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Takamori S, Ishikawa S, Sato K, Watanabe H, Suzuki J, Oizumi H, Shiono S, Uchida T, Okuyama N, Edamatsu K, Iino M, Sugimoto M. Salivary metabolites as potential predictive biomarkers for lung surgery complications: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Surg Today 2024; 54:866-873. [PMID: 38356076 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-024-02794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Saliva is often used as a tool for identifying systemic diseases because of the noninvasive nature of its collection. Moreover, salivary metabolites can be potential predictive factors for postoperative survival. We conducted the present study to establish whether salivary metabolites can function as predictive biomarkers for lung surgery complications. METHODS Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from 412 patients before lung surgery. Salivary metabolites were analyzed comprehensively by capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Clinical data with the discriminatory ability of biomarkers were assessed to predict lung surgery complications using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The primary endpoint was the risk factors for postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III. RESULTS Postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III developed in 36 patients (8.7%). There was no postoperative 30-day mortality. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.852; 95% confidence interval CI 1.455-10.199; p = 0.007) and salivary gamma-butyrobetaine (OR, 0.809; 95% CI 0.694-0.943; p = 0.007) were identified as significant risk factors for postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III. CONCLUSION Salivary metabolites are potential noninvasive biomarkers for predicting postoperative complications of lung surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takamori
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, 1800, Oazaaoyagi, Yamagata, 990-2292, Japan
| | - Shigeo Ishikawa
- Department of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Kaito Sato
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hikaru Watanabe
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Jun Suzuki
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oizumi
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Higashiyamato Hospital, 1-13-12 Nangai, Higashiyamato, Tokyo, 207-0014, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shiono
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Uchida
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Naoki Okuyama
- Department of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Edamatsu
- Department of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Iino
- Department of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Health Promotion and Pre-Emptive Medicine, Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
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Leung CY, Chien SY, Weiss SJ. Engaging adolescents in research: Home self-collection of biological samples and health questionnaires. Res Nurs Health 2024. [PMID: 38953164 DOI: 10.1002/nur.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent health research with biomarker data collection is limited due to difficulties in recruiting and engaging this age group. Thus, successful recruitment, engagement, and retention of adolescents in translational research are necessary to elucidate factors influencing mental and physical health conditions, uncover novel biomarkers, and expand prevention and treatment options. This paper describes strategies for effective recruitment and retention of adolescents in a research study, using a project examining depressive symptoms and the microbiome to illustrate these approaches. This cross-sectional study collected electronic self-reported survey data and self-collected biospecimens (stool and salivary samples) from adolescents 13-19 years old. All but two participants completed the questionnaires, with few missing responses. 94% provided at least one salivary sample and 89% supplied a stool sample. Participants were able to adhere to the study instructions. Using a participant-centered approach, our study successfully recruited and engaged the targeted 90 participants in self-collection of electronic survey data and biospecimens. Successful strategies of recruitment and retention included: 1) on-site clinic recruitment by research team, 2) active involvement of parents as appropriate, 3) use of electronic surveys and self-collection of biospecimens to foster control and ease of participation while addressing privacy concerns, 4) noninvasive collection of data on biospecimen, 5) frequent texting to communicate with participants, 6) flexibility in the pickup and transferring of biospecimens to accommodate adolescent schedules, 7) developmentally appropriate research, 8) participant reimbursement, and 9) sensitivity toward discussing stool sample materials. As a result of these strategies, adolescent participation in the research proved feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherry Y Leung
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shao-Yun Chien
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandra J Weiss
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Rodríguez-Martín M, Martínez-Lozano N, Santaclara-Maneiro V, Gris-Peñas A, Salmerón D, Ríos R, Tvarijonaviciute A, Garaulet M. Children with obesity have poorer circadian health as assessed by a global circadian health score. World J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12519-024-00804-3. [PMID: 38850477 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-024-00804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian health refers to individuals' well-being and balance in terms of their circadian rhythm. It is influenced by external cues. In adults, a close relationship between circadian-related alterations and obesity has been described. However, studies in children are scarce, and circadian health and its association with obesity have not been evaluated globally. We aimed to assess whether circadian health differed between children with and without obesity as determined by a global circadian score (GCS) in a school-age population. METHODS Four hundred and thirty-two children (7-12 years) were recruited in Spain. Non-invasive tools were used to calculate the GCS: (1) 7-day rhythm of wrist temperature (T), activity (A), position (P), an integrative variable that combines T, A, and P (TAP); (2) cortisol; and (3) 7-day food and sleep records. Body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), melatonin concentration, and cardiometabolic marker levels were determined. RESULTS Circadian health, as assessed by the GCS, differed among children with obesity, overweight, and normal weight, with poorer circadian health among children with obesity. Children with obesity and abdominal obesity had 3.54 and 2.39 greater odds of having poor circadian health, respectively, than did those with normal weight or low WC. The percentage of rhythmicity, a marker of the robustness of the TAP rhythm, and the amplitude, both components of the GCS, decreased with increasing obesity. Different lifestyle behaviors were involved in the association between circadian health and obesity, particularly protein intake (P = 0.024), physical activity level (P = 0.076) and chronotype (P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS The GCS can capture the relationship between circadian health and obesity in school-age children. Protein intake, physical activity level, and chronotype were involved in this association. Early intervention based on improving circadian health may help to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Martín
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, CP, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nuria Martínez-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, CP, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Diego Salmerón
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120, Murcia, Spain
- Health and Social Sciences Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, CP, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Shnayder NA, Grechkina VV, Trefilova VV, Kissin MY, Narodova EA, Petrova MM, Al-Zamil M, Garganeeva NP, Nasyrova RF. Ethnic Aspects of Valproic Acid P-Oxidation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1036. [PMID: 38790997 PMCID: PMC11117587 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The safety of the use of psychotropic drugs, widely used in neurological and psychiatric practice, is an urgent problem in personalized medicine. This narrative review demonstrated the variability in allelic frequencies of low-functioning and non-functional single nucleotide variants in genes encoding key isoenzymes of valproic acid P-oxidation in the liver across different ethnic/racial groups. The sensitivity and specificity of pharmacogenetic testing panels for predicting the rate of metabolism of valproic acid by P-oxidation can be increased by prioritizing the inclusion of the most common risk allele characteristic of a particular population (country).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A. Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.N.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Violetta V. Grechkina
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Vera V. Trefilova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
| | - Mikhail Ya. Kissin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina A. Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.N.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Marina M. Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.A.N.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia P. Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Outpatient Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Regina F. Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, Shared Core Facilities, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, 192019 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.V.G.); (V.V.T.)
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, 443016 Samara, Russia
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Abodi M, Mazzocchi A, Risé P, Marangoni F, Agostoni C, Milani GP. Salivary fatty acids in humans: a comprehensive literature review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2024-0177. [PMID: 38634552 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) exert diverse biological functions in humans, influencing physiological responses and, ultimately, health and disease risk. The analysis of FAs in human samples has significant implications and attracts interest in diagnostics and research. The standard method for assessing FA profiles involves the collection of blood samples, which can be inconvenient, invasive, and potentially painful, particularly for young individuals outside hospital settings. Saliva emerged as a promising alternative for evaluating FA profiles in both clinical and research settings. However, to the best of our knowledge, an updated synthesis of the related evidence is unavailable. This comprehensive review aims to summarize data on FA analysis and highlight the potential of the use of salivary FAs as a biomarker in health and disease. Over the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying salivary FAs in chronic diseases, and more recently, researchers have explored the prognostic value of FAs in acute conditions to check the availability of a non-invasive sampling methodology. A deeper understanding of salivary FAs could have relevant implications both for healthy individuals and patients, particularly in elucidating the correlation between the dietary lipidic content and salivary FA level, Finally, it is crucial to address the standardization of the methods as the sampling, processing, and analysis of saliva are heterogeneous among studies, and limited correlation between blood FAs and salivary FAs is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Abodi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mazzocchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio Paolo Milani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, 9304 University of Milan , Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Syrjäläinen S, Männistö S, Könönen E, Pussinen P, Gürsoy M, Suominen AL, Jousilahti P, Gürsoy UK. Dietary inflammatory index in relation to salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis: A cross-sectional analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:406-416. [PMID: 38158626 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis after controlling for body mass index (BMI), socio-demographic factors and lifestyle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgroups from two Finnish surveys, DILGOM 2007 and Health 2000, were included (total n = 727). The DII scores were calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal status was assessed with a cumulative risk score in DILGOM 2007 and by pocket depth measurement in Health 2000. From saliva, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were measured. RESULTS The DII scores did not differ between non-periodontitis and periodontitis participants in pairwise comparison. After adjusting for energy intake, periodontal status, BMI, age, education level, smoking habit and physical activity, DII was not associated with salivary cytokine concentrations. After adjusting for salivary cytokine levels and other confounding factors, DII was associated with periodontitis in the Health 2000 subgroup but not in the DILGOM 2007 subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The current data support the evidence that diet is not associated with salivary cytokine levels but may be associated with periodontitis. The association observed between diet and periodontitis is related to factors other than diet-dependent inflammatory tendency in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Syrjäläinen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Teaching Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Fey JMH, Bikker FJ, Hesse D. Saliva Collection Methods Among Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:15-26. [PMID: 37950136 PMCID: PMC10786738 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00684-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saliva can be used for screening and diagnostic purposes. Although multiple saliva collection methods are available, their use in children can be limited due to lack of cooperation, developmental stage, and age. The aim of this scoping review was to comprehensively appraise the different methods of saliva collection among both children and adolescents by assessing the available scientific literature. METHODS A literature search was performed using the databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Eligible studies on saliva collection methods among children and adolescents were included for this review. RESULTS The literature search identified 249 eligible articles, of which 205 had a cross-sectional study design. Four distinct saliva collection methods have surfaced: the drooling method, the absorption method, the spitting method, and the suction method. Among infants or children under the age of 6 years, the suction and absorption methods were most preferred. The drooling and spitting methods were only applicable among children above the age of 3 years. When children were not willing to cooperate, the absorption method was most feasible. In adolescents and older children, no specific method was found to be preferred over another method. CONCLUSION Overall, saliva collection is well tolerated by children and adolescents, with the absorption and suction methods being preferred with young and uncooperative children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette M H Fey
- Department of Paediadtric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Hesse
- Department of Paediadtric Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gajula SNR, Khairnar AS, Jock P, Kumari N, Pratima K, Munjal V, Kalan P, Sonti R. LC-MS/MS: A sensitive and selective analytical technique to detect COVID-19 protein biomarkers in the early disease stage. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:5-18. [PMID: 36919634 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2191845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 outbreak has put enormous pressure on the scientific community to detect infection rapidly, identify the status of disease severity, and provide an immediate vaccine/drug for the treatment. Relying on immunoassay and a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) led to many false-negative and false-positive reports. Therefore, detecting biomarkers is an alternative and reliable approach for determining the infection, its severity, and disease progression. Recent advances in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enable the protein biomarkers even at low concentrations, thus facilitating clinicians to monitor the treatment in hospitals. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the role of LC-MS/MS in identifying protein biomarkers and discusses the clinically significant protein biomarkers such as Serum amyloid A, Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, Lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, ferritin, Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, gelsolin and galectin-3-binding protein in COVID-19, and their analysis by LC-MS/MS in the early stage. EXPERT OPINION Clinical doctors monitor significant biomarkers to understand, stratify, and treat patients according to disease severity. Knowledge of clinically significant COVID-19 protein biomarkers is critical not only for COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus but also to prepare us for future pandemics of other diseases in detecting by LC-MS/MS at the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ankita Sahebrao Khairnar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Pallavi Jock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Nikita Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Kendre Pratima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Vijay Munjal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Pavan Kalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
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Analysis of Selected Salivary Adipokines and Cytokines in Patients with Obesity-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044145. [PMID: 36835557 PMCID: PMC9964799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, progressive and relapsing disease that produces many adverse health, social and economic effects. The aim of the study was to analyse the concentrations of selected proinflammatory parameters in the saliva of obese and normal body weight individuals. The study included 116 people divided into two groups: the study group (n = 75, subjects with obesity) and the control group (n = 41, individuals with normal body weight). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed, and saliva samples were collected from all study participants to determine the concentrations of selected proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines. Statistically significantly higher concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-1β were found in the saliva of obese women compared to women with normal body weight. Furthermore, statistically significantly higher concentrations of MMP-9, IL-6 and resistin were observed in the saliva of obese men compared to men with normal body weight. Higher concentrations of selected proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines were found in the saliva of obese individuals compared to individuals with normal body weight. It is likely that higher concentrations of MMP-2, MMP-9 and IL-1β can be detected in the saliva of obese women compared to non-obese women, while higher concentrations of MMP-9, IL-6 and resistin can be found in the saliva of obese men compared to non-obese men, which suggests that further research to confirm our observations and determine the mechanisms of development of metabolic complications associated with obesity depending on gender is needed.
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Zyśk B, Ostrowska L, Smarkusz-Zarzecka J, Witczak-Sawczuk K, Gornowicz A, Bielawska A. Pro-Inflammatory Adipokine and Cytokine Profiles in the Saliva of Obese Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032891. [PMID: 36769216 PMCID: PMC9917694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Undiagnosed and untreated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to the development of many complications, such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, or cardiovascular diseases. Obese people are at increased risk of developing NAFLD. Due to the current lack of routine diagnostics, it is extremely important to look for new diagnostic methods and markers for this disease. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of selected pro-inflammatory adipokines and cytokines in the unstimulated saliva of obese people with fatty liver disease in various stages (with or without slight fibrosis) and to analyze them for possible use as early markers of NAFLD diagnosis. The study involved 96 people who were divided into 5 groups based on the criterion of body mass index (BMI) and the degree of fatty liver (liver elastography). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in the concentrations of MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9), resistin, and IL-1β (interleukin 1β) in saliva. Statistically significant, positive correlations between hepatic steatosis and the concentration of MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase 2), resistin, and IL-1β in saliva were also found. Statistically significant positive correlations were also found between the concentration of resistin in saliva and the concentration of ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and GGTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) in serum. MMP-2, IL-1β, and resistin may be potential markers of NAFLD development, assessed in saliva. However, further research is needed because this is the first study to evaluate the concentrations of the selected pro-inflammatory parameters in the saliva of patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zyśk
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I Street 4B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lucyna Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I Street 4B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-686-53-13
| | - Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I Street 4B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Witczak-Sawczuk
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I Street 4B, 15-054 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego Street 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego Street 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Balaganesh S, Balasubramaniam A, Indiran MA, Rathinavelu PK, Kumar MPS. Determination of salivary cortisol and salivary pH level in gaming teenagers - A cross-sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:838-842. [PMID: 36186268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Internet gaming disorder and cybervictimization has a disproportionate increase during the COVID 19 pandemic. Teenagers and adolescents have high risk for addiction to online gaming. Online gaming increases the stress level of the users affecting the general and the oral health. The study aims to determine the salivary cortisol and salivary pH among the gaming teenagers. Materials and methods The cross-sectional study recruited 45 gaming teenagers with the mean age of 15.5 years. The participants were stratified according to the type of online gaming played as mind, aggressive and betting gaming. Their salivary pH and salivary cortisol were assessed. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results The mean salivary pH was found to be less among females playing aggressive games (7.11 ± 0.30) and males playing mind games (7.24 ± 0.16). Salivary cortisol level was found to be statistically high in males (6.66 ± 1.33) and females (7.82 ± 0.66) playing aggressive games. The sub-group analysis of salivary pH and cortisol for gender showed a significant difference in the mean salivary cortisol level (p < 0.05) with no difference in the salivary pH (p > 0.05). Based on the number of hours spent in online gaming, there was a significant increase in the mean salivary cortisol level among the participants playing >3 h (p < 0.05). Conclusion Salivary cortisol is high among individuals playing aggressive games compared to mind and betting games. Also, salivary cortisol is high in females compared to males with no change in salivary pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Balaganesh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arthi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meignana Arumugham Indiran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M P Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, No.162, Poonamallee High Road, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Effect of thermal and chemical treatments used for SARS-COV-2 inactivation in the measurement of saliva analytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9434. [PMID: 35676391 PMCID: PMC9174913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effects of thermal and chemical inactivating procedures, that can be used for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation, on different salivary analytes. SDS–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) protein profile and a panel of 25 specific biomarkers of oxidative status, stress, metabolism and tissue damage were evaluated in samples subjected to different treatments: thermal (65 °C or 92 °C) and chemical with detergents [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Triton X-100 or NP-40]. Salivary SDS-PAGE profile was most affected by heating at 92 °C, with three and two protein bands decreasing and increasing their expression levels, respectively. This treatment also affected the results of several enzymes, with some of them being also affected by heating at 65 °C and incubation with SDS. The use of Triton X-100 or NP-40 resulted in increased values of cortisol, triglycerides and glucose, not affecting the other tested biomarkers. The present results will help researchers and clinicians to select the best protocols to work in safe conditions with saliva, taking into account the target analyte planned to be measured.
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13
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Leme LAFP, Rizzardi KF, Santos IB, Parisotto TM. Exploring the Relationship between Salivary Levels of TNF-α, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Obesity, and Caries in Early Childhood. Pathogens 2022; 11:579. [PMID: 35631100 PMCID: PMC9145422 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillus gasseri (L. gasseri), obesity, and early childhood caries. After caries and obesity diagnosis based on the WHO criteria, 94 preschoolers were assessed. Unstimulated saliva was collected for analysis of TNF-α by the Milliplex system and for L. acidophilus and L. gasseri using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In obese children, each unit increase in the body mass index (BMI), and the TNF-α levels was associated with a one-time increase in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, in eutrophic preschoolers, the presence of L. gasseri and L. acidophilus was linked, respectively, to an increase of 3.04 and 1.59 times in the number of decayed surfaces (p < 0.05); in obese children, the presence of L. acidophilus was not significant (p > 0.05) and L. gasseri was shown as a possible protective indicator (RR:0.49−p < 0.05). In conclusion, TNF-α and BMI were connected to carious lesions only in obese preschoolers, suggesting that inflammation could be underscored when both pathologies are concomitant. The presence of both species of lactobacilli investigated was connected with early childhood caries in eutrophic children, whereas in obese children only L. gasseri was significant, and in an opposite way, reinforcing that obesity can modulate oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, University São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo 12916-900, Brazil; (L.A.F.P.L.); (K.F.R.); (I.B.S.)
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14
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Clephane K, O'Loughlin JI, Bodnar TS, Wilson MC, Stariha JT, Craig AN, Weinberg J, Brotto LA, Lorenz TK. Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between Salivary CRP and Women's Sexual Desire: An Investigation Across Clinical and Healthy Samples. J Sex Med 2022; 19:745-760. [PMID: 35296386 PMCID: PMC9064911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation has been linked to a variety of mental and physical health outcomes that disproportionately impact women, and which can impair sexual function; thus, there is reason to expect a link between inflammation and women's sexual functioning. AIM To test the hypothesis that higher concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general biomarker of inflammation, would predict women's lower sexual desire. METHOD As 2 independent research teams, we conducted 3 separate studies (total n = 405) that assessed salivary CRP and various measurements of sexual desire in different women populations. OUTCOMES Female Sexual Function Index, Sexual Desire Inventory-2, Decreased Sexual Desire Screener, and Sexual Interest and Desire Inventory. RESULTS Regardless of the way sexual desire was measured (e.g., state vs trait; general desire vs. desire functioning) and the population sampled (i.e., healthy vs. clinically diagnosed with sexual dysfunction), all the studies revealed null results. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS While exploratory, the convergence of these null results across studies and researchers suggests that if there is an association between inflammation and women's sexual desire, it is likely very subtle. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS Across 2 independent research teams, 3 unrelated studies, and various measurements of sexual desire, results were consistent. These points lend to the generalizability of the results. However, study designs were cross-sectional. CONCLUSIONS Future research may reveal (i) a non-linear threshold effect, such that inflammation does not begin to impact women's sexual desire until it is at a high level, (ii) inflammatory biomarkers other than CRP might be more sensitive in detecting associations between inflammation and desire, should they exist, or (iii) the mechanisms underlying sexual dysfunction may differ between sexes. Clephane K, et al. Lack of Evidence for a Relationship Between Salivary CRP and Women's Sexual Desire: An Investigation Across Clinical and Healthy Samples. J Sex Med 2022;19:745-760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Clephane
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, Lincoln, NE, USA; University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Psychology Department, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Julia I O'Loughlin
- University of British Columbia, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, Vancouver, British Columbia, CA, USA
| | - Tamara S Bodnar
- University of British Columbia, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, CA, USA
| | - M Claire Wilson
- Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jordan Tb Stariha
- University of British Columbia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vancouver, British Columbia, CA, USA
| | - Amber N Craig
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joanne Weinberg
- University of British Columbia, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, CA, USA
| | - Lori A Brotto
- University of British Columbia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vancouver, British Columbia, CA, USA; University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, British Columbia, CA, USA
| | - Tierney K Lorenz
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, Lincoln, NE, USA; University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Psychology Department, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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15
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Cui Y, Yang M, Zhu J, Zhang H, Duan Z, Wang S, Liao Z, Liu W. Developments in diagnostic applications of saliva in Human Organ Diseases. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2022.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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16
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Zyśk B, Ostrowska L, Smarkusz-Zarzecka J. Salivary Adipokine and Cytokine Levels as Potential Markers for the Development of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111703. [PMID: 34769133 PMCID: PMC8584047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the number of people suffering from obesity is increasing worldwide. In addition, the disease is affecting younger individuals. Therefore, it is essential to search for new diagnostic methods and markers for early assessment of the risk of obesity, metabolic disorders, and other comorbidities. The discovery of the secretory function of adipose tissue and coexistence of low-grade chronic inflammation with obesity set a new direction in this disease diagnosis using the assessment of the concentration of inflammatory markers secreted by adipose tissue. The aim of this review was to determine, based on previous findings, whether saliva can be useful in the diagnosis of obesity and its early metabolic complications and whether it can be an alternative diagnostic material to serum.
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17
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Gofin Y, Fanous E, Pasternak Y, Prokocimer Z, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R, Codick G, Waisbourd-Zinman O, Fried S, Livni G. Salivary C-reactive protein-a possible predictor of serum levels in pediatric acute respiratory illness. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2465-2472. [PMID: 33822246 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Identifying the etiology of an acute respiratory infection in children is a well-known challenge. In this study, we evaluated the correlation between salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and its serum counterpart, which is known to be higher in bacterial infections but necessitates a venipuncture. Salivary and serum CRPs were measured in children with an acute respiratory illness, aged 2 months to 18 years. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to measure correlation. Discrimination of the salivary CRP levels for predicting serum levels above 100 mg/L was calculated and compared to serum CRP levels. Sensitivity and specificity were similarly calculated. Salivary CRP was measured in 104 samples. Levels correlated significantly and positively with serum CRP levels (r = 0.670, p<0.001). Area under the curve for predicting serum CRP levels of 100 mg/L was 0.848. For a salivary CRP concentration above 32,610 ng/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 69% and 93%, respectively, for accurately predicting a serum CRP level ≥100 mg/L.Conclusions: Salivary CRP can be used in the pediatric acute setting due to its high specificity for predicting elevated serum levels without the need for venipuncture. Further studies are required to achieve higher sensitivity rates. What is known: • Salivary C-reactive protein has shown correlation to its serum counterpart, mainly in healthy children, adults, and ill neonates. What is new: • In a large population of children with acute respiratory illness, aged 2 months to 18 years, salivary C-reactive protein showed high specificity for predicting elevated serum levels, thus indicating its potential as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Gofin
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tikva, Israel.
| | - Eliana Fanous
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Yehonatan Pasternak
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 35 Klachkin St., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zafnat Prokocimer
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Orna Zagoory-Sharon
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, 8 Ha'universita St., Herzliya, Israel
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, 8 Ha'universita St., Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gabriel Codick
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 35 Klachkin St., Tel Aviv, Israel
- Epidemiology & Database Research Department, Maccabi Healthcare Services, 27 Hamered St., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orith Waisbourd-Zinman
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 35 Klachkin St., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sophia Fried
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 35 Klachkin St., Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gilat Livni
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, 14 Kaplan St., Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 35 Klachkin St., Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Brett BE, Koko BK, Doumbia HOY, Koffi FK, Assa SE, Zahé KYAS, Faye-Ketté H, Kati-Coulibaly S, Kort R, Sybesma W, Reid G, de Weerth C. Salivary biomarkers of stress and inflammation in first graders in Côte d'Ivoire: Effects of a probiotic food intervention. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 129:105255. [PMID: 34020263 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This semi-randomized controlled trial examined the effects of a probiotic food supplement on cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a sample of 262 four-to seven-year-old children (56% girls) in two economically-disadvantaged schools in an urban setting in Côte d'Ivoire. For one semester, children in one school were randomized to receive a probiotic (N = 79) or placebo (N = 85) fermented dairy food each day they attended school; one child (due to medical reasons) and all children in the other school (N = 98) continued their diets as usual. Children provided two saliva samples at 11:30 on consecutive days at the end of the study. Analyses revealed that the probiotic group had lower cortisol than the placebo or diet-as-usual groups (p = .015); CRP levels were comparable across groups (p = .549). Exploratory analyses suggested that dose and regularity of consumption may impact the biomarkers as well. This study provides the first evidence that a probiotic milk product may lower cortisol in a sample of young, economically-disadvantaged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie E Brett
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bruno K Koko
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houghouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Habib O Y Doumbia
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houghouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | | | - Savorgnan E Assa
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houghouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Kollet Y A S Zahé
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houghouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Hortense Faye-Ketté
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houghouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cocody, CHU, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Séraphin Kati-Coulibaly
- UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houghouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire; Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Cocody, CHU, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Remco Kort
- Yoba For Life Foundation, Hunzestraat 133-A, 1079 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wilbert Sybesma
- Yoba For Life Foundation, Hunzestraat 133-A, 1079 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gregor Reid
- Lawson Health Research Institute and Western University, 268 Grosvenor St, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada.
| | - Carolina de Weerth
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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19
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Bivona G, Agnello L, Ciaccio M. Biomarkers for Prognosis and Treatment Response in COVID-19 Patients. Ann Lab Med 2021; 41:540-548. [PMID: 34108281 PMCID: PMC8203437 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2021.41.6.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During a severe infection such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the level of almost all analytes can change, presenting a correlation with disease severity and survival; however, a biomarker cannot be translated into clinical practice for treatment guidance until it is proven to have a significant impact. Several studies have documented the association between COVID-19 severity and circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6, and the accuracy of the CRP level in predicting treatment responses has been evaluated. Moreover, promising findings on prothrombin and D-dimer have been reported. However, the clinical usefulness of these biomarkers in COVID-19 is far from proven. The burst of data generation during this pandemic has led to the publication of numerous studies with several notable drawbacks, weakening the strength of their findings. We provide an overview of the key findings of studies on biomarkers for the prognosis and treatment response in COVID-19 patients. We also highlight the main drawbacks of these studies that have limited the clinical use of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bivona
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, AOUP "P. Giaccone," Palermo, Italy
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20
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Zhu X, Chen C, Zhang B, Ge Y, Wang W, Cai J, Kan H. Acute effects of personal exposure to fine particulate matter on salivary and urinary biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129906. [PMID: 33592518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive bio-samples, such as saliva and urine, are promising tools for assessment of inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Few studies have investigated potential responses of those biomarkers towards short-term PM2.5 exposure. We conducted a longitudinal study with 4 repeated examinations among 40 healthy, nonsmoking adults in Shanghai, China. Personal samplings were performed for PM2.5 exposure assessment. Then, five biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) in saliva and 8-Iso-Prostaglanding F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in urine, were measured. We fitted linear mixed-effect models to evaluate short-term effect of personal PM2.5 exposure on salivary and urinary biomarkers, adjusting for potential confounders of meteorology, sociodemographic characteristics and biomarker detection. We also explored sensitive time windows of exposure for different biomarkers. We found robust associations of salivary CRP, TNF-α, and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α with PM2.5 exposure, and responses of salivary inflammatory markers occurred more acutely than urinary oxidative stress markers. For instance, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an elevation of 5.49% (95% CI: 1.17%, 9.99%) in CRP and 7.05% (95% CI: 1.29%, 13.13%) in TNF-α both at lag 12 h, and 6.97% (95% CI: 1.33%, 12.92%) in 8-iso-PGF2α at lag 01 d. Based on non-invasive samples, this study provided evidence on effect of PM2.5 exposure on responses of systematic inflammation and oxidative stress. Sub-daily (6-12 h) and daily (≥24 h) period after PM2.5 exposure might be sensitive time window to detect the responses of salivary (i.e. CRP, TNF) and urinary biomarkers (i.e. 8-iso-PGF2α), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Huangpu Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yihui Ge
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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21
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Qian J, Martinez-Lozano N, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rios R, Scheer FAJL, Garaulet M. Blunted rest-activity rhythms link to higher body mass index and inflammatory markers in children. Sleep 2021; 44:6010463. [PMID: 33249510 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Disturbances of rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. Whether such relationship exists in children is unclear. We aimed to examine cross-sectional associations of rest-activity rhythm characteristics with BMI z-score and obesity-related inflammatory markers in school-age children. METHODS Participants included 411 healthy children (mean ± SD age 10.1 ± 1.3 years, 50.8% girls) from a Mediterranean area of Spain who wore wrist accelerometers for 7 consecutive days. Metrics of rest-activity rhythm were derived using both parametric and nonparametric approaches. Obesity-related inflammatory markers were measured in saliva (n = 121). RESULTS In a multivariable-adjusted model, higher BMI z-score is associated with less robust 24-h rest-activity rhythms as represented by lower relative amplitude (-0.16 [95% CI -0.29, -0.02] per SD, p = 0.02). The association between BMI z-score and relative amplitude persisted with additional adjustment for sleep duration, and attenuated after adjustment for daytime activity level. Less robust rest-activity rhythms were related to increased levels of several salivary pro-inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, which is inversely associated with relative amplitude (-32.6% [-47.8%, -12.9%] per SD), independently of BMI z-score, sleep duration, and daytime activity level. CONCLUSION Blunted rest-activity rhythms are associated with higher BMI z-score and salivary pro-inflammatory markers already at an early age. The association with BMI z-score seem to be independent of sleep duration, and those with pro-inflammatory markers further independent of BMI z-score and daytime activity. Novel intervention targets at an early age based on improving the strength of rest-activity rhythms may help to prevent childhood obesity and related inflammation. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02895282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nuria Martinez-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Salivary Protein Profile and Food Intake: A Dietary Pattern Analysis. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:6629951. [PMID: 33953975 PMCID: PMC8064783 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6629951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva research has gained interest due to its potential as a source of biomarkers. One of the factors inducing changes in saliva, in the short term, is food intake, and evidence exist about changes in salivary proteome induced by some food components. Since this topic of research is in its early stages, it was hypothesized that saliva protein composition could be associated with different levels of adherence to dietary patterns that contain higher amounts of plant products. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis, in adults, by comparing salivary protein electrophoretic profiles of individuals with different diet characteristics, particularly dietary patterns (DP) that exhibit different proportions of animal and plant-based products. Dietary habits were assessed in 122 adults (61 from each sex, with ages ranging from 20 to 59 years) using Food Frequency Questionnaires. To identify the dietary patterns, a principal component analysis was used. Individual's non-stimulated saliva was evaluated for flow rate, pH, protein concentration, α-amylase activity, and electrophoretic protein profiles. Seven dietary patterns (DP) were identified. Salivary amylase enzymatic activity was positively associated with animal-based and starchy foods DP, and with plant-based fatty foods without wine DP. At the same time, protein bands containing amylase and type S cystatins were positively associated with the cheese/yoghurt and wine DP. Our results support the association of salivary proteomics and different dietary patterns and highlight the need of considering food consumption habits in studies using saliva, since this is a factor associated with variations in the composition of this fluid.
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Li H, Xu D, Li H, Wu Y, Cheng Y, Chen Z, Yin G, Wang W, Ge Y, Niu Y, Liu C, Cai J, Kan H, Yu D, Chen R. Exposure to ultrafine particles and oral flora, respiratory function, and biomarkers of inflammation: A panel study in children. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116489. [PMID: 33485003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is the most important air pollution problem that leads to substantial health effects. However, very few studies focused on the effects of ultrafine particles (UFPs, particles< 0.1 μm) on children respiratory health. We performed a panel study with 3 rounds of follow-up among 65 pupils at the Elementary School Affiliated to Shanghai Normal University in China from November 2018 to June 2019. Real-time concentrations of UFPs were measured in the campus. In each visit, we detected biomarkers in saliva and microflora in buccal mucosa, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function. We applied a linear mixed-effect (LME) model to examine the associations of UFPs and each health outcome. We found increased levels of FeNO and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and reduced lung function in association with higher UFP exposure. For each interquartile range increase of UFPs, the largest changes were found in lag 0-72 h for forced vital capacity [-69.02 ml (95% CI: -114.20, -23.84)], TNF-α [13.41 pg/ml (95% CI: 7.08, 19.73)], and FeNO [26.85% (95% CI: 11.84%, 43.88%)]. UFP exposure was associated with reduced diversity in buccal microflora with largest reduction in lag 0-72 h [12.24 (95% CI: 7.76, 16.71) for Ace index; 8.78 (95% CI: 2.96, 14.60) for Chao1 index]. UFP exposure was also associated with increased Streptococcus, Gemella, and decreased Actinomyces. Short-term UFP exposures may impair the respiratory system by inducing inflammation, decreasing lung function and attenuating buccal microbe diversity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Li
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Huichu Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Xuhui District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Guanjin Yin
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yihui Ge
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dedong Yu
- Department of 2nd Dental Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Atkinson SA, Jimenez EY, Pérez-Escamilla R. Evidence gaps and research needs in current guidance on feeding children from birth to 24 months. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:294-297. [PMID: 33253053 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A United States National Academies report summarized recommendations on what and how to feed infants and young children in high-income countries from 43 eligible guideline documents. Consistency existed across many recommendations, but some differences occurred in topic areas, age groupings, and methodological approaches. Future development of guidelines on feeding of infants and young children requires new research and a rigorous evidence-based review process that is harmonized within and across countries and incorporates dissemination and implementation guidance. Novelty: New research and rigorous methods are recommended to develop future harmonized guidance on feeding of infants and young children that incorporates dissemination and implementation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez
- Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine and College of Population Health, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Office of Public Health Practice and Global Health Concentration, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Changes in Markers of Oxidative Stress and α-Amylase in Saliva of Children Associated with a Tennis Competition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176269. [PMID: 32872210 PMCID: PMC7503412 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes caused by a one-day tennis tournament in biomarkers of oxidative stress and α-amylase in saliva in children. The sample was 20 male active children with the following characteristics: (a) age of players = 9.46 ± 0.66 years; (b) weight = 34.8 ± 6.5 kg; (c) height = 136.0 ± 7.9 cm; (d) mean weekly training tennis = 2.9 ± 1.0 h. The tennis competition ran for one day, with four matches for each player. Data were taken from the average duration per match and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Four biomarkers of antioxidant status: uric acid (AU), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing ability of saliva (FRAS, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as a biomarker of psychological stress were measured in saliva. The time points were baseline (at home before the tournament), pre-competition (immediately before the first match) and post-match (after each match) measurements. The four biomarkers of antioxidant status showed a similar dynamic with lower values at baseline and a progressive increase during the four matches. Overall one-day tennis competition in children showed a tendency to increase antioxidant biomarkers in saliva. In addition, there was an increase in pre-competition sAA possibly associated with psychological stress. Further studies about the possible physiological implications of these findings should be performed in the future.
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Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051491. [PMID: 32429101 PMCID: PMC7290439 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, updated information and future perspectives about the use of saliva as a sample for laboratory analysis of the Covid-19 are highlighted. Saliva can be used for the direct detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the quantification of the specific immunoglobulins produced against it, and for the evaluation of the non-specific, innate immune response of the patient. Moreover, a deeper knowledge of potential changes in the saliva proteome in this disease may allow the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, or even help our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the disease. With the development of appropriate sample collection and processing methods and the use of adequate assays, saliva can provide useful clinical information about the disease and could be potentially included in guidelines for sample collection for the diagnosis, disease management, and control of Covid-19.
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Kessler K, Hornemann S, Rudovich N, Weber D, Grune T, Kramer A, Pfeiffer AFH, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Saliva Samples as A Tool to Study the Effect of Meal Timing on Metabolic And Inflammatory Biomarkers. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020340. [PMID: 32013045 PMCID: PMC7071228 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meal timing affects metabolic regulation in humans. Most studies use blood samples for their investigations. Saliva, although easily available and non-invasive, seems to be rarely used for chrononutritional studies. In this pilot study, we tested if saliva samples could be used to study the effect of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on metabolic rhythms. In this cross-over trial, 29 nonobese men were randomized to two isocaloric 4-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until 13:30 and high-fat meals between 16:30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order of meals. Stimulated saliva samples were collected every 4 h for 24 h at the end of each intervention, and levels of hormones and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed in saliva and blood. Cortisol, melatonin, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 demonstrated distinct diurnal variations, mirroring daytime reports in blood and showing significant correlations with blood levels. The rhythm patterns were similar for both diets, indicating that timing of carbohydrate and fat intake has a minimal effect on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in saliva. Our study revealed that saliva is a promising tool for the non-invasive assessment of metabolic rhythms in chrononutritional studies, but standardisation of sample collection is needed in out-of-lab studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kessler
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (K.K.); (S.H.); (N.R.); (A.F.H.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Biomineral Research Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Silke Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (K.K.); (S.H.); (N.R.); (A.F.H.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Natalia Rudovich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (K.K.); (S.H.); (N.R.); (A.F.H.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Spital Bülach, 8180 Bülach, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Achim Kramer
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University of Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas F. H. Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (K.K.); (S.H.); (N.R.); (A.F.H.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (K.K.); (S.H.); (N.R.); (A.F.H.P.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University of Medicine, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Reseach Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Correspondence:
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