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Qin QZ, Tang J, Wang CY, Xu ZQ, Tian M. Construction by artificial intelligence and immunovalidation of hypoallergenic mite allergen Der f 36 vaccine. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325998. [PMID: 38601166 PMCID: PMC11004385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The house dust mite (HDM) is widely recognized as the most prevalent allergen in allergic diseases. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has been successfully implemented in clinical treatment for HDM. Hypoallergenic B-cell epitope-based vaccine designed by artificial intelligence (AI) represents a significant progression of recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives. Method The three-dimensional protein structure of Der f 36 was constructed using Alphafold2. AI-based tools were employed to predict B-cell epitopes, which were subsequently verified through IgE-reaction testing. Hypoallergenic Der f 36 was then synthesized, expressed, and purified. The reduced allergenicity was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunoblotting, and basophil activation test. T-cell response to hypoallergenic Der f 36 and Der f 36 was evaluated based on cytokine expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients. The immunogenicity was evaluated and compared through rabbit immunization with hypoallergenic Der f 36 and Der f 36, respectively. The inhibitory effect of the blocking IgG antibody on the specific IgE-binding activity and basophil activation of Der f 36 allergen was also examined. Results The final selected non-allergic B-cell epitopes were 25-48, 57-67, 107-112, 142-151, and 176-184. Hypoallergenic Der f 36 showed significant reduction in IgE-binding activity. The competitive inhibition of IgE-binding to Der f 36 was investigated using the hypoallergenic Der f 36, and only 20% inhibition could be achieved, which is greatly reduced when compared with inhibition by Der f 36 (98%). The hypoallergenic Der f 36 exhibited a low basophil-stimulating ratio similar to that of the negative control, and it could induce an increasing level of IFN-γ but not Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in PBMCs. The vaccine-specific rabbit blocking IgG antibodies could inhibit the patients' IgE binding and basophil stimulation activity of Derf 36. Conclusion This study represents the first application of an AI strategy to facilitate the development of a B-cell epitope-based hypoallergenic Der f 36 vaccine, which may become a promising immunotherapy for HDM-allergic patients due to its reduced allergenicity and its high immunogenicity in inducing blocking of IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Zhi Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Pediatric Department, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xu
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- National Vaccine Innovation Platform, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Man Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Jin J, Wan Y, Shu Q, Liu J, Lai D. Knowledge mapping and research trends of IL-33 from 2004 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158323. [PMID: 37153553 PMCID: PMC10157155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background IL-33 has been studied widely but its comprehensive and systematic bibliometric analysis is yet available. The present study is to summarize the research progress of IL-33 through bibliometric analysis. Methods The publications related to IL-33 were identified and selected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 7 December 2022. The downloaded data was analyzed with bibliometric package in R software. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct IL-33 bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis. Results From 1 January 2004 to 7 December 2022, 4711 articles on IL-33 research published in 1009 academic journals by 24652 authors in 483 institutions from 89 countries were identified. The number of articles had grown steadily over this period. The United States of America(USA) and China are the major contributors in the field of research while University of Tokyo and University of Glasgow are the most active institutions. The most prolific journal is Frontiers in Immunology, while the Journal of Immunity is the top 1 co-cited journal. Andrew N. J. Mckenzie published the most significant number of articles and Jochen Schmitz was co-cited most. The major fields of these publications are immunology, cell biology, and biochemistry & molecular biology. After analysis, the high-frequency keywords of IL-33 research related to molecular biology (sST2, IL-1), immunological effects (type 2 immunity, Th2 cells), and diseases (asthma, cancer, cardiovascular diseases). Among these, the involvement of IL-33 in the regulation of type 2 inflammation has strong research potential and is a current research hotspot. Conclusion The present study quantifies and identifies the current research status and trends of IL-33 using bibliometric and knowledge mapping analysis. This study may offer the direction of IL-33-related research for scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Jin
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yantong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dengming Lai, ; Jinghua Liu,
| | - Dengming Lai
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dengming Lai, ; Jinghua Liu,
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de Lima LC, Cruz ÁA, Costa RDS, Silva HDS, Coelho RS, Teixeira HM, Oliveira PR, Barnes KC, Figueiredo CA, Carneiro VL. TSLP and IL25 variants are related to asthma and atopy. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Ham J, Lim M, Kim D, Kim HY. Memory-like innate lymphoid cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1005517. [PMID: 36466877 PMCID: PMC9712946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1005517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered innate immune cells that reside and self-renew in mucosal tissues and serve as the first line of defense against various external insults. They include natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. The development and functions of ILC1-3 reflect those of their adaptive immunity TH1, TH2, and TH17 T-cell counterparts. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease caused by repeated exposure to specific allergens or host/environmental factors (e.g., obesity) that stimulate pathogenic pulmonary immune cells, including ILCs. Memory used to be a hallmark of adaptive immune cells until recent studies of monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells showed that innate immune cells can also exhibit greater responses to re-stimulation and that these more responsive cells can be long-lived. Besides, a series of studies suggest that the tissue-resident innate lymphoid cells have memory-like phenotypes, such as increased cytokine productions or epigenetic modifications following repetitive exposure to allergens. Notably, both clinical and mouse studies of asthma show that various allergens can generate memory-like features in ILC2s. Here, we discuss the biology of ILCs, their roles in asthma pathogenesis, and the evidence supporting ILC memory. We also show evidence suggesting memory ILCs could help drive the phenotypic heterogeneity in asthma. Thus, further research on memory ILCs may be fruitful in terms of developing new therapies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Ham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - MinYeong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dongmo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Wang W, Sinha A, Lutter R, Yang J, Ascoli C, Sterk PJ, Nemsick NK, Perkins DL, Finn PW. Analysis of Exosomal MicroRNA Dynamics in Response to Rhinovirus Challenge in a Longitudinal Case-Control Study of Asthma. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112444. [PMID: 36366542 PMCID: PMC9695046 DOI: 10.3390/v14112444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma symptoms are often exacerbated by the common-cold-causing rhinovirus (RV). In this study, we characterized the temporal behavior of circulating exosomal microRNAs (ExoMiRNAs) in a longitudinal bi-phasic case-control study of mild asthmatics (n = 12) and matched non-atopic healthy controls (n = 12) inoculated with rhinovirus. We aimed to define clinical and immunologic characteristics associated with differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs. In total, 26 DE ExoMiRNAs, including hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-101-3p, and hsa-miR-126-3p, were identified between asthmatic and healthy subjects after inoculation with RV. Time series clustering identified a unique Cluster of Upregulated DE ExoMiRNAs with augmenting mean expression and a distinct Cluster of Downregulated DE ExoMiRNAs with mean expression decline in asthmatic subjects upon RV challenge. Notably, the Upregulated Cluster correlated with Th1 and interferon-induced cytokines/chemokines (IFN-γ and IFN-γ-inducible protein-10) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Conversely, the Downregulated Cluster correlated with IL-13, a Th2 cytokine, pulmonary function measurements (FVC%, FEV1%, and PEF%), and inflammatory biomarkers (FeNO, eosinophil%, and neutrophil%). Key ExoMiRNA-target gene and anti-viral defense mechanisms of the Upregulated and Downregulated Clusters were identified by network and gene enrichment analyses. Our findings provide insight into the regulatory role of ExoMiRNAs in RV-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangfei Wang
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Anirban Sinha
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Lutter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Christian Ascoli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Peter J. Sterk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole K. Nemsick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - David L. Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kim SR. Viral Infection and Airway Epithelial Immunity in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9914. [PMID: 36077310 PMCID: PMC9456547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory tract infections are associated with asthma development and exacerbation in children and adults. In the course of immune responses to viruses, airway epithelial cells are the initial platform of innate immunity against viral invasion. Patients with severe asthma are more vulnerable than those with mild to moderate asthma to viral infections. Furthermore, in most cases, asthmatic patients tend to produce lower levels of antiviral cytokines than healthy subjects, such as interferons produced from immune effector cells and airway epithelial cells. The epithelial inflammasome appears to contribute to asthma exacerbation through overactivation, leading to self-damage, despite its naturally protective role against infectious pathogens. Given the mixed and complex immune responses in viral-infection-induced asthma exacerbation, this review examines the diverse roles of airway epithelial immunity and related potential therapeutic targets and discusses the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous manifestations of asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Ri Kim
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Jeonbuk National University, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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7
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Al Busaidi N, Alweqayyan A, Al Zaabi A, Mahboub B, Al-Huraish F, Hameed M, Al-Ahmad M, Khadadah M, Al Lawati N, Behbehani N, Al Jabri O, Salman R, Al Mubaihsi S, Al Raisi S. Gulf Asthma Diagnosis and Management in Adults: Expert Review and Recommendations. Open Respir Med J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18743064-v16-e2205230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of asthma are increasing globally because of genetic and environmental influences. Prevalence of asthma in the Gulf has been reported to range from 4.7% to 32.0% and has a substantial economic burden. In this paper, we summarize current asthma management guidance for adults, present insights, and recommendations by key opinion leaders (KOLs) in the Gulf region, and key performance indicators for guiding clinical practice for asthma diagnosis, management, and treatment in the Gulf. While it is recommended that the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines should be followed wherever possible for the management of asthma, KOLs in the Gulf region have presented additional recommendations based on regional challenges and insights. There is a need for better diagnosis using objective testing, increased efforts in tackling the burden of comorbidities in the region, and greater provision of the necessary tools for phenotyping severe asthma. Furthermore, there is a need for greater education for physicians regarding asthma treatment, including the importance of inhaled-corticosteroid-containing controller medication. Regionally, there is also a need for specialist asthma clinics and asthma educators, which would serve to educate physicians and their patients as well as to improve the management of patients. Finally, the use of asthma registries, digital devices, and electronic templates would be of benefit in the management of asthma patients in the region.
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8
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Feng X, Lawrence MG, Payne SC, Mattos J, Etter E, Negri JA, Murphy D, Kennedy JL, Steinke JW, Borish L. Lower viral loads in subjects with rhinovirus-challenged allergy despite reduced innate immunity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 128:414-422.e2. [PMID: 35031416 PMCID: PMC10666001 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral infections, especially those caused by rhinovirus, are the most common cause of asthma exacerbations. Previous studies have argued that impaired innate antiviral immunity and, as a consequence, more severe infections contribute to these exacerbations. OBJECTIVE These studies explored the innate immune response in the upper airway of volunteers with allergic rhinitis and asthma in comparison to healthy controls and interrogated how these differences corresponded to severity of infection. METHODS Volunteers with allergic rhinitis, those with asthma, and those who are healthy were inoculated with rhinovirus A16 and monitored for clinical symptoms. Tissue and nasal wash samples were evaluated for antiviral signature and viral load. RESULTS Both subjects with allergic rhinitis and asthma were found to have more severe cold symptoms. Subjects with asthma had worsened asthma control and increased bronchial hyperreactivity in the setting of higher fractional exhaled breath nitric oxide and blood eosinophils. These studies confirmed reduced expression of interferons and virus-specific pattern recognition receptors in both cohorts with atopy. Nevertheless, despite this defect in innate immunity, volunteers with allergic rhinitis/asthma had reduced rhinovirus concentrations in comparison to the controls. CONCLUSION These results confirm that the presence of an allergic inflammatory disorder of the airway is associated with reduced innate immune responsive to rhinovirus infection. Despite this, these volunteers with allergy have reduced viral loads, arguing for the presence of a compensatory mechanism to clear the infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02910401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology (Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Monica G Lawrence
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Spencer C Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jose Mattos
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Elaine Etter
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Julie A Negri
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Deborah Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joshua L Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - John W Steinke
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Larry Borish
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
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9
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Dual Effect of Immune Cells within Tumour Microenvironment: Pro- and Anti-Tumour Effects and Their Triggers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071681. [PMID: 35406451 PMCID: PMC8996887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our body is constantly exposed to pathogens or external threats, but with the immune response that our body can develop, we can fight off and defeat possible attacks or infections. Nevertheless, sometimes this threat comes from an internal factor. Situations such as the existence of a tumour also cause our immune system (IS) to be put on alert. Indeed, the link between immunology and cancer is evident these days, with IS being used as one of the important targets for treating cancer. Our IS is able to eliminate those abnormal or damaged cells found in our body, preventing the uncontrolled proliferation of tumour cells that can lead to cancer. However, in several cases, tumour cells can escape from the IS. It has been observed that immune cells, the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, fat cells and various molecules could support tumour growth and development. Thus, the developing tumour receives structural support, irrigation and energy, among other resources, making its survival and progression possible. All these components that accompany and help the tumour to survive and to grow are called the tumour microenvironment (TME). Given the importance of its presence in the tumour development process, this review will focus on one of the components of the TME: immune cells. Immune cells can support anti-tumour immune response protecting us against tumour cells; nevertheless, they can also behave as pro-tumoural cells, thus promoting tumour progression and survival. In this review, the anti-tumour and pro-tumour immunity of several immune cells will be discussed. In addition, the TME influence on this dual effect will be also analysed.
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Zhang L, Meng W, Chen X, Ning Y, Sun M, Wang R. MiR-150-5p regulates the functions of type 2 innate lymphoid cells via the ICAM-1/p38 MAPK axis in allergic rhinitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1009-1022. [PMID: 34988856 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) exert an increasingly important influence on the pathological process of allergic rhinitis (AR), which is affected by microRNAs-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. This study aims to investigate the function of miR-150-5p in AR patients and the mouse model of AR. The mouse model of AR was established using the OVA challenge. The expressions of miR-150-5p, ICAM-1, p-p38 and p-GATA-3 were evaluated via RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The level of ILC2s was examined with flow cytometry. Concentrations of OVA-specific IgE, IL-13 and IL-5 in serum were evaluated using ELISA. Histopathological examination was conducted through H&E staining. The interplay between ICAM-1 and miR-150-5p was determined through the DLR assay. The decreased miR-150-5p expression and increased ICAM-1, p-p38 and p-GATA-3 expressions and ILC2s levels were detected in AR patients and AR mice compared with controls. Treatment with miR-150-5p lentivirus alleviated AR symptoms (sneezing, rubbing, mucosa inflammation, serum type 2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE) and lowered the ILC2s level in AR mice. MiR-150-5p was found to directly bind to 3'-UTR of ICAM-1 and downregulate ICAM-1 expression, thereby descending the level of p-p38, p-GATA-3 and suppressing ILC2s function to alleviate AR symptoms. Treatment with Lenti-ICAM-1 counteracted these protective effects of miR-150-5p. Upregulation of miR-150-5p repressed the ICAM-1/p38 axis which was vital to ILC2s development and function, thereby alleviating allergic symptoms of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhang
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangjing Chen
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunhong Ning
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250011, Shandong Province, China
| | - Renzhong Wang
- Department of ENT, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.42, Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, 250011, Shandong Province, China.
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11
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Huang YK, Busuttil RA, Boussioutas A. The Role of Innate Immune Cells in Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235885. [PMID: 34884995 PMCID: PMC8656477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor invasion and metastasis are one of the main reasons patients succumb to cancer. In this review, we summarize recent studies which provide evidence on the involvement of cells of the innate immune system and their function in invasion and metastasis. Abstract Metastasis is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer and enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis is significantly associated with cancer mortality. Metastasis occurs via a series of integrated processes involving tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. The innate immune components of the microenvironment have been shown to engage with tumor cells and not only regulate their proliferation and survival, but also modulate the surrounding environment to enable cancer progression. In the era of immune therapies, it is critical to understand how different innate immune cell populations are involved in this process. This review summarizes recent literature describing the roles of innate immune cells during the tumor metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kuan Huang
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Rita A. Busuttil
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Alex Boussioutas
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.-K.H.); (R.A.B.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kanno T, Nakajima T, Kawashima Y, Yokoyama S, Asou HK, Sasamoto S, Hayashizaki K, Kinjo Y, Ohara O, Nakayama T, Endo Y. Acsbg1-dependent mitochondrial fitness is a metabolic checkpoint for tissue T reg cell homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109921. [PMID: 34758300 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for immunological tolerance and immune homeostasis. Treg cells strongly rely on mitochondrial metabolism and show a lower level of glycolysis. However, little is known about the role of lipid metabolism in the regulation of Treg cell homeostasis. Some members of the ACSL family of acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthases are expressed in T cells, but their function remains unclear. A combination of RNA-sequencing and proteome analyses shows that Acsbg1, a member of ACSL, is selectively expressed in Treg cells. We show that the genetic deletion of Acsbg1 not only causes mitochondrial dysfunction, but it also dampens other metabolic pathways. The extrinsic supplementation of Acsbg1-deficient Treg cells with oleoyl-CoA restores the phenotype of the Treg metabolic signature. Furthermore, this pathway in ST2+ effector Treg cells enhances immunosuppressive capacity in airway inflammation. Thus, Acsbg1 serves as a metabolic checkpoint governing Treg cell homeostasis and the resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Kanno
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hikari K Asou
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Shigemi Sasamoto
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Koji Hayashizaki
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan; AMED-CREST, AMED, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yusuke Endo
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Department of Frontier Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan; Department of Omics Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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13
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Medina CB, Chiu YH, Stremska ME, Lucas CD, Poon I, Tung KS, Elliott MR, Desai B, Lorenz UM, Bayliss DA, Ravichandran KS. Pannexin 1 channels facilitate communication between T cells to restrict the severity of airway inflammation. Immunity 2021; 54:1715-1727.e7. [PMID: 34283971 PMCID: PMC8363584 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is driven by type-2 CD4+ T cell inflammatory responses. We uncover an immunoregulatory role for the nucleotide release channel, Panx1, in T cell crosstalk during airway disease. Inverse correlations between Panx1 and asthmatics and our mouse models revealed the necessity, specificity, and sufficiency of Panx1 in T cells to restrict inflammation. Global Panx1-/- mice experienced exacerbated airway inflammation, and T-cell-specific deletion phenocopied Panx1-/- mice. A transgenic designed to re-express Panx1 in T cells reversed disease severity in global Panx1-/- mice. Panx1 activation occurred in pro-inflammatory T effector (Teff) and inhibitory T regulatory (Treg) cells and mediated the extracellular-nucleotide-based Treg-Teff crosstalk required for suppression of Teff cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies identified a Salt-inducible kinase-dependent phosphorylation of Panx1 serine 205 important for channel activation. A genetically targeted mouse expressing non-phosphorylatable Panx1S205A phenocopied the exacerbated inflammation in Panx1-/- mice. These data identify Panx1-dependent Treg:Teff cell communication in restricting airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Medina
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yu-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30071, Taiwan
| | - Marta E Stremska
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ivan Poon
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Kenneth S Tung
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bimal Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ulrike M Lorenz
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; VIB/UGent Inflammation Research Centre and the Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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14
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Yuan X, Rasul F, Nashan B, Sun C. Innate lymphoid cells and cancer: Role in tumor progression and inhibition. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2188-2205. [PMID: 34189723 PMCID: PMC8457100 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), a critical component of the immune system, have recently been nominated as emerging players associated with tumor progression and inhibition. ILCs are classified into five groups: natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTis) cells. NK cells and ILC1s are mainly involved in antitumor activities due to their cytotoxic and cytokine production capabilities, respectively. The current understanding of the heterogeneous behavior of ILC2s and ILC3s in tumors is limited and incomplete. Mostly, their dual roles are modulated by their resident tissues, released cytokines, cancer types, and plasticity. Based on overlap RORγt and cytokine expression, the LTi cells were previously considered part of the ILC3s ontogeny, which are essential for the formation of the secondary lymphoid organs during embryogenesis. Indeed, these facts highlight the urgency in understanding the respective mechanisms that shape the phenotypes and responses of ILCs, either on the repressive or proliferative side in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review aims to provide an updated view of ILCs biology with respect to tumorigenesis, including a description of ILC plasticity, their interaction with other immune cells and communication with components of the TME. Taken together, targeting ILCs for cancer immunotherapy could be a promising approach against tumors that needs to be further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yuan
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Faiz Rasul
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Björn Nashan
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Transplant & Immunology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Organ Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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15
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Kim J, Ryu S, Kim HY. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Tissue Homeostasis and Disease Pathogenesis. Mol Cells 2021; 44:301-309. [PMID: 33972473 PMCID: PMC8175152 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered family of innate immune cells. ILCs can be categorized into three groups on the basis of the transcription factors that direct their functions and the cytokines they produce. Notably, these functions parallel the effector functions of T lymphocytes. ILCs play a frontline role in host defense and tissue homeostasis by responding rapidly to environmental factors, conducting effector responses in a tissue-specific manner, and interacting with hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells throughout the body. Moreover, recent studies reveal that ILCs are involved in development of various inflammatory diseases, such as respiratory diseases, autoimmune diseases, or cancer. In this review, we discuss the recent findings regarding the biology of ILCs in health and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seungwon Ryu
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 03080, Korea
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16
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Reyes-García J, Montaño LM, Carbajal-García A, Wang YX. Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:259-321. [PMID: 34019274 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a characteristic marker in numerous lung disorders. Several immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, as well as T and B lymphocytes, synthetize and release cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. Gender differences in the incidence and severity of inflammatory lung ailments including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung cancer (LC), and infectious related illnesses have been reported. Moreover, the effects of sex hormones on both androgens and estrogens, such as testosterone (TES) and 17β-estradiol (E2), driving characteristic inflammatory patterns in those lung inflammatory diseases have been investigated. In general, androgens seem to display anti-inflammatory actions, whereas estrogens produce pro-inflammatory effects. For instance, androgens regulate negatively inflammation in asthma by targeting type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and T-helper (Th)-2 cells to attenuate interleukin (IL)-17A-mediated responses and leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis pathway. Estrogens may promote neutrophilic inflammation in subjects with asthma and COPD. Moreover, the activation of estrogen receptors might induce tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we summarize the most recent advances in the functional roles and associated signaling pathways of inflammatory cellular responses in asthma, COPD, PF, LC, and newly occurring COVID-19 disease. We also meticulously deliberate the influence of sex steroids on the development and progress of these common and severe lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Reyes-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abril Carbajal-García
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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17
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Nakatsuka Y, Yaku A, Handa T, Vandenbon A, Hikichi Y, Motomura Y, Sato A, Yoshinaga M, Tanizawa K, Watanabe K, Hirai T, Chin K, Suzuki Y, Uehata T, Mino T, Tsujimura T, Moro K, Takeuchi O. Profibrotic function of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cells is controlled by regnase-1. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00018-2020. [PMID: 32978308 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00018-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Regnase-1 is an RNase critical for post-transcriptional control of pulmonary immune homeostasis in mice by degrading immune-related mRNAs. However, little is known about the cell types Regnase-1 controls in the lung, and its relevance to human pulmonary diseases.Regnase-1-dependent changes in lung immune cell types were examined by a competitive bone marrow transfer mouse model, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified. Then the associations between Regnase-1 in ILC2s and human diseases were investigated by transcriptome analysis and a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. The clinical significance of Regnase-1 in ILC2s was further assessed using patient-derived cells.Regnase-1-deficiency resulted in the spontaneous proliferation and activation of ILC2s in the lung. Intriguingly, genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis were highly upregulated in Regnase-1-deficient ILC2s compared with wild-type, and supplementation of Regnase-1-deficient ILC2s augmented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Regnase-1 suppresses mRNAs encoding transcription factors Gata3 and Egr1, which are potent to regulate fibrosis-associated genes. Clinically, Regnase-1 protein levels in ILC2 negatively correlated with the ILC2 population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with ILC2s >1500 cells·mL-1 peripheral blood exhibited poorer prognosis than patients with lower numbers, implying the contribution of Regnase-1 in ILC2s for the progression of IPF.Collectively, Regnase-1 was identified as a critical post-transcriptional regulator of the profibrotic function of ILC2s both in mouse and human, suggesting that Regnase-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinari Nakatsuka
- Dept of Respiratory Care and Sleep Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ai Yaku
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Dept of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Handa
- Dept of Advanced Medicine for Respiratory Failure, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alexis Vandenbon
- Laboratory of Systems Virology, Dept of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Hikichi
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Motomura
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayuko Sato
- Dept of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshinaga
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Tanizawa
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kizuku Watanabe
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toyohiro Hirai
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Dept of Respiratory Care and Sleep Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Dept of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Uehata
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyo Moro
- Laboratory for Innate Immune Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.,Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Dept of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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18
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Yang D, Guo X, Huang T, Liu C. The Role of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Lung Infection and Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:586471. [PMID: 33718260 PMCID: PMC7947361 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.586471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is constantly exposed to environmental particulates such as aeroallergens, pollutants, or microorganisms and is protected by a poised immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of immune cells found in a variety of tissue sites, particularly barrier surfaces such as the lung and the intestine. ILCs play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and they are involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling, and pathogen clearance. In recent years, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as key mediators of mucosal protection and repair during infection, mainly through IL-17 and IL-22 production. Although research on ILC3s has become focused on the intestinal immunity, the biology and function of pulmonary ILC3s in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and in the development of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases remain elusive. In this review, we will mainly discuss how pulmonary ILC3s act on protection against pathogen challenge and pulmonary inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinning Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuntao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Trivedi A, Khan MA, Bade G, Talwar A. Orchestration of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (Nets), a Unique Innate Immune Function during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Development. Biomedicines 2021; 9:53. [PMID: 33435568 PMCID: PMC7826777 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity, mortality and economic burden caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant global concern. Surprisingly, COPD is already the third leading cause of death worldwide, something that WHO had not predicted to occur until 2030. It is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airway limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles of gases. Neutrophil is one of the key infiltrated innate immune cells in the lung during the pathogenesis of COPD. Neutrophils during pathogenic attack or injury decide to undergo for a suicidal death by releasing decondensed chromatin entangled with antimicrobial peptides to trap and ensnare pathogens. Casting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been widely demonstrated to be an effective mechanism against invading microorganisms thus controlling overwhelming infections. However, aberrant and massive NETs formation has been reported in several pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, NETs can directly induce epithelial and endothelial cell death resulting in impairing pulmonary function and accelerating the progression of the disease. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of NET formation is the need of the hour in order to use NETs for beneficial purpose and controlling their involvement in disease exacerbation. For example, DNA neutralization of NET proteins using protease inhibitors and disintegration with recombinant human DNase would be helpful in controlling excess NETs. Targeting CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) would also reduce neutrophilic inflammation, mucus production and neutrophil-proteinase mediated tissue destruction in lung. In this review, we discuss the interplay of NETs in the development and pathophysiology of COPD and how these NETs associated therapies could be leveraged to disrupt NETopathic inflammation as observed in COPD, for better management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Trivedi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Meraj A. Khan
- Translational Medicine, SickKids Research Institute, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Geetanjali Bade
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
| | - Anjana Talwar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India; (A.T.); (G.B.)
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20
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Innate IL-17A Enhances IL-33-Independent Skin Eosinophilia and IgE Response on Subcutaneous Papain Sensitization. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:105-113.e14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Zhou L, Zheng T, Zhu Z. Generation and Characterization of Inducible Lung and Skin-Specific IL-22 Transgenic Mice. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2223:115-132. [PMID: 33226591 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1001-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-22 is an IL-10 family cytokine that is increased in asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the specific role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of allergic lung inflammation and AD in vivo has yet to be elucidated. We aimed to develop mouse models of allergic diseases in the lung and skin with inducible and tissue-specific expression of IL-22, using a tetracycline (Tet)-controlled system. In this chapter, we describe a series of protocols we have developed to generate a construct that contains the TRE-Tight promoter and mouse IL-22 cDNA based on this system. Furthermore, we describe how to generate TRE-Tight-IL-22 mice through pronuclear microinjection. In our approach, two Tet-on (CC10-rtTA or SPC-rtTA) and a Tet-off (K5-tTA) transgenic mouse lines are selected to crossbreed with TRE-Tight-IL-22 mice to generate inducible tissue-specific transgenic lines. The transgenic strains, CC10-rtTA/TRE-Tight-IL-22 (CC10-rtTA-IL-22) or SPC-rtTA/TRE-Tight-IL-22 (SPC-rtTA-IL-22) mice, do not produce detectable levels of IL-22 in their bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples in the absence of doxycycline (Dox). However, oral Dox treatment of these mice induces IL-22 expression in the BAL, and the airway and lung epithelial cells. For K5-tTA/TRE-Tight-IL-22 (K5-tTA-IL-22) mice, to avoid potential IL-22 toxicity to mouse embryos, Dox is given starting at the time of breeding to suppress tTA and to keep the IL-22 transgene off until the K5-tTA-IL-22 mice are 6 weeks old. Experiments are then initiated by withdrawing Dox from the drinking water. In all cases, IL-22 protein can be detected by immunohistochemistry in the skin of Tg(+) animals, but not in the skin of Tg(-) animals. Utilizing transgenic technology based on the Tetracycline-controlled system, we have established inducible transgenic mouse models in which cytokine IL-22 can be expressed specifically in the lung or skin. These models are valuable for studies in vivo in a broad range of diseases involving IL-22 and will provide a new platform for research and for seeking novel therapeutics in the fields of inflammation, asthma, and allergic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Animal Bio-Safety Level III Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhou Zhu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
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22
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Meyer AR, Engevik AC, Madorsky T, Belmont E, Stier MT, Norlander AE, Pilkinton MA, McDonnell WJ, Weis JA, Jang B, Mallal SA, Peebles RS, Goldenring JR. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Coordinate Damage Response in the Stomach. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:2077-2091.e8. [PMID: 32891625 PMCID: PMC7726005 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Severe injury to the lining of the stomach leads to changes in the epithelium (reprogramming) that protect and promote repair of the tissue, including development of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) and tuft and foveolar cell hyperplasia. Acute gastric damage elicits a type-2 inflammatory response that includes production of type-2 cytokines and infiltration by eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages. Stomachs of mice that lack interleukin 33 (IL33) or interleukin 13 (IL13) did not undergo epithelial reprogramming after drug-induced injury. We investigated the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in gastric epithelial repair. METHODS Acute gastric injury was induced in C57BL/6J mice (wild-type and RAG1 knockout) by administration of L635. We isolated ILC2s by flow cytometry from stomachs of mice that were and were not given L635 and performed single-cell RNA sequencing. ILC2s were depleted from wild-type and RAG1-knockout mice by administration of anti-CD90.2. We assessed gastric cell lineages, markers of metaplasia, inflammation, and proliferation. Gastric tissue microarrays from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed by immunostaining. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the number of GATA3-positive ILC2s in stomach tissues from wild-type mice after L635-induced damage, but not in stomach tissues from IL33-knockout mice. We characterized a marker signature of gastric mucosal ILC2s and identified a transcription profile of metaplasia-associated ILC2s, which included changes in expression of Il5, Il13, Csf2, Pd1, and Ramp3; these changes were validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry. Depletion of ILC2s from mice blocked development of metaplasia after L635-induced injury in wild-type and RAG1-knockout mice and prevented foveolar and tuft cell hyperplasia and infiltration or activation of macrophages after injury. Numbers of ILC2s were increased in stomach tissues from patients with SPEM compared with patients with normal corpus mucosa. CONCLUSIONS In analyses of stomach tissues from mice with gastric tissue damage and patients with SPEM, we found evidence of type 2 inflammation and increased numbers of ILC2s. Our results suggest that ILC2s coordinate the metaplastic response to severe gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Meyer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy C Engevik
- Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Matthew T Stier
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Allison E Norlander
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jared A Weis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Bogun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Infectious Disease, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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23
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Breiteneder H, Peng Y, Agache I, Diamant Z, Eiwegger T, Fokkens WJ, Traidl‐Hoffmann C, Nadeau K, O'Hehir RE, O'Mahony L, Pfaar O, Torres MJ, Wang D, Zhang L, Akdis CA. Biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of therapy responses in allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy 2020; 75:3039-3068. [PMID: 32893900 PMCID: PMC7756301 DOI: 10.1111/all.14582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern health care requires a proactive and individualized response to diseases, combining precision diagnosis and personalized treatment. Accordingly, the approach to patients with allergic diseases encompasses novel developments in the area of personalized medicine, disease phenotyping and endotyping, and the development and application of reliable biomarkers. A detailed clinical history and physical examination followed by the detection of IgE immunoreactivity against specific allergens still represents the state of the art. However, nowadays, further emphasis focuses on the optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic standards and a large number of studies have been investigating the biomarkers of allergic diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, food allergy, urticaria and anaphylaxis. Various biomarkers have been developed by omics technologies, some of which lead to a better classification of distinct phenotypes or endotypes. The introduction of biologicals to clinical practice increases the need for biomarkers for patient selection, prediction of outcomes and monitoring, to allow for an adequate choice of the duration of these costly and long‐lasting therapies. Escalating healthcare costs together with questions about the efficacy of the current management of allergic diseases require further development of a biomarker‐driven approach. Here, we review biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, viral infections, chronic rhinosinusitis, food allergy, drug hypersensitivity and allergen immunotherapy with a special emphasis on specific IgE, the microbiome and the epithelial barrier. In addition, EAACI guidelines on biologicals are discussed within the perspective of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ya‐Qi Peng
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland
- CK CARE Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ioana Agache
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Faculty of Medicine Transylvania University of Brasov Brasov Romania
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology Institute for Clinical Science Skane University Hospital Lund University Lund Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology University of GroningenUniversity Medical Center Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute Hospital for Sick Children Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Division of Immunology and Allergy Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program The Hospital for Sick Children Departments of Paediatrics and Immunology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Wytske J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centres Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- CK CARE Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & Health Technical University of Munich Freising‐Weihenstephan Germany
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | - Robyn E. O'Hehir
- Department of Allergy, immunology and Respiratory Medicine Central Clinical School Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
- Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service Alfred Health Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland National University of Ireland Cork Ireland
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Section of Rhinology and Allergy University Hospital MarburgPhilipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Maria J. Torres
- Allergy Unit Regional University Hospital of Malaga‐IBIMA‐UMA‐ARADyAL Malaga Spain
| | - De‐Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Allergy Beijing TongRen Hospital Beijing China
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland
- CK CARE Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
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24
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Ayelign B, Akalu Y, Teferi B, Molla MD, Shibabaw T. Helminth Induced Immunoregulation and Novel Therapeutic Avenue of Allergy. J Asthma Allergy 2020; 13:439-451. [PMID: 33116652 PMCID: PMC7548329 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s273556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases are increasing at an alarming rate worldwide, particularly in developed countries. In contrast, there is a decrease in the prevalence of helminthic infections and other neglected diseases. The hygiene hypothesis elaborates parasitic infection, and allergy-associated diseases have an inverse relationship. Acute helminthic infection and allergic reaction stimulate Type 2 helper cells (Th2) immune response with up-regulation of cytokines IL-4-, IL-5-, and IL-13-mediated IgE and mast cell production, as well as eosinophilia. However, people who chronically suffer from helminthic infections are demarcated through polarized Th2 resulting in alternative macrophage activation and T regulatory response. This regulatory system reduces allergy incidence in individuals that are chronically diseased through helminth. As a result, the excretory-secretory (ES) substance derived from parasites and extracellular vesicular components can be used as a novel therapeutic modality of allergy. Therefore, the aim of this review meticulously explored the link between helminth infection and allergy, and utilization of the helminth secretome for therapeutic immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Akalu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Banchamlak Teferi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Derbew Molla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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25
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Zhu Y, Liu Y, Zhu X, Wang Z, Wang M. Upregulation of miR-155 regulates group 2 innate lymphoid cells by targeting c-maf in allergic rhinitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173564. [PMID: 32946865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and Th2 type immune response are critically involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis (AR), and this pathological process is influenced by microRNAs-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. The present study investigated the adaptation and function of miR-155 in AR patients and mouse model. We found that significantly increased miR-155 expression (1.63 ± 0.12 vs. 0.92 ± 0.11 in human, and 1.68 ± 0.15 vs. 1.06 ± 0.06 in mice) and ILC2s activity in nasal mucosa and serum in AR patients and mice. Administration of miR-155 antagomir significantly reduced the activity of ILC2s in nasal mucosa, suppressed the production of Th2 cytokines in serum and nasal mucosa, and alleviated the airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR mice, while miR-155 agomir increased ILC2s activity and production of Th2 cytokines and induced airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in control mice. Meanwhile, the expression of transcriptional factor c-Maf (0.57 ± 0.05 vs. 0.37 ± 0.04) in nasal mucosa in AR mice, which was significantly recovered by miR-155 antagomir (0.56 ± 0.04). Treatment with miR-155 agomir decreased c-Maf expression in nasal mucosa in control mice. This synchronized with the similar pattern in the current observations that miR-155 regulated Th2 cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13) production, airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR mice. Together, upregulation miR-155 suppressed the expression of transcriptional factor c-Maf and was critically involved in the ILC2s activation, which contributed to the airway inflammation and allergic symptoms in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xinhua Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiqun Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
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26
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Varadé J, Magadán S, González-Fernández Á. Human immunology and immunotherapy: main achievements and challenges. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:805-828. [PMID: 32879472 PMCID: PMC7463107 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is a fascinating world of cells, soluble factors, interacting cells, and tissues, all of which are interconnected. The highly complex nature of the immune system makes it difficult to view it as a whole, but researchers are now trying to put all the pieces of the puzzle together to obtain a more complete picture. The development of new specialized equipment and immunological techniques, genetic approaches, animal models, and a long list of monoclonal antibodies, among many other factors, are improving our knowledge of this sophisticated system. The different types of cell subsets, soluble factors, membrane molecules, and cell functionalities are some aspects that we are starting to understand, together with their roles in health, aging, and illness. This knowledge is filling many of the gaps, and in some cases, it has led to changes in our previous assumptions; e.g., adaptive immune cells were previously thought to be unique memory cells until trained innate immunity was observed, and several innate immune cells with features similar to those of cytokine-secreting T cells have been discovered. Moreover, we have improved our knowledge not only regarding immune-mediated illnesses and how the immune system works and interacts with other systems and components (such as the microbiome) but also in terms of ways to manipulate this system through immunotherapy. The development of different types of immunotherapies, including vaccines (prophylactic and therapeutic), and the use of pathogens, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cytokines, and cellular immunotherapies, are changing the way in which we approach many diseases, especially cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jezabel Varadé
- CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Susana Magadán
- CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - África González-Fernández
- CINBIO, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidade de Vigo, Immunology Group, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS-Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.
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27
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Oishi K, Matsunaga K, Shirai T, Hirai K, Gon Y. Role of Type2 Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082670. [PMID: 32824775 PMCID: PMC7464674 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is typically thought to be driven by Type1 immune responses, while Type2 inflammation appears to be present in definite proportions in the stable state and during exacerbations. In fact, some COPD patients showed gene expression of Type2 inflammation in the airway, and this subset was associated with the inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) response. Interestingly enough, the relationship between COPD and diseases associated with Type2 inflammation from the perspective of impaired lung development is increasingly highlighted by recent epidemiologic studies on the origin of COPD. Therefore, many researchers have shown an interest in the prevalence and the role of existent Type2 biomarkers such as sputum and blood eosinophils, exhaled nitric oxide fraction, and atopy, not only in asthma but also in COPD. Although the evidence about Type2 biomarkers in COPD is inconsistent and less robust, Type2 biomarkers have shown some potential when analyzing various clinical outcomes or therapeutic response to ICS. In this article, we review the existent and emerging Type2 biomarkers with clinically higher applicability in the management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Oishi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2248
| | - Kazuto Matsunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan;
| | - Toshihiro Shirai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan;
| | - Keita Hirai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan;
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacogenomics, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8601, Japan;
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28
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Tan KS, Lim RL, Liu J, Ong HH, Tan VJ, Lim HF, Chung KF, Adcock IM, Chow VT, Wang DY. Respiratory Viral Infections in Exacerbation of Chronic Airway Inflammatory Diseases: Novel Mechanisms and Insights From the Upper Airway Epithelium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:99. [PMID: 32161756 PMCID: PMC7052386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations. In this review, we will focus on recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways. First, we reviewed the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Subsequently we also summarized how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations. Further we highlighted the importance of the virome within the airway microbiome environment and its impact on subsequent bacterial infection. This review consolidates the understanding of viral induced exacerbation in chronic airway inflammatory diseases and indicates pathways that may be targeted for more effective management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Liyu Lim
- Infectious Disease Research and Training Office, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian Jiayi Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Fang Lim
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent T Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Lyu B, Wei Z, Jiang L, Ma C, Yang G, Han S. MicroRNA-146a negatively regulates IL-33 in activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells by inhibiting IRAK1 and TRAF6. Genes Immun 2020; 21:37-44. [PMID: 31435003 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-019-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type II innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) play a very important role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. This study aims to investigate whether miR-146a inhibition of asthma is related with interleukin (IL)-33 signaling path way in ILC2 and the underlying mechanisms. Asthma mice model was induced by ovalbumin. miRNA146a mimics was administrated to asthma mice or transfected to activated ILC2 purified from asthma mice lung. RT-PCR was used to detect miRNA146a level in lung tissue and ILC2. IL-5 and IL-13 levels in culture supernatant were detected by flow cytometry. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) protein expression levels were detected by western blot. miR-146a directly inhibited ILC2 function and suppressed ILC2 proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. During stimulation of ILC2, miR-146a expression gradually increased with a decrease of cell proliferation. Modulation of ILC2 function by miR-146a may depend on IL-33/interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL1RL1 or ST2) signaling through inhibiting IRAK1 and TRAF6.miR-146a can inhibit IRAK1 and TRAF6, downstream molecules of ST2 signal pathway, thereby negatively regulate IL-33/ST2-activated ILC2 to inhibit asthma. Targeting miR-146 maybe a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beili Lyu
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, NO. 200 Huihe Road, 214000, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zicheng Wei
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, NO. 200 Huihe Road, 214000, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Liangxi District, 214002, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Liangxi District, 214002, Wuxi, China
| | - Guangxia Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, NO. 200 Huihe Road, 214000, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuguang Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Zhongshan Road, Liangxi District, 214002, Wuxi, China.
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30
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Ducimetière L, Vermeer M, Tugues S. The Interplay Between Innate Lymphoid Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2895. [PMID: 31921156 PMCID: PMC6923277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted roles of Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC) have been widely interrogated in tumor immunity. Whereas, Natural Killer (NK) cells possess undisputable tumor-suppressive properties across multiple types of cancer, the other ILC family members can either promote or inhibit tumor growth depending on the environmental conditions. The differential effects of ILCs on tumor outcome have been attributed to the high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity within the ILC family members. However, it is now becoming clear that ILCs responses are shaped by their dynamic crosstalk with the different components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review, we will give insights into the molecular and cellular players of the ILCs-TME interactions and we will discuss how we can use this knowledge to successfully harness the activity of ILCs for anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ducimetière
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijne Vermeer
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Cancer, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Song J, Lim HX, Lee A, Kim S, Lee JH, Kim TS. Staphylococcus succinus 14BME20 Prevents Allergic Airway Inflammation by Induction of Regulatory T Cells via Interleukin-10. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1269. [PMID: 31231389 PMCID: PMC6559308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease, which is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), high serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E, and recruitment of various inflammatory cells such as eosinophils and lymphocytes. Korean traditional fermented foods have been reported to exert beneficial effects against allergic diseases such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. In this study, we investigated whether Staphylococcus succinus strain 14BME20 (14BME20) isolated from doenjang, a traditional high-salt-fermented soybean food of Korea, exerts suppressive effects on allergic airway inflammation in a murine model. Mice were orally administered with 14BME20, then sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin as an allergen. Administration of the 14BME20 significantly suppressed AHR and influx of inflammatory cells into the lungs and reduced serum IgE levels. Moreover, the proportion of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and the production of Th2 cytokines were decreased in 14BME20-treated mice, whereas dendritic cells (DCs) with tolerogenic characteristics were increased. In contrast, oral administration of 14BME20 increased the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the level of interleukin (IL)-10 in 14BME20-treated mice. Furthermore, 14BME20 induced maturation of tolerogenic DCs, and 14BME20-treated DCs increased Treg cell population in a co-culture system of DCs and CD4+ T cells. The addition of a neutralizing anti-IL-10 mAb to the culture of cells that had been treated with 14BME20 decreased the enhanced Treg cell population, thereby indicating that 14BME20-treated DCs increase Treg cell population via DC-derived IL-10. These results demonstrate that oral administration of 14BME20 suppresses airway inflammation by enhancing Treg responses and suggest that the 14BME20 isolated from doenjang may be a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Song
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Arim Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soojung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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32
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Benavente FM, Soto JA, Pizarro-Ortega MS, Bohmwald K, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Contribution of IDO to human respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:933-942. [PMID: 31091352 PMCID: PMC7166882 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ru0219-051rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IDO is an enzyme that participates in the degradation of tryptophan (Trp), which is an essential amino acid necessary for vital cellular processes. The degradation of Trp and the metabolites generated by the enzymatic activity of IDO can have immunomodulating effects, notably over T cells, which are particularly sensitive to the absence of Trp and leads to the inhibition of T cell activation, cell death, and the suppression of T cell effector functions. Noteworthy, T cells participate in the cellular immune response against the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and are essential for viral clearance, as well as the total recovery of the host. Furthermore, inadequate or non‐optimal polarization of T cells is often seen during the acute phase of the disease caused by this pathogen. Here, we discuss the capacity of hRSV to exploit the immunosuppressive features of IDO to reduce T cell function, thus acquiring relevant aspects during the biology of the virus. Additionally, we review studies on the influence of IDO over T cell activation and its relationship with hRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Benavente
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magdalena S Pizarro-Ortega
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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33
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Morjaria JB, Emma R, Fuochi V, Polosa R, Caruso M. An evaluation of mepolizumab for the treatment of severe asthma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:491-500. [PMID: 31009582 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1610382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is considered one of the most common chronic conditions globally, characterized by variable airflow obstruction and symptoms. Severe asthma is diagnosed when asthma control requires high-intensity therapy or continues to remain uncontrolled despite treatment. Eosinophilic inflammation is known to be perpetuated by the activity of IL-5 in a proportion of severe asthma subjects, and targeting IL-5 may offer a therapeutic option. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the role and pathogenesis of IL-5 and eosinophils in asthma and rationale of antagonizing IL-5 in severe eosinophilic asthma. Mepolizumab is the first of three anti-IL-5 biologics licensed in 2015 for use in this subgroup of patients. We discuss clinical and real-life studies leading up to its approval and post-marketing outcomes in terms of efficacy and safety to-date, as well as its pros and cons. Expert opinion: IL-5 antagonism has paved the way for an additional personalized therapeutic opportunity for use in severe asthma with eosinophilic inflammation, though there is limited evidence on the long-term implications of suppressing/depleting eosinophils and the duration for which they should be administered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaymin B Morjaria
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospital Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital , Harefield , UK.,b Honorary Senior Clinical Lecturer, Respiratory Medicine , Imperial College , London , UK
| | - Rosalia Emma
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Catania , Catania (CT) , Italy
| | - Virginia Fuochi
- d Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania, Catania (CT) , Italy
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Catania , Catania (CT) , Italy
| | - Massimo Caruso
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Catania , Catania (CT) , Italy.,d Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania, Catania (CT) , Italy
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34
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Jacquelot N, Luong K, Seillet C. Physiological Regulation of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:405. [PMID: 30915072 PMCID: PMC6422966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have provoked a paradigm shift in our understanding of the immune protection. Their constitutive presence and activity at the body's barrier surfaces ensure the maintenance of the tissue homeostasis and immune protection. This complex family has distinct and non-redundant functions that can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on disease outcome. The capacity of ILCs to perform their function effectively relies on their ability to sense and integrate intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Recent studies have shown that ILCs are not only sensitive to pathogen-derived stimuli but are also very well equipped to sense host-derived signals such as neuropeptides, hormones, and metabolites. The integration of these signals represents a complex and constant cross-talk between the immune system and the physiological systems of the body, including the nervous, endocrine, digestive, and reproductive systems. The physiological regulation of ILCs constitutes an important step in our understanding of the events leading to the protective and pathological properties of these cells. This review summarizes the recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of ILCs by physiological signals and their consequences on the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jacquelot
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kylie Luong
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Molecular Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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35
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Tugues S, Ducimetiere L, Friebel E, Becher B. Innate lymphoid cells as regulators of the tumor microenvironment. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101270. [PMID: 30871769 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As crucial players in innate immunity, Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILCs) have been distinctly associated with either tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting activities. This dichotomy arises from the high degree of heterogeneity and plasticity between the ILC family subsets. Also, the tissue microenvironment is crucial for the function of ILCs. Especially within the tumor niche, each of the ILC subsets participates in a complex network of interactions with other cells and molecules. Although extensive research has unraveled several aspects of the crosstalk ILCs establish with the tumor microenvironment (TME), numerous questions remain to be answered. Here, we will discuss a role for the different ILC subsets that goes beyond their direct effects on the tumor cells. Instead, we will highlight the ability of ILCs to communicate with the surrounding milieu and the impact this has on tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ducimetiere
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Role of microRNA in severe asthma. Respir Investig 2018; 57:9-19. [PMID: 30455067 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The various roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the epigenetic regulation of human disease are gaining importance as areas of research, and a better understanding of these roles may identify targets for development of novel therapies for severe asthma. MiRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that serve as post-transcriptional gene repressors, are recognized as critical components in regulating tissue homeostasis. Alteration in miRNA expression disrupts homeostasis and is an underlying mechanism for development of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Differential profiles of miRNA expression are involved in inflammation and remodeling pathogenicity via activating airway structural cells and immune cells and inducing cytokine releases. miRNA action leads to asthma progression from mild to severe stages. Here, current knowledge of the heterogeneous roles of miRNAs in severe asthma, including biological mechanisms underlying Th2 and macrophage polarization, type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) biology regulation, steroid-resistant asthma phenotype, airway smooth muscle (ASM) dysfunction, and impaired anti-viral innate immune, are reviewed.
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37
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Nair PM, Starkey MR, Haw TJ, Ruscher R, Liu G, Maradana MR, Thomas R, O'Sullivan BJ, Hansbro PM. RelB-Deficient Dendritic Cells Promote the Development of Spontaneous Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:352-365. [PMID: 28960101 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0242oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
RelB is a member of the NF-κB family, which is essential for dendritic cell (DC) function and maturation. However, the contribution of RelB to the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is unknown. Here, we identify a pivotal role for RelB in the development of spontaneous AAI that is independent of exogenous allergen exposure. We assessed AAI in two strains of RelB-deficient (RelB-/-) mice: one with a targeted deletion and one expressing a major histocompatibility complex transgene. To determine the importance of RelB in DCs, RelB-sufficient DCs (RelB+/+ or RelB-/-) were adoptively transferred into RelB-/- mice. Both strains had increased pulmonary inflammation compared with their respective wild-type (RelB+/+) and heterozygous (RelB+/-) controls. RelB-/- mice also had increased inflammatory cell influx into the airways, levels of chemokines (CCL2/3/4/5/11/17 and CXCL9/10/13) and T-helper cell type 2-associated cytokines (IL-4/5) in lung tissues, serum IgE, and airway remodeling (mucus-secreting cell numbers, collagen deposition, and epithelial thickening). Transfer of RelB+/- CD11c+ DCs into RelB-/- mice decreased pulmonary inflammation, with reductions in lung chemokines, T-helper cell type 2-associated cytokines (IL-4/5/13/25/33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin), serum IgE, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, myeloid DCs, γδ T cells, lung Vβ13+ T cells, mucus-secreting cells, airway collagen deposition, and epithelial thickening. These data indicate that RelB deficiency may be a key pathway underlying AAI, and that DC-encoded RelB is sufficient to restore control of this inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prema M Nair
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,3 Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatt Jhong Haw
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roland Ruscher
- 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and.,5 Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and.,6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Muralidhara R Maradana
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ranjeny Thomas
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan J O'Sullivan
- 6 Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and.,2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Chun TT, Chung CS, Fallon EA, Hutchins NA, Clarke E, Rossi AL, Cioffi WG, Heffernan DS, Ayala A. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) Are Key Mediators of the Inflammatory Response in Polymicrobial Sepsis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2097-2108. [PMID: 29935165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major public health concern, characterized by marked immune dysfunction. Innate lymphoid cells develop from a common lymphoid precursor but have a role in orchestrating inflammation during innate response to infection. Here, we investigate the pathologic contribution of the group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in a murine model of acute septic shock (cecal ligation and puncture). Flow cytometric data revealed that ILC2s increase in number and percentage in the small intestine and in the peritoneal cells and inversely decline in the liver at 24 hours after septic insult. Sepsis also resulted in changes in ILC2 effector cytokine (IL-13) and activating cytokine (IL-33) in the plasma of mice and human patients in septic shock. Of interest, the sepsis-induced changes in cytokines were abrogated in mice deficient in functionally invariant natural killer T cells. Mice deficient in IL-13-producing cells, including ILC2s, had a survival advantage after sepsis along with decreased morphologic evidence of tissue injury and reduced IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid. Administration of a suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 (IL-33R) receptor-blocking antibody led to a transient survival advantage. Taken together, these findings suggest that ILC2s may play an unappreciated role in mediating the inflammatory response in both mice and humans; further, modulating ILC2 response in vivo may allow development of immunomodulatory strategies directed against sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen T Chun
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chun-Shiang Chung
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eleanor A Fallon
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Noelle A Hutchins
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Erlyana Clarke
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Anne-Lise Rossi
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - William G Cioffi
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alfred Ayala
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
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Carvalho S, Ferrini M, Herritt L, Holian A, Jaffar Z, Roberts K. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Augment Allergic Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation by Promoting Cysteinyl Leukotriene Production. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:585. [PMID: 29922162 PMCID: PMC5996183 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been reported to promote lung inflammation and fibrosis. The commercial demand for nanoparticle-based materials has expanded rapidly and as demand for nanomaterials grows, so does the urgency of establishing an appreciation of the degree of health risk associated with their increased production and exposure. In this study, we examined whether MWCNT inhalation elicited pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation and influenced the development of allergic airway inflammatory responses. Our data revealed that instillation of FA21 MWCNT into the airways of mice resulted in a rapid increase, within 24 h, in the number of eosinophils present in the lungs. The inflammatory response elicited was also associated with an increase in the level of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. CysLTs were implicated in the airway inflammatory response since pharmacological inhibition of their biosynthesis using the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor Zileuton resulted in a marked reduction in the severity of inflammation observed. Moreover, FA21 MWCNT entering the airways of mice suffering from house dust mite (HDM)-elicited allergic lung inflammation markedly exacerbated the intensity of the airway inflammation. This response was characterized by a pulmonary eosinophilia, lymphocyte infiltration, and raised cysLT levels. The severity of pulmonary inflammation caused by either inhalation of MWCNT alone or in conjunction with HDM allergen correlated with the level of nickel present in the material, since preparations that contained higher levels of nickel (FA21, 5.54% Ni by weight) were extremely effective at eliciting or exacerbating inflammatory or allergic responses while preparations containing lower amounts of nickel (FA04, 2.54% Ni by weight) failed to initiate or exacerbate pulmonary inflammation. In summary, instillation of high nickel MWCNT into the lungs promoted eosinophilic inflammation and caused an intense exacerbation of pre-existing allergic airway inflammation by facilitating cysLT biosynthesis. These findings suggest that exposure to airborne MWCNT is likely to have adverse inflammatory effects in individuals suffering from atopic asthma and, in this context, further investigation of the therapeutic effects of pharmacological agents that block leukotriene synthesis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Carvalho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Maria Ferrini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Lou Herritt
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Andrij Holian
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Zeina Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Kevan Roberts
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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Caballero MT, Hijano DR, Acosta PL, Mateu CG, Marcone DN, Linder JE, Talarico LB, Elder JM, Echavarria M, Miller EK, Polack FP. Interleukin-13 associates with life-threatening rhinovirus infections in infants and young children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:787-795. [PMID: 29665312 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delineate risk factors associated with severe hypoxemia (O2 sat ≤87%) in infants and children younger than 2 years hospitalized with single pathogen HRV infection. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study in a yearly catchment population of 56 560 children <2 years old between 2011 and 2013 in Argentina. All children with respiratory signs and O2 sat <93% on admission were included. HRV infections were identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiologic, clinical, viral, and immunological risk factors were assessed. RESULTS Among 5012 hospitalized patients, HRV was detected as a single pathogen in 347 (6.92%) subjects. Thirty-two (9.2%) had life-threatening disease. Traditional risk factors for severe bronchiolitis did not affect severity of illness. HRV viral load, HRV groups, and type II and III interferons did not associate with severe hypoxemia. Interleukin-13 Levels in respiratory secretions at the time of admission (OR = 7.43 (3-18.4); P < 0.001 for IL-13 >10 pg/mL) predisposed to life-threatening disease. CONCLUSIONS Targeted interventions against IL-13 should be evaluated to decrease severity of HRV illness in infancy and early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego R Hijano
- Fundación INFANT, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Patricio L Acosta
- Fundación INFANT, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Débora N Marcone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Virology Unit and Clinical Virology Laboratory, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "CEMIC", Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Laura B Talarico
- Fundación INFANT, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Marcela Echavarria
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Virology Unit and Clinical Virology Laboratory, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "CEMIC", Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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41
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Burton OT, Medina Tamayo J, Stranks AJ, Miller S, Koleoglou KJ, Weinberg EO, Oettgen HC. IgE promotes type 2 innate lymphoid cells in murine food allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:288-296. [PMID: 29247574 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells serve an important sentinel function at mucosal barriers and have been implicated as key early inducers of type 2 immune responses in food allergy. The generation of Th2 and IgE following food allergen ingestion is inhibited in the absence of mast cells. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells are also thought to play an important early role in nascent allergic responses. OBJECTIVE To test whether IgE-mediated mast cell activation promotes intestinal ILC2 responses following ingestion of food allergens and whether ILC2 amplify food allergy. METHODS Two different mouse models of food allergy, one using intraperitoneally ovalbumin (OVA)-primed BALB/c animals and the other using enterally peanut-sensitized inherently atopic IL4raF709 mice, were applied to test the contributions of IgE antibodies and mast cells to ILC2 responses. The effect of ILC2 on mast cell activation and on anaphylaxis was tested. RESULTS ILC2 responses were significantly impaired in both models of food allergy in Igh7-/- mice harbouring a targeted deletion of the gene encoding IgE. A similar reduction in food allergen-induced ILC2 was observed in mast cell-deficient Il4raF709 KitW-sh mice, and this was partially corrected by reconstituting these animals using cultured bone marrow mast cells. Mast cells activated ILC2 for IL-13 production in an IL-4Rα-dependent manner. Activated ILC2 amplified systemic anaphylaxis by increasing target tissue sensitivity to mast cell mediators. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings support an important role for IgE-activated mast cells in driving intestinal ILC2 expansion in food allergy and reveal that ILC2, in turn, can enhance responsiveness to the mediators of anaphylaxis produced by mast cells. Strategies designed to inhibit IgE signalling or mast cell activation are likely to inhibit both type 2 immunity and immediate hypersensitivity in food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- O T Burton
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Medina Tamayo
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Stranks
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Miller
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K J Koleoglou
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E O Weinberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H C Oettgen
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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42
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Wang W, Jing W, Liu Q. Astragalus Oral Solution Ameliorates Allergic Asthma in Children by Regulating Relative Contents of CD4 +CD25 highCD127 low Treg Cells. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:255. [PMID: 30294594 PMCID: PMC6158305 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effects of Astragalus oral solution (AOS) on allergic asthma in children by investigating relative contents of CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg cells. Methods: The contents of Astragaloside A in AOS were detected by using HPLC. Eighty children with allergic asthma were recruited from February 2016 to June 2017, and randomly assigned into the control group (received placebo, 0.1% quinine chloride in deionized water, daily) and the AOS group (received 10 mL AOS daily). After 6-month treatment, therapeutic results were compared between the two groups. Serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-beta, Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6) were measured by using ELISA kits. Relative contents of CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg cells were determined by using flow cytometry. Results: Astragaloside A was the main ingredient of AOS with 0.216 ± 0.027 mg/mL from six-batch samples. After 6-month therapy, the AOS group showed improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) scores compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Serum level of IL-10 was higher and the levels of TGF-beta, Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-6) were lower in the AOS group than in the control group (P < 0.05). AOS treatment increased the percentage of gated CD4+ T cells, CD4+CD25+ T cells, CD4+CD25high Treg cells, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells and CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg cells when compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Astragaloside A was the main component of AOS, and AOS ameliorated allergic asthma in children by regulating relative contents of CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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43
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Cho YS. Precision medicine for the best treatment of chronic obstructive airway disease. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2018. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2018.6.3.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You Sook Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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44
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Cai X, Lin M, Cao S, Liu Y, Lin N. The association of RAR-related orphan receptor A (RORA) gene polymorphisms with the risk of asthma. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 82:158-164. [PMID: 29282706 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, heterogeneous chronic respiratory disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway, airway hyperreactivity, and airway remodeling. The RAR-related orphan receptor A (RORA) gene has been identified for the pathogenesis of asthma. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between RORA gene polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility in the Chinese Zhuang population. This was a case-control study including 231 children with asthma and 343 healthy controls. The RORA gene polymorphisms were measured by the polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction genotyping assays and confirmed by sequencing. The distribution of the genotype frequencies of the RORA rs11071559 C>T was significantly different in the group of cases and the healthy children (P < 0.05). By haplotype analyses, the haplotype TT (rs7164773/rs11071559) was statistically significant between asthmatics and nonasthmatics, but the association was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Our results provided evidence that the RORA rs11071559C>T polymorphism was associated with an elevated susceptibility to pediatric asthma in the Chinese Zhuang population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Cai
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Mali Lin
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yunguang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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45
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Singh PB, Pua HH, Happ HC, Schneider C, von Moltke J, Locksley RM, Baumjohann D, Ansel KM. MicroRNA regulation of type 2 innate lymphoid cell homeostasis and function in allergic inflammation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:3627-3643. [PMID: 29122948 PMCID: PMC5716040 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Singh et al. examined microRNA expression and physiological requirements in type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). The miR-17∼92 cluster promotes ILC2 growth, cytokine expression, and function in allergic inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) exert powerful effects on immunity through coordinate regulation of multiple target genes in a wide variety of cells. Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue sentinel mediators of allergic inflammation. We established the physiological requirements for miRNAs in ILC2 homeostasis and immune function and compared the global miRNA repertoire of resting and activated ILC2s and T helper type 2 (TH2) cells. After exposure to the natural allergen papain, mice selectively lacking the miR-17∼92 cluster in ILC2s displayed reduced lung inflammation. Moreover, miR-17∼92–deficient ILC2s exhibited defective growth and cytokine expression in response to IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in vitro. The miR-17∼92 cluster member miR-19a promoted IL-13 and IL-5 production and inhibited expression of several targets, including SOCS1 and A20, signaling inhibitors that limit IL-13 and IL-5 production. These findings establish miRNAs as important regulators of ILC2 biology, reveal overlapping but nonidentical miRNA-regulated gene expression networks in ILC2s and TH2 cells, and reinforce the therapeutic potential of targeting miR-19 to alleviate pathogenic allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti B Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Heather H Pua
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hannah C Happ
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA .,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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46
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Henry EK, Inclan-Rico JM, Siracusa MC. Type 2 cytokine responses: regulating immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:346-359. [PMID: 29399438 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review It is well established that T helper type 2 (TH2) immune responses are necessary to provide protection against helminth parasites but also to promote the detrimental inflammation associated with allergies and asthma. Given the importance of type 2 immunity and inflammation, many studies have focused on better understanding the factors that regulate TH2 cell development and activation. As a result, significant progress has been made in understanding the signaling pathways and molecular events necessary to promote TH2 cell polarization. In addition to the adaptive compartment, emerging studies are better defining the innate immune pathways needed to promote TH2 cell responses. Given the recent and substantial growth of this field, the purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies defining the innate immune events that promote immunity to helminth parasites and allergic inflammation. Recent Findings Emerging studies have begun to elucidate the importance of cytokine alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25 (IL-17E) and IL-33 in promoting type 2 immunity and inflammation following helminth challenge or exposure to allergens. Specifically, recent reports have begun to define the complex cellular networks these alarmins activate and their contribution to type 2 immunity and inflammation. Summary Our increased understanding of the pathways that regulate type 2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation have revealed novel therapeutic targets to treat both helminth infections and allergic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everett K Henry
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan M Inclan-Rico
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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47
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1541-1558. [PMID: 28659395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) both cause airway obstruction and are associated with chronic inflammation of the airways. However, the nature and sites of the inflammation differ between these diseases, resulting in different pathology, clinical manifestations and response to therapy. In this review, the inflammatory and cellular mechanisms of asthma and COPD are compared and the differences in inflammatory cells and profile of inflammatory mediators are highlighted. These differences account for the differences in clinical manifestations of asthma and COPD and their response to therapy. Although asthma and COPD are usually distinct, there are some patients who show an overlap of features, which may be explained by the coincidence of two common diseases or distinct phenotypes of each disease. It is important to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD in order to develop new treatments in areas of unmet need, such as severe asthma, curative therapy for asthma and effective anti-inflammatory treatments for COPD.
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48
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Sopel N, Pflaum A, Kölle J, Finotto S. The Unresolved Role of Interferon-λ in Asthma Bronchiale. Front Immunol 2017; 8:989. [PMID: 28861088 PMCID: PMC5559474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma bronchiale is a disease of the airways with increasing incidence, that often begins during infancy. So far, therapeutic options are mainly symptomatic and thus there is an increasing need for better treatment and/or prevention strategies. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a major cause of asthma exacerbations and might cause acute wheezing associated with local production of pro-inflammatory mediators resulting in neutrophilic inflammatory response. Viral infections induce a characteristic activation of immune response, e.g., TLR3, 4, 7, 8, 9 in the endosome and their downstream targets, especially MyD88. Moreover, other cytoplasmic pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) like RIG1 and MDA5 play important roles in the activation of interferons (IFNs) of all types. Depending on the stimulation of the different PRMs, the levels of the IFNs induced might differ. Recent studies focused on Type I IFNs in samples from control and asthma patients. However, the administration of type I IFN-α was accompanied by side-effects, thus this possible therapy was abandoned. Type III IFN-λ acts more specifically, as fewer cells express the IFN-λ receptor chain 1. In addition, it has been shown that asthmatic mice treated with recombinant or adenoviral expressed IFN-λ2 (IL–28A) showed an amelioration of symptoms, indicating that treatment with IFN-λ might be beneficial for asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sopel
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Pflaum
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Kölle
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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49
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Ferrini ME, Hong S, Stierle A, Stierle D, Stella N, Roberts K, Jaffar Z. CB2 receptors regulate natural killer cells that limit allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:937-947. [PMID: 27992060 DOI: 10.1111/all.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease involving the complementary actions of innate and adaptive immune responses. Endogenously generated cannabinoids acting via CB2 receptors play important roles in both homeostatic and inflammatory processes. However, the contribution of CB2-acting eicosanoids to the innate events preceding sensitization to the common house dust mite (HDM) allergen remains to be elucidated. We investigated the role of CB2 activation during allergen-induced pulmonary inflammation and natural killer (NK) cell effector function. METHODS Lung mucosal responses in CB2-deficient (CB2-/- ) mice were examined and compared with wild-type (WT) littermates following intranasal exposure to HDM allergen. RESULTS Mice lacking CB2 receptors exhibited elevated numbers of pulmonary NK cells yet were resistant to the induction of allergic inflammation exemplified by diminished airway eosinophilia, type 2 cytokine production and mucus secretion after allergen inhalation. This phenomenon was corroborated when WT mice were treated with a CB2-specific antagonist that caused a pronounced inhibition of HDM-induced airway inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. Unexpectedly, the preponderance of NK cells in the lungs of CB2-/- mice correlated with reduced numbers of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Depletion of NK cells restored the allergen responsiveness in the lungs and was associated with elevated ILC2 numbers. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results reveal that CB2 activation is crucial in regulating pulmonary NK cell function, and suggest that NK cells serve to limit ILC2 activation and subsequent allergic airway inflammation. CB2 inhibition may present an important target to modulate NK cell response during pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. E. Ferrini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - S. Hong
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - A. Stierle
- Center for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - D. Stierle
- Center for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - N. Stella
- Department of Pharmacology; University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle WA USA
| | - K. Roberts
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
| | - Z. Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences; College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT USA
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50
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The evolution of innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol 2017; 17:790-4. [PMID: 27328009 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered group of immune cells. Understanding their biology poses many challenges. We discuss here the current knowledge on the appearance of ILC subsets during evolution and propose how the connection between ILCs and T cells contributes to the robustness of immunity and hence to the fitness of the hosts.
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