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Metherel AH, Valenzuela R, Klievik BJ, Cisbani G, Rotarescu RD, Gonzalez-Soto M, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Layé S, Magnan C, Mutch DM, Bazinet RP. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) downregulates liver DHA synthesis by inhibiting eicosapentaenoic acid elongation. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100548. [PMID: 38649096 PMCID: PMC11126934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
DHA is abundant in the brain where it regulates cell survival, neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation. DHA can be obtained from the diet or synthesized from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) via a series of desaturation and elongation reactions occurring in the liver. Tracer studies suggest that dietary DHA can downregulate its own synthesis, but the mechanism remains undetermined and is the primary objective of this manuscript. First, we show by tracing 13C content (δ13C) of DHA via compound-specific isotope analysis, that following low dietary DHA, the brain receives DHA synthesized from ALA. We then show that dietary DHA increases mouse liver and serum EPA, which is dependant on ALA. Furthermore, by compound-specific isotope analysis we demonstrate that the source of increased EPA is slowed EPA metabolism, not increased DHA retroconversion as previously assumed. DHA feeding alone or with ALA lowered liver elongation of very long chain (ELOVL2, EPA elongation) enzyme activity despite no change in protein content. To further evaluate the role of ELOVL2, a liver-specific Elovl2 KO was generated showing that DHA feeding in the presence or absence of a functional liver ELOVL2 yields similar results. An enzyme competition assay for EPA elongation suggests both uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibition by DHA depending on DHA levels. To translate our findings, we show that DHA supplementation in men and women increases EPA levels in a manner dependent on a SNP (rs953413) in the ELOVL2 gene. In conclusion, we identify a novel feedback inhibition pathway where dietary DHA downregulates its liver synthesis by inhibiting EPA elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Brinley J Klievik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Giulia Cisbani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Melissa Gonzalez-Soto
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Layé
- INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Huynh J, Donovan J, Phu NH, Nghia HDT, Thuong NTT, Thwaites GE. Tuberculous meningitis: progress and remaining questions. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:450-464. [PMID: 35429482 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis is a devastating brain infection that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is notoriously difficult to diagnose and treat. New technologies characterising the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome have identified new molecules and pathways associated with tuberculous meningitis severity and poor outcomes that could offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. The next-generation GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay, when used on CSF, offers diagnostic sensitivity for tuberculous meningitis of approximately 70%, although it is not widely available and a negative result cannot rule out tuberculous meningitis. Small trials indicate that clinical outcomes might be improved with increased doses of rifampicin, the addition of linezolid or fluoroquinolones to standard antituberculosis therapy, or treatment with adjunctive aspirin combined with corticosteroids. Large phase 3 clinical trials are underway worldwide to address these and other questions concerning the optimal management of tuberculous meningitis; these studies also form a platform for studying pathogenesis and identifying novel diagnostic and treatment strategies, by allowing the implementation of new genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic technologies in nested substudies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Huynh
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Joseph Donovan
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hoan Phu
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Vietnam National University School of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho Dang Trung Nghia
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E Thwaites
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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3
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Murphy JM, Ngai L, Mortha A, Crome SQ. Tissue-Dependent Adaptations and Functions of Innate Lymphoid Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836999. [PMID: 35359972 PMCID: PMC8960279 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells reside in distinct niches across organs, where they contribute to tissue homeostasis and rapidly respond to perturbations in the local microenvironment. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of innate immune cells that regulate immune and tissue homeostasis. Across anatomical locations throughout the body, ILCs adopt tissue-specific fates, differing from circulating ILC populations. Adaptations of ILCs to microenvironmental changes have been documented in several inflammatory contexts, including obesity, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. While our understanding of ILC functions within tissues have predominantly been based on mouse studies, development of advanced single cell platforms to study tissue-resident ILCs in humans and emerging patient-based data is providing new insights into this lymphocyte family. Within this review, we discuss current concepts of ILC fate and function, exploring tissue-specific functions of ILCs and their contribution to health and disease across organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Murphy
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Q Crome
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Li K, Wang J, Chen L, Guo M, Zhou Y, Li X, Peng M. Netrin-1 Ameliorates Postoperative Delirium-Like Behavior in Aged Mice by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Restoring Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:751570. [PMID: 35095412 PMCID: PMC8797926 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.751570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious postoperative complication in elderly patients, and its underlying mechanism is elusive and without effective therapy at present. In recent years, the neuroinflammatory hypothesis has been developed in the pathogenesis of POD, in which the damaged blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role. Netrin-1 (NTN-1), an axonal guidance molecule, has been reported to have strong inflammatory regulatory and neuroprotective effects. We applied NTN-1 (45 μg/kg) to aged mice using a POD model with a simple laparotomy to assess their systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation by detecting interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and high mobility group box chromosomal protein-1 (HMGB-1) levels. We also assessed the reactive states of microglia and the permeability of the BBB by detecting cell junction proteins and the leakage of dextran. We found that a single dose of NTN-1 prophylaxis decreased the expression of IL-6 and HMGB-1 and upregulated the expression of IL-10 in the peripheral blood, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Nerin-1 reduced the activation of microglial cells in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex and improved POD-like behavior. NTN-1 also attenuated the anesthesia/surgery-induced increase in BBB permeability by upregulating the expression of tight junction-associated proteins such as ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin. These findings confirm the anti-inflammatory and BBB protective effects of NTN-1 in an inflammatory environment in vivo and provide better insights into the pathophysiology and potential treatment of POD.
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Jin J, Boeglin WE, Brash AR. Analysis of 12/15-lipoxygenase metabolism of EPA and DHA with special attention to authentication of docosatrienes. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100088. [PMID: 34022182 PMCID: PMC8219989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A proposed beneficial impact of highly unsaturated “fish oil” fatty acids is their conversion by lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to specialized proresolving lipid mediators, including 12/15-LOX products from EPA and DHA. The transformations of DHA include formation of docosatrienes, named for the distinctive conjugated triene of the double bonds. To further the understanding of biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms, herein we meld together biosynthesis and NMR characterization of the unstable leukotriene A (LTA)-related epoxide intermediates formed by recombinant human 15-LOX-1, along with identification of the stable enzymatic products, and extend the findings into the 12/15-LOX metabolism in resident murine peritoneal macrophages. Oxygenation of EPA by 15-LOX-1 converts the initial 15S-hydroperoxide to 14S,15S-trans-epoxy-5Z,8Z,10E,12E,17Z-EPA (appearing as its 8,15-diol hydrolysis products) and mixtures of dihydroperoxy fatty acids, while mainly the epoxide hydrolysis products are evident in the murine cells. DHA also undergoes transformations to epoxides and dihydroperoxides by 15-LOX-1, resulting in a mixture of 10,17-dihydro(pero)xy derivatives (docosatrienes) and minor 7S,17S- and 14,17S-dihydroperoxides. The 10,17S-dihydroxy hydrolysis products of the LTA-related epoxide intermediate dominate the product profile in mouse macrophages, whereas (neuro)protectin D1, the leukotriene B4-related derivative with trans,trans,cis conjugated triene, was undetectable. In this study, we emphasize the utility of UV spectral characteristics for product identification, being diagnostic of the different double bond configurations and hydroxy fatty acid functionality versus hydroperoxide. LC-MS is not definitive for configurational isomers. Secure identification is based on chromatographic retention times, comparison with authentic standards, and the highly distinctive UV spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William E Boeglin
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan R Brash
- Department of Pharmacology and the Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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6
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Dobson GP, Biros E, Letson HL, Morris JL. Living in a Hostile World: Inflammation, New Drug Development, and Coronavirus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:610131. [PMID: 33552070 PMCID: PMC7862725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a brief history of the immune response and show that Metchnikoff's theory of inflammation and phagocytotic defense was largely ignored in the 20th century. For decades, the immune response was believed to be triggered centrally, until Lafferty and Cunningham proposed the initiating signal came from the tissues. This shift opened the way for Janeway's pattern recognition receptor theory, and Matzinger's danger model. All models failed to appreciate that without inflammation, there can be no immune response. The situation changed in the 1990s when cytokine biology was rapidly advancing, and the immune system's role expanded from host defense, to the maintenance of host health. An inflammatory environment, produced by immune cells themselves, was now recognized as mandatory for their attack, removal and repair functions after an infection or injury. We explore the cellular programs of the immune response, and the role played by cytokines and other mediators to tailor the right response, at the right time. Normally, the immune response is robust, self-limiting and restorative. However, when the antigen load or trauma exceeds the body's internal tolerances, as witnessed in some COVID-19 patients, excessive inflammation can lead to increased sympathetic outflows, cardiac dysfunction, coagulopathy, endothelial and metabolic dysfunction, multiple organ failure and death. Currently, there are few drug therapies to reduce excessive inflammation and immune dysfunction. We have been developing an intravenous (IV) fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine and Mg2+ (ALM) that confers a survival advantage by preventing excessive inflammation initiated by sepsis, endotoxemia and sterile trauma. The multi-pronged protection appears to be unique and may provide a tool to examine the intersection points in the immune response to infection or injury, and possible ways to prevent secondary tissue damage, such as that reported in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey P. Dobson
- Heart, Trauma and Sepsis Research Laboratory, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ischemic stroke - A perspective of specialized pro-resolving mediators. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2974-2987. [PMID: 33509668 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been proposed as beneficial for cardiovascular health. However, results from both epidemiological studies and clinical trials have been inconsistent, whereas most of the animal studies showed promising benefits of PUFAs in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke. In recent years, it has become clear that PUFAs are metabolized into various types of bioactive derivatives, including the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). SPMs exert multiple biofunctions, such as to limit excessive inflammatory responses, regulate lipid metabolism and immune cell functions, decrease production of pro-inflammatory factors, increase anti-inflammatory mediators, as well as to promote tissue repair and homeostasis. Inflammation has been recognised as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of acute ischemic stroke. Owing to their potent pro-resolving actions, SPMs are potential for development of novel anti-stroke therapy. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge of epidemiological studies, basic research and clinical trials concerning PUFAs in stroke prevention and treatment, with special attention to SPMs as the unsung heroes behind PUFAs.
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8
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Baptista AF, Baltar A, Okano AH, Moreira A, Campos ACP, Fernandes AM, Brunoni AR, Badran BW, Tanaka C, de Andrade DC, da Silva Machado DG, Morya E, Trujillo E, Swami JK, Camprodon JA, Monte-Silva K, Sá KN, Nunes I, Goulardins JB, Bikson M, Sudbrack-Oliveira P, de Carvalho P, Duarte-Moreira RJ, Pagano RL, Shinjo SK, Zana Y. Applications of Non-invasive Neuromodulation for the Management of Disorders Related to COVID-19. Front Neurol 2020; 11:573718. [PMID: 33324324 PMCID: PMC7724108 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.573718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) morbidity is not restricted to the respiratory system, but also affects the nervous system. Non-invasive neuromodulation may be useful in the treatment of the disorders associated with COVID-19. Objective: To describe the rationale and empirical basis of the use of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management of patients with COVID-10 and related disorders. Methods: We summarize COVID-19 pathophysiology with emphasis of direct neuroinvasiveness, neuroimmune response and inflammation, autonomic balance and neurological, musculoskeletal and neuropsychiatric sequela. This supports the development of a framework for advancing applications of non-invasive neuromodulation in the management COVID-19 and related disorders. Results: Non-invasive neuromodulation may manage disorders associated with COVID-19 through four pathways: (1) Direct infection mitigation through the stimulation of regions involved in the regulation of systemic anti-inflammatory responses and/or autonomic responses and prevention of neuroinflammation and recovery of respiration; (2) Amelioration of COVID-19 symptoms of musculoskeletal pain and systemic fatigue; (3) Augmenting cognitive and physical rehabilitation following critical illness; and (4) Treating outbreak-related mental distress including neurological and psychiatric disorders exacerbated by surrounding psychosocial stressors related to COVID-19. The selection of the appropriate techniques will depend on the identified target treatment pathway. Conclusion: COVID-19 infection results in a myriad of acute and chronic symptoms, both directly associated with respiratory distress (e.g., rehabilitation) or of yet-to-be-determined etiology (e.g., fatigue). Non-invasive neuromodulation is a toolbox of techniques that based on targeted pathways and empirical evidence (largely in non-COVID-19 patients) can be investigated in the management of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrahão Fontes Baptista
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Centros de Pesquisa, Investigação e Difusão - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 54 (LIM-54), São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Baltar
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Specialized Neuromodulation Center—Neuromod, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hideki Okano
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Brazilian Institute of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Centros de Pesquisa, Investigação e Difusão - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (BRAINN/CEPID-FAPESP), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Moreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Mércia Fernandes
- Centro de Dor, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Russowsky Brunoni
- Serviço Interdisciplinar de Neuromodulação, Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bashar W. Badran
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Clarice Tanaka
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 54 (LIM-54), São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Centro de Dor, LIM-62, Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Edgard Morya
- Edmond and Lily Safra International Neuroscience Institute, Santos Dumont Institute, Macaiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Trujillo
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
| | - Jaiti K. Swami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joan A. Camprodon
- Laboratory for Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Katia Monte-Silva
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Katia Nunes Sá
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Isadora Nunes
- Department of Physiotherapy, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Betim, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Goulardins
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations 54 (LIM-54), São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul (UNICSUL), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marom Bikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of CUNY, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Priscila de Carvalho
- Instituto Central, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Jardim Duarte-Moreira
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
- NAPeN Network (Rede de Núcleos de Assistência e Pesquisa em Neuromodulação), Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yossi Zana
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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Gudernatsch V, Stefańczyk SA, Mirakaj V. Novel Resolution Mediators of Severe Systemic Inflammation. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:31-41. [PMID: 32185148 PMCID: PMC7064289 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s243238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonresolving inflammation, a hallmark of underlying severe inflammatory processes such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure is a major cause of admission to the intensive care unit and high mortality rates. Many survivors develop new functional limitations and health problems, and in cases of sepsis, approximately 40% of patients are rehospitalized within three months. Over the last few decades, better treatment approaches have been adopted. Nevertheless, the lack of knowledge underlying the complex pathophysiology of the inflammatory response organized by numerous mediators and the induction of complex networks impede curative therapy. Thus, increasing evidence indicates that resolution of an acute inflammatory response, considered an active process, is the ideal outcome that leads to tissue restoration and organ function. Many mediators have been identified as immunoresolvents, but only a few have been shown to contribute to both the initial and resolution phases of severe systemic inflammation, and these agents might finally substantially impact the therapeutic approach to severe inflammatory processes. In this review, we depict different resolution mediators/immunoresolvents contributing to resolution programmes specifically related to life-threatening severe inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gudernatsch
- Molecular Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sylwia Anna Stefańczyk
- Molecular Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valbona Mirakaj
- Molecular Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Li L, Zhong S, Shen X, Li Q, Xu W, Tao Y, Yin H. Recent development on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of oxidized lipids. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31202785 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the cellular membrane can be oxidized by various enzymes or reactive oxygen species (ROS) to form many oxidized lipids. These metabolites are highly bioactive, participating in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Mass spectrometry (MS), coupled with Liquid Chromatography, has been increasingly recognized as an indispensable tool for the analysis of oxidized lipids due to its excellent sensitivity and selectivity. We will give an update on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to generation of various oxidized lipids and recent progress on the development of LC-MS in the detection of these bioactive lipids derived from fatty acids, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the formation mechanisms and technological advances in LC-MS for the study of oxidized lipids in human diseases, and to shed new light on the potential of using oxidized lipids as biomarkers and mechanistic clues of pathogenesis related to lipid metabolism. The key technical problems associated with analysis of oxidized lipids and challenges in the field will also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xia Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiujing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Medical Technology, Zhangzhou Health Vocational College, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, 100000, China.
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Colas RA, Nhat LTH, Thuong NTT, Gómez EA, Ly L, Thanh HH, Mai NTH, Phu NH, Thwaites GE, Dalli J. Proresolving mediator profiles in cerebrospinal fluid are linked with disease severity and outcome in adults with tuberculous meningitis. FASEB J 2019; 33:13028-13039. [PMID: 31500466 PMCID: PMC6902685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901590r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of tuberculosis infection, characterized by a dysregulated immune response that frequently leads to neurologic injury and death despite the best available treatment. The mechanisms driving the inflammatory response in TBM are not well understood. To gain insights into these mechanisms, we used a lipid mediator-profiling approach to investigate the regulation of a novel group of host protective mediators, termed specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of adults with TBM. Herein, using CSF from patients enrolled into a randomized placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive aspirin treatment, we found distinct lipid mediator profiles with increasing disease severity. These changes were linked with an up-regulation of inflammatory eicosanoids in patients with severe TBM and a decrease in the production of a number of SPMs. CSF proresolving mediator concentrations were also associated with 80-d survival. In survivors, we found a significant increase in proresolving mediator concentrations, including the lipoxygenase 5-derived 13-series resolvin (RvT)2, RvT4, and 15-epi-lipoxin B4, compared with those who died. Of note, treatment of patients with high-dose aspirin led to a decrease in the concentrations of the prothrombic mediator thromboxane A2, reduced brain infarcts, and decreased death in patients with TBM. Together, these findings identify a CSF SPM signature that is associated with disease severity and 80-d mortality in TBM.-Colas, R. A., Nhat, L. T. H., Thuong, N. T. T., Gómez, E. A., Ly, L., Thanh, H. H., Mai, N. T. H., Phu, N. H., Thwaites, G. E., Dalli, J. Proresolving mediator profiles in cerebrospinal fluid are linked with disease severity and outcome in adults with tuberculous meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain A. Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Esteban A. Gómez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Ly
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
| | - Hai Hoang Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Hoan Phu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy E. Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for
Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United
Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The
London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London,
United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic
Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Panossian A, Seo EJ, Efferth T. Effects of anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic herbal extracts on gene expression of eicosanoids signaling pathways in isolated brain cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152881. [PMID: 30987861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adaptogens modulate expression of genes playing key roles in development of aging-related disorders, which are considered as low-grade systemic inflammatory conditions characterized by an imbalance between pro-and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. AIM OF THE STUDY We compared the effects of anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic plant extracts on the expression of genes involved in biosynthesis of eicosanoids with the purpose to find those plants, which selectively upregulated the expression of anti-inflammatory lipoxins signaling pathways and inhibited pro-inflammatory signaling pathways associated with biosynthesis of leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxanes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing to profile gene expression alterations in T98G neuroglia cells upon treatment of plant extract and analyzed the relevance of deregulated genes to eicosanoids signaling pathways using in silico models. RESULTS For the first time, we demonstrated that Rhodiola rosea, Withania somnifera and Eleutherococcus senticosus downregulate the expression of key genes (ALOX5AP, DPEP2, LTC4S) involved biosynthesis of leukotrienes A, B, C, D and E, resulting in inhibition of leukotriene signaling pathway suggesting their potential benefits in Alzheimer disease. The common feature for all tested anti-inflammatory plants extracts was related to downregulation of ALOX12, which was also associated with neuroprotective action of these medicinal plants as well as their potential benefits in neurodegenerative diseases. None of tested anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic plants selectively activated the ALOX15-mediated signaling pathway, which is associated with generation anti-inflammatory lipoxins. Almost all tested plants upregulated the expression of the prostaglandin E receptor 3 gene (PTGER3) suggesting their potential benefits in the treatment of cancer. CONCLUSION Every single plant tested in this study revealed a specific "signature" on eicosanoid signaling-related gene expression, regardless of their common features as anti-inflammatory or adaptogenic activity. Further studies of the combination of Rhodiola with Withania (Adaptra) for the treatment of Alzheimer disease are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- EuroPharma USA Inc., 955 Challenger Dr., Green Bay, WI 54311 USA; Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, Sweden.
| | - Ean-Jeong Seo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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13
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Bisicchia E, Sasso V, Molinari M, Viscomi MT. Plasticity of microglia in remote regions after focal brain injury. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:104-111. [PMID: 30703556 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CNS is endowed with an intrinsic ability to recover from and adapt secondary compensatory mechanisms to injury. The basis of recovery stems from brain plasticity, defined as the brain's ability to make adaptive changes on structural and functional levels, ranging from molecular, synaptic, and cellular changes in response to alterations in their environment. In this multitude of responses, microglia have an active role and contribute to brain plasticity through their dynamic responses. This review will provide an overview of microglial responses in the context of acute CNS injury and their function in post-traumatic repair and assess the changes that are induced by damage in remote areas from, but functionally connected to, the primary site of injury. In the second section, we highlight the effects of several therapeutic approaches, with particular interest paid to specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, in modulating microglial responses in remote regions and enhancing long-term functional recovery via suppression of neurodegenerative cascades that are induced by damage, which may contribute to a translational bridge from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bisicchia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Sasso
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Molinari
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Yam K, Schipper L, Reemst K, Ruigrok SR, Abbink MR, Hoeijmakers L, Naninck EFG, Zarekiani P, Oosting A, Van Der Beek EM, Lucassen PJ, Korosi A. Increasing availability of ω‐3 fatty acid in the early‐life diet prevents the early‐life stress‐induced cognitive impairments without affecting metabolic alterations. FASEB J 2019; 33:5729-5740. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802297r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kit‐Yi Yam
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Kitty Reemst
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Silvie R. Ruigrok
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Maralinde R. Abbink
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Hoeijmakers
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eva F. G. Naninck
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Parand Zarekiani
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Eline M. Van Der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Centre for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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15
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Bioactive Lipids in Inflammation After Central Nervous System Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:181-194. [PMID: 31140179 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the progress made over the last decades to understand the mechanisms underlying tissue damage and neurological deficits after neurotrauma, there are currently no effective treatments in the clinic. It is well accepted that the inflammatory response in the CNS after injury exacerbates tissue loss and functional impairments. Unfortunately, the use of potent anti-inflammatory drugs, such as methylprednisolone, fails to promote therapeutic recovery and also gives rise to several undesirable side effects related to immunosuppression. The injury-induced inflammatory response is complex, and understanding the mechanisms that regulate this inflammation is therefore crucial in the quest to develop effective treatments. Bioactive lipids have emerged as potent molecules in controlling the initiation, coordination, and resolution of inflammation and in promoting tissue repair and recovery of homeostasis. These bioactive lipids are produced by cells involved in the inflammatory response, and their defective synthesis leads to persistent chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and fibrosis. The present chapter discusses recent evidence for the role of some of these bioactive lipids, in particular, eicosanoid and pro-resolving lipid mediators, in the regulation of inflammation after neurotrauma and highlights the therapeutic potential of some of these lipids in enhancing neurological outcomes after CNS injuries.
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16
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Bennett JM, Reeves G, Billman GE, Sturmberg JP. Inflammation-Nature's Way to Efficiently Respond to All Types of Challenges: Implications for Understanding and Managing "the Epidemic" of Chronic Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:316. [PMID: 30538987 PMCID: PMC6277637 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Siloed or singular system approach to disease management is common practice, developing out of traditional medical school education. Textbooks of medicine describe a huge number of discrete diseases, usually in a systematic fashion following headings like etiology, pathology, investigations, differential diagnoses, and management. This approach suggests that the body has a multitude of ways to respond to harmful incidences. However, physiology and systems biology provide evidence that there is a simple mechanism behind this phenotypical variability. Regardless if an injury or change was caused by trauma, infection, non-communicable disease, autoimmune disorders, or stress, the typical physiological response is: an increase in blood supply to the area, an increase in white cells into the affected tissue, an increase in phagocytic activity to remove the offending agent, followed by a down-regulation of these mechanisms resulting in healing. The cascade of inflammation is the body's unique mechanism to maintain its integrity in response to macroscopic as well as microscopic injuries. We hypothesize that chronic disease development and progression are linked to uncontrolled or dysfunctional inflammation to injuries regardless of their nature, physical, environmental, or psychological. Thus, we aim to reframe the prevailing approach of management of individual diseases into a more integrated systemic approach of treating the "person as a whole," enhancing the patient experience, ability to a make necessary changes, and maximize overall health and well-being. The first part of the paper reviews the local immune cascades of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulation and the interconnected feedback loops with neural and psychological pathways. The second part emphasizes one of nature's principles at work-system design and efficiency. Continually overwhelming this finely tuned system will result in systemic inflammation allowing chronic diseases to emerge; the pathways of several common conditions are described in detail. The final part of the paper considers the implications of these understandings for clinical care and explore how this lens could shape the physician-patient encounter and health system redesign. We conclude that healthcare professionals must advocate for an anti-inflammatory lifestyle at the patient level as well as at the local and national levels to enhance population health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette M. Bennett
- Department of Psychological Science, StressWAVES Biobehavioral Research Lab, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Glenn Reeves
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - George E. Billman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joachim P. Sturmberg
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Foundation President, International Society for Systems and Complexity Sciences for Health, Delaware, United States
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17
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Pflieger FJ, Hernandez J, Schweighöfer H, Herden C, Rosengarten B, Rummel C. The role of neutrophil granulocytes in immune-to-brain communication. Temperature (Austin) 2018; 5:296-307. [PMID: 30574524 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2018.1538598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-to-brain communication has been studied in a variety of experimental models. Crucial insights into signalling and mechanisms were previously revealed in studies investigating fever induction pathways. The scientific community has primarily focused on neuronal and humoral pathways in the manifestation of this response. Emerging evidence has now shown that immune-to-brain signalling via immune cells is pivotal for normal brain function and brain pathology. The present manuscript aims to provide a brief overview on the current understanding of how immune cells signal to the brain. Insights are summarized on the potential physiological significance of some immune cells signalling from the periphery to the brain. A particular focus is laid on the role of neutrophil granulocytes. As such, IL-1β expressing neutrophil granulocytes have been shown to transfer inflammatory information to the brain and contribute to prolonged behavioural changes due to septic encephalopathy in rats during severe systemic inflammation induced by the bacterial component and TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. Modulation of immune cell recruitment to the brain is discussed by various confounding factors including sleep, exercise, the nutritional status e.g. obesity, leptin and omega 3 fatty acids, and psychological or inflammatory stressors. The physiological significance of immune cell mediated communication between the immune system and the brain is highlighted by the fact that systemic inflammatory insults can exacerbate ongoing brain pathologies via immune cell trafficking. New insights into mechanisms and mediators of immune cell mediated immune-to-brain communication are important for the development of new therapeutic strategies and the better understanding of existing ones. Abbreviations: ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone; BBB: blood-brain barrier; BBI: blood-brain interface; CD: cluster of differentiation; CINC: cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant; CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone; CVOs: circumventricular organs; CXCR: chemokine receptor; DAPI: 40:6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dilactate; DHA: docosahexaenoid acid; ICAM: intracellular adhesion molecule; IL: interleukin; i.p.: intraperitoneal; i.v.: intravenous; KC: keratinocytes-derived chemokine; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; MS: multiple sclerosis; NFκB: nuclear factor kappa B; NF-IL6: nuclear factor IL-6; PCTR: protectin conjugates in tissue regeneration; PG: prostaglandin; p.i.: post injection; PVN: paraventricular nucleus; ra: receptor antagonist; STAT3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; TLR: toll-like receptor; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Johannes Pflieger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jessica Hernandez
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hanna Schweighöfer
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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18
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Huffman WJ, Subramaniyan S, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Grill WM, Terrando N. Modulation of neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction using percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in mice. Brain Stimul 2018; 12:19-29. [PMID: 30337243 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vagus nerve is involved in regulating immunity and resolving inflammation. Current strategies aimed at modulating neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, in many cases, are limited and ineffective. OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a minimally invasive, targeted, vagus nerve stimulation approach (pVNS), and we tested its efficacy with respect to microglial activation and amelioration of cognitive dysfunction following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxemia in mice. METHODS We stimulated the cervical vagus nerve in mice using an ultrasound-guided needle electrode under sevoflurane anesthesia. The concentric bipolar needle electrode was percutaneously placed adjacent to the carotid sheath and stimulation was verified in real-time using bradycardia as a biomarker. Activation of vagal fibers was confirmed with immunostaining in relevant brainstem structures, including the dorsal motor nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius. Efficacy of pVNS was evaluated following administration of LPS and analyses of changes in inflammation and behavior. RESULTS pVNS enabled stimulation of the vagus nerve as demonstrated by changes in bradycardia and histological evaluation of c-Fos and choline acetyltransferase expression in brainstem nuclei. Following LPS administration, pVNS significantly reduced plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α at 3 h post-injection. pVNS prevented LPS-induced hippocampal microglial activation as analyzed by changes in Iba-1 immunoreactivity, including cell body enlargement and shortened ramifications. Cognitive dysfunction following endotoxemia was also restored by pVNS. CONCLUSION Targeted cervical VNS using this novel percutaneous approach reduced LPS-induced systemic and brain inflammation and significantly improved cognitive responses. These results provide a novel therapeutic approach using bioelectronic medicine to modulate neuro-immune interactions that affect cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Huffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Saraswathi Subramaniyan
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Warren M Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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19
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Tungen JE, Aursnes M, Ramon S, Colas RA, Serhan CN, Olberg DE, Nuruddin S, Willoch F, Hansen TV. Synthesis of protectin D1 analogs: novel pro-resolution and radiotracer agents. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6818-6823. [PMID: 30204204 PMCID: PMC6309860 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01232f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protectin D1 is a specialized pro-resolving mediator with potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo in several human disease models. Herein the preparation of the first synthetic analog of protectin D1, named 22-F-PD1, is presented together with data from in vivo investigations. This analog showed potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory properties. These results inspired the preparation of the radiotracer 22-[18F]F-PD1-ME that was used in a positron emission tomography proof of concept study. Altogether, the findings presented contribute to new knowledge on the biomolecular properties of protectin D1 analogs. In addition, an improved formal synthesis of the metabolite 22-OH-PD1 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Tungen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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