. Ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of multiclass herbicides in soil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:7197-7209. [PMID: 37870584 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
An analytical methodology based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the identification and quantification of 9 authorized herbicides in soil (dimethenamid-P, imazamox, S-metolachlor, nicosulfuron, pendimethalin, prosulfuron, bentazone, terbuthylazine, and mesotrione). Preliminary experiments dealing with solvent extraction, the extraction technique, and herbicide response comparison in soil, with and without organic amendments, were carried out with the purpose of obtaining high sample throughput and sensitivity. UAE and the solvent mixture water:methanol demonstrated higher efficiency and they were selected as sample treatment and extraction solvent, respectively. Critical parameters affecting UAE were optimized by experimental design. In the present research, the extraction technique used in the official EPA microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methodology (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and UAE optimized methodology were compared. The results indicated that the developed method showed better efficacy since microwave extraction gave very poor responses for nicosulfuron and prosulfuron. The temperature extraction was also optimized; room temperature was the most suitable to work with. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed UAE-LC-MS/MS method was assessed in terms of linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9912), accuracy (recoveries around 100%), and precision (relative standard deviation, RSD < 13%). The absence of significant matrix effects allowed quantification in real samples by external calibration with standards prepared in water:methanol. Method sustainability was also evaluated using the metric tool AGREEPrep. Finally, the analysis of real contaminated samples revealed the presence of 7 out of the 9 studied herbicides with S-metolachlor at high concentrations in all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Castiñeira-Landeira
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lua Vazquez
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Helena Gonzalez-Leirado
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Llompart
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Agency for Food Quality - Agronomic Research Centre (AGACAL-CIAM) - Unit of Organic Contaminants, Mail Box 10, E-15080, A Coruña, Spain
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Zhao W, Sun Y, Wei X, Niu G, Zhou C. Determination of major and trace elements in plant samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with deep eutectic solvent extraction based on choline chloride and carboxylic acids. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4275-4281. [PMID: 37592886 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00958k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, precise, and environmentally friendly approach utilizing an ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent-based extraction method was developed for the extraction of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S and Zn from plant samples. The investigation was conducted on deep eutectic solvents that are based on choline chloride and carboxylic acids. The determination of target analytes in the extracts was carried out using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The DESs based on malic acid were found to exhibit the highest extraction recovery values (95-106%). The parameters affecting the extraction of target analytes were optimized using standard reference materials. The target analytes can be effectively extracted from plant samples using 0.5 g of DESs and ultrasonication for 40 minutes. The determination results of the reference samples indicated that the relative error (RE) was below 15.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 6.3%, demonstrating excellent accuracy and precision. The proposed method was employed to quantify target analytes in actual plant samples. The accuracy of this method was not significantly different from that of the microwave digestion method. The proposed method has been demonstrated to be a valid approach for the determination of target elements in actual plant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhao
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource Coupling Process and Effects, Beijing, 100055, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China.
| | - Guangyuan Niu
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanfang Zhou
- Center for Harbin Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150039, P. R. China.
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Lee H, Jung G, Min J, Kim H, Jeong W, Kim T. Korean Proficiency Tests for Pesticide Residues in Rice: Comparison of Various Proficiency Testing Evaluation Methods and Identification of Critical Factors for Multiresidue Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102085. [PMID: 37238903 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing pesticide safety management for agricultural products necessitates accurate pesticide analysis at analytical laboratories. Proficiency testing is regarded an effective method for quality control. Herein, proficiency tests were carried out for residual pesticide analysis in laboratories. All samples satisfied the homogeneity and stability criteria of the ISO 13528 standard. The obtained results were analyzed using the ISO 17043 z-score evaluation. Both individual pesticide and multiresidue proficiency evaluations were performed, and the proportion of z-scores within the ±2 range ("Satisfactory" rating) obtained for seven pesticides ranged 79-97%. Of the laboratories, 83% were classified as Category A using the category A/B method, and these also received AAA ratings in the triple-A evaluations. Furthermore, 66-74% of the laboratories were rated "Good" via five evaluation methods based on their z-scores. The sum of weighted z-scores and scaled sum of squared z-scores were considered as the most suitable evaluation techniques, as they compensated for the drawbacks of good results and corrected the poor results. To identify the main factors affecting laboratory analysis, the experience of the analyst, sample weight, calibration curve preparation method, and cleanup status were considered. A dispersive solid phase extraction cleanup significantly improved the results (p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosub Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhee Jung
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Min
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, 25, Sangyeok-ro 14-gil, Buk-gu, Daegu 41536, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyanghee Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Wontae Jeong
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekkyum Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 166 Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
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Ultrasonication Effects on Quality of Tea-Based Beverages. BEVERAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Tea is the most popular consumed drink after water. Teas and tea-based beverages have grown in popularity due to bioactive compounds. Tea-based beverages have started to take their place in the market. Extraction is a crucial step for the production of functional tea-based beverages. Compared to conventional methods, ultrasound is attractive due to its lower energy requirements, and shorter extraction time. This review aimed to discuss recent marketing aspects of tea-based beverages as well as the potential and challenges of a novel infusion technique. This review describes the health benefits and technological aspects of tea-based beverages in relation to how to best solve nutritional and microbial concerns. Current and future challenges and opportunities of the novel infusion technique and its scaling-up for the extraction of bioactive compounds are also covered in the present review.
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Lanjwani MF, Tuzen M, Khuhawar MY, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Farajzadeh MA. Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction and Preconcentration of Organic and Inorganic Species in Water and Food Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-14. [PMID: 35980662 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2111655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been developed as green solvents and these are capable as alternatives to conventional solvents used for the extraction of organic and inorganic species from food and water samples. The continuous generation of contaminated waste and increasing concern for the human health and environment have compelled the scientific community to investigate more ecological schemes. In this concern, the use of DESs have developed in one of the chief approach in the field of chemistry. These solvents have appeared as a capable substitute to conventional hazardous solvents and ionic liquids. The DESs has distinctive properties, easy preparation and components availability. It is not only used in scienctific fields but also used in quotidian life. There are many advantages of DESs in analytical chemistry, they are largely used for extraction and determination of inorganic and organic compounds from different samples. In previous a few years, several advanced researches have been focused on the separation and preconcentration of low level of pollutants using DESs as the extractants. This review summarizes the use of DESs in the separation and preconcentration of organic and inorganic species from water and food samples using various microextraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
- Dr M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
- King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Research Institute, Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Li S, Zhang S, Liu Y, Fu X, Xiang X, Gao S. Effects of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation on the interface and foaming characteristics of ovotransferrin. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 84:105958. [PMID: 35220178 PMCID: PMC8889255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ovotransferrin (OVT) is one of the major functional proteins in egg white protein. Most of the industry only paid attention the biological activity of OVT in iron supplement, antibacterial and other aspects, few reports were carried out on its processing characteristics such as foaming, interfacial behavior such as emulsification and foaming, which was an important processing functional attribute affecting its application scenario. In this study, the effects of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation on the interface and foaming characteristics of OVT were investigated. The results showed that proper ultrasonic treatment had a significant effect on the structure and physicochemical properties of OVT glycosylation products. When ultrasonic treatment lasted for 20 min, the grafting degree of OVT was 20.98%, the particle size decreased and the absolute value of potential increased. The foaming ability of OVT increased first and then decreased after ultrasonic-assisted glycosylation treatment. The foaming ability of OVT increased from 43.54% to 96.73% and the foaming stability increased from 68.92% to 89.19% after ultrasonic-assisted glycosylation treatment for 20 min. The experimental study effectively discovered the effect of ultrasound-assisted glycosylation on the foaming property of OVT, and would provide important technical references for expanding its application in food, biology, medicine and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing of Anhui Province/School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xing Fu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaole Xiang
- School of Food Science and Bioengineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, Hunan, China
| | - Sihai Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Sergazina M, Vazquez L, Llompart M, Dagnac T. Occurrence of Fungicides in Vineyard and the Surrounding Environment. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206152. [PMID: 34684732 PMCID: PMC8537801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen fungicides were determined in different matrices from vineyard areas, including vine leaves, soils, grapes and water, using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For leaf analysis, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was performed evaluating different solvents. UAE was compared with other extraction techniques such as vortex extraction (VE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD). The performance of the UAE method was demonstrated on vine leaf samples and on other types of samples such as tea leaves, underlining its general suitability for leaf crops. As regards other matrices, soils were analyzed by UAE and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), grapes by UAE and waters by SPE using cork as the sorbent. The proposed method was applied to 17 grape leaf samples in which 14 of the target fungicides were detected at concentrations up to 1000 μg g−1. Furthermore, the diffusion and transport of fungicides was demonstrated not only in crops but also in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meruyert Sergazina
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (L.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Lua Vazquez
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Maria Llompart
- CRETUS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (M.S.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.D.)
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Agency for Food Quality—Agronomic Research Centre (AGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, Apartado 10, E-15080 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.D.)
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Techniques for the detection and quantification of emerging contaminants. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, the diverse industrial practices and human inputs widely disseminated emerging contaminants (ECs) throughout environmental matrices, which is of great concern. Even at low concentrations, ECs pose major ecological problems and threaten human health and the environment’s biota. Consequently, people’s interest and concerns on the widespread dissemination of environmentally connected ECs of great concern as developed due to their scientific understanding, technical innovation, and socioeconomic awareness. Increased detection of contaminants may occur from climatic, socioeconomic, and demographic changes and the growing sensitivity of analytical techniques. Hence, this article reviews the determination of ECs in ecological specimens, from aquatic setup (river water, marine water, and wastewater), sludge, soil, sediment, and air. Sample collection and the quality measures are summarized. The preparation of samples, including extraction and cleanup and the subsequent instrumental analysis of ECs, are all covered. Traditional and recent extraction and cleanup applications to analyze ECs in samples are reviewed here in this paper. The detection and quantification of ECs using gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) linked with various detectors, particularly mass spectrometry (MS), is also summarized and explored, as are other possible techniques. This study aims to give readers a more excellent knowledge of how new and improved approaches are being developed and serve as a resource for researchers looking for the best method for detecting ECs in their studies.
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Jinadasa B, Moreda-Piñeiro A, Fowler SW. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction in Analytical Applications for Fish and Aquatic Living Resources, a Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1967378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B.K.K.K. Jinadasa
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL), National Aquatic Resources Research & Development Agency (NARA), Colombo-15, Sri Lanka
- Le Blanc-Mesnil, France
| | - Antonio Moreda-Piñeiro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition, & Bromatology, Faculty Of Chemistry, Universidade De Santiago De Compostela. Avenida Das Ciencias, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Scott W. Fowler
- School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,New York, USA
- Institute Bobby, Cap d’Ail, France
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15
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Li C, Xue B, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhao C, Yang X, Zhao R, Dai L, Su S, Xu H, Shen Z, Qiu Z, Wang J. An Innovative Digestion Method: Ultrasound-Assisted Electrochemical Oxidation for the Onsite Extraction of Heavy Metal Elements in Dairy Farm Slurry. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164562. [PMID: 34443084 PMCID: PMC8400106 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dairy farm slurry is an important biomass resource that can be used as a fertilizer and in energy utilization and chemical production. This study aimed to establish an innovative ultrasound-assisted electrochemical oxidation (UAEO) digestion method for the rapid and onsite analysis of the heavy metal (HM) contamination level of dairy slurry. The effects of UAEO operating parameters on digestion efficiency were tested based on Cu and Zn concentrations in a dairy slurry sample. The results showed that Cu and Zn digestion efficiency was (96.8 ± 2.6) and (98.5 ± 2.9)%, respectively, with the optimal UAEO operating parameters (digestion time: 45 min; ultrasonic power: 400 W; NaCl concentration: 10 g/L). The digestion recovery rate experiments were then operated with spiked samples to verify the digestion effect on broad-spectrum HMs. When the digestion time reached 45 min, all digestion recovery rates exceeded 90%. Meanwhile, free chlorine concentration, particle size distribution, and micromorphology were investigated to demonstrate the digestion mechanism. It was found that 414 mg/L free chorine had theoretically enough oxidative ability, and the ultrasound intervention could deal with the blocky undissolved particles attributed to its crushing capacity. The results of particle size distribution showed that the total volume and bulky particle proportion had an obvious decline. The micromorphology demonstrated that the ultrasound intervention fragmented the bulky particles, and electrochemical oxidation made irregular blocky structures form arc edge and cellular structures. The aforementioned results indicated that UAEO was a novel and efficient method. It was fast and convenient. Additionally, it ensured digestion efficiency and thus had a good application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Run Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China;
| | - Lin Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;
| | - Shengqi Su
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Haoqi Xu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Q.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-22-84655052 (J.W.); Fax: +86-22-23328809 (J.W.)
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Tianjin Institude of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China; (C.L.); (B.X.); (S.W.); (X.Z.); (C.Z.); (X.Y.); (S.S.); (H.X.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (Z.Q.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-22-84655052 (J.W.); Fax: +86-22-23328809 (J.W.)
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Bakaraki Turan N, Zaman BT, Chormey DS, Onkal Engin G, Bakırdere S. Atrazine: From Detection to Remediation – A Minireview. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1937196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Bakaraki Turan
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Buse Tuğba Zaman
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Güleda Onkal Engin
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Martín-Pozo L, Gómez-Regalado MDC, Moscoso-Ruiz I, Zafra-Gómez A. Analytical methods for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and personal care products: A review. Talanta 2021; 234:122642. [PMID: 34364451 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) and cosmetics are indispensable product in our daily routine. Their widespread use makes them a potential route of exposure for certain contaminants to which human would not be normally exposed. One of these contaminants includes endocrine disrupting chemicals, molecules capable of mimicking the body's natural hormones and interfering with the endocrine system. Some of them are ingredients included in the product's formulation, such as UV-filters (sunscreens), phthalates (plasticizers and preservatives), synthetic musks (fragrances), parabens and other antimicrobial agents (antimicrobial preservatives). Others are non-intended added substances that may result from the manufacturing process or migration from the plastic packaging, as with bisphenols and perfluorinated compounds. Some of these endocrine disruptors have been restricted or even banned in cosmetics and PCPs given the high risk they pose to health. Thus, the development of fast, sensitive and precise methods for the identification and quantification of these compounds in cosmetics is a substantial need in order to ensure consumer safety and provide insight into the real risk of human exposure. The present work aims at reviewing the more recently developed analytical methods published in the literature for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals in cosmetics and PCPs using chromatographic techniques, with a focus on sample treatment and the quality of analytical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martín-Pozo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Inmaculada Moscoso-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, E-18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, E-18016, Granada, Spain.
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18
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Scaria J, Anupama KV, Nidheesh PV. Tetracyclines in the environment: An overview on the occurrence, fate, toxicity, detection, removal methods, and sludge management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145291. [PMID: 33545482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tetracyclines (TCs) are a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics having vast human, veterinary, and aquaculture applications. The continuous release of TCs residues into the environment and the inadequate removal through the conventional treatment systems result in its prevalent occurrence in soil, surface water, groundwater, and even in drinking water. As aqueous TCs contamination is the tip of the iceberg, and TCs possess good sorption capacity towards soil, sediments, sludge, and manure, it is insufficient to rely on the sorptive removal in the conventional water treatment plants. The severity of the TCs contamination is evident from the emergence of TCs resistance in a wide variety of microorganisms. This paper reviews the recent research on the TCs occurrence in the environmental matrices, fate in natural systems, toxic effects, and the removal methods. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of TCs in environmental samples and the associated technology developments are analyzed. The benefits and limitations of biochemical and physicochemical removal processes are also discussed. This work draws attention to the inevitability of proper TC sludge management. This paper also gives insight into the limitations of TCs related research and the future scope of research in environmental contamination by TCs residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Scaria
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - K V Anupama
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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Mikheev IV, Pirogova MO, Usoltseva LO, Uzhel AS, Bolotnik TA, Kareev IE, Bubnov VP, Lukonina NS, Volkov DS, Goryunkov AA, Korobov MV, Proskurnin MA. Green and rapid preparation of long-term stable aqueous dispersions of fullerenes and endohedral fullerenes: The pros and cons of an ultrasonic probe. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105533. [PMID: 33799110 PMCID: PMC8044700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A green, scalable, and sustainable approach to prepare aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) C60, C70, endohedral metallofullerene Gd@C82, and their derivatives C60Cl6, C70Cl10, and supramolecular and ester-like derivatives, 10 fullerene species total, is proposed. For the first time, an immersed ultrasonic probe was used to preparing dispersions for pristine fullerenes without addends. Both ultrasound-assisted solvent-exchange and direct sonication techniques for AFD preparation using an immersed probe were tested. The average time for AFD preparation decreases 10-15 times compared to an ultrasound-bath-assisted technique, while final fullerene concentrations in AFDs remained at tens of ppm (up to 80 ppm). The aqueous dispersions showed long-term stability, a negatively charged surface with a zeta potential up to -32 mV with an average nanocluster diameter of no more than 180 nm. The total anionic and cationic compositions of samples were found by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and chromatographic techniques. The highlights and challenges of using an ultrasound probe for AFD production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V Mikheev
- Chemistry Department Analytical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mariya O Pirogova
- Chemistry Department Analytical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liliia O Usoltseva
- Chemistry Department Physical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna S Uzhel
- Chemistry Department Analytical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Timofey A Bolotnik
- Chemistry Department Analytical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan E Kareev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Viacheslav P Bubnov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Natalia S Lukonina
- Chemistry Department Physical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Volkov
- Chemistry Department Analytical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey A Goryunkov
- Chemistry Department Physical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail V Korobov
- Chemistry Department Physical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail A Proskurnin
- Chemistry Department Analytical Chemistry Division of Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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20
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An electrochemical aptasensor of malathion based on ferrocene/DNA-hybridized MOF, DNA coupling-gold nanoparticles and competitive DNA strand reaction. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Gai QY, Jiao J, Wang X, Fu YJ, Lu Y, Liu J, Wang ZY, Xu XJ. Simultaneous quantification of eleven bioactive phenolic compounds in pigeon pea natural resources and in vitro cultures by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS). Food Chem 2021; 335:127602. [PMID: 32739807 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive phenolics primarily contribute to versatile health benefits of pigeon pea. For the first time, an UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitative analysis of eleven bioactive phenolic compounds in pigeon pea natural resources (seeds, leaves, and roots) and in vitro cultures (calli and hairy roots). The proposed method could be achieved within 6 min of running time, and displayed the satisfactory linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, and stability. According to analytical results, the distribution of eleven target compounds in different organs of pigeon pea was clarified. Also, it was surprisingly found that pigeon pea in vitro cultures exhibited superiority in contents of genistin and cajaninstilbene acid as compared with natural resources. Overall, the present work provided a rapid and sensitive analysis approach, which could be useful not only for quality control of pigeon pea natural resources, but also for applicability and safety evaluation of pigeon pea in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
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Carretero-Peña S, Palomo-Marín MR, Calvo-Blázquez L, Pinilla-Gil E. Optimization and validation test of a sonoreactor-assisted methodology for fast and miniaturized extraction of trace elements from soils. Talanta 2021; 221:121440. [PMID: 33076066 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We have proven the overall applicability of the novel sonoreactor VialTweeter as a tool for a fast, miniaturized and economical extraction of trace elements, namely Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, from soil samples, followed by ICP-MS. The proposed analytical approach applicable in the context of environmental monitoring of elemental soil pollutants, since the selected analytes are relevant pollutants whose presence in soils produces significant effects on their quality affecting animals, plants and humans. The optimum conditions for the extraction of trace metals assisted by the sonoreactor, selected by a Box-Behnken (BBD) experiment design along combined with a response surface methodology were 93% sonication amplitude, 450 s sonication time, 80% HNO3 and a solvent/sample ratio of 0.18 mL/mg. The proposed sonoreactor-assisted extraction methodology provides several advantages of respect to the standard acid digestion taken as comparison term for validation, including a shorter pretreatment time and use of less sample and reagents amounts. However, mixed validation results against the standard acid digestion (taken as a model providing accurate results) were obtained depending on the analyte, with the best results in the case of cadmium that could be measured after US extraction without systematic error respect to the standard acid digestion. Copper and lead can be determined by the proposed US extraction plus ICP-MS only after applying a correction factor based on the slope of the correlation with the standard acid digestion. US treatment for As determination can be only useable by applying a constant correction factor based on the intercept of the correlation line, whereas Zn determination requires a correction based both in the slope and intercept of the correlation line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Carretero-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and IACYS, University of Extremadura, Av. De Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M R Palomo-Marín
- Consorcio Gestión Medioambiental Promedio, Diputación de Badajoz, Av. De Pardaleras, 64, 06003, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Calvo-Blázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and IACYS, University of Extremadura, Av. De Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pinilla-Gil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and IACYS, University of Extremadura, Av. De Elvas, s/n, 06006, Badajoz, Spain.
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Hejji L, Azzouz A, Colón LP, Souhail B, Ballesteros E. A multi-residue method for determining twenty-four endocrine disrupting chemicals in vegetables and fruits using ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction and continuous solid-phase extraction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128158. [PMID: 33297136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an analytical approach using an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by continuous solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection in order to determine simultaneously 24 endocrine disrupting chemicals such as alkylphenols, organophosphorus pesticides, parabens, phenylphenols, triclosan and bisphenol A in vegetable and fruit samples. Different variables influencing UAE and SPE performance were optimized in order to maximize removal of the sample matrix and preconcentration of the analytes. The optimized extraction and GC-MS quantitation conditions provided acceptable sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and precision. Limits of detection spanned the range 0.6-25 ng kg-1, recoveries were near-quantitative and relative standard deviations ranged from 4.5 to 7.6%. The proposed method was used to analyse 11 vegetable samples and 7 fruit samples purchased at various Spanish and Moroccan supermarkets. Most samples contained more than three of the analytes, at levels between 5.8 and 580 ng kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Hejji
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Abdelmonaim Azzouz
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Laura Palacios Colón
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain
| | - Badredine Souhail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, B.P. 2121, M'Hannech II, 93002, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Evaristo Ballesteros
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, E.P.S. of Linares, University of Jaén, E-23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
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Abstract
With change in global concern toward food quality over food quantity, consumer concern and choice of healthy food has become a matter of prime importance. It gave rise to concept of “personalized or precision nutrition”. The theory behind personalization of nutrition is supported by multiple factors including advances in food analytics, nutrition based diseases and public health programs, increasing use of information technology in nutrition science, concept of gene-diet interaction and growing consumer capacity or concern by better and healthy foods. The advances in “omics” tools and related analytical techniques have resulted into tremendous scope of their application in nutrition science. As a consequence, a better understanding of underlying interaction between diet and individual is expected with addressing of key challenges for successful implementation of this science. In this chapter, the above aspects are discussed to get an insight into driving factors for increasing concern in personalized nutrition.
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Câmara JS, Albuquerque BR, Aguiar J, Corrêa RCG, Gonçalves JL, Granato D, Pereira JAM, Barros L, Ferreira ICFR. Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010037. [PMID: 33374463 PMCID: PMC7823739 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that food bioactive compounds (FBCs) have a positive biological impact on human health, exerting protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCD) including cancer and cardiovascular (CVDs), metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). These benefits have been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, and fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and deep insights into the potential of polyphenols, from their chemical structure classification and biosynthesis to preventive effects on NCDs, namely cancer, CVDs, and NDDS. The challenge of polyphenols bioavailability and bioaccessibility will be explored in addition to useful industrial and environmental applications. Advanced and emerging extraction techniques will be highlighted and the high-resolution analytical techniques used for FBCs characterization, identification, and quantification will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (J.A.M.P.)
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia da Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (L.B.); Tel.: +351-29170-5112 (J.S.C.); +351-2-7333-0901 (L.B.)
| | - Bianca R. Albuquerque
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (B.R.A.); (R.C.G.C.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- REQUIMTE—Science Chemical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joselin Aguiar
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - Rúbia C. G. Corrêa
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (B.R.A.); (R.C.G.C.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Program of Master in Clean Technologies, Cesumar Institute of Science Technology and Innovation (ICETI), Cesumar University—UniCesumar, Parana 87050-390, Brazil
| | - João L. Gonçalves
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - Daniel Granato
- Food Processing and Quality, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (J.A.M.P.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (B.R.A.); (R.C.G.C.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.C.); (L.B.); Tel.: +351-29170-5112 (J.S.C.); +351-2-7333-0901 (L.B.)
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (B.R.A.); (R.C.G.C.); (I.C.F.R.F.)
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He NX, Bayen S. An overview of chemical contaminants and other undesirable chemicals in alcoholic beverages and strategies for analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3916-3950. [PMID: 33337040 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of chemical contaminant in alcoholic beverages is a widespread and notable problem with potential implications for human health. With the complexity and wide variation in the raw materials, production processes, and contact materials involved, there are a multitude of opportunities for a diverse host of undesirable compounds to make their way into the final product-some of which may currently remain unidentified and undetected. This review provides an overview of the notable contaminants (including pesticides, environmental contaminants, mycotoxins, process-induced contaminants, residues of food contact material [FCM], and illegal additives) that have been detected in alcoholic products thus far based on prior reviews and findings in the literature, and will additionally consider the potential sources for contamination, and finally discuss and identify gaps in current analytical strategies. The findings of this review highlight a need for further investigation into unwanted substances in alcoholic beverages, particularly concerning chemical migrants from FCMs, as well as a need for comprehensive nontargeted analytical techniques capable of determining unanticipated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Xiaohe He
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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Gai QY, Jiao J, Wang X, Liu J, Fu YJ, Lu Y, Wang ZY, Xu XJ. Simultaneous determination of taxoids and flavonoids in twigs and leaves of three Taxus species by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113456. [PMID: 32653816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Taxus species are highly concerned due to the presence of anticancer taxoids (especially paclitaxel) and health beneficial flavonoids. For the first time, an UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven taxoids and seven flavonoids in twigs and leaves of three Taxus species. The satisfactory separation of fourteen target compounds was achieved within 5 min of running time on an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm I.D., 1.8 μm) using an acetonitrile-water gradient elution program. Mass transitions of all analytes in selected reaction monitoring acquisition mode were systematically optimized for obtaining the highest signal intensities. Regression equations of all analytes exhibited excellent linearities with coefficients higher than 0.9990, and the lowest limits of quantification of all analytes ranged from 0.01 to 1.66 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day precisions (relative standard deviations) of all analytes were less than 4.17% for retention time and less than 7.42% for peak area, and the spiking standard recoveries of all analytes ranged from 96.85%-104.77%. By the aid of the proposed method, the distribution of fourteen target compounds in twigs and leaves of Taxus chinensis, Taxus cuspidata, and Taxus media was clearly figured out. Overall, the present work provided a rapid and valid UHPLC-MS/MS approach, which could not only be useful for quality control and applicability assessment of twigs and leaves of the three Taxus species in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, but also offer a good reference for the systematic analysis of taxoids and flavonoids in other Taxus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yan Gai
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
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Bozal-Palabiyik B, Erkmen C, Uslu B. Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensors: Analytical and Pharmaceutical Applications Based on Ortho-Phenylenediamine Polymerization. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190304150159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The molecular imprinting technique has been applied in many fields including
separation, artificial antibody mimics, catalysis, sensing studies, and drug delivery. The reasons for the
popularity of this technique among the researchers are high selectivity due to the cavities that are
formed on the polymer surface for the specific analyte, high robustness, high durability under extreme
conditions and low cost. When these advantages are combined with the advantages of electrochemical
methods such as rapid response time, ease of use, cheapness and miniaturizability, Molecularly Imprinted
Polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensors turn out to be a widely-preferred sensing tool.
Objective:
This article provides the reader with information on MIP-based electrochemical sensors and
reviews the applications of the MIP sensors prepared by electropolymerization of orthophenylenediamine,
a monomer whose mechanical and chemical stability is very high.
Results and Conclusion:
The literature survey summarized in this review shows that cyclic voltammetry
is the most widely preferred electrochemical technique for electropolymerization of o-PD. The media
chosen is generally acetate or phosphate buffers with different pH values. Although there are numerous
solvents used for template removal, generally methanol and NaOH have been chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Bozal-Palabiyik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Erkmen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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Dorosh O, Moreira MM, Rodrigues F, Peixoto AF, Freire C, Morais S, Delerue-Matos C. Vine-Canes Valorisation: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction from Lab to Pilot Scale. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071739. [PMID: 32290053 PMCID: PMC7181219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine production generates large amounts of vine-canes, a devalued by-product that could be used for the recovery of bioactive compounds. In this work, two vine-canes varieties, namely Touriga Nacional (TN) and Tinta Roriz (TR), were submitted to different ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions. The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was observed for TR extract obtained at lab-scale without an ice bath and pilot-scale after 60 min of extraction (32.6 ± 2.1 and 26.0 ± 1.5 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (dw) and 9.5 ± 0.6 and 8.3 ± 0.8 mg epicatechin equivalents/g dw, respectively). Further, all extracts demonstrated a high antioxidant activity to scavenge DPPH free radicals with the best value reached by TR at the lab-scale without an ice bath after 30 min and pilot-scale extraction after 60 min (34.2 ± 2.4 and 33.4 ± 2.1 mg trolox equivalents/g dw, respectively). Extracts phenolic composition were also evaluated by HPLC, demonstrating that resveratrol, myricetin and catechin were the main compounds. According to our knowledge, this is the first time that a pilot scale of UAE of phenolic compounds from vine-canes was performed. This paper represents an important step to the use of UAE as an industrial process to recover bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Dorosh
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (O.D.); (F.R.); (S.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Manuela M. Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (O.D.); (F.R.); (S.M.); (C.D.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-228340500
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (O.D.); (F.R.); (S.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Andreia F. Peixoto
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento. de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Freire
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento. de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.F.P.); (C.F.)
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (O.D.); (F.R.); (S.M.); (C.D.-M.)
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; (O.D.); (F.R.); (S.M.); (C.D.-M.)
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da Silva Medeiros DCC, Piechontcoski F, da Rocha Watanabe ERL, Chaves ES, Inglez SD. Fast and effective simultaneous determination of metals in soil samples by ultrasound-assisted extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry: assessment of trace elements contamination in agricultural and native forest soils from Paraná - Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:111. [PMID: 31938942 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a simple and effective method for determination of Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in soil samples, associating ultrasound-assisted extraction and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions were optimized using a central composite design. This method required small volumes of HCl, HNO3, and HF as an extraction solvent blend to ensure effective analyte extraction. Limits of detection and quantification were determined to assess the minimum accurate concentration of the studied elements that can be detected and quantified in a soil sample. Therefore, the ultrasound-assisted extraction was concluded as a simple and straightforward pretreatment technique to determine Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations in soil samples. Eight sites of agricultural and native forest areas of the city of Ponta Grossa and Guarapuava, State of Paraná, Brazil, were evaluated for metals, and compared with the reference values for trace elements provided by the Brazilian National Environment Council. Environmental assessment of soils from those eight sites was accomplished through Igeo, EF, CF, and PLI parameters, which aimed at the evaluation of agricultural sites in comparison with adjacent natural forest sites with no history of anthropogenic mobilization to determine the degree of the contribution of anthropogenic sources to metal concentrations. According to the Igeo, EF, and CF parameters, all sites were classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted and none or minor enrichment due to anthropogenic activities were noticed. PLI parameter evaluated the concentration of all studied metals in soils to stipulate an order of contamination, which was concluded as site 8 <site 4 <site 3 <site 7 <site 2 <site 6 <site 1 <site 5 for the sites under study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Piechontcoski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Ponta Grossa, PR, 84016-210, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Sidinei Chaves
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Simone Delezuk Inglez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Ponta Grossa, PR, 84016-210, Brazil
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Guo W, Pan B, Sakkiah S, Yavas G, Ge W, Zou W, Tong W, Hong H. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Food: Contamination Sources, Health Effects and Detection Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4361. [PMID: 31717330 PMCID: PMC6888492 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) present in foods have been a major concern for food safety due to their persistence and toxic effects. To ensure food safety and protect human health from POPs, it is critical to achieve a better understanding of POP pathways into food and develop strategies to reduce human exposure. POPs could present in food in the raw stages, transferred from the environment or artificially introduced during food preparation steps. Exposure to these pollutants may cause various health problems such as endocrine disruption, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, birth defects, and dysfunctional immune and reproductive systems. This review describes potential sources of POP food contamination, analytical approaches to measure POP levels in food and efforts to control food contamination with POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huixiao Hong
- U.S. Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; (W.G.); (B.P.); (S.S.); (G.Y.); (W.G.); (W.Z.); (W.T.)
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Cárdenas-Soracá DM, Tucca FI, Mardones-Peña CA, Barra-Ríos RO. Development of an analytical methodology for the determination of organochlorine pesticides by ethylene-vinyl acetate passive samplers in marine surface waters based on ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction followed with headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1605:360341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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dos Santos JM, de Andrade JK, Galvão F, Felsner ML. Optimization and validation of ultrasound-assisted extraction for the determination of micro and macro minerals in non-centrifugal sugar by F AAS. Food Chem 2019; 292:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tan T, Xu X, Wan Y. DES-Fe3O4 composite for rapid extraction of residual plant growth regulators in edible vegetable oil. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Multivariate Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Procedure for the Determination of Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, and Zn in Pepper Samples by ICP OES. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Fast Sequential Determination of Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in Infant Formulas by High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Martín-Pozo L, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Rodríguez-Gómez R, García-Córcoles MT, Çipa M, Zafra-Gómez A. Analytical methods for the determination of emerging contaminants in sewage sludge samples. A review. Talanta 2019; 192:508-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Popiolski A, Dallago RM, Steffens J, Mignoni ML, Venquiaruto LD, Santos D, Duarte FA. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cr from Residual Tannery Leather: Feasibility of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid as the Extraction Solution. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16074-16080. [PMID: 31458245 PMCID: PMC6643683 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the use of ultrasound energy for chromium removal from residual tannery leather was investigated. The following parameters were evaluated: complexation temperature (60-90 °C), chromium/complexant molar ratio (1:0 to 1:6), complexation time (30-120 min), washing steps (1-14), washing temperature (25-80 °C), and washing time (1-10 min). For all evaluated conditions, chromium removal was monitored by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The residual tannery leather after different extraction strategies were characterized using a scanning electron microscopy. For the proposed method, the optimized conditions were: 3 g of residual tannery leather to be treated, 100 mL of extraction solution (chromium/complexant molar ratio of 1:3), at 80 °C and 30 min of sonication. To complete the chromium removal, only five washing cycles (50 mL of water at 50 °C) of 3 min were required. Using these conditions, a chromium removal higher than 98% was achieved. Under the same reaction conditions, the results were compared with mechanical stirring (100 rpm), which allowed observing the significant effects of ultrasound for chromium removal. Comparing to the conventional method, the total time of the process (including extraction and washing steps) was decreased from 150 to 45 min and the water volume for the washing was reduced from 450 to 250 mL. Therefore, the proposed ultrasound-assisted process can be considered as a suitable alternative for chromium removal from residual tannery leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana
S. Popiolski
- Departamento
de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade
Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 99700-000 Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogerio M. Dallago
- Departamento
de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade
Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 99700-000 Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Steffens
- Departamento
de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade
Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 99700-000 Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L. Mignoni
- Departamento
de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade
Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 99700-000 Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana D. Venquiaruto
- Departamento
de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade
Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, 99700-000 Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Duarte
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio
Grande do Sul, Brazil
- E-mail: . Phone: +55 55 32209445 (F.A.D.)
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Qin SB, Fan YH, Mou XX, Li XS, Qi SH. Preparation of phenyl-modified magnetic silica as a selective magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1568:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen Y, Zhang J, Li Q, Wu J, Sun F, Liu Z, Zhao C, Liang S. Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Acanthopanax giraldii. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:785-793. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Fengxiang Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University
| | - Shujuan Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University
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Zhong M, Wang YH, Wang L, Long RQ, Chen CL. Preparation and application of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the isolation of chelerythrine from Macleaya cordata. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3318-3327. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Rui-Qing Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan Institute of Science and Technology; Yueyang Hunan P. R. China
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo P. R. China
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Lin KH, Lai N, Zeng JY, Chiang HL. Residue characteristics of sludge from a chemical industrial plant by microwave heating pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6487-6496. [PMID: 29250732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sludge from biological wastewater treatment procedures was treated using microwave heating pyrolysis to reduce the environmental impact of a chemical plant. In this study, major elements, trace elements, PAHs and nitro-PAHs in raw sludge, and pyrolysis residues were investigated. The contents of major element from raw sludge were carbon 46.7 ± 5.9%, hydrogen 5.80 ± 0.58%, nitrogen 6.81 ± 0.59%, and sulfur 1.34 ± 0.27%. Trace elemental concentrations including Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd, As, and Sn were 0.410 ± 0.050, 0.338 ± 0.008, 0.063 ± 0.006, 0.019 ± 0.001, 0.004 ± 0.001, and 0.003 ± 0.002 mg/g, respectively. For various pyrolysis temperatures, Ca, Fe, Sr, Cr, and Sn contents remained at almost the same level as those in raw sludge. Results indicated that these elements did not easily volatilize. The content of 16 PAH species was about 4.78 μg/g in the raw sludge and 23-65 μg/g for pyrolysis residues associated with various temperatures. The content of ten nitro-PAHs was about 58 ng/g for the raw sludge and 141-744 ng/g for pyrolysis residues. The total nitro-PAH content was highest at 600 °C and then decreased when the temperature was over 600 °C. Total nitro-PAH content was about 247 ng/g at 800 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nina Lai
- Instrument Department Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yan Zeng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Chiang
- Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Zhang H, Jiang L, Zhou X, Zeng T, He Z, Huang X, Chen J, Song S. Determination of hexachlorobutadiene, pentachlorobenzene, and hexachlorobenzene in waste incineration fly ash using ultrasonic extraction followed by column cleanup and GC-MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:1893-1902. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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45
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de Andrade CK, de Brito PMK, dos Anjos VE, Quináia SP. Determination of Cu, Cd, Pb and Cr in yogurt by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry: A case study for Brazilian yogurt. Food Chem 2018; 240:268-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Samsidar A, Siddiquee S, Shaarani SM. A review of extraction, analytical and advanced methods for determination of pesticides in environment and foodstuffs. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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47
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Ghiasvand AR, Nouriasl K, Yazdankhah F. Comparison of the atmospheric- and reduced-pressure HS-SPME strategies for analysis of residual solvents in commercial antibiotics using a steel fiber coated with a multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyaniline nanocomposite. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:361-371. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0726-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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48
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Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Chloramphenicol in Chicken Meat. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Determination of HMF in Vinegar and Soy Sauce Using Two-Step Ultrasonic Assisted Liquid–Liquid Micro-Extraction Coupled with Capillary Electrophoresis-Ultraviolet Detection. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-1018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Simultaneous determination of pyrethroids and pyrethrins by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:4787-4799. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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