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Mangiola S, Milton M, Ranathunga N, Li-Wai-Suen C, Odainic A, Yang E, Hutchison W, Garnham A, Iskander J, Pal B, Yadav V, Rossello J, Carey VJ, Morgan M, Bedoui S, Kallies A, Papenfuss AT. A multi-organ map of the human immune system across age, sex and ethnicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.08.542671. [PMID: 38746418 PMCID: PMC11092463 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.542671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding tissue biology's heterogeneity is crucial for advancing precision medicine. Despite the centrality of the immune system in tissue homeostasis, a detailed and comprehensive map of immune cell distribution and interactions across human tissues and demographics remains elusive. To fill this gap, we harmonised data from 12,981 single-cell RNA sequencing samples and curated 29 million cells from 45 anatomical sites to create a comprehensive compositional and transcriptional healthy map of the healthy immune system. We used this resource and a novel multilevel modelling approach to track immune ageing and test differences across sex and ethnicity. We uncovered conserved and tissue-specific immune-ageing programs, resolved sex-dependent differential ageing and identified ethnic diversity in clinically critical immune checkpoints. This study provides a quantitative baseline of the immune system, facilitating advances in precision medicine. By sharing our immune map, we hope to catalyse further breakthroughs in cancer, infectious disease, immunology and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mangiola
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Milton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Ranathunga
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Csn Li-Wai-Suen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Odainic
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - E Yang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Hutchison
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Garnham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Iskander
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Pal
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - V Yadav
- Systems Biology of Aging Laboratory, Columbia University; New York, USA
| | - Jfj Rossello
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - V J Carey
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - M Morgan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - S Bedoui
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A T Papenfuss
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Couturaud B, Doix B, Carretero-Iglesia L, Allard M, Pradervand S, Hebeisen M, Rufer N. Overall avidity declines in TCR repertoires during latent CMV but not EBV infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1293090. [PMID: 38053994 PMCID: PMC10694213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1293090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The avidity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigenic peptides presented by the MHC (pMHC) on cells is an essential parameter for efficient T cell-mediated immunity. Yet, whether the TCR-ligand avidity can drive the clonal evolution of virus antigen-specific CD8 T cells, and how this process is determined in latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV)- against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated infection remains largely unknown. Methods To address these issues, we quantified monomeric TCR-pMHC dissociation rates on CMV- and EBV-specific individual TCRαβ clonotypes and polyclonal CD8 T cell populations in healthy donors over a follow-up time of 15-18 years. The parameters involved during the long-term persistence of virus-specific T cell clonotypes were further evaluated by gene expression profiling, phenotype and functional analyses. Results Within CMV/pp65-specific T cell repertoires, a progressive contraction of clonotypes with high TCR-pMHC avidity and low CD8 binding dependency was observed, leading to an overall avidity decline during long-term antigen exposure. We identified a unique transcriptional signature preferentially expressed by high-avidity CMV/pp65-specific T cell clonotypes, including the inhibitory receptor LILRB1. Interestingly, T cell clonotypes of high-avidity showed higher LILRB1 expression than the low-avidity ones and LILRB1 blockade moderately increased T cell proliferation. Similar findings were made for CD8 T cell repertoires specific for the CMV/IE-1 epitope. There was a gradual in vivo loss of high-avidity T cells with time for both CMV specificities, corresponding to virus-specific CD8 T cells expressing enhanced LILRB1 levels. In sharp contrast, the EBV/BMFL1-specific T cell clonal composition and distribution, once established, displayed an exceptional stability, unrelated to TCR-pMHC binding avidity or LILRB1 expression. Conclusions These findings reveal an overall long-term avidity decline of CMV- but not EBV-specific T cell clonal repertoires, highlighting the differing role played by TCR-ligand avidity over the course of these two latent herpesvirus infections. Our data further suggest that the inhibitor receptor LILRB1 potentially restricts the clonal expansion of high-avidity CMV-specific T cell clonotypes during latent infection. We propose that the mechanisms regulating the long-term outcome of CMV- and EBV-specific memory CD8 T cell clonotypes in humans are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Couturaud
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Bastien Doix
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Laura Carretero-Iglesia
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Allard
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility (LGTF), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hebeisen
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Rufer
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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3
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Fang Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Wang C, Hu Y, Peng X, Zhang D, Zhao J, Shi B, Shen Z, Wu M, Xu C, Chen J, Zhou X, Xie Y, Yu H, Zhang X, Li J, Hu Y, Kozlowski M, Bertoletti A, Yuan Z. Monocytic MDSCs homing to thymus contribute to age-related CD8+ T cell tolerance of HBV. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213051. [PMID: 35254403 PMCID: PMC8906470 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus exposure in children usually develops into chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Although hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–specific CD8+ T cells contribute to resolve HBV infection, they are preferentially undetected in CHB patients. Moreover, the mechanism for this rarely detected HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells remains unexplored. We herein found that the frequency of HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells was inversely correlated with expansion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) in young rather than in adult CHB patients, and CCR9 was upregulated by HBsAg on mMDSCs via activation of ERK1/2 and IL-6. Sequentially, the interaction between CCL25 and CCR9 mediated thymic homing of mMDSCs, which caused the cross-presentation, transferring of peripheral HBsAg into the thymic medulla, and then promoted death of HBsAg-specific CD8+ thymocytes. In mice, adoptive transfer of mMDSCs selectively obliterated HBsAg-specific CD8+ T cells and facilitated persistence of HBV in a CCR9-dependent manner. Taken together, our results uncovered a novel mechanism for establishing specific CD8+ tolerance to HBsAg in chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoqin Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuhua Peng
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bisheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongliang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunwen Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maya Kozlowski
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Shanghai, China
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5
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Kretschmer L, Busch DH, Buchholz VR. A Single-Cell Perspective on Memory T-Cell Differentiation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a038067. [PMID: 33903160 PMCID: PMC8411955 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory differentiation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell populations has been extensively studied and many key molecular players and transcriptional networks have been identified. But how regulatory principles, identified on this population level, translate to immune responses that originate from single antigen-specific T cells is only now being elucidated. Here, we provide a short summary of the approaches used for mapping the fate of individual T cells and their progeny in vivo. We then highlight which major questions, with respect to memory T-cell differentiation, have been addressed by studying the development of single-cell-derived T-cell families during infection or vaccination. We discuss how fate decisions of single T cells are modulated by the affinity of their TCR and further shaped through a coregulation of T-cell differentiation and T-cell proliferation. These current findings indicate the early segregation into slowly dividing T central memory precursors (CMPs) and rapidly dividing non-CMPs, as a key event that separates the developmental paths of long- and short-lived T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Kretschmer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich 81675 , Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich 81675 , Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich 81675 , Germany
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6
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Horna P, Shi M, Olteanu H, Johansson U. Emerging Role of T-cell Receptor Constant β Chain-1 (TRBC1) Expression in the Flow Cytometric Diagnosis of T-cell Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041817. [PMID: 33673033 PMCID: PMC7918842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell clonality testing is integral to the diagnostic work-up of T-cell malignancies; however, current methods lack specificity and sensitivity, which can make the diagnostic process difficult. The recent discovery of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for human TRBC1 will greatly improve the outlook for T-cell malignancy diagnostics. The anti-TRBC1 mAb can be used in flow cytometry immunophenotyping assays to provide a low-cost, robust, and highly specific test that detects clonality of immunophenotypically distinct T-cell populations. Recent studies demonstrate the clinical utility of this approach in several contexts; use of this antibody in appropriately designed flow cytometry panels improves detection of circulating disease in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, eliminates the need for molecular clonality testing in the context of large granular lymphocyte leukemia, and provides more conclusive results in the context of many other T-cell disorders. It is worth noting that the increased ability to detect discrete clonal T-cell populations means that identification of T-cell clones of uncertain clinical significance (T-CUS) will become more common. This review discusses this new antibody and describes how it defines clonal T-cells. We present and discuss assay design and summarize findings to date about the use of flow cytometry TRBC1 analysis in the field of diagnostics, including lymph node and fluid sample investigations. We also make suggestions about how to apply the assay results in clinical work-ups, including how to interpret and report findings of T-CUS. Finally, we highlight areas that we think will benefit from further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Horna
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.H.); (M.S.); (H.O.)
| | - Min Shi
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.H.); (M.S.); (H.O.)
| | - Horatiu Olteanu
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (P.H.); (M.S.); (H.O.)
| | - Ulrika Johansson
- SI-HMDS, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK
- Correspondence:
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7
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Panwar A, Jhun M, Rentsendorj A, Mardiros A, Cordner R, Birch K, Yeager N, Duvall G, Golchian D, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Cohen RM, Ley E, Black KL, Wheeler CJ. Functional recreation of age-related CD8 T cells in young mice identifies drivers of aging- and human-specific tissue pathology. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 191:111351. [PMID: 32910956 PMCID: PMC7567339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitigating effects of aging on human health remains elusive because aging impacts multiple systems simultaneously, and because experimental animals exhibit critical aging differences relative to humans. Separation of aging into discrete processes may identify targetable drivers of pathology, particularly when applied to human-specific features. Gradual homeostatic expansion of CD8 T cells dominantly alters their function in aging humans but not in mice. Injecting T cells into athymic mice induces rapid homeostatic expansion, but its relevance to aging remains uncertain. We hypothesized that homeostatic expansion of T cells injected into T-deficient hosts models physiologically relevant CD8 T cell aging in young mice, and aimed to analyze age-related T cell phenotype and tissue pathology in such animals. Indeed, we found that such injection conferred uniform age-related phenotype, genotype, and function to mouse CD8 T cells, heightened age-associated tissue pathology in young athymic hosts, and humanized amyloidosis after brain injury in secondary wild-type recipients. This validates a model conferring a human-specific aging feature to mice that identifies targetable drivers of tissue pathology. Similar examination of independent aging features should promote systematic understanding of aging and identify additional targets to mitigate its effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Panwar
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Michelle Jhun
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Armen Mardiros
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Ryan Cordner
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Dep. Biomedical Sciences, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Kurtis Birch
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Nicole Yeager
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Dep. Biomedical Sciences, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Gretchen Duvall
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - David Golchian
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Dep. Biomedical Sciences, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Robert M Cohen
- Dept. Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences and Neuroscience Program, GDBBS, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Eric Ley
- Dept. Surgery, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, United States
| | - Keith L Black
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Christopher J Wheeler
- Dept. Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States; Brain Mapping Foundation, Society for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics, 860 Via De la Paz, Pacific Palisades, CA 90272, United States; T-Neuro Pharma, 1451 Innovation Parkway SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123, United States.
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8
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Schober K, Fuchs P, Mir J, Hammel M, Fanchi L, Flossdorf M, Busch DH. The CMV-Specific CD8 + T Cell Response Is Dominated by Supra-Public Clonotypes with High Generation Probabilities. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080650. [PMID: 32823573 PMCID: PMC7460440 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary processes govern the selection of T cell clonotypes that are optimally suited to mediate efficient antigen-specific immune responses against pathogens and tumors. While the theoretical diversity of T cell receptor (TCR) sequences is vast, the antigen-specific TCR repertoire is restricted by its peptide epitope and the presenting major histocompatibility complex (pMHC). It remains unclear how many TCR sequences are recruited into an antigen-specific T cell response, both within and across different organisms, and which factors shape both of these distributions. Infection of mice with ovalbumin-expressing cytomegalovirus (IE2-OVA-mCMV) represents a well-studied model system to investigate T cell responses given their size and longevity. Here we investigated > 180,000 H2kb/SIINFEKL-recognizing TCR CDR3α or CDR3β sequences from 25 individual mice spanning seven different time points during acute infection and memory inflation. In-depth repertoire analysis revealed that from a pool of highly diverse, but overall limited sequences, T cell responses were dominated by public clonotypes, partly with unexpectedly extreme degrees of sharedness between individual mice ("supra-public clonotypes"). Public clonotypes were found exclusively in a fraction of TCRs with a high generation probability. Generation probability and degree of sharedness select for highly functional TCRs, possibly mediated through elevating intraindividual precursor frequencies of clonotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (D.H.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-6870 (K.S.); +49-89-4140-4120 (D.H.B.)
| | - Pim Fuchs
- ENPICOM B.V., 5211 AX ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.F.); (L.F.)
| | - Jonas Mir
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Monika Hammel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Fanchi
- ENPICOM B.V., 5211 AX ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.F.); (L.F.)
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany; (J.M.); (M.H.); (M.F.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (D.H.B.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-6870 (K.S.); +49-89-4140-4120 (D.H.B.)
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9
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Ariza-Galindo CJ, Venegas-Sanabria LC, Chavarro-Carvajal DA, Muñoz-Velandia OM. Linfopenia y riesgo de infecciones nosocomiales en ancianos en una institución de salud de Bogotá, Colombia. Estudio de casos y controles. INFECTIO 2020. [DOI: 10.22354/in.v24i3.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: La linfopenia se ha propuesto como un potencial factor asociado al riesgo de infecciones bacterianas nosocomiales (infección urinaria y neumonía), pero la magnitud y relevancia de este factor no ha sido evaluada formalmente. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existe asociación entre linfopenia e infecciones nosocomiales en ancianos hospitalizados en una institución de salud en Bogotá, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles, incluyendo personas mayores de 65 años hospitalizadas en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio entre junio de 2016 y diciembre de 2017. Se consideraron casos aquellos con diagnóstico de infección nosocomial (neumonía, infección de vías urinarias, bacteriemia, infección de tejidos blandos) y se compararon con controles sin infección emparejados por edad y sexo. Se evaluó la asociación entre linfopenia e infección nosocomial mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado controlando por las variables de confusión. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 198 pacientes (99 casos y 99 controles). La prevalencia de linfopenia fue de 34.8%, sin encontrarse diferencia entre los dos grupos (p=0.88). La infección nosocomial se asoció a mayor incidencia de mortalidad (29.3 vs 10.1%, p>0.001) y mayor duración de estancia hospitalaria (Mediana 18 vs 9 días, p<0.01). Se encontró asociación entre infección nosocomial con enfermedad cardiovascular (OR = 2.87; IC 95% 1.37-6.00) y antecedente de cáncer (OR = 6.00; IC 95% 1.28-29.78), sin embargo, no hubo asociación con linfopenia (OR = 1.27; IC 95% 0.61-2.65). Conclusiones: Este estudio sugiere que no existe asociación entre linfopenia y el desarrollo de infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes ancianos.
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10
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Rakebrandt N, Joller N. Infection History Determines Susceptibility to Unrelated Diseases. Bioessays 2020; 41:e1800191. [PMID: 31132173 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that previous infections can alter an individual's susceptibility to unrelated diseases. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Substantial research efforts have expanded the classical concept of immune memory to also include long-lasting changes in innate immunity and antigen-independent reactivation of adaptive immunity. Collectively, these processes provide possible explanations on how acute infections might induce long-term changes that also affect immunity to unrelated diseases. Here, we review lasting changes the immune compartment undergoes upon infection and how infection experience alters the responsiveness of immune cells towards universal signals. This heightened state of alert enhances the ability of the immune system to combat even unrelated infections but may also increase susceptibility to autoimmunity. At the same time, infection-induced changes in the regulatory compartment may dampen subsequent immune responses and promote pathogen persistence. The concepts presented here outline how infection-induced changes in the immune system may affect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Rakebrandt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Shi M, Jevremovic D, Otteson GE, Timm MM, Olteanu H, Horna P. Single Antibody Detection of T-Cell Receptor αβ Clonality by Flow Cytometry Rapidly Identifies Mature T-Cell Neoplasms and Monotypic Small CD8-Positive Subsets of Uncertain Significance. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2019; 98:99-107. [PMID: 30972977 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of T-cell neoplasms is often challenging, due to overlapping features with reactive T-cells and limitations of currently available T-cell clonality assays. The description of an antibody specific for one of two mutually exclusive T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain constant regions (TRBC1) provide an opportunity to facilitate the detection of clonal TCRαβ T-cells based on TRBC-restriction. METHODS Twenty patients with mature T-cell neoplasms and 44 patients without evidence of T-cell neoplasia were studied. Peripheral blood (51), bone marrow (10), and lymph node (3) specimens were evaluated by 9-color flow cytometry including TRBC1 (CD2/CD3/CD4/CD5/CD7/CD8/CD45/TCRγδ/TRBC1 and/or CD2/CD3/CD4/CD5/CD7/CD8/CD26/CD45/TRBC1). Monophasic TRBC1 expression on any immunophenotypically distinct CD4-positive or CD8-positive/TCRγδ-negative T-cell subset was considered indicative of clonality. RESULTS Monophasic (clonal) TRBC1 expression was identified on immunophenotypically abnormal T-cells from all 20 patients with T-cell malignancies (100% sensitivity), including 17 cases with either >97% or <3% TRBC1-positive events, and three cases with monophasic homogenous TRBC1-dim expression. All immunophenotypically distinct CD4-positive and CD8-positive/TCRγδ-negative T-cell subsets from 44 patients without T-cell malignancies showed the expected mixture of TRBC1-positive and TRBC-1-negative subpopulations (non-clonal), except for seven patients (16%) with very small CD8-positive T-cell subsets exhibiting a monophasic (clonal) pattern. CONCLUSION Inclusion of a single anti-TRBC1 antibody into a diagnostic T-cell flow cytometry panel facilitates the rapid identification of T-cell neoplasms, in addition to small monotypic CD8-positive subsets of uncertain significance. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Michael M Timm
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Horatiu Olteanu
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pedro Horna
- Division of Hematopathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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12
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Schober K, Buchholz VR, Busch DH. TCR repertoire evolution during maintenance of CMV-specific T-cell populations. Immunol Rev 2019; 283:113-128. [PMID: 29664573 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During infections and cancer, the composition of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells changes over time. TCR avidity is thought to be a major driver of this process, thereby interacting with several additional regulators of T-cell responses to form a composite immune response architecture. Infections with latent viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), can lead to large T-cell responses characterized by an oligoclonal TCR repertoire. Here, we review the current status of experimental studies and theoretical models of TCR repertoire evolution during CMV infection. We will particularly discuss the degree to which this process may be determined through structural TCR avidity. As engineered TCR-redirected T cells have moved into the spotlight for providing more effective immunotherapies, it is essential to understand how the key features of a given TCR influence T-cell expansion and maintenance in settings of infection or malignancy. Deeper insights into these mechanisms will improve our basic understanding of T-cell immunology and help to identify optimal TCRs for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Schober
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,Focus Group 'Clinical Cell Processing and Purification', Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich, Germany.,National Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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13
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Vibert J, Thomas-Vaslin V. Modelling T cell proliferation: Dynamics heterogeneity depending on cell differentiation, age, and genetic background. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005417. [PMID: 28288157 PMCID: PMC5367836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation is the common characteristic of all biological systems. The immune system insures the maintenance of body integrity on the basis of a continuous production of diversified T lymphocytes in the thymus. This involves processes of proliferation, differentiation, selection, death and migration of lymphocytes to peripheral tissues, where proliferation also occurs upon antigen recognition. Quantification of cell proliferation dynamics requires specific experimental methods and mathematical modelling. Here, we assess the impact of genetics and aging on the immune system by investigating the dynamics of proliferation of T lymphocytes across their differentiation through thymus and spleen in mice. Our investigation is based on single-cell multicolour flow cytometry analysis revealing the active incorporation of a thymidine analogue during S phase after pulse-chase-pulse experiments in vivo, versus cell DNA content. A generic mathematical model of state transition simulates through Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) the evolution of single cell behaviour during various durations of labelling. It allows us to fit our data, to deduce proliferation rates and estimate cell cycle durations in sub-populations. Our model is simple and flexible and is validated with other durations of pulse/chase experiments. Our results reveal that T cell proliferation is highly heterogeneous but with a specific “signature” that depends upon genetic origins, is specific to cell differentiation stages in thymus and spleen and is altered with age. In conclusion, our model allows us to infer proliferation rates and cell cycle phase durations from complex experimental 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) data, revealing T cell proliferation heterogeneity and specific signatures. We assess the impact of genetics and aging on immune system dynamics by investigating the dynamics of proliferation of T lymphocytes across their differentiation through thymus and spleen in mice. Understanding cell proliferation dynamics requires specific experimental methods and mathematical modelling. Our investigation is based upon single-cell multicolour flow cytometry analysis thereby revealing the active incorporation in DNA of a thymidine analogue during S phase after pulse-chase experiments in vivo, versus cell DNA content. A generic mathematical model that simulates the evolution of single cell behaviour during the experiment allows us to fit our data, to deduce proliferation rates and mean cell cycle phase durations in sub-populations. This reveals that T cell proliferation is constrained by genetic influences, declines with age, and is specific to cell differentiation stage, revealing a specific “signature” of cell proliferation. Our model is simple and flexible and can be used with other pulse/chase experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vibert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) UMRS959; Paris, France
| | - Véronique Thomas-Vaslin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3) UMRS959; Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Bertoli D, Re A, Chiarini M, Sottini A, Serana F, Giustini V, Roccaro AM, Cattaneo C, Caimi L, Rossi G, Imberti L. B- and T-lymphocyte number and function in HIV +/HIV - lymphoma patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37995. [PMID: 27905485 PMCID: PMC5131356 DOI: 10.1038/srep37995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination of anti-retroviral therapy, high-dose chemotherapy (HCT) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has led to an improved survival of HIV+ non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients. We compared T- and B-cell subset recovery and related capability to respond to in-vitro stimulation, as well as T-cell repertoire modifications of HIV+ and HIV− NHL patients undergoing HCT and ASCT as first-line consolidation or salvage treatment, using sequential blood samples obtained before and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after ASCT. B lymphocyte recovery occurred earlier, reaching higher levels in HIV+ patients as compared to HIV− patients and healthy controls; in particular, immature and naïve B cells were significantly higher in HIV+ patients who had received rituximab in the pre-ASCT period. These lymphocytes equally responded to in-vitro stimulation. Newly produced T cells similarly increased in HIV+ and HIV− NHL patients, but their levels remained constantly lower than in healthy controls. T lymphocytes showed a reduced proliferative capacity, but their repertoire was reassorted by the treatment. The functional and numeric B-cell recovery and the qualitative modifications of T-cell receptor repertoire may explain, at least in part, the success of this aggressive therapeutic approach in HIV+ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bertoli
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Chiarini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Serana
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Viviana Giustini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Caimi
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Imberti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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15
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Eberlein J, Davenport B, Nguyen T, Victorino F, Haist K, Jhun K, Karimpour-Fard A, Hunter L, Kedl R, Clambey ET, Homann D. Aging promotes acquisition of naive-like CD8+ memory T cell traits and enhanced functionalities. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:3942-3960. [PMID: 27617858 DOI: 10.1172/jci88546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective T cell memory is an acquired trait that is contingent upon the preservation of its constituents and therefore vulnerable to the potentially deleterious effects of organismal aging. Here, however, we have found that long-term T cell memory in a natural murine host-pathogen system can substantially improve over time. Comprehensive molecular, phenotypic, and functional profiling of aging antiviral CD8+ memory T cells (CD8+ TM) revealed a pervasive remodeling process that promotes the gradual acquisition of distinct molecular signatures, of increasingly homogeneous phenotypes, and of diversified functionalities that combine to confer a CD8+ TM-autonomous capacity for enhanced recall responses and immune protection. Notably, the process of CD8+ TM aging is characterized by a progressive harmonization of memory and naive T cell traits, is broadly amenable to experimental acceleration or retardation, and serves as a constitutional component for the "rebound model" of memory T cell maturation. By casting CD8+ TM populations within the temporal framework of their slowly evolving properties, this model establishes a simple ontogenetic perspective on the principal organization of CD8+ T cell memory that may directly inform the development of improved diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic modalities.
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16
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Licastro F, Porcellini E. Persistent infections, immune-senescence and Alzheimer's disease. Oncoscience 2016; 3:135-42. [PMID: 27489858 PMCID: PMC4965253 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. Classical hallmarks of AD such as amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles do not completely explain AD pathogenesis. Recent investigations proposed Aβ peptide as an anti-microbial factor. Our previous works suggested that the concomitant presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from AD genetic studies might impair antiviral defenses and increase the individual susceptibility to herpes virus infection. Viruses of herpes family by inducing frequent cycles of reactivation and latency constantly challenge the immune response and drive the accumulation of memory T cells. However, the immune system is not able to completely eradicate these viruses. The continuous antigen stimulation activates chronic inflammatory responses that may progressively induce neurodegenerative mechanisms in genetically susceptible elderly. The aim of this paper is to suggest new perspectives in clinical pathogenesis of AD with potential prevention and new medical treatment of the age associated cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Licastro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elisa Porcellini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit R. Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 München, Germany; ,
| | - Ton N.M. Schumacher
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI), 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 München, Germany; ,
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18
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Britanova OV, Shugay M, Merzlyak EM, Staroverov DB, Putintseva EV, Turchaninova MA, Mamedov IZ, Pogorelyy MV, Bolotin DA, Izraelson M, Davydov AN, Egorov ES, Kasatskaya SA, Rebrikov DV, Lukyanov S, Chudakov DM. Dynamics of Individual T Cell Repertoires: From Cord Blood to Centenarians. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:5005-13. [PMID: 27183615 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The diversity, architecture, and dynamics of the TCR repertoire largely determine our ability to effectively withstand infections and malignancies with minimal mistargeting of immune responses. In this study, we have employed deep TCRβ repertoire sequencing with normalization based on unique molecular identifiers to explore the long-term dynamics of T cell immunity. We demonstrate remarkable stability of repertoire, where approximately half of all T cells in peripheral blood are represented by clones that persist and generally preserve their frequencies for 3 y. We further characterize the extremes of lifelong TCR repertoire evolution, analyzing samples ranging from umbilical cord blood to centenarian peripheral blood. We show that the fetal TCR repertoire, albeit structurally maintained within regulated borders due to the lower numbers of randomly added nucleotides, is not limited with respect to observed functional diversity. We reveal decreased efficiency of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in umbilical cord blood, which may reflect specific regulatory mechanisms in development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that human TCR repertoires are functionally more similar at birth but diverge during life, and we track the lifelong behavior of CMV- and EBV-specific T cell clonotypes. Finally, we reveal gender differences in dynamics of TCR diversity constriction, which come to naught in the oldest age. Based on our data, we propose a more general explanation for the previous observations on the relationships between longevity and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Britanova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Mikhail Shugay
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Ekaterina M Merzlyak
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitriy B Staroverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Putintseva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Maria A Turchaninova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Mikhail V Pogorelyy
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitriy A Bolotin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Mark Izraelson
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Alexey N Davydov
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Evgeny S Egorov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
| | - Sofya A Kasatskaya
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Denis V Rebrikov
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitriy M Chudakov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia; Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; and
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Hogea C, Dieussaert I, Van Effelterre T, Guignard A, Mols J. A dynamic transmission model with age-dependent infectiousness and reactivation for cytomegalovirus in the United States: Potential impact of vaccination strategies on congenital infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1788-802. [PMID: 25984886 PMCID: PMC4514193 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1016665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an age-structured dynamic transmission model for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the United States, based on natural history and available data, primarily aiming to combine the available qualitative and quantitative knowledge toward more complex modeling frameworks to better reflect the underlying biology and epidemiology of the CMV infection. The model structure explicitly accounts for primary infections, reactivations and re-infections. Duration of infectiousness and likelihood of reactivation were both assumed to be age-dependent, and natural reduction in the re-infection risk following primary infection was included. We used an empirical social contact matrix (POLYMOD-based) as support for CMV transmission between different age groups. The baseline model reproduced well the age-stratified seroprevalence data (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III) used for calibration. The model was further used to explore the potential impact of hypothetical vaccination on reducing congenital CMV infection under various vaccine profiles and vaccination scenarios. Our preliminary model-based simulations suggested that while infant vaccination may represent an attractive way to reduce congenital CMV infection over time, adolescent female vaccination with an adequate routine booster platform may, under certain conditions, provide an alternative. However, for such tools to be considered toward actual decision-making, enhanced validations based on additional studies and data would be further necessary. The modeling framework presented in this paper was designed to be sufficiently general and flexible, such that it can allow for further adaptations to reflect new knowledge or data that may become available in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmina Hogea
- a GSK Vaccines; Vaccines - Non-Clinical Operations ; King of Prussia , PA , USA
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20
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Licastro F, Carbone I, Raschi E, Porcellini E. The 21st century epidemic: infections as inductors of neuro-degeneration associated with Alzheimer's Disease. Immun Ageing 2014; 11:22. [PMID: 25516763 PMCID: PMC4266955 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-014-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease resulting in neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Investigations on environmental factors implicated in AD are scarce and the etiology of the disease remains up to now obscure. The disease's pathogenesis may be multi-factorial and different etiological factors may converge during aging and induce an activation of brain microglia and macrophages. This microglia priming will result in chronic neuro-inflammation under chronic antigen activation. Infective agents may prime and drive iper-activation of microglia and be partially responsible of the induction of brain inflammation and decline of cognitive performances. Age-associated immune dis-functions induced by chronic sub-clinical infections appear to substantially contribute to the appearance of neuro-inflammation in the elderly. Individual predisposition to less efficient immune responses is another relevant factor contributing to impaired regulation of inflammatory responses and accelerated cognitive decline. Life-long virus infection may play a pivotal role in activating peripheral and central inflammatory responses and in turn contributing to increased cognitive impairment in preclinical and clinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Licastro
- />Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40100 Italy
- />Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunogenetics, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Carbone
- />Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40100 Italy
| | - Elena Raschi
- />Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40100 Italy
| | - Elisa Porcellini
- />Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40100 Italy
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Wang Y, Zhang WY, Han QW, Liu Y, Dai HR, Guo YL, Bo J, Fan H, Zhang Y, Zhang YJ, Chen MX, Feng KC, Wang QS, Fu XB, Han WD. Effective response and delayed toxicities of refractory advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated by CD20-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:160-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Graef P, Buchholz VR, Stemberger C, Flossdorf M, Henkel L, Schiemann M, Drexler I, Höfer T, Riddell SR, Busch DH. Serial transfer of single-cell-derived immunocompetence reveals stemness of CD8(+) central memory T cells. Immunity 2014; 41:116-26. [PMID: 25035956 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of immunological memory has been proposed to rely on stem-cell-like lymphocytes. However, data supporting this hypothesis are focused on the developmental potential of lymphocyte populations and are thus insufficient to establish the functional hallmarks of stemness. Here, we investigated self-renewal capacity and multipotency of individual memory lymphocytes by in vivo fate mapping of CD8(+) T cells and their descendants across three generations of serial single-cell adoptive transfer and infection-driven re-expansion. We found that immune responses derived from single naive T (Tn) cells, single primary, and single secondary central memory T (Tcm) cells reached similar size and phenotypic diversity, were subjected to comparable stochastic variation, and could ultimately reconstitute immunocompetence against an otherwise lethal infection with the bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. These observations establish that adult tissue stem cells reside within the CD62L(+) Tcm cell compartment and highlight the promising therapeutic potential of this immune cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Graef
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Christian Stemberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich 81675, Germany; Focus Group "Clinical Cell Processing and Purification," Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lynette Henkel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich 81675, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Groups "Antigen-specific Immunotherapy" and "Immune-Monitoring," Helmholtz Center Munich (Neuherberg), TUM, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ingo Drexler
- Institute for Virology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf (UKD), Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stanley R Riddell
- Focus Group "Clinical Cell Processing and Purification," Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich 81675, Germany; Program in Immunology, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich 81675, Germany; Focus Group "Clinical Cell Processing and Purification," Institute for Advanced Study, TUM, Munich 81675, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Groups "Antigen-specific Immunotherapy" and "Immune-Monitoring," Helmholtz Center Munich (Neuherberg), TUM, Munich 81675, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich 81675, Germany.
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23
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Walsh MC, Pearce EL, Cejas PJ, Lee J, Wang LS, Choi Y. IL-18 synergizes with IL-7 to drive slow proliferation of naive CD8 T cells by costimulating self-peptide-mediated TCR signals. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3992-4001. [PMID: 25200954 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Naive T cell populations are maintained in the periphery at relatively constant levels via mechanisms that control expansion and contraction and are associated with competition for homeostatic cytokines. It has been shown that in a lymphopenic environment naive T cells undergo expansion due, at least in part, to additional availability of IL-7. We have previously found that T cell-intrinsic deletion of TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 6 (TRAF6ΔT) in mice results in diminished peripheral CD8 T cell numbers. In this study, we report that whereas naive TRAF6ΔT CD8 T cells exhibit normal survival when transferred into a normal T cell pool, proliferation of naive TRAF6ΔT CD8 T cells under lymphopenic conditions is defective. We identified IL-18 as a TRAF6-activating factor capable of enhancing lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) in vivo, and that IL-18 synergizes with high-dose IL-7 in a TRAF6-dependent manner to induce slow, LIP/homeostatic-like proliferation of naive CD8 T cells in vitro. IL-7 and IL-18 act synergistically to upregulate expression of IL-18R genes, thereby enhancing IL-18 activity. In this context, IL-18R signaling increases PI3K activation and was found to sensitize naive CD8 T cells to a model noncognate self-peptide ligand in a way that conventional costimulation via CD28 could not. We propose that synergistic sensitization by IL-7 and IL-18 to self-peptide ligand may represent a novel costimulatory pathway for LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Erika L Pearce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Pedro J Cejas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - JangEun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
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24
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Paquette SG, Huang SSH, Banner D, Xu L, Leόn A, Kelvin AA, Kelvin DJ. Impaired heterologous immunity in aged ferrets during sequential influenza A H1N1 infection. Virology 2014; 464-465:177-183. [PMID: 25086242 PMCID: PMC4157083 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The major burden of influenza morbidity resides within the elderly population. The challenge managing influenza-associated illness in the elderly is the decline of immune function, where mechanisms leading to immunological senescence have not been elucidated. To better represent the immune environment, we investigated clinical morbidity and immune function during sequential homologous and heterologous H1N1 influenza infection in an aged ferret model. Our findings demonstrated experimentally that aged ferrets had significant morbidity during monosubtypic heterologous 2° challenge with significant weight loss and respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, increased clinical morbidity was associated with slower and shorter hemagglutinin antibody generation and attenuated type 1 T-cell gene responses in peripheral blood. These results revealed dampened immune activation during sequential influenza infection in aged ferrets. With the presence of an aged model, dissecting clinical morbidity, viral dynamics and immune response during influenza infection will aid the development of future prophylactics such as age specific influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane G Paquette
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen S H Huang
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Banner
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luoling Xu
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alberto Leόn
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alyson A Kelvin
- Immune Diagnostics & Research, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street 3-913, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7.
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, Shantou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Guangdong, China; Sezione di Microbiologia Sperimentale e Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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25
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Abstract
Recent clinical success has underscored the potential for immunotherapy based on the adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of engineered T lymphocytes to mediate dramatic, potent, and durable clinical responses. This success has led to the broader evaluation of engineered T-lymphocyte-based adoptive cell therapy to treat a broad range of malignancies. In this review, we summarize concepts, successes, and challenges for the broader development of this promising field, focusing principally on lessons gleaned from immunological principles and clinical thought. We present ACT in the context of integrating T-cell and tumor biology and the broader systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ruella
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Shao H, Ou Y, Wang T, Shen H, Wu F, Zhang W, Tao C, Yuan Y, Bo H, Wang H, Huang S. Differences in TCR-Vβ repertoire and effector phenotype between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes increase with age. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102327. [PMID: 25019226 PMCID: PMC4096599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) reflect the host's anti-tumor immune response, and can be a valuable predictor of prognosis. However, many properties of TIL are not fully understood. In the present study, TCR-Vβ repertoires of cancer patients were primarily analyzed by flow cytometry. Abnormally expressed TCR-Vβ subfamilies were generally found in both TIL and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of each patient. Of note, increased patient age was associated with increasingly biased TCR-Vβ repertoire in TIL but not in PBL, and the dispersion degree of the differences of TCR-Vβ subfamilies between TIL and PBL correlated positively with age (P = 0.007). Utilizing immunoscope analysis, we identified the age-related reduction in TCR-Vβ diversity, but polyclonal pattern was predominant in significantly expanded TCR-Vβ subfamilies. In addition, we found that older patients possessed a decreased ratio of CD8+CD62L+ non-effector cells in TIL compared to PBL, implying age-related increase of CD8+CD62L- effector cells in TIL. The colocalization analysis of CD8 and CD3, however, suggested the suppressed activity of these effector cells in tumor microenvironment. These findings further elucidate the properties of TIL, showing an increasing difference between TIL and PBL with age, which may provide insight for the development of effective immunotherapies for cancer patients of different ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Shao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Ou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Shen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenglin Wu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changli Tao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaben Bo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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27
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Martinet KZ, Bloquet S, Bourgeois C. Ageing combines CD4 T cell lymphopenia in secondary lymphoid organs and T cell accumulation in gut associated lymphoid tissue. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2014; 11:8. [PMID: 24829607 PMCID: PMC4020584 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-11-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background CD4 T cell lymphopenia is an important T cell defect associated to ageing. Higher susceptibility to infections, cancer, or autoimmune pathologies described in aged individuals is thought to partly rely on T cell lymphopenia. We hypothesize that such diverse effects may reflect anatomical heterogeneity of age related T cell lymphopenia. Indeed, no data are currently available on the impact of ageing on T cell pool recovered from gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), a crucial site of CD4 T cell accumulation. Results Primary, secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs of C57BL/6 animals were analysed at three intervals of ages: 2 to 6 months (young), 10 to 14 months (middle-aged) and 22 to 26 months (old). We confirmed that ageing preferentially impacted CD4 T cell compartment in secondary lymphoid organs. Importantly, a different picture emerged from gut associated mucosal sites: during ageing, CD4 T cell accumulation was progressively developing in colon and small intestine lamina propria and Peyer’s patches. Similar trend was also observed in middle-aged SJL/B6 F1 mice. Interestingly, an inverse correlation was detected between CD4 T cell numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and colonic lamina propria of C57BL/6 mice whereas no increase in proliferation rate of GALT CD4 T cells was detected. In contrast to GALT, no CD4 T cell accumulation was detected in lungs and liver in middle-aged animals. Finally, the concomitant accumulation of CD4 T cell in GALT and depletion in secondary lymphoid organs during ageing was detected both in male and female animals. Conclusions Our data thus demonstrate that T cell lymphopenia in secondary lymphoid organs currently associated to ageing is not sustained in gut or lung mucosa associated lymphoid tissues or non-lymphoid sites such as the liver. The inverse correlation between CD4 T cell numbers in secondary lymphoid organs and colonic lamina propria and the absence of overt proliferation in GALT suggest that marked CD4 T cell decay in secondary lymphoid organs during ageing reflect redistribution of CD4 T cells rather than generalized CD4 T cell decay. Such anatomical heterogeneity may provide an important rationale for the diversity of immune defects observed during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Zita Martinet
- INSERM U1012, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 63 rue Gabriel Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1012, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Stéphane Bloquet
- Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1012, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Animalerie centrale, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- INSERM U1012, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 63 rue Gabriel Péri, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; Univ Paris-Sud, UMR-S1012, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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28
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Wertheimer AM, Bennett MS, Park B, Uhrlaub JL, Martinez C, Pulko V, Currier NL, Nikolich-Žugich D, Kaye J, Nikolich-Žugich J. Aging and cytomegalovirus infection differentially and jointly affect distinct circulating T cell subsets in humans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2143-55. [PMID: 24501199 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of intrinsic aging upon human peripheral blood T cell subsets remains incompletely quantified and understood. This impact must be distinguished from the influence of latent persistent microorganisms, particularly CMV, which has been associated with age-related changes in the T cell pool. In a cross-sectional cohort of 152 CMV-negative individuals, aged 21-101 y, we found that aging correlated strictly to an absolute loss of naive CD8, but not CD4, T cells but, contrary to many reports, did not lead to an increase in memory T cell numbers. The loss of naive CD8 T cells was not altered by CMV in 239 subjects (range 21-96 y), but the decline in CD4(+) naive cells showed significance in CMV(+) individuals. These individuals also exhibited an absolute increase in the effector/effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells with age. That increase was seen mainly, if not exclusively, in older subjects with elevated anti-CMV Ab titers, suggesting that efficacy of viral control over time may determine the magnitude of CMV impact upon T cell memory, and perhaps upon immune defense. These findings provide important new insights into the age-related changes in the peripheral blood pool of older adults, demonstrating that aging and CMV exert both distinct and joint influence upon blood T cell homeostasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Wertheimer
- Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
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29
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Orrù V, Steri M, Sole G, Sidore C, Virdis F, Dei M, Lai S, Zoledziewska M, Busonero F, Mulas A, Floris M, Mentzen WI, Urru SAM, Olla S, Marongiu M, Piras MG, Lobina M, Maschio A, Pitzalis M, Urru MF, Marcelli M, Cusano R, Deidda F, Serra V, Oppo M, Pilu R, Reinier F, Berutti R, Pireddu L, Zara I, Porcu E, Kwong A, Brennan C, Tarrier B, Lyons R, Kang HM, Uzzau S, Atzeni R, Valentini M, Firinu D, Leoni L, Rotta G, Naitza S, Angius A, Congia M, Whalen MB, Jones CM, Schlessinger D, Abecasis GR, Fiorillo E, Sanna S, Cucca F. Genetic variants regulating immune cell levels in health and disease. Cell 2013; 155:242-56. [PMID: 24074872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complex network of specialized cells and molecules in the immune system has evolved to defend against pathogens, but inadvertent immune system attacks on "self" result in autoimmune disease. Both genetic regulation of immune cell levels and their relationships with autoimmunity are largely undetermined. Here, we report genetic contributions to quantitative levels of 95 cell types encompassing 272 immune traits, in a cohort of 1,629 individuals from four clustered Sardinian villages. We first estimated trait heritability, showing that it can be substantial, accounting for up to 87% of the variance (mean 41%). Next, by assessing ∼8.2 million variants that we identified and confirmed in an extended set of 2,870 individuals, 23 independent variants at 13 loci associated with at least one trait. Notably, variants at three loci (HLA, IL2RA, and SH2B3/ATXN2) overlap with known autoimmune disease associations. These results connect specific cellular phenotypes to specific genetic variants, helping to explicate their involvement in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Orrù
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato 09042, Italy
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30
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Genetic variants regulating immune cell levels in health and disease. Cell 2013. [PMID: 24074872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.041.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complex network of specialized cells and molecules in the immune system has evolved to defend against pathogens, but inadvertent immune system attacks on "self" result in autoimmune disease. Both genetic regulation of immune cell levels and their relationships with autoimmunity are largely undetermined. Here, we report genetic contributions to quantitative levels of 95 cell types encompassing 272 immune traits, in a cohort of 1,629 individuals from four clustered Sardinian villages. We first estimated trait heritability, showing that it can be substantial, accounting for up to 87% of the variance (mean 41%). Next, by assessing ∼8.2 million variants that we identified and confirmed in an extended set of 2,870 individuals, 23 independent variants at 13 loci associated with at least one trait. Notably, variants at three loci (HLA, IL2RA, and SH2B3/ATXN2) overlap with known autoimmune disease associations. These results connect specific cellular phenotypes to specific genetic variants, helping to explicate their involvement in disease.
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31
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Fülöp T, Larbi A, Pawelec G. Human T cell aging and the impact of persistent viral infections. Front Immunol 2013; 4:271. [PMID: 24062739 PMCID: PMC3772506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a dysregulation of the immune response, loosely termed “immunosenescence.” Each part of the immune system is influenced to some extent by the aging process. However, adaptive immunity seems more extensively affected and among all participating cells it is the T cells that are most altered. There is a large body of experimental work devoted to the investigation of age-associated differences in T cell phenotypes and functions in young and old individuals, but few longitudinal studies in humans actually delineating changes at the level of the individual. In most studies, the number and proportion of late-differentiated T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, is reported to be higher in the elderly than in the young. Limited longitudinal studies suggest that accumulation of these cells is a dynamic process and does indeed represent an age-associated change. Accumulations of such late-stage cells may contribute to the enhanced systemic pro-inflammatory milieu commonly seen in older people. We do not know exactly what causes these observed changes, but an understanding of the possible causes is now beginning to emerge. A favored hypothesis is that these events are at least partly due to the effects of the maintenance of essential immune surveillance against persistent viral infections, notably Cytomegalovirus (CMV), which may exhaust the immune system over time. It is still a matter of debate as to whether these changes are compensatory and beneficial or pathological and detrimental to the proper functioning of the immune system and whether they impact longevity. Here, we will review present knowledge of T cell changes with aging and their relation to chronic viral and possibly other persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fülöp
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, QC , Canada
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32
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Guzzetta G, Kirschner D. The roles of immune memory and aging in protective immunity and endogenous reactivation of tuberculosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60425. [PMID: 23580062 PMCID: PMC3620273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding more effective vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) and improved preventive treatments against endogenous reactivation of latent TB is strategic to block transmission and reach the WHO goal of eliminating TB by 2050. Key related open questions in TB research include: i) what are the determinants of a strong memory response upon primary infection? ii) what is the role of cytokines towards protective memory response against a secondary infection? iii) what are the mechanisms responsible for the increased risk of reactivation in elderly individuals? To address these questions, we explored a computational model of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis including a mathematical description of immunosenescence and the generation and maintenance of immune memory. Sensitivity analysis techniques, together with extensive model characterization and in silico experiments, were applied to identify key mechanisms controlling TB reactivation and immunological memory. Key findings of this study are summarized by the following model predictions: i) increased strength and duration of memory protection is associated with higher levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor- (TNF) during primary infection; ii) production of TNF, but not of interferon-, by memory T cells during secondary infection is a major determinant of effective protection; iii) impaired recruitment of CD4+ T cells may promote reactivation of latent TB infections in aging hosts. This study is a first attempt to consider the immune dynamics of a persistent infection throughout the lifetime of the host, taking into account immunosenescence and memory. While the model is TB specific, the results are applicable to other persistent bacterial infections and can aid in the development, evaluation and refinement of TB treatment and/or vaccine protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Guzzetta
- Department of Statistics and Mathematics Applied to Economics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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33
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Abstract
Knowledge of the regional tissue distribution of T cell subsets is a prerequisite for understanding protective immunity and the pathophysiology of T cell-mediated diseases. In this issue of Immunity, Sathaliyawala et al. (2012) present a comprehensive human tissue T cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Neuenhahn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
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34
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Mansfield AS, Nevala WK, Dronca RS, Leontovich AA, Shuster L, Markovic SN. Normal ageing is associated with an increase in Th2 cells, MCP-1 (CCL1) and RANTES (CCL5), with differences in sCD40L and PDGF-AA between sexes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 170:186-93. [PMID: 23039889 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed T helper type 2 (Th2) polarization of systemic immunity in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. We hypothesized that similar changes in systemic immunity occur with ageing and may be permissive for the development of melanoma. We analysed the peripheral blood of 389 healthy blood donors. All subjects were profiled for peripheral blood T cell and B cell subsets, and 58 of these subjects were profiled for antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell subsets [cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1)]. Ninety-five separate healthy subjects underwent profiling of 42 plasma cytokines. Ageing was associated positively with CD4(+) CD294(+) Th2 cells, and associated negatively with CD3(+) T cells, cytotoxic T cells and T helper cells. Ageing was also associated negatively with CMV-, influenza- and MART-1-specific naive and CD8(+) T cells. There were significant increases in plasma monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) (CCL1) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (CCL5) with age. We observed differences in cytokine profiles between males and females; specifically, women had higher levels of sCD40L and PDGF-AA. In summary, we demonstrated in healthy blood donors that ageing was associated with an increase in cellular Th2 bias and a decline in total numbers of T cells. Additionally, there was an increase in MCP-1 and RANTES with ageing. Women had higher levels of sCD40L and PDGF-AA than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Mansfield
- Departments of Oncology Medicine, Division of Hematology Immunology Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Women's Health Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Suzuki M, Jagger AL, Konya C, Shimojima Y, Pryshchep S, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. CD8+CD45RA+CCR7+FOXP3+ T cells with immunosuppressive properties: a novel subset of inducible human regulatory T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2118-30. [PMID: 22821963 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CD8 T cells stimulated with a suboptimal dose of anti-CD3 Abs (100 pg/ml) in the presence of IL-15 retain a naive phenotype with expression of CD45RA, CD28, CD27, and CCR7 but acquire new functions and differentiate into immunosuppressive T cells. CD8+CCR7+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) express FOXP3 and prevent CD4 T cells from responding to TCR stimulation and entering the cell cycle. Naive CD4 T cells are more susceptible to inhibition than memory cells. The suppressive activity of CD8+CCR7+ Tregs is not mediated by IL-10, TGF-β, CTLA-4, CCL4, or adenosine and relies on interference with very early steps of the TCR signaling cascade. Specifically, CD8+CCR7+ Tregs prevent TCR-induced phosphorylation of ZAP70 and dampen the rise of intracellular calcium in CD4 T cells. The inducibility of CD8+CCR7+ Tregs is correlated with the age of the individual with PBLs of donors older than 60 y yielding low numbers of FOXP3(low) CD8 Tregs. Loss of CD8+CCR7+ Tregs in the elderly host may be of relevance in the aging immune system as immunosenescence is associated with a state of chronic smoldering inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Suzuki
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Zhang M, Maiti S, Bernatchez C, Huls H, Rabinovich B, Champlin RE, Vence LM, Hwu P, Radvanyi L, Cooper LJN. A new approach to simultaneously quantify both TCR α- and β-chain diversity after adoptive immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4733-42. [PMID: 22761473 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T-cell receptor (TCR) variable Vα and Vβ gene diversity is a surrogate biomarker for the therapeutic potential of adoptive immunotherapy and cellular immunity. Therefore, creating a straightforward, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method to view the global changes of both TCRVα and Vβ transcripts in heterogeneous populations of T cells is appealing. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We designed a "direct TCR expression assay" (DTEA) using a panel of customized bar-coded probes that simultaneously detects and quantifies 45 Vα and 46 Vβ transcripts in a nonenzymatic digital multiplexed assay from a small number of cells (10(4) cells) or as little as 100 ng of total RNA. RESULTS We evaluated DTEA on total RNA samples of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and peripheral blood obtained from patients with melanoma after adoptive T-cell therapy. DTEA detected a similar spectrum of the dominant patterns of TCRVβ gene usage as sequencing cloned TCRVβ CDR3 regions. However, DTEA was rapid, achieved a level of sensitivity to identify rare T-cell populations, and simultaneously tracked the full array of Vα and Vβ transcripts. CONCLUSIONS DTEA can rapidly and sensitively track changes in TCRVα and Vβ gene usages in T-cell pools following immune interventions, such as adoptive T-cell transfer, and may also be used to assess impact of vaccination or reconstitution of T-cell compartment after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minying Zhang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, Unit 904, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Nikolich-Žugich J, Li G, Uhrlaub JL, Renkema KR, Smithey MJ. Age-related changes in CD8 T cell homeostasis and immunity to infection. Semin Immunol 2012; 24:356-64. [PMID: 22554418 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2012.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies of CD8 T cell responses to vaccination or infection with various pathogens in both animal models and human subjects have revealed a markedly consistent array of age-related defects. In general, recent work shows that aged CD8 T cell responses are decreased in magnitude, and show poor differentiation into effector cells, with a reduced arsenal of effector functions. Here we review potential mechanisms underlying these defects. We specifically address phenotypic and numeric changes to the naïve CD8 T cell precursor pool, the impact of persistent viral infection(s) and inflammation, and contributions of the aging environment in which these cells are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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The CD3-zeta chimeric antigen receptor overcomes TCR Hypo-responsiveness of human terminal late-stage T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30713. [PMID: 22292024 PMCID: PMC3264628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive therapy of malignant diseases with tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells showed remarkable efficacy in recent trials. Repetitive T cell receptor (TCR) engagement of target antigen, however, inevitably ends up in hypo-responsive cells with terminally differentiated KLRG-1+ CD57+ CD7− phenotype limiting their therapeutic efficacy. We here revealed that hypo-responsiveness of CMV-specific late-stage CD8+ T cells is due to reduced TCR synapse formation compared to younger cells. Membrane anchoring of TCR components contributes to T cell hypo-responsiveness since dislocation of galectin-3 from the synapse by swainsonine restored both TCR synapse formation and T cell response. Transgenic expression of a CD3-zeta signaling chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) recovered hypo-responsive T cells to full effector functions indicating that the defect is restricted to TCR membrane components while synapse formation of the transgenic CAR was not blocked. CAR engineered late-stage T cells released cytokines and mediated redirected cytotoxicity as efficiently as younger effector T cells. Our data provide a rationale for TCR independent, CAR mediated activation in the adoptive cell therapy to avoid hypo-responsiveness of late-stage T cells upon repetitive antigen encounter.
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Ohyashiki M, Ohyashiki JH, Hirota A, Kobayashi C, Ohyashiki K. Age-related decrease of miRNA-92a levels in human CD8+ T-cells correlates with a reduction of naïve T lymphocytes. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2011; 8:11. [PMID: 22082184 PMCID: PMC3225295 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-8-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-17-92a expression plays a crucial role in lymphocyte ontogeny. We therefore set out to determine miR-92a expression levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy subjects to ascertain any association between these levels and ageing. We found a positive correlation between the miR-92a expression level and the percentages of RO-CD8+CD27+ (P = 0.0046) and CD3+CD8+CD62L+ (P = 0.0011). This suggests that the majority of miR-92a of CD8+ T cells is derived from naïve cells, and the miR-92a expression level in CD8+ T cells declines progressively with age. These results indicate that the age-related attrition of naïve T cells is linked to a reduction of miR-92a in human T -lymphocytes. Therefore, we should careful attention when evaluating human miRNA levels in T lymphocytes to use normal control values.
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Du W, Shen H, Galan A, Goldstein DR. An age-specific CD8+ T cell pathway that impairs the effectiveness of strategies to prolong allograft survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:3631-40. [PMID: 21873523 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Age-related decline in immunity can impair cell-mediated responses during an infection, malignancy, and acute allograft rejection. Although much research has been allocated to understand the immune responses that impact the former two conditions, the cellular mechanisms by which aging impacts the immune acceptance of organ allografts are not completely clear. In this study, we examined how recipient age impacts the efficacy of therapies that modulate immune recognition of allografts using an immunogenic murine skin transplant model. We found that costimulatory blockade-based treatment failed to extend allograft survival in older recipients to the same extent as that observed in younger recipients. CD8(+) T cells were critical for the inability of aged recipients to achieve maximal allograft survival. Although aged mice displayed a larger number of effector memory T cells prior to transplantation, these cells did not exhibit enhanced alloreactivity compared with young memory T cells. In contrast, naive aged CD8(+) T cells exhibited enhanced IFN-γ production to allostimulation compared with young naive T cells. Our results provide evidence that aging enhances CD8(+) T cell alloreactivity. This could impair the ability of costimulatory blockade-based therapies to prolong allograft survival. Thus, targeting CD8(+) T cells in humans may be a way to improve outcomes in older patients requiring immune modulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06525, USA
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