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Du H, Cui L, Zhao X, Yu Z, He T, Zhang B, Fan X, Zhao M, Zhu R, Zhang Z, Li M, Li J, Oh Y, Gu N. Butylparaben induces glycolipid metabolic disorders in mice via disruption of gut microbiota and FXR signaling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134821. [PMID: 38850927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Butylparaben, a common preservative, is widely used in food, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Epidemiological studies have revealed the close relationship between butylparaben and diabetes; however the mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we administered butylparaben orally to mice and observed that exposure to butylparaben induced glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia. RNA sequencing results demonstrated that the enrichment of differentially expressed genes was associated with lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and inflammatory response. Western blot results further validated that butylparaben promoted hepatic lipogenesis, inflammation, gluconeogenesis, and insulin resistance through the inhibition of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway. The FXR agonists alleviated the butylparaben-induced metabolic disorders. Moreover, 16 S rRNA sequencing showed that butylparaben reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, S24-7, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus, and elevated the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by butylparaben led to decreased bile acids (BAs) production and increased inflammatory response, which further induced hepatic glycolipid metabolic disorders. Our results also demonstrated that probiotics attenuated butylparaben-induced disturbances of the gut microbiota and hepatic metabolism. Taken collectively, the findings reveal that butylparaben induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and decreased BAs production, which further inhibited FXR signaling, ultimately contributing to glycolipid metabolic disorders in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Du
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lili Cui
- Key Laboratory of External Drug Delivery System and Preparation Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 650500, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziteng Yu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tianyue He
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xingpei Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meimei Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ruijiao Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengcong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuri Oh
- Faculty of Education, Wakayama University, Wakayama 640-8441, Japan
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; School of Chinese Material Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
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Foster C, Gagnon CA, Ashraf AP. Altered lipid metabolism and the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:200-207. [PMID: 38484227 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW An increasing amount of research has underscored the significant role of lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This comprehensive review examines the intricate relationship between lipoprotein abnormalities and the development of MAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Atherogenic dyslipidemia seen in insulin resistance states play a significant role in initiating and exacerbating hepatic lipid accumulation. There are also specific genetic factors ( PNPLA3 , TM6SF2 , MBOAT7 , HSD17B13 , GCKR- P446L) and transcription factors (SREBP-2, FXR, and LXR9) that increase susceptibility to both lipoprotein disorders and MAFLD. Most monogenic primary lipid disorders do not cause hepatic steatosis unless accompanied by metabolic stress. Hepatic steatosis occurs in the presence of secondary systemic metabolic stress in conjunction with predisposing environmental factors that lead to insulin resistance. Identifying specific aberrant lipoprotein metabolic factors promoting hepatic fat accumulation and subsequently exacerbating steatohepatitis will shed light on potential targets for therapeutic interventions. SUMMARY The clinical implications of interconnection between genetic factors and an insulin resistant environment that predisposes MAFLD is many fold. Potential therapeutic strategies in preventing or mitigating MAFLD progression include lifestyle modifications, pharmacological interventions, and emerging therapies targeting aberrant lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Foster
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Charles A Gagnon
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Marnix E. Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ambika P Ashraf
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Liu Z, Chen L, Chen M, Linghu L, Liao Z, Chen M, Wang G. Sarmentol H derived from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge directly targets FXR to mitigate cholestasis by recruiting SRC-1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155759. [PMID: 38788394 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a vital receptor for bile acids and plays an important role in the treatment of cholestatic liver disease. In addition to traditional bile acid-based steroidal agonists, synthetic alkaloids are the most commonly reported non-steroidal FXR agonists. Sarmentol H is a nor-sesquiterpenoid obtained from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, and in vitro screening experiments have shown that it might be related to the regulation of the FXR pathway in a previous study. PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effects of sarmentol H on cholestasis and to determine whether sarmentol H directly targets FXR to mitigate cholestasis. Furthermore, this study aimed to explore the key amino acid residues involved in the binding of sarmentol H to FXR through site-directed mutagenesis. METHODS An intrahepatic cholestasis mouse model was established to investigate the therapeutic effects of sarmentol H on cholestasis. In vitro experiments, including Co-Ip and FXR-EcRE-Luc assays, were performed to assess whether sarmentol H activates FXR by recruiting the receptor coactivator SRC1. CETSA, SIP, DARTS, and ITC were used to determine the binding of sarmentol H to FXR protein. The key amino acid residues for sarmentol H binding to FXR were analyzed by molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis. Finally, we conducted in vivo experiments on wild-type and Fxr-/- mice to further validate the anticholestatic target of sarmentol H. RESULTS Sarmentol H had significant ameliorative effects on the pathological conditions of cholestatic mice induced with ANIT. In vitro experiments suggested that it is capable of activating FXR and regulating downstream signaling pathways by recruiting SRC1. The target validation experiments showed that sarmentol H had the ability to bind to FXR as a ligand (KD = 2.55 μmol/L) and enhance the stability of its spatial structure. Moreover, site-directed mutagenesis revealed that THR292 and TYR365 were key binding sites for sarmentol H and FXR. Furthermore, knockout of the Fxr gene resulted in a significantly higher degree of ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury than that in wild-type cholestatic mice, and the amelioration of cholestasis or regulatory effects on FXR downstream genes by sarmentol H also disappeared in Fxr-/- cholestatic mice. CONCLUSION Sarmentol H is an FXR agonist. This is the first study to show that it exerts a significant therapeutic effect on cholestatic mice, and can directly bind to FXR and activate it by recruiting the coactivator SRC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyun Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lang Linghu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guowei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Zhang X, Li Z, Hu R, Liu X, Yang W, Wu Y, Zhang L, Zeng X, Chen R, Liu C, Sun Q. Exposure memory and susceptibility to ambient PM 2.5: A perspective from hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116589. [PMID: 38878334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Both epidemiological and experimental studies increasingly show that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is related to the occurrence and development of chronic diseases, such as metabolic diseases. However, whether PM2.5 has "exposure memory" and how these memories affect chronic disease development like hepatic metabolic homeostasis are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of exposure transition on liver cholesterol and bile acids (BAs) metabolism in mice. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 or filtered air (FA) in a whole-body exposure facility for an initial period of 10 weeks, followed by another 8 weeks of exposure switch (PM2.5 to FA and FA to PM2.5) comparing to non-switch groups (FA to FA and PM2.5 to PM2.5), which were finally divided into four groups (FF of FA to FA, PP of PM2.5 to PM2.5, PF of PM2.5 to FA, and FP of FA to PM2.5). Our results showed no significant difference in food intake, body composition, glucose homeostasis, and lipid metabolism between FA and PM2.5 groups after the initial exposure before the exposure switch. At the end of the exposure switch, the mice switched from FA to PM2.5 exposure exhibited a high sensitivity to late-onset PM2.5 exposure, as indicated by significantly elevated hepatic cholesterol levels and disturbed BAs metabolism. However, the mice switched from PM2.5 to FA exposure retained a certain memorial effects of previous PM2.5 exposure in hepatic cholesterol levels, cholesterol metabolism, and BAs metabolism. Furthermore, 18-week PM2.5 exposure significantly increased hepatic free BAs levels, which were completely reversed by the FA exposure switch. Finally, the changes in small heterodimeric partner (SHP) and nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 2 (LRH1) in response to exposure switch mechanistically explained the above alterations. Therefore, mice switching from PM2.5 exposure to FA showed only a weak memory of prior PM2.5 exposure. In contrast, the early FA caused mice to be more susceptible to subsequent PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjia Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixin Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renjie Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Long J, Xu Y, Zhang X, Wu B, Wang C. Role of FXR in the development of NAFLD and intervention strategies of small molecules. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 757:110024. [PMID: 38703803 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a prevailing etiological agent behind hepatocyte diseases like chronic liver disease. The spectrum of processes involved in NAFLD stages includes hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Without intervention, the progression of NASH can further deteriorate into cirrhosis and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. The cardinal features that characterize NAFLD are insulin resistance, lipogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition and fibrosis. Due to its complex pathogenesis, existing pharmaceutical agents fail to take a curative or ameliorative effect on NAFLD. Consequently, it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies for NAFLD, ideally to improve the aforementioned key features in patients. As an enterohepatic regulator of bile acid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, FarnesoidX receptor (FXR) is an important pharmacological target for the treatment of NAFLD. Manipulating FXR to regulate lipid metabolic signaling pathways is a potential mechanism to mitigate NAFLD. Therefore, elucidating the modulatory character of FXR in regulating lipid metabolism in NAFLD has the potential to yield groundbreaking perspectives for drug design. This review details recent advances in the regulation of lipid depletion in hepatocytes and investigates the pivotal function of FXR in the progress of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuerong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Zhang Z, Yang Q, Jin M, Wang J, Chai Y, Zhang L, Jiang Z, Yu Q. Tamoxifen upregulates the peroxisomal β-oxidation enzyme Enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 172:106585. [PMID: 38734232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor modulator that has been reported to alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation in mice, but the mechanism is still unclear. Peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation is the main metabolic pathway for the overload of long-chain fatty acids. As long-chain fatty acids are a cause of hepatic lipid accumulation, the activation of peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation might be a novel therapeutic strategy for metabolic associated fatty liver disease. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of tamoxifen against hepatic lipid accumulation based on the activation of peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation. Tamoxifen reduced liver long-chain fatty acids and relieved hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet mice without sex difference. In vitro, tamoxifen protected primary hepatocytes against palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, the RNA-sequence of hepatocytes isolated from the liver revealed that peroxisome fatty acid β-oxidation was activated by tamoxifen. Protein and mRNA expression of enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase were significantly increased in vivo and in vitro. Small interfering RNA enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase in primary hepatocytes abolished the therapeutic effects of tamoxifen in lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our results indicated that tamoxifen could relieve hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet mice based on the activation of enoyl CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA hydratase-mediated peroxisome fatty acids β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Zhang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinqin Yang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ming Jin
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Luyong Zhang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qinwei Yu
- New Drug Screening and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation Center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Li XJ, Fang C, Zhao RH, Zou L, Miao H, Zhao YY. Bile acid metabolism in health and ageing-related diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116313. [PMID: 38788963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have surpassed their traditional roles as lipid solubilizers and regulators of BA homeostasis to emerge as important signalling molecules. Recent research has revealed a connection between microbial dysbiosis and metabolism disruption of BAs, which in turn impacts ageing-related diseases. The human BAs pool is primarily composed of primary BAs and their conjugates, with a smaller proportion consisting of secondary BAs. These different BAs exert complex effects on health and ageing-related diseases through several key nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects are still debated. Therefore, the modulation of signalling pathways by regulating synthesis and composition of BAs represents an interesting and novel direction for potential therapies of ageing-related diseases. This review provides an overview of synthesis and transportion of BAs in the healthy body, emphasizing its dependence on microbial community metabolic capacity. Additionally, the review also explores how ageing and ageing-related diseases affect metabolism and composition of BAs. Understanding BA metabolism network and the impact of their nuclear receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor and G protein-coupled receptor 5 agonists, paves the way for developing therapeutic agents for targeting BA metabolism in various ageing-related diseases, such as metabolic disorder, hepatic injury, cardiovascular disease, renal damage and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; Southern Medical University Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, No.13, Shi Liu Gang Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Chu Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Rui-Hua Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China; National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, China.
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Yang L, Wang F, Liu S, Xian Z, Yang S, Xu Y, Shu L, Yan X, He J, Li X, Peng C, Bi C, Yuan Y, Chen S, Han L, Yang R, Li Y. Unique metabolomics characteristics for distinguishing cirrhosis related to different liver diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103068. [PMID: 38959546 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Clinical evidence for early identification and diagnosis of liver cirrhosis (LC) caused by different types of liver disease is limited. We investigated this topic through a meta-analysis of quantitative metabolomics. METHODS Four databases were searched until October 31, 2022 for studies comparing metabolite levels between patients with different types of liver disease and control individuals. A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis. RESULTS This study included 55 studies with 8266 clinical participants, covering 348 metabolites. In LC related to drug-induced liver injury (DILI), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the primary bile acid biosynthesis (taurocholic acid: SMD, 1.08[0.81, 1.35]; P < 0.00001; glycocholic acid: SMD, 1.35[1.07, 1.62]; P < 0.00001; taurochenodeoxycholic acid: SMD, 1.36[0.94, 1.78]; P < 0.00001; glycochenodeoxycholic acid: SMD, 1.49[0.93, 2.06]; P < 0.00001), proline and arginine (l-proline: SMD, 1.06[0.53, 1.58]; P < 0.0001; hydroxyproline: SMD, 0.81[0.30, 1.33]; P = 0.002), and fatty acid biosynthesis (palmitic acid: SMD, 0.44[0.21, 0.67]; P = 0.0002; oleic acid: SMD, 0.46[0.19, 0.73]; P = 0.0008; stearic acid: SMD, 0.37[0.07, 0.68]; P = 0.02) metabolic pathways were significantly altered. CONCLUSION We identified key biomarkers and metabolic characteristics for distinguishing and identifying LC related to different types of liver disease, providing a new perspective for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and precise treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zicheng Xian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shenshen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lexin Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xingxu Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Junjie He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chenghao Bi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Liwen Han
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Public Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Liu C, Cai T, Cheng Y, Bai J, Li M, Gu B, Huang M, Fu W. Postbiotics Prepared Using Lactobacillus reuteri Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the FXR/SHP/SREBP-1c Axis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2300927. [PMID: 38937862 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE While probiotics-based therapies have exhibited potential in alleviating alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), the specific role of postbiotics derived from Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) in ALD remains elusive. This study aims to investigate the impact of postbiotics on ameliorating alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Using network pharmacology, the study elucidates the targets and pathways impacted by postbiotics from L. reuteri, identifying the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) as a promising target for postbiotics against ALD, and lipid metabolism and alcoholism act as crucial pathways associated with postbiotics-targeting ALD. Furthermore, the study conducts histological and biochemical analyses coupled with LC/MS to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of postbiotics against ALD. Postbiotics may modulate bile acid metabolism in vivo by regulating FXR signaling, activating the FXR/FGF15 pathway, and influencing the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs). Subsequently, postbiotics regulate hepatic FXR activated by BAs and modulate the expression of FXR-mediated protein, including short regulatory partner (SHP) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), thereby ameliorating hepatic steatosis in mice with ALD. CONCLUSION Postbiotics effectively alleviate ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis by regulating the FXR/SHP/SREBP-1c axis, as rigorously validated in both in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Tianying Cai
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, China
| | - Yonglang Cheng
- Department of General Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Junjie Bai
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Mo Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Boyuan Gu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Wenguang Fu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Metabolic Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Department of General Surgery (Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery), The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, sichuan, 646000, China
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10
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Duan W, Liu F, Ren Y, Zhang X, Shi JS, Xue Y, Xu ZH, Geng Y. Differences in the Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria To Prevent Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury via the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid-Liver Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38918075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics can regulate gut microbiota and protect against acute alcohol-induced liver injury through the gut-liver axis. However, efficacy is strain-dependent, and their mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E10 (E10), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum M (M), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG (LGG), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JN-1 (JN-1), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JN-8 (JN-8), on the prevention of acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. We found that LAB pretreatment reduced serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and reduced hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). JN-8 pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy in improving hepatic antioxidation. LGG and JN-8 pretreatment significantly attenuated hepatic and colonic inflammation by decreasing the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and increasing the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10). JN-1 and JN-8 pretreatments have better preventive effects than other LAB pretreatment on intestinal barrier dysfunction. In addition, the LAB pretreatment improved gut microbial dysbiosis and bile acid (BA) metabolic abnormality. All of the strains were confirmed to have bile salt deconjugation capacities in vitro, where M and JN-8 displayed higher activities. This study provides new insights into the prevention and mechanism of LAB strains in preventing acute alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Duan
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Brewing Technology Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li C, Cao J, Chen Z, Su Z, Bao H, Li X, Liu L, Xiao Z, Duan J, Zhou T, Xu F. Gastrodin alleviates the deterioration of depressive-like behavior and glucolipid metabolism promoted by chronic stress in type 2 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176582. [PMID: 38642668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The growing burden of psychological stress among diabetes patients has contributed to a rising incidence of depression within this population. It is of significant importance to conduct research on the impact of stress on diabetes patients and to explore potential pharmacological interventions to counteract the stress-induced exacerbation of their condition. Gastrodin is a low molecular weight bioactive compound extracted from the rhizome of Gastrodiae elata Blume, and it may be a preventive strategy for diabetes and a novel treatment for depression symptoms. However, its relevant pharmacological mechanisms for protecting against the impacts of psychological stress in diabetic patients are unclear. In this study, we performed 5 weeks CUMS intervention and simultaneously administered gastrodin (140 mg/kg, once daily) on T2DM mice, to investigate the potential protective effects of gastrodin. The protective effect of gastrodin was evaluated by behavioral tests, biochemical analysis, histopathological examination, RT-qPCR and gut microbiota analysis. We found that the depressive-like behavior and glucolipid metabolism could be deteriorated by chronic stress in type 2 diabetic mice, while gastrodin showed a protective effect against these exacerbations by regulating HPA hormones, activating FXR and Cyp7a1, reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress responses, and regulating ileal gut microbiota abundance. Gastrodin might be a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating the deterioration of diabetes conditions due to chronic stress.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzyl Alcohols/pharmacology
- Benzyl Alcohols/therapeutic use
- Glucosides/pharmacology
- Glucosides/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology
- Depression/drug therapy
- Depression/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Stress, Psychological/drug therapy
- Stress, Psychological/complications
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Chronic Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Canye Li
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Cao
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicong Chen
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuanjun Su
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Bao
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luping Liu
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Xiao
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Fengxian Hospital, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Tang Y, Fan Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Huang Q, Chen T, Cao X, Wen C, Shen X, Li J, You Y. A Current Understanding of FXR in NAFLD: The multifaceted regulatory role of FXR and novel lead discovery for drug development. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116658. [PMID: 38701562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached 30 %, with an annual increase. The incidence of NAFLD-induced cirrhosis is rapidly rising and has become the leading indicator for liver transplantation in the US. However, there are currently no US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for NAFLD. Increasing evidence underscores the close association between NAFLD and bile acid metabolism disorder, highlighting the feasibility of targeting the bile acid signaling pathway for NAFLD treatment. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an endogenous receptor for bile acids that exhibits favorable effects in ameliorating the metabolic imbalance of bile acids, lipid disorders, and disruption of intestinal homeostasis, all of which are key characteristics of NAFLD, making FXR a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms through which FXR improves NAFLD, with particular emphasis on its involvement in regulating bile acid homeostasis and the recent advancements in drug development targeting FXR for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Tang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cailing Wen
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yan You
- School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Sun K, Zhu NL, Huang SL, Qu H, Gu YP, Qin L, Liu J, Leng Y. A new mechanism of thyroid hormone receptor β agonists ameliorating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption via remodeling bile acid profiles. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01303-x. [PMID: 38789494 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01303-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary calories lead to systemic metabolic disorders, disturb hepatic lipid metabolism, and aggravate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bile acids (BAs) play key roles in regulating nutrition absorption and systemic energy homeostasis. Resmetirom is a selective thyroid hormone receptor β (THRβ) agonist and the first approved drug for NASH treatment. It is well known that the THRβ activation could promote intrahepatic lipid catabolism and improve mitochondrial function, however, its effects on intestinal lipid absorption and BA compositions remain unknown. In the present study, the choline-deficient, L-amino acid defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) and high-fat diet plus CCl4 (HFD+CCl4)-induced NASH mice were used to evaluate the effects of resmetirom on lipid and BA composition. We showed that resmetirom administration (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) significantly altered hepatic lipid composition, especially reduced the C18:2 fatty acyl chain-containing triglyceride (TG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the two NASH mouse models, suggesting that THRβ activation inhibited intestinal lipid absorption since C18:2 fatty acid could be obtained only from diet. Targeted analysis of BAs showed that resmetirom treatment markedly reduced the hepatic and intestinal 12-OH to non-12-OH BAs ratio by suppressing cytochrome P450 8B1 (CYP8B1) expression in both NASH mouse models. The direct inhibition by resmetirom on intestinal lipid absorption was further verified by the BODIPY gavage and the oral fat tolerance test. In addition, disturbance of the altered BA profiles by exogenous cholic acid (CA) supplementation abolished the inhibitory effects of resmetirom on intestinal lipid absorption in both normal and CDAHFD-fed mice, suggesting that resmetirom inhibited intestinal lipid absorption by reducing 12-OH BAs content. In conclusion, we discovered a novel mechanism of THRβ agonists on NASH treatment by inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption through remodeling BAs composition, which highlights the multiple regulation of THRβ activation on lipid metabolism and extends the current knowledge on the action mechanisms of THRβ agonists in NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nan-Lin Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Su-Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Pei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Jia W, Li Y, Cheung KCP, Zheng X. Bile acid signaling in the regulation of whole body metabolic and immunological homeostasis. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:865-878. [PMID: 37515688 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in nutrient absorption and act as key regulators of lipid and glucose metabolism and immune homeostasis. Through the enterohepatic circulation, BAs are synthesized, metabolized, and reabsorbed, with a portion entering the vascular circulation and distributing systemically. This allows BAs to interact with receptors in all major organs, leading to organ-organ interactions that regulate both local and global metabolic processes, as well as the immune system. This review focuses on the whole-body effects of BA-mediated metabolic and immunological regulation, including in the brain, heart, liver, intestine, eyes, skin, adipose tissue, and muscle. Targeting BA synthesis and receptor signaling is a promising strategy for the development of novel therapies for various diseases throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yitao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth C P Cheung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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15
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Zhang W, Wu H, Luo S, Lu X, Tan X, Wen L, Ma X, Efferth T. Molecular insights into experimental models and therapeutics for cholestasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116594. [PMID: 38615607 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a range of conditions caused by the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) or disruptions in bile flow, which can harm the liver and bile ducts. To investigate its pathogenesis and treatment, it is essential to establish and assess experimental models of cholestasis, which have significant clinical value. However, owing to the complex pathogenesis of cholestasis, a single modelling method can merely reflect one or a few pathological mechanisms, and each method has its adaptability and limitations. We summarize the existing experimental models of cholestasis, including animal models, gene-knockout models, cell models, and organoid models. We also describe the main types of cholestatic disease simulated clinically. This review provides an overview of targeted therapy used for treating cholestasis based on the current research status of cholestasis models. In addition, we discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages of different models of cholestasis to help establish experimental models that resemble clinical disease conditions. In sum, this review not only outlines the current research with cholestasis models but also projects prospects for clinical treatment, thereby bridging basic research and practical therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hefei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiman Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Tang R, Liu R, Zha H, Cheng Y, Ling Z, Li L. Gut microbiota induced epigenetic modifications in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300016. [PMID: 38708414 PMCID: PMC11065334 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a growing global health concern that can lead to liver disease and cancer. It is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat in the liver, unrelated to excessive alcohol consumption. Studies indicate that the gut microbiota-host crosstalk may play a causal role in NAFLD pathogenesis, with epigenetic modification serving as a key mechanism for regulating this interaction. In this review, we explore how the interplay between gut microbiota and the host epigenome impacts the development of NAFLD. Specifically, we discuss how gut microbiota-derived factors, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can modulate the DNA methylation and histone acetylation of genes associated with NAFLD, subsequently affecting lipid metabolism and immune homeostasis. Although the current literature suggests a link between gut microbiota and NAFLD development, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying this crosstalk remains limited. Therefore, more comprehensive epigenomic and multi-omic studies, including broader clinical and animal experiments, are needed to further explore the mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to NAFLD-associated genes. These studies are anticipated to improve microbial markers based on epigenetic strategies and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of NAFLD, ultimately addressing a significant unmet clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Center of Pediatric Hematology‐oncologyPediatric Leukemia Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Research Center of Zhejiang ProvinceNational Clinical Research Center for Child HealthChildren's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yiwen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Zongxin Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanChina
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong LaboratoryJinanChina
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17
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Li Y, Qi P, Song SY, Wang Y, Wang H, Cao P, Liu Y, Wang Y. Elucidating cuproptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116585. [PMID: 38615611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging research into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) up until January 2024 has highlighted the critical role of cuproptosis, a unique cell death mechanism triggered by copper overload, in the disease's development. This connection offers new insights into MASLD's complex pathogenesis, pointing to copper accumulation as a key factor that disrupts lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The identification of cuproptosis as a significant contributor to MASLD underscores the potential for targeting copper-mediated pathways for novel therapeutic approaches. This promising avenue suggests that managing copper levels could mitigate MASLD progression, offering a fresh perspective on treatment strategies. Further investigations into how cuproptosis influences MASLD are essential for unraveling the detailed mechanisms at play and for identifying effective interventions. The focus on copper's role in liver health opens up the possibility of developing targeted therapies that address the underlying causes of MASLD, moving beyond symptomatic treatment to tackle the root of the problem. The exploration of cuproptosis in the context of MASLD exemplifies the importance of understanding metal homeostasis in metabolic diseases and represents a significant step forward in the quest for more effective treatments. This research direction lights path for innovative MASLD management and reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailian Wang
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yu'e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Chen S, Hu Z, Tang J, Zhu H, Zheng Y, Xiao J, Xu Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Mo X, Wu Y, Guo J, Zhang Y, Luo H. High temperature and humidity in the environment disrupt bile acid metabolism, the gut microbiome, and GLP-1 secretion in mice. Commun Biol 2024; 7:465. [PMID: 38632312 PMCID: PMC11024098 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
High temperature and humidity in the environment are known to be associated with discomfort and disease, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We observed a decrease in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in response to high-temperature and humidity conditions. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, alterations in the gut microbiota composition were identified following exposure to high temperature and humidity conditions. Notably, changes in the gut microbiota have been implicated in bile acid synthesis. Further analysis revealed a decrease in lithocholic acid levels in high-temperature and humidity conditions. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that lithocholic acid increases glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion in NCI-H716 cells. Proteomic analysis indicated upregulation of farnesoid X receptor expression in the ileum. In vitro experiments revealed that the combination of lithocholic acid with farnesoid X receptor inhibitors resulted in a significant increase in GLP-1 levels compared to lithocholic acid alone. In this study, we elucidate the mechanism by which reduced lithocholic acid suppresses glucagon-like peptide 1 via farnesoid X receptor activation under high-temperature and humidity condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongren Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jianbang Tang
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | | | - Yuhua Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiedong Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Mo
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalan Wu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Huanhuan Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zazueta A, Valenzuela-Pérez L, Ortiz-López N, Pinto-León A, Torres V, Guiñez D, Aliaga N, Merino P, Sandoval A, Covarrubias N, Pérez de Arce E, Cattaneo M, Urzúa A, Roblero JP, Poniachik J, Gotteland M, Magne F, Beltrán CJ. Alteration of Gut Microbiota Composition in the Progression of Liver Damage in Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4387. [PMID: 38673972 PMCID: PMC11050088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a complex disorder whose prevalence is rapidly growing in South America. The disturbances in the microbiota-gut-liver axis impact the liver damaging processes toward fibrosis. Gut microbiota status is shaped by dietary and lifestyle factors, depending on geographic location. We aimed to identify microbial signatures in a group of Chilean MASLD patients. Forty subjects were recruited, including healthy controls (HCs), overweight/obese subjects (Ow/Ob), patients with MASLD without fibrosis (MASLD/F-), and MASLD with fibrosis (MASLD/F+). Both MASLD and fibrosis were detected through elastography and/or biopsy, and fecal microbiota were analyzed through deep sequencing. Despite no differences in α- and β-diversity among all groups, a higher abundance of Bilophila and a lower presence of Defluviitaleaceae, Lachnospiraceae ND3007, and Coprobacter was found in MASLD/F- and MASLD/F+, compared to HC. Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Sellimonas were more abundant in MASLD/F+ than in Ow/Ob; both significantly differed between MASLD/F- and MASLD/F+, compared to HC. Significant positive correlations were observed between liver stiffness and Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, Sarcina, and Acidaminococcus abundance. Our results show that MASLD is associated with changes in bacterial taxa that are known to be involved in bile acid metabolism and SCFA production, with some of them being more specifically linked to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Zazueta
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Lucía Valenzuela-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Nicolás Ortiz-López
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Araceli Pinto-León
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Verónica Torres
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Danette Guiñez
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Nicolás Aliaga
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Pablo Merino
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
| | - Alexandra Sandoval
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Natalia Covarrubias
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Edith Pérez de Arce
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Máximo Cattaneo
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Alvaro Urzúa
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Juan Pablo Roblero
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jaime Poniachik
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (D.G.); (A.S.); (N.C.); (E.P.d.A.); (M.C.); (A.U.); (J.P.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Fabien Magne
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Caroll Jenny Beltrán
- Laboratory of Immuno-Gastroenterology, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile; (L.V.-P.); (N.O.-L.); (A.P.-L.); (V.T.); (N.A.); (P.M.)
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20
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Wang X, Jin Y, Di C, Zeng Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Pan Z, Li Z, Ling W. Supplementation of Silymarin Alone or in Combination with Salvianolic Acids B and Puerarin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolism to Improve High-Fat Diet-Induced NAFLD in Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:1169. [PMID: 38674860 PMCID: PMC11053752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin were considered healthy food agents with tremendous potential to ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms by which they interact with gut microbiota to exert benefits are largely unknown. After 8 weeks of NAFLD modeling, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups and fed a normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD supplemented with a medium or high dose of Silybum marianum extract contained silymarin or polyherbal extract contained silymarin, salvianolic acids B, and puerarin for 16 weeks, respectively. The untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing were used for molecular mechanisms exploration. The intervention of silymarin and polyherbal extract significantly improved liver steatosis and recovered liver function in the mice, accompanied by an increase in probiotics like Akkermansia and Blautia, and suppressed Clostridium, which related to changes in the bile acids profile in feces and serum. Fecal microbiome transplantation confirmed that this alteration of microbiota and its metabolites were responsible for the improvement in NAFLD. The present study substantiated that alterations of the gut microbiota upon silymarin and polyherbal extract intervention have beneficial effects on HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and suggested the pivotal role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the amelioration of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yufeng Jin
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Can Di
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Yupeng Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongxia Li
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510663, China;
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University (Northern Campus), Guangzhou 510080, China; (X.W.); (Y.J.); (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.P.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
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21
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Lu XR, Tao Q, Qin Z, Liu XW, Li SH, Bai LX, Ge WB, Liu YX, Li JY, Yang YJ. A combined transcriptomics and proteomics approach to reveal the mechanism of AEE relieving hyperlipidemia in ApoE -/- mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116400. [PMID: 38484560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia caused by abnormal lipid metabolism has reached epidemic proportions. This phenomenon is also common in companion animals. Previous studies showed that AEE significantly improves abnormal blood lipids in hyperlipidemia rats and mice, but its mechanism is still not clear enough. In this study, the mechanism and potential key pathways of AEE on improving hyperlipidemia in mice were investigated through the transcriptome and proteome study of ApoE-/- mice liver and the verification study on high-fat HepG2 cells. The results showed that AEE significantly decreased the serum TC and LDL-C levels of hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice, and significantly increased the enzyme activity of CYP7A1. After AEE intervention, the results of mice liver transcriptome and proteome showed that differential genes and proteins were enriched in lipid metabolism-related pathways. The results of RT-qPCR showed that AEE significantly regulated the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in mice liver tissue. AEE significantly upregulated the protein expression of CYP7A1 in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice liver tissue. The results in vitro showed that AEE significantly decreased the levels of TC and TG, and improved lipid deposition in high-fat HepG2 cells. AEE significantly increased the expression of CYP7A1 protein in high-fat HepG2 cells. AEE regulates the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in high-fat HepG2 cells, mainly by FXR-SHP-CYP7A1 and FGF19-TFEB-CYP7A1 pathways. To sum up, AEE can significantly improve the hyperlipidemia status of ApoE-/- mice and the lipid deposition of high-fat HepG2 cells, and its main pathway is probably the bile acid metabolism-related pathway centered on CYP7A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Lu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Qi Tao
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Bai
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Ya-Xian Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug of Gansu Province,Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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22
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Deng S, Ge Y, Zhai Z, Liu H, Zhang X, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wu Z. Fructose induces hepatic steatosis in adolescent mice linked to the disorders of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, and autophagy. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109635. [PMID: 38561080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The effects of excessive fructose intake on the development and progression of metabolic disorders have received widespread attention. However, the deleterious effects of fructose on the development of hepatic metabolic disease in adolescents and its potential mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of isocaloric fructose-rich diets on the liver of adolescent mice. The results showed that fructose-rich diets had no effect on the development of obesity in the adolescent mice, but did induce hepatic lipid accumulation. Besides, we found that fructose-rich diets promoted hepatic inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in adolescent mice, which may be associated with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, our results showed that fructose-rich diets caused disturbances in hepatic lipid metabolism and bile acid metabolism, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy dysfunction. Finally, we found that the intestinal barrier function was impaired in the mice fed fructose-rich diets. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that dietary high fructose induces hepatic metabolic disorders in adolescent mice. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for fully understanding the effects of high fructose intake on the development of hepatic metabolic diseases during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yao Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhian Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Haozhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yinfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Companion Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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23
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Du Z, Luo Z, Huang Y, Zhou T, Ma L, Wu D, Yao X, Shen L, Yu S, Yong K, Yan Z, Cao S. Screening for potential warning biomarkers in cows with ketosis based on host-microbiota co-metabolism analysis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1373402. [PMID: 38605714 PMCID: PMC11006965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1373402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The risk of ketosis is assessed by monitoring changes in plasma metabolites and cow behavior during the peripartum period. However, little is known about changes in the fecal bile acid and microbiota of cows before parturition. Therefore, this study clarified the bile acid profile and screened potential warning biomarkers in heifers 7 days before calving. Methods Ninety healthy cows were tracked in the transition period, and plasma and feces were collected 7 days before calving, on calving day, and 7 days after calving. The cows were divided into ketosis and healthy groups based on the blood β-hydroxybutyric acid levels from day 7 after calving. The levels of serum biochemical indices were measured at three time points using commercial kits. Ten cows in the ketosis group (KET-7) and 10 healthy cows (HEA-7) were randomly selected 7 days before calving for metabolome and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results No significant differences in serum energy-related indices were observed 7 days before calving. The major bile acids in the feces of the KET-7 group were non-conjugated secondary bile acids (UnconSBA). Differential bile acids were primarily derived from UnconSBA. The potential ketosis warning metabolite in feces for 7 days before delivery was isodeoxycholic acid. The abundance of Rikenellaaceae-RC9-gut-group in the KET-7 group increased, whereas the abundance of Oscillospiraceae UCG-010 bacteria significantly decreased. Lactobacillus and Prevotella-9 in feces were potential warning biomarkers for ketosis in dairy cows 7 days before calving. The variation in differential bile acids in the plasma, consistent with the feces, was mainly derived from UnconSBA. Lithocholic acid in the plasma was a potential ketosis warning metabolite 7 days before delivery. Conclusion Ketotic cows experienced bile acid metabolism disorders 7 days before calving, and the gut microbiota was closely related to bile acid metabolism disorders. Future studies should investigate the relationship between secondary bile acids and the development of ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Du
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Yong
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Xiao Y, Wang W, Peng S, Lu Y, Du J, Cai W. Farnesoid X receptor agonist tropifexor detoxifies ammonia by regulating the glutamine metabolism and urea cycles in cholestatic livers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176334. [PMID: 38286357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia refers to elevated levels of ammonia in the blood, which is an important pathological feature of liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Preclinical studies suggest tropifexor (TXR), a novel non-bile acid agonist of Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), has shown promising effects on reducing hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This study evaluates the impact of TXR on hyperammonemia in a piglet model of cholestasis. We here observed blood ammonia significantly elevated in patients with biliary atresia (BA) and was positively correlated with liver injury. Targeted metabolomics and immunblotting showed glutamine metabolism and urea cycles were impaired in BA patients. Next, we observed that TXR potently suppresses bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced injuries in liver and brain with improving the glutamine metabolism and urea cycles. Within the liver, TXR enhances glutamine metabolism and urea cycles by up-regulation of key regulatory enzymes, including glutamine synthetase (GS), carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and arginase 1 (ARG1). In primary mice hepatocytes, TXR detoxified ammonia via increasing ureagenesis. Mechanically, TXR activating FXR to increase express enzymes that regulating ureagenesis and glutamine synthesis through a transcriptional approach. Together, these results suggest that TXR may have therapeutic implications for hyperammonemic conditions in cholestatic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Xiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang G, Hao H, Wang H. FXR agonists for MASH therapy: Lessons and perspectives from obeticholic acid. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:568-586. [PMID: 37899676 DOI: 10.1002/med.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, also called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, is the most common liver disease worldwide and has no approved pharmacotherapy. Due to its beneficial effects on metabolic regulation, inflammation suppression, cell death prevention, and fibrogenesis inhibition, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is widely accepted as a promising therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatosis (NASH) or called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Many FXR agonists have been developed for NASH/MASH therapy. Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the pioneering frontrunner FXR agonist and the first demonstrating success in clinical trials. Unfortunately, OCA did not receive regulatory approval as a NASH pharmacotherapy because its moderate benefits did not outweigh its safety risks, which may cast a shadow over FXR-based drug development for NASH/MASH. This review summarizes the milestones in the development of OCA for NASH/MASH and discuss its limitations, including moderate hepatoprotection and the undesirable side effects of dyslipidemia, pruritus, cholelithiasis, and liver toxicity risk, in depth. More importantly, we provide perspectives on FXR-based therapy for NASH/MASH, hoping to support a successful bench-to-clinic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuecan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Wei S, Wang L, Evans PC, Xu S. NAFLD and NASH: etiology, targets and emerging therapies. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103910. [PMID: 38301798 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pose a significant threat to human health and cause a tremendous socioeconomic burden. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of NAFLD and NASH remain incompletely understood, and no effective pharmacotherapies have been approved. In the past five years, significant advances have been achieved in our understanding of the pathomechanisms and potential pharmacotherapies of NAFLD and NASH. Research advances include the investigation of the effects of the fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analog pegozafermin and the thyroid hormone receptor-β (THRβ) agonist resmetriom on hepatic fat content, NASH resolution and/or fibrosis regression. Future directions of NAFLD and NASH research (including combination therapy, organoids and humanized mouse models) are also discussed in this state-of-the-art review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul C Evans
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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27
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Mio K, Iida-Tanaka N, Togo-Ohno M, Tadenuma N, Yamanaka C, Aoe S. Barley consumption under a high-fat diet suppresses lipogenic genes through altered intestinal bile acid composition. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 125:109547. [PMID: 38081474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated whether barley flour consumption in a high-fat environment affects lipid metabolism through signals mediated by bile acids. Four-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cellulose (HC) or β-glucan-rich barley flour (HB) for 12 weeks. Bile acid composition in the intestinal tract and feces was measured by GC/MS. Gene expression levels involved in bile acid metabolism in the liver and intestinal tract were determined by RT-PCR. Similar parameters were measured in mice treated with antibiotics (antibiotics-cellulose [AC] and antibiotics-barley [AB]) to reduce the activity of intestinal bacteria. The Results showed that the HB group had lower liver blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the HC group. The HB group showed a significant decrease in primary bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract compared to the HC group. On the other hand, the concentration of secondary bile acids relatively increased in the cecum and feces. In the liver, Fxr activation suppressed gene expression levels in synthesizing bile acids and lipids. Furthermore, in the gastrointestinal tract, Tgr5 was activated by increased secondary bile acids. Correspondingly, AMP levels were increased in the HB group compared to the HC group, AMPK was phosphorylated in the liver, and gene expression involved in lipid synthesis was downregulated. A comparison of the AC and AB groups treated with antibiotics did not confirm these effects of barley intake. In summary, our results suggest that the prevention of lipid accumulation by barley consumption involves signaling through changes in bile acid composition in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Mio
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoko Iida-Tanaka
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Togo-Ohno
- Research and Development Department, Hakubaku Co., Ltd., Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Natsuki Tadenuma
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiemi Yamanaka
- The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan; The Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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Sinha RA. Targeting nuclear receptors for NASH/MASH: From bench to bedside. LIVER RESEARCH 2024; 8:34-45. [PMID: 38544909 PMCID: PMC7615772 DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The onset of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a tipping point leading to liver injury and subsequent hepatic complications in the natural progression of what is now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). With no pharmacological treatment currently available for MASH/NASH, the race is on to develop drugs targeting multiple facets of hepatic metabolism, inflammation, and pro-fibrotic events, which are major drivers of MASH. Nuclear receptors (NRs) regulate genomic transcription upon binding to lipophilic ligands and govern multiple aspects of liver metabolism and inflammation. Ligands of NRs may include hormones, lipids, bile acids, and synthetic ligands, which upon binding to NRs regulate the transcriptional activities of target genes. NR ligands are presently the most promising drug candidates expected to receive approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration as a pharmacological treatment for MASH. This review aims to cover the current understanding of NRs, including nuclear hormone receptors, non-steroid hormone receptors, circadian NRs, and orphan NRs, which are currently undergoing clinical trials for MASH treatment, along with NRs that have shown promising results in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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29
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Bendixen SM, Jakobsgaard PR, Hansen D, Hejn KH, Terkelsen MK, Bjerre FA, Thulesen AP, Eriksen NG, Hallenborg P, Geng Y, Dam TV, Larsen FT, Wernberg CW, Vijayathurai J, Scott EAH, Marcher AB, Detlefsen S, Grøntved L, Dimke H, Berdeaux R, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Olinga P, Lauridsen MM, Krag A, Blagoev B, Ravnskjaer K. Single cell-resolved study of advanced murine MASH reveals a homeostatic pericyte signaling module. J Hepatol 2024; 80:467-481. [PMID: 37972658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and marked by hepatic inflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and fibrosis, impairing liver function and aggravating metabolic derangements. The liver homeostatic interactions disrupted in MASH are still poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the plasticity and changing interactions of non-parenchymal cells associated with advanced MASH. METHODS We characterized a diet-induced mouse model of advanced MASH at single-cell resolution and validated findings by assaying chromatin accessibility, bioimaging murine and human livers, and via functional experiments in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The fibrogenic activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) led to deterioration of a signaling module consisting of the bile acid receptor NR1H4/FXR and HSC-specific GS-protein-coupled receptors (GSPCRs) capable of preserving stellate cell quiescence. Accompanying HSC activation, we further observed the attenuation of HSC Gdf2 expression, and a MASH-associated expansion of a CD207-positive macrophage population likely derived from both incoming monocytes and Kupffer cells. CONCLUSION We conclude that HSC-expressed NR1H4 and GSPCRs of the healthy liver integrate postprandial cues, which sustain HSC quiescence and, through paracrine signals, overall sinusoidal health. Hence HSC activation in MASH not only drives fibrogenesis but may desensitize the hepatic sinusoid to liver homeostatic signals. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Homeostatic interactions between hepatic cell types and their deterioration in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are poorly characterized. In our current single cell-resolved study of advanced murine metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, we identified a quiescence-associated hepatic stellate cell-signaling module with potential to preserve normal sinusoid function. As expression levels of its constituents are conserved in the human liver, stimulation of the identified signaling module is a promising therapeutic strategy to restore sinusoid function in chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie M Bendixen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Peter R Jakobsgaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Daniel Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kamilla H Hejn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Mike K Terkelsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Frederik A Bjerre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Annemette P Thulesen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Niels G Eriksen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Philip Hallenborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Yana Geng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Trine V Dam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Frederik T Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Charlotte W Wernberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of South Denmark Esbjerg, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Janusa Vijayathurai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Emma A H Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ann-Britt Marcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Sönke Detlefsen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, UT Health Houston, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mette M Lauridsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of South Denmark Esbjerg, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Blagoy Blagoev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kim Ravnskjaer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Center for Functional Genomics and Tissue Plasticity, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
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30
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Cai H, Zhang J, Liu C, Le TN, Lu Y, Feng F, Zhao M. High-Fat Diet-Induced Decreased Circulating Bile Acids Contribute to Obesity Associated with Gut Microbiota in Mice. Foods 2024; 13:699. [PMID: 38472812 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The altered circulating bile acids (BAs) modulate gut microbiota, energy metabolism and various physiological functions. BA profiles in liver, serum, ileum and feces of HFD-fed mice were analyzed with normal chow diet (NCD)-fed mice after 16-week feeding. Furthermore, gut microbiota was analyzed and its correlation analysis with BA was performed. The result showed that long-term HFD feeding significantly decreased hepatic and serum BA levels, mainly attributed to the inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis and the reduced reabsorption efficiency of BAs in enterohepatic circulation. It also significantly impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis and gut microbiota in mice. We found significantly higher bile salt hydrolase activity in ileal microbes and a higher ratio of free BAs to conjugated BA content in ileal contents in HFD groups compared with NCD group mice, which might account for the activated intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling on liver BA synthesis inhibition and reduced ileal reabsorption. The decreased circulating BAs were associated with the dysregulation of the lipid metabolism according to the decreased TGR5 signaling in the ileum and BAT. In addition, it is astonishing to find extremely high percentages of taurocholate and 12-OH BAs in liver and serum BA profiles of both groups, which was mainly attributed to the high substrate selectivity for 12-OH BAs of the intestinal BAs transporter during the ileal reabsorption of enterohepatic circulation. This study revealed a significant effect of long-term HFD feeding on the decreased circulating BA pool in mice, which impaired lipid homeostasis and gut microbiota, and collectively resulted in metabolic disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Cai
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Thanh Ninh Le
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Yuyun Lu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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31
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Xu H, Yuan M, Niu K, Yang W, Jiang M, Zhang L, Zhou J. Involvement of Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in the Amelioration of Experimental Metabolism-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Nobiletin. Molecules 2024; 29:976. [PMID: 38474489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a growing health problem worldwide, is one of the major risks for the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Oral administration of nobiletin (NOB), a natural citrus flavonoid, modulates the gut microbes and their metabolites in mice. In the present study, we established a mouse model of MAFLD by subjecting mice to a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Throughout this timeframe, NOB was administered to investigate its potential benefits on gut microbial balance and bile acid (BA) metabolism using various techniques, including 16S rRNA sequencing, targeted metabolomics of BA, and biological assays. NOB effectively slowed the progression of MAFLD by reducing serum lipid levels, blood glucose levels, LPS levels, and hepatic IL-1β and TNF-α levels. Furthermore, NOB reinstated diversity within the gut microbial community, increasing the population of bacteria that produce bile salt hydrolase (BSH) to enhance BA excretion. By exploring further, we found NOB downregulated hepatic expression of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and its associated small heterodimer partner (SHP), and it increased the expression of downstream enzymes, including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1). This acceleration in cholesterol conversion within the liver contributes to mitigating MAFLD. The present findings underscore the significant role of NOB in regulating gut microbial balance and BA metabolism, revealing that long-term intake of NOB plays beneficial roles in the prevention or intervention of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mingming Yuan
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kailin Niu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maoyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center Affiliate from Research Office, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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32
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Huang K, Chu G, Yang P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Guan X, Li S, Song H, Zhang Y. Benefits of Monascus anka solid-state fermentation for quinoa polyphenol bioaccessibility and the anti-obesity effect linked with gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:2208-2220. [PMID: 38317482 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In our previous study, a polyphenol-utilization targeted quinoa product was developed via solid-state fermentation with Monascus anka. In this study, we investigated the polyphenol-related novel functions of the fermented product further. Compared with unfermented quinoa, M. anka fermented quinoa alleviated the trapping effect of the macromolecules, especially in the colonic fermentation stage, resulting in enhanced polyphenol bioaccessibility. Lachnoclostridium, Megasphaera, Megamonas, Dialister, and Phascolarctobacterium might contribute to polyphenol liberation and metabolism in fermented quinoa. Additionally, fermented quinoa polyphenols presented an efficient anti-obesity effect by enhancing hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, suppressing fatty acid synthesis, accelerating fatty acid oxidation, and improving bile acid synthesis. Moreover, fermented quinoa polyphenol supplementation alleviated gut microbiota disorder induced by a high-fat diet, resulting in a decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota, and increased relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Lachnoclostridium. The obtained results suggested that the principal anti-obesity effect of fermented quinoa polyphenols might act through the AMPK/PPARα/CPT-1 pathway. In conclusion, M. anka solid-state fermentation effectively enhanced the bioaccessibility of quinoa, and the fermented quinoa polyphenols showed considerable anti-obesity effect. Our findings provide new perspectives for the development of dietary polyphenol-based satiety-enhancing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Chu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Pei Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yongyong Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongdong Song
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, PR China
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33
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Tang X, Liao Q, Li Q, Jiang L, Li W, Xu J, Xiong A, Wang R, Zhao J, Wang Z, Ding L, Yang L. Lusianthridin ameliorates high fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease via activation of FXR signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 965:176196. [PMID: 38006926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, but there are few specific medications for it. Lusianthridin, a major phenanthrene component that originates from Dendrobium Sonia, has various in vitro biological functions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of lusianthridin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MAFLD as well as to examine the mechanism of its effects. We fed male mice high-fat-diet for 12 weeks to induce MAFLD and then continued to feed them, either with or without lusianthridin, for another six weeks. We found that lusianthridin decreased serum triacylglycerol, hepatic triacylglycerol, and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol. It also reduced hepatic lipid accumulation based on the results of morphology analysis. Besides, it improved hepatic inflammation as well, including a decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase and a reduction in macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. Mechanistically, surface plasmon resonance, cell thermal shift assay and dual-luciferase report system results suggested that lusianthridin combined with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) ligand binding region and activated its transcriptional activity. Lusianthridin also decreased de no lipogenesis though inhibiting Srebp1c and downstream Scd-1, Lpin1 and Dgat2 expression in a FXR-dependent manner in oleic acid treated L02 cells. Correspondingly, lusianthridin inhibited Srebp1c and downstream lipogenesis in MAFLD liver tissues of mice at both of genetic and protein levels. Finally, the protective effects of lusianthridin on hepatic steaotosis were abolished in Fxr-/- mice. Taken together, our results suggested that lusianthridin attenuated high-fat-diet induced MAFLD via activation the FXR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Linshan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Aizhen Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rufeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Rupasinghe HPV. Proanthocyanidins-Based Synbiotics as a Novel Strategy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Risk Reduction. Molecules 2024; 29:709. [PMID: 38338453 PMCID: PMC10856248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is a spectrum of liver abnormalities ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by excessive lipid accumulation. The prevalence of NAFLD is predicted to increase rapidly, demanding novel approaches to reduce the global NAFLD burden. Flavonoids, the most abundant dietary polyphenols, can reduce the risk of NAFLD. The majority of dietary flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers and polymers of the flavonoid sub-group flavan-3-ols. The efficacy of PAC in reducing the NAFLD risk can be significantly hindered by low bioavailability. The development of synbiotics by combining PAC with probiotics may increase effectiveness against NAFLD by biotransforming PAC into bioavailable metabolites. PAC and probiotic bacteria are capable of mitigating steatosis primarily through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. PAC and probiotic bacteria can reduce the progression of steatosis to NASH mainly through ameliorating hepatic damage and inflammation induced by hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotics of PAC are superior in reducing the risk of NAFLD compared to independent administration of PAC and probiotics. The development of PAC-based synbiotics can be a novel strategy to mitigate the increasing incidence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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Liu C, Du MX, Xie LS, Wang WZ, Chen BS, Yun CY, Sun XW, Luo X, Jiang Y, Wang K, Jiang MZ, Qiao SS, Sun M, Cui BJ, Huang HJ, Qu SP, Li CK, Wu D, Wang LS, Jiang C, Liu HW, Liu SJ. Gut commensal Christensenella minuta modulates host metabolism via acylated secondary bile acids. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:434-450. [PMID: 38233647 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A strong correlation between gut microbes and host health has been observed in numerous gut metagenomic cohort studies. However, the underlying mechanisms governing host-microbe interactions in the gut remain largely unknown. Here we report that the gut commensal Christensenella minuta modulates host metabolism by generating a previously undescribed class of secondary bile acids with 3-O-acylation substitution that inhibit the intestinal farnesoid X receptor. Administration of C. minuta alleviated features of metabolic disease in high fat diet-induced obese mice associated with a significant increase in these acylated bile acids, which we refer to as 3-O-acyl-cholic acids. Specific knockout of intestinal farnesoid X receptor in mice counteracted the beneficial effects observed in their wild-type counterparts. Finally, we showed that 3-O-acyl-CAs were prevalent in healthy humans but significantly depleted in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate a role for C. minuta and acylated bile acids in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Xuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Li-Sheng Xie
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chu-Yu Yun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min-Zhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Min Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Juan Cui
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Dalei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Huang W, Cao Z, Wang W, Yang Z, Jiao S, Chen Y, Chen S, Zhang L, Li Z. Discovery of LH10, a novel fexaramine-based FXR agonist for the treatment of liver disease. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107071. [PMID: 38199141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was considered as a promising drug target in the treatment of cholestasis, drug-induced liver injury, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the existing FXR agonists have shown different degrees of side effects in clinical trials without clear interpretation. MET-409 in clinical phase Ⅲ, has been proven significantly fewer side effects than that of other FXR agonists. This may be due to the completely different structure of FEX and other non-steroidal FXR agonists. Herein, the structure-based drug design was carried out based on FEX, and the more active FXR agonist LH10 (FEX EC50 = 0,3 μM; LH10 EC50 = 0.14 μM)) was screened out by the comprehensive SAR studies. Furthermore, LH10 exhibited robust hepatoprotective activity on the ANIT-induced cholestatic model and APAP-induced acute liver injury model, which was even better than positive control OCA. In the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) model, LH10 significantly improved the pathological characteristics of NASH by regulating several major pathways including lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. With the above attractive results, LH10 is worthy of further evaluation as a novel agent for the treatment of liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhongcheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shixuan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation of the Guangdong Provincial Education Department, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Hashimoto N, Nagata R, Han KH, Wakagi M, Ishikawa-Takano Y, Fukushima M. Involvement of the vagus nerve and hepatic gene expression in serum adiponectin concentrations in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:99-112. [PMID: 37837567 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Several humoral factors, such as adiponectin and urate, have been suggested to affect metabolic syndromes. Previously, we reported a reduction in blood adiponectin concentrations after a high-fructose diet partially via the vagus nerve in rats. Although a lithogenic diet (LD), i.e., supplementation of a normal control diet (CT) with 0.6% cholesterol and 0.2% sodium cholate, reduced blood adiponectin concentrations, the involvement of the vagus nerve in this mechanism remains unclear. To estimate the involvement of the vagus nerve in the regulation of blood adiponectin concentrations using an LD, male imprinting control region mice that had been vagotomized (HVx) or only laparotomized (Sham) were administered a CT or an LD for 10 weeks. Serum adiponectin concentrations in the Sham-LD, HVx-CT, and HVx-LD groups were reduced by half compared with the Sham-CT group. The hepatic mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21), which reportedly stimulates adiponectin secretion from white adipose tissue, were lower in the LD groups compared with the CT groups. HepG2 hepatoma cells showed that various bile acids reduced the mRNA expression of FGF21. Moreover, the LD increased serum urate concentrations and reduced hepatic expressions of the acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1) mRNA and glucokinase, suggesting insufficient regeneration of ATP from AMP. In conclusion, serum adiponectin concentration may be regulated via the vagus nerve in normal mice, whereas a reduction of hepatic Fgf21 mRNA by bile acids may also lower serum adiponectin levels. Moreover, the LD may promote hepatic AMP accumulation and subsequently increase the serum urate concentration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Hashimoto
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Nagata
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kyu-Ho Han
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
| | - Manabu Wakagi
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishikawa-Takano
- Division of Food Function Research, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Michihiro Fukushima
- Department of Life and Food Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Ding FF, Li M, Wang T, Zhou NN, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Influence of dietary sodium taurocholate on the growth performance and liver health of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:319-330. [PMID: 36044098 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are a class of cholesterol-derived amphipathic molecules approved as new animal feed additives. However, the functional researches mainly focused on BAs mixture, and the influence of the individual BA on fishes was still limited. In the present study, Nile tilapia were fed basal diet with three levels of sodium taurocholate at 0 mg/kg (CON), 300 mg/kg (TCAL), and 600 mg/kg (TCAH) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that addition of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance. Instead, TCAH group had higher cholesterol accumulation with liver fibrosis. In TCAH group, the level of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (nrf2) signaling-associated oxidative stress factors significantly increased in the liver. Additionally, fish in TCAH group had the highest expression level of genes encoding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammatory cytokines in the liver. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate did not significantly influence the growth performance of fish, while 600 mg/kg of sodium taurocholate markedly induced cholesterol accumulation and liver injury, suggesting that the application of taurocholic acid in aquafeed should be re-evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Ding
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Li
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhou
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Qiao
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Du
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- LANEH, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Su C, Wang J, Luo H, Chen J, Lin F, Mo J, Xiong F, Zha L. Gut Microbiota Plays Essential Roles in Soyasaponin's Preventive Bioactivities against Steatohepatitis in the Methionine and Choline Deficient (MCD) Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300561. [PMID: 38234006 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota (GM) is involved in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. Phytochemicals soyasaponins can prevent NASH possibly by modulating GM. This study aims to investigate the preventive bioactivities of soyasaponin monomers (SS-A1 and SS-Bb) against NASH and explores the mechanisms by targeting GM. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are fed with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet containing SS-A1 , SS-Bb, or not for 16 weeks. Antibiotics-treated pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice are fed with MCD diet containing SS-A1 , SS-Bb, or not for 8 weeks. GM is determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bile acids (BAs) are measured by UPLC-MS/MS. In NASH mice, SS-A1 and SS-Bb alleviate steatohepatitis and fibrosis, reduce ALT, AST, and LPS in serum, decrease TNF-α, IL-6, α-SMA, triglycerides, and cholesterol in liver. SS-A1 and SS-Bb decrease Firmicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae, unidentified-Clostridiales, Eggerthellaceae, Atopobiaceae, Aerococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Gemella, Rikenella, increase Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansiaceae, Romboutsia, and Roseburia. SS-A1 and SS-Bb alter BAs composition in liver, serum, and feces, activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and ileum, increase occludin and ZO-1 in intestine. However, GM clearance abrogates the preventive bioactivities of SS-A1 and SS-Bb against NASH. CONCLUSION GM plays essential roles in soyasaponin's preventive bioactivities against steatohepatitis in MCD diet-induced NASH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhong Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiexian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Mo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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Rodrigues SG, van der Merwe S, Krag A, Wiest R. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101859. [PMID: 38219459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Rodrigues
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
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Xie Q, Hu X, Zhao X, Xiang Z, Chen Q, Xie Z, Wang H, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Wang C. Effects and mechanism of extracts rich in phenylpropanoids-polyacetylenes and polysaccharides from Codonopsis Radix on improving scopolamine-induced memory impairment of mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117106. [PMID: 37652198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive developmental neurodegenerative disease that primarily develops in old age. Memory impairment is an important manifestation of AD. It has been demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress are important mediators in the development and progression of AD. Codonopsis Radix (CR) has a long history of consumption, exhibiting lots of beneficial health effects, including anti-ageing, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, studies on the effects of CR on scopolamine-induced amnesia have rarely been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of macromolecular portion (polysaccharides, POL) and small molecule portion (fine extract rich in phenylpropanoids-polyacetylenes, EPP) from CR on improving scopolamine-induced memory impairment and to elucidate the potential mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with EPP (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg), POL (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g/kg), and donepezil (5 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) to induce memory impairment. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing, histopathological, western blotting, and biochemical analysis (various biochemical markers and protein expressions related to cholinergic system, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation) were performed to further elucidate the mechanism of action. Moreover, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities of POL, EPP, and its main compounds tangshenoside I, lobetyol, lobetyolin, and lobetyolinin were evaluated. RESULTS Experiments have confirmed that both POL and EPP from CR could improve scopolamine-induced spatial learning memory deficits. Both of them could regulate cholinergic function by inhibiting AChE and activating choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities. They also could enhance antioxidant defense via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and anti-inflammatory function through suppressing inflammatory factors (nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6) and regulating gut flora. Besides, in vitro experiments demonstrated that four monomeric compounds and EPP, except POL, exhibited inhibition of AChE activity. CONCLUSION EPP and POL from CR exert a beneficial effect on learning and memory processes in mice with scopolamine-induced memory impairment. CR may be a promising medicine for preventing and improving learning memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianrun Hu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zedong Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qianping Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhejun Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hanxue Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yonglin Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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42
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Yang D, Lyu C, He K, Pang K, Guo Z, Wu D. Bile Acid Diarrhea: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in the Era of Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1544. [PMID: 38338820 PMCID: PMC10855108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is a multifaceted intestinal disorder involving intricate molecular mechanisms, including farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Current diagnostic methods encompass bile acid sequestrants (BAS), 48-h fecal bile acid tests, serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) testing, and 75Selenium HomotauroCholic acid test (75SeHCAT). Treatment primarily involves BAS and FXR agonists. However, due to the limited sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic methods, as well as suboptimal treatment efficacy and the presence of side effects, there is an urgent need to establish new diagnostic and treatment methods. While prior literature has summarized various diagnostic and treatment methods and the pathogenesis of BAD, no previous work has linked the two. This review offers a molecular perspective on the clinical diagnosis and treatment of BAD, with a focus on FXR, FGFR4, and TGR5, emphasizing the potential for identifying additional molecular mechanisms as treatment targets and bridging the gap between diagnostic and treatment methods and molecular mechanisms for a novel approach to the clinical management of BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyu Yang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Chengzhen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Kun He
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Ke Pang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ziqi Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (D.Y.); (K.P.); (Z.G.)
| | - Dong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; (C.L.); (K.H.)
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43
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Zhang L, Chen J, Yang X, Shen C, Huang J, Zhang D, Liu N, Liu C, Zhong Y, Chen Y, Tang K, Guo J, Cui T, Duan S, Li J, Huang S, Pan H, Zhang H, Tang X, Chang Y, Gao Y. Hepatic Zbtb18 (Zinc Finger and BTB Domain Containing 18) alleviates hepatic steatohepatitis via FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor). Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38263084 PMCID: PMC10806020 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A lasting imbalance between fatty acid synthesis and consumption leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), coupled with hepatitis and insulin resistance. Yet the details of the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we unraveled that the expression of the transcription factor Zbtb18 is markedly decreased in the livers of both patients and murine models of NAFLD. Hepatic Zbtb18 knockout promoted NAFLD features like impaired energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and induced insulin resistance. Conversely, hepatic Zbtb18 overexpression alleviated hepato-steatosis, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) or in diabetic mice. Notably, in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies revealed that Zbtb18 transcriptional activation of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) mediated FAO and Clathrin Heavy Chain (CLTC) protein hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activity. This key mechanism by which hepatocyte's Zbtb18 expression alleviates NAFLD and consequent liver fibrosis was further verified by FXR's deletion and forced expression in mice and cultured mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs). Moreover, CLTC deletion significantly abrogated the hepatic Zbtb18 overexpression-driven inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages. Altogether, Zbtb18 transcriptionally activates the FXR-mediated FAO and CLTC expression, which inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome's activity alleviating inflammatory stress and insulin resistance, representing an attractive remedy for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuangpeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Naihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yadi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Chen C, Zhang B, Tu J, Peng Y, Zhou Y, Yang X, Yu Q, Tan X. Discovery of 4-aminophenylacetamide derivatives as intestine-specific farnesoid X receptor antagonists for the potential treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115992. [PMID: 38043493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a key role in bile acid homeostasis, inflammation, fibrosis, lipid and glucose metabolism and is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Emerging evidence suggested that intestine-specific FXR antagonists exhibited remarkable metabolic improvements and slowed NASH progression. In this study, we discovered several potent FXR antagonists using a multistage ligand- and structure-based virtual screening approach. Notably, compound V023-9340, which possesses a 4-aminophenylacetamide scaffold, emerged as the most potent FXR antagonist with an IC50 value of 4.27 μM. In vivo, V023-9340 demonstrated selective accumulation in the intestine, substantially ameliorating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH in mice by mitigating hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Mechanistic studies revealed that V023-9340 strongly inhibited intestinal FXR while concurrently feedback-activated hepatic FXR. Further structure-activity relationship optimization employing V023-9340 has resulted in the synthesis of a more efficacious compound V02-8 with an IC50 value of 0.89 μM, which exhibited a 4.8-fold increase in FXR antagonistic activity compared to V023-9340. In summary, 4-aminophenylacetamide derivative V023-9340 represented a novel intestine-specific FXR antagonist and showed improved effects against HFD-induced NASH in mice, which may serve as a promising lead in discovering potential therapeutic drugs for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yanfen Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Yihuan Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Xinping Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China
| | - Qiming Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure Omics and Life Cycle Health, College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
| | - Xiangduan Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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Groenen C, Nguyen TA, Paulusma C, van de Graaf S. Bile salt signaling and bile salt-based therapies in cardiometabolic disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:1-21. [PMID: 38180064 PMCID: PMC10767275 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Bile salts have an established role in the emulsification and intestinal absorption of dietary lipids, and their homeostasis is tightly controlled by various transporters and regulators in the enterohepatic circulation. Notably, emerging evidence points toward bile salts as major modulators of cardiometabolic disease (CMD), an umbrella disease of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels that is caused by systemic metabolic diseases such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the latter encompassing also metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). The underlying mechanisms of protective effects of bile salts are their hormonal properties, enabling them to exert versatile metabolic effects by activating various bile salt-responsive signaling receptors with the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) as most extensively investigated. Activation of FXR and TGR5 is involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, and inflammation. Bile salt-based therapies directly targeting FXR and TGR5 signaling have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential in CMD. More recently, therapeutics targeting bile salt transporters thereby modulating bile salt localization, dynamics, and signaling, have been developed and evaluated in CMD. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the contribution of bile salt signaling in the pathogenesis of CMD and the potential of bile salt-based therapies for the treatment of CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C.J. Groenen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Thuc-Anh Nguyen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, The Netherlands
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Shibo C, Sili W, Yanfang Q, Shuxiao G, Susu L, Xinlou C, Yongsheng Z. Emerging trends and hotspots in the links between the bile acids and NAFLD from 2002 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e460. [PMID: 37941122 PMCID: PMC10782058 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome of the liver, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that bile acids are associated with NAFLD. Although many studies on bile acids and NAFLD have been published over the past 20 years, the authors of this study have not found a relevant bibliometric analysis in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the trend of publications, summarize current research hotspots and predict future research directions through bibliometric analysis in this field. METHOD Articles related to bile acids and NAFLD published between 2002 and 2022 were obtained from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometric Online Analysis Platform were used to analyse the publication trends and research hotspots in this field. RESULTS Among the articles published between 2002 and 2022, we retrieved 1284 articles related to bile acids and NAFLD, and finally included 568 articles. The USA was dominant until 2020, after which China surpassed the USA to become the dominant force. These two countries cooperate the most closely, and are also the most active in international cooperation. The University of California (UCL) was the most published institution, with a total of 31 publications. There were six authors who have published nine articles and ranked first. The keywords cluster labels show the 10 main clusters: #0fatty liver, #1obeticholic acid, #2oxidative stress, #37 alpha hydroxy 4 cholesten 3 one, #4deoxycholic acid, #5nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, #6mouse model, #7fibroblast growth factor 21, #8animal models, #9high-fat diet. Keywords burst analysis revealed a higher intensity of study for the nuclear receptor, FXR, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Bile acids have become an important research direction in the field of NAFLD, and the intervention of gut microbiota in NAFLD by acting on bile acids may become a potential hotspot for future research. This study provides reference and guidance for future research, and will help scholars better explore the field and innovatively discover the mechanisms and treatments of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shibo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wang Sili
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Yanfang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Gu Shuxiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Liu Susu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Chai Xinlou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Zhang Yongsheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongfang HospitalBeijingChina
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Yang Z, Danzeng A, Liu Q, Zeng C, Xu L, Mo J, Pingcuo C, Wang X, Wang C, Zhang B, Zhang B. The Role of Nuclear Receptors in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:113-126. [PMID: 38164174 PMCID: PMC10750283 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.87305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global health burden closely linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The complex pathophysiology of NAFLD involves multiple cellular pathways and molecular factors. Nuclear receptors (NRs) have emerged as crucial regulators of lipid metabolism and inflammation in NAFLD, offering potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Targeting PPARs and FXRs has shown promise in ameliorating NAFLD symptoms and halting disease progression. However, further investigation is needed to address side effects and personalize therapy approaches. This review summarizes the current understanding of the involvement of NRs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and explores their therapeutic potential. We discuss the role of several NRs in modulating lipid homeostasis in the liver, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), liver X receptors (LXRs), farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), REV-ERB, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR).The expanding knowledge of NRs in NAFLD offers new avenues for targeted therapies, necessitating exploration of novel treatment strategies and optimization of existing approaches to combat this increasingly prevalent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Yang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Awang Danzeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiumeng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chenglong Zeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jie Mo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ciren Pingcuo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department and Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Binhao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Yang J, Chen X, Liu T, Shi Y. Potential role of bile acids in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122279. [PMID: 37995935 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common acute gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. Recent studies have found that NEC is not only caused by changes in the intestinal environment but also by the failure of multiple systems and organs, including the liver. The accumulation of bile acids (BAs) in the ileum and the disorder of ileal BA transporters are related to the ileum injury of NEC. Inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-18 secreted by NEC also play an important role in regulating intrahepatic BA transporters. As an important link connecting the liver and intestinal circulation, the bile acid metabolic pathway plays an important role in the regulation of intestinal microbiota, cell proliferation, and barrier protection. In this review, we focus on how bile acids explore the dynamic changes of bile acid metabolism in necrotizing enterocolitis and the potential therapeutic value of targeting the bile acid signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Tzur Y, Winek K, Madrer N, Dubnov S, Bennett ER, Greenberg DS, Hanin G, Gammal A, Tam J, Arkin IT, Paldor I, Soreq H. Lysine tRNA fragments and miR-194-5p co-regulate hepatic steatosis via β-Klotho and perilipin 2. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101856. [PMID: 38141848 PMCID: PMC10805669 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves hepatic accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets via incompletely understood processes. Here, we report distinct and cooperative NAFLD roles of LysTTT-5'tRF transfer RNA fragments and microRNA miR-194-5p. METHODS Combined use of diet induced obese mice with human-derived oleic acid-exposed Hep G2 cells revealed new NAFLD roles of LysTTT-5'tRF and miR-194-5p. RESULTS Unlike lean animals, dietary-induced NAFLD mice showed concurrent hepatic decrease of both LysTTT-5'tRF and miR-194-5p levels, which were restored following miR-132 antisense oligonucleotide treatment which suppresses hepatic steatosis. Moreover, exposing human-derived Hep G2 cells to oleic acid for 7 days co-suppressed miR-194-5p and LysTTT-5'tRF levels while increasing lipid accumulation. Inversely, transfecting fattened cells with a synthetic LysTTT-5'tRF mimic elevated mRNA levels of the metabolic regulator β-Klotho while decreasing triglyceride amounts by 30% within 24 h. In contradistinction, antisense suppression of miR-194-5p induced accumulation of its novel target, the NAFLD-implicated lipid droplet-coating PLIN2 protein. Further, two out of 15 steatosis-alleviating screened drug-repurposing compounds, Danazol and Latanoprost, elevated miR-194-5p or LysTTT-5'tRF levels. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the different yet complementary roles of miR-194-5p and LysTTT-5'tRF and offer new insights into the complex roles of small non-coding RNAs and the multiple pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonat Tzur
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Katarzyna Winek
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nimrod Madrer
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Serafima Dubnov
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Estelle R Bennett
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S Greenberg
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Geula Hanin
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaad Gammal
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isaiah T Arkin
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Iddo Paldor
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Neurosurgery Department, Main Building, 10th Floor, 12 Shmu'el Bait Street, Jerusalem, 9103102 Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Kunst RF, Bolt I, van Dasselaar RD, Nijmeijer BA, Beuers U, Oude Elferink RP, van de Graaf SF. Combined inhibition of bile salt synthesis and intestinal uptake reduces cholestatic liver damage and colonic bile salts in mice. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100917. [PMID: 38074508 PMCID: PMC10701132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestine-restricted inhibitors of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, or ileal bile acid transporter) are approved as treatment for several inheritable forms of cholestasis but are also associated with abdominal complaints and diarrhoea. Furthermore, blocking ASBT as a single therapeutic approach may be less effective in moderate to severe cholestasis. We hypothesised that interventions that lower hepatic bile salt synthesis in addition to intestinal bile salt uptake inhibition provide added therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cholestatic disorders. Here, we test combination therapies of intestinal ASBT inhibition together with obeticholic acid (OCA), cilofexor, and the non-tumorigenic fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15)/fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogue aldafermin in a mouse model of cholestasis. METHODS Wild-type male C57Bl6J/OlaHsd mice were fed a 0.05% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet and received daily oral gavage with 10 mg/kg OCA, 30 mg/kg cilofexor, 10 mg/kg ASBT inhibitor (Linerixibat; ASBTi), or a combination. Alternatively, wild-type male C57Bl6J/OlaHsd mice were injected with adeno-associated virus vector serotype 8 (AAV8) to express aldafermin, to repress bile salt synthesis, or to control AAV8. During a 3-week 0.05% DDC diet, mice received daily oral gavage with 10 mg/kg ASBTi or placebo control. RESULTS Combination therapy of OCA, cilofexor, or aldafermin with ASBTi effectively reduced faecal bile salt excretion. Compared with ASBTi monotherapy, aldafermin + ASBTi further lowered plasma bile salt levels. Cilofexor + ASBTi and aldafermin + ASBTi treatment reduced plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and fibrotic liver immunohistochemistry stainings. The reduction in inflammation and fibrogenesis in mice treated with cilofexor + ASBTi or aldafermin + ASBTi was confirmed by gene expression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Combining pharmacological intestinal bile salt uptake inhibition with repression of bile salt synthesis may form an effective treatment strategy to reduce liver injury while dampening the ASBTi-induced colonic bile salt load. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Combined treatment of intestinal ASBT inhibition with repression of bile salt synthesis by farnesoid X receptor agonism (using either obeticholic acid or cilofexor) or by expression of aldafermin ameliorates liver damage in cholestatic mice. In addition, compared with ASBT inhibitor monotherapy, combination treatments lower colonic bile salt load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F. Kunst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Bolt
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ulrich Beuers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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