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Covello C, Becherucci G, Di Vincenzo F, Del Gaudio A, Pizzoferrato M, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Scaldaferri F, Mentella MC. Parenteral Nutrition, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Gut Barrier: An Intricate Plot. Nutrients 2024; 16:2288. [PMID: 39064731 PMCID: PMC11279609 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition poses a critical challenge in inflammatory bowel disease, with the potential to detrimentally impact medical treatment, surgical outcomes, and general well-being. Parenteral nutrition is crucial in certain clinical scenarios, such as with patients suffering from short bowel syndrome, intestinal insufficiency, high-yielding gastrointestinal fistula, or complete small bowel obstruction, to effectively manage malnutrition. Nevertheless, research over the years has attempted to define the potential effects of parenteral nutrition on the intestinal barrier and the composition of the gut microbiota. In this narrative review, we have gathered and analyzed findings from both preclinical and clinical studies on this topic. Based on existing evidence, there is a clear correlation between short- and long-term parenteral nutrition and negative effects on the intestinal system. These include mucosal atrophic damage and immunological and neuroendocrine dysregulation, as well as alterations in gut barrier permeability and microbiota composition. However, the mechanistic role of these changes in inflammatory bowel disease remains unclear. Therefore, further research is necessary to effectively address the numerous gaps and unanswered questions pertaining to these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Covello
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Guia Becherucci
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Di Vincenzo
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Angelo Del Gaudio
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Marco Pizzoferrato
- UOC Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- UOC Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (G.C.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Gastroenterology Department, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (F.D.V.); (A.D.G.); (A.G.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro di Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente (CEMAD), Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (F.S.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mentella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Addominali ed Endocrino-Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Katsumata E, Tsuruta T, Sonoyama K, Yoshida T, Sasaki M, Teraoka M, Wang T, Nishino N. Unabsorbed Fecal Fat Content Correlates with a Reduction of Immunoglobulin a Coating of Gut Bacteria in High-Lard Diet-Fed Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024:e2400078. [PMID: 38965658 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Immunoglobulin A (IgA) selectively coats gut bacteria and contributes to regulatory functions in gastrointestinal inflammation and glucose metabolism. Excess intake of lard leads to decrease in the IgA coating of gut bacteria, although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study validates how unabsorbed fat derived from a high-lard diet in the gut affects the IgA coating of bacteria, as assessed in mouse models using three types of dietary fat (lard, medium-, and long-chain triglycerides [MLCTs], and medium-chain triglycerides [MCTs]) exhibiting different digestibilities. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice are maintained on diets containing lard, MLCTs, or MCTs at 7% or 30% w/w for 10 weeks (n = 6 per group). The fecal fatty acid concentration is measured to quantify unabsorbed fat content. The ratio of IgA-coated bacteria to total bacteria (IgA coating ratio) in the feces is measured by flow cytometry. Compared to lard-fed mice, MLCT- and MCT-fed mice exhibit lower fecal concentrations of palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid and higher IgA coating ratios at both 7% and 30% dietary fat, and these parameters exhibit significant negative correlations. CONCLUSION Unabsorbed fat content in the gut may result in attenuated IgA coating of bacteria in high-lard diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Katsumata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsuruta
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kei Sonoyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Mio Sasaki
- TAIYO YUSHI Corporation, Yokohama, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Mao Teraoka
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tianyang Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishino
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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3
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Zhao M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu K, Bao K, Li G. Impact of Pediococcus acidilactici GLP06 supplementation on gut microbes and metabolites in adult beagles: a comparative analysis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1369402. [PMID: 38633690 PMCID: PMC11021720 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1369402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the potential health benefits of probiotics for both humans and animals. The study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding the canine-derived probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici GLP06 to adult beagles by analysing the microbiome and metabolome. Twenty-four healthy adult beagles were randomly assigned to four groups. The CK group received a standard diet, while the three probiotic groups, the LG group (2 × 108 CFU/day/dog), MG group (2 × 109 CFU/day/dog), and HG group (2 × 1010 CFU/day/dog), received the standard diet supplemented with varying amounts of probiotics. The results show that, compared to the CK group, total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the MG and HG groups (p < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly increased in the HG group (p < 0.05). Compared to the CK group, malondialdehyde and blood urea nitrogen content were significantly decreased in the MG and HG groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, secretory immunoglobulin A activity was significantly increased in the HG group compared to the CK and LG groups (p < 0.05), and immunoglobulin G activity was significantly increased in the HG group compared to the CK, LG, and MG groups (p < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CK group, the abundance of Faecalitalea and Collinsella increased in the LG group, and the relative abundance of Tyzzerella and Parasutterella increased in the MG group. The α diversity and the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A1316, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005) were higher in the HG group than in the CK group. Furthermore, acetic acid content was significantly increased in the HG group compared to the CK, LG, and MG groups (p < 0.05). Butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and the total SCFA content were significantly increased in the HG group compared to the CK group (p < 0.05). Moreover, metabolome analysis revealed 111 upregulated and 171 downregulated metabolites in the HG group. In conclusion, this study presents evidence that supplementing with P. acidilactici GLP06 can have a positive impact on antioxidant activity, immunoproteins, SCFAs, and gut microbiota in adult beagles. These findings highlight the potential of probiotics as a dietary intervention to enhance gut health and overall wellbeing in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueyao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Keyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyu Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Rajasekaran A, Green TJ, Renfrow MB, Julian BA, Novak J, Rizk DV. Current Understanding of Complement Proteins as Therapeutic Targets for the Treatment of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. Drugs 2023; 83:1475-1499. [PMID: 37747686 PMCID: PMC10807511 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and a frequent cause of kidney failure. Currently, the diagnosis necessitates a kidney biopsy, with routine immunofluorescence microscopy revealing IgA as the dominant or co-dominant immunoglobulin in the glomerular immuno-deposits, often with IgG and sometimes IgM or both. Complement protein C3 is observed in most cases. IgAN leads to kidney failure in 20-40% of patients within 20 years of diagnosis and reduces average life expectancy by about 10 years. There is increasing clinical, biochemical, and genetic evidence that the complement system plays a paramount role in the pathogenesis of IgAN. The presence of C3 in the kidney immuno-deposits differentiates the diagnosis of IgAN from subclinical glomerular mesangial IgA deposition. Markers of complement activation via the lectin and alternative pathways in kidney-biopsy specimens are associated with disease activity and are predictive of poor outcome. Levels of select complement proteins in the circulation have also been assessed in patients with IgAN and found to be of prognostic value. Ongoing genetic studies have identified at least 30 loci associated with IgAN. Genes within some of these loci encode complement-system regulating proteins that can interact with immune complexes. The growing appreciation for the central role of complement components in IgAN pathogenesis highlighted these pathways as potential treatment targets and sparked great interest in pharmacological agents targeting the complement cascade for the treatment of IgAN, as evidenced by the plethora of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Rajasekaran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Todd J Green
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dana V Rizk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Zhang S, Han Y, Schofield W, Nicosia M, Karell PE, Newhall KP, Zhou JY, Musich RJ, Pan S, Valujskikh A, Sangwan N, Dwidar M, Lu Q, Stappenbeck TS. Select symbionts drive high IgA levels in the mouse intestine. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1620-1638.e7. [PMID: 37776865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is an important factor in maintaining homeostasis at mucosal surfaces, yet luminal IgA levels vary widely. Total IgA levels are thought to be driven by individual immune responses to specific microbes. Here, we found that the prebiotic, pectin oligosaccharide (pec-oligo), induced high IgA levels in the small intestine in a T cell-dependent manner. Surprisingly, this IgA-high phenotype was retained after cessation of pec-oligo treatment, and microbiome transmission either horizontally or vertically was sufficient to retain high IgA levels in the absence of pec-oligo. Interestingly, the bacterial taxa enriched in the overall pec-oligo bacterial community differed from IgA-coated microbes in this same community. Rather, a group of ethanol-resistant microbes, highly enriched for Lachnospiraceae bacterium A2, drove the IgA-high phenotype. These findings support a model of intestinal adaptive immunity in which a limited number of microbes can promote durable changes in IgA directed to many symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250000, P.R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul E Karell
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Kevin P Newhall
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Julie Y Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ryan J Musich
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Siyi Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohammed Dwidar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Center for Microbiome & Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Learner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Donaldson GP, Reis GL, Saad M, Mamede I, Chen G, DelGaudio NL, Zhang D, Aydin B, Harrer CE, Castro TB, Grivennikov S, Reis BS, Stadtmueller BM, Victora GD, Mucida D. Suppression of epithelial proliferation and tumorigenesis by immunoglobulin A. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.06.561290. [PMID: 37873082 PMCID: PMC10592636 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.06.561290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype produced across mammals and plays a specialized role in mucosal homeostasis 1 . Constantly secreted into the lumen of the intestine, IgA binds commensal microbiota to regulate their colonization and function 2,3 , with unclear implications for health. IgA deficiency is common in humans but is difficult to study due to its complex etiology and comorbidities 4-8 . Using genetically and environmentally controlled mice, here we show that IgA-deficient animals have a baseline alteration in the colon epithelium that increases susceptibility to multiple models of colorectal cancer. Transcriptome, imaging, and flow cytometry-based analyses revealed that, in the absence of IgA, colonic epithelial cells induce antibacterial factors and accelerate cell cycling in response to the microbiota. Oral treatment with IgA was sufficient to suppress aberrant epithelial proliferation independently of bacterial binding, suggesting that IgA provides a feedback signal to epithelial cells in parallel with its known roles in microbiome shaping. In a primary colonic organoid culture system, IgA directly suppresses epithelial growth. Conversely, the susceptibility of IgA-deficient mice to colorectal cancer was reversed by Notch inhibition to suppress the absorptive colonocyte developmental program, or by inhibition of the cytokine MIF, the receptor for which was upregulated in stem cells of IgA-deficient animals. These studies demonstrate a homeostatic function for IgA in tempering physiological epithelial responses to microbiota to maintain mucosal health.
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Abdukhakimova D, Dossybayeva K, Almukhamedova Z, Mukusheva Z, Assylbekova M, Zhangabylova D, Nurgaliyeva K, Boluspayeva N, Kulmangabetova K, Hasanova L, Tanko M, Poddighe D. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in children affected with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17479. [PMID: 37483758 PMCID: PMC10362258 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant antibody isotype in the human body, considering its presence on the mucosal surfaces, in addition to the amount circulating in the bloodstream. Serum IgA levels can be variably altered in several pathological settings. However, very few studies specifically investigated serum IgA in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). In the present study, we specifically assessed serum IgA levels in our cohort of patients affected with JIA. Methods In this cross-sectional study, serum IgA levels were measured in patients with JIA (and age-matched controls) and analyzed according to age class. The correlation of serum IgA levels with hematological, inflammatory, and disease activity parameters was assessed. Results No significant difference in the frequency of low IgA levels (according to the definition of complete and partial IgA deficiency) was observed between JIA patients and controls, overall. This pediatric study population showed a progressive increase of total serum IgA concentrations with age, as expected; however, in JIA patients aged 10-17 years, total IgA serum levels resulted to be significantly higher than in age-matched control subjects. No clear correlation between IgA levels and the examined inflammatory, hematological, and disease activity parameters was observed in JIA patients, except for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in oligoarticular JIA patients: here, serum IgA levels showed a positive and moderate covariation with ESR, which was also observed for disease activity (JADAS-10) in selected oJIA patients without biological therapy. Conclusions In our cohort of JIA patients, total serum IgA levels were not reduced and were actually increased in adolescents compared to controls. Larger studies are needed to confirm this finding, which cannot be certainly explained based on the available data in this study, even though JIA disease control and/or chronic inflammation may be implicated to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyora Abdukhakimova
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kuanysh Dossybayeva
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhaina Almukhamedova
- Program of Pediatric Rheumatology, Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Zaure Mukusheva
- Program of Pediatric Rheumatology, Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Maykesh Assylbekova
- Program of Pediatric Rheumatology, Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dilnaz Zhangabylova
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kadisha Nurgaliyeva
- Clinical Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology and Genetics, Republican Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurgul Boluspayeva
- Clinical Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology and Genetics, Republican Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Kenzhekhan Kulmangabetova
- Clinical Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology and Genetics, Republican Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Liliya Hasanova
- Pediatric Service, Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Matthew Tanko
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology and Genetics, Republican Diagnostic Center, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Dimitri Poddighe
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Program of Pediatric Rheumatology, Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
- Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Astana, Kazakhstan
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Sanchez-Russo L, Rajasekaran A, Bin S, Faith J, Cravedi P. The Gut and Kidney Crosstalk in Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1630-1639. [PMID: 36245664 PMCID: PMC9528376 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0002382022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy(IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. The working model for the pathogenesis of IgAN involves a multistep process starting from the production of galactose-deficient and polymeric immunoglobulin A-1 (gd-IgA1) that enters systemic circulation from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Galactose-deficient IgA are targeted by endogenous IgG, leading to the formation of circulating immune complexes that deposit in the mesangium and resulting in glomerular inflammation. Disease onset and relapses are often associated with gut infections, supporting the hypothesis that the gut plays an important pathogenic role. In the presence of microbial pathogens or food antigens, activated dendritic cells in the gut mucosa induce T cell dependent and independent B cell differentiation into IgA secreting plasma cells. In IgAN patients, this promotes the systemic release of mucosal gd-IgA1. Not all bacterial strains have the same capacity to elicit IgA production, and little is known about the antigen specificity of the pathogenic gd-IgA1. However, efficacy of treatments targeting gut inflammation support a pathogenic link between the bowel immune system and IgAN. Herein, we review the evidence supporting the role of gut inflammation in IgAN pathogenesis.
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9
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Di Marco Barros R, Fitzpatrick Z, Clatworthy MR. The gut-meningeal immune axis: Priming brain defense against the most likely invaders. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213031. [PMID: 35195681 PMCID: PMC8932540 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract contains trillions of microorganisms that exist symbiotically with the host due to a tolerant, regulatory cell–rich intestinal immune system. However, this intimate relationship with the microbiome inevitably comes with risks, with intestinal organisms being the most common cause of bacteremia. The vasculature of the brain-lining meninges contains fenestrated endothelium, conferring vulnerability to invasion by circulating microbes. We propose that this has evolutionarily led to close links between gut and meningeal immunity, to prime the central nervous system defense against the most likely invaders. This paradigm is exemplified by the dural venous sinus IgA defense system, where the antibody repertoire mirrors that of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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10
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Fleming A, Castro‐Dopico T, Clatworthy MR. B cell class switching in intestinal immunity in health and disease. Scand J Immunol 2022; 95:e13139. [PMID: 34978077 PMCID: PMC9285483 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of commensal microorganisms that collectively form the microbiome and make essential contributions to organism homeostasis. The intestinal immune system must tolerate these beneficial commensals, whilst preventing pathogenic organisms from systemic spread. Humoral immunity plays a key role in this process, with large quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig)A secreted into the lumen on a daily basis, regulating the microbiome and preventing bacteria from encroaching on the epithelium. However, there is an increasing appreciation of the role of IgG antibodies in intestinal immunity, including beneficial effects in neonatal immune development, pathogen and tumour resistance, but also of pathological effects in driving chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These antibody isotypes differ in effector function, with IgG exhibiting more proinflammatory capabilities compared with IgA. Therefore, the process that leads to the generation of different antibody isotypes, class-switch recombination (CSR), requires careful regulation and is orchestrated by the immunological cues generated by the prevalent local challenge. In general, an initiating signal such as CD40 ligation on B cells leads to the induction of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), but a second cytokine-mediated signal determines which Ig heavy chain is expressed. Whilst the cytokines driving intestinal IgA responses are well-studied, there is less clarity on how IgG responses are generated in the intestine, and how these cues might become dysfunctional in IBD. Here, we review the key mechanisms regulating class switching to IgA vs IgG in the intestine, processes that could be therapeutically manipulated in infection and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Tomas Castro‐Dopico
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Menna R. Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity UnitDepartment of MedicineCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cellular GeneticsWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research CentreCambridgeUK
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11
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Riedel S, Pheiffer C, Johnson R, Louw J, Muller CJF. Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Homeostasis Are Missing Links in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 12:833544. [PMID: 35145486 PMCID: PMC8821109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.833544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), place a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. The rising prevalence of obesity, a major risk factor for T2D, is mainly attributed to the adoption of Westernized diets and lifestyle, which cause metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Moreover, diet may also induce changes in the microbiota composition, thereby affecting intestinal immunity. The critical role of intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier function in the development of T2D is increasingly acknowledged, however, limited studies have investigated the link between intestinal function and metabolic disease. In this review, studies reporting specific roles of the intestinal immune system and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in metabolic disease are highlighted. Innate chemokine signaling, eosinophils, immunoglobulin A (IgA), T helper (Th) 17 cells and their cytokines were associated with obesity and/or dysregulated glucose homeostasis. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) emerged as critical modulators of obesity and glucose homeostasis through their effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling and decontamination. Furthermore, IECs create a link between microbial metabolites and whole-body metabolic function. Future in depth studies of the intestinal immune system and IECs may provide new opportunities and targets to develop treatments and prevention strategies for obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Riedel
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rabia Johnson
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
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12
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The Role of HLA in the Association between IgA Deficiency and Celiac Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8632861. [PMID: 35186163 PMCID: PMC8856801 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8632861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most frequent primary immune defect. Since SIgAD is not characterized by relevant infectious issues in most cases, it is often diagnosed during the diagnostic work up of several and different autoimmune disorders, which are associated with this primary immune defect. The genetic background of SIgAD is complex and three HLA haplotypes resulted to be more frequently associated with it; in detail, two of them include HLA-DQB1∗02 allelic variants, which are essential predisposing factors to develop Celiac Disease (CD). Here, we discuss the evidence regarding the role of HLA in the etiopathogenesis of SIgAD and its association with CD. Actually, the HLA region seems to play a modest role in the genetic predisposition to SIgAD and we may speculate that the association with the HLA-DQB1∗02 alleles (or haplotypes including them) could derive from its link with CD. Indeed, SIgAD and some related immunological alterations are likely to predispose to several autoimmune diseases (with and despite different HLA backgrounds), including CD, which is relatively common and directly associated with the HLA-DQB1∗02 allelic variants coding the DQ2 heterodimer. Further and specific studies are needed to make final conclusions in this regard.
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13
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Seaweed Supplementation Failed to Affect Fecal Microbiota and Metabolome as Well as Fecal IgA and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility in Adult Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082234. [PMID: 34438692 PMCID: PMC8388444 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated in dogs the dietary effects of intact seaweeds on some fecal bacterial populations and metabolites, fecal IgA and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Ten healthy adult dogs were enrolled in a 5 × 5 replicated Latin square design to evaluate five dietary treatments: control diet (CD); CD + Ascophyllum nodosum; CD + Undaria pinnatifida; CD + Saccharina japonica; CD + Palmaria palmata (n replicates per treatment = 10). Seaweeds were added to food at a daily dose of 15 g/kg. The CD contained silica as a digestion marker. Each feeding period lasted 28 d, with a 7 d wash-out in between. Feces were collected at days 21 and 28 of each period for chemical and microbiological analyses. Fecal samples were collected during the last five days of each period for ATTD assessment. Dogs showed good health conditions throughout the study. The fecal chemical parameters, fecal IgA and nutrient ATTD were not influenced by algal supplementation. Similarly, microbiological analyses did not reveal any effect by seaweed ingestion. In conclusion, algal supplementation at a dose of 15 g/kg of diet failed to exert noticeable effects on the canine fecal parameters evaluated in the present study.
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14
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Han S, Wen Y, Yang F, He P. Chicken Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) Protects Mice Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection Through Improving Intestinal Health and Immune Response. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:662710. [PMID: 33928047 PMCID: PMC8076637 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.662710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY), considered as a potential substitute for antibiotics, has been used for preventing pathogens infection in food, human and animals. This study investigated effects of IgY on growth, adhesion inhibitory and morphology of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 in vitro, and evaluated the protective effects of IgY on intestinal health and immune response of mice infected with ETEC in vivo. Sixty pathogen-free C57BL/6J (4-6 weeks of age) mice were divided into six treatments: control (neither IgY nor ETEC infection), ETEC infection, ETEC-infected mice treated with 250 μL of high-dose (32 mg/mL), medium-dose (16 mg/mL) or low-dose (8 mg/mL) anti-ETEC IgY, or ETEC-infected mice treated with 250 μL of non-specific IgY (16 mg/mL). Anti-ETEC IgY inhibited ETEC growth, reduced adherence of ETEC to intestinal epithelial cells J2 and damaged the morphology and integrity of ETEC cell. Oral administration of anti-ETEC IgY effectively ameliorated ETEC-induced clinical signs, reduced ETEC colonization and intestinal permeability, alleviated inflammatory response through reducing the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, improved intestinal morphology, and inhibited excessive activation of the mucosal immune response of challenged mice. The overall protective effects of high-dose and medium-dose anti-ETEC IgY against ETEC infection were more effective. These results suggest that anti-ETEC IgY may function as a promising novel prophylactic agent against enteric pathogens infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengfan Yang
- Hubei Shendi Biological Technology Co., LTD, Jingmen, China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Rajasekaran A, Julian BA, Rizk DV. IgA Nephropathy: An Interesting Autoimmune Kidney Disease. Am J Med Sci 2021; 361:176-194. [PMID: 33309134 PMCID: PMC8577278 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and progresses to end-stage kidney disease in up to 40% of patients about 20 years after diagnosis. Additionally, IgAN is associated with significant mortality. The diagnosis currently necessitates a kidney biopsy, as no biomarker sufficiently specific and sensitive is available to supplant the procedure. Patients display significant heterogeneity in the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, renal progression, and long-term outcomes across diverse racial and ethnic populations. Recent advances in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of the disease have led to the proposal of a four-hit hypothesis supporting an autoimmune process. To date, there is no disease-specific treatment but, with a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis, new therapeutic approaches are currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we examine the multiple facets and most recent advances of this interesting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Rajasekaran
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Bruce A Julian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Dana V Rizk
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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16
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Fitzpatrick Z, Frazer G, Ferro A, Clare S, Bouladoux N, Ferdinand J, Tuong ZK, Negro-Demontel ML, Kumar N, Suchanek O, Tajsic T, Harcourt K, Scott K, Bashford-Rogers R, Helmy A, Reich DS, Belkaid Y, Lawley TD, McGavern DB, Clatworthy MR. Gut-educated IgA plasma cells defend the meningeal venous sinuses. Nature 2020; 587:472-476. [PMID: 33149302 PMCID: PMC7748383 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system has historically been viewed as an immune-privileged site, but recent data have shown that the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contain a diverse population of immune cells1. So far, studies have focused on macrophages and T cells, but have not included a detailed analysis of meningeal humoral immunity. Here we show that, during homeostasis, the mouse and human meninges contain IgA-secreting plasma cells. These cells are positioned adjacent to dural venous sinuses: regions of slow blood flow with fenestrations that can potentially permit blood-borne pathogens to access the brain2. Peri-sinus IgA plasma cells increased with age and following a breach of the intestinal barrier. Conversely, they were scarce in germ-free mice, but their presence was restored by gut re-colonization. B cell receptor sequencing confirmed that meningeal IgA+ cells originated in the intestine. Specific depletion of meningeal plasma cells or IgA deficiency resulted in reduced fungal entrapment in the peri-sinus region and increased spread into the brain following intravenous challenge, showing that meningeal IgA is essential for defending the central nervous system at this vulnerable venous barrier surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fitzpatrick
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Gordon Frazer
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashley Ferro
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nicolas Bouladoux
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - John Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maria Luciana Negro-Demontel
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ondrej Suchanek
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamara Tajsic
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kirsten Scott
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adel Helmy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA
| | - Trevor D Lawley
- Host-Microbiota Interactions Laboratory, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dorian B McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MA, USA.
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Gaspardo A, Zannoni A, Turroni S, Barone M, Sabetti MC, Zanoni RG, Forni M, Brigidi P, Pietra M. Influence of Lactobacillus kefiri on Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal IgA Content of Healthy Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:146. [PMID: 32300601 PMCID: PMC7142251 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of gastrointestinal tract pathologies in dogs and the worrisome topic of antibiotic resistance have raised the need to look for new therapeutic frontiers. Of these, the use of probiotics represents a potential therapeutic alternative. Lactobacillus kefiri (Lk) is a species of Lactobacillus isolated from kefir. Previous studies have demonstrated that its administration in mice downregulates the expression of proinflammatory mediators and increases anti-inflammatory molecules in the gut immune system. It also regulates intestinal homeostasis, incrementing immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion. Since Lk has never been studied as a single probiotic in dogs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of Lk in dogs, and its effect on IgA secretion and on intestinal microbiota composition. Ten healthy dogs without a history of gastrointestinal diseases were included. The dogs received Lk at a dose of 107 live microorganisms orally, once daily for 30 days. The fecal samples were tested before administration, in the middle, at the end, and 30 days after discontinuation. The IgA secretion concentration and the microbiota composition were evaluated on the fecal samples. The results in this study suggested that Lk did not influence the concentration of IgA, nor significant changes of the intestinal microbiota were observed during and after the treatment. Therefore, additional studies are needed to investigate if a higher daily dosage of Lk can influence the intestinal homeostasis of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Gaspardo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Sabetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Renato Giulio Zanoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy.,Health Sciences and Technologies - Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (CIRI-SDV), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Italy
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18
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Yang C, Mogno I, Contijoch EJ, Borgerding JN, Aggarwala V, Li Z, Siu S, Grasset EK, Helmus DS, Dubinsky MC, Mehandru S, Cerutti A, Faith JJ. Fecal IgA Levels Are Determined by Strain-Level Differences in Bacteroides ovatus and Are Modifiable by Gut Microbiota Manipulation. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:467-475.e6. [PMID: 32075742 PMCID: PMC7213796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fecal IgA production depends on colonization by a gut microbiota. However, the bacterial strains that drive gut IgA production remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the IgA-inducing capacity of a diverse set of human gut microbial strains by monocolonizing mice with each strain. We identified Bacteroides ovatus as the species that best induced gut IgA production. However, this induction varied bimodally across different B. ovatus strains. The high IgA-inducing B. ovatus strains preferentially elicited more IgA production in the large intestine through the T cell-dependent B cell-activation pathway. Remarkably, a low-IgA phenotype in mice could be robustly and consistently converted into a high-IgA phenotype by transplanting a multiplex cocktail of high IgA-inducing B. ovatus strains but not individual ones. Our results highlight the critical importance of microbial strains in driving phenotype variation in the mucosal immune system and provide a strategy to robustly modify a gut immune phenotype, including IgA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ilaria Mogno
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eduardo J Contijoch
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joshua N Borgerding
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Varun Aggarwala
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Zhihua Li
- Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sophia Siu
- Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Drew S Helmus
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Catalan Institute for Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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19
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Epigenetic Therapy as a Putative Molecular Target to Modulate B Cell Biology and Behavior in the Context of Immunological Disorders. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:1589191. [PMID: 32090127 PMCID: PMC7031723 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1589191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone Deacetylase- (HDAC-) dependent epigenetic mechanisms have been widely explored in the last decade in different types of malignancies in preclinical studies. This effort led to the discovery and development of a range of new HDAC inhibitors (iHDAC) with different chemical properties and selective abilities. In fact, hematological malignancies were the first ones to have new iHDACs approved for clinical use, such as Vorinostat and Romidepsin for cutaneous T cell lymphoma and panobinostat for multiple myeloma. Besides these promising already approved iHDACs, we highlight a range of studies focusing on the HDAC-dependent epigenetic control of B cell development, behavior, and/or function. Here, we highlight 21 iHDACs which have been studied in the literature in the context of B cell development and/or dysfunction mostly focused on B cell lymphomagenesis. Regardless, we have identified 55 clinical trials using 6 out of 21 iHDACs to approach their putative roles on B cell malignancies; none of them focuses on peritoneal B cell populations. Since cells belonging to this peculiar body compartment, named B1 cells, may contribute to the development of autoimmune pathologies, such as lupus, a better understanding of the HDAC-dependent epigenetic mechanisms that control its biology and behavior might shed light on iHDAC use to manage these immunological dysfunctions. In this sense, iHDACs might emerge as a promising new approach for translational studies in this field. In this review, we discuss a putative role of iHDACs in the modulation of peritoneal B cell subpopulation's balance as well as their role as therapeutic agents in the context of chronic diseases mediated by peritoneal B cells.
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20
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Isobe J, Maeda S, Obata Y, Iizuka K, Nakamura Y, Fujimura Y, Kimizuka T, Hattori K, Kim YG, Morita T, Kimura I, Offermanns S, Adachi T, Nakao A, Kiyono H, Takahashi D, Hase K. Commensal-bacteria-derived butyrate promotes the T-cell-independent IgA response in the colon. Int Immunol 2019; 32:243-258. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the most abundant antibody isotype in the body, maintains a mutual relationship with commensal bacteria and acts as a primary barrier at the mucosal surface. Colonization by commensal bacteria induces an IgA response, at least partly through a T-cell-independent process. However, the mechanism underlying the commensal-bacteria-induced T-cell-independent IgA response has yet to be fully clarified. Here, we show that commensal-bacteria-derived butyrate promotes T-cell-independent IgA class switching recombination (CSR) in the mouse colon. Notably, the butyrate concentration in human stools correlated positively with the amount of IgA. Butyrate up-regulated the production of transforming growth factor β1 and all-trans retinoic acid by CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells, both of which are critical for T-cell-independent IgA CSR. This effect was mediated by G-protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41/FFA3) and GPR109a/HCA2, and the inhibition of histone deacetylase. The butyrate-induced IgA response reinforced the colonic barrier function, preventing systemic bacterial dissemination under inflammatory conditions. These observations demonstrate that commensal-bacteria-derived butyrate contributes to the maintenance of the gut immune homeostasis by facilitating the T-cell-independent IgA response in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Isobe
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintarou Maeda
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Obata
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keito Iizuka
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakamura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumiko Fujimura
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Kimizuka
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouya Hattori
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morita
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kimura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max-Plank-Institute for Heart and lung Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Takahiro Adachi
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Hase
- Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Castro-Dopico T, Dennison TW, Ferdinand JR, Mathews RJ, Fleming A, Clift D, Stewart BJ, Jing C, Strongili K, Labzin LI, Monk EJM, Saeb-Parsy K, Bryant CE, Clare S, Parkes M, Clatworthy MR. Anti-commensal IgG Drives Intestinal Inflammation and Type 17 Immunity in Ulcerative Colitis. Immunity 2019; 50:1099-1114.e10. [PMID: 30876876 PMCID: PMC6477154 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing condition with two subtypes, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in UC implicate a FCGR2A variant that alters the binding affinity of the antibody receptor it encodes, FcγRIIA, for immunoglobulin G (IgG). Here, we aimed to understand the mechanisms whereby changes in FcγRIIA affinity would affect inflammation in an IgA-dominated organ. We found a profound induction of anti-commensal IgG and a concomitant increase in activating FcγR signaling in the colonic mucosa of UC patients. Commensal-IgG immune complexes engaged gut-resident FcγR-expressing macrophages, inducing NLRP3- and reactive-oxygen-species-dependent production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and neutrophil-recruiting chemokines. These responses were modulated by the FCGR2A genotype. In vivo manipulation of macrophage FcγR signal strength in a mouse model of UC determined the magnitude of intestinal inflammation and IL-1β-dependent type 17 immunity. The identification of an important contribution of IgG-FcγR-dependent inflammation to UC has therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Castro-Dopico
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Thomas W Dennison
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - John R Ferdinand
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Rebeccah J Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Aaron Fleming
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Dean Clift
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Benjamin J Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Chenzhi Jing
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Konstantina Strongili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Edward J M Monk
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Miles Parkes
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinton CB10 1SA, UK.
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22
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Pierre JF. Gastrointestinal immune and microbiome changes during parenteral nutrition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G246-G256. [PMID: 28154012 PMCID: PMC5401992 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00321.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a lifesaving therapy that provides intravenous nutrition support to patients who cannot, or should not, feed via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Unfortunately, PN also carries certain risks related to infection and metabolic complications compared with enteral nutrition. In this review, an overview of PN and GI immune and microbiome changes is provided. PN impacts the gut-associated lymphoid tissue functions, especially adaptive immune cells, changes the intestinal epithelium and chemical secretions, and significantly alters the intestinal microbiome. Collectively, these changes functionally result in increased susceptibility to infectious and injurious challenge. Since PN remains necessary in large numbers of patients, the search to improve outcomes by stimulating GI immune function during PN remains of interest. This review closes by describing recent advances in using enteric nervous system neuropeptides or microbially derived products during PN, which may improve GI parameters by maintaining immunity and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. Pierre
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Interplay between microbial d-amino acids and host d-amino acid oxidase modifies murine mucosal defence and gut microbiota. Nat Microbiol 2016; 1:16125. [PMID: 27670111 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
L-Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins synthesized in ribosomes in all kingdoms of life, but d-amino acids (d-aa) have important non-ribosome-based functions(1). Mammals synthesize d-Ser and d-Asp, primarily in the central nervous system, where d-Ser is critical for neurotransmission(2). Bacteria synthesize a largely distinct set of d-aa, which become integral components of the cell wall and are also released as free d-aa(3,4). However, the impact of free microbial d-aa on host physiology at the host-microbial interface has not been explored. Here, we show that the mouse intestine is rich in free d-aa that are derived from the microbiota. Furthermore, the microbiota induces production of d-amino acid oxidase (DAO) by intestinal epithelial cells, including goblet cells, which secrete the enzyme into the lumen. Oxidative deamination of intestinal d-aa by DAO, which yields the antimicrobial product H2O2, protects the mucosal surface in the small intestine from the cholera pathogen. DAO also modifies the composition of the microbiota and is associated with microbial induction of intestinal sIgA. Collectively, these results identify d-aa and DAO as previously unrecognized mediators of microbe-host interplay and homeostasis on the epithelial surface of the small intestine.
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24
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Pierre JF, Busch RA, Kudsk KA. The gastrointestinal immune system: Implications for the surgical patient. Curr Probl Surg 2015; 53:11-47. [PMID: 26699624 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Pierre
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rebecca A Busch
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kenneth A Kudsk
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; Veterans Administration Surgical Services, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI.
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25
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Rezaei S, Faseleh Jahromi M, Liang JB, Zulkifli I, Farjam AS, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Effect of oligosaccharides extract from palm kernel expeller on growth performance, gut microbiota and immune response in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2414-20. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Liu SQ, Zhao JP, Fan XX, Liu GH, Jiao HC, Wang XJ, Sun SH, Lin H. Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the target of rapamycin complex 1, disrupts intestinal barrier integrity in broiler chicks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:323-30. [PMID: 26249793 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the intestinal barrier integrity, this study determined whether the rapamycin (RAPA)-sensitive target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway was involved in this process. Three groups of 4-day-old male chicks were randomly subjected to one of the following treatments for 6 days: high-dose RAPA [a specific inhibitor of TORC1; an intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 mg/kg body weight (BW), once daily at 09:00 hours], low-dose RAPA (0.4 mg/kg BW) and RAPA vehicle (control). Results showed that the RAPA treatment increased mortality, while decreasing villus height (p < 0.01), claudin 1 expression, content of immunoglobulin A (IgA), extent of TORC1 phosphorylation (p < 0.05), ratio of villus height to crypt depth (p < 0.01), and population of IgA-positive B cells in intestinal mucosa, particularly for the jejunum. Some aspects of these responses were dose dependent and appeared to result from weight loss. Together, RAPA exerts the expected inhibition of small intestinal development and IgA production in birds, suggesting the important role of TORC1 in gut barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Liu
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - J P Zhao
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - X X Fan
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - G H Liu
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - H C Jiao
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - X J Wang
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - S H Sun
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - H Lin
- Shandong Key Lab for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Liang F, Jiang S, Mo Y, Zhou G, Yang L. Consumption of Oxidized Soybean Oil Increased Intestinal Oxidative Stress and Affected Intestinal Immune Variables in Yellow-feathered Broilers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:1194-201. [PMID: 26104529 PMCID: PMC4478489 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of oxidized soybean oil in the diet of young chickens on growth performance and intestinal oxidative stress, and indices of intestinal immune function. Corn-soybean-based diets containing 2% mixtures of fresh and oxidized soybean oil provided 6 levels (0.15, 1.01, 3.14, 4.95, 7.05, and 8.97 meqO2/kg) of peroxide value (POV) in the diets. Each dietary treatment, fed for 22 d, had 6 replicates, each containing 30 birds (n = 1,080). Increasing POV levels reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the broilers during d 1 to 10, body weight and average daily gain at d 22 but did not affect overall ADFI. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in plasma and jejunum as POV increased but total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) declined in plasma and jejunum. Catalase (CAT) activity declined in plasma and jejunum as did plasma glutathione S-transferase (GST). Effects were apparent at POV exceeding 3.14 meqO2/kg for early ADFI and MDA in jejunum, and POV exceeding 1.01 meqO2/kg for CAT in plasma and jejunum, GST in plasma and T-AOC in jejunum. Relative jejunal abundance of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P50 and NF-κB P65 increased as dietary POV increased. Increasing POV levels reduced the jejunal concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 and CD8 molecules with differences from controls apparent at dietary POV of 3.14 to 4.95 meqO2/kg. These findings indicated that growth performance, feed intake, and the local immune system of the small intestine were compromised by oxidative stress when young broilers were fed moderately oxidized soybean oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Liang
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yi Mo
- Guangxi Research Center for Population and Family Planning, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Guilian Zhou
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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28
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Lee A, Kathrani A, Priestnall S, Smith K, Werling D, Allenspach K. Lack of Correlation between Mucosal Immunoglobulin A-positive Plasma Cell Numbers and TLR5 Genotypes in German Shepherd Dogs with Idiopathic Chronic Enteropathy. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152:201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Mouse intestinal innate immune responses altered by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:954-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The intestinal mucosa harbors the largest population of antibody (Ab)-secreting plasma cells (PC) in the human body, producing daily several grams of immunoglobulin A (IgA). IgA has many functions, serving as a first-line barrier that protects the mucosal epithelium from pathogens, toxins and food antigens (Ag), shaping the intestinal microbiota, and regulating host-commensal homeostasis. Signals induced by commensal colonization are central for regulating IgA induction, maintenance, positioning and function and the number of IgA(+) PC is dramatically reduced in neonates and germ-free (GF) animals. Recent evidence demonstrates that the innate immune effector molecules tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are required for IgA(+) PC homeostasis during the steady state and infection. Moreover, new functions ascribed to PC independent of Ab secretion continue to emerge, suggesting that PC, including IgA(+) PC, should be re-examined in the context of inflammation and infection. Here, we outline mechanisms of IgA(+) PC generation and survival, reviewing their functions in health and disease.
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Key Words
- AID, activation-induced deaminase
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- APRIL, a proliferation-inducing ligand
- Ab, antibody
- Ag, antigen
- Arg, arginase
- Atg, autophagy-related gene
- B cell
- BAFF, B-cell activating factor
- BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen
- BM, bone marrow
- Blimp, B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein
- CCL, CC chemokine ligand
- CCR, CC chemokine receptor
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CSR, class-switch recombination
- CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand
- DC, dendritic cell
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FDC, follicular dendritic cells
- FcαR, Fc fragment of IgA receptor
- GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissues
- GC, germinal center
- GF, germ-free
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- GRP, glucose-regulated proteins
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- IEC, intestinal epithelial cells
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- ILC, innate lymphoid cells
- ILF, isolated lymphoid follicles
- IRE, inositol-requiring enzyme
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- Id, inhibitor of DNA binding
- IgA, immunoglobulin A
- IgAD, selective IgA deficiency
- L-Arg, L-Arginine
- L-Cit, L-citrulline
- L-Glu, L-Glutamate
- L-Orn, L-Ornithine
- L-Pro, L-Proline
- LIGHT, homologous to lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes
- LP, lamina propria
- LT, lymphotoxinLTβR, LTβ-receptor
- LTi, lymphoid tissue-inducer
- LTo, lymphoid tissue organizing
- Ly, lymphocyte antigen
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MLN, mesenteric lymph nodes
- NO, nitric oxide
- PC, plasma cells
- PP, Peyer's patch
- Pax, paired box
- ROR, Retionic acid receptor (RAR)- or retinoid-related orphan receptor
- SC, stromal cells
- SHM, somatic hypermutation
- SIGNR, specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin-related
- SIgAsecretory IgA
- TACI, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor
- TD, T-dependent
- TFH, T-follicular helper cells
- TGFβR, transforming growth factor β receptor
- TI, T-independent
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNFR, TNF receptor
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- Th, T helper cell
- Treg, T-regulatory cell
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- XBP, X-box binding protein
- bcl, B-cell lymphoma
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine monophosphate
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- immunoglobulin A (IgA)
- inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
- innate immune recognition
- intestinal microbiota
- mucosa
- pIgA, polymeric IgA
- pIgR, polymeric Ig receptor
- plasma cell
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Department of Immunology; University of Toronto; Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Department of Physiology; Complex Traits Group; McGill University; Montreal, QC Canada,Correspondence to: Jörg H Fritz;
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31
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Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 induces TGF-β expression in dendritic cells and activates TLR2 signal to produce IgA in the small intestine. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105370. [PMID: 25144744 PMCID: PMC4140756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria provide benefits in enhancing host immune responses and protecting against infection. Induction of IgA production by oral administration of probiotic bacteria in the intestine has been considered to be one reason for this beneficial effect, but the mechanisms of the effect are poorly understood. Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) is a probiotic bacterium with properties such as bile tolerance, ability to improve the intestinal environment, and it has preventive effects related to abdominal adiposity. In this study, we have found that oral administration of LG2055 induced IgA production and increased the rate of IgA(+) cell population in Peyer's patch and in the lamina propria of the mouse small intestine. The LG2055 markedly increased the amount of IgA in a co-culture of B cells and bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDC), and TLR2 signal is critical for it. In addition, it is demonstrated that LG2055 stimulates BMDC to promote the production of TGF-β, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10, all critical for IgA production from B cells. Combined stimulation of B cells with BAFF and LG2055 enhanced the induction of IgA production. Further, TGF-β signal was shown to be critical for LG2055-induced IgA production in the B cell and BMDC co-culture system, but TGF-β did not induce IgA production in a culture of only B cells stimulated with LG2055. Furthermore, TGF-β was critical for the production of BAFF, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β itself from LG2055-stimulated BMDC. These results demonstrate that TGF-β was produced by BMDC stimulated with LG2055 and it has an autocrine/paracrine function essential for BMDC to induce the production of BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10.
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32
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Ren W, Chen S, Yin J, Duan J, Li T, Liu G, Feng Z, Tan B, Yin Y, Wu G. Dietary arginine supplementation of mice alters the microbial population and activates intestinal innate immunity. J Nutr 2014; 144:988-95. [PMID: 24670969 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.192120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, little is known about the function of arginine in the homeostasis of the intestinal immune system. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary arginine supplementation may alter intestinal microbiota and innate immunity in mice. Mice were fed a basal diet (containing 0.93% l-arginine; grams per gram) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.5% l-arginine for 14 d. We studied the composition of intestinal microbiota, the activation of innate immunity, and the expression of toll-like receptors (Tlrs), proinflammatory cytokines, and antimicrobials in the jejunum, ileum, or colon of mice. Signal transduction pathway activation in the jejunum and ileum, including TLR4-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/PI3K-protein kinase B (Akt), was analyzed by Western blotting. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that arginine supplementation induced (P < 0.05) a shift in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio to favor Bacteroidetes in the jejunum (0.33 ± 0.04 vs. 1.0 ± 0.22) and ileum (0.20 ± 0.08 vs. 1.0 ± 0.27) compared with the control group. This finding coincided with greater (P < 0.05) activation of the innate immune system, including TLR signaling, as well as expression of proinflammatory cytokines, secretory immunoglobulin A, mucins, and Paneth antimicrobials in the jejunum and ileum. Finally, arginine supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) expression of the proteins for NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways but activated (P < 0.05) p38 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase in the jejunum and the ileum, respectively. Collectively, dietary arginine supplementation of mice changes the intestinal microbiota, contributing to the activation of intestinal innate immunity through NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K-phosphorylated Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Ren
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Shuai Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Jie Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Jielin Duan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Tiejun Li
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Gang Liu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Zemeng Feng
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Bie Tan
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Yulong Yin
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China; and Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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33
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Bassols J, Prats-Puig A, Gispert-Saüch M, Crehuet-Almirall M, Carreras-Badosa G, Díaz-Roldán F, Montesinos-Costa M, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, López-Bermejo A. Increased serum IgG and IgA in overweight children relate to a less favourable metabolic phenotype. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9:232-8. [PMID: 23554403 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adaptive immune system has emerged as an unexpected modulator of insulin resistance. B lymphocytes accumulate in adipose tissue and produce pathogenic antibodies that cause insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE We studied whether circulating immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) were related to metabolic risk markers in pre-pubertal children with and without overweight. DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects were 270 asymptomatic pre-pubertal Caucasian children (145 lean, 125 overweight) recruited in a primary care setting. Assessments included serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations (nephelometry), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fasting lipids (triacylglycerol and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol). RESULTS Overweight children had higher IgG and IgA serum levels than lean children (P ≤ 0.01). Increasing serum IgG and IgA, but not IgM, were associated with a less favourable metabolic phenotype, consisting of higher HOMA-IR and triacylglycerol and lower HDL-cholesterol, particularly in obese children, in whom serum IgG and IgA were both independently associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.308, P = 0.017, r2 = 9.5% and β = 0.361, P = 0.005, r2 = 13.0%, respectively) and triacylglycerol (β = 0.343, P = 0.006, r2 = 11.1% and β = 0.354, P = 0.003, r2 = 12.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Increased circulating IgG and IgA in overweight children are associated with a less favourable metabolic phenotype, particularly in obese children. These results suggest a relationship between adaptive immunity and insulin resistance in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bassols
- Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, and Girona Institute for Biomedical Research, Girona, Spain
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Roy B, Brennecke AM, Agarwal S, Krey M, Düber S, Weiss S. An intrinsic propensity of murine peritoneal B1b cells to switch to IgA in presence of TGF-β and retinoic acid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82121. [PMID: 24324757 PMCID: PMC3855760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In the present study we have investigated the comparative switching propensity of murine peritoneal and splenic B cell subpopulations to IgA in presence of retinoic acid (RA) and TGF-β. Methods and Results To study the influence of RA and TGF-β on switching of B cell subpopulations to IgA, peritoneal (B1a, B1b and B2 cells) and splenic (B1a, marginal zone, and B2) B cells from normal BALB/c mice were FACS purified, cultured for 4 days in presence of RA and TGF-β and the number of IgA producing cells was determined by ELISPOT assay or FACS analysis. In presence of TGF-β, peritoneal B1b cells switched to IgA more potently than other peritoneal B cell subpopulations. When TGF-β was combined with retinoic acid (RA), switching to IgA was even more pronounced. Under these conditions, “innate” B cells like peritoneal and splenic B1 cells and MZ B cells produced IgA more readily than B2 cells. Additionally, high frequency of nucleotide exchanges indicating somatic hypermutation in VH regions was observed. Besides IgA induction, RA treatment of sorted PEC and splenic B cells led to expression of gut homing molecules - α4β7 and CCR9. Intraperitoneal transfer of RA-treated B1 cells into Rag1-/- recipients resulted in IgA in serum and gut lavage, most efficiently amongst B1b cell recipients. Conclusion Present study demonstrates the differential and synergistic effect of RA and TGF-β on switching of different B cell subpopulations to IgA and establishes the prominence of peritoneal B1b cells in switching to IgA under the influence of these two factors. Our study extends our knowledge about the existing differences among B cell subpopulations with regards to IgA production and indicates towards their differential contribution to gut associated humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnudeo Roy
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne-Margarete Brennecke
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Shiwani Agarwal
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Martina Krey
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Sandra Düber
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Papp M, Sipeki N, Vitalis Z, Tornai T, Altorjay I, Tornai I, Udvardy M, Fechner K, Jacobsen S, Teegen B, Sumegi A, Veres G, Lakatos PL, Kappelmayer J, Antal-Szalmas P. High prevalence of IgA class anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) is associated with increased risk of bacterial infection in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2013; 59:457-66. [PMID: 23639483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are a non-uniform family of antibodies recognizing diverse components of neutrophil granulocytes. ANCA formation might be induced by protracted bacterial infections or probably reflect an abnormal immune response to commensal microorganisms. Bacterial infections are common complications in cirrhosis with high incidence of episodes caused by enteric organisms, therefore, we sought to study the presence and clinical importance of ANCA in cirrhosis. METHODS Sera of 385 patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies were assayed for ANCA of IgG, IgA, IgA1, IgA2, and secretory IgA subtypes by indirect immunofluorescence and ELISAs. The control group comprised 202 patients with chronic liver diseases without cirrhosis and 100 healthy subjects. In cirrhosis, a 2-year follow-up, observational study was conducted to assess a possible association between the presence of ANCA and clinically significant bacterial infections. RESULTS Prevalence of ANCA IgA was significantly higher in cirrhosis (52.2%) compared to chronic liver diseases (18.6%) or healthy controls (0%, p<0.001 for both). ANCA IgA subtyping assays revealed marked increase in the proportion of IgA2 subtype (46% of total ANCA IgA) and presence of the secretory component concurrently. Presence of ANCA IgA was associated with disease-specific clinical characteristics (Child-Pugh stage and presence of ascites, p<0.001). During a 2-year follow-up period, risk of infections was higher among patients with ANCA IgA compared to those without (41.8% vs. 23.4%, p<0.001). ANCA IgA positivity was associated with a shorter time to the first infectious complication (pLogRank <0.001) in Kaplan-Meier analysis and was identified as an independent predictor in multivariate Cox-regression analysis (HR:1.74, 95% CI: 1.18-2.56, p=0.006). CONCLUSIONS Presence of IgA type ANCA is common in cirrhosis. Involvement of gut mucosal immune system is in center of their formation and probably reflects sustained exposure to bacterial constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papp
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Cho SH, Raybuck A, Wei M, Erickson J, Nam KT, Cox RG, Trochtenberg A, Thomas JW, Williams J, Boothby M. B cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic regulation of antibody responses by PARP14, an intracellular (ADP-ribosyl)transferase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3169-78. [PMID: 23956424 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to achieve sufficient concentrations of Ag-specific Ab of the appropriate isotypes is a critical component of immunity that requires efficient differentiation and interactions of Ag-specific B and Th cells along with dendritic cells. Numerous bacterial toxins catalyze mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation of mammalian proteins to influence cell physiology and adaptive immunity. However, little is known about biological functions of intracellular mammalian mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferases, such as any ability to regulate Ab responses. poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase 14 (PARP14), an intracellular protein highly expressed in lymphoid cells, binds to STAT6 and encodes a catalytic domain with mammalian mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase activity. In this article, we show that recall IgA as well as the STAT6-dependent IgE Ab responses are impaired in PARP14-deficient mice. Whereas PARP14 regulation of IgE involved a B cell-intrinsic process, the predominant impact on IgA was B cell extrinsic. Of note, PARP14 deficiency reduced the levels of Th17 cells and CD103⁺ DCs, which are implicated in IgA regulation. PARP14 enhanced the expression of RORα, Runx1, and Smad3 after T cell activation, and, importantly, its catalytic activity of PARP14 promoted Th17 differentiation. Collectively, the findings show that PARP14 influences the class distribution, affinity repertoire, and recall capacity of Ab responses in mice, as well as provide direct evidence of the requirement for protein mono-ADP-ribosylation in Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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37
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Diana J, Moura IC, Vaugier C, Gestin A, Tissandie E, Beaudoin L, Corthésy B, Hocini H, Lehuen A, Monteiro RC. Secretory IgA induces tolerogenic dendritic cells through SIGNR1 dampening autoimmunity in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2335-43. [PMID: 23926325 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IgA plays ambivalent roles in the immune system. The balance between inhibitory and activating responses relies on the multimerization status of IgA and interaction with their cognate receptors. In mucosal sites, secretory IgA (SIgA) protects the host through immune-exclusion mechanisms, but its function in the bloodstream remains unknown. Using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, we found that both human and mouse SIgA induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) following binding to specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin receptor 1. This interaction was dependent on Ca(2+) and mannose residues. SIgA-primed DCs (SIgA-DCs) are resistant to TLR-dependent maturation. Although SIgA-DCs fail to induce efficient proliferation and Th1 differentiation of naive responder T cells, they generate the expansion of regulatory T cells through IL-10 production. SIgA-DCs are highly potent in inhibiting autoimmune responses in mouse models of type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. This discovery may offer new insights about mucosal-derived DC immunoregulation through SIgA opening new therapeutic approaches to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Diana
- INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris 75014, France
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38
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Lopatin U, Blutt SE, Conner ME, Kelsall BL. Lymphotoxin alpha-deficient mice clear persistent rotavirus infection after local generation of mucosal IgA. J Virol 2013; 87:524-30. [PMID: 23097456 PMCID: PMC3536402 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01801-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is a major cause of pediatric diarrheal illness worldwide. To explore the role of organized intestinal lymphoid tissues in infection by and immunity to rotavirus, lymphotoxin alpha-deficient (LTα(-/-)) mice that lack Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes were orally infected with murine rotavirus. Systemic rotavirus was cleared within 10 days in both LTα(-/-) and wild-type mice, and both strains developed early and sustained serum antirotavirus antibody responses. However, unlike wild-type mice, which resolved the intestinal infection within 10 days, LTα(-/-) mice shed fecal virus for approximately 50 days after inoculation. The resolution of fecal virus shedding occurred concurrently with induction of intestinal rotavirus-specific IgA in both mouse strains. Induction of intestinal rotavirus-specific IgA in LTα(-/-) mice correlated with the (late) appearance of IgA-producing plasma cells in the small intestine. This, together with the absence of rotavirus-specific serum IgA, implies that secretory rotavirus-specific IgA was produced locally. These findings indicate that serum IgG responses are insufficient and imply that local intestinal IgA responses are important for the clearance of rotavirus from intestinal tissues. Furthermore, they show that while LTα-dependent lymphoid tissues are important for the generation of IgA-producing B cells in the intestine, they are not absolutely required in the setting of rotavirus infection. Moreover, the induction of local IgA-producing B cell responses can occur late after infection and in an LTα-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Lopatin
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margaret E. Conner
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian L. Kelsall
- Mucosal Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Chen L, Chen Z, Baker K, Halvorsen EM, da Cunha AP, Flak MB, Gerber G, Huang YH, Hosomi S, Arthur JC, Dery KJ, Nagaishi T, Beauchemin N, Holmes KV, Ho JWK, Shively JE, Jobin C, Onderdonk AB, Bry L, Weiner HL, Higgins DE, Blumberg RS. The short isoform of the CEACAM1 receptor in intestinal T cells regulates mucosal immunity and homeostasis via Tfh cell induction. Immunity 2012; 37:930-46. [PMID: 23123061 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule like I (CEACAM1) is expressed on activated T cells and signals through either a long (L) cytoplasmic tail containing immune receptor tyrosine based inhibitory motifs, which provide inhibitory function, or a short (S) cytoplasmic tail with an unknown role. Previous studies on peripheral T cells show that CEACAM1-L isoforms predominate with little to no detectable CEACAM1-S isoforms in mouse and human. We show here that this was not the case in tissue resident T cells of intestines and gut associated lymphoid tissues, which demonstrated predominant expression of CEACAM1-S isoforms relative to CEACAM1-L isoforms in human and mouse. This tissue resident predominance of CEACAM1-S expression was determined by the intestinal environment where it served a stimulatory function leading to the regulation of T cell subsets associated with the generation of secretory IgA immunity, the regulation of mucosal commensalism, and defense of the barrier against enteropathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfen Chen
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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40
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Lang ML, Zhu L, Kreth J. Keeping the bad bacteria in check: interactions of the host immune system with oral cavity biofilms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Messerschmidt K, Hempel S, Holzlöhner P, Ulrich RG, Wagner D, Heilmann K. IgA antibody production by intrarectal immunization of mice using recombinant major capsid protein of hamster polyomavirus. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2012; 2:231-8. [PMID: 24688770 DOI: 10.1556/eujmi.2.2012.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral proteins are highly antigenic and known as potent stimulators of adaptive immune responses. This mechanism is often used for biotechnological applications in monoclonal antibody production resulting in high-affinity IgG antibodies in most cases. The aim of this study was to increase antigen-specific IgA antibody levels in mice in order to generate monoclonal IgA antibodies by hybridoma technology. For this purpose, hamster polyomavirus (HaPyV) major capsid protein VP1 was used to immunize mice by different routes in order to induce VP1-specific IgA titers. Recombinant HaPyV-VP1 was generated in Escherichia coli and administered intraperitoneally, orally, and intrarectally. VP1-specific antibodies were determined by ELISA in sera and organ culture supernatants. We found a significant increase of HaPyV-VP1-specific IgAs in spleen organ cultures after rectal immunization of mice but not in cultures of mesenteric lymph nodes, colon, or Peyer's patches. In contrast, oral and intraperitoneal immunization did not provide an appropriate specific IgA induction at all. These results show that specific IgA antibodies can be induced by intrarectal immunization in the spleen. The generation of monoclonal IgA antibodies with well-defined properties is a useful tool for the investigation of mucosal immune responses or autoimmune diseases and extends the spectrum of antibodies with specific effector functions.
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42
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Yanagibashi T, Hosono A, Oyama A, Tsuda M, Suzuki A, Hachimura S, Takahashi Y, Momose Y, Itoh K, Hirayama K, Takahashi K, Kaminogawa S. IgA production in the large intestine is modulated by a different mechanism than in the small intestine: Bacteroides acidifaciens promotes IgA production in the large intestine by inducing germinal center formation and increasing the number of IgA+ B cells. Immunobiology 2012; 218:645-51. [PMID: 22940255 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that intestinal commensal bacteria induce immunoglobulin (Ig) A production by promoting the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues in the small intestine. However, the precise mechanism whereby these bacteria modulate IgA production in the large intestine, which harbors the majority of intestinal commensals, is poorly understood. In addition, it is not known which commensal bacteria induce IgA production in the small intestine and which induce production in the large intestine. To address these issues, we generated gnotobiotic mice mono-associated with different murine commensal bacteria by inoculating germ-free (GF) mice with Lactobacillus johnsonii or Bacteroides acidifaciens. In GF mice, IgA production was barely detectable in the small intestine and was not detected in the large intestine. Interestingly, total IgA secretion in the large intestinal mucosa of B. acidifaciens mono-associated (BA) mice was significantly greater than that of GF and L. johnsonii mono-associated (LJ) mice. However, there was no difference in total IgA production in the small intestine of GF, LJ and BA mice. In addition, in the large intestine of BA mice, the expression of IgA(+) cells and germinal center formation were more remarkable than in GF and LJ mice. Furthermore, B. acidifaciens-specific IgA was detected in the large intestine of BA mice. These results suggest that the production of IgA in the large intestine may be modulated by a different mechanism than that in the small intestine, and that B. acidifaciens is one of the predominant bacteria responsible for promoting IgA production in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yanagibashi
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Park HJ, Seoh JY, Han KH, Moon KR, Lee SS. The role of mucosal immunity in fungus ball of the paranasal sinuses. Acta Otolaryngol 2012; 132 Suppl 1:S58-62. [PMID: 22582784 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2012.659756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Increased levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, plasma cells, and lymphocytes without infiltration of other inflammatory cells suggest that mucosal immunity may play an important role in paranasal fungus ball. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the nasal mucosal immune responses to fungi to understand the pathogenesis of fungus ball. METHODS Five patients with fungus ball of the maxillary sinus were enrolled. Lavage samples were collected from both nasal cavities and the maxillary sinus of the affected side. Mucosal samples were taken from both inferior turbinates and the maxillary sinus of the affected side. Interleukin (IL)-4, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IgA levels in the lavage samples were measured. Cells were counted on the lamina propria of mucosa under an electron microscope. RESULTS No significant differences in levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ were observed between the three groups of lavage samples. However, a significant rise in IgA levels was observed in the lavage samples from the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus of the affected side compared with that of the contralateral nasal cavity. Infiltration of plasma cells and lymphocytes in mucosal samples from the inferior turbinate and maxillary sinus of the affected side was significantly increased compared with that from the contralateral inferior turbinate, but other inflammatory cells were few and showed no difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Harada Y, Tanaka S, Motomura Y, Harada Y, Ohno SI, Ohno S, Yanagi Y, Inoue H, Kubo M. The 3' enhancer CNS2 is a critical regulator of interleukin-4-mediated humoral immunity in follicular helper T cells. Immunity 2012; 36:188-200. [PMID: 22365664 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A main role for interleukin-4 (IL-4) is in humoral immunity, and follicular helper CD4(+) T (Tfh) cells may be an intrinsic IL-4 source. Here we demonstrate that conserved noncoding sequence 2 (CNS2) is an essential enhancer element for IL-4 expression in Tfh cells but not in Th2 cells. Mice with a CNS2 deletion had a reduction in IgG1 and IgE production and in IL-4 expression in Tfh cells. Tracking of CNS2 activity via a GFP reporter mouse demonstrated that CNS2-active cells expressed several markers of Tfh cells: CXCR5, PD-1, and ICOS; the transcriptional master regulator Bcl6; and the cytokines IL-21 and IL-4. These CNS2-active cells were mainly localized in B cell follicles and germinal centers. The GFP(+) Tfh cells were derived from GFP(-) naive T cells after in vivo systemic immunization. These results indicate that CNS2 is an essential enhancer element required for IL-4 expression in Tfh cells controlling humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Harada
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
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Danilova N. The evolution of adaptive immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 738:218-35. [PMID: 22399382 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1680-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The concept of adaptive immunity suggests de novo generation in each individual of extremely large repertoires of diversified receptors and selective expansion of receptors that match the antigen/pathogen. Accordingly, adaptive immune system is also called "anticipatory". It allows each individual to have a unique repertoire of immune receptors corresponding to its life history. The memory of an antigen gets encoded in the clonal composition of the organism's immune cells instead of being encoded in the genome. Consequently, the immune response to repeated encounter with the same antigen becomes stronger, a phenomenon called immunological memory. Elements of adaptive immunity are found at all taxonomical levels, whereas in vertebrates, adaptive mechanisms have become the cornerstone of the immune system. In jaw vertebrates, adaptive immune receptors of T and B lymphoid cells belong to immunoglobulin superfamily and are created by rearrangement of gene segments. In jawless vertebrates lamprey and hagfish, recombination of leucine-rich repeat modules is used to form variable lymphocyte receptors. Striking functional similarity of the cellular and humoral branches of these systems suggests similar driving forces underlying their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Danilova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,USA.
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Salinas I, Zhang YA, Sunyer JO. Mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of teleost fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1346-65. [PMID: 22133710 PMCID: PMC3428141 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and stressors. In mammals, the sites where antigens are sampled from mucosal surfaces and where stimulation of naïve T and B lymphocytes occurs are known as inductive sites and are constituted by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). According to anatomical location, the MALT in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), and gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT). All MALT contain a variety of leukocytes, including, but not limited to, T cells, B cells, plasma cells, macrophages and granulocytes. Secretory immunoglobulins are produced mainly by plasmablasts and plasma cells, and play key roles in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Until recently, teleost fish B cells were thought to express only two classes of immunoglobulins, IgM and IgD, in which IgM was thought to be the only one responding to pathogens both in systemic and mucosal compartments. However, a third teleost immunoglobulin class, IgT/IgZ, was discovered in 2005, and it has recently been shown to behave as the prevalent immunoglobulin in gut mucosal immune responses. The purpose of this review is to summarise the current knowledge of mucosal immunoglobulins and B cells of fish MALT. Moreover, we attempt to integrate the existing knowledge on both basic and applied research findings on fish mucosal immune responses, with the goal to provide new directions that may facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies that stimulate not only systemic, but also mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J. Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Hermans D, Pasmans F, Heyndrickx M, Van Immerseel F, Martel A, Van Deun K, Haesebrouck F. A tolerogenic mucosal immune response leads to persistent Campylobacter jejuni colonization in the chicken gut. Crit Rev Microbiol 2011; 38:17-29. [PMID: 21995731 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2011.615298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter enteritis is the most reported zoonotic disease in many developed countries where it imposes a serious health burden. Campylobacter transmission to humans occurs primarily through the chicken vector. Chicks are regarded as a natural host for Campylobacter species and are colonized with C. jejuni in particular. But despite carrying a very high bacterial load in their gastrointestinal tract, these birds, in contrast to humans, do not develop pathological signs. It seems that in chickens C. jejuni principally harbors in the cecal mucosal crypts, where an inefficient inflammatory response fails to clear the bacterium from the gut. Recent intensive research resulted in an increased insight into the cross talk between C. jejuni and its avian host. This review discusses the chicken intestinal mucosal immune response upon C. jejuni entrance, leading to tolerance and persistent cecal colonization. It might in addition provide a solid base for further research regarding this topic aiming to fully understand the host-bacterium dynamics of C. jejuni in chicks and to develop effective control measures to clear this zoonotic pathogen from poultry lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hermans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Miller EM, Mcconnell DS. The stability of immunoglobulin a in human milk and saliva stored on filter paper at ambient temperature. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:823-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Allenspach K. Clinical immunology and immunopathology of the canine and feline intestine. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2011; 41:345-60. [PMID: 21486640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mucosal immune system is at the forefront of defense against invading pathogens, but at the same time, it must maintain tolerance toward commensals and food antigens in the intestinal lumen. The interplay between the innate immune response and commensal microorganisms is essential to maintaining this balance. Great progress has been made in identifying some of the genetic predispositions underlying inflammatory bowel disease in certain breeds, such as the German shepherd dog. Several immunologic markers are discussed with respect to their clinical usefulness in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Allenspach
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms AL9 7PT, UK.
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Papista C, Berthelot L, Monteiro RC. Dysfunctions of the Iga system: a common link between intestinal and renal diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2011; 8:126-34. [PMID: 21278767 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2010.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (Iga)-isotype antibodies play an important role in immunity owing to their structure, glycosylation, localization and receptor interactions. Dysfunctions in this system can lead to multiple types of pathology. This review describes the characteristics of Iga and discusses the involvement of abnormalities in the Iga system on the development of celiac disease and Iga nephropathy.
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