1
|
Żelechowska P, Wiktorska M, Kozłowska E, Agier J. Adipokine receptor expression in mast cells is altered by specific ligands and proinflammatory cytokines. Immunol Cell Biol 2024. [PMID: 39014534 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Adipokines play essential roles in regulating a range of biological processes, but growing evidence indicates that they are also fundamental in immunological mechanisms and, primarily, inflammatory responses. Adipokines mediate their actions through specific receptors. However, although adipokine receptors are widely distributed in many cell and tissue types, limited data are available on their expression in mast cells (MCs) and, consequently, adipokine's significance in the modulation of MC activity within the tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that rat peritoneal MCs constitutively express the leptin receptor (i.e. LEPR), adiponectin receptors (i.e. ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) and the chemerin receptor (i.e. CMKLR1). We also found that LEPR, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2 and CMKLR1 expression in MCs changes in response to stimulation by their specific ligands and some cytokines with potent proinflammatory properties. Furthermore, the involvement of intracellular signaling molecules in leptin-, adiponectin- and chemerin-induced MC response was analyzed. Overall, our findings suggest that adipokines leptin, adiponectin and chemerin can significantly affect the activity of MCs in various processes, especially during inflammation. These observations may contribute significantly to understanding the relationship between adipokines, immune mechanisms and diseases or conditions with an inflammatory component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Experimental Immunology, MOLecoLAB: Lodz Centre of Molecular Studies on Civilisation Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wiktorska
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Experimental Immunology, MOLecoLAB: Lodz Centre of Molecular Studies on Civilisation Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Agier
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Experimental Immunology, MOLecoLAB: Lodz Centre of Molecular Studies on Civilisation Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kountouras J, Boziki M, Kazakos E, Theotokis P, Kesidou E, Nella M, Bakirtzis C, Karafoulidou E, Vardaka E, Mouratidou MC, Kyrailidi F, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Orovou E, Giartza-Taxidou E, Deretzi G, Grigoriadis N, Doulberis M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori and metabolic syndrome on mast cell activation-related pathophysiology and neurodegeneration. Neurochem Int 2024; 175:105724. [PMID: 38508416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are highly prevalent worldwide. The emergence of relevant research suggesting a pathogenic linkage between H. pylori infection and MetS-related cardio-cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly through mechanisms involving brain pericyte deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, elevated lipoprotein-a, galectin-3 overexpression, atrial fibrillation, and gut dysbiosis, has raised stimulating questions regarding their pathophysiology and its translational implications for clinicians. An additional stimulating aspect refers to H. pylori and MetS-related activation of innate immune cells, mast cells (MC), which is an important, often early, event in systemic inflammatory pathologies and related brain disorders. Synoptically, MC degranulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori and MetS-related obesity, adipokine effects, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension, vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness, an early indicator of atherosclerosis associated with cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Meningeal MC can be activated by triggers including stress and toxins resulting in vascular changes and neurodegeneration. Likewise, H.pylori and MetS-related MC activation is linked with: (a) vasculitis and thromboembolic events that increase the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and (b) gut dysbiosis-associated neurodegeneration, whereas modulation of gut microbiota and MC activation may promote neuroprotection. This narrative review investigates the intricate relationship between H. pylori infection, MetS, MC activation, and their collective impact on pathophysiological processes linked to neurodegeneration. Through a comprehensive search of current literature, we elucidate the mechanisms through which H. pylori and MetS contribute to MC activation, subsequently triggering cascades of inflammatory responses. This highlights the role of MC as key mediators in the pathogenesis of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, emphasizing their involvement in neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction and, ultimately, neuronal damage. Although further research is warranted, we provide a novel perspective on the pathophysiology and management of brain disorders by exploring potential therapeutic strategies targeting H. pylori eradication, MetS management, and modulation of MC to mitigate neurodegeneration risk while promoting neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece.
| | - Marina Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria C Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, Kozani, 50100, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Evaggelia Giartza-Taxidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece; Gastroklinik, Private Gastroenterological Practice, 8810, Horgen, Switzerland; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Kazakos E, Orovou E, Andronikidi PE, Kyrailidi F, Mouratidou MC, Iatrakis G, Kountouras J. The Role of Helicobacter pylori and Metabolic Syndrome-Related Mast Cell Activation Pathologies and Their Potential Impact on Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2360. [PMID: 38673633 PMCID: PMC11050948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection, a significant global burden beyond the gastrointestinal tract, has long been implicated in various systemic pathologies. Rising evidence suggests that the bacterium's intricate relationship with the immune system and its potential to induce chronic inflammation impact diverse pathophysiological processes in pregnant women that may in turn affect the incidence of several adverse pregnancy and neonate outcomes. Helicobacter pylori infection, which has been linked to metabolic syndrome and other disorders by provoking pericyte dysfunction, hyperhomocysteinemia, galectin-3, atrial fibrillation, gut dysbiosis, and mast cell activation pathologies, may also contribute to adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Together with increasing our biological understanding of the individual and collective involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection-related metabolic syndrome and concurrent activation of mast cells in maternal, fetus, and neonatal health outcomes, the present narrative review may foster related research endeavors to offer novel therapeutic approaches and informed clinical practice interventions to mitigate relevant risks of this critical topic among pregnant women and their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Koila, Greece; (M.T.-C.); (E.K.); (E.O.)
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Macedonia, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Evangelos Kazakos
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Koila, Greece; (M.T.-C.); (E.K.); (E.O.)
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Macedonia, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Eirini Orovou
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Koila, Greece; (M.T.-C.); (E.K.); (E.O.)
| | - Paraskevi Eva Andronikidi
- Department of Nephrology, Aretaieion University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Foteini Kyrailidi
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Macedonia, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria C. Mouratidou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Macedonia, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.K.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Georgios Iatrakis
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece;
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Macedonia, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (F.K.); (M.C.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grujic M, Alim MA, Hellman L, Peterson M, Pejler G. Mast Cells are Dependent on Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) and GLUT3 for IgE-mediated Activation. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8. [PMID: 38565760 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are known to have a pathological impact in a variety of settings, in particular in allergic conditions. There is also limited evidence implicating MCs in diabetes, raising the possibility that MC function may be influenced by alterations in glucose levels. However, it is not known whether MCs are directly affected by elevated glucose concentrations. Moreover, it is not known which glucose transporters that are expressed by MCs, and whether MCs are dependent on glucose transporters for activation. Here we addressed these issues. We show that MCs express high levels of both glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1/Slc2A1) and GLUT3 (Slc2A3). Further, we show that the inhibition of either GLUT1 or GLUT3 dampens both MC degranulation and cytokine induction in response to IgE receptor crosslinking, and that combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition causes an even more pronounced inhibition of these parameters. In contrast, the inhibition of GLUT1 or GLUT3, or combined GLUT1 and GLUT3 inhibition, had less impact on the ability of the MCs to respond to activation via compound 48/80. Elevated glucose concentrations did not affect MC viability, and had no stimulatory effect on MC responses to either IgE receptor crosslinking or compound 48/80. Altogether, these findings reveal that MCs are strongly dependent on glucose transport via GLUT1 and/or GLUT3 for optimal responses towards IgE-mediated activation, whereas MC functionality is minimally affected by elevated glucose levels. Based on these findings, antagonists of GLUT1 and GLUT3 may be considered for therapeutic intervention in allergic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Grujic
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Md Abdul Alim
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden.
- University of Cambridge, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Lars Hellman
- Uppsala University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Peterson
- Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care, Region Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Su X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. The double roles of T cell-mediated immune response in the progression of MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116333. [PMID: 38479177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has become a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a huge burden on global public health and economy. MASLD includes steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and the latter two cause great harm to human health and life, even complicated with liver cancer. Immunologic mechanism plays a major role in promoting its development into hepatitis and cirrhosis. Now more and more evidences show that T cells play an important role in the progression of MASLD. In this review, we discuss the double roles of T cells in MASLD from the perspective of T cell response pathways, as well as new evidences regarding the possible application of immunomodulatory therapy in MASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zigan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Du C, Wang W, Qiao W, Li Y, Zhang Y, Sheng S, Zhou X, Zhang L, Fan H, Yu Y, Chen Y, Liao Y, Chen S, Chang Y. Glucocorticoids increase adiposity by stimulating Krüppel-like factor 9 expression in macrophages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1190. [PMID: 38331933 PMCID: PMC10853261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid (GC)-induced obesity are poorly understood. Macrophages are the primary targets by which GCs exert pharmacological effects and perform critical functions in adipose tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that macrophages are essential for GC-induced obesity. Dexamethasone (Dex) strongly induced Krüppel-like factor 9 (Klf9) expression in macrophages. Similar to Dex, lentivirus-mediated Klf9 overexpression inhibits M1 and M2a markers expression, causing macrophage deactivation. Furthermore, the myeloid-specific Klf9 transgene promotes obesity. Conversely, myeloid-specific Klf9-knockout (mKlf9KO) mice are lean. Moreover, myeloid Klf9 knockout largely blocks obesity induced by chronic GC treatment. Mechanistically, GC-inducible KLF9 recruits the SIN3A/HDAC complex to the promoter regions of Il6, Ptgs2, Il10, Arg1, and Chil3 to inhibit their expression, subsequently reducing thermogenesis and increasing lipid accumulation by inhibiting STAT3 signaling in adipocytes. Thus, KLF9 in macrophages integrates the beneficial anti-inflammatory and adverse metabolic effects of GCs and represents a potential target for therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinliang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunyuan Du
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sufang Sheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuenan Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfei Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang Y, Gong F. Immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment under physiological and obese conditions. Endocrine 2024; 83:10-25. [PMID: 37768512 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review will focus on the immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment and their regulatory roles in metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body under physiological and obese conditions. METHODS This review used PubMed searches of current literature to examine adipose tissue immune cells and cytokines, as well as the complex interactions between them. RESULTS Aside from serving as a passive energy depot, adipose tissue has shown specific immunological function. Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with a large number of immune cells and cytokines, whose physiological regulation plays a crucial role for metabolic homeostasis. However, obesity causes pro-inflammatory alterations in these adipose tissue immune cells, which have detrimental effects on metabolism and increase the susceptibility of individuals to the obesity related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with various immune cells and cytokines, which regulate metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body, whether under physiological or obese conditions. Targeting key immune cells and cytokines in adipose tissue microenvironment for obesity treatment becomes an attractive research point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen D, Feng G, Chen M, Feng Y, Zhang R, Yan X. The potential role of alfalfa polysaccharides and their sulphated derivatives in the alleviation of obesity. Food Funct 2023; 14:7586-7602. [PMID: 37526987 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated alfalfa polysaccharides (SAPs) as derivatives of alfalfa polysaccharides (APs) showed better in vitro antioxidant activity and potential obesity inhibition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanisms of APs and SAPs on obesity alleviation. Different concentrations of APs and SAPs were tested for effects on body conditions, gut flora, antioxidant capacity, and immunological factors. The results showed that APs and SAPs improved the physical conditions of obese mice, including organ weight, body weight, intraperitoneal fat ratio, and lipid levels. APs and SAPs increased the antioxidant capacity of the obese mice, enhanced the activity of SOD and CAT, and decreased the activity of MDA in the serum, liver, and colon. APs and SAPs upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-4 and IL-10 and downregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the liver and colon. Meanwhile, APs and SAPs improved lipid absorption in the jejunum, upregulated LXR and GLP-2, and down-regulated the mRNA expression of NPC1L1. APs and SAPs also contributed to restoring short-chain fatty acid levels in the colon. APs and SAPs improved the structure of the intestinal flora, promoted the proliferation of bacteria associated with short-chain fatty acid metabolism, and inhibited the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. At the same concentration, the effect of SAPs on the antioxidant capacity was stronger than that of APs. In the AP group, high concentrations of APs showed the best anti-inflammatory effect, while in the SAP group, medium concentrations of SAPs showed the best inhibition of inflammation. Our results suggest that APs and SAPs alleviate obesity symptoms by relieving inflammation, improving the antioxidant capacity, and regulating intestinal flora and therefore could be used as potential probiotic products to alleviate obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225127, China
| | - Guilan Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Min Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Yuxi Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
| | - Xuebing Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang C, Zhou R, Cao K, Liu J, Kan J, Qian C, Jin C. Current progress in the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Food Funct 2023; 14:4490-4506. [PMID: 37083079 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary pattern-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a great threat to human health all over the world. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus is closely associated with the dysregulation of glucose metabolism and energy metabolism, serious oxidative stress, prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress, metabolic inflammation and intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Most important of all, insulin resistance and insulin deficiency are two key factors inducing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nowadays, natural polysaccharides have gained increasing attention owing to their numerous health-promoting functions, such as hypoglycemic, energy-regulating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prebiotic activities. Therefore, natural polysaccharides have been used to alleviate diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus. Specifically, this review comprehensively summarizes the underlying hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods. For the first time, this review elucidates hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from the perspectives of their regulatory effects on glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruizheng Zhou
- Dongguan Institutes For Food and Drug Control, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunlu Qian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Liu T, Deng Z, Fang W, Zhang X, Zhang S, Wang M, Luo S, Meng Z, Liu J, Sukhova GK, Li D, McKenzie ANJ, Libby P, Shi G, Guo J. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Protect Mice from Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation via IL5 and Eosinophils. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206958. [PMID: 36592421 PMCID: PMC9982556 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Development of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) enhances lesion group-2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) accumulation and blood IL5. ILC2 deficiency in Rorafl/fl Il7rCre/+ mice or induced ILC2 depletion in Icosfl-DTR-fl/+ Cd4Cre/+ mice expedites AAA growth, increases lesion inflammation, but leads to systemic IL5 and eosinophil (EOS) deficiency. Mechanistic studies show that ILC2 protect mice from AAA formation via IL5 and EOS. IL5 or ILC2 from wild-type (WT) mice, but not ILC2 from Il5-/- mice induces EOS differentiation in bone-marrow cells from Rorafl/fl Il7rCre/+ mice. IL5, IL13, and EOS or ILC2 from WT mice, but not ILC2 from Il5-/- and Il13-/- mice block SMC apoptosis and promote SMC proliferation. EOS but not ILC2 from WT or Il5-/- mice block endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecule expression, angiogenesis, dendritic cell differentiation, and Ly6Chi monocyte polarization. Reconstitution of WT EOS and ILC2 but not Il5-/- ILC2 slows AAA growth in Rorafl/fl Il7rCre/+ mice by increasing systemic EOS. Besides regulating SMC pathobiology, ILC2 play an indirect role in AAA protection via the IL5 and EOS mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics InstituteGuangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou510080China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Department of GeriatricsNational Key Clinic SpecialtyGuangzhou First People's HospitalSchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510180China
| | - Wenqian Fang
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing LabInstitute of Cardiovascular SciencesSchool of Life ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Zhaojie Meng
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Galina K. Sukhova
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of CardiologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Andrew N. J. McKenzie
- Division of Protein & Nucleic Acid ChemistryMRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeCB2 0QHUK
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Guo‐Ping Shi
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Junli Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Chen W. Weight cycling based on altered immune microenvironment as a result of metaflammation. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:13. [PMID: 36814270 PMCID: PMC9945679 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the obesity epidemic, more people are concerned about losing weight; however, weight regain is common, leading to repeated weight loss and weight cycling. The health benefits of early weight loss are nullified by weight regain after weight cycling, which has much more severe metabolic consequences. Weight cycling alters body composition, resulting in faster fat recovery and slower muscle reconstruction. This evident fat accumulation, muscle loss, and ectopic fat deposition destroy the intestinal barrier, increase the permeability of the small intestinal epithelium, and cause the lipotoxicity of lipid metabolites and toxins to leak into extraintestinal tissues and circulation. It causes oxidative stress and hypoxia in local tissues and immune cell infiltration in various tissues, all contributing to the adaptation to this metabolic change. Immune cells transmit inflammatory responses in adipose and skeletal muscle tissue by secreting cytokines and adipokines, which mediate immune cell pathways and cause metaflammation and inefficient metabolic degradation. In this review, we focus on the regulatory function of the immunological microenvironment in the final metabolic outcome, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular processes of local and systemic metaflammation induced by weight cycling-induced changes in body composition. Metaflammation in adipose and muscle tissues that is difficult to relieve may cause weight cycling. As this chronic low-grade inflammation spreads throughout the body, metabolic complications associated with weight cycling are triggered. Inhibiting the onset and progression of metabolic inflammation and enhancing the immune microenvironment of adipose and muscle tissues may be the first step in addressing weight cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyang Li
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li B, Sun S, Li JJ, Yuan JP, Sun SR, Wu Q. Adipose tissue macrophages: implications for obesity-associated cancer. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:1. [PMID: 36593475 PMCID: PMC9809128 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious global health problems, with an incidence that increases yearly and coincides with the development of cancer. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are particularly important in this context and contribute to linking obesity-related inflammation and tumor progression. However, the functions of ATMs on the progression of obesity-associated cancer remain unclear. In this review, we describe the origins, phenotypes, and functions of ATMs. Subsequently, we summarize the potential mechanisms on the reprogramming of ATMs in the obesity-associated microenvironment, including the direct exchange of dysfunctional metabolites, inordinate cytokines and other signaling mediators, transfer of extracellular vesicle cargo, and variations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites. A better understanding of the properties and functions of ATMs under conditions of obesity will lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions for obesity-related cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abend Bardagi A, Dos Santos Paschoal C, Favero GG, Riccetto L, Alexandrino Dias ML, Guerra Junior G, Degasperi G. Leptin's Immune Action: A Review Beyond Satiety. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:117-133. [PMID: 36278927 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2129381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes adipokines such as leptin, which is one of the most important hormones for controlling satiety, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. This hormone acts in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses since immune cells have leptin receptors from which this hormone initiates its biological action. These receptors have been identified in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and mature immune cells, inducing signaling pathways mediated by JAK/STAT, PI3K, and ERK 1/2. It is known that the bone marrow also contains leptin-producing adipocytes, which are crucial for regulating hematopoiesis through largely unknown mechanisms. Therefore, we have reviewed the roles of leptin inside and outside the bone marrow, going beyond its action in the control of satiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Abend Bardagi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Dos Santos Paschoal
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Ganem Favero
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luisa Riccetto
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Luisa Alexandrino Dias
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra Junior
- Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Degasperi
- Center for Health Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou XY, Chen K, Zhang JA. Mast cells as important regulators in the development of psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1022986. [PMID: 36405690 PMCID: PMC9669610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1022986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune skin disease mediated by genetic and environmental factors. As a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, mast cells are involved in the initiation, development, and maintenance of psoriasis by interactions and communication with a variety of cells. The current review describes interactions of mast cells with T cells, Tregs, keratinocytes, adipocytes, and sensory neurons in psoriasis to emphasize the important role of mast cell-centered cell networks in psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jia-An Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang B, Wen W, Ye S. TSH-SPP1/TRβ-TSH positive feedback loop mediates fat deposition of hepatocyte: Crosstalk between thyroid and liver. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1009912. [PMID: 36300106 PMCID: PMC9589424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1009912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We conducted this study with two aims: (1) whether TRβ could be damaged by NAFLD, thereby represent thyroid hormone resistance-like manifestation and (2) to analyze the potential role of SPP1 in TH signaling pathway on the process of NAFLD. This study is expected to provide a new perspective on the therapeutic mechanism in the pathological course of NAFLD. Methods A total of 166 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in this study. All patients had a BMI above 24 kg/m2 and were stratified into two groups: NAFLD and Non-NAFLD groups. Ages, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes and biochemical markers were obtained from participants' records. We downloaded the dataset GSE48452 from GEO. The Pathview library was used to make the thyroid hormone signaling pathway visualization. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to calculate the infiltrated immune cells in obese NAFLD patients. C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected to constitute the normal control (NC) group and were fed a normal chow diet; the rest of the mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). After 12 weeks HFD feeding, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were collected. Mouse livers were also collected; one part of each liver was fixed in 10% formalin for histological analysis, and the other part was snap-frozen for subsequent molecular analyses. To explore the relationship between SPP1, TRβ and lipid deposition in hepatocytes, HepG2 cells were treated with 50 μ M concentration of PA and/or 20 ng/ml concentration of rh-SPP1 for 48h. In addition, the PC3.1-TRβ plasmid was constructed for further validation in HepG2 cells. We used THP-1 cells to construct an M1 macrophage model in vitro. We then analyzed THP-1 cells treated with various concentrations of PA or TSH. Results (1) After adjusting for all factors that appeared P value less than 0.1 in the univariate analysis, BMI, TSH, and FT3 were significant independent risk factors of NAFLD (ORs were 1.218, 1.694, and 2.259, respectively); (2) A further analysis with BMI stratification indiacted that both FT3 and TSH had a significant change between individuals with NAFLD and Non-NAFLD in obesity subgroup; however, there was no statistic difference in over-weight group; (3) Bioinformatics analysis of GSE48452 had shown that several key molecular (including TRβ) of thyroid hormone pathway affected by NAFLD induced transcriptomic changes and the expression levels of SPP1, FABP4 and RPS4Y1 were significantly higher, while the expression levels of PZP and VIL1 were significantly decreased in NAFLD patients(adjusted p < 0.05, |logFC| > 1.0). The CIBERSORT algorithm showed increased M0 and M1, decreased M2 macrophage infiltration in NAFLD with comparison to healthy obese group; (4) After 12 weeks of HFD-feeding, the obesity mice had significantly higher serum TSH and In IHC-stained liver sections of obesity group, the intensity of SPP1 had a significantly increased, while TRβ reduced; (5) In vitro studies have shown SPP1 aggravated lipid deposition in hepatic cells dependent on down-regulating the expression of TRβ and TSH acts to promote secretion of SPP1 in M1 macrophage cells. Conclusions SPP1 secretion induced by M1 macrophage polarization, which may down-regulates TRβ in hepatocytes via paracrine manner, on the one hand, the lipid deposition aggravating in liver, on the other hand, a compensatory increase of TSH in serum. The increased TSH can further lead to the following SPP1 secretion of M1 macrophage. The positive feedback crosstalk between thyroid and liver, may be plays an important role in maintaining and amplifying pathological process of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjie Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shandong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mao Y, Zhao K, Li P, Sheng Y. The emerging role of leptin in obesity-associated cardiac fibrosis: evidence and mechanism. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:991-1011. [PMID: 36214893 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, which is quite commonly found in obesity, and may contribute to the increased incidence of heart failure arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death in obese populations. As an endogenous regulator of adiposity metabolism, body mass, and energy balance, obesity, characterized by increased circulating levels of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin, is a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Although there are some gaps in our knowledge linking leptin and cardiac fibrosis, this review will focus on the interplay between leptin and major effectors involved in the pathogenesis underlying cardiac fibrosis at both cellular and molecular levels based on the current reports. The profibrotic effect of leptin is predominantly mediated by activated cardiac fibroblasts but may also involve cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and immune cells. Moreover, a series of molecular signals with a known profibrotic property is closely involved in leptin-induced fibrotic events. A more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which leptin contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis may open up a new avenue for the rapid emergence of a novel therapy for preventing or even reversing obesity-associated cardiac fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhui Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Interplay between fat cells and immune cells in bone: Impact on malignant progression and therapeutic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Buonaiuto R, Napolitano F, Parola S, De Placido P, Forestieri V, Pecoraro G, Servetto A, Formisano L, Formisano P, Giuliano M, Arpino G, De Placido S, De Angelis C. Insight on the Role of Leptin: A Bridge from Obesity to Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101394. [PMID: 36291602 PMCID: PMC9599120 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone, mainly known for its role as a mediator of adipose tissue endocrine functions, such as appetite control and energy homeostasis. In addition, leptin signaling is involved in several physiological processes as modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and regulation of sex hormone levels. When adipose tissue expands, an imbalance of adipokines secretion may occur and increasing leptin levels contribute to promoting a chronic inflammatory state, which is largely acknowledged as a hallmark of cancer. Indeed, upon binding its receptor (LEPR), leptin activates several oncogenic pathways, such as JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT, and seems to affect cancer immune response by inducing a proinflammatory immune polarization and eventually enhancing T-cell exhaustion. In particular, obesity-associated hyperleptinemia has been related to breast cancer risk development, although the underlying mechanism is yet to be completely clarified and needs to be deemed in light of multiple variables, such as menopausal state and immune response. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential role of leptin as a bridge between obesity and breast cancer and to establish the physio-pathological basis of the linkage between these major health concerns in order to identify appropriate and novel therapeutic strategies to adopt in daily clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buonaiuto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Parola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Forestieri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pecoraro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Servetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yao J, Wu D, Qiu Y. Adipose tissue macrophage in obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977485. [PMID: 36119080 PMCID: PMC9478335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) has been appreciated for its critical contribution to obesity-associated metabolic diseases in recent years. Here, we discuss the regulation of ATM on both metabolic homeostatsis and dysfunction. In particular, the macrophage polarization and recruitment as well as the crosstalk between ATM and adipocyte in thermogenesis, obesity, insulin resistance and adipose tissue fibrosis have been reviewed. A better understanding of how ATM regulates adipose tissue remodeling may provide novel therapeutic strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifu Qiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yifu Qiu,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yogurt-derived Lactobacillus plantarum Q16 alleviated high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
21
|
Takahashi M, Yamamuro D, Wakabayashi T, Takei A, Takei S, Nagashima S, Okazaki H, Ebihara K, Yagyu H, Takayanagi Y, Onaka T, Goldberg IJ, Ishibashi S. Loss of myeloid lipoprotein lipase exacerbates adipose tissue fibrosis with collagen VI deposition and hyperlipidemia in leptin-deficient obese mice. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102322. [PMID: 35926714 PMCID: PMC9440390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During obesity, tissue macrophages increase in number and become proinflammatory, thereby contributing to metabolic dysfunction. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which hydrolyzes triglyceride in lipoproteins, is secreted by macrophages. However, the role of macrophage-derived LPL in adipose tissue remodeling and lipoprotein metabolism is largely unknown. To clarify these issues, we crossed leptin-deficient Lepob/ob mice with mice lacking the Lpl gene in myeloid cells (Lplm−/m−) to generate Lplm−/m−;Lepob/ob mice. We found the weight of perigonadal white adipose tissue (WAT) was increased in Lplm−/m−;Lepob/ob mice compared with Lepob/ob mice due to substantial accumulation of both adipose tissue macrophages and collagen that surrounded necrotic adipocytes. In the fibrotic epidydimal WAT of Lplm−/m−;Lepob/ob mice, we observed an increase in collagen VI and high mobility group box 1, while α-smooth muscle cell actin, a marker of myofibroblasts, was almost undetectable, suggesting that the adipocytes were the major source of the collagens. Furthermore, the adipose tissue macrophages from Lplm−/m−;Lepob/ob mice showed increased expression of genes related to fibrosis and inflammation. In addition, we determined Lplm−/m−;Lepob/ob mice were more hypertriglyceridemic than Lepob/ob mice. Lplm−/m−;Lepob/ob mice also showed slower weight gain than Lepob/ob mice, which was primarily due to reduced food intake. In conclusion, we discovered that the loss of myeloid Lpl led to extensive fibrosis of perigonadal WAT and hypertriglyceridemia. In addition to illustrating an important role of macrophage LPL in regulation of circulating triglyceride levels, these data show that macrophage LPL protects against fibrosis in obese adipose tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Akihito Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shoko Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yuki Takayanagi
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- NYU-Langone Medical Center, 435 East 30(th) Street, SB617, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Monteiro LDB, Prodonoff JS, Favero de Aguiar C, Correa-da-Silva F, Castoldi A, Bakker NVT, Davanzo GG, Castelucci B, Pereira JADS, Curtis J, Büscher J, Reis LMD, Castro G, Ribeiro G, Virgílio-da-Silva JV, Adamoski D, Dias SMG, Consonni SR, Donato J, Pearce EJ, Câmara NOS, Moraes-Vieira PM. Leptin Signaling Suppression in Macrophages Improves Immunometabolic Outcomes in Obesity. Diabetes 2022; 71:1546-1561. [PMID: 35377454 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major concern for global health care systems. Systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue that functions by controlling food intake, leading to satiety. Leptin levels are increased in obesity. Here, we show that leptin enhances the effects of LPS in macrophages, intensifying the production of cytokines, glycolytic rates, and morphological and functional changes in the mitochondria through an mTORC2-dependent, mTORC1-independent mechanism. Leptin also boosts the effects of IL-4 in macrophages, leading to increased oxygen consumption, expression of macrophage markers associated with a tissue repair phenotype, and wound healing. In vivo, hyperleptinemia caused by diet-induced obesity increases the inflammatory response by macrophages. Deletion of leptin receptor and subsequently of leptin signaling in myeloid cells (ObR-/-) is sufficient to improve insulin resistance in obese mice and decrease systemic inflammation. Our results indicate that leptin acts as a systemic nutritional checkpoint to regulate macrophage fitness and contributes to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, specific interventions aimed at downstream modulators of leptin signaling may represent new therapeutic targets to treat obesity-induced systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauar de Brito Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira Prodonoff
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cristhiane Favero de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Felipe Correa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Laboratory Keizo Asami, Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Nikki van Teijlingen Bakker
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bianca Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Curtis
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jörg Büscher
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Larissa Menezes Dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - João Victor Virgílio-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Douglas Adamoski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sandra Martha Gomes Dias
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvio Roberto Consonni
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Epigenetics and Immunobiology, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute and Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro M Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Early and Strong Leptin Reduction Is Predictive for Long-Term Weight Loss during High-Protein, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement-A Subanalysis of the Randomised-Controlled ACOORH Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122537. [PMID: 35745267 PMCID: PMC9229506 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions including meal replacement are suitable for prevention and treatment of obesity and type-2-diabetes. Since leptin is involved in weight regulation, we hypothesised that a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention would reduce leptin levels more effectively than lifestyle intervention alone. In the international, multicentre, randomised-controlled ACOORH-trial (Almased-Concept-against-Overweight-and-Obesity-and-Related- Health-Risk), overweight or obese participants with metabolic syndrome criteria (n = 463) were randomised into two groups and received telemonitoring devices and nutritional advice. The intervention group additionally used a protein-rich, low-glycaemic meal replacement. Data were collected at baseline, after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. All datasets providing leptin data (n = 427) were included in this predefined subanalysis. Serum leptin levels significantly correlated with sex, body mass index, weight, and fat mass at baseline (p < 0.0001). Stronger leptin reduction has been observed in the intervention compared to the control group with the lowest levels after 1 month of intervention (estimated treatment difference −3.4 µg/L [1.4; 5.4] for females; −2.2 µg/L [1.2; 3.3] for males; p < 0.001 each) and was predictive for stronger reduction of body weight and fat mass (p < 0.001 each) over 12 months. Strongest weight loss was observed after 6 months (−5.9 ± 5.1 kg in females of the intervention group vs. −2.9 ± 4.9 kg in the control group (p < 0.0001); −6.8 ± 5.3 kg vs. −4.1 ± 4.4 kg (p = 0.003) in males) and in those participants with combined leptin and insulin decrease. A meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention effectively reduces leptin which is predictive for long-term weight loss.
Collapse
|
24
|
Li F, Yu R, Sun X, Chen X, Xu P, Huang Y, Huang S, Xue Y, Fu T, Liu J, Li Z. Autonomic nervous system receptor-mediated regulation of mast cell degranulation modulates the inflammation after corneal epithelial abrasion. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109065. [PMID: 35421396 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) regulate wound healing and are influenced by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, the underlying mechanisms affecting wound healing outcomes remain elusive. Here, we explored the specific role of the ANS by regulating MC degranulation following corneal epithelium abrasion. A mouse model of corneal abrasion was established by mechanically removing a 2-mm central epithelium. Wound closure, neutrophil infiltration, and transcription of injured corneas were investigated using whole-mount immunostaining, flow cytometry, and RNA-sequencing analysis, respectively. Inhibition of MC degranulation by the MC stabilizers cromolyn sodium and lodoxamide tromethamine increased the infiltration of neutrophils and delayed healing of abraded corneas. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling analysis showed that purified MCs from the limbus expressed adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. Pharmacological manipulation and sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine confirmed that sympathetic nervous system signaling inhibited MC degranulation after corneal abrasion, whereas parasympathetic nervous system signaling enhanced MC degranulation. We conclude that normal degranulation of MCs in the corneal limbus and crosstalk between the ANS and MCs are crucial for the appropriate control of inflammation and the repair progress of wounded corneas. This suggests a potential approach for improving defective corneal wound healing by the administration of clinically available autonomic activity-modulating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxun Yu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chen
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengyang Xu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijia Huang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuoya Huang
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Fu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijie Li
- International Ocular Surface Research Center, Institute of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Han Y, Huang Y, Gao P, Yang Q, Jia L, Zheng Y, Li W. Leptin Aggravates Periodontitis by Promoting M1 Polarization via NLRP3. J Dent Res 2022; 101:675-685. [PMID: 35050801 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211059418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by periodontal pocket formation, loss of attachment, and alveolar bone resorption. Both innate and adaptive immunity are involved in the pathogenesis of this oral chronic inflammatory disease. Accumulating evidence indicates a critical role of leptin in periodontal diseases. However, the mechanism by which leptin promotes periodontitis pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we observed an elevated expression of leptin in the serum of periodontitis mice compared to that in healthy controls. There was a higher extent of M1 phenotype macrophage infiltration in mice periodontitis samples than in healthy controls. A positive correlation was observed between the serum leptin levels and M1 macrophages. Treatment with leptin increased M1 macrophage polarization and decreased M2 macrophage polarization in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, leptin facilitated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1 phenotype macrophage polarization in RAW 264.7 cells. In bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) generated from leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice, M1 macrophage polarization was significantly attenuated after LPS stimulation compared to the healthy controls. With regards to the molecular mechanism, we found that leptin activated the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and promoted M1 polarization via the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro. In BMDMs generated from Nlrp3-/- mice, M1 macrophage polarization was significantly attenuated after synchronous stimulation with leptin and LPS compared with BMDMs produced by healthy controls. The NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 also prevented leptin-mediated M1 macrophage polarization in RAW 264.7 cells. Nlrp3-/- periodontitis models indicated that leptin aggravates the periodontal response to the ligature by promoting M1 macrophage polarization via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, we show that leptin promotes the progression of periodontitis via proinflammatory M1 macrophage skewing, and targeting leptin/NLRP3 signaling may be a feasible approach for treating periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - P Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - L Jia
- National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miller L, Berber E, Sumbria D, Rouse BT. Controlling the Burden of COVID-19 by Manipulating Host Metabolism. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:24-32. [PMID: 34905407 PMCID: PMC8863913 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to cause global health problems, but its impact would be minimized if the many effective vaccines that have been developed were available and in widespread use by all societies. This ideal situation is not occurring so other means of controlling COVID-19 are needed. In this short review, we make the case that manipulating host metabolic pathways could be a therapeutic approach worth exploring. The rationale for such an approach comes from the fact that viruses cause metabolic changes in cells they infect, effective host defense mechanisms against viruses requires the activity of one or more metabolic pathways, and that hosts with metabolic defects such as diabetes are more susceptible to severe consequences after COVID-19. We describe the types of approaches that could be used to redirect various aspects of host metabolism and the success that some of these maneuvers have had at controlling other virus infections. Manipulating metabolic activities to control the outcome of COVID-19 has to date received minimal attention. Manipulating host metabolism will never replace vaccines to control COVID-19 but could be used as an adjunct therapy to the extent of ongoing infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Logan Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Engin Berber
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Deepak Sumbria
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barry T. Rouse
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Altun I, Yan X, Ussar S. Immune Cell Regulation of White Adipose Progenitor Cell Fate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:859044. [PMID: 35422761 PMCID: PMC9001836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.859044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is essential for energy storage and endocrine regulation of metabolism. Imbalance in energy intake and expenditure result in obesity causing adipose tissue dysfunction. This alters cellular composition of the stromal cell populations and their function. Moreover, the individual cellular composition of each adipose tissue depot, regulated by environmental factors and genetics, determines the ability of the depots to expand and maintain its endocrine and storage function. Thus, stromal cells modulate adipocyte function and vice versa. In this mini-review we discuss heterogeneity in terms of composition and fate of adipose progenitor subtypes and their interactions with and regulation by different immune cell populations. Immune cells are the most diverse cell populations in adipose tissue and play essential roles in regulating adipose tissue function via interaction with adipocytes but also with adipocyte progenitors. We specifically discuss the role of macrophages, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells and T cells in the regulation of adipocyte progenitor proliferation, differentiation and lineage commitment. Understanding the factors and cellular interactions regulating preadipocyte expansion and fate decision will allow the identification of novel mechanisms and therapeutic strategies to promote healthy adipose tissue expansion without systemic metabolic impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irem Altun
- Research Group Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xiaocheng Yan
- Research Group Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- Research Group Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Siegfried Ussar,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dudzinski SO, Bader JE, Beckermann KE, Young KL, Hongo R, Madden MZ, Abraham A, Reinfeld BI, Ye X, MacIver NJ, Giorgio TD, Rathmell JC. Leptin Augments Antitumor Immunity in Obesity by Repolarizing Tumor-Associated Macrophages. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:3122-3130. [PMID: 34772698 PMCID: PMC9095767 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although obesity can promote cancer, it may also increase immunotherapy efficacy in what has been termed the obesity-immunotherapy paradox. Mechanisms of this effect are unclear, although obesity alters key inflammatory cytokines and can promote an inflammatory state that may modify tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-associated macrophage populations. To identify mechanisms by which obesity affects antitumor immunity, we examined changes in cell populations and the role of the proinflammatory adipokine leptin in immunotherapy. Single-cell RNAseq demonstrated that obesity decreased tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte frequencies, and flow cytometry confirmed altered macrophage phenotypes with lower expression of inducible NO synthase and MHC class II in tumors of obese animals. When treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) Abs, however, obese mice had a greater absolute decrease in tumor burden than lean mice and a repolarization of the macrophages to inflammatory M1-like phenotypes. Mechanistically, leptin is a proinflammatory adipokine that is induced in obesity and may mediate enhanced antitumor immunity in obesity. To directly test the effect of leptin on tumor growth and antitumor immunity, we treated lean mice with leptin and observed tumors over time. Treatment with leptin, acute or chronic, was sufficient to enhance antitumor efficacy similar to anti-PD-1 checkpoint therapy. Further, leptin and anti-PD-1 cotreatment may enhance antitumor effects consistent with an increase in M1-like tumor-associated macrophage frequency compared with non-leptin-treated mice. These data demonstrate that obesity has dual effects in cancer through promotion of tumor growth while simultaneously enhancing antitumor immunity through leptin-mediated macrophage reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jackie E Bader
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kathryn E Beckermann
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kirsten L Young
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rachel Hongo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Abin Abraham
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bradley I Reinfeld
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Todd D Giorgio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN;
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey C Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN;
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jha MK, Passero JV, Rawat A, Ament XH, Yang F, Vidensky S, Collins SL, Horton MR, Hoke A, Rutter GA, Latremoliere A, Rothstein JD, Morrison BM. Macrophage monocarboxylate transporter 1 promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e141964. [PMID: 34491913 DOI: 10.1172/jci141964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves have the capacity for regeneration, but the rate of regeneration is so slow that many nerve injuries lead to incomplete recovery and permanent disability for patients. Macrophages play a critical role in the peripheral nerve response to injury, contributing to both Wallerian degeneration and nerve regeneration, and their function has recently been shown to be dependent on intracellular metabolism. To date, the impact of their intracellular metabolism on peripheral nerve regeneration has not been studied. We examined conditional transgenic mice with selective ablation in macrophages of solute carrier family 16, member 1 (Slc16a1), which encodes monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), and found that MCT1 contributed to macrophage metabolism, phenotype, and function, specifically in regard to phagocytosis and peripheral nerve regeneration. Adoptive cell transfer of wild-type macrophages ameliorated the impaired nerve regeneration in macrophage-selective MCT1-null mice. We also developed a mouse model that overexpressed MCT1 in macrophages and found that peripheral nerves in these mice regenerated more rapidly than in control mice. Our study provides further evidence that MCT1 has an important biological role in macrophages and that manipulations of macrophage metabolism can enhance recovery from peripheral nerve injuries, for which there are currently no approved medical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samuel L Collins
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pereira S, Cline DL, Chan M, Chai K, Yoon JS, O'Dwyer SM, Ellis CE, Glavas MM, Webber TD, Baker RK, Erener S, Covey SD, Kieffer TJ. Role of myeloid cell leptin signaling in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18394. [PMID: 34526546 PMCID: PMC8443652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although innate immunity is linked to metabolic health, the effect of leptin signaling in cells from the innate immune system on glucose homeostasis has not been thoroughly investigated. We generated two mouse models using Cre-lox methodology to determine the effect of myeloid cell-specific leptin receptor (Lepr) reconstitution and Lepr knockdown on in vivo glucose metabolism. Male mice with myeloid cell-specific Lepr reconstitution (Lyz2Cre+LeprloxTB/loxTB) had better glycemic control as they aged compared to male mice with whole-body transcriptional blockade of Lepr (Lyz2Cre−LeprloxTB/loxTB). In contrast, Lyz2Cre+LeprloxTB/loxTB females only had a trend for diminished hyperglycemia after a prolonged fast. During glucose tolerance tests, Lyz2Cre+LeprloxTB/loxTB males had a mildly improved plasma glucose profile compared to Cre− controls while Lyz2Cre+LeprloxTB/loxTB females had a similar glucose excursion to their Cre− controls. Myeloid cell-specific Lepr knockdown (Lyz2Cre+Leprflox/flox) did not significantly alter body weight, blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, or glucose tolerance in males or females. Expression of the cytokine interleukin 10 (anti-inflammatory) tended to be higher in adipose tissue of male Lyz2Cre+LeprloxTB/loxTB mice (p = 0.0774) while interleukin 6 (pro-inflammatory) was lower in male Lyz2Cre+Leprflox/flox mice (p < 0.05) vs. their respective controls. In conclusion, reconstitution of Lepr in cells of myeloid lineage has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism in male mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pereira
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daemon L Cline
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Melissa Chan
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Kalin Chai
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ji Soo Yoon
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shannon M O'Dwyer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cara E Ellis
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Maria M Glavas
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Travis D Webber
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert K Baker
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Suheda Erener
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Scott D Covey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada. .,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 251-2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by tumor-like hyperplasia and inflammation of the synovium, which causes synovial cell invasion into the bone and cartilage. In RA pathogenesis, various molecules in effector cells (i.e., immune cells and mesenchymal cells) are dysregulated by genetic and environmental factors. Consistent with the early stages of RA, these pathogenic cells cooperate and activate each other directly by cell-to-cell contact or indirectly via humoral factors. Recently, growing evidence has revealed essential role of adipokines, which are multifunctional signal transduction molecules, in the immune system. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cross-talk between leptin, one of the most well-known and best-characterized adipokines, and osteoimmunology. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of leptin to the pathogenesis of RA and its potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tsuchiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu X, Shi GP, Guo J. Innate Immune Cells in Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659666. [PMID: 34368120 PMCID: PMC8343105 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload and heart failure are among the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory cell activation and release of inflammatory mediators are of vital importance during the pathogenesis of these cardiac diseases. Yet, the roles of innate immune cells and subsequent inflammatory events in these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we outline the possible underlying mechanisms of innate immune cell participation, including mast cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and natural killer T cells in these pathological processes. Although these cells accumulate in the atrium or ventricles at different time points after pressure overload, their cardioprotective or cardiodestructive activities differ from each other. Among them, mast cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells exert detrimental function in experimental models, whereas eosinophils and natural killer T cells display cardioprotective activities. Depending on their subsets, macrophages and monocytes may exacerbate cardiodysfunction or negatively regulate cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Pressure overload stimulates the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from innate immune cells and even resident cardiomyocytes that together assist innate immune cell infiltration into injured heart. These infiltrates are involved in pro-hypertrophic events and cardiac fibroblast activation. Immune regulation of cardiac innate immune cells becomes a promising therapeutic approach in experimental cardiac disease treatment, highlighting the significance of their clinical evaluation in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu F, Yu N, Peng J, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Xu X, Zhou J, Wang F. Emodin inhibits lipid accumulation and inflammation in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice by inducing M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21730. [PMID: 34110631 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100157rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) represent the most abundant leukocytes in adipose tissue (AT). An increase in number and a phenotypical switch of ATMs during the development of obesity contribute to chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders, which have been regarded as potential therapeutic targets to restore AT homeostasis. Emodin has been shown to exert strong anti-inflammatory property via acting on macrophages in a range of disease models. However, whether emodin exerts a beneficial effect on obesity via modulating ATMs has not been reported. In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, emodin significantly inhibited the increase of body weight and lipid accumulation in ATs. Emodin apparently reduced glucose and insulin levels and ameliorated serum lipid profiles in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, the local and systemic inflammation was dramatically alleviated by emodin. We next discovered that M2 macrophage percentage was greatly increased by emodin although total ATMs was not altered, which resulted in a net increase of M2 macrophages in AT. In vitro studies confirmed that emodin promoted the polarization of macrophages towards M2. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that myeloid leukocyte differentiation and activation were among the most significant biological processes in emodin-treated ATMs. We further identified that TREM2 was the most dramatically upregulated molecule by emodin and emodin-induced M2 macrophage polarization was dependent on TREM2. Furthermore, silencing TREM2 apparently abrogated the effect of emodin on AT inflammation and adipogenesis. We, for the first time, disclosed that emodin inhibited obesity by promoting M2 macrophage polarization via TREM2, suggesting that emodin may be explored as a clinical and translational candidate in preventing obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene & Department of Health Education and Health Management, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene & Department of Health Education and Health Management, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene & Department of Health Education and Health Management, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene & Department of Health Education and Health Management, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene & Department of Health Education and Health Management, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene & Department of Health Education and Health Management, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tang C, Kong L, Shan M, Lu Z, Lu Y. Protective and ameliorating effects of probiotics against diet-induced obesity: A review. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110490. [PMID: 34399486 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is one of the major public health concerns all over the world, and obesity also contributes to the development of other chronic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Evidence shows that the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-associated chronic diseases are closely related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, and oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, abnormal gut microbiome and chronic low-grade inflammation. Recently, in view of potential effects on lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and intestinal microbiome, as well as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, natural probiotics, including live and dead probiotics, and probiotic components and metabolites, have attracted increasing attention and are considered as novel strategies for preventing and ameliorating obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Specifically, this review is presented on the anti-obesity effects of probiotics and underlying molecular mechanisms, which will provide a theoretical basis of anti-obesity probiotics for the development of functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangyu Kong
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengyuan Shan
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Souza-Almeida G, Palhinha L, Liechocki S, da Silva Pereira JA, Reis PA, Dib PRB, Hottz ED, Gameiro J, Vallochi AL, de Almeida CJ, Castro-Faria-Neto H, Bozza PT, Maya-Monteiro CM. Peripheral leptin signaling persists in innate immune cells during diet-induced obesity. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 109:1131-1138. [PMID: 33070353 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ab0820-092rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a pleiotropic adipokine that regulates immunometabolism centrally and peripherally. Obese individuals present increased levels of leptin in the blood and develop hypothalamic resistance to this adipokine. Here we investigated whether leptin effects on the periphery are maintained despite the hypothalamic resistance. We previously reported that leptin injection induces in vivo neutrophil migration and peritoneal macrophage activation in lean mice through TNF-α- and CXCL1-dependent mechanisms. However, leptin effects on leukocyte biology during obesity remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the in vivo responsiveness of leukocytes to i.p. injected leptin in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). After 14-16 wk, high-sucrose, high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice showed hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, and dyslipidemia compared to normal-sucrose, normal-fat diet (ND). Exogenous leptin did not reduce food intake in DIO mice in contrast to control mice, indicating that DIO mice were centrally resistant to leptin. Regardless of the diet, we found increased levels of TNF-α and CXCL1 in the animals injected with leptin, alongside a pronounced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and enhanced biogenesis of lipid droplets in peritoneal macrophages. Supporting our in vivo results, data from ex vivo leptin stimulation experiments confirmed hypothalamic resistance in DIO mice, whereas bone marrow cells responded to leptin stimulation through mTOR signaling despite obesity. Altogether, our results show that leukocytes responded equally to leptin in ND- or HFD-fed mice. These results support a role for leptin in the innate immune response also in obesity, contributing to the inflammatory status that leads to the development of metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Souza-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Current address: Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sally Liechocki
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Alves Reis
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Ribeiro Braga Dib
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eugenio D Hottz
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunothrombosis, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacy Gameiro
- Laboratory of Immunology, Infectious Disease and Obesity, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lima Vallochi
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cecília Jacques de Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Menezes Maya-Monteiro
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kurosaka M, Ogura Y, Sato S, Kohda K, Funabashi T. Transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is an inhibitory factor for adult myogenesis. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:14. [PMID: 34051858 PMCID: PMC8164270 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) transcription factor plays a vitally important role in immune cells, where it is activated mainly by interleukin-4 (IL-4). Because IL-4 is an essential cytokine for myotube formation, STAT6 might also be involved in myogenesis as part of IL-4 signaling. This study was conducted to elucidate the role of STAT6 in adult myogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Methods Myoblasts were isolated from male mice and were differentiated on a culture dish to evaluate the change in STAT6 during myotube formation. Then, the effects of STAT6 overexpression and inhibition on proliferation, differentiation, and fusion in those cells were studied. Additionally, to elucidate the myogenic role of STAT6 in vivo, muscle regeneration after injury was evaluated in STAT6 knockout mice. Results IL-4 can increase STAT6 phosphorylation, but STAT6 phosphorylation decreased during myotube formation in culture. STAT6 overexpression decreased, but STAT6 knockdown increased the differentiation index and the fusion index. Results indicate that STAT6 inhibited myogenin protein expression. Results of in vivo experiments show that STAT6 knockout mice exhibited better regeneration than wild-type mice 5 days after cardiotoxin-induced injury. It is particularly interesting that results obtained using cells from STAT6 knockout mice suggest that this STAT6 inhibitory action for myogenesis was not mediated by IL-4 but might instead be associated with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. However, STAT6 was not involved in the proliferation of myogenic cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Results suggest that STAT6 functions as an inhibitor of adult myogenesis. Moreover, results suggest that the IL-4-STAT6 signaling axis is unlikely to be responsible for myotube formation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13395-021-00271-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kurosaka
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Sato
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA.,New Iberia Research Center, The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, USA
| | - Kazuhisa Kohda
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiya Funabashi
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Michailidou Z, Gomez-Salazar M, Alexaki VI. Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:4-30. [PMID: 33849008 DOI: 10.1159/000515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kulkarni A, Bowers LW. The role of immune dysfunction in obesity-associated cancer risk, progression, and metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3423-3442. [PMID: 33464384 PMCID: PMC11073382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of and a worse prognosis for several types of cancer. A number of interrelated mediators contribute to obesity's pro-tumor effects, including chronic adipose inflammation and other perturbations of immune cell development and function. Here, we review studies examining the impact of obesity-induced immune dysfunction on cancer risk and progression. While the role of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity-associated cancer risk has been well characterized, the effects of obesity on immune cell infiltration and activity within the tumor microenvironment are not well studied. In this review, we aim to highlight the impact of both adipose-mediated inflammatory signaling and intratumoral immunosuppressive signaling in obesity-induced cancer risk, progression, and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Kulkarni
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guglielmi V, Colangeli L, D’Adamo M, Sbraccia P. Susceptibility and Severity of Viral Infections in Obesity: Lessons from Influenza to COVID-19. Does Leptin Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063183. [PMID: 33804765 PMCID: PMC8003928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic Sars-CoV2 infection and studies on previous influenza epidemic have drawn attention to the association between the obesity and infectious diseases susceptibility and worse outcome. Metabolic complications, nutritional aspects, physical inactivity, and a chronic unbalance in the hormonal and adipocytokine microenvironment are major determinants in the severity of viral infections in obesity. By these pleiotropic mechanisms obesity impairs immune surveillance and the higher leptin concentrations produced by adipose tissue and that characterize obesity substantially contribute to such immune response dysregulation. Indeed, leptin not only controls energy balance and body weight, but also plays a regulatory role in the interplay between energy metabolism and immune system. Since leptin receptor is expressed throughout the immune system, leptin may exert effects on cells of both innate and adaptive immune system. Chronic inflammatory states due to metabolic (i.e., obesity) as well as infectious diseases increase leptin concentrations and consequently lead to leptin resistance further fueling inflammation. Multiple factors, including inflammation and ER stress, contribute to leptin resistance. Thus, if leptin is recognized as one of the adipokines responsible for the low grade inflammation found in obesity, on the other hand, impairments of leptin signaling due to leptin resistance appear to blunt the immunologic effects of leptin and possibly contribute to impaired vaccine-induced immune responses. However, many aspects concerning leptin interactions with inflammation and immune system as well as the therapeutical approaches to overcome leptin resistance and reduced vaccine effectiveness in obesity remain a challenge for future research.
Collapse
|
41
|
Sharma JR, Yadav UCS. COVID-19 severity in obese patients: Potential mechanisms and molecular targets for clinical intervention. Obes Res Clin Pract 2021; 15:163-171. [PMID: 33509701 PMCID: PMC7816622 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, millions of people have been affected leading to the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic by the WHO. Several studies have linked the severity of COVID-19 cases and increased fatality in patients with obesity and other comorbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and kidney disease. Obesity, a metabolically deranged condition, establishes a low-grade chronic inflammation in the body, which affects different organs and promotes the development of several other diseases. The ways in which SARS-CoV-2 infection aggravates the already overloaded body organs with inflammation or vice versa has perplexed the researchers. As a result, there is an intensified search for the clear-cut mechanism to understand the link of obesity with the increased severity of COVID-19 in obese patients. In this article we have discussed various mechanisms linking obesity, inflammation, and COVID-19 to enhance the understanding of the disease process and help the clinicians and scientists develop potential cellular, molecular and metabolic targets for clinical intervention and management of COVID-19 severity in obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiten R Sharma
- Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Pathologies Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector 30, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382030, India
| | - Umesh C S Yadav
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Cordero-Barreal A, González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Eldjoudi DA, AbdElHafez YRF, Lago F, Conde J, Gómez R, González-Gay MA, Mobasheri A, Pino J, Gualillo O. An Update on the Role of Leptin in the Immuno-Metabolism of Cartilage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052411. [PMID: 33673730 PMCID: PMC7957536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1994, leptin has been considered as an adipokine with pleiotropic effects. In this review, we summarize the actual information about the impact of this hormone on cartilage metabolism and pathology. Leptin signalling depends on the interaction with leptin receptor LEPR, being the long isoform of the receptor (LEPRb) the one with more efficient intracellular signalling. Chondrocytes express the long isoform of the leptin receptor and in these cells, leptin signalling, alone or in combination with other molecules, induces the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules and cartilage degenerative enzymes. Leptin has been shown to increase the proliferation and activation of immune cells, increasing the severity of immune degenerative cartilage diseases. Leptin expression in serum and synovial fluid are related to degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Inhibition of leptin signalling showed to have protective effects in these diseases showing the key role of leptin in cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Yousof Ramadan Farrag AbdElHafez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
| | - Francisca Lago
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Javier Conde
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The Muscle-Skeletal Pathology Group, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel González-Gay
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FIN-90230 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute, Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Departments of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (D.A.E.); (Y.R.F.A.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.); (O.G.); Tel./Fax: +34-981950905 (O.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kiernan K, MacIver NJ. The Role of the Adipokine Leptin in Immune Cell Function in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622468. [PMID: 33584724 PMCID: PMC7878386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a critical mediator of the immune response to changes in overall nutrition. Leptin is produced by adipocytes in proportion to adipose tissue mass and is therefore increased in obesity. Despite having a well-described role in regulating systemic metabolism and appetite, leptin displays pleiotropic actions, and it is now clear that leptin has a key role in influencing immune cell function. Indeed, many immune cells have been shown to respond to leptin directly via the leptin receptor, resulting in a largely pro-inflammatory phenotype. Understanding the role of adipose-tissue derived mediators in inflammation is critical to determining the pathophysiology of multiple obesity-associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, autoimmune disease, and infection. This review, therefore, focuses on the latest data regarding the role of leptin in modulating inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J. MacIver
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu C, Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang C, Luo S, Liu T, Wang Y, Lindholt JS, Diederichsen A, Rasmussen LM, Dahl M, Sukhova GK, Lu G, Upchurch GR, Libby P, Guo J, Zhang J, Shi GP. Eosinophils Protect Mice From Angiotensin-II Perfusion-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Circ Res 2021; 128:188-202. [PMID: 33153394 PMCID: PMC7855167 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Blood eosinophil count and ECP (eosinophil cationic protein) associate with human cardiovascular diseases. Yet, whether eosinophils play a role in cardiovascular disease remains untested. The current study detected eosinophil accumulation in human and murine abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions, suggesting eosinophil participation in this aortic disease. OBJECTIVE To test whether and how eosinophils affect AAA growth. METHODS AND RESULTS Population-based randomized clinically controlled screening trials revealed higher blood eosinophil count in 579 male patients with AAA than in 5063 non-AAA control (0.236±0.182 versus 0.211±0.154, 109/L, P<0.001). Univariate (odds ratio, 1.381, P<0.001) and multivariate (odds ratio, 1.237, P=0.031) logistic regression analyses indicated that increased blood eosinophil count in patients with AAA served as an independent risk factor of human AAA. Immunostaining and immunoblot analyses detected eosinophil accumulation and eosinophil cationic protein expression in human and murine AAA lesions. Results showed that eosinophil deficiency exacerbated AAA growth with increased lesion inflammatory cell contents, matrix-degrading protease activity, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell loss using angiotensin-II perfusion-induced AAA in Apoe-/- and eosinophil-deficient Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Eosinophil deficiency increased lesion chemokine expression, muted lesion expression of IL (interleukin) 4 and eosinophil-associated-ribonuclease-1 (mEar1 [mouse EOS-associated-ribonuclease-1], human ECP homolog), and slanted M1 macrophage polarization. In cultured macrophages and monocytes, eosinophil-derived IL4 and mEar1 polarized M2 macrophages, suppressed CD11b+Ly6Chi monocytes, and increased CD11b+Ly6Clo monocytes. mEar1 treatment or adoptive transfer of eosinophil from wild-type and Il13-/- mice, but not eosinophil from Il4-/- mice, blocked AAA growth in Apoe-/-ΔdblGATA mice. Immunofluorescent staining and immunoblot analyses demonstrated a role for eosinophil IL4 and mEar1 in blocking NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB) activation in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophils play a protective role in AAA by releasing IL4 and cationic proteins such as mEar1 to regulate macrophage and monocyte polarization and to block NF-κB activation in aortic inflammatory and vascular cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Aged
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/prevention & control
- Cells, Cultured
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Eosinophils/transplantation
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Monocytes/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Songyuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jes S. Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars M. Rasmussen
- Elitary Research Centre of personalised medicine in arterial disease (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marie Dahl
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Viborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Galina K. Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hwang J, Yoo JA, Yoon H, Han T, Yoon J, An S, Cho JY, Lee J. The Role of Leptin in the Association between Obesity and Psoriasis. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:11-21. [PMID: 32690821 PMCID: PMC7771847 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue secretes many adipokines which contribute to various metabolic processes, such as blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, inflammation and angiogenesis. The biology of adipose tissue in an obese individual is abnormally altered in a manner that increases the body’s vulnerability to immune diseases, such as psoriasis. Psoriasis is considered a chronic inflammatory skin disease which is closely associated with being overweight and obese. Additionally, secretion of leptin, a type of adipokine, increases dependently on adipose cell size and adipose accumulation. Likewise, high leptin levels also aggravate obesity via development of leptin resistance, suggesting that leptin and obesity are closely related. Leptin induction in psoriatic patients is mainly driven by the interleukin (IL)-23/helper T (Th) 17 axis pathway. Furthermore, leptin can have an effect on various types of immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells. Here, we discuss the relationship between obesity and leptin expression as well as the linkage between effect of leptin on immune cells and psoriasis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ah Yoo
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology & Biocosmetics Research Center, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungkee Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongchan Yoon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoljun An
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology & Biocosmetics Research Center, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Eosinophils improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6396. [PMID: 33328477 PMCID: PMC7745020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies reveal changes in blood eosinophil counts and eosinophil cationic proteins that may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here we report an increase of blood or heart eosinophil counts in humans and mice after myocardial infarction (MI), mostly in the infarct region. Genetic or inducible depletion of eosinophils exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, cell death, and fibrosis post-MI, with concurrent acute increase of heart and chronic increase of splenic neutrophils and monocytes. Mechanistic studies reveal roles of eosinophil IL4 and cationic protein mEar1 in blocking H2O2- and hypoxia-induced mouse and human cardiomyocyte death, TGF-β-induced cardiac fibroblast Smad2/3 activation, and TNF-α-induced neutrophil adhesion on the heart endothelial cell monolayer. In vitro-cultured eosinophils from WT mice or recombinant mEar1 protein, but not eosinophils from IL4-deficient mice, effectively correct exacerbated cardiac dysfunctions in eosinophil-deficient ∆dblGATA mice. This study establishes a cardioprotective role of eosinophils in post-MI hearts. Blood eosinophil (EOS) counts may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here the authors show that increased circulating and myocardial EOS after myocardial infarction play a cardioprotective role by reducing cardiomyocyte death, cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis, and endothelium activation-mediated inflammatory cell accumulation.
Collapse
|
47
|
Dong J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Jayaswal N, Mezghani I, Zhang W, Veves A. Mast Cells in Diabetes and Diabetic Wound Healing. Adv Ther 2020; 37:4519-4537. [PMID: 32935286 PMCID: PMC7547971 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-020-01499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are granulated, immune cells of the myeloid lineage that are present in connective tissues. Apart from their classical role in allergies, MCs also mediate various inflammatory responses due to the nature of their secretory products. They are involved in important physiological and pathophysiological responses related to inflammation, chronic wounds, and autoimmune diseases. There are also indications that MCs are associated with diabetes and its complications. MCs and MC-derived mediators participate in all wound healing stages and are involved in the pathogenesis of non-healing, chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). More specifically, recent work has shown increased degranulation of skin MCs in human diabetes and diabetic mice, which is associated with impaired wound healing. Furthermore, MC stabilization, either systemic or local at the skin level, improves wound healing in diabetic mice. Understanding the precise role of MCs in wound progression and healing processes can be of critical importance as it can lead to the development of new targeted therapies for diabetic foot ulceration, one of the most devastating complications of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dong
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lihong Chen
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Navin Jayaswal
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ikram Mezghani
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- LanZhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Kusowska A, Kozłowska E. The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13055. [PMID: 32638520 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are predominantly known to play a vital role in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, evidence supporting the concept of their extensive involvement in immune system defence mechanisms and inflammatory processes continues to grow. Some of the adipokines, that is, leptin and resistin, have been recognized to exhibit mainly pro-inflammatory properties, whereas others such as visfatin, chemerin, apelin and vaspin have been found to exert regulatory effects. In contrast, adiponectin or omentin are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, adipokines influence the activity of various cells engaged in innate immune response and inflammatory processes mainly by affecting adhesion molecule expression, chemotaxis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, as well as mediators production and release. However, much less is known about the role of adipokines in processes involving lymphoid lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of different adipokines in the lymphopoiesis, recirculation, differentiation and polarization of lymphoid lineage cells. It also provides insight into the influence of selected adipokines on the activity of those cells in tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu M, Ma M, Tan Z, Zheng H, Liu X. Neutrophil: A New Player in Metastatic Cancers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565165. [PMID: 33101283 PMCID: PMC7546851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between cancer cells and immune cells is important for the cancer development. However, much attention has been given to T cells and macrophages. Being the most abundant leukocytes in the blood, the functions of neutrophils in cancer have been underdetermined. They have long been considered an “audience” in the development of cancer. However, emerging evidence indicate that neutrophils are a heterogeneous population with plasticity, and subpopulation of neutrophils (such as low density neutrophils, polymorphonuclear-myeloid-derived suppressor cells) are actively involved in cancer growth and metastasis. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of neutrophils in cancer development, with a specific focus on their pro-metastatic functions. We also discuss the potential and challenges of neutrophils as therapeutic targets. A better understanding the role of neutrophils in cancer will discover new mechanisms of metastasis and develop new immunotherapies by targeting neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mutian Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenya Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhou B, Dong C, Zhao B, Su X, Luo Y, Xie L, Tian Y, Zhang R, Yang L. (E X-4) 2-Fc, an effective long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, reduces obesity-related inflammation by inhibiting leptin expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:562-568. [PMID: 32736674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been recognized as a low-grade, chronic inflammatory disease that leads to an increase in obesity-associated disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), fatty liver diseases and cancer. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an effective drug for T2D, and it not only has glucose-regulating effects but also has anti-inflammatory effects in obesity. In our previous study, we designed a novel GLP-1 analogue, (EX-4)2-Fc, which has been shown to reduce body weight and improve glucose tolerance in vivo. In this study, we observed that (EX-4)2-Fc also has anti-inflammatory functions in adipose tissue. After the treatment of diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice with (EX-4)2-Fc, we found that the inflammatory response in adipose tissue was significantly attenuated. (Ex-4)2-Fc can reduce obesity-associated proinflammatory cytokine levels and macrophage numbers in DIO mice. In addition, (EX-4)2-Fc treatment resulted in proinflammatory M1-type macrophages beginning to transform into anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages. The inflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were altered in adipose tissue after (EX-4)2-Fc treatment. Leptin has been proven to be closely related to immunity, and we demonstrated that the effect of (EX-4)2-Fc on adipocyte inflammation was related to leptin. The data suggested that (EX-4)2-Fc could modulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of leptin in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Binyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|