1
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Nelson BR, Kirkpatrick BE, Skillin NP, Di Caprio N, Lee JS, Hibbard LP, Hach GK, Khang A, White TJ, Burdick JA, Bowman CN, Anseth KS. Facile Physicochemical Reprogramming of PEG-Dithiolane Microgels. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302925. [PMID: 37984810 PMCID: PMC11102926 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Granular biomaterials have found widespread applications in tissue engineering, in part because of their inherent porosity, tunable properties, injectability, and 3D printability. However, the assembly of granular hydrogels typically relies on spherical microparticles and more complex particle geometries have been limited in scope, often requiring templating of individual microgels by microfluidics or in-mold polymerization. Here, we use dithiolane-functionalized synthetic macromolecules to fabricate photopolymerized microgels via batch emulsion, and then harness the dynamic disulfide crosslinks to rearrange the network. Through unconfined compression between parallel plates in the presence of photoinitiated radicals, we transform the isotropic microgels are transformed into disks. Characterizing this process, we find that the areas of the microgel surface in contact with the compressive plates are flattened while the curvature of the uncompressed microgel boundaries increases. When cultured with C2C12 myoblasts, cells localize to regions of higher curvature on the disk-shaped microgel surfaces. This altered localization affects cell-driven construction of large supraparticle scaffold assemblies, with spherical particles assembling without specific junction structure while disk microgels assemble preferentially on their curved surfaces. These results represent a unique spatiotemporal process for rapid reprocessing of microgels into anisotropic shapes, providing new opportunities to study shape-driven mechanobiological cues during and after granular hydrogel assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nathaniel P Skillin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nikolas Di Caprio
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joshua S Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Lea Pearl Hibbard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Grace K Hach
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Alex Khang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Timothy J White
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
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2
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López-Molina J, Groh S, Dzubiella J, Moncho-Jordá A. Nonequilibrium relaxation of soft responsive colloids. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:094902. [PMID: 39225526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0221903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive macromolecules display large conformational changes during their dynamics, sometimes switching between states. Such a multi-stability is useful for the development of soft functional materials. Here, we introduce a mean-field dynamical density functional theory for a model of responsive colloids to study the nonequilibrium dynamics of a colloidal dispersion in time-dependent external fields, with a focus on the coupling of translational and conformational dynamics during their relaxation. Specifically, we consider soft Gaussian particles with a bimodal size distribution between two confining walls with time-dependent (switching-on and off) external gravitational and osmotic fields. We find a rich relaxation behavior of the systems in excellent agreement with particle-based Brownian dynamics computer simulations. In particular, we find time-asymmetric relaxations of integrated observables (wall pressures, mean size, and liquid center-of-mass) for activation/deactivation of external potentials, respectively, which are tunable by the ratio of translational and conformational diffusion time scales. Our work thus paves the way for studying the nonequilibrium relaxation dynamics of complex soft matter with multiple degrees of freedom and hierarchical relaxations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José López-Molina
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sebastien Groh
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arturo Moncho-Jordá
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute Carlos I for Theoretical and Computational Physics, University de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
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3
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Sharma A, Rohne F, Vasquez-Muñoz D, Jung SH, Lomadze N, Pich A, Santer S, Bekir M. Selective Segregation of Thermo-Responsive Microgels via Microfluidic Technology. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400226. [PMID: 39091063 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Separation of equally sized particles distinguished solely by material properties remains still a very challenging task. Here a simple separation of differently charged, thermo-responsive polymeric particles (for example microgels) but equal in size, via the combination of pressure-driven microfluidic flow and precise temperature control is proposed. The separation principle relies on forcing thermo-responsive microgels to undergo the volume phase transition during heating and therefore changing its size and correspondingly the change in drift along a pressure driven shear flow. Different thermo-responsive particle types such as different grades of ionizable groups inside the polymer matrix have different temperature regions of volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). This enables selective control of collapsed versus swollen microgels, and accordingly, this physical principle provides a simple method for fractioning a binary mixture with at least one thermo-responsive particle, which is achieved by elution times in the sense of particle chromatography. The concepts are visualized in experimental studies, with an intend to improve the purification strategy of the broad distribution of charged microgels into fractioning to more narrow distribution microgels distinguished solely by slight differences in net charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fabian Rohne
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Se-Hyeong Jung
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nino Lomadze
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, or, Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces, Department of Materials, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM) Maastricht University, Geleen, 6167 RD, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana Santer
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marek Bekir
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Buratti E, Colantonio C, D’Amato R, Dinelli F, Franco S, Limosani F, Montereali RM, Nichelatti E, Piccinini M, Vincenti MA, Ruzicka B. Influence of a Solid Surface on PNIPAM Microgel Films. Gels 2024; 10:473. [PMID: 39057496 PMCID: PMC11276228 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive microgels have attracted great interest in recent years as building blocks for fabricating smart surfaces with many technological applications. In particular, PNIPAM microgels are promising candidates for creating thermo-responsive scaffolds to control cell growth and detachment via temperature stimuli. In this framework, understanding the influence of the solid substrate is critical for tailoring microgel coatings to specific applications. The surface modification of the substrate is a winning strategy used to manage microgel-substrate interactions. To control the spreading of microgel particles on a solid surface, glass substrates are coated with a PEI or an APTES layer to improve surface hydrophobicity and add positive charges on the interface. A systematic investigation of PNIPAM microgels spin-coated through a double-step deposition protocol on pristine glass and on functionalised glasses was performed by combining wettability measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy. The greater flattening of microgel particles on less hydrophilic substrates can be explained as a consequence of the reduced shielding of the water-substrate interactions that favors electrostatic interactions between microgels and the substrate. This approach allows the yielding of effective control on microgel coatings that will help to unlock new possibilities for their application in biomedical devices, sensors, or responsive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Nuclear Department, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Buratti
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 14412 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Colantonio
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria D’Amato
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Nuclear Department, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - Franco Dinelli
- National Institute of Optics (INO-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Franco
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Limosani
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Nuclear Department, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Nichelatti
- ENEA C.R. Casaccia, Nuclear Department, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Piccinini
- ENEA C.R. Frascati, Nuclear Department, Via Enrico Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Physics Department, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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5
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Kalapurakal RM, Rocha BC, Vashisth H. Self-Assembly in an Experimentally Realistic Model of Lobed Patchy Colloids. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:535-542. [PMID: 36698242 PMCID: PMC10880053 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Colloids with lobed architectures have been shown to self-assemble into promising porous structures with potential biomedical applications. The synthesis of these colloids via experiments can be tuned to vary the number and the position of the lobes. However, the polydispersity involving the numbers, sizes, and the dispositions of lobes, that is often observed in particle designs, can significantly affect their self-assembled structures. In this work, we go beyond the uniform lobe size conditions commonly considered in molecular simulations, and probe the effect of polydispersity due to non-uniform lobe sizes by studying self-assembly in three experimentally observable designs of lobed particles (dumbbell, two lobes; trigonal planar, three lobes; and tetrahedral, four lobes), using coarse-grained Langevin dynamics simulations in the NVT ensemble. With increasing polydispersity, we observed the formation of a crystalline structure from a disordered state for the dumbbell system, and a loss of order in the crystalline structures for the trigonal planar system. The tetrahedral system retained a crystalline structure with only a minor loss in compactness. We observed that the effect of polydispersity on the self-assembled morphology of a given system can be minimized by increasing the number of lobes. The polydispersity in the lobe size may also be useful in tuning self-assemblies toward desired structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunno C. Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hamphire, Durham, New Hampshire03824, United States
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hamphire, Durham, New Hampshire03824, United States
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6
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Sommerfeld IK, Malyaran H, Neuss S, Demco DE, Pich A. Multiresponsive Core-Shell Microgels Functionalized by Nitrilotriacetic Acid. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:903-923. [PMID: 38170471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive microgels with ionizable functional groups offer versatile applications, e.g., by the uptake of oppositely charged metal ions or guest molecules such as drugs, dyes, or proteins. Furthermore, the incorporation of carboxylic groups enhances mucoadhesive properties, crucial for various drug delivery applications. In this work, we successfully synthesized poly{N-vinylcaprolactam-2,2'-[(5-acrylamido-1-carboxypentyl)azanediyl]diacetic acid} [p(VCL/NTAaa)] microgels containing varying amounts of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) using precipitation polymerization. We performed fundamental characterization by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. Despite their potential multiresponsiveness, prior studies on NTA-functionalized microgels lack in-depth analysis of their stimuli-responsive behavior. This work addresses this gap by assessing the microgel responsiveness to temperature, ionic strength, and pH. Morphological investigations were performed via NMR relaxometry, nanoscale imaging (AFM and SEM), and reaction calorimetry. Finally, we explored the potential application of the microgels by conducting cytocompatibility experiments and demonstrating the immobilization of the model protein cytochrome c in the microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel K Sommerfeld
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanna Malyaran
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E Demco
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI─Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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7
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Moncho-Jordá A, Groh S, Dzubiella J. External field-driven property localization in liquids of responsive macromolecules. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:024904. [PMID: 38189617 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We explore theoretically the effects of external potentials on the spatial distribution of particle properties in a liquid of explicitly responsive macromolecules. In particular, we focus on the bistable particle size as a coarse-grained internal degree of freedom (DoF, or "property"), σ, that moves in a bimodal energy landscape, in order to model the response of a state-switching (big-to-small) macromolecular liquid to external stimuli. We employ a mean-field density functional theory (DFT) that provides the full inhomogeneous equilibrium distributions of a one-component model system of responsive colloids (RCs) interacting with a Gaussian pair potential. For systems confined between two parallel hard walls, we observe and rationalize a significant localization of the big particle state close to the walls, with pressures described by an exact RC wall theorem. Application of more complex external potentials, such as linear (gravitational), osmotic, and Hamaker potentials, promotes even stronger particle size segregation, in which macromolecules of different size are localized in different spatial regions. Importantly, we demonstrate how the degree of responsiveness of the particle size and its coupling to the external potential tune the position-dependent size distribution. The DFT predictions are corroborated by Brownian dynamics simulations. Our study highlights the fact that particle responsiveness can be used to localize liquid properties and therefore helps to control the property- and position-dependent function of macromolecules, e.g., in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Moncho-Jordá
- Department of Applied Physics, University de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute Carlos I for Theoretical and Computational Physics, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Sebastien Groh
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Straße 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität 6 Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Guo Q, Yang W, Liu H, Wang W, Ge Z, Yuan Z. An aquatic biomimetic butterfly soft robot driven by deformable photo-responsive hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7370-7378. [PMID: 37740388 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01027a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Taking inspiration from the locomotor behaviors of a butterfly, we have developed an underwater soft robot that imitates its movements. This biomimetic robot is constructed using a deformable photo-responsive material that exhibits high biological compatibility and impressive deformation capabilities in response to external stimuli. First, we investigate composite materials consisting of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Then, using photocuring printing technology, we successfully fabricate a biomimetic butterfly soft robot utilizing these composite materials. The robot is driven by visible light, enabling it to achieve periodic wing movement and fly upward at an average speed of 3.63 mm s-1. In addition, the robot achieves additional functionalities such as flying over obstacles and carrying small objects during the ascending flight. These outcomes have a significant impact on the advancement of flexible biomimetic robots and offer valuable insights for the research of biomimetic robots driven by visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Guo
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Huibin Liu
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Wenhao Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Zhixing Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yuan
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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9
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He S, Schog S, Chen Y, Ji Y, Panitz S, Richtering W, Göstl R. Photoinduced Mechanical Cloaking of Diarylethene-Crosslinked Microgels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305845. [PMID: 37578840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The serial connection of multiple stimuli-responses in polymer architectures enables the logically conjunctive gating of functional material processes on demand. Here, a photoswitchable diarylethene (DAE) acts as a crosslinker in poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) microgels and allows the light-induced shift of the volume phase-transition temperature (VPTT). While swollen microgels below the VPTT are susceptible to force and undergo breakage-aggregation processes, collapsed microgels above the VPTT stay intact in mechanical fields induced by ultrasonication. Within a VPTT shift regime, photoswitching of the DAE transfers microgels from the swollen to the collapsed state and thereby gates their response to force as demonstrated by the light-gated activation of an embedded fluorogenic mechanophore. This photoinduced mechanical cloaking system operates on the polymer topology level and is thereby principally universally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang He
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Schog
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ying Chen
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yuxin Ji
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sinan Panitz
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Niezabitowska E, Gray DM, Gallardo-Toledo E, Owen A, Rannard SP, McDonald TO. Understanding the Degradation of Core-Shell Nanogels Using Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:346. [PMID: 37504841 PMCID: PMC10381601 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanogels are candidates for biomedical applications, and core-shell nanogels offer the potential to tune thermoresponsive behaviour with the capacity for extensive degradation. These properties were achieved by the combination of a core of poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) and a shell of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), both crosslinked with the degradable crosslinker N,N'-bis(acryloyl)cystamine. In this work, the degradation behaviour of these nanogels was characterised using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled with multi-angle and dynamic light scattering. By monitoring the degradation products of the nanogels in real-time, it was possible to identify three distinct stages of degradation: nanogel swelling, nanogel fragmentation, and nanogel fragment degradation. The results indicate that the core-shell nanogels degrade slower than their non-core-shell counterparts, possibly due to a higher degree of self-crosslinking reactions occurring in the shell. The majority of the degradation products had molecule weights below 10 kDa, which suggests that they may be cleared through the kidneys. This study provides important insights into the design and characterisation of degradable nanogels for biomedical applications, highlighting the need for accurate characterisation techniques to measure the potential biological impact of nanogel degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Niezabitowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Dominic M Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-Acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TR, UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
- Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 3NY, UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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11
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Hagemans F, Camerin F, Hazra N, Lammertz J, Dux F, Del Monte G, Laukkanen OV, Crassous JJ, Zaccarelli E, Richtering W. Buckling and Interfacial Deformation of Fluorescent Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Capsules. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7257-7271. [PMID: 37053566 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hollow microgels are fascinating model systems at the crossover between polymer vesicles, emulsions, and colloids as they deform, interpenetrate, and eventually shrink at higher volume fraction or when subjected to an external stress. Here, we introduce a system consisting of microgels with a micrometer-sized cavity enabling a straightforward characterization in situ using fluorescence microscopy techniques. Similarly to elastic capsules, these systems are found to reversibly buckle above a critical osmotic pressure, conversely to smaller hollow microgels, which were previously reported to deswell at high volume fraction. Simulations performed on monomer-resolved in silico hollow microgels confirm the buckling transition and show that the presented microgels can be described with a thin shell model theory. When brought to an interface, these microgels, that we define as microgel capsules, strongly deform and we thus propose to utilize them to locally probe interfacial properties within a theoretical framework adapted from the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory. Besides their capability to sense their environment and to address fundamental questions on the elasticity and permeability of microgel systems, microgel capsules can be further envisioned as model systems mimicking anisotropic responsive biological systems such as red blood and epithelial cells thanks to the possibility offered by microgels to be synthesized with custom-designed properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hagemans
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Camerin
- CNR-ISC, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 2 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Nabanita Hazra
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Janik Lammertz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Dux
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Giovanni Del Monte
- CNR-ISC, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 2 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Olli-Ville Laukkanen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Koivurannantie 1, 40400 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jérôme J Crassous
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emanuela Zaccarelli
- CNR-ISC, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 2 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Wang Z, Shi D, Wang X, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Li Y, Ge Z, Yang W. A Multifunctional Light-Driven Swimming Soft Robot for Various Application Scenarios. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179609. [PMID: 36077007 PMCID: PMC9455906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The locomotor behavior of creatures in nature can bring a lot of inspiration for the fabrication of soft actuators. In this paper, we fabricated a bionic light-driven swimming soft robot that can perform grasping of tiny objects and achieve the task of object transfer. By adding carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the temperature-sensitive hydrogels can be endowed with light-responsive properties. The fabricated composite hydrogel structure can control the contraction and expansion of volume by light, which is similar to the contraction and diastole behavior of muscles. The oscillation of the fish tail and the grasping action of the normally closed micromanipulator can be achieved by the control of the irradiation of the xenon light source. The bending of the bionic arm can be controlled by the irradiation of a near-infrared (NIR) laser, which transforms the spatial position and posture of the micromanipulator. The proposed scheme is feasible for miniaturized fabrication and application of flexible actuators. This work provides some important insights for the study of light-driven microrobots and light-driven flexible actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Dongni Shi
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (W.Y.)
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13
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Liang W, Lopez CG, Richtering W, Wöll D. Photo- and thermo-responsive microgels with supramolecular crosslinks for wavelength tunability of the volume phase transition temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14408-14415. [PMID: 35642955 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00532h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functional microgels have powerful applications, especially due to their quick responsiveness to different external stimuli such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, solvent composition and light. Here, we describe the synthesis of novel dual-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels and demonstrate that, in addition to temperature, light changes their properties. The crosslinks inside the microgels were achieved by the host-guest interactions between the trans azobenzene (transAzo) and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) units. transAzo can be photoisomerized to cisAzo which exhibits significant lower binding affinity to βCD. As a consequence, the crosslink density, and thus several microgel properties, can be controlled by light irradiation. Surprisingly, this irradiation with light can significantly change the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) by several degrees centigrade, presumably due to the fact that the polar βCD shields the transAzo bound to it, whereas the unbound cisAzo is rather apolar. As a result, continuous irradiation with specific wavelengths until reaching the respective photostationary state allows for a full control over the VPTT within the physiologically relevant range between 32 °C and 38 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Hussain I, Shahid M, Ali F, Irfan A, Farooqi ZH, Begum R. Methacrylic acid based microgels and hybrid microgels. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Methacrylic acid based microgels have got much consideration in the last two decades because of their potential uses in different fields owing to their responsive behaviour towards external stimuli. Synthesis, properties and uses of methacrylic acid based microgels and their hybrids have been critically reviewed in this article. With minute change in external stimuli such as pH and ionic strength of medium, these microgels show quick swelling/deswelling reversibly. The methacrylic acid based microgels have been widely reported for applications in the area of nanotechnology, drug delivery, sensing and catalysis due to their responsive behaviour. A critical review of current research development in this field along with upcoming perception is presented here. This discussion is concluded with proposed probable future studies for additional growth in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ali
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Lahore , 1-KM Defence road , Main Campus , Lahore 53700 , Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , P.O. Box 9004 , Abha 61413 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahoor H. Farooqi
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
| | - Robina Begum
- School of Chemistry , University of the Punjab , New Campus , Lahore 54590 , Pakistan
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15
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Synthesis of a dual UCST-type thermosensitive and acid-degradable nanogel based on poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) and a ketal-containing crosslinker. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Shi Y, Bergs C, Abdelbary MM, Pich A, Conrads G. Isoeugenol-functionalized nanogels inhibit peri-implantitis associated bacteria in vitro. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Gray DM, Town AR, Niezabitowska E, Rannard SP, McDonald TO. Dual-responsive degradable core-shell nanogels with tuneable aggregation behaviour. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2196-2206. [PMID: 35425260 PMCID: PMC8979186 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07093b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of core–shell nanogels by sequential addition of thermoresponsive monomers; N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM). The aggregation behaviour of aqueous dispersions of these particles in the presence of salt can be tuned by varying the monomer ratio. The inclusion of degradable cross-linker bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC) allows the nanogels to degrade in the presence of reducing agent, with nanogels composed of a copolymer of the two monomers not showing the same high levels of degradation as the comparable core–shell particles. These levels of degradation were also seen with physiologically relevant reducing agent concentration at pH 7. Therefore, it is hoped that the aggregation of these nanogels will have applications in nanomedicine and beyond. Core–shell nanogels with a poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) core and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) shell display tuneable thermoresponsive behaviour and high degradability.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Adam R Town
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | | | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK .,Materials Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street L69 7ZD UK
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18
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Thermal Behaviour of Microgels Composed of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(acrylic acid): A Calorimetric Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010115. [PMID: 35012137 PMCID: PMC8747536 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive microgels have recently attracted great attention in fundamental research as their soft particles can be deformed and compressed at high packing fractions resulting in singular phase behaviours. Moreover, they are also well suited for a wide variety of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, organ-on-chip devices, microlenses fabrication and cultural heritage. Here, thermoresponsive and pH-sensitive cross-linked microgels, composed of interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), are synthesized by a precipitation polymerization method in water and investigated through differential scanning calorimetry in a temperature range across the volume phase transition temperature of PNIPAM microgels. The phase behaviour is studied as a function of heating/cooling rate, concentration, pH and PAAc content. At low concentrations and PAAc contents, the network interpenetration does not affect the transition temperature typical of PNIPAM microgel in agreement with previous studies; on the contrary, we show that it induces a marked decrease at higher concentrations. DSC analysis also reveals an increase of the overall calorimetric enthalpy with increasing concentration and a decrease with increasing PAAc content. These findings are discussed and explained as related to emerging aggregation processes that can be finely controlled by properly changing concentration, PAAc content an pH. A deep analysis of the thermodynamic parameters allows to draw a temperature–concentration state diagram in the investigated concentration range.
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19
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Feng Y, Chen Z, Zhao N, Liu G, Zhou F, Liu W. Exploration on Aqueous Lubrication of Polymeric Microgels between Titanium Alloy Contacts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32178-32185. [PMID: 34870038 PMCID: PMC8638016 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since titanium alloys have been widely used as joint replacement biomaterials, their superficial lubrication has evolved to be a critical factor for normal use. For this purpose, one kind of typical microgel, poly(NIPAAm-co-AA), was synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and used as an aqueous lubricating additive between titanium alloy contacts. The results show that the as-synthesized microgels reduced the coefficient of friction by 46% and the wear volume by 45%, compared with pure water. Meanwhile, due to their thermosensitive property, the microgels were employed as smart additives to modulate the interfacial friction, which was attributed to the transition of the hydrated state and the elastic deformation of microgel particles. To further dissect the lubrication mechanism, it was found that the lubricating property of microgels was substantially associated with the formation of a hydrated layer surrounding microgels, microbearing effect, interfacial adsorption, and the colloidal stability. Looking beyond, as one kind of soft colloidal lubricant, the microgels may play an important role in the biomedical metal lubrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Center
of Advanced Lubrication and Sealing Materials, State Key Laboratory
of Solidification Processing, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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20
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Zalmi GA, Bhosale SV. Aggregation induced emission (AIE) molecules for measurement of intracellular temperature, pH, and viscosity sensing. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 184:11-60. [PMID: 34749971 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This book chapter presents insightful growth and progress in the field of sensing especially, temperature, pH, and viscosity sensing. We focus more on aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active materials for measuring intracellular pH, viscosity, and temperature by means of fluorescence and absorption study. A special emphasis is given on AIE active fluorescent molecules, molecular rotors, polymeric nanomaterials which are considered as the important aspects of sense. It also gives the fundamental and brief understanding between these different AIE active material and its application in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta A Zalmi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, India
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21
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Windbiel JT, Llevot A. Microgel Preparation by Miniemulsion Polymerization of Passerini Multicomponent Reaction Derived Acrylate Monomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Tobias Windbiel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS‐FMS) Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Audrey Llevot
- Bordeaux INP University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques UMR 5629, ENSCBP, 16 avenue Pey‐Berland, F‐33607 Pessac cedex France
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22
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Biglione C, Neumann‐Tran TMP, Kanwal S, Klinger D. Amphiphilic micro‐ and nanogels: Combining properties from internal hydrogel networks, solid particles, and micellar aggregates. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Biglione
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Sidra Kanwal
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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23
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Keskin D, Zu G, Forson AM, Tromp L, Sjollema J, van Rijn P. Nanogels: A novel approach in antimicrobial delivery systems and antimicrobial coatings. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3634-3657. [PMID: 33898869 PMCID: PMC8047124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of nanotechnology to develop efficient antimicrobial systems has a significant impact on the prospects of the biomedical field. Nanogels are soft polymeric particles with an internally cross-linked structure, which behave as hydrogels and can be reversibly hydrated/dehydrated (swollen/shrunken) by the dispersing solvent and external stimuli. Their excellent properties, such as biocompatibility, colloidal stability, high water content, desirable mechanical properties, tunable chemical functionalities, and interior gel-like network for the incorporation of biomolecules, make them fascinating in the field of biological/biomedical applications. In this review, various approaches will be discussed and compared to the newly developed nanogel technology in terms of efficiency and applicability for determining their potential role in combating infections in the biomedical area including implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Tromp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering, W. J. Kolff Institute, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
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24
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Riegert J, Töpel A, Schieren J, Coryn R, Dibenedetto S, Braunmiller D, Zajt K, Schalla C, Rütten S, Zenke M, Pich A, Sechi A. Guiding cell adhesion and motility by modulating cross-linking and topographic properties of microgel arrays. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257495. [PMID: 34555082 PMCID: PMC8460069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial-driven modulation of cell adhesion and migration is a challenging aspect of tissue engineering. Here, we investigated the impact of surface-bound microgel arrays with variable geometry and adjustable cross-linking properties on cell adhesion and migration. We show that cell migration is inversely correlated with microgel array spacing, whereas directionality increases as array spacing increases. Focal adhesion dynamics is also modulated by microgel topography resulting in less dynamic focal adhesions on surface-bound microgels. Microgels also modulate the motility and adhesion of Sertoli cells used as a model for cell migration and adhesion. Both focal adhesion dynamics and speed are reduced on microgels. Interestingly, Gas2L1, a component of the cytoskeleton that mediates the interaction between microtubules and microfilaments, is dispensable for the regulation of cell adhesion and migration on microgels. Finally, increasing microgel cross-linking causes a clear reduction of focal adhesion turnover in Sertoli cells. These findings not only show that spacing and rigidity of surface-grafted microgels arrays can be effectively used to modulate cell adhesion and motility of diverse cellular systems, but they also form the basis for future developments in the fields of medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Riegert
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Töpel
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen,
Germany
- DWI, Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen,
Germany
| | - Jana Schieren
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Renee Coryn
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stella Dibenedetto
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Braunmiller
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen,
Germany
- DWI, Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen,
Germany
| | - Kamil Zajt
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Carmen Schalla
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen,
Germany
- DWI, Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen,
Germany
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen
University, Aachen, Germany
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25
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Aguirre-Manzo LA, González-Mozuelos P. A self-consistent Ornstein-Zernike jellium for highly charged colloids (microgels) in suspensions with added salt. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:275101. [PMID: 34047280 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abfe95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work discusses a jellium scheme, built within the framework of the multicomponent Ornstein-Zernike (OZ) equation, which is capable of describing the collective structure of suspensions of highly charged colloids with added salt, even in the presence of finite-size multivalent microions. This approach uses a suitable approximation to decouple the microion-microion correlations from the macroion-microion profiles, which in combination with the methodology from the dressed ion theory (DIT) gives a full account of the electrostatic effective potential among the colloids. The main advantages of the present contribution reside in its ability to manage the short-range potentials and non-linear correlations among the microions, as well as its realistic characterization of the ionic clouds surrounding each macroion. The structure factors predicted by this jellium scheme are contrasted with previously reported experimental results for microgel suspensions with monovalent salts (2019Phys. Rev. E100032602), thus validating its high accuracy in these situations. The present theoretical analysis is then extended to microgel suspensions with multivalent salts, which reveals the prominent influence of the counterion valence on the makeup of the effective potentials. Although the induced differences may be difficult to identify through the mesoscopic structure, our results suggest that the microgel collapsing transition may be used to enhance these distinct effects, thus giving a feasible experimental probe for these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Aguirre-Manzo
- Departamento de Física, Cinvestav del I. P. N., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México, C. P. 07360, Mexico
| | - P González-Mozuelos
- Departamento de Física, Cinvestav del I. P. N., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México, C. P. 07360, Mexico
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Johnson L, Gray DM, Niezabitowska E, McDonald TO. Multi-stimuli-responsive aggregation of nanoparticles driven by the manipulation of colloidal stability. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7879-7896. [PMID: 33881098 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01190a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to control the dispersed or aggregated state of colloidal particles is particularly attractive for facilitating a diverse range of smart applications. For this reason, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles have garnered much attention in recent years. Colloidal systems that exhibit multi-stimuli-responsive behaviour are particularly interesting materials due to the greater spatial and temporal control they display in terms of dispersion/aggregation status; such behaviour can be exploited for implant formation, easy separation of a previously dispersed material or for the blocking of unwanted pores. This review will provide an overview of the recent publications regarding multi-stimuli-responsive microgels and hybrid core-shell nanoparticles. These polymer-based nanoparticles are highly sensitive to environmental conditions and can form aggregated clusters due to a loss of colloidal stability, triggered by temperature, pH and ionic strength stimuli. We aim to provide the reader with a discussion of the recent developments in this area, as well as an understanding of the fundamental concepts which underpin the responsive behaviour, and an exploration of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Dominic M Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Edyta Niezabitowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK.
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27
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Nigro V, Angelini R, Bertoldo M, Buratti E, Franco S, Ruzicka B. Chemical-Physical Behaviour of Microgels Made of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of PNIPAM and Poly(acrylic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13091353. [PMID: 33919087 PMCID: PMC8122350 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microgels composed of stimuli responsive polymers have attracted worthwhile interest as model colloids for theorethical and experimental studies and for nanotechnological applications. A deep knowledge of their behaviour is fundamental for the design of new materials. Here we report the current understanding of a dual responsive microgel composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), a temperature sensitive polymer, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), a pH sensitive polymer, at different temperatures, PAAc contents, concentrations, solvents and pH. The combination of multiple techniques as Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Raman spectroscopy, Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), rheology and electrophoretic measurements allow to investigate the hydrodynamic radius behaviour across the typical Volume Phase Transition (VPT), the involved molecular mechanism and the internal particle structure together with the viscoelastic properties and the role of ionic charge in the aggregation phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Nigro
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Roberta Angelini
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 45121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elena Buratti
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
| | - Silvia Franco
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l’Ingegneria (SBAI), Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Ruzicka
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Sede Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy; (V.N.); (E.B.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.A.); (B.R.)
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28
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Importance of pH in Synthesis of pH-Responsive Cationic Nano- and Microgels. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050827. [PMID: 33800332 PMCID: PMC7962641 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
While cationic microgels are potentially useful for the transfection or transformation of cells, their synthesis has certain drawbacks regarding size, polydispersity, yield, and incorporation of the cationic comonomers. In this work, a range of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels with different amounts of the primary amine N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMH) as the cationic comonomer were synthesized. Moreover, the pH-value during reaction was varied for the synthesis of microgels with 10 mol% APMH-feed. The microgels were analyzed by means of their size, thermoresponsive swelling behavior, synthesis yield, polydispersity and APMH-incorporation. The copolymerization of APMH leads to a strong decrease in size and yield of the microgels, while less than one third of the nominal APMH monomer feed is incorporated into the microgels. With an increase of the reaction pH up to 9.5, the negative effects of APMH copolymerization were significantly reduced. Above this pH, synthesis was not feasible due to aggregation. The results show that the reaction pH has a strong influence on the synthesis of pH-responsive cationic microgels and therefore it can be used to tailor the microgel properties.
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Kurt SB, Ayyala RS, Sahiner N. Versatile poly(maltose) micro/nanoparticles with tunable surface functionality as a biomaterial. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha B. Kurt
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus Canakkale Turkey
| | - Ramesh S. Ayyala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioglu Campus Canakkale Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA
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30
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Farias BV, Haeri F, Khan SA. Linking polymer hydrophobicity and molecular interactions to rheology and tribology in phospholipid-containing complex gels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:134-144. [PMID: 33069013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The rheological behavior and frictional properties (macroscopic level) of systems containing a hydrophobically modified polymer and phospholipids depend on the hydrophobic association that occur between the hydrophobic moiety of the polymer and the phospholipid tails (molecular level). The hydrophobicity of the polymer can thus be used to control its interactions with phospholipids, and manipulate complex gel macroscopic behavior. EXPERIMENTS By using systems composed of a crosslinked hydrophobically modified polyacrylic acid (HMPAA) or a crosslinked polyacrylic acid polymer (PAA) and phospholipids, we examine the underlying mechanisms through which the components interact using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and their effect on rheological and tribological characteristics of complex gels. FINDINGS We find the systems containing HMPAA and phospholipid exhibit gel-like behavior with the elastic modulus increasing substantially upon phospholipid addition due to hydrophobic interactions that result in a more interconnected network formation, as evidenced by ITC measurements. Similar experiments with a crosslinked polyacrylic acid polymer (PAA) show no interactions, lending credence to our hypothesis. In addition, soft tribological behavior shows lower friction coefficients at low entrainment speeds with HMPAA concentration and the addition of phospholipid, while no change in friction coefficient was observed in the case of increasing PAA concentration, indicating HMPAA and phospholipids to be interacting with the soft PDMS contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V Farias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Farrah Haeri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Saad A Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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31
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Shanks HR, Wu S, Nguyen NT, Lu D, Saunders BR. Including fluorescent nanoparticle probes within injectable gels for remote strain measurements and discrimination between compression and tension. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1048-1055. [PMID: 33289763 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to remotely and non-invasively monitor and measure the strain within injectable gels used to augment soft tissue is highly desirable. Such information could enable real-time monitoring of gel performance and bespoke gel design. We report progress towards this goal using two fluorescent particle probe systems included within two different injectable gels. The two injectable gels have been previously studied in the contexts of intervertebral disc repair and stretchable gels for cartilage repair. The two fluorophore particle probes are blue or near-infrared (NIR) emitting and are present at very low concentrations. The normalised photoluminescence (PL) intensity from the blue emitting probe is shown to equal the compressive deformation ratio of the gels. Furthermore, the normalised ratio of the PL intensities for the blue and NIR probes varies linearly with deformation ratio over a wide range (from 0.2 to 3.0) with a seamless transition from compression to tension. Hence, PL can discriminate between compression and tension. The new approach established here should apply to other gels and enable remote detection of whether a gel is being compressed or stretched as well as the extent. This study may provide an important step towards remotely and minimally invasively measuring the strain experienced by load-supporting gels in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R Shanks
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Nishizawa Y, Minato H, Inui T, Uchihashi T, Suzuki D. Nanostructures, Thermoresponsiveness, and Assembly Mechanism of Hydrogel Microspheres during Aqueous Free-Radical Precipitation Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:151-159. [PMID: 33355463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although techniques to produce uniformly sized hydrogel microspheres (microgels) by aqueous free-radical precipitation polymerization are well established, the details of the polymerization process remain mysterious. In the present study, the structural evolution and thermoresponsiveness of the developing microgels during the polymerization were evaluated by temperature-controlled high-speed atomic force microscopy. This analysis clarified that the swelling properties of the precursor microgels formed in the early stages of the polymerization are quite low due to the high incorporation of cross-linkers and that non-thermoresponsive deca-nanosized spherical domains are already present in the precursor microgels. Furthermore, we succeeded in tracking the formation of nuclei and their growth process, which has never been fully understood, in aqueous solution by real-time observations. These findings will help us to design functional microgels with the desired nanostructures via precipitation polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Haruka Minato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takumi Inui
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics and Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chiksusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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33
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Sung B, Kim M, Abelmann L. Magnetic microgels and nanogels: Physical mechanisms and biomedical applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10190. [PMID: 33532590 PMCID: PMC7823133 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft micro- and nanostructures have been extensively developed for biomedical applications. The main focus has been on multifunctional composite materials that combine the advantages of hydrogels and colloidal particles. Magnetic microgels and nanogels can be realized by hybridizing stimuli-sensitive gels and magnetic nanoparticles. They are of particular interest since they can be controlled in a wide range of biological environments by using magnetic fields. In this review, we elucidate physical principles underlying the design of magnetic microgels and nanogels for biomedical applications. Particularly, this article provides a comprehensive and conceptual overview on the correlative structural design and physical functionality of the magnetic gel systems under the concept of colloidal biodevices. To this end, we begin with an overview of physicochemical mechanisms related to stimuli-responsive hydrogels and transport phenomena and summarize the magnetic properties of inorganic nanoparticles. On the basis of the engineering principles, we categorize and summarize recent advances in magnetic hybrid microgels and nanogels, with emphasis on the biomedical applications of these materials. Potential applications of these hybrid microgels and nanogels in anticancer treatment, protein therapeutics, gene therapy, bioseparation, biocatalysis, and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities in the design of smart colloidal biodevices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baeckkyoung Sung
- KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbHSaarbrückenGermany
- Department of Biological SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
- Division of Energy and Environment TechnologyUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Min‐Ho Kim
- Department of Biological SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
| | - Leon Abelmann
- KIST Europe Forschungsgesellschaft mbHSaarbrückenGermany
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
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34
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Hoppe Alvarez L, Rudov AA, Gumerov RA, Lenssen P, Simon U, Potemkin II, Wöll D. Controlling microgel deformation via deposition method and surface functionalization of solid supports. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4927-4934. [PMID: 33620358 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Soft matter at solid-liquid interfaces plays an important role in multiple scientific disciplines as well as in various technological fields. For microgels, representing highly interesting soft matter systems, we demonstrate that the preparation method, i.e. the way how the microgel is applied to the specific surface, plays a key role. Focusing on the three most common sample preparation methods (spin-coating, drop-casting and adsorption from solution), we performed a comparative study of the deformation behavior of microgels at the solid-liquid interface on three different surfaces with varying hydrophilicities. For in situ visualization of the deformation of pNIPMAM microgels, we conducted highly sensitive 3D super resolution fluorescence microscopy methods. We furthermore performed complementary molecular dynamics simulations to determine the driving force responsible for the deformation depending on the surface and the deposition method. The combination of experiments and simulations revealed that the simulated equilibrium structure obtained after simulation of the completely dry microgel after deposition is retained after rehydration and subsequent fluorescent imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hoppe Alvarez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrey A Rudov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation and DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation and DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pia Lenssen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1 a, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation and DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany and National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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35
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Lin X, Wang R, Mai S. Advances in delivery systems for the therapeutic application of LL37. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Kong F, Tian D, Zhou J, Yue D, Bai Y, Yu Z, Duan J, Wang G, Pan J. Efficiently improving solid tumor therapy through shrinking the extracellular matrix and promoting drug transport in tumor tissue via simple and known functional materials. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Danyang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Yuying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Zhaojiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Jiayi Duan
- Department of Biology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
| | - Jun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science & Technology Ministry of Education State & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants College of Bioengineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
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37
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Mehrabian H, Snoeijer JH, Harting J. Desorption energy of soft particles from a fluid interface. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8655-8666. [PMID: 32857082 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of soft particles to stabilize emulsions is examined by measuring their desorption free energy, i.e., the mechanical work required to detach the particle from a fluid interface. Here, we consider rubber-like elastic as well as microgel particles, using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The energy of desorption is computed for two and three-dimensional configurations by means of the mean thermodynamic integration method. It is shown that the softness affects the particle-interface binding in two opposing directions as compared to rigid particles. On the one hand, a soft particle spreads at the interface and thereby removes a larger unfavorable liquid-liquid contact area compared to rigid particles. On the other hand, softness provides the particle with an additional degree of freedom to get reshaped instead of deforming the interface, resulting in a smaller restoring force during the detachment. It is shown that the first effect prevails so that a soft spherical particle attaches to the fluid interface more strongly than rigid spheres. Finally, we consider microgel particles both in the swollen and in the collapsed state. Surprisingly, we find that the latter has a larger binding energy. All results are rationalised using thermodynamic arguments and thereby offer detailed insights into the desorption energy of soft particles from fluid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mehrabian
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Physics of Fluids Group and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands and Chemical Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacco H Snoeijer
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Physics of Fluids Group and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Harting
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands and Physics of Fluids Group and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands and Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Fürther Str. 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany. and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fürther Straße 248, 90429 Nürnberg, Germany
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38
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Zhu M, Lu D, Lian Q, Wu S, Wang W, Lyon LA, Wang W, Bártolo P, Dickinson M, Saunders BR. Highly swelling pH-responsive microgels for dual mode near infra-red fluorescence reporting and imaging. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:4261-4271. [PMID: 36132786 PMCID: PMC9419105 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Near infra-red (NIR) fluorescence is a desirable property for probe particles because such deeply penetrating light enables remote reporting of the local environment in complex surroundings and imaging. Here, two NIR non-radiative energy transfer (NRET) fluorophores (Cy5 and Cy5.5) are coupled to preformed pH-responsive poly(ethylacrylate-methacrylic acid-divinylbenzene) microgel particles (PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MGs) to obtain new NIR fluorescent probes that are cytocompatible and swell strongly. NIR ratiometric photoluminescence (PL) intensity analysis enables reporting of pH-triggered PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MG particle swelling ratios over a very wide range (from 1-90). The dispersions have greatly improved colloidal stability compared to a reference temperature-responsive NIR MG based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNP-5/5.5). We also show that the wavelength of maximum PL intensity (λ max) is a second PL parameter that enables remote reporting of swelling for both PEA-MAA-5/5.5 and PNP-5/5.5 MGs. After internalization the PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MGs are successfully imaged in stem cells using NIR light. They are also imaged after subcutaneous injection into model tissue using NIR light. The new NIR PEA-MAA-5/5.5 MGs have excellent potential for reporting their swelling states (and any changes) within physiological settings as well as very high ionic strength environments (e.g., waste water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingning Zhu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Qing Lian
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Shanglin Wu
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Wenkai Wang
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - L Andrew Lyon
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
- Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Paulo Bártolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Mark Dickinson
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Brian R Saunders
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, MSS Tower Manchester M13 9PL UK
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39
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Czerniecka-Kubicka A, Zarzyka I, Pyda M. Long-Term Physical Aging Tracked by Advanced Thermal Analysis of Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide): A Smart Polymer for Drug Delivery System. Molecules 2020; 25:E3810. [PMID: 32825687 PMCID: PMC7503768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA), as a smart polymer, can be applied for drug delivery systems. This amorphous polymer can be exposed on a structural recovery process during the storage and transport of medicaments. For the physical aging times up to one year, the structural recovery for PNIPA was studied by advanced thermal analysis. The structural recovery process occurred during the storage of amorphous PNIPA below glass transition and could be monitored by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The enthalpy relaxation (recovery) was observed as overshoot in change heat capacity at the glass transition region in the DSC during heating scan. The physical aging of PNIPA was studied isothermally at 400.15 K and also in the non-isothermal conditions. For the first time, the structural recovery process was analyzed in reference to absolute heat capacity and integral enthalpy in frame of their equilibrium solid and liquid PNIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czerniecka-Kubicka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical College of Rzeszow University, The University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Iwona Zarzyka
- Department of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.P.)
| | - Marek Pyda
- Department of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (I.Z.); (M.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
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Sattari A, Hanafizadeh P, Hoorfar M. Multiphase flow in microfluidics: From droplets and bubbles to the encapsulated structures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 282:102208. [PMID: 32721624 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have a unique ability to control more precisely and effectively on two-phase flow systems in comparison with macro systems. Controlling the size of the droplets and bubbles has led to an ever-increasing expansion of this technology in two-phase systems. Liquid-liquid and gas-liquid two-phase flows because of their numerous applications in different branches such as reactions, synthesis, emulsions, cosmetic, food, drug delivery, etc. have been the most critical two-phase flows in microfluidic systems. This review highlights recent progress in two-phase flows in microfluidic devices. The fundamentals of two-phase flows, including some essential dimensionless numbers, governing equations, and some most well-known numerical methods are firstly introduced, followed by a review of standard methods for producing segmented flows such as emulsions in microfluidic systems. Then various encapsulated structures, a common two-phase flow structure in microfluidic devices, and different methods of their production are reviewed. Finally, applications of two-phase microfluidic flows in drug-delivery, biotechnology, mixing, and microreactors are briefly discussed.
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41
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Gavrilov AA, Rudyak VY, Chertovich AV. Computer simulation of the core-shell microgels synthesis via precipitation polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 574:393-398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Aguirre-Manzo LA, González-Mozuelos P. Volume transition effects on the correlations and effective interactions among highly charged microgels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5081-5093. [PMID: 32458939 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental studies have demonstrated the huge influence that the volume phase transition (VPT) has on the collective structure of highly charged thermo-responsive microgels in aqueous solution with low concentrations of added monovalent salt, thus opening a promising new route for controlling the overall properties of practical colloidal suspensions. We present here an analysis of this structure based on the effective electrostatic potential obtained with the exact methodology of the dressed ion theory (DIT). Starting with a description at the primitive model level, we determine the correlations among the components of our model system (macroions plus monovalent anions and cations) by utilizing the two-density integral equation theory, thus allowing us to consider realistic values for the microgel charges. The resulting microgel structure factors show a good agreement with the reported light scattering measurements, whereas the microscopic pair distributions reveal that in this regime the shrunken states promote an enhanced counterion absorption into the microgels. This packing of counterions inside the microgels induces strongly non-linear correlations among the microions, and in turn provokes a substantial weakening of the microgel-microgel correlations. The ensuing effective interactions are then obtained by contracting the description to the level in which only the macroions are present. We find not only that the magnitude and reach of the corresponding pair potentials are markedly inhibited in the shrunken states, but also that their general form diverges from the conventional screened Coulomb shape. This makes it necessary to rethink the concepts of effective charge and screening length.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Aguirre-Manzo
- Departamento de Física, Cinvestav del I. P. N., Av., Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Ciudad de México, C. P. 07360, Mexico.
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Tran TN, Piogé S, Fontaine L, Pascual S. Hydrogen‐Bonding UCST‐Thermosensitive Nanogels by Direct Photo‐RAFT Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Dispersion. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000203. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Nga Tran
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du MansUMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université Avenue Olivier Messiaen Le Mans Cedex 72085 France
| | - Sandie Piogé
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du MansUMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université Avenue Olivier Messiaen Le Mans Cedex 72085 France
| | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du MansUMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université Avenue Olivier Messiaen Le Mans Cedex 72085 France
| | - Sagrario Pascual
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du MansUMR 6283 CNRS–Le Mans Université Avenue Olivier Messiaen Le Mans Cedex 72085 France
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Mutharani B, Ranganathan P, Chen SM, Chen TW, Ali MA, Mahmoud AH. Sonochemical synthesis of novel thermo-responsive polymer and tungsten dioxide composite for the temperature-controlled reversible "on-off" electrochemical detection of β-Blocker metoprolol. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 64:105008. [PMID: 32106067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive polymer nanocomposite based on poly (styrene-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) hybrid tungsten dioxide (WO2@PS-co-PNIPAM) was synthesized by a facile ultrasonic irradiation (Frequency; 20 kHz, power; 180 W, calorimetrically determined power; 5.73 W in the bath, and Type; probe) method in the presence of water as inisolv. The as-synthesized WO2@PS-co-PNIPAM modified glassy carbon electrode (WO2@PS-co-PNIPAM/GCE) was acting as a reversibly switched detection for the electrooxidation of metoprolol (MTP), with the thermal stimuli response of the PNIPAM. In below lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the PS-co-PNIPAM expanded to embed the electroactive sites of WO2, and the MTP could not proceed via the polymer to attain electronic transfer, indicating the "off" state. Rather, in above LCST, the PS-co-PNIPAM shrank to reveal electroactive sites and expand cyclic voltammetric background peak currents, the MTP was capable to undergo electro-oxidation reaction usually and produce the response current, indicating "on" state. Additionally, the proposed sensor had excellent sensitivity (2.21 µA µM-1 cm-2), wide dynamic range (0.05-306 µM), and a low limit of detection of 0.03 µM for MTP. Intriguingly, the fabricated sensor demonstrates the good selectivity towards the detection of MTP among the possible interfering compounds. Eventually, the WO2@PS-co-PNIPAM/GCE has been utilized in the analysis of MTP in human blood serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanenthiran Mutharani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Palraj Ranganathan
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China; Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - M Ajmal Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hossam Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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45
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Schäfer D, Fink F, Kleinschmidt D, Keisers K, Thomas F, Hoffmann A, Pich A, Herres-Pawlis S. Enhanced catalytic activity of copper complexes in microgels for aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5601-5604. [PMID: 32355940 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Catalytically active copper bis(pyrazolyl)methane complexes have been anchored into pVCL-GMA microgels on specified positions within the microgel network. Functionalized microgels act as nanoreactors providing a tailored environment and stabilization for the copper complexes thus increasing the product yield. The oxidation of benzyl alcohols to their respective aldehydes was chosen as a test reaction to show the enhancement of catalytic activity due to the immobilization of the copper complex compared to the copper salt and the molecular copper complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Schäfer
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Fink
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Denise Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials (DWI), Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristina Keisers
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Thomas
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andrij Pich
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany. and Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials (DWI), Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany and Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Maastricht University, Brightlands Chemelot Campus, Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Chair of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Roghmans F, Evdochenko E, Martí-Calatayud M, Garthe M, Tiwari R, Walther A, Wessling M. On the permselectivity of cation-exchange membranes bearing an ion selective coating. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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47
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Smart microgels as drug delivery vehicles for the natural drug aescin: uptake, release and interactions. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04632-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AbstractIn the present study, we show how acrylamide-based microgels can be employed for the uptake and release of the drug β-aescin, a widely used natural product with a variety of pharmacological effects. We show how aescin is incorporated into the microgel particles. It has an important influence on the structure of the microgels, by reducing their natural network-density gradient in the swollen state. Moreover, temperature-dependent measurements reveal how the incorporation of aescin stabilizes the microgel particles, while the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) is almost constant, which is very important for the intended drug release. Finally, it is shown that upon increase of the temperature above the VPTT the particles are able to release aescin from their network, encouraging the use of this particular drug delivery system for hypothermia treatments.
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Fan TF, Park S, Shi Q, Zhang X, Liu Q, Song Y, Chin H, Ibrahim MSB, Mokrzecka N, Yang Y, Li H, Song J, Suresh S, Cho NJ. Transformation of hard pollen into soft matter. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1449. [PMID: 32193375 PMCID: PMC7081183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15294-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollen’s practically-indestructible shell structure has long inspired the biomimetic design of organic materials. However, there is limited understanding of how the mechanical, chemical, and adhesion properties of pollen are biologically controlled and whether strategies can be devised to manipulate pollen beyond natural performance limits. Here, we report a facile approach to transform pollen grains into soft microgel by remodeling pollen shells. Marked alterations to the pollen substructures led to environmental stimuli responsiveness, which reveal how the interplay of substructure-specific material properties dictates microgel swelling behavior. Our investigation of pollen grains from across the plant kingdom further showed that microgel formation occurs with tested pollen species from eudicot plants. Collectively, our experimental and computational results offer fundamental insights into how tuning pollen structure can cause dramatic alterations to material properties, and inspire future investigation into understanding how the material science of pollen might influence plant reproductive success. Pollen is an abundant material; but, currently has limited applications. Here, the authors turn pollen grains into soft microgel by de-esterification of pectin molecules and explore the mechanical and structural changes of the pollen grains using physical and modelling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Fan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Soohyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qian Shi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qimin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yoohyun Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hokyun Chin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mohammed Shahrudin Bin Ibrahim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Natalia Mokrzecka
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hua Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Juha Song
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
| | - Subra Suresh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. .,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
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Cors M, Wiehemeier L, Wrede O, Feoktystov A, Cousin F, Hellweg T, Oberdisse J. Contrast variation SANS measurement of shell monomer density profiles of smart core-shell microgels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1922-1930. [PMID: 31995091 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The radial density profile of deuterated poly(N,n-propyl acrylamide) shell monomers within core-shell microgels has been studied by small-angle neutron scattering in order to shed light on the origin of their linear thermally-induced swelling. The poly(N-isopropyl methacrylamide) core monomers have been contrast-matched by the H2O/D2O solvent mixture, and the intensity thus provides a direct measurement of the spatial distribution of the shell monomers. Straightforward modelling shows that their structure does not correspond to the expected picture of a well-defined external shell. A multi-shell model solved by a reverse Monte Carlo approach is then applied to extract the monomer density as a function of temperature and of the core crosslinking. It is found that most shell monomers fill the core at high temperatures approaching synthesis conditions of collapsed particles, forming only a dilute corona. As the core monomers tend to swell at lower temperatures, a skeleton of insoluble shell monomers hinders swelling, inducing the progressive linear thermoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Cors
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. and Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Lars Wiehemeier
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Oliver Wrede
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum MLZ, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabrice Cousin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, UMR 12 CEA/CNRS, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
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50
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Wang H, Lin M, Zhao Q, Xu C, Dong Z, Yang Z, Zhang J. Fabrication, formation mechanism, and thermal degradation process of AM/AMPS/NVP terpolymeric microspheres with different microstructures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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