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Silveira BKS, Silva AD, Rocha DMUP, Waskow K, Martino HSD, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) Consumption in Energy-Restricted Intervention Decreases Proinflammatory Markers and Intestinal Permeability of Women with Overweight/Obesity: A Controlled Trial (Brazilian Nuts Study). J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00397-3. [PMID: 39025334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The Brazil nut (BN) (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) appears to be a promising dietary intervention to control inflammation by enhancing antioxidant defenses. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effect of daily BN consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and IP in the context of an energy-restricted intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated the correlation between the changes in these inflammatory markers and the changes in serum selenium and IP. METHODS In this 8-wk nonrandomized controlled trial, 56 women with overweight or obesity were allocated into 2 groups, both following an energy-restricted diet (-500 kcal/d). The control group (CO) consumed a nut-free diet, while the BN group consumed 8 g BN/d, providing 347.2 μg selenium (Se). Inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in plasma and Se in serum. IP was assessed using the lactulose/mannitol test (LM ratio). RESULTS Forty-six women completed the intervention. Both groups achieved similar energy restriction (CO Δ= -253.7 ± 169.4 kcal/d; BN Δ= -265.8 ± 141.8 kcal/d) and weight loss (CO Δ= -2.5 ± 0.5 kg; BN Δ= -3.5 ± 0.5 kg). The BN group showed lower values of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)1-β, IL-8, percentage lactulose excretion, and LM ratio than the CO group. Additionally, changes in serum Se concentration were predictive of changes in IL-8 concentration (β: -0.054; adjusted R2: 0.100; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.100; -0.007; P = 0.025), and changes in IL-8 were predictive of changes in the LM ratio (β: 0.006; adjusted R2: 0.101; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.011; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Regular intake of BNs can be a promising complementary dietary strategy for controlling low-grade inflammation and improving IP in women with overweight/obesity undergoing energy-restricted treatment. However, the effects of BNs seem to be Se status-dependent. This trial was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3ntxrm/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Karina Waskow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Massier L, Musat N, Stumvoll M, Tremaroli V, Chakaroun R, Kovacs P. Tissue-resident bacteria in metabolic diseases: emerging evidence and challenges. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1209-1224. [PMID: 38898236 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Although the impact of the gut microbiome on health and disease is well established, there is controversy regarding the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria and their products in organs and tissues. However, recent contamination-aware findings of tissue-resident microbial signatures provide accumulating evidence in support of bacterial translocation in cardiometabolic disease. The latter provides a distinct paradigm for the link between microbial colonizers of mucosal surfaces and host metabolism. In this Perspective, we re-evaluate the concept of tissue-resident bacteria including their role in metabolic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. We examine the limitations and challenges associated with studying low bacterial biomass samples and propose experimental and analytical strategies to overcome these issues. Our Perspective aims to encourage further investigation of the mechanisms linking tissue-resident bacteria to host metabolism and their potentially actionable health implications for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niculina Musat
- Aarhus University, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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Sapp PA, Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Govaert M, Duysburgh C, Verstrepen L, Marzorati M, Marshall TM, Esposito R. AG1 ®, a Novel Synbiotic, Maintains Gut Barrier Function following Inflammatory Challenge in a Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ Co-Culture Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1263. [PMID: 39065031 PMCID: PMC11278950 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) permeability are of significant interest to physically active adults and those experiencing chronic health conditions. This in vitro study was designed to assess the impact of AG1, a novel synbiotic, on GI permeability following an inflammatory challenge. Interventions [AG1 (vitamins/minerals, pre-/probiotics, and phytonutrients) and control (control medium)] were fed separately into a human GI tract model (stomach, small intestine, and colon). In the colonic phase, the GI contents were combined with fecal inocula from three healthy human donors. GI permeability was evaluated with transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in a Caco-2 (apical)/THP1-Blue™ (basolateral) co-culture model. The apical side received sodium butyrate (positive control) or Caco-2 complete medium (negative control) during baseline testing. In the 24 h experiment, the apical side received colonic simulation isolates from the GI model, and the basolateral side was treated with Caco-2 complete medium, then 6 h treatment with lipopolysaccharide. TEER was assessed at 0 h and 24 h, and inflammatory markers were measured at 30 h in triplicate. Paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate endpoint mean difference (MD) for AG1 vs. control. TEER was higher for AG1 (mean ± SD: 99.89 ± 1.32%) vs. control (mean ± SD: 92.87 ± 1.22%) following activated THP1-induced damage [MD: 7.0% (p < 0.05)]. AG1 maintained TEER similar to the level of the negative control [-0.1% (p = 0.02)]. No differences in inflammatory markers were observed. These in vitro data suggest that acute supplementation with AG1 might stimulate protective effects on GI permeability. These changes may be driven by SCFA production due to the pre-/probiotic properties of AG1, but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Sapp
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Health & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - Trevor O. Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BVBA, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tess M. Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Sun A, Yang H, Li T, Luo J, Zhou L, Chen R, Han L, Lin Y. Molecular mechanisms, targets and clinical potential of berberine in regulating metabolism: a review focussing on databases and molecular docking studies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1368950. [PMID: 38957396 PMCID: PMC11217548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1368950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Metabolic imbalance is the common basis of many diseases. As natural isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine (BBR) has shown great promise in regulating glucose and lipids metabolism and treating metabolic disorders. However, the related mechanism still lacks systematic research. Aim: To discuss the role of BBR in the whole body's systemic metabolic regulation and further explore its therapeutic potential and targets. Method: Based on animal and cell experiments, the mechanism of BBR regulating systemic metabolic processes is reviewed. Potential metabolism-related targets were summarized using Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), DrugBank, GeneCards, and cutting-edge literature. Molecular modeling was applied to explore BBR binding to the potential targets. Results: BBR regulates the whole-body metabolic response including digestive, circulatory, immune, endocrine, and motor systems through adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), sirtuin (SIRT)1/forkhead box O (FOXO)1/sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf) 2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and other signaling pathways. Through these reactions, BBR exerts hypoglycemic, lipid-regulating, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and immune regulation. Molecular docking results showed that BBR could regulate metabolism targeting FOXO3, Nrf2, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) 4 and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA). Evaluating the target clinical effects, we found that BBR has the therapeutic potential of anti-aging, anti-cancer, relieving kidney disease, regulating the nervous system, and alleviating other chronic diseases. Conclusion: This review elucidates the interaction between potential targets and small molecular metabolites by exploring the mechanism of BBR regulating metabolism. That will help pharmacologists to identify new promising metabolites interacting with these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aru Sun
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinli Luo
- China Traditional Chinese Medicine Holdings Co. Limited, Guangdong e-fong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Foshan, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital South Campus, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zeng M, Hodges JK, Pokala A, Khalafi M, Sasaki GY, Pierson J, Cao S, Brock G, Yu Z, Zhu J, Vodovotz Y, Bruno RS. A green tea extract confection decreases circulating endotoxin and fasting glucose by improving gut barrier function but without affecting systemic inflammation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthy adults and adults with metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2024; 124:94-110. [PMID: 38430822 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and absorption of gut-derived endotoxin. However, translation to human health has not been established. We hypothesized that GTE would reduce endotoxemia by decreasing gut permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation in persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with healthy persons. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy adults (n = 19, 34 ± 2 years) and adults with MetS (n = 21, 40 ± 3 years) examined 4-week administration of a decaffeinated GTE confection (890 mg/d total catechins) on serum endotoxin, intestinal permeability, gut and systemic inflammation, and cardiometabolic parameters. Compared with the placebo, the GTE confection decreased serum endotoxin (P = .023) in both healthy persons and those with MetS, while increasing concentrations of circulating catechins (P < .0001) and γ-valerolactones (P = .0001). Fecal calprotectin (P = .029) and myeloperoxidase (P = .048) concentrations were decreased by GTE regardless of health status. Following the ingestion of gut permeability probes, urinary lactose/mannitol (P = .043) but not sucralose/erythritol (P > .05) was decreased by GTE regardless of health status. No between-treatment differences (P > .05) were observed for plasma aminotransferases, blood pressure, plasma lipids, or body mass nor were plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, or the ratio of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/soluble cluster of differentiation-14 affected. However, fasting glucose in both study groups was decreased (P = .029) by the GTE confection compared with within-treatment arm baseline concentrations. These findings demonstrate that catechin-rich GTE is effective to decrease circulating endotoxin and improve glycemic control in healthy adults and those with MetS, likely by reducing gut inflammation and small intestinal permeability but without affecting systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joanna K Hodges
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Avinash Pokala
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mona Khalafi
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jillian Pierson
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sisi Cao
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yael Vodovotz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Kelly Souza Silveira B, Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha D, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Grancieri M, Juste Contin Gomes M, Cuquetto Mantovani H, Bressan J, Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff H. Daily Cashew and Brazil Nut Consumption Modifies Intestinal Health in Overweight Women on Energy-Restricted Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Brazilian Nuts Study). J Nutr 2024; 154:962-977. [PMID: 38246355 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased intestinal permeability and dysbiosis are related to obesity. Nuts can provide nutrients and bioactive compounds that modulate gut microbiota and inflammation, enhancing the beneficial effects of weight loss. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of consuming cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) and Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K) on intestinal permeability and microbiota, fecal SCFAs and pH, inflammation, and weight loss in energy restriction condition. METHODS In this 8-week randomized controlled trial, 40 women with overweight or obesity were assigned to energy-restricted groups (-500 kcal/d): control group (free of nuts) or Brazilian nuts group (BN: 30 g of cashew nuts and 15 g of Brazil nuts per day). Permeability was analyzed by the lactulose/mannitol test and the microbiota by sequencing the 16S gene in the V3-V4 regions. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, IL-17A) and C-reactive protein were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 25 women completed the intervention. Both groups lost weight without statistical differences. Lactulose excretion increased only in the control group (P < 0.05). The BN consumption increased fecal propionic acid and potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Roseburia, strains NK4A214 and UCG-002 from the Ruminococcaceae family, but also Lachnospiraceae family, Bacteroides, and Lachnoclostridium, when compared to the control group. Changes in intestinal permeability were correlated to a greater reduction in body fat (kg), and IL-8, and increases in Ruminococcus abundance. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a positive impact of BN consumption within an energy-restricted context, linked to the augmentation of potentially beneficial bacteria and pathways associated with body fat reduction. Besides, BN consumption mitigated increased intestinal permeability, although its capacity to diminish permeability or enhance weight loss proved limited. This trial was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials as ReBEC (ID: RBR-3ntxrm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Grancieri
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mariana Juste Contin Gomes
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani
- Anaerobic Microbioloy Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Frühbeck G, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Mentxaka A, Valentí V, Moncada R, Reina G, Baixauli J, Casado M, Silva C, Escalada J, Catalán V. Decreased expression of the NLRP6 inflammasome is associated with increased intestinal permeability and inflammation in obesity with type 2 diabetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:77. [PMID: 38315242 PMCID: PMC10844155 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated dysfunctional intestinal permeability contributes to systemic chronic inflammation leading to the development of metabolic diseases. The inflammasomes constitute essential components in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. We aimed to determine the impact of the inflammasomes in the regulation of gut barrier dysfunction and metabolic inflammation in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Blood samples obtained from 80 volunteers (n = 20 normal weight, n = 21 OB without T2D, n = 39 OB with T2D) and a subgroup of jejunum samples were used in a case-control study. Circulating levels of intestinal damage markers and expression levels of inflammasomes as well as their main effectors (IL-1β and IL-18) and key inflammation-related genes were analyzed. The impact of inflammation-related factors, different metabolites and Akkermansia muciniphila in the regulation of inflammasomes and intestinal integrity genes was evaluated. The effect of blocking NLRP6 by using siRNA in inflammation was also studied. RESULTS Increased circulating levels (P < 0.01) of the intestinal damage markers endotoxin, LBP, and zonulin in patients with obesity decreased (P < 0.05) after weight loss. Patients with obesity and T2D exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) jejunum gene expression levels of NLRP6 and its main effector IL18 together with increased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of inflammatory markers. We further showed that while NLRP6 was primarily localized in goblet cells, NLRP3 was localized in the intestinal epithelial cells. Additionally, decreased (P < 0.05) mRNA levels of Nlrp1, Nlrp3 and Nlrp6 in the small intestinal tract obtained from rats with diet-induced obesity were found. NLRP6 expression was regulated by taurine, parthenolide and A. muciniphila in the human enterocyte cell line CCL-241. Finally, a significant decrease (P < 0.01) in the expression and release of MUC2 after the knockdown of NLRP6 was observed. CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of intestinal damage markers together with the downregulation of NLRP6 and IL18 in the jejunum in obesity-associated T2D suggest a defective inflammasome sensing, driving to an impaired epithelial intestinal barrier that may regulate the progression of multiple obesity-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Mentxaka
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcos Casado
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Escalada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII, 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Wojcik-Grzybek D, Sliwowski Z, Kwiecien S, Ginter G, Surmiak M, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Chmura A, Wojcik A, Kosciolek T, Danielak A, Targosz A, Strzalka M, Szczyrk U, Ptak-Belowska A, Magierowski M, Bilski J, Brzozowski T. Alkaline Phosphatase Relieves Colitis in Obese Mice Subjected to Forced Exercise via Its Anti-Inflammatory and Intestinal Microbiota-Shaping Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:703. [PMID: 38255781 PMCID: PMC10815191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an enzyme that plays a protective role in the gut. This study investigated the effect of IAP treatment on experimental colitis in mice subjected to forced exercise on a high-fat diet. C57BL/6 mice with TNBS colitis were fed a high-fat diet and subjected to forced treadmill exercise with or without IAP treatment. Disease activity, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and gut microbiota were assessed. Forced exercise exacerbated colitis in obese mice, as evidenced by increased disease activity index (DAI), oxidative stress markers, and proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines. IAP treatment significantly reduced these effects and promoted the expression of barrier proteins in the colonic mucosa. Additionally, IAP treatment altered the gut microbiota composition, favoring beneficial Verrucomicrobiota and reducing pathogenic Clostridia and Odoribacter. IAP treatment ameliorates the worsening effect of forced exercise on murine colitis by attenuating oxidative stress, downregulating proinflammatory biomarkers, and modulating the gut microbiota. IAP warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wojcik-Grzybek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Anna Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Adrianna Wojcik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Tomasz Kosciolek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Danielak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Malgorzata Strzalka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Urszula Szczyrk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
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9
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van Kempen TATG, Hulshof TG, Gerrits WJJ, Zijlstra RT. Review: The amazing gain-to-feed ratio of newly weaned piglets: sign of efficiency or deficiency? Animal 2023; 17:100987. [PMID: 37820408 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Shortly after weaning, piglets generally eat dry feed poorly; but nevertheless, a phenomenal gain-to-feed ratio is achieved as they gain about as much weight as they eat (150-200 g/d). The high gain-to-feed ratio, though, cannot be explained by their nutrient intake or nutrient repartitioning. Analyses based on tissue composition and bio-electrical impedance data showed that newly weaned piglets lose fat, maintain protein, and gain large amounts of water because of edema. This edema, which may well contribute up to one kg of BW, seems to be triggered by refeeding syndrome. Refeeding syndrome in adult humans occurs when subjects fast for an extended period of time (weeks) that results in downshifts in metabolic activity and concomitant shedding of phosphate (PO4), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) in urine. If food is abruptly reintroduced, thus, resulting in strong insulin spikes, metabolism is triggered but hampered by a lack of PO4, Mg, K, and thiamine, causing hypophosphatemia, metabolic stress, and edema. In piglets, the same process appears to happen immediately after weaning but in hours rather than weeks, possibly linked to their high metabolic rate. Refeeding syndrome can be lethal in humans but does not appear to be directly lethal in piglets. Our attempts to prevent it through altered diet composition and/or controlled feeding programs have not resulted in better performance at the end of the nursery phase. A practical ramification of weaning-induced edema is that growth and gain-to-feed ratio data immediately after weaning should be interpreted with caution. In addition, diets arguably should be formulated to not strongly trigger insulin release, while high lysine levels are not needed as the gain is not based on protein accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo A T G van Kempen
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA.
| | | | - Walter J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700AH, the Netherlands
| | - Ruurd T Zijlstra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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10
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Pan X, Wang L, Liu J, Earp JC, Yang Y, Yu J, Li F, Bi Y, Bhattaram A, Zhu H. Model-Informed Approaches to Support Drug Development for Patients With Obesity: A Regulatory Perspective. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63 Suppl 2:S65-S77. [PMID: 37942906 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, which is defined as having a body mass index of 30 kg/m2 or greater, has been recognized as a serious health problem that increases the risk of many comorbidities (eg, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes) and mortality. The high prevalence of individuals who are classified as obese calls for additional considerations in clinical trial design. Nevertheless, gaining a comprehensive understanding of how obesity affects the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and efficacy of drugs proves challenging, primarily as obese patients are seldom selected for enrollment at the early stages of drug development. Over the past decade, model-informed drug development (MIDD) approaches have been increasingly used in drug development programs for obesity and its related diseases as they use and integrate all available sources and knowledge to inform and facilitate clinical drug development. This review summarizes the impact of obesity on PK, PD, and the efficacy of drugs and, more importantly, provides an overview of the use of MIDD approaches in drug development and regulatory decision making for patients with obesity: estimating PK, PD, and efficacy in specific dosing scenarios, optimizing dose regimen, and providing evidence for seeking new indication(s). Recent review cases using MIDD approaches to support dose selection and provide confirmatory evidence for effectiveness for patients with obesity, including pediatric patients, are discussed. These examples demonstrate the promise of MIDD as a valuable tool in supporting clinical trial design during drug development and facilitating regulatory decision-making processes for the benefit of patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Pan
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Division of Cardiometabolic and Endocrine Pharmacology, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Justin C Earp
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yuching Yang
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jingyu Yu
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Youwei Bi
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Atul Bhattaram
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Division of Pharmacometrics, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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11
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D'Antongiovanni V, Segnani C, Ippolito C, Antonioli L, Colucci R, Fornai M, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C. Pathological Remodeling of the Gut Barrier as a Prodromal Event of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100194. [PMID: 37290605 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier alterations represent a primum movens in obesity and related intestinal dysfunctions. However, whether gut barrier remodeling represents prodromal events in obesity before weight gain, metabolic alterations, and systemic inflammation remains unclear. Herein, we examined morphologic changes in the gut barrier in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD) since the earliest phases of diet assumption. C57BL/6J mice were fed with standard diet (SD) or HFD for 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks. Remodeling of intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammatory infiltrate, and collagen deposition in the colonic wall was assessed by histochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis. Obese mice displayed increased body and epididymal fat weight along with increased plasma resistin, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels after 8 weeks of HFD. Starting from 1 week of HFD, mice displayed (1) a decreased claudin-1 expression in lining epithelial cells, (2) an altered mucus in goblet cells, (3) an increase in proliferating epithelial cells in colonic crypts, (4) eosinophil infiltration along with an increase in vascular P-selectin, and (5) deposition of collagen fibers. HFD intake is associated with morphologic changes in the large bowel at mucosal and submucosal levels. In particular, the main changes include alterations in the mucous layer and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and activation of mucosal defense-enhanced fibrotic deposition. These changes represent early events occurring before the development of obesity condition that could contribute to compromising the intestinal mucosal barrier and functions, opening the way for systemic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Leyderman M, Wilmore JR, Shope T, Cooney RN, Urao N. Impact of intestinal microenvironments in obesity and bariatric surgery on shaping macrophages. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2023; 5:e00033. [PMID: 38037591 PMCID: PMC10683977 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with alterations in tissue composition, systemic cellular metabolism, and low-grade chronic inflammation. Macrophages are heterogenous innate immune cells ubiquitously localized throughout the body and are key components of tissue homeostasis, inflammation, wound healing, and various disease states. Macrophages are highly plastic and can switch their phenotypic polarization and change function in response to their local environments. Here, we discuss how obesity alters the intestinal microenvironment and potential key factors that can influence intestinal macrophages as well as macrophages in other organs, including adipose tissue and hematopoietic organs. As bariatric surgery can induce metabolic adaptation systemically, we discuss the potential mechanisms through which bariatric surgery reshapes macrophages in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leyderman
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Joel R. Wilmore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Shope
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Robert N. Cooney
- Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Norifumi Urao
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Sepsis Interdisciplinary Research Center, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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13
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Tedjo DI, Wilbrink JA, Boekhorst J, Timmerman HM, Nienhuijs SW, Stronkhorst A, Savelkoul PHM, Masclee AAM, Penders J, Jonkers DMAE. Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Fecal Microbiota in Individuals with Morbid Obesity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2353. [PMID: 37764197 PMCID: PMC10537490 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the etiology of obesity. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a frequently performed and effective therapy for morbid obesity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on the fecal microbiota of individuals with morbid obesity and to examine whether shifts in microbiota composition are associated with markers of inflammation and intestinal barrier function. METHODS Fecal and blood samples of healthy individuals (n = 27) and morbidly obese individuals pre-SG (n = 24), and at 2 months (n = 13) and 6 months post-SG (n = 9) were collected. The 16SrRNA gene was sequenced to assess microbiota composition. Fecal calprotectin, plasma inflammatory markers and intestinal permeability markers (multi-sugar test) were determined. RESULTS Fecal microbiota composition between morbidly obese and lean individuals was significantly different. The fecal microbiota composition changed significantly 2 and 6 months post-SG (p = 0.008) compared to pre-SG but not towards a more lean profile. The post-SG microbiota profile was characterized by an increase in facultative anaerobic bacteria, characteristic for the upper gastrointestinal tract. No correlations were found between inflammatory markers, intestinal permeability and microbial profile changes. CONCLUSIONS Fecal microbiota composition in morbidly obese individuals changed significantly following SG. This change might be explained by functional changes induced by the SG procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyta I. Tedjo
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.I.T.); (J.A.W.); (D.M.A.E.J.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.H.M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jennifer A. Wilbrink
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.I.T.); (J.A.W.); (D.M.A.E.J.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zuyderland Ziekenhuis, 6162 Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- NIZO Food Research B.V., 6718 Ede, The Netherlands; (J.B.); (H.M.T.)
| | | | - Simon W. Nienhuijs
- Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (S.W.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Arnold Stronkhorst
- Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (S.W.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Paul H. M. Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.H.M.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A. M. Masclee
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.I.T.); (J.A.W.); (D.M.A.E.J.)
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (P.H.M.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers
- Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (D.I.T.); (J.A.W.); (D.M.A.E.J.)
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14
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Rosendo-Silva D, Viana S, Carvalho E, Reis F, Matafome P. Are gut dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and endotoxemia related to adipose tissue dysfunction in metabolic disorders? Overview of the mechanisms involved. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1287-1302. [PMID: 37014495 PMCID: PMC10412677 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, compelling evidence points to dysbiosis and disruption of the epithelial intestinal barrier as major players in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Upon the intestinal barrier disruption, components from bacterial metabolism and bacteria itself can reach peripheral tissues through circulation. This has been associated with the low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity and other metabolic diseases. While circulating bacterial DNA has been postulated as a common feature of obesity and even type 2 diabetes, almost no focus has been given to the existence and effects of bacteria in peripheral tissues, namely the adipose tissue. As a symbiont population, it is expected that gut microbiota modulate the immunometabolism of the host, thus influencing energy balance mechanisms and inflammation. Gut inflammatory signals cause direct deleterious inflammatory responses in adipose tissue and may also affect key gut neuroendocrine mechanisms governing nutrient sensing and energy balance, like incretins and ghrelin, which play a role in the gut-brain-adipose tissue axis. Thus, it is of major importance to disclose how gut microbiota and derived signals modulate neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways, which contribute to the dysfunction of adipose tissue and to the metabolic sequelae of obesity and related disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding these topics and identifies new perspectives in this field of research, highlighting new pathways toward the reduction of the inflammatory burden of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rosendo-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, Pole III of University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, 1st floor, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
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15
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Yan K, Ma X, Jiang M, Hu Z, Yang T, Zhan K, Zhao G. Effects of bovine milk and buffalo milk on lipid metabolism in mice. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:428-434. [PMID: 35686558 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Buffalo milk contains more polyunsaturated fatty acids than bovine milk. However, it is not clear about the effects of buffalo milk and bovine milk on lipid metabolism. In this study, a mouse model was used to explore the effects of buffalo milk and bovine milk on lipid metabolism in mice. The experiment was divided into three groups: a control group on a normal diet; a bovine milk group infused with bovine milk; a buffalo milk group infused with buffalo milk. We fed three groups of mice (n = 6) for 6 weeks. These results showed that bovine milk and buffalo milk had no effect on body weight gain. Bovine milk increased the content of ApoA1, ApoB and glucose in serum, compared with the control group, but buffalo milk has no profound change in serum ApoB. Remarkably, buffalo milk decreased the content of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in the liver lipid profile, and also downregulated the expression of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2) gene involved in the fatty acid oxidation in the liver. This study also found that bovine milk and buffalo milk did not cause the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in serum and colon tissues. This experiment proved that buffalo milk has beneficial effects on the regulation of lipid metabolism, and also does not affect the normal growth and pro-inflammatory response of the colon in mice. It provides a theoretical basis for future in-depth research on the special functions of buffalo milk and the development of buffalo milk functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - XiaoYu Ma
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - MaoCheng Jiang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - ZiXuan Hu
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - TianYu Yang
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zhan
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - GuoQi Zhao
- Institute of Animal Culture Collection and Application, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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16
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Camilleri M. Is intestinal permeability increased in obesity? A review including the effects of dietary, pharmacological and surgical interventions on permeability and the microbiome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:325-330. [PMID: 36263962 PMCID: PMC10112051 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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17
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Corrie L, Awasthi A, Kaur J, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Gupta G, Kommineni N, Dua K, Singh SK. Interplay of Gut Microbiota in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota, Mechanistic Pathways and Potential Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:197. [PMID: 37259345 PMCID: PMC9967581 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) comprises a set of symptoms that pose significant risk factors for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Effective and safe methods to treat all the pathological symptoms of PCOS are not available. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an essential role in PCOS incidence and progression. Many dietary plants, prebiotics, and probiotics have been reported to ameliorate PCOS. Gut microbiota shows its effects in PCOS via a number of mechanistic pathways including maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of lipid and blood glucose levels. The effect of gut microbiota on PCOS has been widely reported in animal models but there are only a few reports of human studies. Increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, and up-regulating PCOS ameliorating gut microbiota are some of the ways through which prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols work. We present a comprehensive review on polyphenols from natural origin, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy that may be used to treat PCOS by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600007, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Jafri F, Taylor ZL, Gonzalez D, Shakhnovich V. Effects of obesity on the pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors: current understanding and future implications for patient care and research. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:1-11. [PMID: 36800927 PMCID: PMC10065909 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2178897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the United States, obesity affects approximately ⅖ adults and ⅕ children, leading to increased risk for comorbidities, like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treated increasingly with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Currently, there are no clinical guidelines to inform PPI dose selection for obesity, with sparse data regarding whether dose augmentation is necessary. AREAS COVERED We provide a review of available literature regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and/or metabolism of PPIs in children and adults with obesity, as a step toward informing PPI dose selection. EXPERT OPINION Published PK data in adults and children are limited to first-generation PPIs and point toward reduced apparent oral drug clearance in obesity, with equipoise regarding obesity impact on drug absorption. Available PD data are sparse, conflicting, and limited to adults. No studies are available to inform the PPI PK→PD relationship in obesity and if/how it differs compared to individuals without obesity. In the absence of data, best practice may be to dose PPIs based on CYP2C19 genotype and lean body weight, so as to avoid systemic overexposure and potential toxicities, while monitoring closely for efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Jafri
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO
| | - Zachary L. Taylor
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Shakhnovich
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, MO
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19
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Chamseddine D, Mahmud SA, Westfall AK, Castoe TA, Berg RE, Pellegrino MW. The mitochondrial UPR regulator ATF5 promotes intestinal barrier function via control of the satiety response. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111789. [PMID: 36516750 PMCID: PMC9805788 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms use several strategies to mitigate mitochondrial stress, including the activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt in Caenorhabditis elegans, regulated by the transcription factor ATFS-1, expands on this recovery program by inducing an antimicrobial response against pathogens that target mitochondrial function. Here, we show that the mammalian ortholog of ATFS-1, ATF5, protects the host during infection with enteric pathogens but, unexpectedly, by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Intriguingly, ATF5 supports intestinal barrier function by promoting a satiety response that prevents obesity and associated hyperglycemia. This consequently averts dysregulated glucose metabolism that is detrimental to barrier function. Mechanistically, we show that intestinal ATF5 stimulates the satiety response by transcriptionally regulating the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin, which promotes the secretion of the hormone leptin. We propose that ATF5 protects the host from enteric pathogens by promoting intestinal barrier function through a satiety-response-mediated metabolic control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douja Chamseddine
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Siraje A Mahmud
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Aundrea K Westfall
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Todd A Castoe
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Rance E Berg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Mark W Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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20
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Zhang N, Zhang W, Guo X, Liu J, Li S, Zhang H, Fan B. Genistein protects against hyperglycemia and fatty liver disease in diet-induced prediabetes mice via activating hepatic insulin signaling pathway. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1072044. [PMID: 36570152 PMCID: PMC9773204 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin signaling via the insulin receptor (IR) may be associated with the amelioration of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Genistein, a soy isoflavone, has been suggested to play a role in the amelioration of high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders. Methods Here, we aimed to explore whether genistein regulates glucose and hepatic lipid by activating the insulin signaling pathway in diet-induced obesity mice. Results We showed that treatment of western-style diet-fed mice with genistein (60 mg/kg) significantly improved insulin resistance with decreased hyperglycemia and HOMA-IR index. These effects were linked to activating hepatic IRβ/PI3K/Akt signaling. Furthermore, genistein suppressed gluconeogenesis and promoted glycogen synthesis to maintain glucose homeostasis by increasing the phosphorylation of hepatic FOXO1/GSK3β in vivo and in vitro. The reduced level of insulin and upregulation of insulin signaling in genistein-treated mice also lead to an increase in hepatic energy status by inducing energy-sensing AMPK, reducing hepatic SREBP1c/ACC/FAS without affecting β-oxidation to prevent hepatic lipid accumulation. The protective effect of genistein on hepatic lipid accumulation was also validated in vitro. Besides, genistein had little effect on improvements in intestinal function and liver inflammation. Conclusion Taken together, our results showed that genistein prevents insulin resistance and hyperglycemia through improvements in hepatic function. This study provides new insight into the mechanisms of genistein mediating glucose metabolism and suggests that genistein may be a promising diet ingredient for preventing prediabetes and hepatic lipid accumulation.
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21
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Genetic and environmental circadian disruption induce weight gain through changes in the gut microbiome. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101628. [PMID: 36334897 PMCID: PMC9672454 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internal clocks time behavior and physiology, including the gut microbiome, in a circadian (∼24 h) manner. Mismatch between internal and external time, e.g. during shift work, disrupts circadian system coordination promoting the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Conversely, body weight changes induce microbiota dysbiosis. The relationship between circadian disruption and microbiota dysbiosis in metabolic diseases, however, remains largely unknown. METHODS Core and accessory clock gene expression in different gastrointestinal (GI) tissues were determined by qPCR in two different models of circadian disruption - mice with Bmal1 deficiency in the circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (Bmal1SCNfl/-), and wild-type mice exposed to simulated shift work (SSW). Body composition and energy balance were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), bomb calorimetry, food intake and running-wheel activity. Intestinal permeability was measured in an Ussing chamber. Microbiota composition and functionality were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, PICRUST2.0 analysis and targeted metabolomics. Finally, microbiota transfer was conducted to evaluate the functional impact of SSW-associated microbiota on the host's physiology. RESULTS Both chronodisruption models show desynchronization within and between peripheral clocks in GI tissues and reduced microbial rhythmicity, in particular in taxa involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) fermentation and lipid metabolism. In Bmal1SCNfl/- mice, loss of rhythmicity in microbial functioning associates with previously shown increased body weight, dysfunctional glucose homeostasis and adiposity. Similarly, we observe an increase in body weight in SSW mice. Germ-free colonization experiments with SSW-associated microbiota mechanistically link body weight gain to microbial changes. Moreover, alterations in expression of peripheral clock genes as well as clock-controlled genes (CCGs) relevant for metabolic functioning of the host were observed in recipients, indicating a bidirectional relationship between microbiota rhythmicity and peripheral clock regulation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that loss of rhythmicity in bacteria taxa and their products, which likely originates in desynchronization of intestinal clocks, promotes metabolic abnormalities during shift work.
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22
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Seethaler B, Nguyen NK, Basrai M, Kiechle M, Walter J, Delzenne NM, Bischoff SC. Short-chain fatty acids are key mediators of the favorable effects of the Mediterranean diet on intestinal barrier integrity: data from the randomized controlled LIBRE trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:928-942. [PMID: 36055959 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet is associated with the prevention of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, all of which are linked to intestinal barrier impairment. OBJECTIVES Here, we hypothesize that the Mediterranean diet, possibly via the induction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), improves intestinal barrier integrity. Furthermore, we aim to establish novel personalized nutrition advice based on machine learning algorithms. METHODS We studied 260 women with intestinal barrier impairment. The women were allocated to follow either a Mediterranean diet or a control diet for 3 mo. Intestinal permeability was assessed by measuring lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) in plasma and zonulin in feces. SCFA concentrations were analyzed in feces. Bi- and multivariate analyses and machine learning algorithms (random forest classification) were conducted. RESULTS Particularly in the intervention group, adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased, whereas plasma LBP and fecal zonulin concentrations decreased (all q < 0.001 for the intervention group, all q < 0.1 for control group). In the intervention group, fecal SCFA concentrations increased (propionate + 19%; butyrate + 44%; both q < 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with SCFA concentrations (all q < 0.001) and inversely associated with LBP and zonulin concentrations (all q < 0.02). Mediation analyses identified propionate and butyrate as the key mechanistic link between diet and intestinal permeability integrity. Accordingly, using baseline SCFA data, we could predict the effect of the Mediterranean diet on intestinal permeability using a machine learning algorithm (receiver operating characteristic AUC: 0.78-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that SCFAs are key mediators for the relation between diet and gut health. Assessment of SCFAs may form a basis for personalized nutrition in future clinical care. These results need to be verified in larger studies powered for this purpose, comprising different study populations. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02087592 and NCT02516540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Maryam Basrai
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Walter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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Jobe M, Agbla SC, Todorcevic M, Darboe B, Danso E, de Barros JPP, Lagrost L, Karpe F, Prentice AM. Possible mediators of metabolic endotoxemia in women with obesity and women with obesity-diabetes in The Gambia. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1892-1900. [PMID: 35933445 PMCID: PMC9492538 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Translocation of bacterial debris from the gut causes metabolic endotoxemia (ME) that results in insulin resistance, and may be on the causal pathway to obesity-related type 2 diabetes. To guide interventions against ME we tested two hypothesised mechanisms for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ingress: a leaky gut and chylomicron-associated transfer following a high-fat meal. METHODS In lean women (n = 48; fat mass index (FMI) 9.6 kg/m2), women with obesity (n = 62; FMI 23.6 kg/m2) and women with obesity-diabetes (n = 38; FMI 24.9 kg/m2) we used the lactulose-mannitol dual-sugar permeability test (LM ratio) to assess gut integrity. Markers of ME (LPS, EndoCAb IgG and IgM, IL-6, CD14 and lipoprotein binding protein) were assessed at baseline, 2 h and 5 h after a standardised 49 g fat-containing mixed meal. mRNA expression of markers of inflammation, macrophage activation and lipid metabolism were measured in peri-umbilical adipose tissue (AT) biopsies. RESULTS The LM ratio did not differ between groups. LPS levels were 57% higher in the obesity-diabetes group (P < 0.001), but, contrary to the chylomicron transfer hypothesis, levels significantly declined following the high-fat challenge. EndoCAb IgM was markedly lower in women with obesity and women with obesity-diabetes. mRNA levels of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue were consistent with the prior concept that fat soluble LPS in AT attracts and activates macrophages. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Raised levels of LPS and IL-6 in women with obesity-diabetes and evidence of macrophage activation in adipose tissue support the concept of metabolic endotoxemia-mediated inflammation, but we found no evidence for abnormal gut permeability or chylomicron-associated post-prandial translocation of LPS. Instead, the markedly lower EndoCAb IgM levels indicate a failure in sequestration and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modou Jobe
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.
| | - Schadrac C Agbla
- Department of Health Data Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Bakary Darboe
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Ebrima Danso
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | | | - Laurent Lagrost
- Plateforme de Lipidomique-uBourgogne, INSERM UMR1231/LabEx LipSTIC, Dijon, France
- University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, OUH Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
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Intestinal Barrier Permeability in Obese Individuals with or without Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173649. [PMID: 36079905 PMCID: PMC9459697 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered intestinal barrier permeability has been associated with obesity and its metabolic and inflammatory complications in animal models. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the evidence regarding the association between obesity with or without Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and alteration of the intestinal barrier permeability in humans. A systematic search of the studies published up until April 2022 in Latin America & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases was conducted. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) checklist. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to assess the quality of the evidence. Eight studies were included and classified as moderate to high quality. Alteration of intestinal barrier permeability was evaluated by zonulin, lactulose/mannitol, sucralose, sucrose, lactulose/L-rhamnose, and sucralose/erythritol. Impaired intestinal barrier permeability measured by serum and plasma zonulin concentration was positively associated with obesity with MetS. Nonetheless, the GRADE assessment indicated a very low to low level of evidence for the outcomes. Thus, clear evidence about the relationship between alteration of human intestinal barrier permeability, obesity, and MetS was not found.
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25
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The melatonergic agonist agomelatine ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice through the modulation of the gut microbiome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Obesity and chronic diarrhea: a new syndrome? Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1806-1807. [PMID: 35512792 PMCID: PMC9521750 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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27
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Larazotide acetate as a preventive and therapeutic pharmacotherapy in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Duan R, Huang K, Guan X, Li S, Xia J, Shen M, Sun Z, Yu Z. Tectorigenin ameliorated high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through anti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:112948. [PMID: 35390440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex pathogenesis of liver disease combined with liver inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Tectorigenin (Tg) is derived from many plants with excellent anti-inflammation activity. However, the beneficial effect of Tg on NAFLD associated with gut microbiota remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying beneficial effect of Tg on NAFLD in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Results showed that Tg alleviated lipid profiles and liver steatosis, and reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and total bile acid (TBA) levels. Besides, RT-qPCR and Western blot suggested that Tg alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation through inhibiting the lipogenesis and promoting the lipolysis, prevented gut-derived LPS-induced liver inflammatory via restoring intestinal barrier and restraining pro-inflammatory cytokines release, meanwhile, promoted the BA circulation via activating BA receptor and promoting BA synthesis. Moreover, Tg reverted the HFD-induced gut microbial dysbiosis by promoting the growth of beneficial Akkermansia, and inhibiting the proportions of harmful microbes, including Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Roseburia, Romboutsia and Faecalibaculum, which were highly correlated with NAFLD-related parameters in serum and liver. Thus, Tg could attenuate NAFLD through mediating the liver-gut axis, and it could be used as a dietary supplement for NAFLD treatment via its anti-inflammatory and prebiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqian Duan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ji'an Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China; National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhu Sun
- Inner Mongolia Yangufang Ecological Agricultural Science and Technology (Group) Co., Ltd, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Yu
- Inner Mongolia Yangufang Ecological Agricultural Science and Technology (Group) Co., Ltd, Inner Mongolia, PR China
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29
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Kahn DE, Bergman BC. Keeping It Local in Metabolic Disease: Adipose Tissue Paracrine Signaling and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2022; 71:599-609. [PMID: 35316835 PMCID: PMC8965661 DOI: 10.2337/dbi21-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in adipose tissue composition and function are associated with obesity and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the significance of this relationship has been cemented, our understanding of the multifaceted role of adipose tissue in metabolic heath and disease continues to evolve and expand. Heterogenous populations of cells that make up adipose tissue throughout the body generate diverse secretomes containing a mosaic of bioactive compounds with vast structural and signaling capabilities. While there are many reports highlighting the important role of adipose tissue endocrine signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the direct, local, paracrine effect of adipose tissue has received less attention. Recent studies have begun to underscore the importance of considering anatomically discrete adipose depots for their specific impact on local microenvironments and metabolic function in neighboring tissues as well as regulation of whole-body physiology. This article highlights the important role of adipose tissue paracrine signaling on metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in nearby tissues and organs, specifically focusing on visceral, pancreatic, subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perivascular adipose tissue depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E. Kahn
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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30
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Mohr AE, Crawford M, Jasbi P, Fessler S, Sweazea KL. Lipopolysaccharide and the gut microbiota: Considering structural variation. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:849-875. [PMID: 35262962 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is associated with chronic disease and is purported to be a main pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic conditions. Microbes harbored in the host gastrointestinal tract release signaling byproducts from their cell wall, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can act locally and, after crossing the gut barrier and entering circulation, also systemically. Defined as metabolic endotoxemia, elevated concentrations of LPS in circulation are associated with metabolic conditions and chronic disease. As such, measurement of LPS is highly prevalent in animal and human research investigating these states. Indeed, LPS can be a potent stimulant of host immunity but this response depends on the microbial species' origin, a parameter often overlooked in both preclinical and clinical investigations. Indeed, the lipid A portion of LPS is mutable and comprises the main virulence and endotoxic component, thus contributing to the structural and functional diversity among LPSs from microbial species. In this review, we discuss how such structural differences in LPS can induce differential immunological responses in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Mohr
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Meli'sa Crawford
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Riverside, California, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Paniz Jasbi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Samantha Fessler
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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31
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Abstract
To date, much of the focus of gut-brain axis research has been on gut microbiota regulation of anxiety and stress-related behaviors. Much less attention has been directed to potential connections between gut microbiota and compulsive behavior. Here, we discuss a potential link between gut barrier dysfunction and compulsive behavior that is mediated through "type 2" rather than "type 1" inflammation. We examine connections between compulsive behavior and type 2 inflammation in Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, addiction, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Next, we discuss potential connections between gut barrier dysfunction, type 2 inflammation, and compulsive behavior. We posit a potential mechanism whereby gut barrier dysfunction-associated type 2 inflammation may drive compulsive behavior through histamine regulation of dopamine neurotransmission. Finally, we discuss the possibility of exploiting the greater accessibility of the gut relative to the brain in identifying targets to treat compulsive behavior disorders.
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Menta PLR, Andrade MER, de Castro LF, Trindade LM, Dias MTS, Miyamoto JÉ, Dos Santos RM, Cassali GD, Leal RF, Ribeiro APB, Grimaldi R, Ignacio-Souza LM, Torsoni MA, Torsoni AS, Cardoso VN, Milanski M. Interesterified palm oil increases intestinal permeability, promotes bacterial translocation, alters inflammatory parameters and tight-junction protein genic expression in Swiss mice. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110897. [PMID: 34980418 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diets seem to have a negative influence on the development of obesity and the processes associated with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. In recent years, partial hydrogenated oil, rich in trans isomers, has been associated with deleterious health effects. It has been replaced by interesterified fat (IF). However, there is no evidence whether IF ingestion can exert adverse effects on the intestinal mucosa. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of IF on the intestinal mucosa of male Swiss mice fed a normal or high-fat diet, focusing on its effects on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation and its possible damage to the intestinal epithelium. The animals were divided into 4 groups: Control (C) and Interesterified Control (IC) groups (10 En% lipids from unmodified fat or interesterified fat, respectively) and High Fat (HF) and Interesterified High Fat (IHF) groups (45 En% lipids from unmodified fat or interesterified fat, respectively). Compare to C, the IC, HF, and IHF groups presented flattened epithelium, a shorter villi length and a lower percentage of goblet cells, less mucin 2, an increased oxidative stress and more inflammatory cells, higher IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-23 levels. These groups also presented increased intestinal permeability and gene expression of the protein claudin 2, while JAM-A and claudin 1 gene expression was reduced. IC and IHF increased IL-6 levels while reducing occludin expression. In addition, the IC group also presented a mucosa with lesions of low intensity in the ileum, an increased mucin 5ac, TNF-α levels, and reduced occludin expression in the distal jejunum. Moreover, there was a significant increase in bacterial translocation in the IC group to blood, liver, and lungs, while HF and IHF groups presented bacterial translocation which was restricted to the mesenteric lymph nodes. In summary, our results supported the hypothesis that IF added to a normolipidic diet can be considered harmful or even worse when compared to a HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penélope Lacrísio Reis Menta
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Emília Rabelo Andrade
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Furquim de Castro
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Melissa Tainan Silva Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Josiane Érica Miyamoto
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raisa Magno Dos Santos
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raquel Franco Leal
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil; IBD Research Laboratory, Colorectal Surgery Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Grimaldi
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Letícia Martins Ignacio-Souza
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio Alberto Torsoni
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Souza Torsoni
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marciane Milanski
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, SP, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Kang Y, Kang X, Yang H, Liu H, Yang X, Liu Q, Tian H, Xue Y, Ren P, Kuang X, Cai Y, Tong M, Li L, Fan W. Lactobacillus acidophilus ameliorates obesity in mice through modulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal permeability. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:106020. [PMID: 34896249 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis is considered as a worldwide public health crisis. In the meanwhile, different probiotics have demonstrated beneficial effects on this condition, thus increasing the interest in the development of probiotic treatments. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-obesity effects of potential probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus isolated from the porcine gut. Then, it is found that L. acidophilus reduces body weight, fat mass, inflammation and insulin resistance in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), accompanied by activation in brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as improvements of energy, glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, our data indicate that L. acidophilus not only reverses HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, as indicated by the decreased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios and endotoxin bearing Gram-negative bacteria levels, but also maintains intestinal barrier integrity, reduces metabolic endotoxemia, and inhibits the TLR4 / NF- κB signaling pathway. In addition, the results of microbiome phenotype prediction by BugBase and bacterial functional potential prediction using PICRUSt show that L. acidophilus treatment improves the gut microbiota functions involving metabolism, immune response, and pathopoiesia. Furthermore, the anti-obesity effect is transmissible via horizontal faeces transfer from L. acidophilus-treated mice to HFD-fed mice. According to our data, it is seen that L. acidophilus could be a good candidate for probiotic of ameliorating obesity and associated diseases such as hyperlipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, and insulin resistance through its anti-inflammatory properties and alleviation of endothelial dysfunction and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Kang
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xing Kang
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haixia Tian
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingwei Tong
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- Department of microbiology and immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Bao X, Wu J. Egg white ovomucin hydrolysate inhibits intestinal integrity damage in LPS-treated Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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He Z, Wu J, Gong J, Ke J, Ding T, Zhao W, Cheng WM, Luo Z, He Q, Zeng W, Yu J, Jiao N, Liu Y, Zheng B, Dai L, Zhi M, Wu X, Jobin C, Lan P. Microbiota in mesenteric adipose tissue from Crohn's disease promote colitis in mice. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:228. [PMID: 34814945 PMCID: PMC8609859 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01178-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric adipose tissue (mAT) hyperplasia, known as creeping fat is a pathologic characteristic of Crohn's disease (CD). The reserve of creeping fat in surgery is associated with poor prognosis of CD patients, but the mechanism remains unknown. METHODS Mesenteric microbiome, metabolome, and host transcriptome were characterized using a cohort of 48 patients with CD and 16 non-CD controls. Multidimensional data including 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (16S rRNA), host RNA sequencing, and metabolome were integrated to reveal network interaction. Mesenteric resident bacteria were isolated from mAT and functionally investigated both in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) model and in the Il10 gene-deficient (Il10-/-) mouse colitis model to validate their pro-inflammatory roles. RESULTS Mesenteric microbiota contributed to aberrant metabolites production and transcripts in mATs from patients with CD. The presence of mAT resident microbiota was associated with the development of CD. Achromobacter pulmonis (A. pulmonis) isolated from CD mAT could translocate to mAT and exacerbate both DSS-induced and Il10 gene-deficient (Il10-/-) spontaneous colitis in mice. The levels of A. pulmonis in both mAT and mucous layer from CD patients were higher compared to those from the non-CD group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the mesenteric microbiota from patients with CD sculpt a detrimental microenvironment and promote intestinal inflammation. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Junli Gong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Wai Ming Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Qilang He
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanyi Zeng
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Florida, CGRC, 2033 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
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Hoshiko H, Zeinstra GG, Lenaerts K, Oosterink E, Ariens RMC, Mes JJ, de Wit NJW. An Observational Study to Evaluate the Association between Intestinal Permeability, Leaky Gut Related Markers, and Metabolic Health in Healthy Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111583. [PMID: 34828628 PMCID: PMC8623210 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored whether metabolic health is linked to intestinal permeability, using a multi-sugar (MS) permeability test, and whether intestinal permeability is correlated with the leaky gut-related markers (LGM) zonulin, LBP, and sCD14. Metabolically healthy (n = 15) and unhealthy subjects (n = 15) were recruited based on waist circumference, fasting glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Participants underwent an MS permeability test that assessed site-specific permeabilities of the gastroduodenum and small and large intestines. The test was performed with/without an acetylsalicylic acid challenge to measure and correlate the gut permeability, LGM, and metabolic health. At baseline, metabolic health showed no correlation with gut permeability. Significant correlations were found between the metabolic health parameters and LGM. In the acetylsalicylic acid challenged MS permeability test, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was correlated with the sucralose/erythritol ratio, reflecting the whole intestinal permeability. Correlations between most metabolic health parameters and LGM during the acetylsalicylic acid challenge were less pronounced than at baseline. In both MS permeability tests, no significant correlations were found between LGM (plasma and serum) and gut permeability. Thus, correlations between LGM and metabolic health might not be linked with paracellular gut permeability. Transcellular translocation and/or lipoprotein-related transportation is a more likely mechanism underlying the association between LGM and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hoshiko
- HE Center, Suntory MONOZUKURI Expert Limited, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Gertrude G. Zeinstra
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (G.G.Z.); (E.O.); (R.M.C.A.); (J.J.M.); (N.J.W.d.W.)
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Els Oosterink
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (G.G.Z.); (E.O.); (R.M.C.A.); (J.J.M.); (N.J.W.d.W.)
| | - Renata M. C. Ariens
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (G.G.Z.); (E.O.); (R.M.C.A.); (J.J.M.); (N.J.W.d.W.)
| | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (G.G.Z.); (E.O.); (R.M.C.A.); (J.J.M.); (N.J.W.d.W.)
| | - Nicole J. W. de Wit
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; (G.G.Z.); (E.O.); (R.M.C.A.); (J.J.M.); (N.J.W.d.W.)
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Deroover L, Vázquez-Castellanos JF, Vandermeulen G, Luypaerts A, Raes J, Courtin CM, Verbeke K. Wheat bran with reduced particle size increases serum SCFAs in obese subjects without improving health parameters compared with a maltodextrin placebo. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1328-1341. [PMID: 34224554 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat bran (WB) has been associated with improved gastrointestinal health and a reduced risk of metabolic disorders. Reducing the particle size of WB might increase its fermentability and facilitate cross-feeding between the gut bacteria and in this way produce health effects. OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of WB with reduced particle size (WB RPS) on colonic fermentation and host health in normal-weight (NW) and obese (OB) participants compared with placebo (PL). METHODS During 1 mo, 36 NW and 14 OB participants daily consumed 20 g WB RPS or PL (maltodextrin). Before and after the intervention, fasting serum and fecal SCFAs, fecal metabolite profiles, and microbiota composition were measured as fermentation parameters. Fecal output, fecal dry weight (%), fat excretion, transit, stool consistency, intestinal permeability, and serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured as health parameters. The impact of WB RPS on the fermentation of other carbohydrates was assessed by quantifying postprandial cumulative serum 13C-SCFA after a challenge with 13C-inulin. RESULTS WB RPS increased fasting serum acetate (P < 0.05) and total SCFA (P < 0.05) concentrations in OB participants. Fasting serum propionate concentrations were lower in OB than in NW participants at baseline (NW: 1.57 ± 0.75 µmol/L; OB: 0.89 ± 0.52 µmol/L; P < 0.01), but not after WB RPS (NW: 1.75 ± 0.77 µmol/L; OB: 1.35 ± 0.63 µmol/L; P = not significant). WB RPS did not enhance colonic fermentation of 13C-inulin and did not affect microbiota composition. Health parameters were not affected by the WB RPS intervention, either in NW or in OB participants. CONCLUSIONS WB RPS increased fasting serum SCFA concentrations in OB participants. These changes were not associated with beneficial effects on host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Deroover
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Greet Vandermeulen
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Luypaerts
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Kristin Verbeke
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Position Paper of Italian National Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184185. [PMID: 34575306 PMCID: PMC8468506 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of the direct oral anticoagulants dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban (DOACs) offers some major advantages over warfarin and other vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). One advantage is the possibility to use a fixed dose in normal-weight patients, overweight patients and patients with obesity. However, the "one size fits all" strategy raised a concern regarding the possibility to undertreat patients with a high body mass index. No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have ever compared VKAs and DOACs in this population. We analyzed data from the literature on DOAC pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, results from the four pivotal phase III trials on non-valvular atrial fibrillation, retrospective observational studies and metanalyses. While we are aware of the limitation imposed by the absence of specific RCTs, we propose the position of the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO) on the use of DOACs in patients with obesity based on the existing evidence.
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Hyun CK. Molecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179139. [PMID: 34502047 PMCID: PMC8430512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable epidemiological evidence indicating comorbidity between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as common pathophysiological features shared by these two categories of diseases, the relationship between their pathogenesis at molecular levels are not well described. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a characteristic pathological feature of IBD, which also plays causal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with a pro-inflammatory response of the intestinal immune system, possibly leading to the development of both diseases. In addition, dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immunity have been found to contribute to immune-mediated disorders including the two diseases. In connection with disrupted gut microbial composition, alterations in gut microbiota-derived metabolites have also been shown to be closely related to the pathogeneses of both diseases. Focusing on these prominent pathophysiological features observed in both metabolic disorders and IBD, this review highlights and summarizes the molecular risk factors that may link between the pathogeneses of the two diseases, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
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Fenofibrate promotes PPARα-targeted recovery of the intestinal epithelial barrier at the host-microbe interface in dogs with diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13454. [PMID: 34188162 PMCID: PMC8241862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with a dysfunctional intestinal barrier and an increased risk for systemic infection and inflammation in people, though the pathogenic mechanisms leading to this are poorly understood. Using a canine model of DM, we showed that the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist fenofibrate modulates plasma lipid profiles and markers of intestinal barrier function. A 3-week course of fenofibrate reduced fasting interstitial glucose and inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations, which correlated with reduced triglyceride levels. The lipidomic profile exhibited significantly lower levels of triacylglycerols, phosphatidylethanolamines, diacylglycerols, and ceramides following fenofibrate administration. On histopathological analysis, we observed an aberrant amount of intraepithelial CD3+ T lymphocytes (IEL) in the small intestine of dogs with spontaneous and induced-DM. Fenofibrate reduced IEL density in the duodenum of dogs with DM and enhanced markers of intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro. There were minimal changes in the intestinal microbial composition following fenofibrate administration, suggesting that repair of intestinal barriers can be achieved independently of the resident microbiota. Our findings indicate that lipid metabolism is critical to functionality of the intestinal epithelium, which can be rescued by PPARα activation in dogs with DM.
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Van Buiten CB, Wu G, Lam YY, Zhao L, Raskin I. Elemental iron modifies the redox environment of the gastrointestinal tract: A novel therapeutic target and test for metabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:203-213. [PMID: 33831549 PMCID: PMC8544024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS, i.e., type 2 diabetes and obesity) is often associated with dysbiosis, inflammation, and leaky gut syndrome, which increase the content of oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Using near-infrared fluorescent, in situ imaging of ROS, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of elemental iron powder (Fe0) on luminal ROS in the GI tract and related these changes to glucose metabolism and the gut microbiome. C57Bl/6J mice fed low-fat or high-fat diets and gavaged with Fe0 (2.5 g per kg), in both single- and repeat-doses, demonstrated decreased levels of luminal ROS. Fourteen days of repeated Fe0 administration reduced hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in the obese and hyperglycemic animals compared to the untreated obese controls and reduced the relative amount of iron oxides in the feces, which indicated an increased redox environment of the GI tract. We determined that Fe0 administration can also be used as a diagnostic assay to assess the GI microenvironment. Improved metabolic outcomes and decreased gastrointestinal ROS in Fe0-treated, high-fat diet-fed animals correlated with the increase in a co-abundance group of beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, and the suppression of detrimental populations, including Oscillibacter, Peptococcus, and Intestinimonas. Daily Fe0 treatment also increased the relative abundance of amplicon sequence variants that lacked functional enzymatic antioxidant systems, which is consistent with the ability of Fe0 to scavenge ROS and oxygen in the GI, thus favoring the growth of oxygen-sensitive bacteria. These findings delineate a functional role for antioxidants in modification of the GI microenvironment and subsequent reversal of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene B Van Buiten
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA; Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 80901, USA
| | - Yan Y Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 80901, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 80901, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Guzylack-Piriou L, Ménard S. Early Life Exposure to Food Contaminants and Social Stress as Risk Factor for Metabolic Disorders Occurrence?-An Overview. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050687. [PMID: 34063694 PMCID: PMC8147825 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent years and is now the major public health challenge worldwide. While the risks of developing metabolic disorders (MD) including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been historically thought to be essentially driven by increased caloric intake and lack of exercise, this is insufficient to account for the observed changes in disease trends. Based on human epidemiological and pre-clinical experimental studies, this overview questioned the role of non-nutritional components as contributors to the epidemic of MD with a special emphasis on food contaminants and social stress. This overview examines the impact of early life adverse events (ELAE) focusing on exposures to food contaminants or social stress on weight gain and T2D occurrence in the offspring and explores potential mechanisms leading to MD in adulthood. Indeed, summing up data on both ELAE models in parallel allowed us to identify common patterns that appear worthwhile to study in MD etiology. This overview provides some evidence of a link between ELAE-induced intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, epigenetic modifications, and the occurrence of MD. This overview sums up evidence that MD could have developmental origins and that ELAE are risk factors for MD at adulthood independently of nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Ménard
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
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43
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Crawford MS, Nordgren TM, McCole DF. Every breath you take: Impacts of environmental dust exposure on intestinal barrier function-from the gut-lung axis to COVID-19. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G586-G600. [PMID: 33501887 PMCID: PMC8054554 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00423.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
As countries continue to industrialize, major cities experience diminished air quality, whereas rural populations also experience poor air quality from sources such as agricultural operations. These exposures to environmental pollution from both rural and populated/industrialized sources have adverse effects on human health. Although respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are the most commonly reported following long-term exposure to particulate matter and hazardous chemicals, gastrointestinal complications have also been associated with the increased risk of lung disease from inhalation of polluted air. The interconnectedness of these organ systems has offered valuable insights into the roles of the immune system and the micro/mycobiota as mediators of communication between the lung and the gut during disease states. A topical example of this relationship is provided by reports of multiple gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), whereas the rapid transmission and increased risk of COVID-19 has been linked to poor air quality and high levels of particulate matter. In this review, we focus on the mechanistic effects of environmental pollution on disease progression with special emphasis on the gut-lung axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meli'sa S Crawford
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Declan F McCole
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, California
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44
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The Use of Fecal Calprotectin Testing in Paediatric Disorders: A Position Paper of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Gastroenterology Committee. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:617-640. [PMID: 33716293 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to review the evidence regarding the clinical use and value of fecal calprotectin (FC) measurements in different gastrointestinal disorders in children. METHODS A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases until October 31, 2019. Subtopics were identified and each assigned to individual authors. RESULTS A total of 28 recommendations were voted on using the nominal voting technique. Recommendations are given related to sampling, measurement methods, and results interpretation. The 14 authors anonymously voted on each recommendation using a 9-point scale (1 strongly disagree to 9 fully agree). Consensus was considered achieved if at least 75% of the authors voted 6, 7, 8, or 9. CONCLUSIONS Consensus was reached for all recommendations. Limitations for the use of FC in clinical practice include variability in extraction methodology, performance of test kits as well as the need to establish local reference ranges because of the influence of individual factors, such as age, diet, microbiota, and drugs. The main utility of FC measurement at present is in the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as to differentiate it from functional gastrointestinal disorders (FAPDs). FC, however, has neither utility in the diagnosis of infantile colic nor to differentiate between functional and organic constipation. A rise in FC concentration, may alert to the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis and help identifying gastrointestinal involvement in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. FC measurement is of little value in Cow's Milk Protein Allergy, coeliac disease (CD), and cystic fibrosis. FC does neither help to distinguish bacterial from viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE), nor to diagnose Helicobacter Pylori infection, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), acute appendicitis (AA), or intestinal polyps.
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Power N, Turpin W, Espin-Garcia O, Smith MI, Croitoru K. Serum Zonulin Measured by Commercial Kit Fails to Correlate With Physiologic Measures of Altered Gut Permeability in First Degree Relatives of Crohn's Disease Patients. Front Physiol 2021; 12:645303. [PMID: 33841181 PMCID: PMC8027468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.645303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell tight junctions (TJs) contribute to the integrity of the intestinal barrier allowing for control of the physical barrier between external antigens or bacterial products and the internal environment. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a protein that modulates intestinal TJs, and serum levels of ZO-1 has been suggested as a biomarker of disrupted barrier function in humans. Previous studies suggested that increased intestinal permeability was associated with evidence of TJ abnormalities. However, there is limited information on the serological measurement of ZO-1 and its relation to other tests of barrier function in healthy subjects. We investigated the correlation of serum ZO-1, with physiologic measures of intestinal permeability (as the ratio of the fractional excretion of lactulose-mannitol or LMR) in a cohort of 39 healthy FDRs of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. No significant correlation was found between LMR and ZO-1 levels (r2 = 0.004, P < 0.71), or intestinal fatty acid binding proteins (I-FABP) (r2 = 0.004, P < 0.71). In conclusion, our data show that ZO-1 and I-FABP are not a marker of gut permeability as defined by LMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Power
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Gastroenterology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Williams Turpin
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Espin-Garcia
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle I Smith
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Gastroenterology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth Croitoru
- Zane Cohen Centre for Digestive Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Gastroenterology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhang J, Feng M, Pan L, Wang F, Wu P, You Y, Hua M, Zhang T, Wang Z, Zong L, Han Y, Guan W. Effects of vitamin D deficiency on the improvement of metabolic disorders in obese mice after vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6036. [PMID: 33727603 PMCID: PMC7971024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is one of the most commonly performed clinical bariatric surgeries for the remission of obesity and diabetes. Its effects include weight loss, improved insulin resistance, and the improvement of hepatic steatosis. Epidemiologic studies demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with many diseases, including obesity. To explore the role of vitamin D in metabolic disorders for patients with obesity after VSG. We established a murine model of diet-induced obesity + VDD, and we performed VSGs to investigate VDD's effects on the improvement of metabolic disorders present in post-VSG obese mice. We observed that in HFD mice, the concentration of VitD3 is four fold of HFD + VDD one. In the post-VSG obese mice, VDD attenuated the improvements of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and permeability, the maintenance of weight loss, the reduction of fat loss, and the restoration of intestinal flora that were weakened. Our results suggest that in post-VSG obese mice, maintaining a normal level of vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining the improvement of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.268415.cDepartment of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Feng
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Lisha Pan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Feng Wang
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Yang You
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Meiyun Hua
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Tianci Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Zheng Wang
- grid.268415.cDepartment of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zong
- grid.254020.10000 0004 1798 4253Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changzhi People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi China
| | - Yuanping Han
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Center for Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Analytical and Testing Center, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
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Yassin MA, Kassem N, Ghassoub R. How I treat obesity and obesity related surgery in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: An outcome of an ELN project. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:1228-1234. [PMID: 33768817 PMCID: PMC7981640 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity may affect treatment outcome in CML patients, therefore the treatment of this cohort of patients need careful monitoring, TKIs dose adjustment may be required for certain patients. Further studies are needed to determine the proper TKIs doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Yassin
- Hematology SectionMedical OncologyNational Center for Cancer care and ResearchHMCDohaQatar
| | - Nancy Kassem
- Department of PharmacyNational center for cancer care and Research HMCDohaQatar
| | - Rola Ghassoub
- Department of PharmacyNational center for cancer care and Research HMCDohaQatar
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48
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Navy Bean Supplementation in Established High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Attenuates the Severity of the Obese Inflammatory Phenotype. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030757. [PMID: 33652785 PMCID: PMC7996849 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooked common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) improve intestinal health in lean mice and attenuate intestinal dysbiosis and inflammation when consumed concurrent with obesity development. We determined the effects of a high-fat (HF) bean supplemented diet in mice with established obesity (induced by 12 weeks of HF diet (60% fat as kcal)) compared to obese mice consuming a HF or low-fat (LF) weight loss control diet. Obese C57BL/6 male mice remained consuming HF for eight weeks or were randomly switched from HF to an isocaloric HF with 15.7% cooked navy bean powder diet (HF→HFB) or LF (11% fat as kcal; HF→LF) (n = 12/group). HF→HFB improved the obese phenotype, including (i) fecal microbiome (increased Prevotella, Akkermansia muciniphila, and short-chain fatty acid levels), (ii) intestinal health (increased ZO-1, claudin-2, Muc2, Relmβ, and Reg3γ expression), and (iii) reduced adipose tissue (AT) inflammatory proteins (NFκBp65, STAT3, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-1α), versus HF (p < 0.05). Conversely, HF→LF reduced body weight and circulating hormones (leptin, resistin, and PAI-1) versus HF and HF→HFB (p < 0.05); however, AT inflammation and intestinal health markers were not improved to the same degree as HF→HFB (p < 0.05). Despite remaining on a HF obesogenic diet, introducing beans in established obesity improved the obese phenotype (intestinal health and adipose inflammation) more substantially than weight loss alone.
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49
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Molina-Tijeras JA, Diez-Echave P, Vezza T, Hidalgo-García L, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Romero M, Robles-Vera I, García F, Plaza-Diaz J, Olivares M, Duarte J, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Gálvez J. Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice through modulation of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105471. [PMID: 33529749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main features of metabolic syndrome, where a low-grade chronic inflammation and gut dysbiosis contribute to the development of the related metabolic dysfunctions. Different probiotics have demonstrated beneficial effects on this condition, increasing the interest in the development of probiotic treatments. Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 has shown anti-inflammatory effects and capacity to modulate microbiota composition in different experimental models. In this study, L. fermentum CECT5716 was evaluated in a model of high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. It exerts anti-obesity effects, associated with its anti-inflammatory properties and amelioration of endothelial dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. The probiotic restores Akkermansia sp. abundance and reduced Erysipelotrichi class and Clostridium spp presence as well as increased Bacteroides proportion. In conclusion, this probiotic represents a very interesting approach. Our findings describe, for the first time, the ability of this probiotic to ameliorate experimental obesity through microbiome modulation, affecting different bacteria that have been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity. Therefore, this suggests a potential use of L. fermentum CECT5716 in clinical practice, also taking into account that probiotic treatments have demonstrated to be relatively safe and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Diez-Echave
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Red de Investigación en SIDA, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Diaz
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Red de Investigación en SIDA, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix", Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Juan Duarte
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER-Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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Massier L, Blüher M, Kovacs P, Chakaroun RM. Impaired Intestinal Barrier and Tissue Bacteria: Pathomechanisms for Metabolic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:616506. [PMID: 33767669 PMCID: PMC7985551 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.616506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact intestinal barrier, representing the interface between inner and outer environments, is an integral regulator of health. Among several factors, bacteria and their products have been evidenced to contribute to gut barrier impairment and its increased permeability. Alterations of tight junction integrity - caused by both external factors and host metabolic state - are important for gut barrier, since they can lead to increased influx of bacteria or bacterial components (endotoxin, bacterial DNA, metabolites) into the host circulation. Increased systemic levels of bacterial endotoxins and DNA have been associated with an impaired metabolic host status, manifested in obesity, insulin resistance, and associated cardiovascular complications. Bacterial components and cells are distributed to peripheral tissues via the blood stream, possibly contributing to metabolic diseases by increasing chronic pro-inflammatory signals at both tissue and systemic levels. This response is, along with other yet unknown mechanisms, mediated by toll like receptor (TLR) transduction and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn can further increase intestinal permeability leading to a detrimental positive feedback loop. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional and other interventions, including manipulation of gut microbiota, may represent a potential prevention and treatment target for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima M. Chakaroun
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Rima M. Chakaroun,
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