1
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Zhao L, Zheng L. A Review on Bioactive Anthraquinone and Derivatives as the Regulators for ROS. Molecules 2023; 28:8139. [PMID: 38138627 PMCID: PMC10745977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are bioactive natural products, which are often found in medicinal herbs. These compounds exert antioxidant-related pharmacological actions including neuroprotective effects, anti-inflammation, anticancer, hepatoprotective effects and anti-aging, etc. Considering the benefits from their pharmacological use, recently, there was an upsurge in the development and utilization of anthraquinones as reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulators. In this review, a deep discussion was carried out on their antioxidant activities and the structure-activity relationships. The antioxidant mechanisms and the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of both natural and synthesized compounds were furtherly explored and demonstrated. Due to the specific chemical activity of ROS, antioxidants are essential for human health. Therefore, the development of reagents that regulate the imbalance between ROS formation and elimination should be more extensive and rational, and the exploration of antioxidant mechanisms of anthraquinones may provide new therapeutic tools and ideas for various diseases mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin 301636, China;
| | - Lin Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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2
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Li X, Shen W, Li G, Song Y, Lu X, Wong NK, Yan Y. Alternaphenol B2, a new IDH1 inhibitor from the coral-derived fungus Parengyodontium album SCSIO SX7W11. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37850447 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2269462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
A new aromatic polyketide, alternaphenol B2 (1), and four known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the coral-derived fungus Parengyodontium album SCSIO SX7W11. Their structures were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and comparison with reported literatures. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited selective inhibitory activity against isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant R132H (IDH1m), with IC50 values of 41.9 and 27.7 μM, respectively. Our findings thus provide a fresh incentive for investigation on IDH1m inhibitors as lead compounds for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Shen
- New Drug Research and Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Guochao Li
- New Drug Research and Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yongxiang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- New Drug Research and Development Center of North China Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, National Microbial Medicine Engineering and Research Center, Hebei Industry Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Technology Research Center, Key Laboratory for New Drug Screening Technology of Shijiazhuang City, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangzhou, China
- College of Oceanology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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3
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Mei Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Tong X, Liu W, Chen X, Cao L, Wang Z, Xiao W. Screening and characterization of xenobiotics in rat bio-samples after oral administration of Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with a targeted and non-targeted strategy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115286. [PMID: 36804290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Shen-Wu-Yi-Shen tablet (SWYST), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP), has been effectively used for treating chronic kidney disease (CKD) in clinically. However, an in-depth study of in vivo metabolism of SWYST is lacking. In this study, a targeted and non-targeted strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was developed to screen and characterize SWYST-related xenobiotics in rats. Based on the in-house library, a chemical database of SWYST including 215 constituents was constructed through "find by formula" and further verified by characteristic fragmentations or the literatures. Then the constructed chemical database was applied for the targeted screening of prototypes. As for metabolites, the non-targeted screening was achieved combined the peak picking using the function "find by auto-MS/MS" and peak filtration of the prototypes and endogenous components, while the targeted screening was performed using Metabolite ID according to the possible metabolic reactions. Furthermore, the potential metabolites were preliminarily identified by comparison of the parent compounds or references to the literatures. As a result, 201 exogenous components (87 prototypes and 121 metabolites) were characterized in rats after administration of SWYST, including 55 (17 prototypes and 38 metabolites) in plasma, 151 (52 prototypes and 99 metabolites) in urine, and 121 (74 prototypes and 47 metabolites) in feces. Finally, their possible metabolic pathways were summarized, and the metabolic reactions mainly involved phase I reactions (hydroxylation, deoxygenation, hydrogenation, methylation, oxidation, hydrolysis and esterification) and phase II reactions (glucuronidation and sulfation). The findings of this research reveal the potential active ingredients of SWYST, providing an important material basis for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SWYST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueni Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Xialin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China; Local Joint Engineering Research Center on the Intelligent Manufacturing of TCM, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222047, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Xie Z, Li Y, Liu Z, Zeng M, Moore JC, Gao B, Wu X, Sun J, Wang TTY, Pehrsson P, He X, Yu LL. Bioactive Compositions of Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) Extracts and Their Capacities in Suppressing SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding to ACE2, Inhibiting ACE2, and Scavenging Free Radicals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4890-4900. [PMID: 36940448 PMCID: PMC10041354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) bark and its extracts are popular ingredients added to food and supplement products. It has various health effects, including potentially reducing the risk of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). In our study, the bioactives in cinnamon water and ethanol extracts were chemically identified, and their potential in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding, reducing ACE2 availability, and scavenging free radicals was investigated. Twenty-seven and twenty-three compounds were tentatively identified in cinnamon water and ethanol extracts, respectively. Seven compounds, including saccharumoside C, two emodin-glucuronide isomers, two physcion-glucuronide isomers, and two type-A proanthocyanidin hexamers, were first reported in cinnamon. Cinnamon water and ethanol extracts suppressed the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to ACE2 and inhibited ACE2 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Cinnamon ethanol extract had total phenolic content of 36.67 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and free radical scavenging activities against HO• and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS•+) of 1688.85 and 882.88 μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, which were significantly higher than those of the water extract at 24.12 mg GAE/g and 583.12 and 210.36 μmol TE/g. The free radical scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) of cinnamon ethanol extract was lower than that of the water extract. The present study provides new evidence that cinnamon reduces the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohong Xie
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Melody Zeng
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Moore
- Moore
FoodTech, LLC, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute
of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xianli Wu
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Thomas T. Y. Wang
- Diet,
Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research
Center, Agricultural Research Service, United
States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Pamela Pehrsson
- Methods
and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Xiaohua He
- Western Regional
Research Center, Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, United States
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department
of Nutrition and Food Science, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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5
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Yisimayili Z, Chao Z. A review on phytochemicals, metabolic profiles and pharmacokinetics studies of the different parts (juice, seeds, peel, flowers, leaves and bark) of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Food Chem 2022; 395:133600. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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6
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Chen J, Jiang X, Zhu C, Yang L, Liu M, Zhu M, Wu C. Exploration of Q-Marker of Rhubarb Based on Intelligent Data Processing Techniques and the AUC Pooled Method. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865066. [PMID: 35387347 PMCID: PMC8979112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb, as a traditional Chinese medicine, has several positive therapeutic effects, such as purging and attacking accumulation, clearing heat and purging fire, cooling blood, and detoxification. Recently, Rhubarb has been used in prescriptions for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, with good efficacy. However, the exploration of effective quantitative approach to ensure the consistency of rhubarb’s therapeutic efficacy remains a challenge. In this case, this study aims to use non-targeted and targeted data mining technologies for its exploration and has comprehensively identified 72 rhubarb-related components in human plasma for the first time. In details, the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC)-pooled method was used to quickly screen the components with high exposure, and the main components were analyzed using Pearson correlation and other statistical analyses. Interestingly, the prototype component (rhein) with high exposure could be selected out as a Q-marker, which could also reflect the metabolic status changes of rhubarb anthraquinone in human. Furthermore, after comparing the metabolism of different species, mice were selected as model animals to verify the pharmacodynamics of rhein. The in vivo experimental results showed that rhein has a positive therapeutic effect on pneumonia, significantly reducing the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β] and improving lung disease. In short, based on the perspective of human exposure, this study comprehensively used intelligent data post-processing technologies and the AUC-pooled method to establish that rhein can be chosen as a Q-marker for rhubarb, whose content needs to be monitored individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaojuan Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Minting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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7
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HRPIF data mining based on data-dependent/independent acquisition for Rhei Radix et Rhizoma metabolite screening in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1190:123095. [PMID: 35032891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), components with identical nuclei often share structural similarity, indicating the possibility of similar second-level mass spectrometry (MS/MS) fragments. High-resolution product-ion filter (HRPIF) technique can be utilized to identify metabolites, with similar fragments, in vivo. In principle, this technique applies to TCM; however, its application has been restricted due to the limitations of traditional MS/MS data acquisition. Therefore, a novel analysis strategy, based on data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) datasets, has been developed for the determination of template product ions and efficient non-targeted identification of TCM-related components in vivo by HRPIF and background subtraction (BS). This DDA-DIA combination strategy, taking Rhei Radix et Rhizoma as a test case, identified 71 anthraquinone prototype components in vitro (36 of which were discovered for the first time), and 45 related components in vivo, confirming glucuronidation and sulfation as the main reactions. The developed strategy could rapidly identify TCM-related components in vivo with high sensitivity, indicating the immense importance of this novel HRPIF data mining technology in TCM analysis.
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Zhou P, Zhang J, Xu Y, Zhang P, Xiao Y, Liu Y. Simultaneous quantification of anthraquinone glycosides, aglycones, and glucuronic acid metabolites in rat plasma and tissues after oral administration of raw and steamed rhubarb in blood stasis rats by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:529-541. [PMID: 34784448 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhubarb is a widely used herbal medicine. To achieve different effects, rhubarb is usually steamed with rice wine (steamed rhubarb). This steaming treatment increases the blood-activating and stasis-removing effects of rhubarb. A specific and accurate ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was established for simultaneous determination of anthraquinone glycosides, aglycones, and glucuronic acid metabolites in plasma and tissues after administration of raw rhubarb and steamed rhubarb in blood stasis rats. Chromatographic separation was performed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP 18 column using the mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile both containing 0.1% formic acid. Satisfactory linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery, and matrix effect have been achieved. From pharmacokinetic study, it showed that glucuronic acid metabolites were found abundantly in plasma as bioactive components. The lower area under concentration-time curve, maximum concentration, and higher apparent volume of distribution (P < 0.01), body clearance (P < 0.01) values in steamed rhubarb showed that most components of steamed rhubarb have lower bioavailability in plasma compared with raw rhubarb. But it found these components were mainly distributed in spleen and liver with large blood flow and perfusion rates. The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution studies of anthraquinone components will provide helpful information for clinical application of steamed rhubarb and raw rhubarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yudi Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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9
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Łuczykowski K, Warmuzińska N, Bojko B. Current approaches to the analysis of bile and the determination of bile acids in various biological matrices as supportive tools to traditional diagnostic testing for liver dysfunction and biliary diseases. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Yang J, Wang S, Zhang T, Sun Y, Han L, Banahene PO, Wang Q. Predicting the potential toxicity of 26 components in Cassiae semen using in silico and in vitro approaches. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:237-245. [PMID: 34345866 PMCID: PMC8320615 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of in silico and in vitro methods was applied. The potential toxicity of 26 components isolated from Cassiae semen is predicted. Six compounds were predicted toxic to liver & ten compounds toxic to kidney. Special anthraquinones and anthraquinone-glucosides are potential toxicants. Specific group of anthraquinones influences hepatic or renal cytotoxicity.
Cassiae semen are dried and ripe seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. or Cassia tora L. (Fabaceae) and have been made into roasted tea or used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. However, it was reported to result in liver and renal toxicity. The components of Cassiae semen that induce hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity remain unknown. In the present study, we evaluate the potential toxicity of 26 newly isolated compounds from Cassiae semen using quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) methods and co-culture of hepatic and renal cell approaches, and we aim to illustrate the relationship between the structural characteristics and cytotoxicity by general linear models (GLMs). Both the QSAR models and co-culture of hepatic and renal cell systems predicted that 6 compounds were potentially hepatotoxic, 10 compounds were potentially nephrotoxic, and specific anthraquinones and anthraquinone-glucosides were potential toxicants in Cassiae semen. Specific groups such as –OH and –OCH3 at the R1, R2, R3, and R7 positions influenced the cytotoxicity.
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Key Words
- AQ, Anthraquinone
- Anthraquinone
- C. semen, Cassiae semen
- CYP, Cytochrome P450
- Cassiae semen
- GLM, General linear models
- IdMOC system
- IdMOC, Integrated discrete multiple organ co-culture
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- QSAR models
- QSAR, Quantitative structure-activity relationship
- TCM, Traditional Chinese medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Prince Osei Banahene
- Iqvia-west Africa, c/o Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for Compatibility Toxicology, Beijing 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, China
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11
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Wang D, Wang XH, Yu X, Cao F, Cai X, Chen P, Li M, Feng Y, Li H, Wang X. Pharmacokinetics of Anthraquinones from Medicinal Plants. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638993. [PMID: 33935728 PMCID: PMC8082241 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are bioactive natural products, some of which are active components in medicinal medicines, especially Chinese medicines. These compounds exert actions including purgation, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation, antihyperlipidemia, and anticancer effects. This study aimed to review the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of anthraquinones, which are importantly associated with their pharmacological and toxicological effects. Anthraquinones are absorbed mainly in intestines. The absorption rates of free anthraquinones are faster than those of their conjugated glycosides because of the higher liposolubility. A fluctuation in blood concentration and two absorption peaks of anthraquinones may result from the hepato-intestinal circulation, reabsorption, and transformation. Anthraquinones are widely distributed throughout the body, mainly in blood-flow rich organs and tissues, such as blood, intestines, stomach, liver, lung, kidney, and fat. The metabolic pathways of anthraquinones are hydrolysis, glycuronidation, sulfation, methylation/demethylation, hydroxylation/dehydroxylation, oxidation/reduction (hydrogenation), acetylation and esterification by intestinal flora and liver metabolic enzymes, among which hydrolysis, glycuronidation and sulfation are dominant. Of note, anthraquinones can be transformed into each other. The main excretion routes for anthraquinones are the kidney, recta, and gallbladder. Conclusion: Some anthraquinones and their glycosides, such as aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, physcion, rhein and sennosides, have attracted the most PK research interest due to their more biological activities and/or detectability. Anthraquinones are mainly absorbed in the intestines and are mostly distributed in blood flow-rich tissues and organs. Transformation into another anthraquinone may increase the blood concentration of the latter, leading to an increased pharmacological and/or toxicological effect. Drug-drug interactions influencing PK may provide insights into drug compatibility theory to enhance or reduce pharmacological/toxicological effects in Chinese medicine formulae and deserve deep investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongpeng Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xian-He Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiongjie Yu
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Fengjun Cao
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Minglun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Niu C, Ye W, Cui X, Sun J, Xiao S, Chen G, Bao S, Chen R. UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of aloin-A in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 178:112928. [PMID: 31708267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aloin-A (also known as barbaloin), the main bioactive anthraquinone-C-glycoside of Aloe species, exhibits various beneficial pharmacological effects. However, the determination and pharmacokinetic study of aloin-A in rat plasma need to be improved and systematically demonstrated. In the present study, a simple, robust and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for rapid quantification of aloin-A in rat plasma was developed. Plasma preparation was conducted by a single step protein precipitation with obtusin serving as an internal standards (IS) followed by separation of the analytes using an Agilent C18 column with a gradient mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and formic acid aqueous solution. Negative ion electrospray was used and multiple reaction monitoring transitions were m/z 417.1 → 297.0 for aloin-A and m/z 343.1 → 328.1 for IS, respectively. The developed method was validated with linear range of 1-1000 ng/mL. All validation parameters were well within the acceptance criteria based on the guidance of FDA. The validated approach was successfully applied to analyze samples from a pharmacokinetic study in healthy rats following intravenous and oral administration. Aloin-A was found to be quickly absorbed, extensively distributed and rapidly eliminated. The absolute bioavailability of aloin-A was 5.79%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Weijian Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shuyi Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Shihui Bao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Ruijie Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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13
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Wang Q, Luo G, Gao X. An integrated strategy based on characteristic fragment filter supplemented by multivariate statistical analysis in multi-stage mass spectrometry chromatograms for the large-scale detection and identification of natural plant-derived components in rat: The rhubarb case. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:89-103. [PMID: 31158610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An integrated strategy based on characteristic fragment filter (CFF) supplemented by multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) for MSn chromatograms [(CFF)s MSA] was proposed for the large-scale detection of natural plant-derived ingredients in vivo. To prove the practicability of this [(CFF)s MSA] strategy, rhubarb was taken as an example. First, representative authentic standards of homologous components contained in rhubarb were chosen, from which the fragmentation rules and chemical characteristic fragments (CCFs) were proposed. Second, the metabolic pathways of the representative compounds were deciphered, and the metabolic characteristic fragments (MCFs) of each family of compounds were acquired. Third, combined with CCFs and MCFs, a CFF method was established. Finally, MSA was used to supplement the xenobiotics missed by the CFF method. In our research, 274 compounds were detected in rhubarb, and 298 ingredients were identified in vivo after oral administration. The results demonstrated that this integrated strategy could comprehensively screen for plant-derived compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Gan Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
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14
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Pharmacokinetic comparisons of major bioactive components after oral administration of raw and steamed rhubarb by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Chemical profiles and metabolite study of raw and processed Polygoni Multiflori Radix in rats by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS n spectrometry. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:375-400. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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16
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Dai H, Chen Z, Shang B, Chen Q. Identification and Quantification of Four Anthraquinones in Rhubarb and its Preparations by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:195-201. [PMID: 29206919 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was developed for the determination of four anthraquinones found in rhubarb. Chrysophanol, physcion, aloe-emodin and emodin were confirmed by GC-MS and the possible main cleavage pathways of fragment ions are discussed in this study. Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb which required an effective evaluation method to quantitate the four major active anthraquinone compounds described. The determinations of analytes were accomplished by GC-MS using osthole as an internal standard. MS detection was performed in selected ion monitoring mode to increase the sensitivity. The method was evaluated by a number of validation characteristics (precision, limit of detection, calibration range and recovery). The calibration ranges were all 3.2-30.0 μg/mL. This method was fully validated and showed good performances in terms of recovery (96.9-102.9%) and precision (1.4-2.9%). Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of four anthraquinones in rhubarb and its preparations in the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshuang Dai
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Daling Road, Hubei Shiyan 442008, China
| | - Zhiqiong Chen
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bing Shang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Daling Road, Hubei Shiyan 442008, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Daling Road, Hubei Shiyan 442008, China
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17
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Fu J, Wu S, Wang M, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Song R. Intestinal metabolism of Polygonum cuspidatum in vitro
and in vivo. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4190. [PMID: 29334690 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Changzhou Center for Food and Drug Control; Changzhou China
| | - Songyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital; The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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18
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Rapid identification of herbal compounds derived metabolites using zebrafish larvae as the biotransformation system. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1515:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Analysis of NaoMaiTong Metabolites Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Rat Urine. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Wang D, Shi Q, Feng F. Rapid discovery and identification of the prototypes and their metabolites of Da-Huang-Xiao-Shi
decoction in rat plasma by an integrative strategy based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2722-2731. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Qingshui Shi
- Jiangsu Institute for Food and Drug Control; Nanjing China
| | - Fang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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21
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Wu S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Song R. Use of liquid chromatography hybrid triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry for the detection of emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28342275 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Emodin is the representative form of rhubarb, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of purgative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiviral, etc. Previous reports demonstrated that emodin glucuronide was the major metabolite in plasma. Owing to the extensive conjugation reactions of polyphenols, the aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of emodin in rat bile and urine. Neutral loss and precursor ion scan methods of triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed 13 conjugated metabolites in rat bile and 22 metabolites in rat urine, which included four phase I and 18 phase II metabolites. The major metabolites in rat biosamples were emodin glucuronoconjugates. Moreover, rhein monoglucuronide, chrysophanol monoglucuronide and rhein sulfate were proposed for the first time after oral administration of emodin. Overall, liquid chromatography hybrid triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis leads to the discovery of several novel emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine and underscores that conjugated with glucuronic acid is the main metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control & Pharmacovigilance, (China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education), Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Zhu TT, Wu L, Wang XL, Zhu H, Zhu XC, Zhou QG, Liu X, Cai BC. Investigation on relationships between chemical spectrum and bioeffect of prepared rhubarb decoction in rats by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS method coupled with gray correlation analysis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Untargeted metabolite analysis-based UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS reveals significant enrichment of p-hydroxybenzyl dimers of citric acids in fresh beige-scape Gastrodia elata (Wutianma). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 140:287-294. [PMID: 28380386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to comprehensively elucidate the chemical biosynthesis process of the beige-scape Gastrodia elata Blume (Wutianma) as a traditional herbal medicines, the untargeted analysis-based UHPLC-PDA-ESI-Q-TOF-MS reveals the metabolites ranging from the skeletons to novel dimers of citric acids in fresh and dried immature/mature stem tubers. Interestingly, two novel types of dimers for citric acids with the anhydride groups at sn-1 and/or sn-5 were discovered in fresh samples. Moreover, the classical mono- versus novel di-mers, and the aglycons versus the glycosides could be easily discriminated by signature fragmentation patterns and some novel adduct ions. The heat map of contents demonstrated more p-hydroxybenzyl metabolites than gastroxyl ones were determined in fresh Wutianma revealing a significant specificity with the lack of the sufficient gastrodin and gastroxyl products in biosynthetic pathway.
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24
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Sun H, Luo G, Xiang Z, Cai X, Chen D. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study of rhein treating renal fibrosis based on metabonomics approach. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1661-1670. [PMID: 27823631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of effect indicators in the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic study of complex diseases to describe the relationship between plasma concentration and effect indicators is difficult. PURPOSE Three effect indicators of renal fibrosis were successfully determined. The relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rhein in rhubarb was elucidated. STUDY DESIGN The study was a metabolomics analysis of rat plasma and pharmacokinetics/ pharmacodynamics of rhein. METHODS A sensitive and simple ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was applied to determine the rhein plasma concentration in the rat model of renal fibrosis and rat sham-operated group after the administration of rhubarb decoction. Then, the ultra performance liquid chromatography-Micromass quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) metabolomics method was used to screen biomarkers of renal fibrosis in rat plasma. Furthermore, the relationship between the plasma concentration of rhein and the concentration of three biomarkers directly related to renal fibrosis were analyzed. RESULTS The three screened biomarkers could represent the effect of rhein treatment on renal fibrosis. Increasing the plasma concentration of rhein tended to restore the concentration of the three biomarkers in the model group compared with that in the sham-operated group. Evident differences in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of rhein were also observed under different pathological states. The results provide valuable information for the clinical application of rhubarb. CONCLUSION Rhein intervention could recover the physiological balance in living organisms from the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic levels. New information on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of complex diseases is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Guangwen Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dahui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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25
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Yu CP, Shia CS, Lin HJ, Hsieh YW, Lin SP, Hou YC. Analysis of the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of aloe-emodin following intravenous and oral administrations in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1641-7. [PMID: 27061721 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aloe-emodin, a natural polyphenolic anthraquinone, has shown various beneficial bioactivities in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of aloe-emodin. Aloe-emodin was intravenously and orally administered to rats. The concentrations of aloe-emodin and rhein, a metabolite of aloe-emodin, were determined by HPLC method prior to and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase/β-glucuronidase. The results showed that the systemic exposures of aloe-emodin and its metabolites were ranked as aloe-emodin glucuronides (G) > rhein sulfates (S) > aloe-emodin > rhein and rhein G when aloe-emodin was given intravenously. In contrast, when aloe-emodin was administered orally, the parent form of aloe-emodin was not absorbed per se, and the systemic exposures of its metabolites were ranked as aloe-emodin G > rhein G > rhein. In conclusion, the metabolites of aloe-emodin are more important than the parent form for the bioactivities in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ping Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Sheng Shia
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yow-Wen Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shiuan-Pey Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, Republic of China
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26
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Yue S, Wu L, Wang J, Tang Y, Qu C, Shi X, Zhang P, Ge Y, Cao Y, Pang H, Shan C, Cui X, Qian L, Duan JA. Metabolic profile of anhydrosafflor yellow B in rats by ultra-fast liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1014:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Fu J, Wang M, Guo H, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Song R. Profiling of components of rhizoma et radix polygoni cuspidati by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet diode-array detector and ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:486-501. [PMID: 26246723 PMCID: PMC4522834 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.160455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rhizoma et Radix Polygoni Cuspidati (Huzhang in Chinese, HZ) is a traditional medicinal plant in China. Many of the components of HZ have been proved to be bioactive while it is difficult to conduct a comprehensive chemical profiling of HZ as a consequence of the absence of efficient separation system and sensitive detective means. We developed a simple and effective method for comprehensive characterization of constituents in HZ. Objective: To develop a simple and effective method to characterize the components in HZ and provide useful information for subsequent metabolic studies of HZ. Materials and Methods: The components in HZ aqueous extract were characterized by using high performance liquid chromatography with UV diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-IT/TOF). Stilbenes, anthraquinones, gallates and tannins, naphthalenes and some other compounds were identified and confirmed by diagnostic fragment ions with accurate mass measurements, characteristic fragmentation pathways and relevant published literatures. Results: Among the 238 constituents detected in HZ, a total number of 74 constituents were identified unambiguously or tentatively, including 29 compounds reported for the first time in HZ. Conclusion: The identification and structure elucidation of these chemicals provided essential data for quality control and further in vivo metabolic studies of HZ. Key words: Polygonum cuspidatum, HPLC-DAD, HPLC-IT/TOF, qualitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, China ; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjia Lane 24, Nanjing 210009, China
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28
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Identification of the absorbed components and metabolites of Zhi-Zi-Da-Huang decoction in rat plasma by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:277-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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29
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Chen Q, Yu F, Li P, Wei Y, Huang H. Comparative Validations of Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Anthraquinones in Compound Rhubarb Enema. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.991873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Chen
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | | | - Peng Li
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Wei
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
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30
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An R, Li Y, Li M, Bai Y, Lu Y, Du Z. Plasma pharmacochemistry combined with pharmacokinetics and pattern recognition analysis to screen potentially bioactive components from Daming capsule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flig. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1507-14. [PMID: 25678430 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yamei Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Mu Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yan Bai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research; Ministry of Education; State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China); Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy; The Second Affiliated Hospital; Harbin Medical University; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Harbin Medical University; Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions; Harbin Heilongjiang Province China
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Wang M, Fu J, Guo H, Tian Y, Xu F, Song R, Zhang Z. Discrimination of crude and processed rhubarb products using a chemometric approach based on ultra fast liquid chromatography with ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:395-401. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jinfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education); China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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32
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Eler GJ, Santos IS, de Moraes AG, Comar JF, Peralta RM, Bracht A. n-Octyl Gallate as Inhibitor of Pyruvate Carboxylation and Lactate Gluconeogenesis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 29:157-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Jacklin Eler
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Maringá; Avenida Colombo Maringá 87020900 Brazil
| | - Israel Souza Santos
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Maringá; Avenida Colombo Maringá 87020900 Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Maringá; Avenida Colombo Maringá 87020900 Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry; University of Maringá; Avenida Colombo Maringá 87020900 Brazil
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33
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Gu D, Yang Y, Chen Q, Habasi M, Zhao J, Aisa HA. Identification of metabolites of rupestonic acid in rat urine by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:595-603. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
- School of Marine Science and Environment Engineering; Dalian Ocean University; Dalian 116023 China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
| | - Qibin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
| | - Madina Habasi
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone; Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Urumqi 830011 China
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Xie J, Liao X, Qing FZ, Luo P, Zhang ZF, Huang J, Qing LS. A Novel Rhein-Functionalized Resin with Application for the Preconcentration of Anthraquinones. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.908383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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In vitro glucuronidation of five rhubarb anthraquinones by intestinal and liver microsomes from humans and rats. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Wang M, Fu J, Lv M, Tian Y, Xu F, Song R, Zhang Z. Effect of wine processing and acute blood stasis on the serum pharmacochemistry of rhubarb: A possible explanation for processing mechanism. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2499-503. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Jinfeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Mengying Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing China
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Yi T, Zhu L, Tang YN, Zhang JY, Liang ZT, Xu J, Zhao ZZ, Yu ZL, Bian ZX, Yang ZJ, Chen HB. An integrated strategy based on UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS for metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of herbal medicines: Tibetan "Snow Lotus" herb (Saussurea laniceps), a case study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:701-13. [PMID: 24661968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saussurea laniceps Hand.-Mazz. (SL) has long been used under the herbal name Tibetan "Snow Lotus" for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, stomachache and dysmenorrhea in Tibetan folk medicine. Since herbal medicine (HM) is a synergistical system with multiple components, both of the metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of HM are interdependent. This study aimed to develop an integrated strategy based on the UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS technique for metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of HM. MATERIAL AND METHODS SL was used here as a test herb to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy. SL was administered to rats, then, the blood plasma, urine and feces were analyzed to determine the metabolic profiles. Using our strategy, umbelliferone and scopoletin were evaluated to be the key bioactive components. Their pharmacokinetic parameters were measured and biotransformation pathways were elucidated. RESULTS After oral administration of SL to rats, 17 components in blood, 10 components in urine and 2 components in feces were identified and characterized using our UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS method. Umbelliferone, scopoletin and their metabolites were found to be the major components involved in the metabolism process. Literature reports also suggest that umbelliferone and scopoletin are responsible for the therapeutic effects of SL, thus these two components were selected as the active markers for pharmacokinetic study. In the test of validity, the established method presented good linearity with R(2)>0.99. The relative standard deviation value was below 13.9% for precision, and recovery studies for accuracy were found to be within the range 91.8-112.5%. CONCLUSION The present strategy offers, simultaneously, precision in quantitative analysis (metabolism study) and accuracy in quantitative analysis (pharmacokinetic study) with greater efficiency and less costs, which is therefore reliably used for integrated metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of HM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Biomedical Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Yi-Na Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhi-Tao Liang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Zhao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Hu-Biao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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38
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Shi Z, Jiang H, Hu J, Li Z, Zhang H. DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF ANTHRAQUINONE DERIVATIVES IN HUMAN URINE AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF SAN-HUANG TABLETS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.825861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Shi
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Huixian Jiang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Junda Hu
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Zhimin Li
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- a College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province , Hebei University , Baoding , China
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Eler GJ, Santos IS, de Moraes AG, Mito MS, Comar JF, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Kinetics of the transformation of n-propyl gallate and structural analogs in the perfused rat liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:35-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wu W, Yan R, Yao M, Zhan Y, Wang Y. Pharmacokinetics of anthraquinones in rat plasma after oral administration of a rhubarb extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:564-72. [PMID: 24136708 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion and their conjugates in rat plasma. The lower limit of quantitation of each anthraquinone was 0.020-0.040 µm. Intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 90.1-114.3% and the precisions were <14.6%. The matrix effects were 104.0-113.2%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats receiving a rhubarb extract orally. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t ) and peak concentration (Cmax ) of free aloe-emodin and emodin in rat plasma were much lower than those of rhein. The amounts of chrysophanol and physcion were too low to be continuously detected. After treating the plasma samples with β-glucuronidases, each anthraquinone was detectable throughout the experimental period (36 h) and showed much higher plasma concentrations and AUC0-t . The free/total ratios of aloe-emodin, rhein and emodin were 6.5, 49.0 and 1.7% for Cmax and 3.7, 32.5 and 1.1% for AUC0-t , respectively. The dose-normalized AUC0-t and Cmax of the total of each anthraquinone were in the same descending order: rhein > emodin > chrysophanol > physcion > aloe-emodin. These findings reveal phase II conjugates as the dominant in vivo existing forms of rhubarb antharquinones and warrant a further study to evaluate their contribution to the herbal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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41
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Hong Y, Chen L. Extraction of Anthraquinones from Rhubarb by a Molecularly Imprinted–Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Method with HPLC Detection. ANAL LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.798797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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42
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Ghavami R, Rasouli Z. Investigation of retention behavior of anthraquinoids in RP-HPLC on 17 different C18 stationary phases by means of quantitative structure retention relationships. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Li Z, Song X, Fu Z, Wu B, Ling Y, Sun Z, Chen M, Xu D, Huang C. Identification of the Major Constituents in Zhimu–Huangqi Herb-Pair Extract and Their Metabolites in Rats by LC–ESI-MSn. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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44
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Gao F, Hu Y, Fang G, Yang G, Xu Z, Dou L, Chen Z, Fan G. Recent developments in the field of the determination of constituents of TCMs in body fluids of animals and human. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:241-60. [PMID: 23642848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) play important role in drug discovery and human health, the actual value of TCMs has not been fully recognized worldwide due to its complex components and uncontrollable quality. For the modernization and globalization of TCMs, it is important to establish selective, sensitive and feasible analytical methods for determination and quantification of bioactive components of TCMs in body fluids primarily due to the low concentration, the complex nature of the biological matrices, and multi-components and their metabolites present in biological fluids. The present review summarizes the current extraction techniques, chromatographic separation and spectroscopic (especially mass spectrometric) analysis methods and new trends on the analysis of bioactive components and metabolites of TCMs in biological fluids. In addition, the importance of establishment of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability profiles and simultaneous determination of multi-active components in TCMs is discussed to provide proper examples of analytical methods for pharmacological and clinical studies of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Jin Y, Wu CS, Zhang JL, Li YF. A new strategy for the discovery of epimedium metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 768:111-7. [PMID: 23473257 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new strategy of drug metabolite discovery and identification was established using high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) and a mass spectral trees similarity filter (MTSF) technique. The MTSF technique was developed as a means to rapidly discover comprehensive metabolites from multiple active components in a complicated biological matrix. Using full-scan mass spectra as the stem and data-dependent subsequent stage mass spectra to form branches, the HRMS and multiple-stage mass spectrometric data from detected compounds were converted to mass spectral trees data. Potential metabolites were discovered based on the similarity between their mass spectral trees and that known compounds or metabolites in a mass spectra trees library. The threshold value for match similarity scores was set at above 200, allowing approximately 80% of interference to be filtered out. A total of 115 metabolites of five flavonoid monomers (epimedin A, epimedin B, epimedin C, icariin, and baohuoside I) and herbal extract of epimedium were discovered and identified in rats via this new strategy. As a result, a metabolic profile for epimedium was obtained and a metabolic pathway was proposed. In addition, comparing to the widely used neutral loss filter (NLF), product ion filter (PIF), and mass defect filter (MDF) techniques, the MTSF technique was shown superior efficiency and selectivity for discovering and identifying metabolites in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Ling Y, Chen M, Wang K, Sun Z, Li Z, Wu B, Huang C. Systematic screening and characterization of the major bioactive components of Poria cocos and their metabolites in rats by LC-ESI-MS(n). Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:1109-17. [PMID: 22213174 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos is a well-known medicinal plant widely used in China and other East Asian countries owing to its various therapeutic effects. However, the bioactive constituents responsible for the pharmacological effects of Poria cocos and their metabolites in vivo are still unclear to date. The aim of the present study was to develop a practical method based on the combined use of the liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization multistage tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS(n) ) for the comprehensive and systematic separation and characterization of the bioactive constituents of Poria cocos extract and their metabolites in rats. Based on the proposed strategy, a total of 34 compounds were characterized from the extract of Poria cocos. Among them, eight were unambiguously identified by comparing their retention times and mass spectra with those of reference standards, and 26 were tentatively identified on the basis of their MS(n) fragmentation behaviors and molecular weight information from literatures. In vivo, seven compounds were successfully detected in rat urine whereas one was found in rat plasma. This study proposed a series of potential bioactive components and provided helpful chemical information for further research on the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ling
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Yan Z, Chen Y, Li T, Zhang J, Yang X. Identification of metabolites of Si-Ni-San, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in rat plasma and urine using liquid chromatography/diode array detection/triple-quadrupole spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 885-886:73-82. [PMID: 22226767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine formula (TCMF) in treating various diseases. However, the in vivo integrated metabolism of its multiple components remains unknown. In this paper, a liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and triple-quadrupole spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS/MS) method was developed for detection and identification of SNS metabolites in rat plasma and urine at a normal clinical dosage. Accurate structural elucidation was performed using MS/MS, UV data and n-octanol/water partition coefficient. Based on the proposed strategy, 36 absorbed compounds and 29 metabolites in plasma and 33 metabolites in urine were detected by a highly sensitive MRM method. Our results indicated that phase II reactions (e.g., methylation, glucuronidation and sulfation) were the main metabolic pathways of gallic acid and flavanones, while phase I reactions (e.g., hydroxylation) were the major metabolic reaction for triterpenoid saponins. The metabolite profile analysis of SNS provided a comprehensive understanding of the in vivo metabolic fates of constituents in SNS. Moreover, the results in this work demonstrated the present strategy based on the combination of chromatographic, spectrophotometric, mass-spectrometric, and software prediction to detect and identify metabolites was effective and reliable. And such a strategy may also be extended to investigate the metabolism of other TCMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Yan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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48
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Absorbable phenylpropenoyl sucroses from Polygala tenuifolia. Molecules 2011; 16:5507-13. [PMID: 21716172 PMCID: PMC6264218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16075507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three phenylpropenoyl sucroses--sibiricose A5, A6 and 3',6-disinapoyl sucrose--were isolated from the 30% EtOH extract of Polygala tenuifolia, which displayed antidepressant-like action. HPLC analysis indicated that the three phenylpropenoyl sucroses could be absorbed into serum. From the serum pharmacochemistry point of view, these three phenylpropenoyl sucroses might prevent or relieve depression.
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Separation of 9,10-anthraquinone derivatives: Evaluation of functionalised stationary phases in reversed phase mode. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3636-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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