1
|
Li J, Cheng C, Zhang J. An analysis of AURKB's prognostic and immunological roles across various cancers. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18475. [PMID: 38898693 PMCID: PMC11187167 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase B (AURKB), an essential regulator in the process of mitosis, has been revealed through various studies to have a significant role in cancer development and progression. However, the specific mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study, therefore, seeks to elucidate the multifaceted role of AURKB in diverse cancer types. This study utilized bioinformatics techniques to examine the transcript, protein, promoter methylation and mutation levels of AURKB. The study further analysed associations between AURKB and factors such as prognosis, pathological stage, biological function, immune infiltration, tumour mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). In addition, immunohistochemical staining data of 50 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma and its adjacent normal tissues were collected to verify the difference in protein expression of AURKB in the two tissues. The results show that AURKB is highly expressed in most cancers, and the protein level of AURKB and the methylation level of its promoter vary among cancer types. Survival analysis showed that AURKB was associated with overall survival in 12 cancer types and progression-free survival in 11 cancer types. Elevated levels of AURKB were detected in the advanced stages of 10 different cancers. AURKB has a potential impact on cancer progression through its effects on cell cycle regulation as well as inflammatory and immune-related pathways. We observed a strong association between AURKB and immune cell infiltration, immunomodulatory factors, TMB and MSI. Importantly, we confirmed that the AURKB protein is highly expressed in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Our study reveals that AURKB may be a potential biomarker for pan-cancer and KIRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbuChina
| | - Cui Cheng
- Department of Gynaecological OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbuChina
| | - Jiajun Zhang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical UniversityBengbuChina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pinheiro MM, Pinheiro FMM, Diniz SN. Comment on Narsale et al. Th2 cell clonal expansion at diagnosis in human type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol. 2023 Oct 29. Clin Immunol 2024; 258:109873. [PMID: 38122839 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
|
3
|
Narsale A, Almanza F, Tran T, Lam B, Seo D, Vu A, Long SA, Cooney L, Serti E, Davies JD. Th2 cell clonal expansion at diagnosis in human type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2023; 257:109829. [PMID: 37907122 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Soon after diagnosis with type 1 diabetes (T1D), many patients experience a period of partial remission. A longer partial remission is associated with a better response to treatment, but the mechanism is not known. The frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127hi (127-hi) cells, a cell subset with an anti-inflammatory Th2 bias, correlates positively with length of partial remission. The purpose of this study was to further characterize the nature of the Th2 bias in 127-hi cells. Single cell RNA sequencing paired with TCR sequencing of sorted 127-hi memory cells identifies clonally expanded Th2 clusters in 127-hi cells from T1D, but not from healthy donors. The Th2 clusters express GATA3, GATA3-AS1, PTGDR2, IL17RB, IL4R and IL9R. The existence of 127-hi Th2 cell clonal expansion in T1D suggests that disease factors may induce clonal expansion of 127-hi Th2 cells that prolong partial remission and delay disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Narsale
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Francisco Almanza
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Theo Tran
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Breanna Lam
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - David Seo
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alisa Vu
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - S Alice Long
- Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9(th) Ave, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
| | | | | | - Joanna D Davies
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mahmoud M, Abdel-Rasheed M. Influence of type 2 diabetes and obesity on adipose mesenchymal stem/stromal cell immunoregulation. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:33-53. [PMID: 37462786 PMCID: PMC10558386 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), associated with obesity, represents a state of metabolic inflammation and oxidative stress leading to insulin resistance and progressive insulin deficiency. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are adult mesenchymal stem/stromal cells identified within the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue. These cells can regulate the immune system and possess anti-inflammatory properties. ASCs are a potential therapeutic modality for inflammatory diseases including T2D. Patient-derived (autologous) rather than allogeneic ASCs may be a relatively safer approach in clinical perspectives, to avoid occasional anti-donor immune responses. However, patient characteristics such as body mass index (BMI), inflammatory status, and disease duration and severity may limit the therapeutic utility of ASCs. The current review presents human ASC (hASC) immunoregulatory mechanisms with special emphasis on those related to T lymphocytes, hASC implications in T2D treatment, and the impact of T2D and obesity on hASC immunoregulatory potential. hASCs can modulate the proliferation, activation, and functions of diverse innate and adaptive immune cells via direct cell-to-cell contact and secretion of paracrine mediators and extracellular vesicles. Preclinical studies recommend the therapeutic potential of hASCs to improve inflammation and metabolic indices in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2D disease model. Discordant data have been reported to unravel intact or detrimentally affected immunomodulatory functions of ASCs, isolated from patients with obesity and/or T2D patients, in vitro and in vivo. Numerous preconditioning strategies have been introduced to potentiate hASC immunomodulation; they are also discussed here as possible options to potentiate the immunoregulatory functions of hASCs isolated from patients with obesity and T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mahmoud
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt.
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mazen Abdel-Rasheed
- Stem Cell Research Group, Medical Research Centre of Excellence, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, 12622, Cairo Governorate, Egypt
- Department of Reproductive Health Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barnwal A, Tamang R, Sanjeev Das, Bhattacharyya J. Ponatinib delays the growth of solid tumours by remodelling immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment through the inhibition of induced PD-L1 expression. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1007-1021. [PMID: 37400678 PMCID: PMC10491662 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic modalities including chemo, radiation, immunotherapy, etc. induce PD-L1 expression that facilitates the adaptive immune resistance to evade the antitumour immune response. IFN-γ and hypoxia are some of the crucial inducers of PD-L1 expression in tumour and systemic microenvironment which regulate the expression of PD-L1 via various factors including HIF-1α and MAPK signalling. Hence, inhibition of these factors is crucial to regulate the induced PD-L1 expression and to achieve a durable therapeutic outcome by averting the immunosuppression. METHODS B16-F10 melanoma, 4T1 breast carcinoma, and GL261 glioblastoma murine models were established to investigate the in vivo antitumour efficacy of Ponatinib. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were performed to determine the effect of Ponatinib on the immunomodulation of tumour microenvironment (TME). CTL assay and flow cytometry were such as p-MAPK, p-JNK, p-Erk, and cleaved caspase-3 carried out to evaluate the systemic immunity induced by Ponatinib. RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were used to determine the mechanism of PD-L1 regulation by Ponatinib. Antitumour immunity induced by Ponatinib were compared with Dasatinib. RESULTS Here, Ponatinib treatment delayed the growth of tumours by inhibiting PD-L1 and modulating TME. It also downregulated the level of PD-L1 downstream signalling molecules. Ponatinib enhanced the CD8 T cell infiltration, regulated Th1/Th2 ratio and depleted tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) in TME. It induced a favourable systemic antitumour immunity by enhancing CD8 T cell population, tumour specific CTL activity, balancing the Th1/Th2 ratio and lowering PD-L1 expression. Ponatinib inhibited FoxP3 expression in tumour and spleen. RNA sequencing data revealed that Ponatinib treatment downregulated the genes related to transcription including HIF-1α. Further mechanistic studies showed that it inhibited the IFN-γ and hypoxia induced PD-L1 expression via regulating HIF-1α. Dasatinib was used as control to prove that Ponatinib induced antitumour immunity is via PD-L1 inhibition mediated T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS RNA sequencing data along with rigorous in vitro and in vivo studies revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which Ponatinib can inhibit the induced PD-L1 levels via regulating HIF-1α expression which leads to modulation of tumour microenvironment. Thus, our study provides a novel therapeutic insight of Ponatinib for the treatment of solid tumours where it can be used alone or in combination with other drugs which are known to induce PD-L1 expression and generate adaptive resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Barnwal
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Das
- National Institute of Immunology, Delhi, India
| | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi, India.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Huang P, Xu M, Zhao Q, Xu Y, Han S, Li H, Wang Y. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in healthy adults. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152899. [PMID: 37559719 PMCID: PMC10407550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly pathogenic to humans and has caused the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccines are one of the efficient ways to prevent the viral infection. After COVID-19 vaccination, the monitoring of the dynamic change in neutralizing antibodies is necessary to determine booster requirements. Methods We estimated the effectiveness of the inactivated vaccines by monitoring dynamic SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies for over 2 years. Additionally, we also investigated the activation of T lymphocytes (CD3+ T cells) after three doses of the inactivated vaccine. Result The results showed that the rate of reduction of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels gradually showed after each booster dose. The IgG/IgM level at 9 months after the third vaccination were significantly higher than those at 6 months after the second dose (p<0.0001). The expression of CD25+T cell in 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Nine months after the third dose (the time of last blood sample collection), the expression of CD25+T cell in the 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that at 6 months after the second dose. CD25+T cell in the 18-35 years old group was significantly higher than 6 months after the second vaccination. Conclusion CD25, a late activation marker of lymphocytes and high-activity memory T cell subgroup, exhibited higher levels at the later stages after vaccination. COVID-19 booster vaccination in older adults and regular testing of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are recommended. Booster doses should be administered if the antibody level falls below the 30% inhibition rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjie Xu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihui Xu
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyi Han
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huanjie Li
- Institute of Medical Sciences, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Center of Basic Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Homdedeu M, Sanchez-Moral L, Violán C, Ràfols N, Ouchi D, Martín B, Peinado MA, Rodríguez-Cortés A, Arch-Sisquella M, Perez-Zsolt D, Muñoz-Basagoiti J, Izquierdo-Useros N, Salvador B, Matllo J, López-Serrano S, Segalés J, Vilaplana C, Torán-Monserrat P, Morros R, Monfà R, Sarrias MR, Cardona PJ. Mycobacterium manresensis induces trained immunity in vitro. iScience 2023; 26:106873. [PMID: 37250788 PMCID: PMC10182650 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic posed a global health crisis, with new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants weakening vaccine-driven protection. Trained immunity could help tackle COVID-19 disease. Our objective was to analyze whether heat-killed Mycobacterium manresensis (hkMm), an environmental mycobacterium, induces trained immunity and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. To this end, THP-1 cells and primary monocytes were trained with hkMm. The increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-10, metabolic activity, and changes in epigenetic marks suggested hkMm-induced trained immunity in vitro. Healthcare workers at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled into the MANRECOVID19 clinical trial (NCT04452773) and were administered Nyaditum resae (NR, containing hkMm) or placebo. No significant differences in monocyte inflammatory responses or the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection were found between the groups, although NR modified the profile of circulating immune cell populations. Our results show that M. manresensis induces trained immunity in vitro but not in vivo when orally administered as NR daily for 14 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel de Homdedeu
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Moral
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Concepció Violán
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- North Metropolitan Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
- Northern Metropolitan Primary Care Management, Catalan Institute of Health, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Neus Ràfols
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Martín
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Peinado
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Alhelí Rodríguez-Cortés
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Veterinary Faculty, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Arch-Sisquella
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | | | | | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Betlem Salvador
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Matllo
- Department of Prevention and Risks, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Northern Metropolitan Territorial Management, Catalan Health Institute, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergi López-Serrano
- Joint IRTA-UAB Research Unit in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Center (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, Animal Health Program, Animal Health Research Center (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Joint IRTA-UAB Research Unit in Animal Health, Animal Health Research Center (CReSA), Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cristina Vilaplana
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Direcció Clínica Territorial de Malalties Infeccioses i Salut Internacional de Gerència Territorial Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
- North Metropolitan Research Support Unit, Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
- Northern Metropolitan Primary Care Management, Catalan Institute of Health, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Monfà
- Jordi Gol University Research Institute in Primary Care, 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere-Joan Cardona
- Experimental Tuberculosis Unit, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Laboratori Clínic Metropolitana Nord, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Walker EM, Merino KM, Slisarenko N, Grasperge BF, Mehra S, Roy CJ, Kaushal D, Rout N. Impact of SIV infection on mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cell responses in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) inoculated macaques. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085786. [PMID: 36726992 PMCID: PMC9885173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although BCG vaccine protects infants from tuberculosis (TB), it has limited efficacy in adults against pulmonary TB. Further, HIV coinfection significantly increases the risk of developing active TB. In the lack of defined correlates of protection in TB disease, it is essential to explore immune responses beyond conventional CD4 T cells to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of TB immunity. Methods Here, we evaluated unconventional lipid-reactive T cell responses in cynomolgus macaques following aerosol BCG inoculation and examined the impact of subsequent SIV infection on these responses. Immune responses to cellular lipids of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis were examined ex vivo in peripheral blood and bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL). Results Prior to BCG inoculation, innate-like IFN-γ responses to mycobacterial lipids were observed in T cells. Aerosol BCG exposure induced an early increase in frequencies of BAL γδT cells, a dominant subset of lipid-reactive T cells, along with enhanced IL-7R and CXCR3 expression. Further, BCG exposure stimulated greater IFN-γ responses to mycobacterial lipids in peripheral blood and BAL, suggesting the induction of systemic and local Th1-type response in lipid-reactive T cells. Subsequent SIV infection resulted in a significant loss of IL-7R expression on blood and BAL γδT cells. Additionally, IFN-γ responses of mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cells in BAL fluid were significantly lower in SIV-infected macaques, while perforin production was maintained through chronic SIV infection. Conclusions Overall, these data suggest that despite SIV-induced decline in IL-7R expression and IFN-γ production by mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cells, their cytolytic potential is maintained. A deeper understanding of anti-mycobacterial lipid-reactive T cell functions may inform novel approaches to enhance TB control in individuals with or without HIV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edith M. Walker
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Kristen M. Merino
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Nadia Slisarenko
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Brooke F. Grasperge
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Chad J. Roy
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Namita Rout
- Division of Microbiology at Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bernitsa S, Dayan R, Stephanou A, Tzvetanova ID, Patrikios IS. Natural biomolecules and derivatives as anticancer immunomodulatory agents. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1070367. [PMID: 36700235 PMCID: PMC9868674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1070367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in chemotherapy, the issue of resistance and non-responsiveness to many chemotherapeutic drugs that are currently in clinical use still remains. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has gathered attention as a novel treatment against select cancers. Immunomodulation is also emerging as an effective strategy to improve efficacy. Natural phytochemicals, with known anticancer properties, been reported to mediate their effects by modulating both traditional cancer pathways and immunity. The mechanism of phytochemical mediated-immunomodulatory activity may be attributed to the remodeling of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and the sensitization of the immune system. This allows for improved recognition and targeting of cancer cells by the immune system and synergy with chemotherapeutics. In this review, we will discuss several well-known plant-derived biomolecules and examine their potential as immunomodulators, and therefore, as novel immunotherapies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rotem Dayan
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
de León UAP, Vázquez-Jiménez A, Matadamas-Guzmán M, Resendis-Antonio O. Boolean modeling reveals that cyclic attractors in macrophage polarization serve as reservoirs of states to balance external perturbations from the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012730. [PMID: 36544764 PMCID: PMC9760798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic attractors generated from Boolean models may explain the adaptability of a cell in response to a dynamical complex tumor microenvironment. In contrast to this idea, we postulate that cyclic attractors in certain cases could be a systemic mechanism to face the perturbations coming from the environment. To justify our conjecture, we present a dynamic analysis of a highly curated transcriptional regulatory network of macrophages constrained into a cancer microenvironment. We observed that when M1-associated transcription factors (STAT1 or NF-κB) are perturbed and the microenvironment balances to a hyper-inflammation condition, cycle attractors activate genes whose signals counteract this effect implicated in tissue damage. The same behavior happens when the M2-associated transcription factors are disturbed (STAT3 or STAT6); cycle attractors will prevent a hyper-regulation scenario implicated in providing a suitable environment for tumor growth. Therefore, here we propose that cyclic macrophage phenotypes can serve as a reservoir for balancing the phenotypes when a specific phenotype-based transcription factor is perturbed in the regulatory network of macrophages. We consider that cyclic attractors should not be simply ignored, but it is necessary to carefully evaluate their biological importance. In this work, we suggest one conjecture: the cyclic attractors can serve as a reservoir to balance the inflammatory/regulatory response of the network under external perturbations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Avila-Ponce de León
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aarón Vázquez-Jiménez
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Meztli Matadamas-Guzmán
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Osbaldo Resendis-Antonio
- Human Systems Biology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Coordinación de la Investigación Científica – Red de Apoyo a la Investigación - Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Liu J. The Prognostic and Immunotherapeutic Significance of AHSA1 in Pan-Cancer, and Its Relationship With the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:845585. [PMID: 35757728 PMCID: PMC9226343 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The AHSA1 is a main activator of ATPase of Hsp90. Hsp90 is involved in various metabolic and developmental processes of tumor cells. Although, the role of AHSA1 in tumor cells is still unrecognized. In the current research, the RNA-seq of 33 tumors were downloaded using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for the analysis of AHSA1 expression in tumors. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the evaluation of the prognostic significance of AHSA1 in patients with pan-cancer. Additionally, the correlation between AHSA1 and immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint, pyroptosis-related molecules, epithelial cell transformation-related molecules, and autophagy-related molecules were analyzed by co-expression. Furthermore, we examined the effect of AHSA1 knockdown on cell function in Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. According to the finding of this study, up-regulation of AHSA1 expression was observed in numerous tumor tissues, and its over-expression in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) could affect the overall survival and disease-specific survival of the patients. Meanwhile, as per the correlation analysis the expression of AHSA1 was greatly correlated with the expression of various immune cell infiltrates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor mutation load, and microsatellite instability. Moreover, this study focused on analyzing the association of AHSA1 expression with multiple pathological stages in HCC, and confirmed that AHSA1 was an independent prognostic factor of HCC by univariate and multivariate COX regression in TCGA and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohorts. At the same time, cellular experiments proved that the AHSA1 knockdown could decrease the proliferation activity, cell migration and invasion ability of HCC cells. Therefore, the results of this study indicated that AHSA1 can be used as a potential prognostic biomarker of tumors and it may have a significant role in the proliferation as well as migration of HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Medical Research Center, Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mirzaei R, Sabokroo N, Ahmadyousefi Y, Motamedi H, Karampoor S. Immunometabolism in biofilm infection: lessons from cancer. Mol Med 2022; 28:10. [PMID: 35093033 PMCID: PMC8800364 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix, which can colonize different human cells and tissues and subvert the host immune reactions by preventing immune detection and polarizing the immune reactions towards an anti-inflammatory state, promoting the persistence of biofilm-embedded bacteria in the host. MAIN BODY OF THE MANUSCRIPT It is now well established that the function of immune cells is ultimately mediated by cellular metabolism. The immune cells are stimulated to regulate their immune functions upon sensing danger signals. Recent studies have determined that immune cells often display distinct metabolic alterations that impair their immune responses when triggered. Such metabolic reprogramming and its physiological implications are well established in cancer situations. In bacterial infections, immuno-metabolic evaluations have primarily focused on macrophages and neutrophils in the planktonic growth mode. CONCLUSION Based on differences in inflammatory reactions of macrophages and neutrophils in planktonic- versus biofilm-associated bacterial infections, studies must also consider the metabolic functions of immune cells against biofilm infections. The profound characterization of the metabolic and immune cell reactions could offer exciting novel targets for antibiofilm therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Sabokroo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Motamedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
You L, Cha S, Kim MY, Cho JY. Ginsenosides are active ingredients in Panax ginseng with immunomodulatory properties from cellular to organismal levels. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:711-721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
14
|
Zhou L, Zhang L, Chen S, Sun D, Qu J. Elevated Neddylation Pathway Promotes Th2 Cells Infiltration by Transactivating STAT5A in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:709170. [PMID: 34804916 PMCID: PMC8602568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.709170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neddylation is a process in which a ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 is conjugated to a lysine residue of the substrate protein via successive enzymatic cascade reactions. Inactivation of neddylation pathway triggers tumor cell apoptosis or senescence to suppress the tumor growth. So far, there has been limited research on the role of the neddylation pathway (NEDD8-UBE2M-RBX1 axis) in the immune response. In this study, we investigated the association between the neddylation pathway and immune function in HCC by comprehensively analyzing transcriptome and clinical data of HCC samples from TCGA database. The analysis showed that the mRNA expression of neddylation pathway components was up-regulated in HCC and increased with disease severity. Moreover, we observed that activated neddylation pathway was associated with enriched infiltration of T helper 2 (Th2) cells in HCC, while transactivation of STAT5A signaling may mediate this association. On the contrary, no significant correlation between the neddylation pathway and Th1 cells infiltration was identified. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential role of the neddylation pathway in promoting a shift in Th1/Th2 balance toward Th2-dominant immunosuppression. Hence, targeting neddylation pathway could serve as an attractive immunotherapy strategy for suppressing the development of Th2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhou
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Luyi Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
He SWJ, van de Garde MDB, Pieren DKJ, Poelen MCM, Voß F, Abdullah MR, Hammerschmidt S, van Els CACM. Diminished Pneumococcal-Specific CD4+ T-Cell Response is Associated With Increased Regulatory T Cells at Older Age. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:746295. [PMID: 35822055 PMCID: PMC9261371 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.746295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Acquired CD4+ T cell mechanism are essential for the protection against colonization and subsequent development of infections by S. pneumoniae. In this study, we hypothesized that age-related changes within the CD4+ T-cell population compromise CD4+ T-cell specific responses to S. pneumoniae, thereby contributing to increased susceptibility at older age. To this end, we interrogated the CD4+ T-cell response against the immunogenic pneumococcal protein AliB, part of the unique oligopeptide ABC transporter system responsible for the uptake of nutrients for the bacterium and crucial for the development of pneumococcal meningitis, in healthy young and older adults. Specifically, proliferation of CD4+ T cells as well as concomitant cytokine profiles and phenotypic markers implied in immunosenescence were studied. Older adults showed decreased AliB-induced CD4+ T-cell proliferation that is associated with an increased frequency of regulatory T cells and lower levels of active CD25+CD127+CTLA-4−TIGIT-CD4+T cells. Additionally, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNy and IL-17F were decreased at older age. Our findings indicate that key features of a pneumococcal-specific CD4+ T-cell immune response are altered at older age, which may contribute to enhanced susceptibility for pneumococcal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha W J He
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Martijn D B van de Garde
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Daan K J Pieren
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Martien C M Poelen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Franziska Voß
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohammed R Abdullah
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cécile A C M van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
O'Brien JA, McGuire HM, Shinko D, Fazekas de St Groth B, Russo MA, Bailey D, Santarelli DM, Wynne K, Austin PJ. T lymphocyte and monocyte subsets are dysregulated in type 1 diabetes patients with peripheral neuropathic pain. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 15:100283. [PMID: 34589782 PMCID: PMC8474166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain is a common and devastating complication of type 1 diabetes, but the mechanism by which it develops and persists is yet to be fully elucidated. This study utilised high-dimensional suspension mass cytometry in a pilot cohort to investigate differences in peripheral blood immunophenotypes between type 1 diabetes patients with (n = 9) and without (n = 9) peripheral neuropathic pain. The abundance and activation of several leukocyte subsets were investigated with unsupervised clustering approaches FlowSOM and SPADE, as well as by manual gating. Major findings included a proportional increase in CD4+ central memory T cells and an absolute increase in classical monocytes, non-classical monocytes, and mature natural killer cells in type 1 diabetes patients with pain compared to those without pain. The expression of CD27, CD127, and CD39 was upregulated on select T cell populations, and the phosphorylated form of pro-inflammatory transcription factor MK2 was upregulated across most populations. These results provide evidence that distinct immunological signatures are associated with painful neuropathy in type 1 diabetes patients. Further research may link these changes to mechanisms by which pain in type 1 diabetes is initiated and maintained, paving the way for much needed targeted treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayden A. O'Brien
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Helen M. McGuire
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Shinko
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Discipline of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc A. Russo
- Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia
| | - Dominic Bailey
- Genesis Research Services, Broadmeadow, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Katie Wynne
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul J. Austin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, 94 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian CJ, Zhang JH, Liu J, Ma Z, Zhen Z. Ryanodine receptor and immune-related molecules in diabetic cardiomyopathy. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:2637-2646. [PMID: 34013670 PMCID: PMC8318495 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia is a major aetiological factor in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Excessive hyperglycaemia increases the levels of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the heart and causes derangements in calcium homeostasis, inflammation and immune‐system disorders. Ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) plays a key role in excitation–contraction coupling during heart contractions, including rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart. Cardiac inflammation has been indicated in part though interleukin 1 (IL‐1) signals, supporting a role for B and T lymphocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Some of the post‐translational modifications of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) by RCS, ROS and RNS stress are known to affect its gating and Ca2+ sensitivity, which contributes to RyR dysregulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. RyRs and immune‐related molecules are important signalling species in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in various heart and cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known regarding the mechanistic relationship between RyRs and immune‐related molecules in diabetes, as well as the mechanisms mediating complex communication among cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and immune cells. This review highlights new findings on the complex cellular communications in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We discuss potential therapeutic applications targeting RyRs and immune‐related molecules in diabetic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ju Tian
- College of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hua Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- College of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang L, Lian Z, Zhang B, Li Z, Zeng L, Li W, Bian Y. Effect of ligustrazine nanoparticles on Th1/Th2 balance by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in rats with postoperative peritoneal adhesion. BMC Surg 2021; 21:211. [PMID: 33902534 PMCID: PMC8077798 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-021-01201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) is regarded as fibrous bands connecting both injured abdominal wall and organs or adjacent tissues. It is associated with T helper (Th)1 and Th2 differentiation. However, the critical role of the immunopathogenesis of adhesion formation was precisely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a new agent polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles loaded with ligustrazine, that is, ligustrazine nanoparticles (LN) on PPA and identify the potential mechanism. Methods Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the sham, model, LN, and sodium hyaluronate (SH) groups. The structure of LN, including entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), and in vitro drug release were calculated. Adhesions were scored and the Masson's trichrome staining was used to determine the collagen deposition. The expressions of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB were measured by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assay. Moreover, Th1-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12), Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-6) in the cecum tissue and serum were conducted by ELISA. Results LN had good EE, LC, and control-release delivery characters with fairly uniform diameter and spherical morphology. It could effectively prevent adhesion formation after surgery. Besides, it could reduce collagen fibers accumulation, downregulate the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB, and maintain Th1/Th2 balance. Conclusions Ligustrazine nanoparticles had effective effects on Th1/Th2 balance by regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in PPA rats. It may be served as a promising therapy on postoperative adhesion formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyu Lian
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Digestive Department, Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- School of Management, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AJ, UK
| | - Li Zeng
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenlin Li
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,School of Second Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Center of TCM External Medication Researching and Industrializing, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd., Nanjing, 210023, China. .,TCM Nursing Intervention Laboratory of Chronic Disease Key Laboratory, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Narsale A, Lam B, Moya R, Lu T, Mandelli A, Gotuzzo I, Pessina B, Giamporcaro G, Geoffrey R, Buchanan K, Harris M, Bergot AS, Thomas R, Hessner MJ, Battaglia M, Serti E, Davies JD. CD4+CD25+CD127hi cell frequency predicts disease progression in type 1 diabetes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:136114. [PMID: 33301420 PMCID: PMC7934872 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient partial remission, a period of low insulin requirement experienced by most patients soon after diagnosis, has been associated with mechanisms of immune regulation. A better understanding of such natural mechanisms of immune regulation might identify new targets for immunotherapies that reverse type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, using Cox model multivariate analysis, we validated our previous findings that patients with the highest frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127hi (127-hi) cells at diagnosis experience the longest partial remission, and we showed that the 127-hi cell population is a mix of Th1- and Th2-type cells, with a significant bias toward antiinflammatory Th2-type cells. In addition, we extended these findings to show that patients with the highest frequency of 127-hi cells at diagnosis were significantly more likely to maintain β cell function. Moreover, in patients treated with alefacept in the T1DAL clinical trial, the probability of responding favorably to the antiinflammatory drug was significantly higher in those with a higher frequency of 127-hi cells at diagnosis than those with a lower 127-hi cell frequency. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that 127-hi cells maintain an antiinflammatory environment that is permissive for partial remission, β cell survival, and response to antiinflammatory immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Narsale
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Breanna Lam
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Rosa Moya
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - TingTing Lu
- Immune Tolerance Network, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessandra Mandelli
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Gotuzzo
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Pessina
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Giamporcaro
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Rhonda Geoffrey
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kerry Buchanan
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark Harris
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anne-Sophie Bergot
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin J Hessner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Joanna D Davies
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Inhibit CD4+ T Cell Proliferation and Induce Regulatory T Cells as Well as CD127 Expression on CD4+CD25+ T Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010058. [PMID: 33401501 PMCID: PMC7824667 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) exert their immunomodulatory potential on several cell types of the immune system, affecting and influencing the immune response. MSC efficiently inhibit T cell proliferation, reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, limit the differentiation of pro-inflammatory Th subtypes and promote the induction of regulatory T cells (Treg). In this study, we analyzed the immunomodulatory potential of human adipose tissue-derived MSC (ASC), on CD4+ T cells, addressing potential cell-contact dependency in relation to T cell receptor stimulation of whole human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). ASC were cultured with not stimulated or anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated PBMC in direct and transwell cocultures; PBMC alone were used as controls. After 7 days, cocultures were harvested and we analyzed: (1) the inhibitory potential of ASC on CD4+ cell proliferation and (2) phenotypic changes in CD4+ cells in respect of Treg marker (CD25, CD127 and FoxP3) expression. We confirmed the inhibitory potential of ASC on CD4+ cell proliferation, which occurs upon PBMC stimulation and is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Importantly, ASC reduce both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion, without indications on specific Th differentiation. We found that stimulation induces CD25 expression on CD4+ cells and that, despite inhibiting overall CD4+ cell proliferation, ASC can specifically induce the proliferation of CD4+CD25+ cells. We observed that ASC induce Treg (CD4+CD25+CD127−FoxP3+) only in not stimulated cocultures and that ASC increase the ratio of CD4+CD25+CD127+FoxP3− cells at the expense of CD4+CD25+CD127−FoxP3− cells. Our study provides new insights on the interplay between ASC and CD4+ T cells, proposing that ASC-dependent induction of Treg depends on PBMC activation which affects the balance between the different subpopulations of CD4+CD25+ cells expressing CD127 and/or FoxP3.
Collapse
|
21
|
Efficacy of Acupuncture and Moxibustion as a Subsequent Treatment after Second-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8274021. [PMID: 33144870 PMCID: PMC7599393 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8274021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore whether acupuncture and moxibustion can prevent disease progression of advanced gastric cancer patients completing second-line chemotherapy and, if so, the related mechanism. Method Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were main outcome measures. The real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of genes including T-bet, IFN-γ, GATA3, and IL-4 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). IL-4, IL-6, Ca199, CRP, and IFN-γ in plasma levels were checked. Results 170 patients were randomly assigned in a 3 : 2 ratio to receive either acupuncture and moxibustion or sham acupuncture until progression. 135 patients were included in the primary analysis. Both PFS and OS in treatment group were proven to be better than control group. Acupuncture and moxibustion promoted typical Th1 cells drifting, as confirmed by increased T-bet/IFN-γ and decreased GATA3/IL-4 in mRNA levels from PBMCs, as well as upregulating IFN-γ and downregulating IL-4 in plasma levels. IL-6, Ca199, and CRP in plasma levels were also reduced by acupuncture and moxibustion. Conclusions Acupuncture and moxibustion can prolong PFS and OS of advanced gastric cancer patients completing second-line chemotherapy by reversing Th1/Th2 shift and attenuating inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu J, Jiang X, Li L, Liu H, Zhang X, Liu K, Yang C. Iloprost inhibits acute allergic nasal inflammation by GATA3 -ILC2 pathway in mice. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 276:103364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2019.103364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
23
|
Narsale A, Moya R, Ma J, Anderson LJ, Wu D, Garcia JM, Davies JD. Cancer-driven changes link T cell frequency to muscle strength in people with cancer: a pilot study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:827-843. [PMID: 30977974 PMCID: PMC6711422 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour growth can promote the loss of muscle mass and function. This is particularly disturbing because overall survival is significantly reduced in people with weaker and smaller skeletal muscle. The risk of cancer is also greater in people who are immune deficient. Muscle wasting in mice with cancer can be inhibited by infusion of CD4+ precursor T cells that restore balanced ratios of naïve, memory, and regulatory T cells. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that stronger anti-cancer T cell immunity leads to improved muscle mass and function. As a first step to testing this hypothesis, we determined whether levels of circulating T cell subsets correlate with levels of muscle strength in people with cancer. METHODS The frequency of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ naïve, memory, and regulatory T cell subsets was quantified in 11 men with gastrointestinal cancer (aged 59.3 ± 10.1 years) and nine men without cancer (aged 60 ± 13 years), using flow cytometry. T cell marker expression was determined using real-time PCR and western blot analyses in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Handgrip strength, one-repetition maximum chest press, and knee extension tests were used to determine muscle strength. Performance was determined using a stair climb test. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. The Karnofsky and ECOG scales were used to assess functional impairment. Correlations between frequencies of cell subsets with strength, performance, and body composition were determined using regression analyses. RESULTS Our data show significant correlations between (i) higher frequencies of CD8+ naïve (P = 0.02) and effector memory (P = 0.003) T cells and lower frequencies of CD8+ central memory T cells (P = 0.002) with stronger handgrip strength, (ii) lower frequency of regulatory cells with greater lean mass index (P = 0.04), (iii) lower frequency of CD8+ T cells that express CD95 with greater stair climb power (P = 0.003), (iv) higher frequency of T cells that co-express CD197 and CD45RA and greater one-repetition maximum knee extension strength (P = 0.008), and (iv) higher expression of CD4 in whole blood with greater functional impairment (P = 0.004) in people with cancer. CONCLUSIONS We have identified significant correlations between levels of T cell populations and muscle strength, performance, and body composition in people with cancer. These data justify a follow-up study with a larger cohort to test the validity of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Narsale
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Rosa Moya
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Jasmin Ma
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, USA
| | - Lindsey J Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Wu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Oncology Section, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose M Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, MCL, Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao X, Liu J, Ge S, Chen C, Li S, Wu X, Feng X, Wang Y, Cai D. Saikosaponin A Inhibits Breast Cancer by Regulating Th1/Th2 Balance. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:624. [PMID: 31214035 PMCID: PMC6558179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin A (SSa) is isolated from the dried root of Radix Bupleuri, an herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, exerting antitumor activities. The T helper cell type 1(Th1)/Th2 balance is associated with antitumor immunity in breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of SSa on Th1/Th2 balance in breast cancer and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Breast cancer in rats was induced by intragastrical administration of 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a] anthracene once (100 mg/kg). At d91, the rats suffering from tumors were randomly divided into three groups and treated with vehicle solution (control group), tamoxifen (TAM group), and SSa (SSa group) daily for 56 days, respectively. The tumor volume reduction ratio and tumor cell proliferation were detected to assess the antitumor effect of SSa. The positive staining numbers of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells infiltrated in breast tumors were measured by immunohistochemistry to evaluate the antitumor immunity of SSa. Cytokine levels in serum secreted by Th1 cells [interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-12] and Th2 cells (IL-4, IL-10) were detected to evaluate Th1/Th2 balance. The related molecules of IL-12/signal transducers and activators of transcription 4 (STAT4) pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry staining, RT-PCR, and Western blot to explore the mechanisms of SSa. The results showed that, compared with the control group, SSa significantly inhibited tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation. SSa enhanced antitumor immunity, which was demonstrated as increased CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells infiltrated in tumors. SSa shifted Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1, which was confirmed as increased serum IFN-γ and IL-12 levels, while decreased serum IL-4 and IL-10 levels. SSa increased IL-12, IL-12 receptor, and phosphorylated STAT4 expressions to promote Th1 differentiation. In conclusion, the present work suggested that SSa could inhibit breast cancer growth by shifting Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1. The underlying mechanism may involve activation of the IL-12/STAT4 pathway that induced Th1 differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Ge
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanye Feng
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- School of Pre-clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dayong Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Udoka Nwosu B. Partial Clinical Remission of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: Clinical Applications and Challenges with its Definitions. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10310168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The honeymoon phase, or partial clinical remission (PCR) phase, of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a transitory period that is marked by endogenous insulin production by surviving β cells following a diabetes diagnosis and the introduction of insulin therapy. It is a critical window in the course of the disease that has short and long-term implications for the patient, such as a significant reduction in the risk of long-term complications of T1DM. To promote long-term cardiovascular health in children with newly diagnosed T1DM, three key steps are necessary: the generation of a predictive model for non-remission, the adoption of a user-friendly monitoring tool for remission and non-remission, and the establishment of the magnitude of the early-phase cardiovascular disease risk in these children in objective terms through changes in lipid profile. However, only about 50% of children diagnosed with T1DM experience the honeymoon phase. Accurate and prompt detection of the honeymoon phase has been hampered by the lack of an objective and easily applicable predictive model for its detection at the time of T1DM diagnosis, the complex formulas needed to confirm and monitor PCR, and the absence of a straightforward, user-friendly tool for monitoring PCR. This literature review discusses the most up-to-date information in this field by describing an objective predictive model for non-remission, an easy tool for monitoring remission or non-remission, and objective evidence for the cardiovascular protective effect of PCR in the early phase of the disease. The goal is to present non-remission as an independent clinical entity with significantly poorer long-term prognosis than partial remission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Udoka Nwosu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nwosu BU. Partial Clinical Remission of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children: Clinical Applications and Challenges with its Definitions. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL. DIABETES 2019; 4:89-98. [PMID: 31069088 PMCID: PMC6502244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The honeymoon phase, or partial clinical remission (PCR) phase, of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a transitory period that is marked by endogenous insulin production by surviving 3 cells following a diabetes diagnosis and the introduction of insulin therapy. It is a critical window in the course of the disease that has short and long-term implications for the patient, such as a significant reduction in the risk of long-term complications of T1DM. To promote long-term cardiovascular health in children with newly diagnosed T1DM, three key steps are necessary: the generation of a predictive model for non-remission, the adoption of a user-friendly monitoring tool for remission and non-remission, and the establishment of the magnitude of the early-phase cardiovascular disease risk in these children in objective terms through changes in lipid profile. However, only about 50% of children diagnosed with T1DM experience the honeymoon phase. Accurate and prompt detection of the honeymoon phase has been hampered by the lack of an objective and easily applicable predictive model for its detection at the time of T1DM diagnosis, the complex formulas needed to confirm and monitor PCR, and the absence of a straightforward, user-friendly tool for monitoring PCR. This literature review discusses the most up-to-date information in this field by describing an objective predictive model for non-remission, an easy tool for monitoring remission or non-remission, and objective evidence for the cardiovascular protective effect of PCR in the early phase of the disease. The goal is to present non-remission as an independent clinical entity with significantly poorer long-term prognosis than partial remission.
Collapse
|
27
|
Fasina YO, Lillehoj HS. Characterization of intestinal immune response to Clostridium perfringens infection in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:188-198. [PMID: 30239962 PMCID: PMC6347130 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis toxin B (NetB)-producing Clostridium perfringens (CP) type A is the etiological agent of necrotic enteritis (NE) – an economically significant disease in broiler chickens. Understanding the immune response to CP infection in broiler chickens is becoming important to develop effective vaccines against NE. An experiment was conducted to determine the expression levels of selected cytokine genes in the intestine and cecal tonsil of CP-challenged broiler chickens. In a floor-pen housing, broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: 1) bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD)-free control diet with no CP challenge (CX), 2) BMD-supplemented diet with no CP challenge (CM), 3) BMD-free control diet with CP challenge (PCX), or 4) BMD-supplemented diet with CP challenge (PCM). The establishment of CP infection was confirmed, with the treatment groups exposed to CP having a 1.5 to 2-fold higher CP levels (P < 0.05) compared to the non-exposed groups. On day 1 and 7 post-challenge, jejunal segments and cecal tonsils were collected from experimental chickens for quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis to determine the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-2, IL-13, IL-17, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β genes. Levels of antibodies to CP recombinant proteins were also determined in the plasma of experimental chickens. Results indicated that on day 7 post-challenge, IL-1β (proinflammatory cytokine), IL-13 (Th2 cytokine), and IL-17 (Th17 cytokine) were upregulated (P < 0.05) in CP-challenged PCX and PCM treatments, compared to the unchallenged (control) CX and CM treatments. A reverse trend was observed for TGF-β (anti-inflammatory cytokine), while no change was observed in IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine). Levels of plasma antibodies (IgY) to CP recombinant proteins were higher in CP-challenged treatments (PCX and PCM; P < 0.05), compared to their corresponding controls (CX and CM). It was concluded that CP infection induced inflammatory response in the intestine of broiler chickens, and the mechanisms of inflammation are probably mediated via Th2 and Th17 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yewande O Fasina
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rai PK, Chodisetti SB, Maurya SK, Nadeem S, Zeng W, Janmeja AK, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. A lipidated bi-epitope vaccine comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binder peptides elicits protective CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:279. [PMID: 30305097 PMCID: PMC6180631 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical trials conducted at Chingleput India suggest that BCG fails to protect against tuberculosis (TB) in TB-endemic population. Recent studies advocate that non-tuberculous mycobacteria and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection interferes in the antigen processing and presentation of BCG in inducing protective immunity against Mtb. Thereby, indicating that any vaccine that require extensive antigen processing may not be efficacious in TB-endemic zones. Recently, we have demonstrated that the vaccine candidate L91, which is composed of lipidated promiscuous MHC-II binder epitope, derived from latency associated Acr1 antigen of Mtb is immunogenic in the murine and Guinea pig models of TB and conferred better protection than BCG against Mtb. Methods In this study, we have used a multi-stage based bi-epitope vaccine, namely L4.8, comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binding peptides of active (TB10.4) and latent (Acr1) stages of Mtb antigens, respectively. These peptides were conjugated to the TLR-2 agonist Pam2Cys. Results L4.8 significantly elicited both CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells immunity, as evidenced by increase in the enduring polyfunctional CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells. L4.8 efficiently declined Mtb-burden and protected animals better than BCG and L91, even at the late stage of Mtb infection. Conclusions The BCG-L4.8 prime boost strategy imparts a better protection against TB than the BCG alone. This study emphatically denotes that L4.8 can be a promising future vaccine candidate for controlling active and latent TB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Rai
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ashok K Janmeja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. .,Indian Institute of Technology, Rupnagar, 140001, India.
| |
Collapse
|