1
|
Kazenel MR, Wright KW, Griswold T, Whitney KD, Rudgers JA. Heat and desiccation tolerances predict bee abundance under climate change. Nature 2024; 628:342-348. [PMID: 38538790 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change could pose an urgent threat to pollinators, with critical ecological and economic consequences. However, for most insect pollinator species, we lack the long-term data and mechanistic evidence that are necessary to identify climate-driven declines and predict future trends. Here we document 16 years of abundance patterns for a hyper-diverse bee assemblage1 in a warming and drying region2, link bee declines with experimentally determined heat and desiccation tolerances, and use climate sensitivity models to project bee communities into the future. Aridity strongly predicted bee abundance for 71% of 665 bee populations (species × ecosystem combinations). Bee taxa that best tolerated heat and desiccation increased the most over time. Models forecasted declines for 46% of species and predicted more homogeneous communities dominated by drought-tolerant taxa, even while total bee abundance may remain unchanged. Such community reordering could reduce pollination services, because diverse bee assemblages typically maximize pollination for plant communities3. Larger-bodied bees also dominated under intermediate to high aridity, identifying body size as a valuable trait for understanding how climate-driven shifts in bee communities influence pollination4. We provide evidence that climate change directly threatens bee diversity, indicating that bee conservation efforts should account for the stress of aridity on bee physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Kazenel
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Karen W Wright
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Washington State Department of Agriculture, Yakima, WA, USA
| | - Terry Griswold
- USDA-ARS Pollinating Insects Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kenneth D Whitney
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zapata-Hernández G, Gajardo-Rojas M, Calderón-Seguel M, Muñoz AA, Yáñez KP, Requier F, Fontúrbel FE, Ormeño-Arriagada PI, Arrieta H. Advances and knowledge gaps on climate change impacts on honey bees and beekeeping: A systematic review. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17219. [PMID: 38450832 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The Western honey bee Apis mellifera is a managed species that provides diverse hive products and contributing to wild plant pollination, as well as being a critical component of crop pollination systems worldwide. High mortality rates have been reported in different continents attributed to different factors, including pesticides, pests, diseases, and lack of floral resources. Furthermore, climate change has been identified as a potential driver negatively impacting pollinators, but it is still unclear how it could affect honey bee populations. In this context, we carried out a systematic review to synthesize the effects of climate change on honey bees and beekeeping activities. A total of 90 articles were identified, providing insight into potential impacts (negative, neutral, and positive) on honey bees and beekeeping. Interest in climate change's impact on honey bees has increased in the last decade, with studies mainly focusing on honey bee individuals, using empirical and experimental approaches, and performed at short-spatial (<10 km) and temporal (<5 years) scales. Moreover, environmental analyses were mainly based on short-term data (weather) and concentrated on only a few countries. Environmental variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind were widely studied and had generalized negative effects on different biological and ecological aspects of honey bees. Food reserves, plant-pollinator networks, mortality, gene expression, and metabolism were negatively impacted. Knowledge gaps included a lack of studies at the apiary and beekeeper level, a limited number of predictive and perception studies, poor representation of large-spatial and mid-term scales, a lack of climate analysis, and a poor understanding of the potential impacts of pests and diseases. Finally, climate change's impacts on global beekeeping are still an emergent issue. This is mainly due to their diverse effects on honey bees and the potential necessity of implementing adaptation measures to sustain this activity under complex environmental scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germán Zapata-Hernández
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Martina Gajardo-Rojas
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Matías Calderón-Seguel
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociales, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Iquique, Chile
| | - Ariel A Muñoz
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen P Yáñez
- Centro de Biotecnología Dr. Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fabrice Requier
- CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Francisco E Fontúrbel
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo I Ormeño-Arriagada
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Informática, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Héctor Arrieta
- Centro de Acción Climática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Butovskaya E, Gasparini M, Angelone B, Cancemi G, Tranquillo V, Prestini G, Bosi F, Menotta S. Occurrence of Glyphosate and Other Polar Pesticides in Honey from Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna Regions in Italy: Three-Year Monitoring Results. Foods 2023; 12:4448. [PMID: 38137252 PMCID: PMC10742983 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive agricultural practices, such as pesticides use, may negatively affect bee health and hive products. Glyphosate is one of the most widely used polar pesticides applied in crops for weed control. In this study, honey samples, collected from beekeeping farms located in the Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna regions in Italy in the framework of regional monitoring plans activated from 2020 to 2022, were analyzed for the presence of residues of polar pesticides. The analytical method based on ion chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to quantify glyphosate, glufosinate, ethephon, fosetyl aluminum, and their related metabolites. Residues of glyphosate were detected in around 28% of analyzed honey samples. Observations on the distribution of the honey-production-site locations suggest that honey samples originating from the provinces within the Lombardy region, where the agricultural sector is highly developed, were more affected by glyphosate contamination than the samples collected from the areas with low agricultural activity, where no glyphosate residues were detected over the three years of the monitoring program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Butovskaya
- Food and Feed Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (B.A.); (G.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Mara Gasparini
- Food and Feed Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (B.A.); (G.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Barbara Angelone
- Food and Feed Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (B.A.); (G.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Gabriella Cancemi
- Food and Feed Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (B.A.); (G.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Vito Tranquillo
- Programmazione dei Servizi e Controllo di Gestione, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Prestini
- Dipartimento Veterinario e Sicurezza degli Alimenti di Origine Animale, ATS della BRIANZA, Viale Elvezia 2, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Filippo Bosi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale della Romagna–Ravenna, via Fiume Montone Abbandonato 134, 48100 Ravenna, Italy;
| | - Simonetta Menotta
- Food and Feed Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini” (IZSLER), via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy; (M.G.); (B.A.); (G.C.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alberti S, Stasolla G, Mazzola S, Casacci LP, Barbero F. Bioacoustic IoT Sensors as Next-Generation Tools for Monitoring: Counting Flying Insects through Buzz. INSECTS 2023; 14:924. [PMID: 38132598 PMCID: PMC10743731 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The global loss of biodiversity is an urgent concern requiring the implementation of effective monitoring. Flying insects, such as pollinators, are vital for ecosystems, and establishing their population dynamics has become essential in conservation biology. Traditional monitoring methods are labour-intensive and show time constraints. In this work, we explore the use of bioacoustic sensors for monitoring flying insects. Data collected at four Italian farms using traditional monitoring methods, such as hand netting and pan traps, and bioacoustic sensors were compared. The results showed a positive correlation between the average number of buzzes per hour and insect abundance measured by traditional methods, primarily by pan traps. Intraday and long-term analysis performed on buzzes revealed temperature-related patterns of insect activity. Passive acoustic monitoring proved to be effective in estimating flying insect abundance, while further development of the algorithm is required to correctly identify insect taxa. Overall, innovative technologies, such as bioacoustic sensors, do not replace the expertise and data quality provided by professionals, but they offer unprecedented opportunities to ease insect monitoring to support conservation biodiversity efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Alberti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | | | - Simone Mazzola
- 3Bee srl, Via Alessandro Volta 4, 20056 Trezzo Sull’Adda, Italy;
| | - Luca Pietro Casacci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesca Barbero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wizenberg SB, Newburn LR, Pepinelli M, Conflitti IM, Richardson RT, Hoover SER, Currie RW, Giovenazzo P, Zayed A. Validating a multi-locus metabarcoding approach for characterizing mixed-pollen samples. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:120. [PMID: 37925401 PMCID: PMC10625703 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mutualistic interaction between entomophilous plants and pollinators is fundamental to the structure of most terrestrial ecosystems. The sensitive nature of this relationship has been disrupted by anthropogenic modifications to natural landscapes, warranting development of new methods for exploring this trophic interaction. Characterizing the composition of pollen collected by pollinators, e.g. Apis mellifera, is a common means of exploring this relationship, but traditional methods of microscopic pollen assessment are laborious and limited in their scope. The development of pollen metabarcoding as a method of rapidly characterizing the abundance and diversity of pollen within mixed samples presents a new frontier for this type of work, but metabarcoding may have limitations, and validation is warranted before any suite of primers can be confidently used in a research program. We set out to evaluate the utility of an integrative approach, using a set of established primers (ITS2 and rbcL) versus melissopalynological analysis for characterizing 27 mixed-pollen samples from agricultural sites across Canada. RESULTS Both individual markers performed well relative to melissopalynology at the family level with decreases in the strength of correlation and linear model fits at the genus level. Integrating data from both markers together via a multi-locus approach provided the best rank-based correlation between metagenetic and melissopalynological data at both the genus (ρ = 0.659; p < 0.001) and family level (ρ = 0.830; p < 0.001). Species accumulation curves indicated that, after controlling for sampling effort, melissopalynological characterization provides similar or higher species richness estimates than either marker. The higher number of plant species discovered via the metabarcoding approach simply reflects the vastly greater sampling effort in comparison to melissopalynology. CONCLUSIONS Pollen metabarcoding performed well at characterizing the composition of mixed pollen samples relative to a traditional melissopalynological approach. Limitations to the quantitative application of this method can be addressed by adopting a multi-locus approach that integrates information from multiple markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney B Wizenberg
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Laura R Newburn
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Mateus Pepinelli
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ida M Conflitti
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Rodney T Richardson
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Frostburg, MD, 21613, USA
| | - Shelley E R Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K3M4, Canada
| | - Robert W Currie
- Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, 12 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Pierre Giovenazzo
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, 2325 Rue de l'Université, Québec City, Québec, G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Willcox BK, Potts SG, Brown MJF, Alix A, Al Naggar Y, Chauzat MP, Costa C, Gekière A, Hartfield C, Hatjina F, Knapp JL, Martínez-López V, Maus C, Metodiev T, Nazzi F, Osterman J, Raimets R, Strobl V, Van Oystaeyen A, Wintermantel D, Yovcheva N, Senapathi D. Emerging threats and opportunities to managed bee species in European agricultural systems: a horizon scan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18099. [PMID: 37872212 PMCID: PMC10593766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Managed bee species provide essential pollination services that contribute to food security worldwide. However, managed bees face a diverse array of threats and anticipating these, and potential opportunities to reduce risks, is essential for the sustainable management of pollination services. We conducted a horizon scanning exercise with 20 experts from across Europe to identify emerging threats and opportunities for managed bees in European agricultural systems. An initial 63 issues were identified, and this was shortlisted to 21 issues through the horizon scanning process. These ranged from local landscape-level management to geopolitical issues on a continental and global scale across seven broad themes-Pesticides & pollutants, Technology, Management practices, Predators & parasites, Environmental stressors, Crop modification, and Political & trade influences. While we conducted this horizon scan within a European context, the opportunities and threats identified will likely be relevant to other regions. A renewed research and policy focus, especially on the highest-ranking issues, is required to maximise the value of these opportunities and mitigate threats to maintain sustainable and healthy managed bee pollinators within agricultural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryony K Willcox
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Anne Alix
- Corteva Agriscience, Regulatory and Stewardship Europe, Middle East and Africa, Abingdon, UK
| | - Yahya Al Naggar
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- ANSES, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, Unit of Honey Bee Pathology, 06902, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Cecilia Costa
- CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antoine Gekière
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Chris Hartfield
- National Farmers' Union, Agriculture House, Stoneleigh Park, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire, CV8 2TZ, UK
| | - Fani Hatjina
- Department of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, ELGO 'DIMITRA', 63200, Nea Moudania, Greece
| | - Jessica L Knapp
- Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martínez-López
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Francesco Nazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Julia Osterman
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Risto Raimets
- Department of Plant Protection, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Dimitry Wintermantel
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van Espen M, Williams JH, Alves F, Hung Y, de Graaf DC, Verbeke W. Beekeeping in Europe facing climate change: A mixed methods study on perceived impacts and the need to adapt according to stakeholders and beekeepers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 888:164255. [PMID: 37196971 PMCID: PMC10280316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The beekeeping sector is suffering from the detrimental effects of climate change, both directly and indirectly. Despite numerous studies conducted on this subject, large-scale research incorporating stakeholders' and beekeepers' perspectives has remained elusive. This study aims to bridge this gap by assessing the extent to which stakeholders involved in the European beekeeping sector and European beekeepers perceive and experience the impacts of climate change on their operations, and whether they had to adapt their practices accordingly. To this end, a mixed-methods study including in-depth stakeholder interviews (n = 41) and a pan-European beekeeper survey (n = 844) was completed within the frame of the EU-funded H2020-project B-GOOD. The development of the beekeeper survey was informed by insights from literature and the stakeholder interviews. The results highlighted significant regional disparities in the perceived impacts of climate change, with beekeepers in Southern European regions expressing more negative outlooks, while Northern European beekeepers reported more favourable experiences. Furthermore, survey analysis revealed beekeepers who were classified as 'heavily impacted' by climate change. These beekeepers reported lower average honey yields, higher colony winter loss rates and a stronger perceived contribution of honey bees to pollination and biodiversity, underscoring climate change's detrimental impacts on the beekeeping sector. Multinomial logistic regression revealed determinants of the likelihood of beekeepers being classified as 'heavily impacted' by climate change. This analysis indicates that Southern European beekeepers experienced a 10-fold likelihood of being classified as heavily impacted by climate change compared to Northern European beekeepers. Other significant factors distinguishing 'winners' and 'losers' were self-reported level of professionalism as a beekeeper (ranging from pure hobbyist to fully professional, Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.31), number of years active in beekeeping (OR = 1.02), availability of floral resources throughout the bee season (OR = 0.78), beehives located in a forested environment (OR = 1.34), and the presence of local policy measures addressing climate change-related challenges (OR = 0.76).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Van Espen
- Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - James H Williams
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience (ECOS), C.F. Møllers Allé 4-8, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Fátima Alves
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Science for People and the Planet, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Calçada Martins de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Yung Hung
- Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Dirk C de Graaf
- Ghent University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Krijgslaan 281 S2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Verbeke
- Ghent University, Department of Agricultural Economics, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tayal M, Wilson C, Cieniewicz E. Bees and thrips carry virus-positive pollen in peach orchards in South Carolina, United States. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 116:1091-1101. [PMID: 37402628 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) and prune dwarf virus (PDV) are pollen-borne viruses of important stone fruit crops, including peaches, which can cause substantial yield loss. Although both horizontal and vertical (i.e., seed) transmission of both viruses occurs through pollen, the role of flower-visiting insects in their transmission is not well understood. Bees and thrips reportedly spread PNRSV and PDV in orchards and greenhouse studies; however, the field spread of PNRSV and PDV in peach orchards in the southeastern United States is not explored. We hypothesized that bees and thrips may facilitate virus spread by carrying virus-positive pollen. Our 2-yr survey results show that 75% of captured bees are carrying virus-positive pollen and moving across the orchard while a subsample of thrips were also found virus positive. Based on morphology, Bombus, Apis, Andrena, Eucera, and Habropoda are the predominant bee genera that were captured in peach orchards. Understanding the role of bees and thrips in the spread of PNRSV and PDV will enhance our understanding of pollen-borne virus ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Tayal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Christopher Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cieniewicz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meza F, Darbyshire R, Farrell A, Lakso A, Lawson J, Meinke H, Nelson G, Stockle C. Assessing temperature-based adaptation limits to climate change of temperate perennial fruit crops. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2557-2571. [PMID: 36652298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Temperate perennial fruit and nut trees play varying roles in world food diversity-providing edible oils and micronutrient, energy, and protein dense foods. In addition, perennials reuse significant amounts of biomass each year providing a unique resilience. But they also have a unique sensitivity to seasonal temperatures, requiring a period of dormancy for successful growing season production. This paper takes a global view of five temperate tree fruit crops-apples, cherries, almonds, olives, and grapes-and assesses the effects of future temperature changes on thermal suitability. It uses climate data from five earth system models for two CMIP6 climate scenarios and temperature-related indices of stress to indicate potential future areas where crops cannot be grown and highlight potential new suitable regions. The loss of currently suitable areas and new additions in new locations varies by scenario. In the southern hemisphere (SH), end-century (2081-2100) suitable areas under the SSP 5-8.5 scenario decline by more than 40% compared to a recent historical period (1991-2010). In the northern hemisphere (NH) suitability increases by 20% to almost 60%. With SSP1-2.6, however, the changes are much smaller with SH area declining by about 25% and NH increasing by about 10%. The results suggest substantial restructuring of global production for these crops. Essentially, climate change shifts temperature-suitable locations toward higher latitudes. In the SH, most of the historically suitable areas were already at the southern end of the landmass limiting opportunities for adaptation. If breeding efforts can bring chilling requirements for the major cultivars closer to that currently seen in some cultivars, suitable areas at the end of the century are greater, but higher summer temperatures offset the extent. The high value of fruit crops provides adaptation opportunities such as cultivar selection, canopy cooling using sprinklers, shade netting, and precision irrigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Meza
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rebecca Darbyshire
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Aidan Farrell
- Department of Life Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Alan Lakso
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, USA
| | - James Lawson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Central Coast Primary Industries Centre, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gerald Nelson
- University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Claudio Stockle
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Decourtye A, Rollin O, Requier F, Allier F, Rüger C, Vidau C, Henry M. Decision-making criteria for pesticide spraying considering the bees’ presence on crops to reduce their exposure risk. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1062441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of poisoning bees by sprayed pesticides depends on the attractiveness of plants and environmental and climatic factors. Thus, to protect bees from pesticide intoxication, an usual exemption to pesticide regulations allows for spraying on blooming flowers with insecticides or acaricides when no bees are foraging on crops. Nevertheless, decision-making criteria for farmers to assess the absence of bees on their crops remain under debate. To fill this gap, we present here a review of the literature and an analysis of weather conditions and environmental factors that affect the presence of bees on flowering crops that may be treated with pesticides, with the objective of proposing to farmers a series of decision-making criteria on how and when to treat. We conclude that the criteria commonly considered, such as ambient temperature, crop attractiveness, or distance from field edges, cannot guarantee the absence of forager exposure during pesticide sprays. Nocturnal sprays of pesticides on crops would be the most effective action to help farmers avoid unintentional acute poisoning of bees.
Collapse
|
11
|
Grossar D, Haynes E, Budge GE, Parejo M, Gauthier L, Charrière JD, Chapuisat M, Dietemann V. Population genetic diversity and dynamics of the honey bee brood pathogen Melissococcus plutonius in a region with high prevalence. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 196:107867. [PMID: 36503887 PMCID: PMC9885493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
European foulbrood (EFB) is a honey bee brood disease caused by the bacterium Melissococcus plutonius. Large-scale EFB outbreaks have been reported in several countries in recent decades, which entail costly sanitation measures of affected apiaries to restrict the spread of this contagious pathogen. To mitigate its impact, a better understanding of the population dynamics of the etiological agent is required. We here used multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to infer the genetic diversity and geographical distribution of 160 M. plutonius isolates collected from EFB symptomatic honey bee colonies seven years apart. Isolates belonged to three clonal complexes (CCs) known worldwide and to 12 sequence types (STs), of which five were novel. Phylogenetic and clustering analyses showed that some of these novel sequence types have likely evolved locally during a period of outbreak, but most disappeared again. We further screened the isolates for melissotoxin A (mtxA), a putative virulence gene. The prevalence of STs in which mtxA was frequent increased over time, suggesting that this gene promotes spread. Despite the increased frequency of this gene in the population, the total number of cases decreased, which could be due to stricter control measures implemented before the second sampling period. Our results provide a better understanding of M. plutonius population dynamics and help identify knowledge gaps that limit efficient control of this emerging disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grossar
- Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Edward Haynes
- Bee health laboratory, Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Fera Department of Biology, University of York, York, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Giles E Budge
- Bee health laboratory, Fera Science Ltd, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Melanie Parejo
- Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bilbao, 48940, Spain
| | - Laurent Gauthier
- Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Daniel Charrière
- Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michel Chapuisat
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Dietemann
- Swiss Bee Research Center, Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3003 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lourencetti APS, Azevedo P, Miotelo L, Malaspina O, Nocelli RCF. Surrogate species in pesticide risk assessments: Toxicological data of three stingless bees species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120842. [PMID: 36509344 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Discussions about environmental risk reassessment of pesticides have grown in the last decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions since the diversity of bee species in these places is quite different. Stingless bees are highly affected by pesticides, and toxicity information is necessary to include them in the regulatory process of countries that hosts a diversity of these species. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the Median Lethal Concentration (LC50), estimate the Median Lethal Dose (LD50) and compared the sensitivity of three species of stingless bees exposed to the commercial formulation of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (TMX). The LD50 was estimated based on the LC50 determined in the present study (LC50 = 0.329 ng a.i./μL for Tetragonisca angustula; 0.624 ng a.i./μL for Scaptotrigona postica, and 0.215 ng a.i./μL for Melipona scutellaris). Considering these data, toxicity endpoints were used to fit species sensitive distribution curves (SSD) and determine the sensitivity ratio. The results showed that all the stingless bees tested are more sensitive to TMX than the Apis mellifera, the model organism used in ecotoxicological tests. Regarding the oral LC50, the most susceptible and most tolerant species were M. scutellaris > T. angustula > S. postica > A. mellifera. Following the same evaluated pattern, for the LD50 (considering the weight of the bees - ng a.i./g bee), we have: M. scutellaris > S. postica > T. angustula > A. mellifera, and without the weight considered (ng a.i./bee): T. angustula > M. scutellaris > S. postica > A. mellifera. The different sensitivities among stingless bee species highlight the importance of inserting more than one surrogate species with a variety of sizes in research and protocol development. Additionally, the research suggests the need to investigate patterns regarding the influence of body mass on pesticide sensitivity among stingless bee species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Salomé Lourencetti
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Araras, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patricia Azevedo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Instituto de Biologia (IB), Grupo de Genética e Genômica da Conservação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miotelo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP) campus Rio Claro, Instituto de Biociências (IB), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Biologia Celular, Molecular e Microbiologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cornélio Ferreira Nocelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA), Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Grupo Abelhas e os Serviços Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agricultura e Ambiente, Araras, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tutun H, Sekercİ Y, Sevіn S. Future effects of small hive beetle, Aethina tumida, on honey bee colony in Turkey based on temperature factor using a mathematical model. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2022.2134477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tutun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Y. Sekercİ
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey an
| | - S. Sevіn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Herab A, Al-Ghamdi A, Alzahrani K, Elhindi KM, Muddassir M, Kassem HS. A Framework for Quantifying the Strength of Partnerships between Agricultural Cooperatives and Development Actors: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:364. [PMID: 36612686 PMCID: PMC9819027 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The issue of the agricultural cooperatives' sustainability in developing their businesses is gaining increasing prominence. Building partnerships between development actors and agricultural cooperatives has been considered an effective strategy for supporting financial capital and addressing sustainability issues collectively. Therefore, this study aimed to address the features and strengths of 33 partnerships established between the Beekeeping Cooperative Association in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia, and other actors between 2016 and 2021. The analysis of the collaborations was based on six criteria: motivations, partnership planning, outputs, governance practices, outcomes, and sustainability of a partnership. Furthermore, we developed a weighted scoring model to control variable selection and submit the strength of each partnership. The findings indicated that most collaborations (45.5%) were signed with the private sector. Furthermore, the honey value chain development was the most frequent reason (69.7%) attracting the partners to engage in the partnerships. Some of the most critical environmental objectives targeted by the partnerships examined were enhancing bee habitat by the diversification of pasture species, management to increase the flowering period, and proper grazing management. All partners achieved their individual goals jointly in 54.5% of the partnerships analyzed. In terms of a partnership's strength, the findings also revealed that only three partnerships (9.1%) were characterized as strong partnerships. This study provides a better understanding of how agricultural cooperatives collaborate with other actors and a basis for assessing the strength of the partnerships. Such information is crucial for developing relevant policies to encourage cooperatives to engage in future sustainability partnerships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Herab
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khodran Alzahrani
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M. Elhindi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Muddassir
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem S. Kassem
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Society, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dequenne I, Philippart de Foy JM, Cani PD. Developing Strategies to Help Bee Colony Resilience in Changing Environments. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233396. [PMID: 36496917 PMCID: PMC9737243 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change, loss of plant biodiversity, burdens caused by new pathogens, predators, and toxins due to human disturbance and activity are significant causes of the loss of bee colonies and wild bees. The aim of this review is to highlight some possible strategies that could help develop bee resilience in facing their changing environments. Scientists underline the importance of the links between nutrition, microbiota, and immune and neuroendocrine stress resistance of bees. Nutrition with special care for plant-derived molecules may play a major role in bee colony health. Studies have highlighted the importance of pollen, essential oils, plant resins, and leaves or fungi as sources of fundamental nutrients for the development and longevity of a honeybee colony. The microbiota is also considered as a key factor in bee physiology and a cornerstone between nutrition, metabolism, growth, health, and pathogen resistance. Another stressor is the varroa mite parasite. This parasite is a major concern for beekeepers and needs specific strategies to reduce its severe impact on honeybees. Here we discuss how helping bees to thrive, especially through changing environments, is of great concern for beekeepers and scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dequenne
- J-M Philippart de Foy & I Dequenne Consultation, Avenue Orban, 127, 1150 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vasconcelos D, Nunes NJ. A Low-Cost Multi-Purpose IoT Sensor for Biologging and Soundscape Activities. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7100. [PMID: 36236203 PMCID: PMC9573540 DOI: 10.3390/s22197100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion in miniaturization, usability, energy efficiency, and affordability of Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, integrated with innovations in smart capability, is greatly increasing opportunities in ground-level monitoring of ecosystems at a specific scale using sensor grids. Surrounding sound is a powerful data source for investigating urban and non-urban ecosystem health, and researchers commonly use robust but expensive passive sensors as monitoring equipment to capture it. This paper comprehensively describes the hardware behind our low-cost, small multipurpose prototype, capable of monitoring different environments (e.g., remote locations) with onboard processing power. The device consists of a printed circuit board, microprocessor, local memory, environmental sensor, microphones, optical sensors and LoRa (Long Range) communication systems. The device was successfully used in different use cases, from monitoring mosquitoes enhanced with optical sensors to ocean activities using a hydrophone.
Collapse
|
17
|
Perez-Cobo I, Fernández-Alba AR, Hernando MD. First national survey of residues of active substances in honeybee apiaries across Spain between 2012 and 2016. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155614. [PMID: 35504369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This nationwide monitoring aimed to investigate the prevalence of residues of plant protection products (PPPs) and veterinary medicine products (VMPs) based on random selection of apiaries of Apis mellifera. For a three-year period (2012, 2013 and 2016), this study targeted 306 PPPs, VMPs and other active substances in 442 samples of bee bread honeycomb (BBHC) and 89 samples of honeybees collected from up to 177 apiaries. The results indicate that honeybees were most often exposed to residues of coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, chlorfenvinphos, and acrinathrin, with a prevalence from a maximum of 98.8% to 49.4% in BBHC samples. Residues of coumaphos, tau-fluvalinate, amitraz (DMF + DMPF), carbendazim and orthophenylphenol were also frequently detected, from a maximum of 55.1% to 13.5% of the honeybee samples. Neonicotinoid residues, namely clothianidin and thiamethoxam, whose outdoor uses in crops are completely banned in EU, were not detected. Imidacloprid was found in 3.4% to 13.3% of samples during 2013 and 2016, respectively. Imidacloprid exceeded its acute toxicity (LD50) value for honey bees in two samples of BBHC. Fipronil was detected in 0.5% of the samples during 2013. The diversity of active substances found (% of different residues analyzed) ranged from 33.9% to 37.2% in BBHC from 2012, 2013 to 2016, and was of 26.5% in honeybees in 2016. In at least 54% of the samples, the total residue load was in the range of 200 to 1500 μg·kg-1. Up to 50% of BBHC samples were positive for one or two residues. No toxic residues for honeybees were detected in up to 88.8% of bee samples. This systematic surveillance of active substances assisted the evaluation of which target pesticides to look for and provided support to the competent authorities in the bee health decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iratxe Perez-Cobo
- Central Veterinary-Animal Health Laboratory (LCV), 28110 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - M Dolores Hernando
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Impact of the Plant-Based Natural Supplement Imмunostart Herb on Honey Bee Colony Performance. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2022-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Winter is the season that poses the greatest challenges for honey bee colonies. Therefore, the main approach in beekeeping practice is aimed mainly at providing sufficient quality food supplies for bee colonies in early autumn. We conducted the present study to test the influence of the natural plant extract IMМUNOSTART HERB on population strength, stored pollen area, capped worker brood area, and honey yield. The experimental groups were supplied with IMМUNOSTART HERB 4 times at 7-day intervals, whereas sugar syrup was given to the control groups. The obtained results showed that the applied supplemental diet affected all investigated biological parameters, with the most noticeable effect after the second application. In all measurements, the honey bee colony parameters in the treated groups showed higher values in comparison to the control groups. These results highlight the potential of herbal supplements to effectively improve bee colonies’ development during the period of scarce bee forage, as well as to provide suitable conditions for successful overwintering.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wyckhuys KAG, Sanchez Garcia FJ, Santos AMC, Canal NA, Furlong MJ, Melo MC, GC YD, Pozsgai G. Island and Mountain Ecosystems as Testbeds for Biological Control in the Anthropocene. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.912628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For centuries, islands and mountains have incited the interest of naturalists, evolutionary biologists and ecologists. Islands have been the cradle for biogeography and speciation theories, while mountain ranges have informed how population adaptation to thermal floors shapes the distribution of species globally. Islands of varying size and mountains’ altitudinal ranges constitute unique “natural laboratories” where one can investigate the effects of species loss or global warming on ecosystem service delivery. Although invertebrate pollination or seed dispersal processes are steadily being examined, biological control research is lagging. While observations of a wider niche breadth among insect pollinators in small (i.e., species-poor) islands or at high (i.e., colder) altitudes likely also hold for biological control agents, such remains to be examined. In this Perspective piece, we draw on published datasets to show that island size alone does not explain biological control outcomes. Instead, one needs to account for species’ functional traits, habitat heterogeneity, host community make-up, phenology, site history or even anthropogenic forces. Meanwhile, data from mountain ranges show how parasitism rates of Noctuid moths and Tephritid fruit flies exhibit species- and context-dependent shifts with altitude. Nevertheless, future empirical work in mountain settings could clarify the thermal niche space of individual natural enemy taxa and overall thermal resilience of biological control. We further discuss how global databases can be screened, while ecological theories can be tested, and simulation models defined based upon observational or manipulative assays in either system. Doing so can yield unprecedented insights into the fate of biological control in the Anthropocene and inform ways to reinforce this vital ecosystem service under global environmental change scenarios.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lau P, Lesne P, Grebenok RJ, Rangel J, Behmer ST. Assessing pollen nutrient content: a unifying approach for the study of bee nutritional ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210510. [PMID: 35491590 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor nutrition and landscape changes are regularly cited as key factors causing the decline of wild and managed bee populations. However, what constitutes 'poor nutrition' for bees currently is inadequately defined. Bees collect and eat pollen: it is their only solid food source and it provides a broad suite of required macro- and micronutrients. Bees are also generalist foragers and thus the different pollen types they collect and eat can be highly nutritionally variable. Therefore, characterizing the multidimensional nutrient content of different pollen types is needed to fully understand pollen as a nutritional resource. Unfortunately, the use of different analytical approaches to assess pollen nutrient content has complicated between-studies comparisons and blurred our understanding of pollen nutrient content. In the current study, we start by reviewing the common methods used to estimate protein and lipids found in pollen. Next, using monofloral Brassica and Rosa pollen, we experimentally reveal biases in results using these methods. Finally, we use our collective data to propose a unifying approach for analysing pollen nutrient content. This will help researchers better study and understand the nutritional ecology-including foraging behaviour, nutrient regulation and health-of bees and other pollen feeders. This article is part of the theme issue 'Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lau
- Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pierre Lesne
- Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Juliana Rangel
- Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Salkova D, Shumkova R, Balkanska R, Palova N, Neov B, Radoslavov G, Hristov P. Molecular Detection of Nosema spp. in Honey in Bulgaria. Vet Sci 2021; 9:vetsci9010010. [PMID: 35051094 PMCID: PMC8777891 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is related to screening genetic material of various organisms in environmental samples. Honey represents a natural source of exogenous DNA, which allows for the detection of different honey bee pathogens and parasites. In the present study, we extracted DNA from 20 honey samples from different regions in Bulgaria and tested for the presence of DNA of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, as well as Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Only Nosema ceranae was detected, showing up in 30% of all samples, which confirms the widespread prevalence of this pathogen. All positive samples were found in plain regions of the country, while this pathogen was not detected in mountainous parts. None of the samples gave positive amplifications for the Nosema apis and Varroa mite. The obtained results from this study confirm previous observations that eDNA contained in honey is a potent source for effective biomonitoring of actual diseases in the honey bee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delka Salkova
- Department of Experimental Parasitology, Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Rositsa Shumkova
- Research Centre of Stockbreeding and Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, 4700 Smolyan, Bulgaria;
| | - Ralitsa Balkanska
- Department “Special Branches”, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Academy, 2230 Kostinbrod, Bulgaria;
| | - Nadezhda Palova
- Scientific Center of Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, 8300 Sredets, Bulgaria;
| | - Boyko Neov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Georgi Radoslavov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Peter Hristov
- Department of Animal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (B.N.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2-979-2327
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
MORALES-ALBA AF, CARVAJAL-COGOLLO JE, Morales Castaño IT. ABEJAS EN SISTEMAS AGRÍCOLAS: REVISIÓN DE LA DIVERSIDAD TAXONÓMICA Y FUNCIONAL, Y PERSPECTIVAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v27n2.92192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Las abejas son insectos de gran importancia ecológica ya que son responsables de procesos como la polinización en ambientes naturales y agrícolas, contribuyendo a la salud y resiliencia de los ecosistemas. Se hizo una revisión para abordar las dimensiones taxonómica y funcional de la diversidad de abejas en cultivos de palma, papa, café, granadilla, gulupa y maracuyá. Se realizó la búsqueda de información en bases de datos usando palabras claves y operadores boléanos. Se construyeron curvas análogas a las de acumulación de especies y se realizó un análisis de complementariedad, para evaluar la diversidad taxonómica. Se utilizó un análisis de conglomerados para identificar tipos funcionales y se evaluó la riqueza funcional de cada cultivo. Se encontraron 19 publicaciones de abejas asociadas a cultivos, con registros de 116 especies. El cultivo de palma presentó la mayor riqueza con 48 especies, seguido de papa (44) y café (41). Se identificaron 11 tipos funcionales, donde el más representativo fue el de abejas con corbícula, eusociales, que anidan en cualquier cavidad (ScEuCc). La riqueza funcional fue mayor en el café (3,33), seguido de papa (2,83) y gulupa (2,00). La alta diversidad de abejas en agroecosistemas parece estar relacionada con la cercanía de cada cultivo a fragmentos de bosque, de acuerdo a las publicaciones analizadas. Los agroecosistemas podrían ofrecer un recurso alternativo a las abejas al permitirles combatir la disminución de sus hábitats, por lo que sugerimos ampliar las investigaciones de los beneficios de los cultivos agrícolas sobre las abejas y viceversa.
Collapse
|
23
|
Becsi B, Formayer H, Brodschneider R. A biophysical approach to assess weather impacts on honey bee colony winter mortality. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210618. [PMID: 34631120 PMCID: PMC8483266 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is one of the most important insects kept by humans, but high colony losses are reported around the world. While the effects of general climatic conditions on colony winter mortality were already demonstrated, no study has investigated specific weather conditions linked to biophysical processes governing colony vitality. Here, we quantify the comparative relevance of four such processes that co-determine the colonies' fitness for wintering during the annual hive management cycle, using a 10-year dataset of winter colony mortality in Austria that includes 266 378 bee colonies. We formulate four process-based hypotheses for wintering success and operationalize them with weather indicators. The empirical data is used to fit simple and multiple linear regression models on different geographical scales. The results show that approximately 20% of winter mortality variability can be explained by the analysed weather conditions, and that it is most sensitive to the duration of extreme cold spells in mid and late winter. Our approach shows the potential of developing weather indicators based on biophysical processes and discusses the way forward for applying them in climate change studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Becsi
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Formayer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Brodschneider
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Division of Livestock Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Barascou L, Sene D, Barraud A, Michez D, Lefebvre V, Medrzycki P, Di Prisco G, Strobl V, Yañez O, Neumann P, Le Conte Y, Alaux C. Pollen nutrition fosters honeybee tolerance to pesticides. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:210818. [PMID: 34540259 PMCID: PMC8437229 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A reduction in floral resource abundance and diversity is generally observed in agro-ecosystems, along with widespread exposure to pesticides. Therefore, a better understanding on how the availability and quality of pollen diets can modulate honeybee sensitivity to pesticides is required. For that purpose, we evaluated the toxicity of acute exposure and chronic exposures to field realistic and higher concentrations of azoxystrobin (fungicide) and sulfoxaflor (insecticide) in honeybees provided with pollen diets of differing qualities (named S and BQ pollens). We found that pollen intake reduced the toxicity of the acute doses of pesticides. Contrary to azoxystrobin, chronic exposures to sulfoxaflor increased by 1.5- to 12-fold bee mortality, which was reduced by pollen intake. Most importantly, the risk of death upon exposure to a high concentration of sulfoxaflor was significantly lower for the S pollen diet when compared with the BQ pollen diet. This reduced pesticide toxicity was associated with a higher gene expression of vitellogenin, a glycoprotein that promotes bee longevity, a faster sulfoxaflor metabolization and a lower concentration of the phytochemical p-coumaric acid, known to upregulate detoxification enzymes. Thus, our study revealed that pollen quality can influence the ability of bees to metabolize pesticides and withstand their detrimental effects, providing another strong argument for the restoration of suitable foraging habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Sene
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Alexandre Barraud
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Victor Lefebvre
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Piotr Medrzycki
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gennaro Di Prisco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research-Council, Piazzale Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Orlando Yañez
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Cedric Alaux
- INRAE, Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jachuła J, Denisow B, Wrzesień M. Habitat heterogeneity helps to mitigate pollinator nectar sugar deficit and discontinuity in an agricultural landscape. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146909. [PMID: 33848857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The scarcity of floral resources and their seasonal discontinuity are considered as major factors for pollinator decline in intensified agricultural landscapes worldwide. The consequences are detrimental for the stability of the environment and ecosystems. Here, we quantified the production of nectar sugars in plant species occurring in man-made, non-cropped areas (non-forest woody vegetation, road verges, railway embankments, field margins, fallow areas) of an agricultural landscape in SE Poland. We also assessed changes in the availability of sugar resources both in space (habitat and landscape scales) and in time (throughout the flowering season), and checked to what extent the sugar demands of honeybees and bumblebees are met at the landscape scale. At landscape-level, 37.6% of the available sugar resources are produced in man-made, non-cropped habitats, while 32.6% and 15.0% of sugars derive from winter rape crops and forest vegetation, respectively. Nectar sugar supplies vary greatly between man-made, non-cropped habitat types/sub-types. These areas are characterized by a high richness of nectar-producing species. However, a predominant role in total sugar resources is ascribable to a few species. Strong fluctuations in nectar resources are recorded throughout the flowering season. March and June are periods with food shortages. Abundant nectar sugars are generally found in April-May, mainly due to the mass flowering of nectar-yielding species in the forests, meadows/pastures and orchards/rapeseed crops. Heterogeneity of man-made, non-cropped habitats is essential to support the supply of July-October nectar sugars for honeybees and bumblebees. Reduced flowering in man-made non-cropped habitats can generate serious food deficiencies, as from summer towards the end of the flowering season >90% of sugars are provided by the flora of these areas. Therefore, highly nectar-yielding plant species that flower during periods of expected food shortages should be a priority for conservation and restoration programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Jachuła
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Subdepartment of Plant Biology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Denisow
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Subdepartment of Plant Biology, University of Life Sciences, 15 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wrzesień
- Department of Botany, Mycology, and Ecology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van der Sluijs JP, Foucart S, Casas J. Editorial overview: Halting the pollinator crisis requires entomologists to step up and assume their societal responsibilities. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 46:vi-xiii. [PMID: 34593201 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen P van der Sluijs
- Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities, University of Bergen, PB 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, PB 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Stéphane Foucart
- Le Monde, 67-69, avenue Pierre-Mendès-France, 75013 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI), Université de Tours, 37200 Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu J, Renzone G, Arena S, Dani FR, Paulsen H, Knoll W, Cambillau C, Scaloni A, Pelosi P. The Odorant-Binding Proteins of the Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136828. [PMID: 34202019 PMCID: PMC8269058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spider mites are one of the major agricultural pests, feeding on a large variety of plants. As a contribution to understanding chemical communication in these arthropods, we have characterized a recently discovered class of odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in Tetranychus urticae. As in other species of Chelicerata, the four OBPs of T. urticae contain six conserved cysteines paired in a pattern (C1-C6, C2-C3, C4-C5) differing from that of insect counterparts (C1-C3, C2-C5, C4-C6). Proteomic analysis uncovered a second family of OBPs, including twelve members that are likely to be unique to T. urticae. A three-dimensional model of TurtOBP1, built on the recent X-ray structure of Varroa destructor OBP1, shows protein folding different from that of insect OBPs, although with some common features. Ligand-binding experiments indicated some affinity to coniferyl aldehyde, but specific ligands may still need to be found among very large molecules, as suggested by the size of the binding pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhu
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz Straße, 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (J.Z.); (W.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Napoli, Italy; (G.R.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Simona Arena
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Napoli, Italy; (G.R.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesca Romana Dani
- Department of Biology, University of Firenze, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
| | - Harald Paulsen
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz Straße, 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (J.Z.); (W.K.)
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Christian Cambillau
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (UMR 7257), CNRS and Aix-Marseille Université, CDEX 09, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, 80147 Napoli, Italy; (G.R.); (S.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Konrad-Lorenz Straße, 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (J.Z.); (W.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lecocq T, Toomey L. A workflow to design new directed domestication programs to move forward current and future insect production. Anim Front 2021; 11:69-77. [PMID: 34158991 PMCID: PMC8214433 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lecocq
- INRAE, URAFPA, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Lola Toomey
- INRAE, URAFPA, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gallichotte EN, Dobos KM, Ebel GD, Hagedorn M, Rasgon JL, Richardson JH, Stedman TT, Barfield JP. Towards a method for cryopreservation of mosquito vectors of human pathogens. Cryobiology 2021; 99:1-10. [PMID: 33556359 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for millions of human deaths every year, posing a massive burden on global public health. Mosquitoes transmit a variety of bacteria, parasites and viruses. Mosquito control efforts such as insecticide spraying can reduce mosquito populations, but they must be sustained in order to have long term impacts, can result in the evolution of insecticide resistance, are costly, and can have adverse human and environmental effects. Technological advances have allowed genetic manipulation of mosquitoes, including generation of those that are still susceptible to insecticides, which has greatly increased the number of mosquito strains and lines available to the scientific research community. This generates an associated challenge, because rearing and maintaining unique mosquito lines requires time, money and facilities, and long-term maintenance can lead to adaptation to specific laboratory conditions, resulting in mosquito lines that are distinct from their wild-type counterparts. Additionally, continuous rearing of transgenic lines can lead to loss of genetic markers, genes and/or phenotypes. Cryopreservation of valuable mosquito lines could help circumvent these limitations and allow researchers to reduce the cost of rearing multiple lines simultaneously, maintain low passage number transgenic mosquitoes, and bank lines not currently being used. Additionally, mosquito cryopreservation could allow researchers to access the same mosquito lines, limiting the impact of unique laboratory or field conditions. Successful cryopreservation of mosquitoes would expand the field of mosquito research and could ultimately lead to advances that would reduce the burden of mosquito-borne diseases, possibly through rear-and-release strategies to overcome mosquito insecticide resistance. Cryopreservation techniques have been developed for some insect groups, including but not limited to fruit flies, silkworms and other moth species, and honeybees. Recent advances within the cryopreservation field, along with success with other insects suggest that cryopreservation of mosquitoes may be a feasible method for preserving valuable scientific and public health resources. In this review, we will provide an overview of basic mosquito biology, the current state of and advances within insect cryopreservation, and a proposed approach toward cryopreservation of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Karen M Dobos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Mary Hagedorn
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Front Royal, VA, USA; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI, USA
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer P Barfield
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Osintseva L, Petukhov V, Zheltikov A, Marenkov V, Gart V. Organic beekeeping in Russia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213606022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In our research firstly we provide to generalized conceptual basis for the characteristics of organic beekeeping in Russia, second determine the impact of organic beekeeping on the productivity and the third quality of beekeeping products, to assess the possibility. To assess the problems associated with some of the main parameters, we conducted literature review and analysis of beekeeping products obtained in an apiary that implements the principles of organic beekeeping in the south of Western Siberia (Vengerovo village, Novosibirsk region). Article investigates theoretical and practical aspects of the orientation of apiaries to the production of organic products in the context for growing level of competition.
Collapse
|
31
|
Patel V, Pauli N, Biggs E, Barbour L, Boruff B. Why bees are critical for achieving sustainable development. AMBIO 2021; 50:49-59. [PMID: 32314266 PMCID: PMC7708548 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Reductions in global bee populations are threatening the pollination benefits to both the planet and people. Whilst the contribution of bee pollination in promoting sustainable development goals through food security and biodiversity is widely acknowledged, a range of other benefits provided by bees has yet to be fully recognised. We explore the contributions of bees towards achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our insights suggest that bees potentially contribute towards 15 of the 17 SDGs and a minimum of 30 SDG targets. We identify common themes in which bees play an essential role, and suggest that improved understanding of bee contributions to sustainable development is crucial for ensuring viable bee systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidushi Patel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products, 128, Yanchep Beach Rd, Yanchep, WA 6035 Australia
| | - Natasha Pauli
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Eloise Biggs
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Liz Barbour
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products, 128, Yanchep Beach Rd, Yanchep, WA 6035 Australia
| | - Bryan Boruff
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Honey Bee Products, 128, Yanchep Beach Rd, Yanchep, WA 6035 Australia
- Department of Geography and Planning, The University of Western Australia (M004), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Borghi M, Fernie AR. Outstanding questions in flower metabolism. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1275-1288. [PMID: 32410253 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The great diversity of flowers, their color, odor, taste, and shape, is mostly a result of the metabolic processes that occur in this reproductive organ when the flower and its tissues develop, grow, and finally die. Some of these metabolites serve to advertise flowers to animal pollinators, other confer protection towards abiotic stresses, and a large proportion of the molecules of the central metabolic pathways have bioenergetic and signaling functions that support growth and the transition to fruits and seeds. Although recent studies have advanced our general understanding of flower metabolism, several questions still await an answer. Here, we have compiled a list of open questions on flower metabolism encompassing molecular aspects, as well as topics of relevance for agriculture and the ecosystem. These questions include the study of flower metabolism through development, the biochemistry of nectar and its relevance to promoting plant-pollinator interaction, recycling of metabolic resources after flowers whiter and die, as well as the manipulation of flower metabolism by pathogens. We hope with this review to stimulate discussion on the topic of flower metabolism and set a reference point to return to in the future when assessing progress in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Borghi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Using Manual and Computer-Based Text-Mining to Uncover Research Trends for Apis mellifera. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7020061. [PMID: 32384687 PMCID: PMC7356030 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey bee research is believed to be influenced dramatically by colony collapse disorder (CCD) and the sequenced genome release in 2006, but this assertion has never been tested. By employing text-mining approaches, research trends were tested by analyzing over 14,000 publications during the period of 1957 to 2017. Quantitatively, the data revealed an exponential growth until 2010 when the number of articles published per year ceased following the trend. Analysis of author-assigned keywords revealed that changes in keywords occurred roughly every decade with the most fundamental change in 1991-1992, instead of 2006. This change might be due to several factors including the research intensification on the Varroa mite. The genome release and CCD had quantitively only minor effects, mainly on honey bee health-related topics post-2006. Further analysis revealed that computational topic modeling can provide potentially hidden information and connections between some topics that might be ignored in author-assigned keywords.
Collapse
|
34
|
Hall DM, Martins DJ. Human dimensions of insect pollinator conservation. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 38:107-114. [PMID: 32375115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect pollinators are becoming visible to societies. Many peer-reviewed papers evidence biophysical and ecological aspects of managed and non-managed insect pollinators. Evidence on stressors of declines yield peer-reviewed calls for action. Yet, insect pollinator declines are inherently a human issue, driven by a history of land-use trends, changes in technologies, and socio-cultural perceptions that unwittingly cause and perpetuate declines. Conservation requires integrating social and ecological understandings to reconfigure human behaviors across societies' sectors. We review recent literature on the social and cultural dimensions of insect pollinators. People now like bees. We discuss the social challenges and opportunities that accompany this newfound public enthusiasm. These include the generalization of honey bees as representative of bee diversity and pollinator conservation issues, the changing perceptions of pollinators, the paucity of policy research, and how any call to 'save the bees' must be a call to stabilize agriculture. We call for greater coordination among biological and socio-cultural researchers to advance insect pollinator conservation practices and policies fit for the Anthropocene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damon M Hall
- School of Natural Resources; Department of Biomedical, Biological & Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, USA.
| | - Dino J Martins
- Mpala Research Centre, Kenya; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sentis A, Desneux N. Editorial overview: Global change: integrating ecological and evolutionary consequences across time and space. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 35:iii-vi. [PMID: 31629476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Sentis
- National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre d'Aix-en-Provence, 3275 route Cézanne, 13182 Aix-en-Provence, France.
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France.
| |
Collapse
|