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Sharma S, Belenje A, Takkar B, Narula R, Rathi VM, Tyagi M, Rani PK, Narayanan R, Kaur I. Tear Protein Markers for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema - Towards an Early Diagnosis and Better Prognosis. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:440-450. [PMID: 38643349 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2342266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic eye disease is a highly prevalent and sight-threatening disorder. It is a disease of neuro-vascular unit of the retina, if left untreated can cause blindness. Therapeutic approaches followed for its treatment can only restrict the progression of the disease with highly variable results. There is no known biomarker for an early diagonsis of this disease, therefore by the time it is detected it goes beyond repair. This creates a massive demand for development of such biomarkers that help detect disease in its earlier stages. METHODS PUBMED (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was searched for articles relevant to the topic published till November 2023. The search was made using keywords such as Diabetic Retinopathy, inflammation, tear, biomarker, proteomics etc. The studies providing relevant information to prove the importance of biomarker discovery were chosen. After compiling the data, the manuscript writing was planned under relevant headings and sub-headings. RESULTS The review provides a comprehensive overview of all the tear protein biomarker studies in the field of DR and DME. Briefly, their potential in other diseases is also elucidated. While there are many studies pertaining to DR biomarkers, the identified markers lack validations which has restricted their usage in clinics. In case of DME, there was no such study towards biomarker discovery for its diagnosis and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights major studies and their lacunae in the field of biomarkers discovery for DR and DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmeela Sharma
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Akash Belenje
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ritesh Narula
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Mudit Tyagi
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Raja Narayanan
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Qin G, Chen J, Li L, Qi Y, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Wu Y, You Y, Yang L, Guo N, Moutari S, Bu S, Moore JE, Xu L, He W, Yu S, He X, Pazo EE. Effects of Diquafosol Sodium Ophthalmic Solution on Tear Film Matrix Metallopeptidase-9 and Corneal Nerve Density in Patients with Type 2 Diabetic Dry Eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024; 40:370-378. [PMID: 38100078 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diabetes mellitus has been associated with increased dry eye disease (DED) and exacerbates DED's pathology. This preliminary short-term study aimed to evaluate the effects of 3% Diquafosol Sodium ophthalmic solution (DQS) on ocular surface inflammation and corneal nerve density in diabetic dry eye (DDE) patients. Methods: In this perspective, participants used 1 drop of 3% DQS (Diquas; Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) 6 times daily for 8 weeks. Non-invasive tear breakup time (NITBUT), tear film lipid layer (TFLL), conjunctival hyperemia [redness score (RS)], corneoconjunctival staining (CFS), corneal sensitivity (CS), Meibomian gland quality (MGQ) and Meibomian gland expressibility (MGEx), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), and Standard Patient Evaluation Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire were assessed at baseline, at weeks 4, and up to 8 weeks. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) of tear samples was measured at baseline and weeks 8. Results: The mean age was 61.27 ± 11.68 years. At baseline NITBUT = 5.89 ± 2.81 s, tear meniscus height = 0.17 ± 0.05 mm, TFLL = 2.74 ± 0.51, CFS = 4.35 ± 0.68, CS = 53.83 ± 9.63 mm, MMP-9 = 49.10 ± 10.42 ng/mL, RS = 1.65 ± 0.44, MGEx = 1.85 ± 0.72, MGQ = 2.65 ± 0.50, CNFD = 20.36 ± 8.20 no./mm2, and SPEED = 12.62 ± 3.91. At week 4, significant improvements were found in all parameters except RS (1.59 ± 0.46, P = 0.172) and CNFD (21.46 ± 8.41, P = 0.163). Finally, at week 8, all parameters had significant improvements. Conclusion: Preliminary short-term findings suggest that treatment of DDE patients with DQS was found to be safe and efficacious in improving dry eye parameters. In addition, inflammatory marker and corneal nerve density were significantly improved. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05193331).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiayan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangzhe Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yifan Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sinqi Eye Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Lanting Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Naici Guo
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Salissou Moutari
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Shaochong Bu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jonathan E Moore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathedral Eye Clinic, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Sile Yu
- College of Public Health, He University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingru He
- College of Public Health, He University, Shenyang, China
| | - Emmanuel Eric Pazo
- Department of Ophthalmology, He Eye Specialist Hospital, Shenyang, China
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Zhang Y, Huang W, Tian Q, Bai G, Wu W, Yin H, Hu L, Chen X. Network pharmacology and biochemical experiments reveal the antiapoptotic mechanism of huperzine A for treating diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:989-998. [PMID: 37339867 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Diabetic retinopathy is the most common eye disease that causes blindness in the working population. Neurodegeneration is the early sign of diabetic retinopathy, but no drug has been approved for delaying or reversing retinal neurodegeneration. Huperzine A, a natural alkaloid isolated from Huperzia serrata, displays neuroprotective and antiapoptotic effects in treating neurodegenerative disorders. Our study aims to investigate the effect of huperzine A in preventing retinal neurodegeneration of diabetic retinopathy and its possible mechanism. METHODS Diabetic retinopathy model was induced by streptozotocin. H&E staining, optical coherence tomography, immunofluorescence staining and angiogenic factors were used to determine the degree of retinal pathological injury. The possible molecular mechanism was unrevealed by network pharmacology analysis and further validated by biochemical experiments. RESULTS In our study, we demonstrated that huperzine A has a protective effect on the diabetes retina in a diabetic rat model. Based on the network pharmacology analysis and biochemical studies, huperzine A may treat diabetic retinopathy via key target HSP27 and apoptosis-related pathways. Huperzine A may modulate the phosphorylation of HSP27 and activate the antiapoptotic signalling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that huperzine A might be a potential therapeutic drug to prevent diabetic retinopathy. It is the first-time combining network pharmacology analysis with biochemical studies to explore the mechanism of huperzine A in preventing diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wunan Huang
- Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Houfa Yin
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lidan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Patterson EJ, Bounds AD, Wagner SK, Kadri-Langford R, Taylor R, Daly D. Oculomics: A Crusade Against the Four Horsemen of Chronic Disease. Ophthalmol Ther 2024; 13:1427-1451. [PMID: 38630354 PMCID: PMC11109082 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-024-00942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic, non-communicable diseases present a major barrier to living a long and healthy life. In many cases, early diagnosis can facilitate prevention, monitoring, and treatment efforts, improving patient outcomes. There is therefore a critical need to make screening techniques as accessible, unintimidating, and cost-effective as possible. The association between ocular biomarkers and systemic health and disease (oculomics) presents an attractive opportunity for detection of systemic diseases, as ophthalmic techniques are often relatively low-cost, fast, and non-invasive. In this review, we highlight the key associations between structural biomarkers in the eye and the four globally leading causes of morbidity and mortality: cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and metabolic disease. We observe that neurodegenerative disease is a particularly promising target for oculomics, with biomarkers detected in multiple ocular structures. Cardiovascular disease biomarkers are present in the choroid, retinal vasculature, and retinal nerve fiber layer, and metabolic disease biomarkers are present in the eyelid, tear fluid, lens, and retinal vasculature. In contrast, only the tear fluid emerged as a promising ocular target for the detection of cancer. The retina is a rich source of oculomics data, the analysis of which has been enhanced by artificial intelligence-based tools. Although not all biomarkers are disease-specific, limiting their current diagnostic utility, future oculomics research will likely benefit from combining data from various structures to improve specificity, as well as active design, development, and optimization of instruments that target specific disease signatures, thus facilitating differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siegfried K Wagner
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | | | - Robin Taylor
- Occuity, The Blade, Abbey Square, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 3BE, UK
| | - Dan Daly
- Occuity, The Blade, Abbey Square, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 3BE, UK
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Fan Z, Hu Y, Chen L, Lu X, Zheng L, Ma D, Li Z, Zhong J, Lin L, Zhang S, Zhang G. Multiplatform tear proteomic profiling reveals novel non-invasive biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1509-1517. [PMID: 38336992 PMCID: PMC11126564 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate a comprehensive proteomic profile of the tear fluid in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and further define non-invasive biomarkers. METHODS A cross-sectional, multicentre study that includes 46 patients with DR, 28 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and 30 healthy controls (HC). Tear samples were collected with Schirmer strips. As for the discovery set, data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry was used to characterize the tear proteomic profile. Differentially expressed proteins between groups were identified, with gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis further developed. Classifying performance of biomarkers for distinguishing DR from DM was compared by the combination of three machine-learning algorithms. The selected biomarker panel was tested in the validation cohort using parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. RESULTS Among 3364 proteins quantified, 235 and 88 differentially expressed proteins were identified for DR when compared to HC and DM, respectively, which were fundamentally related to retina homeostasis, inflammation and immunity, oxidative stress, angiogenesis and coagulation, metabolism, and cellular adhesion processes. The biomarker panel consisting of NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2 (SIR2), amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B (AOFB), and U8 snoRNA-decapping enzyme (NUD16) exhibited the best diagnostic performance in discriminating DR from DM, with AUCs of 0.933 and 0.881 in the discovery and validation set, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Tear protein dysregulation is comprehensively revealed to be associated with DR onset. The combination of tear SIR2, AOFB, and NUD16 can be a novel potential approach for non-invasive detection or pre-screening of DR. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2100054263. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=143177 . Date of registration: 2021/12/12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Fan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
- International Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Yarou Hu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Laijiao Chen
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Dahui Ma
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Shenmei Eye Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, 514000, China
| | - Jingwen Zhong
- Shenmei Eye Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, 514000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518040, China.
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Amorim M, Martins B, Fernandes R. Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9821. [PMID: 37372968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a prevalent global health issue associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a well-known inflammatory, neurovascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of preventable blindness in developed countries among working-age adults. However, the ocular surface components of diabetic eyes are also at risk of damage due to uncontrolled diabetes, which is often overlooked. Inflammatory changes in the corneas of diabetic patients indicate that inflammation plays a significant role in diabetic complications, much like in DR. The eye's immune privilege restricts immune and inflammatory responses, and the cornea and retina have a complex network of innate immune cells that maintain immune homeostasis. Nevertheless, low-grade inflammation in diabetes contributes to immune dysregulation. This article aims to provide an overview and discussion of how diabetes affects the ocular immune system's main components, immune-competent cells, and inflammatory mediators. By understanding these effects, potential interventions and treatments may be developed to improve the ocular health of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madania Amorim
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ulhaq ZS, Hasan YTN, Rosyidin NK, Istifiani LA, Pamungkas SA, Soraya GV. A systematic proteomic profiling and pathway analysis of protein biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy with subsequent validation of the IL-6 upstream regulator. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:801-815. [PMID: 37255833 PMCID: PMC10225401 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Identifying risk factors associated with DR development and progression is crucial for improving treatment efficacy. Although proteomic changes in DR have been extensively studied, the results remain equivocal. Hence, this study aims to summarize and identify potential diagnostic or prognostic markers for DR. In addition, the upstream regulator responsible for protein deregulation of this disease was also validated. Methods We systematically analyzed the current literature on proteomic profile changes in DR, followed by pathway analysis identification. To validate the protein level changes, ELISA was performed from serum samples collected from 27 patients with DR and 25 healthy controls. Results Our analysis revealed that 1 candidate marker (afamin [AFM]) distinguished non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) from type 2 diabetic patients with no diabetic retinopathy/controls, 65 candidate markers distinguished proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) from NPDR, 1 candidate marker (thyroid receptor-interacting protein 11 [TRIP11]) distinguished PDR from PDR-DME/DME, and 3 candidate markers for therapeutic evaluation of PDR. Our results pinpoint that inflammatory response, which IL-6 mainly modulated, is responsible for the changes of proteomic profiles identified in DR. This was also validated by ELISA analysis, indicating that IL-6 could be potentially useful for diagnosing DR. Conclusion We report a comprehensive patient-based proteomic approach to identify potential biomarkers for DR diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01204-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulvikar Syambani Ulhaq
- Research Center for Pre-Clinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Developmental Disorders and Toxicology, Center for Promotion of International Education and Research, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuliono Trika Nur Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Maulana Malik State Islamic University, Malang, Indonesia
- Department of Opthalmology, Karsa General Hospital, Batu, Indonesia
| | | | - Lola Ayu Istifiani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | | | - Gita Vita Soraya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
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Winiarczyk M, Biela K, Michalak K, Winiarczyk D, Mackiewicz J. Changes in Tear Proteomic Profile in Ocular Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13341. [PMID: 36293921 PMCID: PMC9603516 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The search for proteomic biomarkers in ocular disease is one of the most important research directions in recent years. Reliable biomarkers can be an immense adjuvant for both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. There is no more readily available ocular tissue for proteomic analysis than tear film, which makes an interesting target for the biomarker search. Tear film is a complex fluid consisting of a superficial lipid layer, which covers the aqueous-mucous layer. Its complexity makes it a perfect candidate for all the "omics" approaches. Glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, and other diseases are commonly thought to have a multifactorial background. Currently, no reliable non-invasive tests are available that would help physicians with screening and further patient management. The aim of the study is to present modern methods of measuring biomarkers in tears, with particular emphasis on spectrometric methods, and to discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Biela
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Provincial Hospital of Zamosc, 22-400 Zamosc, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases of Small Animals, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Ozdalgic B, Gul M, Uygun ZO, Atçeken N, Tasoglu S. Emerging Applications of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Tear Film Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:827. [PMID: 36290964 PMCID: PMC9599721 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human tear film, with a flow rate of 1-3 µL/min, is a rich bodily fluid that transmits a variety of metabolites and hormones containing proteins, lipids and electrolytes that provide clues about ocular and systemic diseases. Analysis of disease biomarkers such as proteins, mRNA, enzymes and cytokines in the tear film, collected by noninvasive methods, can provide significant results for sustaining a predictive, preventive and personalized medicine regarding various diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, dry eye, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and COVID-19. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offers a powerful technique for analyzing these biomarkers. EIS detects electrical equivalent circuit parameters related to biorecognition of receptor-analyte interactions on the electrode surface. This method is advantageous as it performs a label-free detection and allows the detection of non-electroactive compounds that cannot be detected by direct electron transfer, such as hormones and some proteins. Here, we review the opportunities regarding the integration of EIS into tear fluid sampling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Ozdalgic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Division of Optometry, School of Med Services & Techniques, Dogus University, Istanbul 34775, Türkiye
| | - Munire Gul
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Zihni Onur Uygun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Türkiye
| | - Nazente Atçeken
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Koç University Translational Medicine Research Center (KUTTAM), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Türkiye
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Türkiye
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Jasmiad NB, Abd Ghani RB, Agarwal R, Ismail ZB, Mohd Abdullah AA, Idorus MY. Relationship between serum and tear levels of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in diabetic retinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:357. [PMID: 36057550 PMCID: PMC9441077 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of longstanding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a leading cause of blindness and visual disability in the world. The aim of this study is to compare the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in tears and serum of patients with DR and those without DR. Method Among the T2DM patients enrolled in this study, 26 patients had DR (n = 26) while 29 were without DR (n = 29). The blood and tear samples were obtained from all participants. The level of PAI-1 and tPA were measured in both the serum and tears. Anthropometric measurements, HbA1c, renal and lipid profile were also obtained. Results Patients with DR had significantly longer disease duration and higher systolic blood pressure compared to those without DR. Serum PAI-1 level was significantly higher in patients with DR compared to those without DR, 32.72 (IQR 32.52) vs 21.37 (IQR 14.93) ng/mL, respectively (p < 0.05). However, tear PAI-1 were comparable in both groups. Serum and tear tPA levels in both groups were also comparable (p > 0.05). Among patients with DR, there were no significant correlations between tear and serum of both biomarkers. Patients without DR showed a moderate positive correlation between serum and tear tPA levels with a coefficient of 0.363, albeit no statistical significance. Patients with DR demonstrated a significant positive correlation between levels of tears PAI-1 and BMI (r = 0.555, p = 0.026). In the group without DR, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between serum level of PAI-1 with urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) (r = 0.501, p = 0.013). Conclusion The present study demonstrated a significantly greater serum PAI-1 levels in patients with DR compared to those without DR. No significant correlations between tears and serum PAI-1 and tPA were observed. Thus, the role of tear biomarkers remains relevant for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurbadriah Binti Jasmiad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Rohana Binti Abd Ghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zaliha Binti Ismail
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknology MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Azlindarita Aisyah Mohd Abdullah
- MSU Medical Centre, Persiaran Olahraga, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,MSU Clinical Centre of Excellence, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusri Idorus
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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11
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Ponzini E, Santambrogio C, De Palma A, Mauri P, Tavazzi S, Grandori R. Mass spectrometry-based tear proteomics for noninvasive biomarker discovery. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:842-860. [PMID: 33759206 PMCID: PMC9543345 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The lacrimal film has attracted increasing interest in the last decades as a potential source of biomarkers of physiopathological states, due to its accessibility, moderate complexity, and responsiveness to ocular and systemic diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has led to effective approaches to tear proteomics, despite the intrinsic limitations in sample amounts. This review focuses on the recent progress in strategy and technology, with an emphasis on the potential for personalized medicine. After an introduction on lacrimal-film composition, examples of applications to biomarker discovery are discussed, comparing approaches based on pooled-sample and single-tear analysis. Then, the most critical steps of the experimental pipeline, that is, tear collection, sample fractionation, and LC-MS implementation, are discussed with reference to proteome-coverage optimization. Advantages and challenges of the alternative procedures are highlighted. Despite the still limited number of studies, tear quantitative proteomics, including single-tear investigation, could offer unique contributions to the identification of low-invasiveness, sustained-accessibility biomarkers, and to the development of personalized approaches to therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ponzini
- Materials Science DepartmentUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Antonella De Palma
- Institute for Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)Segrate (MI)Italy
| | - Pierluigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical TechnologiesNational Research Council (ITB‐CNR)Segrate (MI)Italy
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Materials Science DepartmentUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
- COMiBUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
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12
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Xu J, Tao X, Liu X, Yang L. Wearable Eye Patch Biosensor for Noninvasive and Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers in Human Tears. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8659-8667. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Xiaoqin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province 130024, China
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Abstract
![]()
Personalized and
point-of-care (POC) diagnoses are critical for
ocular physiology and disease diagnosis. Real-time monitoring and
continuous sampling abilities of tear fluid and user-friendliness
have become the key characteristics for the applied ophthalmic techniques.
Fluorescence technologies, as one of the most popular methods that
can fulfill the requirements of clinical ophthalmic applications for
optical sensing, have been raised and applied for tear sensing and
diagnostic platforms in recent decades. Wearable sensors in this case
have been increasingly developed for ocular diagnosis. Contact lenses,
as one of the commercialized and popular tools for ocular dysfunction,
have been developed as a platform for fluorescence sensing in tears
diagnostics and real-time monitoring. Numbers of biochemical analytes
have been examined through developed fluorescent contact lens sensors,
including pH values, electrolytes, glucose, and enzymes. These sensors
have been proven for monitoring ocular conditions, enhancing and detecting
medical treatments, and tracking efficiency of related ophthalmic
surgeries at POC settings. This review summarizes the applied ophthalmic
fluorescence sensing technologies in tears for ocular diagnosis and
monitoring. In addition, the cooperation of fabricated fluorescent
sensor with mobile phone readout devices for diagnosing ocular diseases
with specific biomarkers continuously is also discussed. Further perspectives
for the developments and applications of fluorescent ocular sensing
and diagnosing technologies are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Yubing Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, United Kingdom
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14
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She X, Zou C, Zheng Z. Differences in Vitreous Protein Profiles in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Before and After Ranibizumab Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:776855. [PMID: 35721061 PMCID: PMC9198965 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.776855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) accounts for severe impact on vision, its mechanism is still poorly understood. To compare the differences of vitreous protein profiles in PDR patients before and after a complete anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) loading dose with ranibizumab treatment. Twelve vitreous humor (VH) samples were collected from six PDR patients before (set as pre group) and after (set as post group) intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) treatment. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins. Proteins were validated with targeted proteomics using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) in a validation set consisting of samples from the above patients. A total of 2680 vitreous proteins were identified. Differentially expressed proteins were filtrated with fold change ≥2.0 (post group/ pre group protein abundance ratio ≥2 or ≤ 0.5) and p-value <0.05. 11 proteins were up-regulated and 17 proteins were down-regulated, while consistent presence/absence expression profile group contains one elevated protein and nine reduced proteins, among which seven proteins were identified as potential biomarkers for IVR treatment through PRM assays. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the up-regulated proteins were significantly enriched in "GnRH secretion" and "Circadian rhythm" signaling pathway. This report represents the first description of combined label-free quantitative proteomics and PRM analysis of targeted proteins for discovery of different proteins before and after IVR treatment in the same patient. IVR treatment may protect against PDR by promoting SPP1 expression through "GnRH secretion" and "Circadian rhythm" signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping She
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zou
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhi Zheng
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15
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Amorim M, Martins B, Caramelo F, Gonçalves C, Trindade G, Simão J, Barreto P, Marques I, Leal EC, Carvalho E, Reis F, Ribeiro-Rodrigues T, Girão H, Rodrigues-Santos P, Farinha C, Ambrósio AF, Silva R, Fernandes R. Putative Biomarkers in Tears for Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:873483. [PMID: 35692536 PMCID: PMC9174990 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tear fluid biomarkers may offer a non-invasive strategy for detecting diabetic patients with increased risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) or increased disease progression, thus helping both improving diagnostic accuracy and understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we assessed the tear fluid of nondiabetic individuals, diabetic patients with no DR, and diabetic patients with nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or with proliferative DR (PDR) to find putative biomarkers for the diagnosis and staging of DR. Methods Tear fluid samples were collected using Schirmer test strips from a cohort with 12 controls and 54 Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) patients, and then analyzed using mass spectrometry (MS)-based shotgun proteomics and bead-based multiplex assay. Tear fluid-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, Western Blotting, and nano tracking. Results Proteomics analysis revealed that among the 682 reliably quantified proteins in tear fluid, 42 and 26 were differentially expressed in NPDR and PDR, respectively, comparing to the control group. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033101. By multicomparison analyses, we also found significant changes in 32 proteins. Gene ontology (GO) annotations showed that most of these proteins are associated with oxidative stress and small EVs. Indeed, we also found that tear fluid is particularly enriched in small EVs. T2D patients with NPDR have higher IL-2/-5/-18, TNF, MMP-2/-3/-9 concentrations than the controls. In the PDR group, IL-5/-18 and MMP-3/-9 concentrations were significantly higher, whereas IL-13 was lower, compared to the controls. Conclusions Overall, the results show alterations in tear fluid proteins profile in diabetic patients with retinopathy. Promising candidate biomarkers identified need to be validated in a large sample cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madania Amorim
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Jorge Simão
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Barreto
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Marques
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ermelindo Carreira Leal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Farinha
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Francisco Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Rosa Fernandes
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Suárez-Cortés T, Merino-Inda N, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM. Tear and ocular surface disease biomarkers: A diagnostic and clinical perspective for ocular allergies and dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2022; 221:109121. [PMID: 35605673 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Validated biomarkers to be used as biological tools for managing ocular surface diseases (OSDs) are still an unmet need in daily clinical practice. Many studies have contributed to the already extensive list of candidate biomarkers for these disorders. Dry eye (DE) and ocular allergy (OA) are complex and multifactorial diseases, often coexisting and with overlapping symptoms. The purpose of this review is to present a comprehensive updated revision of the most relevant biomarkers of DE and OA, with an emphasis on quantitative analyses and correlations with clinical parameter data. Analysis of biomarkers common for these pathologies has highlighted an important physiological process. Namely, the interleukin proteins (IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-17), tumour necrotic factor (TNFα) and interferon gamma (IFNγ; Th1-Th7 pathway) and IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 (Th2 pathway) seem to represent similar inflammatory mechanisms. Moreover, changes in the levels of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5 and MUC16) are common alterations in the tear film mucous layer. We also examine the current state of medical devices and the main limitations to their use in clinical practice. Translational research in biomarkers for clinical practice depends on a feasible transition from the laboratory to the point-of-care. This requires large-scale, coordinated clinical validation campaigns to select the biomarkers with the highest specificity and sensitivity and significant correlation with clinical parameters. Moreover, technical limitations of multiplexed quantitation systems must be overcome to detect and measure the levels of several biomarkers in very small samples. To ensure the future of biomarker research, significant progress is necessary in a number of fields. There is an urgent need for global unification of clinical classification and diagnostics criteria. Widespread integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data is paramount for performing meaningful analyses using appropriate bioinformatics tools and artificial intelligence systems.
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17
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Biochemistry of human tear film: A review. Exp Eye Res 2022; 220:109101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Metabolomic Analysis of Serum and Tear Samples from Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094534. [PMID: 35562924 PMCID: PMC9105607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics strategies are widely used to examine obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with obesity (n = 31) or T2D (n = 26) and sex- and age-matched controls (n = 28) were recruited, and serum and tear samples were collected. The concentration of 23 amino acids and 10 biogenic amines in serum and tear samples was analyzed. Statistical analysis and Pearson correlation analysis along with network analysis were carried out. Compared to controls, changes in the level of 6 analytes in the obese group and of 10 analytes in the T2D group were statistically significant. For obesity, the energy generation, while for T2D, the involvement of NO synthesis and its relation to insulin signaling and inflammation, were characteristic. We found that BCAA and glutamine metabolism, urea cycle, and beta-oxidation make up crucial parts of the metabolic changes in T2D. According to our data, the retromer-mediated retrograde transport, the ethanolamine metabolism, and, consequently, the endocannabinoid signaling and phospholipid metabolism were characteristic of both conditions and can be relevant pathways to understanding and treating insulin resistance. By providing potential therapeutic targets and new starting points for mechanistic studies, our results emphasize the importance of complex data analysis procedures to better understand the pathomechanism of obesity and diabetes.
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Jones G, Lee TJ, Glass J, Rountree G, Ulrich L, Estes A, Sezer M, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. Comparison of Different Mass Spectrometry Workflows for the Proteomic Analysis of Tear Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2307. [PMID: 35216421 PMCID: PMC8875482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tear film is a multi-layer fluid that covers the corneal and conjunctival epithelia of the eye and provides lubrication, nutrients, and protection from the outside environment. Tear fluid contains a high concentration of proteins and has thus been recognized as a potential source of biomarkers for ocular disorders due to its proximity to disease sites on the ocular surface and the non-invasive nature of its collection. This is particularly true in the case of dry eye disease, which directly impacts the tear film and its components. Proteomic analysis of tear fluid is challenging mainly due to the wide dynamic range of proteins and the small sample volumes. However, recent advancements in mass spectrometry have revolutionized the field of proteomics enabling unprecedented depth, speed, and accuracy, even with small sample volumes. In this study using the Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer, we compared four different mass spectrometry workflows for the proteomic analysis of tear fluid collected via Schirmer strips. We were able to establish a method of in-strip protein digestion that identified >3000 proteins in human tear samples from 11 healthy subjects. Our method offers a significant improvement in the number of proteins identified compared to previously reported methods without pooling samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Grace Rountree
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Amy Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Sezer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Faura G, Boix-Lemonche G, Holmeide AK, Verkauskiene R, Volke V, Sokolovska J, Petrovski G. Colorimetric and Electrochemical Screening for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy-Application of Sensor Arrays and Machine Learning. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030718. [PMID: 35161465 PMCID: PMC8839630 DOI: 10.3390/s22030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, a selection of works on the sensing of biomarkers related to diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are presented, with the scope of helping and encouraging researchers to design sensor-array machine-learning (ML)-supported devices for robust, fast, and cost-effective early detection of these devastating diseases. First, we highlight the social relevance of developing systematic screening programs for such diseases and how sensor-arrays and ML approaches could ease their early diagnosis. Then, we present diverse works related to the colorimetric and electrochemical sensing of biomarkers related to DM and DR with non-invasive sampling (e.g., urine, saliva, breath, tears, and sweat samples), with a special mention to some already-existing sensor arrays and ML approaches. We finally highlight the great potential of the latter approaches for the fast and reliable early diagnosis of DM and DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Faura
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.F.); (G.B.-L.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerard Boix-Lemonche
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.F.); (G.B.-L.)
| | | | - Rasa Verkauskiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vallo Volke
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia;
- Institute of Biomedical and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Tartu University Hospital, L. Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Goran Petrovski
- Center for Eye Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (G.F.); (G.B.-L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-9222-6158
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Fan X, Xu M, Chen X, Ren Q, Fan Y, Wang R, Chen J, Cui L, Wang Z, Sun X, Guo N. Proteomic profiling and correlations with clinical features reveal biomarkers indicative of diabetic retinopathy with diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001391. [PMID: 36277688 PMCID: PMC9581084 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are complications of diabetes and place serious health and economic burdens on society. However, the identification and characterization of early biomarkers for DKD, especially for nonproliferative DR (NPDR) patients with DKD, are still needed. This study aimed to demonstrate the plasma proteomic profiles of NPDR+DKD and NPDR patients and identify potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of DKD. Fifteen plasma samples from the NPDR group and nine from the NPDR+DKD group were analyzed by LC-MS/MS to identify the differentially expressed proteins between the two groups. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction and clinical feature correlation analyses revealed the target protein candidates, which were verified using ELISA and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. In total, 410 proteins were detected in plasma; 15 were significantly upregulated and 7 were downregulated in the NPDR+DKD group. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that DKD is closely related to cell adhesion and immunity pathways. β-2-Microglobulin (B2M) and vimentin (VIM) were upregulated in NPDR+DKD, enriched as hub proteins and strongly correlated with clinical features. ELISA showed that B2M (p<0.001) and VIM (p<0.0001) were significantly upregulated in NPDR+DKD compared with NPDR. In ROC analysis, B2M and VIM could distinguish DKD from NPDR with area under the curve values of 0.9000 (p < 0.0001) and 0.9950. Our proteomic study revealed alterations in the proteomic profile and identified VIM and B2M as early biomarkers of DKD, laying the foundation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao’e Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao’e Fan,
| | - Manhong Xu
- Department of Vitreoretinal and Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research Center of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Vitreoretinal and Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin International Joint Research Center of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianfeng Ren
- Department of Pathology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Ranran Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Li Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Zhengmin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
| | - Nannan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jincheng People’s Hospital, Jincheng, China
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22
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Zhan X, Li J, Guo Y, Golubnitschaja O. Mass spectrometry analysis of human tear fluid biomarkers specific for ocular and systemic diseases in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2021; 12:449-475. [PMID: 34876936 PMCID: PMC8639411 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, a large number of non-communicable/chronic disorders reached an epidemic level on a global scale such as diabetes mellitus type 2, cardio-vascular disease, several types of malignancies, neurological and eye pathologies-all exerted system's enormous socio-economic burden to primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare. The paradigm change from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM/PPPM) has been declared as an essential transformation of the overall healthcare approach to benefit the patient and society at large. To this end, specific biomarker panels are instrumental for a cost-effective predictive approach of individualized prevention and treatments tailored to the person. The source of biomarkers is crucial for specificity and reliability of diagnostic tests and treatment targets. Furthermore, any diagnostic approach preferentially should be noninvasive to increase availability of the biomaterial, and to decrease risks of potential complications as well as concomitant costs. These requirements are clearly fulfilled by tear fluid, which represents a precious source of biomarker panels. The well-justified principle of a "sick eye in a sick body" makes comprehensive tear fluid biomarker profiling highly relevant not only for diagnostics of eye pathologies but also for prediction, prognosis, and treatment monitoring of systemic diseases. One prominent example is the Sicca syndrome linked to a cascade of severe complications that include dry eye, neurologic, and oncologic diseases. In this review, protein profiles in tear fluid are highlighted and corresponding biomarkers are exemplified for several relevant pathologies, including dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy, cancers, and neurological disorders. Corresponding analytical approaches such as sample pre-processing, differential proteomics, electrophoretic techniques, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), microarrays, and mass spectrometry (MS) methodology are detailed. Consequently, we proposed the overall strategies based on the tear fluid biomarkers application for 3P medicine practice. In the context of 3P medicine, tear fluid analytical pathways are considered to predict disease development, to target preventive measures, and to create treatment algorithms tailored to individual patient profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianquan Zhan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong First Medical University, 38 Wuying Shan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250031 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008 Hunan China
| | - Yuna Guo
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250117 Shandong China
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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23
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Khazaei H, Khazaei D, Verma R, Ng J, Wilmarth PA, David LL, Rosenbaum JT. The potential of tear proteomics for diagnosis and management of orbital inflammatory disorders including Graves' ophthalmopathy. Exp Eye Res 2021; 213:108813. [PMID: 34742692 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orbital compartments harbor a variety of tissues that can be independently targeted in a plethora of disorders resulting in sight-threatening risks. Orbital inflammatory disorders (OID) including Graves' ophthalmopathy, sarcoidosis, IgG4 disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and nonspecific orbital inflammation constitute an important cause of pain, diplopia and vision loss. Physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging, and even biopsy are not always adequate to classify orbital inflammation which is frequently deemed "nonspecific". Tear sampling and testing provide a potential "window" to the orbital disease process through a non-invasive technique that allows longitudinal sampling as the disease evolves. Using PubMed/Medline, we identified potentially relevant articles on tear proteomics published in the English language between 1988 and 2021. Of 303 citations obtained, 225 contained empirical data on tear proteins, including 33 publications on inflammatory conditions, 15 in glaucoma, 15 in thyroid eye disease, 1 in sarcoidosis (75) and 2 in uveitis (77,78). Review articles were used to identify an additional 56 relevant articles through citation search. In this review, we provide a short introduction to the potential use of tears as a diagnostic fluid and tool to investigate the mechanism of ocular diseases. A general review of previous tear proteomics studies is also provided, with a focus on Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), and a discussion of unmet needs in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital inflammatory disease (OID). The review concludes by pointing out current limitations of mass spectrometric analysis of tear proteins and summarizes future needs in the field.
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Shi Y, Jiang N, Bikkannavar P, Cordeiro MF, Yetisen AK. Ophthalmic sensing technologies for ocular disease diagnostics. Analyst 2021; 146:6416-6444. [PMID: 34591045 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01244d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care diagnosis and personalized treatments are critical in ocular physiology and disease. Continuous sampling of tear fluid for ocular diagnosis is a need for further exploration. Several techniques have been developed for possible ophthalmological applications, from traditional spectroscopies to wearable sensors. Contact lenses are commonly used devices for vision correction, as well as for other therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. They are increasingly being developed into ocular sensors, being used to sense and monitor biochemical analytes in tear fluid, ocular surface temperature, intraocular pressure, and pH value. These sensors have had success in detecting ocular conditions, optimizing pharmaceutical treatments, and tracking treatment efficacy in point-of-care settings. However, there is a paucity of new and effective instrumentation reported in ophthalmology. Hence, this review will summarize the applied ophthalmic technologies for ocular diagnostics and tear monitoring, including both conventional and biosensing technologies. Besides applications of smart readout devices for continuous monitoring, targeted biomarkers are also discussed for the convenience of diagnosis of various ocular diseases. A further discussion is also provided for future aspects and market requirements related to the commercialization of novel types of contact lens sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
| | - Nan Jiang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,ICORG, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ali K Yetisen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2BU, UK.
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25
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Alotaibi S, Markoulli M, Ozkan J, Papas E. Bio-chemical markers of chronic, non-infectious disease in the human tear film. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 105:166-176. [PMID: 34592130 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1974282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tear film is a thin, moist layer covering the ocular surface and is laden with proteins, peptides, lipids, mucins, electrolytes and cellular debris which function to maintain the healthy status of the ocular surface. In many cases of ocular or systemic disease, the integrity of this layer is changed and/or the balance of its constituents is disturbed. Since tears are easy and quick to collect and can be stored for long periods, they have the potential to be a valuable source of information relevant to many disease states. The purpose of this review is to collate information on the known biomarkers of systemic disease that have been identified in tears. The range of conditions covered includes diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, systemic sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, thyroid disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alotaibi
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria Markoulli
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jerome Ozkan
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Eric Papas
- Department of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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26
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Dammak A, Huete-Toral F, Carpena-Torres C, Martin-Gil A, Pastrana C, Carracedo G. From Oxidative Stress to Inflammation in the Posterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1376. [PMID: 34575451 PMCID: PMC8467715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most irreversible blindness observed with glaucoma and retina-related ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, have their origin in the posterior segment of the eye, making their physiopathology both complex and interconnected. In addition to the age factor, these diseases share the same mechanism disorder based essentially on oxidative stress. In this context, the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly by mitochondria and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation share a close pathophysiological process, appearing simultaneously and suggesting a relationship between both mechanisms. The biochemical end point of these two biological alarming systems is the release of different biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis. Furthermore, oxidative stress, initiating in the vulnerable tissue of the posterior segment, is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and inflammation, which are involved in each disease progression. In this review, we have analyzed (1) the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the back of the eye, (2) the importance of biomarkers, detected in systemic or ocular fluids, for the diagnosis of eye diseases based on recent studies, and (3) the treatment of posterior ocular diseases, based on long-term clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Dammak
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Carpena-Torres
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Alba Martin-Gil
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristina Pastrana
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
- Department of Optometry and Vsiion, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Kalló G, Varga AK, Szabó J, Emri M, Tőzsér J, Csutak A, Csősz É. Reduced Level of Tear Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Proteins as a Possible Reason for Higher Ocular Infections in Diabetic Patients. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070883. [PMID: 34358033 PMCID: PMC8308669 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders and a risk factor for bacterial ocular infections. Our aim was to examine the antibacterial activity of tears from patients with diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic retinopathy and to link this activity to the level of tear proteins. (2) Methods: Non-stimulated basal tears were collected from 39 eyes of 35 subjects. The antibacterial activity of tear pools was tested against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 26922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strains. The levels of 10 antimicrobial and immunomodulatory proteins were analyzed in the individual tear samples of the studied groups by SRM-based targeted mass spectrometry analysis. (3) Results: Disease stage-specific antimicrobial effect was observed in case of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 strain, and a non-disease specific inhibitory effect was observed in case of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain. Changes in the levels of the studied antimicrobial and immunomodulatory proteins in the tears of the studied groups were also observed. (4) Conclusions: The higher ocular infection rate observed in diabetic patients may be the consequence of the decreased antimicrobial activity of tears possibly caused by the changes in the levels of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (A.K.V.); (J.T.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Katalin Varga
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (A.K.V.); (J.T.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Medical Imaging, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - József Tőzsér
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (A.K.V.); (J.T.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Laboratory of Retroviral Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienne Csutak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Rákóczi út 2, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (A.K.V.); (J.T.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-416-432; Fax: +36-52-314-989
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28
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Sussadee M, Rucksaken R, Havanapan PO, Reamtong O, Thayananuphat A. Changes in tear protein profile in dogs with keratoconjunctivitis sicca following topical treatment using cyclosporine A. Vet World 2021; 14:1711-1717. [PMID: 34316222 PMCID: PMC8304416 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1711-1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) is a chronic inflammatory ocular disease that occurs in many dog breeds worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the tear protein pattern of healthy dogs, KCS dogs, and KCS dogs after treatment with cyclosporine A (CsA). Materials and Methods Twenty-eight dogs of any breed were enrolled in the study. The subjects were divided into three groups: Healthy, KCS, and CsA-treated dogs. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer strips. Tear proteins extracted from the strips were analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis. For the first dimension, total protein from tears was separated by isoelectric focusing. The second dimension was performed using 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gel images were analyzed and the protein spots of differential expression were manually cut for protein annotation using mass spectrometry. Results In total, 12 protein spots were excised and subjected to protein identification. Associated with KCS, six protein spots were a downregulated protein, namely, lysozyme. The other six protein spots were upregulated in KCS dogs, consisting of heat shock protein beta-1, protein S100-A12, and keratin type II cytoskeletal 1 and 5. After treatment with CsA for 45 days, the lysozyme protein was still decreasing and the inflammation protein (S100-A12) was not identified. Conclusion Inflammatory tear proteins and proteins involved in cellular stress were present in KCS dogs and appeared to be reduced in medicated eyes. Treatment with topical CsA in the short term may not improve the activity of antibacterial proteins. Changes in the expression patterns of these four proteins might be useful for disease severity and progression assessment, as well as for exploring a novel method for dry eye management in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metita Sussadee
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rucksak Rucksaken
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phattara-Orn Havanapan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya campus, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aree Thayananuphat
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Dennyson Savariraj A, Salih A, Alam F, Elsherif M, AlQattan B, Khan AA, Yetisen AK, Butt H. Ophthalmic Sensors and Drug Delivery. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2046-2076. [PMID: 34043907 PMCID: PMC8294612 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in multifunctional materials and technologies have allowed contact lenses to serve as wearable devices for continuous monitoring of physiological parameters and delivering drugs for ocular diseases. Since the tear fluids comprise a library of biomarkers, direct measurement of different parameters such as concentration of glucose, urea, proteins, nitrite, and chloride ions, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal temperature, and pH can be carried out non-invasively using contact lens sensors. Microfluidic contact lens sensor based colorimetric sensing and liquid control mechanisms enable the wearers to perform self-examinations at home using smartphones. Furthermore, drug-laden contact lenses have emerged as delivery platforms using a low dosage of drugs with extended residence time and increased ocular bioavailability. This review provides an overview of contact lenses for ocular diagnostics and drug delivery applications. The designs, working principles, and sensing mechanisms of sensors and drug delivery systems are reviewed. The potential applications of contact lenses in point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine, along with the significance of integrating multiplexed sensing units together with drug delivery systems, have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Salih
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad Alam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Elsherif
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bader AlQattan
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ammar A. Khan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department
of Physics, Lahore University of Management
Sciences, Lahore Cantonment 54792, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haider Butt
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University
of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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30
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Yang MT, Chang WH, Kuo TF, Shen MY, Yang CW, Tien YJ, Lai BY, Chen YR, Chang YC, Yang WC. Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Pre-diabetic Diagnosis Using a Combinational Approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:641336. [PMID: 33995275 PMCID: PMC8113970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.641336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable protein markers for pre-diabetes in humans are not clinically available. In order to identify novel and reliable protein markers for pre-diabetes in humans, healthy volunteers and patients diagnosed with pre-diabetes and stroke were recruited for blood collection. Blood samples were collected from healthy and pre-diabetic subjects 12 h after fasting. BMI was calculated from body weight and height. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin and albumin were assayed by automated clinical laboratory methods. We used a quantitative proteomics approach to identify 1074 proteins from the sera of pre-diabetic and healthy subjects. Among them, 500 proteins were then selected using Mascot analysis scores. Further, 70 out of 500 proteins were selected via volcano plot analysis according to their statistical significance and average relative protein ratio. Eventually, 7 serum proteins were singled out as candidate markers for pre-diabetes due to their diabetic relevance and statistical significance. Immunoblotting data demonstrated that laminin subunit alpha 2 (LAMA2), mixed-lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), and plexin domain containing 2 (PLXDC2) were expressed in pre-diabetic patients but not healthy volunteers. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the combination of the three proteins has greater diagnostic efficacy than any individual protein. Thus, LAMA2, MLL4 and PLXDC2 are novel and reliable serum protein markers for pre-diabetic diagnosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Fen Kuo
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wen Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Bun-Yueh Lai
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Winiarczyk D, Winiarczyk M, Winiarczyk S, Michalak K, Adaszek Ł. Proteomic Analysis of Tear Film Obtained from Diabetic Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122416. [PMID: 33348610 PMCID: PMC7766195 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine diabetes is a serious disease, which can lead to severe complications, eventually even death. Currently, all the diagnostic procedures are the invasive ones, with blood collection remaining as a golden standard for both initial diagnosis, and later follow-up. Tears can be obtained in a non-invasive manner, which makes them a perfect candidate for a screening tool in canine diabetes. In this study we aimed to analyze the protein composition of the tears collected from the healthy animals and compared it to the diabetic group. There are significant differences between these two groups, and we believe that the identified proteins hold promise as a potential diagnostic tool, which can be later on used both in clinical practice, and for better understanding of the disease. Abstract Canine diabetes mellitus is a significant health burden, followed with numerous systemic complications, including diabetic cataracts and retinopathy, leading to blindness. Diabetes should be considered as a disease damaging all the body organs, including gastrointestinal tract, through a complex combination of vascular and metabolic pathologies, leading to impaired gut function. Tear film can be obtained in a non-invasive way, which makes it a feasible biomarker source. In this study we compared proteomic changes ongoing in tear film of diabetic dogs. The study group consisted of 15 diabetic dogs, and 13 dogs served as a control group. After obtaining tear film with Schirmer strips, we performed 2-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by Delta2D software analysis, which allowed to select statistically significant differentially expressed proteins. After their identification with MALDI-TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption and ionisation time of flight) spectrometry we found one up-regulated protein in tear film of diabetic dogs—SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1 (SRCIN1). Eight proteins were down-regulated: phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase type 2 alpha (PI4KIIα), Pro-melanin concentrating hormone (Pro-MCH), Flotillin-1, Protein mono-ADP ribosyltransferase, GRIP and coiled coil domain containing protein 2, tetratricopeptide repeat protein 36, serpin, and Prelamin A/C. Identified proteins were analyzed by Panther Gene Ontology software, and their possible connections with diabetic etiopathology were discussed. We believe that this is the first study to target tear film proteome in canine diabetes. We believe that combined with traditional examination, the tear film proteomic analysis can be a new source of biomarkers both for clinical practice, and experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases of Small Animals, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Michalak
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.W.); (K.M.)
| | - Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.W.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Fluorescent aptasensor based on G-quadruplex-assisted structural transformation for the detection of biomarker lipocalin 1. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112607. [PMID: 32947081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading global cause of blindness in the working-age population. Early diagnosis and intervention can effectively reduce the risk for blindness. However, the current diagnostic methods in clinical practice remain constrained by nonquantitative examinations and individual ophthalmologists' experiences. Sensitive, specific and accurate detection of DR-specific biomarkers is an important approach to achieve its early and rapid diagnosis. In this study, a high-affinity aptamer APT12TM that specifically binds to the tear-derived DR biomarker lipocalin 1 was obtained. The aptamer APT12TM can be folded into a stable B-DNA structure, and its strong interaction with LCN 1, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, is an important factor for targeted recognition and high-affinity binding. A G-rich DNA fragment was further assembled at both ends of the aptamer APT12TM, and the B-DNA form was successfully converted into a parallel G-quadruplex. Most importantly, LCN 1 could induce further transformation of the G-quadruplex structure. Therefore, a fluorescent aptasensor based on G-quadruplex-assisted structural transformation was developed through the Thioflavin T mediator. The aptasensor exhibited a broad detection window from 0.25 to 1000 nM LCN 1, with a limit of detection of 0.2 nM. Furthermore, the aptasensor was applied to LCN 1 detection in artificial tear samples and displayed good reproducibility and stability. These results show that the developed aptasensor has significant potential for sensitive, specific and convenient detection of the DR-specific biomarker LCN 1.
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Yang H, Yang X, Wang Y, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Shao Y. Comparative analysis of the tear protein profile in herpes simplex virus type 1 epithelial keratitis. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:355. [PMID: 32867704 PMCID: PMC7461310 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness in the world, and an in-depth understanding of its pathogenesis may help improve existing diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this study is to compare and analysis the total tear protein profile of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients, and to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis. METHODS We investigated the proteome in tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects using nano-scale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. Functional annotation of differentially expressed proteins was done with the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. ELISA was done to quantify the potential candidate biomarkers in 26 clinical cases. RESULTS Tear fluid from three HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients and three healthy control subjects contained a total of 1275 proteins and 326 proteins were unique to tear fluid of HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that tear proteins from HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients may be involved in metabolic processes, antigen presentation, inflammatory response, and in the TNF-mediated and T cell receptor pathways. Furthermore, IL1A, IL12B, DEFB4A, and CAMP, which are associated with the inflammatory response and inhibition of viral infection, were significantly more abundant in the HSV-1 epithelial keratitis patients than in the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the proteomic profile of tears in HSV-1 epithelial keratitis for the first time and identifies a number of unique differentially expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaozhao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmology Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Northwestern University, Xi'an, 710002, Shaanxi Province, China
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Total Protein Concentration and Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Tears of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Optom Vis Sci 2020; 96:934-939. [PMID: 31834153 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Total protein concentration (TPC) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) concentration in tears are correlated with severity of retinopathy. However, minimal data are available in the literature for investigating tear TPC and TNF-α concentrations in Asian individuals with different severity of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). PURPOSE This study evaluated differences of TPC and TNF-α concentrations in tears at different severity of NPDR among participants with diabetes in comparison with normal participants. METHODS A total of 75 participants were categorized based on Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale, with 15 participants representing each group, namely, normal, diabetes without retinopathy, mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, and severe NPDR. All participants were screened using McMonnies questionnaire. Refraction was conducted subjectively. Visual acuity was measured using a LogMAR chart. Twenty-five microliters of basal tears was collected using glass capillary tubes. Total protein concentration and TNF-α concentrations were determined using Bradford assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS Mean ± SD age of participants (n = 75) was 57.88 ± 4.71 years, and participants scored equally in McMonnies questionnaire (P = .90). Mean visual acuity was significantly different in severe NPDR (P = .003). Mean tear TPC was significantly lower, and mean tear TNF-α concentration was significantly higher in moderate and severe NPDR (P < .001). Mean ± SD tear TPC and TNF-α concentrations for normal were 7.10 ± 1.53 and 1.39 ± 0.24 pg/mL; for diabetes without retinopathy, 6.37 ± 1.65 and 1.53 ± 0.27 pg/mL; for mild NPDR, 6.32 ± 2.05 and 1.60 ± 0.21 pg/mL; for moderate NPDR, 3.88 ± 1.38 and 1.99 ± 0.05 pg/mL; and for severe NPDR, 3.64 ± 1.26 and 2.21 ± 0.04 pg/mL, respectively. Tear TPC and TNF-α concentrations were significantly correlated (r = -0.50, P < .0001). Visual acuity was significantly correlated with tear TPC (r = -0.236, P = .04) and TNF-α concentrations (r = 0.432, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study identified differences in tear TPC and TNF-α concentrations with increasing severity of NPDR.
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Wang JY, Kwon JS, Hsu SM, Chuang HS. Sensitive tear screening of diabetic retinopathy with dual biomarkers enabled using a rapid electrokinetic patterning platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:356-362. [PMID: 31848562 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00975b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bead-based immunosensors have intrigued the scientific community over the past decades due to their rapid and multiplexed capabilities in the detection of various biological targets. Nevertheless, their use in the detection of low-abundance analytes remains a continuing challenge because of their limited number of active enrichment approaches. To this end, our research presents a delicate microbead enrichment technique using an optoelectrokinetic platform, followed by the detection of dual biomarkers for the sensitive screening of an eye disease termed diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this study, microbeads turned fluorescent as their surfaces formed sandwiched immunocomplexes in the presence of target antigens. The tiny fluorescent dots were then concentrated using the optoelectrokinetic platform for the enhancement of their signals. The signal rapidly escalated in 10 s, and the optimal limit of detection was nearly 100 pg mL-1. For practical DR screening, two biomarkers, lipocalin 1 (LCN1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were used. Approximately 20 μL of analytes were collected from the tear samples of the tested patients. The concentrations of both biomarkers showed escalating trends with the severity of DR. Two concentration thresholds of LCN1 and VEGF that indicate proliferative DR were determined out of 24 clinical samples based on the receiver operating characteristic curves. For verification, a single-blind test was conducted with additional clinical tear samples from five random subjects. The final outcome of this evaluation showed an accuracy of >80%. This non-invasive screening provides a potential means for the early diagnosis of DR and may increase the screening rate among the high-risk diabetic population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Jae-Sung Kwon
- Division of Thermal and Fluids Science, Institute for Computational Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. and Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan and Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
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Proteomic Biomarkers of Retinal Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194755. [PMID: 31557880 PMCID: PMC6801709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a sight-threatening neurovasculopathy, is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world. DR arises as the result of prolonged hyperglycemia and is characterized by leaky retinal vasculature, retinal ischemia, retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and neovascularization. The number of DR patients is growing with an increase in the elderly population, and therapeutic approaches are limited, therefore, new therapies to prevent retinal injury and enhance repair are a critical unmet need. Besides vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced vascular proliferation, several other mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, including vascular inflammation. Thus, combining anti-VEGF therapy with other new therapies targeting these pathophysiological pathways of DR may further optimize treatment outcomes. Technological advancements have allowed for high-throughput proteomic studies examining biofluids such as aqueous humor, vitreous humor, tear, and serum. Many DR biomarkers have been identified, especially proteins involved in retinal inflammatory processes. This review attempts to summarize the proteomic biomarkers of DR-associated retinal inflammation identified over the last several years.
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Moreddu R, Vigolo D, Yetisen AK. Contact Lens Technology: From Fundamentals to Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900368. [PMID: 31183972 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Contact lenses are ocular prosthetic devices used by over 150 million people worldwide. Primary applications of contact lenses include vision correction, therapeutics, and cosmetics. Contact lens materials have significantly evolved over time to minimize adverse effects associated with contact lens wearing, to maintain a regular corneal metabolism, and to preserve tear film stability. This article encompasses contact lens technology, including materials, chemical and physical properties, manufacturing processes, microbial contamination, and ocular complications. The function and the composition of the tear fluid are discussed to assess its potential as a diagnostic media. The regulatory standards of contact lens devices with regard to biocompatibility and contact lens market are presented. Future prospects in contact lens technology are evaluated, with particular interest given to theranostic applications for in situ continuous monitoring the ocular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Moreddu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Daniele Vigolo
- School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Birmingham B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Ali K. Yetisen
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College London SW7 2AZ London UK
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Dor M, Eperon S, Lalive PH, Guex-Crosier Y, Hamedani M, Salvisberg C, Turck N. Investigation of the global protein content from healthy human tears. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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The Effects of Diabetic Duration on Lacrimal Functional Unit in Patients with Type II Diabetes. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:8127515. [PMID: 30766731 PMCID: PMC6350560 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8127515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To observe ocular surface changes in Type II diabetic patients with different disease durations and to understand the correlations between clinical parameters and diabetic durations. Methods In this cross-sectional, prospective study, 51 healthy controls and 91 patients with Type II diabetes were enrolled. The diabetics were divided into 3 subgroups according to the disease duration, including duration <10 y group, 10 to 20 y group, and ≥21 y group. All subjects underwent clinical ocular examinations, including lipid layer thickness (LLT), blinking rate, tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-BUT), meibography, superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) scoring, corneal sensitivity, and Schirmer I test. They were also evaluated using the standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire. Results SPEED score, meiboscore, SPK score, LLT, Schirmer I test, and corneal sensitivity differed significantly between the diabetic and healthy control groups. Further, SPEED score, Schirmer I test, corneal sensitivity, meiboscore, and blink rate significantly differed among the 3 diabetic subgroups and the control group. In diabetics, the SPEED score correlated with the SPK score, blink rate, TMH, and LLT; NI-BUT with TMH, LLT, and blink rate; TMH with the SPK score; Schirmer I test with the SPK score; and corneal sensitivity with the meiboscore. More importantly, the Schirmer I test, corneal sensitivity, and SPEED score negatively correlated with diabetic duration. Conclusion Diabetic duration is an important factor that affects functions of the lacrimal functional unit in patients with Type II diabetes. The trends of changes in the ocular parameters vary along the course of diabetes.
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Tseng RC, Chen CC, Hsu SM, Chuang HS. Contact-Lens Biosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E2651. [PMID: 30104496 PMCID: PMC6111605 DOI: 10.3390/s18082651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and screening of diseases have become increasingly important in predictive and preventive medicine as they improve patient treatment strategies and reduce cost as well as burden on our healthcare system. In this regard, wearable devices are emerging as effective and reliable point-of-care diagnostics that can allow users to monitor their health at home. These wrist-worn, head-mounted, smart-textile, or smart-patches devices can offer valuable information on the conditions of patients as a non-invasive form of monitoring. However, they are significantly limited in monitoring physiological signals and biomechanics, and, mostly, rely on the physical attributes. Recently, developed wearable devices utilize body fluids, such as sweat, saliva, or skin interstitial fluid, and electrochemical interactions to allow continuous physiological condition and disease monitoring for users. Among them, tear fluid has been widely utilized in the investigation of ocular diseases, diabetes, and even cancers, because of its easy accessibility, lower complexity, and minimal invasiveness. By determining the concentration change of analytes within the tear fluid, it would be possible to identify disease progression and allow patient-oriented therapies. Considering the emerging trend of tear-based biosensing technology, this review article aims to focus on an overview of the tear fluid as a detection medium for certain diseases, such as ocular disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In addition, the rise and application of minimally invasive detection and monitoring via integrated contact lens biosensors will also be addressed, in regards to their practicality and current developmental progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Chang Tseng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chuen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan City 704, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
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Safi H, Ahmadieh H, Safi S, Hafezi-Moghadam A. Authors' reply. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 64:133. [PMID: 30096333 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Safi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sare Safi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Hafezi-Moghadam
- Molecular Biomarkers Nano-Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Grzybowski A, Kanclerz P. Early detection of diabetic retinopathy with flicker electroretinography, proteomics, and oximetry. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 64:132-133. [PMID: 30092247 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland; Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, Poznan, Poland.
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Huang Z, Du CX, Pan XD. The use of in-strip digestion for fast proteomic analysis on tear fluid from dry eye patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200702. [PMID: 30074997 PMCID: PMC6075744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tear is an accessible fluid for exploring biomarkers of dry eye disease. This study describes a fast proteomic method by LC-Q-orbitrap-MS analysis with in-strip digestion and investigates the tear proteome of dry eye patients. Schirmer’s strips were used for collection of tear fluid from patients. These strips were cut into pieces and directly digested with trypsin before mass spectrometry analysis. The data showed that more than 50 proteins were found in tear fluid from dry eye patients. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation showed that most of proteins were transfer/carrier proteins, hydrolyses, enzyme modulators and signaling molecules. Targeted proteomics strategy revealed that 18 proteins were differentially expressed in dry eye patients. Furthermore, it was showed that the common post-translational modification in tear proteins is deamidation of Asn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Chi-Xin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiao-Dong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Lv Y, Zhao S. What is the best strategy on detection of cornea neuropathy in people with diabetes? Recent advances in potential measurements. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 142:203-212. [PMID: 29596948 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are well-acknowledged clinical or pre-clinical measurements concerning diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The current gold standard for diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is nerve conduction suitable for detecting large nerve fiber function and intraepidermal nerve fiber density assessment for small fiber damage evaluation [2]. The lack of a sensitive, non-invasive, and repeatable endpoint to measure changes in small nerve fibers is a major factor holding back clinical trials for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. As cornea is the most densely innerved tissue, assessing corneal nerves' structure and function will be promising to predict and assess the degree of DPN. In the diabetic micro-environment, damaged corneal nerves lead to decreased corneal sensitivity, both of which resulting in abnormal tear function. According to this theory, the measurements of nerve structure, corneal sensitivity, tear secretion and tear components, to some extent, can reveal and assess the state of corneal neuropathy. This review focuses on summarizing the knowledge of the latest detective methods of diabetic corneal neuropathy, popular in use or possible to further in study and be applied into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lv
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Shaozhen Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Li J, Lu Q, Lu P. Quantitative proteomics analysis of vitreous body from type 2 diabetic patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:151. [PMID: 29940965 PMCID: PMC6020172 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To compare the abundance of vitreous proteins between the patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and idiopathic macular hole (IMH). Methods In this study, we performed mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of vitreous samples from type 2 diabetic patients with PDR (n = 9) and IMH subjects (n = 9) and identified the abundance of 610 proteins. Results Out of 610 proteins, 64 proteins (Group A) were unique to PDR patients, while 212 proteins (Group B) could be identified in IMH vitreous only. Among the other 334 proteins that could be detected in both PDR and IMH eyes, 62 proteins differed significantly (p < 0.05, fold change > 2), which included 52 proteins (Group C) and 10 proteins (Group D) over- and under-expressed in PDR vitreous compared with the control. All proteins in these four groups were counted as significant proteins in our study. Conclusions We identified and quantified 610 proteins in total, which included 338 significant proteins in our study. Protein distribution analysis demonstrated a clear separation of protein expression in PDR and IMH. The protein function analysis illustrated that immunity and transport related proteins might be associated with PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Winiarczyk M, Kaarniranta K, Winiarczyk S, Adaszek Ł, Winiarczyk D, Mackiewicz J. Tear film proteome in age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1127-1139. [PMID: 29696386 PMCID: PMC5956098 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-3984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main reason for blindness in elderly people in the developed countries. Current screening protocols have limitations in detecting the early signs of retinal degeneration. Therefore, it would be desirable to find novel biomarkers for early detection of AMD. Development of novel biomarkers would help in the prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of AMD. Proteomic analysis of tear film has shown promise in this research area. If an optimal set of biomarkers could be obtained from accessible body fluids, it would represent a reliable way to monitor disease progression and response to novel therapies. Methods Tear films were collected on Schirmer strips from a total of 22 patients (8 with wet AMD, 6 with dry AMD, and 8 control individuals). 2D electrophoresis was used to separate tear film proteins prior to their identification with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight spectrometer (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and matching with functional databases. Results A total of 342 proteins were identified. Most of them were previously described in various proteomic studies concerning AMD. Shootin-1, histatin-3, fidgetin-like protein 1, SRC kinase signaling inhibitor, Graves disease carrier protein, actin cytoplasmic 1, prolactin-inducible protein 1, and protein S100-A7A were upregulated in the tear film samples isolated from AMD patients and were not previously linked with this disease in any proteomic analysis. Conclusion The upregulated proteins supplement our current knowledge of AMD pathogenesis, providing evidence that certain specific proteins are expressed into the tear film in AMD. As far we are aware, this is the first study to have undertaken a comprehensive in-depth analysis of the human tear film proteome in AMD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00417-018-3984-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Winiarczyk
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stanisław Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Adaszek
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagmara Winiarczyk
- Department of Epizootiology, University of Life Sciences of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Mackiewicz
- Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Tuerxunyiming M, Xian F, Zi J, Yimamu Y, Abuduwayite R, Ren Y, Li Q, Abudula A, Liu S, Mohemaiti P. Quantitative Evaluation of Serum Proteins Uncovers a Protein Signature Related to Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY). J Proteome Res 2018; 17:670-679. [PMID: 29182332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an inherited monogenic type of diabetes. Genetic mutations in MODY often cause nonsynonymous changes that directly lead to the functional distortion of proteins and the pathological consequences. Herein, we proposed that the inherited mutations found in a MODY family could cause a disturbance of protein abundance, specifically in serum. The serum samples were collected from a Uyghur MODY family through three generations, and the serum proteins after depletion treatment were examined by quantitative proteomics to characterize the MODY-related serum proteins followed by verification using target quantification of proteomics. A total of 32 serum proteins were preliminarily identified as the MODY-related. Further verification test toward the individual samples demonstrated the 12 candidates with the significantly different abundance in the MODY patients. A comparison of the 12 proteins among the sera of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, MODY, and healthy subjects was conducted and revealed a protein signature related with MODY composed of the serum proteins such as SERPINA7, APOC4, LPA, C6, and F5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Xian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zi
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | | | | | - Yan Ren
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Qidan Li
- Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | | | - SiQi Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.,Proteomics Division, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
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At'kova EL, Reyn DA, Yartsev VD, Subbot AM. [Influence of TGF-β cytokine and a number of other biochemical factors on regenerative process]. Vestn Oftalmol 2017; 133:89-96. [PMID: 28980572 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2017133489-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Scarring is one of the main causes of surgical failure in a number of eye diseases, dacryologic conditions in particular. The process of wound healing, including postoperative wound healing, goes through several stages mediated by various biochemical factors, such as growth factors and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The balance between the latter directly influences the wound healing. However, current data on the effect of these factors on postoperative outcomes are few and contradictory. Thus, in dacryology as well as in other areas of ophthalmology, the role of cytokines and growth factors in healing of surgical wounds is being intensively researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L At'kova
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - D A Reyn
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - V D Yartsev
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
| | - A M Subbot
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, 11, A, B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021
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Kecskemeti A, Nagy C, Csosz E, Kallo G, Gaspar A. The application of a microfluidic reactor including spontaneously adsorbed trypsin for rapid protein digestion of human tear samples. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kecskemeti
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Cynthia Nagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Eva Csosz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Gergo Kallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
| | - Attila Gaspar
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Debrecen Hungary
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Rentka A, Koroskenyi K, Harsfalvi J, Szekanecz Z, Szucs G, Szodoray P, Kemeny-Beke A. Evaluation of commonly used tear sampling methods and their relevance in subsequent biochemical analysis. Ann Clin Biochem 2017; 54:521-529. [DOI: 10.1177/0004563217695843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The human precorneal tear film is a special body fluid, since it is a complex mixture of proteins, lipids, small bioactive molecules, and their concentrations and relative distribution represent not only the metabolic state of the ocular surface but also the systemic and local homeostasis of the outer eye and the human body. This suggests that biochemical analysis of the precorneal tear film composition may provide a non-invasive tool for diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression or treatment efficacy in human medicine. However, collecting tears is demanding, and obtaining reproducible and unaltered samples is challenging because of the small sample volumes of tears. Several methods are available for tear collection as a preparatory step of precorneal tear film analysis, and the collection method used has to be assessed since it has a critical impact on the effectiveness of the assays and on the quality of the results. Each sampling method has advantages and disadvantages; therefore, it is not easy to choose the appropriate collecting method for tear collection. To overcome these limitations various methods have been recommended by different authors for special aspects of specific tests. The aim of our review was to evaluate tear sampling methods with regard to our ongoing biochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniko Rentka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Koroskenyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Signaling and Apoptosis Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Center of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jolan Harsfalvi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szucs
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Szodoray
- Institute of Immunology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adam Kemeny-Beke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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