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Chatterjee J, Bandyopadhyay A, Pattabiraman M, Sarkar R. Discovery and development of tyrosine-click (Y-click) reaction for the site-selective labelling of proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38913168 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
With the versatile utility of bio-conjugated peptides and proteins in the fields of agriculture, food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, the design of smart protocols to conjugate and modulate biomolecules becomes highly desirable. During this process, the most important consideration for biochemists is the retention of configurational integrity of the biomolecules. Moreover, this type of bioconjugation of peptide and protein becomes frivolous if the reaction is not performed with precise amino acid residues. Hence, chemo-selective, as well as site-selective reactions, that are biocompatible and possess an appropriate level of reactivity are necessary. Based on click chemistry, there are so many tyrosine (Y) conjugation strategies, such as sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx), sulfur-triazole exchange (SuTEx), coupling with π-allyl palladium complexes, diazonium salts, diazodicarboxyamide-based reagents etc. Among these techniques, diazodicarboxyamide-based Y-conjugation, which is commonly known as the "tyrosine-click (Y-click) reaction", has met the expectations of synthetic and biochemists for the tyrosine-specific functionalization of biomolecules. Over the past one and a half decades, significant progress has been made in the classical organic synthesis approach, as well as its biochemical, photochemical, and electrochemical variants. Despite such progress and increasing importance, the Y-click reaction has not been reviewed to document variations in its methodology, applications, and broad utility. The present article aims to provide a summary of the approaches for the modulation of biomolecules at the hotspot of tyrosine residue by employing the Y-click reaction. The article also highlights its application for the mapping of proteins, imaging of living cells, and in the fields of analytical and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayan Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Chapra Government College, Nadia-741123, West Bengal, India
- Department of Higher Education, Government of West Bengal, India.
| | | | - Rajib Sarkar
- Department of Higher Education, Government of West Bengal, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Muragachha Government College, Nadia-741154, West Bengal, India
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2
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Travassos R, Martins SA, Fernandes A, Correia JDG, Melo R. Tailored Viral-like Particles as Drivers of Medical Breakthroughs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6699. [PMID: 38928403 PMCID: PMC11204272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized potential of nanoparticles, only a few formulations have progressed to clinical trials, and an even smaller number have been approved by the regulatory authorities and marketed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional nanoparticles due to their safety, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, structural stability, scalability, and versatility. Furthermore, VLPs can be surface-functionalized with small molecules to improve circulation half-life and target specificity. Through the functionalization and coating of VLPs, it is possible to optimize the response properties to a given stimulus, such as heat, pH, an alternating magnetic field, or even enzymes. Surface functionalization can also modulate other properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, and specificity, deeming VLPs as potential vaccine candidates or delivery systems. This review aims to address the different types of surface functionalization of VLPs, highlighting the more recent cutting-edge technologies that have been explored for the design of tailored VLPs, their importance, and their consequent applicability in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Travassos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Sofia A. Martins
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Ana Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Rita Melo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
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3
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Pandey KK, Sahoo BR, Pattnaik AK. Protein Nanoparticles as Vaccine Platforms for Human and Zoonotic Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:936. [PMID: 38932228 PMCID: PMC11209504 DOI: 10.3390/v16060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most effective medical interventions, playing a pivotal role in treating infectious diseases. Although traditional vaccines comprise killed, inactivated, or live-attenuated pathogens that have resulted in protective immune responses, the negative consequences of their administration have been well appreciated. Modern vaccines have evolved to contain purified antigenic subunits, epitopes, or antigen-encoding mRNAs, rendering them relatively safe. However, reduced humoral and cellular responses pose major challenges to these subunit vaccines. Protein nanoparticle (PNP)-based vaccines have garnered substantial interest in recent years for their ability to present a repetitive array of antigens for improving immunogenicity and enhancing protective responses. Discovery and characterisation of naturally occurring PNPs from various living organisms such as bacteria, archaea, viruses, insects, and eukaryotes, as well as computationally designed structures and approaches to link antigens to the PNPs, have paved the way for unprecedented advances in the field of vaccine technology. In this review, we focus on some of the widely used naturally occurring and optimally designed PNPs for their suitability as promising vaccine platforms for displaying native-like antigens from human viral pathogens for protective immune responses. Such platforms hold great promise in combating emerging and re-emerging infectious viral diseases and enhancing vaccine efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush K. Pandey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; (K.K.P.); (B.R.S.)
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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4
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Xue Q, Swevers L, Taning CNT. Drosophila X virus-like particles as delivery carriers for improved oral insecticidal efficacy of scorpion Androctonus australis peptide against the invasive fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:847-858. [PMID: 37681406 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect-specific neurotoxic peptides derived from the venoms of scorpions and spiders can cause acute paralysis and death when injected into insects, offering a promising insecticidal component for insect pest control. However, effective delivery systems are required to help neurotoxic peptides pass through the gut barrier into the hemolymph, where they can act. Here, we investigated the potential of a novel nanocarrier, Drosophila X virus-like particle (DXV-VLP), for delivering a neurotoxin from the scorpion Androctonus australis Hector (AaIT) against the invasive pest fruit fly, Drosophila suzukii. Our results show that the fusion proteins of DXV polyproteins with AaIT peptide at their C-termini could be sufficiently produced in Lepidoptera Hi5 cells in a soluble form using the recombinant baculovirus expression system, and could self-assemble into VLPs with similar particle morphology and size to authentic DXV virions. In addition, the AaIT peptides displayed on DXV-VLPs retained their toxicity, as demonstrated in injection bioassays that resulted in severe mortality (72%) in adults after 72 h. When fed to adults, mild mortality was observed in the group treated with DXV-AaIT (38%), while no mortality occurred in the group treated with AaIT peptide, thus indicating the significant role of DXV-VLPs in delivering AaIT peptides. Overall, this proof-of-concept study demonstrates for the first time that VLPs can be exploited to enhance oral delivery of insect-specific neurotoxic peptides in the context of pest control. Moreover, it provides insights for further improvements and potentially the development of neurotoxin-based bioinsecticides and/or transgenic crops for insect pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Yao G, Min H, Yu X, Liu F, Cui L, Cao Y. A nanoparticle vaccine displaying the ookinete PSOP25 antigen elicits transmission-blocking antibody response against Plasmodium berghei. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:403. [PMID: 37932796 PMCID: PMC10626823 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe and effective vaccines are crucial for the control and eventual elimination of malaria. Novel approaches to optimize and improve vaccine efficacy are urgently required. Nanoparticle-based delivery platforms are considered potent and powerful tools for vaccine development. METHODS In this study, we developed a transmission-blocking vaccine against malaria by conjugating the ookinete surface antigen PSOP25 to the Acinetobacter phage coat protein AP205, forming virus-like particles (VLPs) using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher adaptor system. The combination of AP205-2*SpyTag with PSOP25-SpyCatcher resulted in the formation of AP205-PSOP25 complexes (VLP-PSOP25). The antibody titers and avidity of serum from each immunization group were assessed by ELISA. Western blot and IFA were performed to confirm the specific reactivity of the elicit antisera to the native PSOP25 in Plasmodium berghei ookinetes. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to evaluate the transmission-blocking activity of VLP-PSOP25 vaccine. RESULTS Immunization of mice with VLP-PSOP25 could induced higher levels of high-affinity antibodies than the recombinant PSOP25 (rPSOP25) alone or mixtures of untagged AP205 and rPSOP25 but was comparable to rPSOP25 formulated with alum. Additionally, the VLP-PSOP25 vaccine enhanced Th1-type immune response with remarkably increased levels of IgG2a subclass. The antiserum generated by VLP-PSOP25 specifically recognizes the native PSOP25 antigen in P. berghei ookinetes. Importantly, antisera generated by inoculation with the VLP-PSOP25 could inhibit ookinete development in vitro and reduce the prevalence of infected mosquitoes or oocyst intensity in direct mosquito feeding assays. CONCLUSIONS Antisera elicited by immunization with the VLP-PSOP25 vaccine confer moderate transmission-reducing activity and transmission-blocking activity. Our results support the utilization of the AP205-SpyTag/SpyCatcher platform for next-generation TBVs development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Yao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Min
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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6
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Xue Q, Swevers L, Taning CNT. Plant and insect virus-like particles: emerging nanoparticles for agricultural pest management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2975-2991. [PMID: 37103223 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a biodegradable, biocompatible nanomaterial made from viral coat proteins that can improve the delivery of antigens, drugs, nucleic acids, and other substances, with most applications in human and veterinary medicine. Regarding agricultural viruses, many insect and plant virus coat proteins have been shown to assemble into VLPs accurately. In addition, some plant virus-based VLPs have been used in medical studies. However, to our knowledge, the potential application of plant/insect virus-based VLPs in agriculture remains largely underexplored. This review focuses on why and how to engineer coat proteins of plant/insect viruses as functionalized VLPs, and how to exploit VLPs in agricultural pest control. The first part of the review describes four different engineering strategies for loading cargo at the inner or the outer surface of VLPs depending on the type of cargo and purpose. Second, the literature on plant and insect viruses the coat proteins of which have been confirmed to self-assemble into VLPs is reviewed. These VLPs are good candidates for developing VLP-based agricultural pest control strategies. Lastly, the concepts of plant/insect virus-based VLPs for delivering insecticidal and antiviral components (e.g., double-stranded RNA, peptides, and chemicals) are discussed, which provides future prospects of VLP application in agricultural pest control. In addition, some concerns are raised about VLP production on a large scale and the short-term resistance of hosts to VLP uptake. Overall, this review is expected to stimulate interest and research exploring plant/insect virus-based VLP applications in agricultural pest management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Depienne S, Bouzelha M, Courtois E, Pavageau K, Lalys PA, Marchand M, Alvarez-Dorta D, Nedellec S, Marín-Fernández L, Grandjean C, Boujtita M, Deniaud D, Mével M, Gouin SG. Click-electrochemistry for the rapid labeling of virus, bacteria and cell surfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5122. [PMID: 37612288 PMCID: PMC10447534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods for direct covalent ligation of microorganism surfaces remain poorly reported, and mostly based on metabolic engineering for bacteria and cells functionalization. While effective, a faster method avoiding the bio-incorporation step would be highly complementary. Here, we used N-methylluminol (NML), a fully tyrosine-selective protein anchoring group after one-electron oxidation, to label the surface of viruses, living bacteria and cells. The functionalization was performed electrochemically and in situ by applying an electric potential to aqueous buffered solutions of tagged NML containing the viruses, bacteria or cells. The broad applicability of the click-electrochemistry method was explored on recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV2), Escherichia coli (Gram-) and Staphyloccocus epidermidis (Gram + ) bacterial strains, and HEK293 and HeLa eukaryotic cell lines. Surface electro-conjugation was achieved in minutes to yield functionalized rAAV2 that conserved both structural integrity and infectivity properties, and living bacteria and cell lines that were still alive and able to divide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Bouzelha
- Nantes Université, TaRGeT, Translational Research for Gene Therapies, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1089, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Karine Pavageau
- Nantes Université, TaRGeT, Translational Research for Gene Therapies, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1089, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Maia Marchand
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Dimitri Alvarez-Dorta
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Capacités, 16 rue des marchandises, 44200, Nantes, France
| | - Steven Nedellec
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, BioCore, US16, SFR Bonamy, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | - David Deniaud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Mathieu Mével
- Nantes Université, TaRGeT, Translational Research for Gene Therapies, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1089, F-44000, Nantes, France.
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8
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Sheng Y, Li Z, Lin X, Ma Y, Ren Y, Su Z, Ma G, Zhang S. The position of Spy Tag/Catcher system in hepatitis B core protein particles affects the immunogenicity and stability of the synthetic vaccine. Vaccine 2023:S0264-410X(23)00759-4. [PMID: 37391312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Presenting exogenous antigens on virus-like particles (VLPs) through "plug-and-display" decoration strategies based on SpyTag/SpyCatcher isopeptide bonding have emerged as attractive technology for vaccine synthesis. However, whether the position of ligation site in VLPs will impose effects on immunogenicity and physiochemical properties of the synthetic vaccine remains rarely investigated. Here in the present work, the well-established hepatitis B core (HBc) protein was used as chassis to construct dual-antigen influenza nanovaccines, with the conserved epitope peptides derived from extracellular domain of matrix protein M2 (M2e) and hemagglutinin (HA) as target antigens. The M2e antigen was genetically fused to the HBc in the MIR region, together with the SpyTag peptide, which was fused either in the MIR region or at the N-terminal of the protein, so that a recombinant HA antigen (rHA) linked to SpyCatcher can be displayed on it, at two different localizations. Both synthetic nanovaccines showed ability in inducing strong M2e and rHA-specific antibodies and cellular immunogenicity; nevertheless, the one in which rHA was conjugated by N-terminal Tag ligation, was superior to another one synthesized by linking the rHA to MIR region SpyTagged-HBc in all aspects, including higher antigen-specific immunogenicity responses, lower anti-HBc carrier antibody, as well as better dispersion stability. Surface charge and hydrophobicity properties of the two synthetic nanovaccines were analyzed, results revealed that linking the rHA to MIR region SpyTagged-HBc lead to more significant and disadvantageous alteration in physiochemical properties of the HBc chassis. This study will expand our knowledge on "plug-and-display" decoration strategies and provide helpful guidance for the rational design of HBc-VLPs based modular vaccines by using SpyTag/Catcher synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Songping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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9
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Holz E, Darwish M, Tesar DB, Shatz-Binder W. A Review of Protein- and Peptide-Based Chemical Conjugates: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020600. [PMID: 36839922 PMCID: PMC9959917 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the complexity of molecular entities being advanced for therapeutic purposes has continued to evolve. A main propellent fueling innovation is the perpetual mandate within the pharmaceutical industry to meet the needs of novel disease areas and/or delivery challenges. As new mechanisms of action are uncovered, and as our understanding of existing mechanisms grows, the properties that are required and/or leveraged to enable therapeutic development continue to expand. One rapidly evolving area of interest is that of chemically enhanced peptide and protein therapeutics. While a variety of conjugate molecules such as antibody-drug conjugates, peptide/protein-PEG conjugates, and protein conjugate vaccines are already well established, others, such as antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates and peptide/protein conjugates using non-PEG polymers, are newer to clinical development. This review will evaluate the current development landscape of protein-based chemical conjugates with special attention to considerations such as modulation of pharmacokinetics, safety/tolerability, and entry into difficult to access targets, as well as bioavailability. Furthermore, for the purpose of this review, the types of molecules discussed are divided into two categories: (1) therapeutics that are enhanced by protein or peptide bioconjugation, and (2) protein and peptide therapeutics that require chemical modifications. Overall, the breadth of novel peptide- or protein-based therapeutics moving through the pipeline each year supports a path forward for the pursuit of even more complex therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Holz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Martine Darwish
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Devin B. Tesar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Whitney Shatz-Binder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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De S, Nguyen HM, Liljeström V, Mäkinen K, Kostiainen MA, Vapaavuori J. Potato virus A particles - A versatile material for self-assembled nanopatterned surfaces. Virology 2023; 578:103-110. [PMID: 36493505 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Potato virus A (PVA) is a plant-infecting RNA virus that produces flexible particles with a high aspect ratio. PVA has been investigated extensively for its infection biology, however, its potential to serve as a nanopatterning platform remains unexplored. Here, we study the liquid crystal and interfacial self-assembly behavior of PVA particles. Furthermore, we generate nanopatterned surfaces using self-assembled PVA particles through three different coating techniques: drop-casting, drop-top deposition and flow-coating. The liquid crystal phase of PVA solution visualized by polarized optical microscopy revealed a chiral nematic phase in water, while in pH 8 buffer it produced a nematic phase. This allowed us to produce thin films with either randomly or anisotropically oriented cylindrical nanopatterns using drop-top and flow-coating methods. Overall, this study explores the self-assembly process of PVA in different conditions, establishing a starting point for PVA self-assembly research and contributing a virus-assisted fabrication technique for nanopatterned surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalok De
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hoang M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Nanomicroscopy Center, OtaNano, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kristiina Mäkinen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, 00076, Espoo, Finland.
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11
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Lambidis E, Chen CC, Lumen D, Sánchez AIF, Sarparanta M, Cheng RH, Airaksinen AJ. Biological evaluation of integrin α 3β 1-targeted 68Ga-labeled HEVNPs in HCT 116 colorectal tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106336. [PMID: 36403717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors involved in multiple functions vital for cellular proliferation. Various tumor cells overexpress αβ-integrins, making them ideal biomarkers for diagnostic imaging and tumor-targeted drug delivery. LXY30 is a peptide that can specifically recognize and interact with the integrin α3β1, a molecule overexpressed in breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer. Hepatitis E virus nanoparticles (HEVNPs) are virus-like particles that have been investigated as drug delivery agents for the targeted delivery of nucleic acids and small proteins. HEVNPs can be a theranostic platform for monitoring and evaluating tumor-targeted therapies if tagged with a suitable diagnostic marker. Herein, we describe the radiolabeling and biological evaluation of integrin α3β1-targeted HEVNPs. HEVNPs were conjugated with DOTA and radiolabeled with gallium-68 (t1/2 = 67.7 min), a short-lived positron emitter used in positron emission tomography (PET). The synthesized [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNPs were used to evaluate the efficacy of conjugated LXY30 peptide to improve HEVNPs binding and internalization to integrin α3β1 expressing human colorectal HCT 116 cells. In vivo tumor accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNP-LXY30 was evaluated in HCT 116 colorectal tumor-bearing mice. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNP-LXY30 and non-targeted [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNP were radiolabeled with radiochemical yields (RCY) of 67.9 ± 3.3% and 73.7 ± 9.8%, respectively. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNP-LXY30 exhibited significantly higher internalization in HCT 116 cells than the non-targeted [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNPs (21.0 ± 0.7% vs. 10.5 ± 0.3% at 3 h, ****P<0.0001). After intravenous administration to mice, accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNP-LXY30 to HCT 116 xenograft tumors was at its highest rate of 0.8 ± 0.4%ID/g at 60 min. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNP-LXY30 accumulated mainly in the liver and spleen (39.8 ± 13.0%%ID/g and 24.6 ± 24.1%ID/g, respectively). Despite the low targeting efficiency in vivo, we demonstrated that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-HEVNP is a promising diagnostic platform for quantitative analysis of HEVNP distribution in vivo. This nanosystem can be utilized in future studies assessing the success of further engineered HEVNP structures with optimized targeting efficiency in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Lambidis
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Chun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Dave Lumen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | | | - Mirkka Sarparanta
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A..
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Chemistry, Radiochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
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12
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Yang JI, Kim KH. Display of Streptococcus iniae α-Enolase on the Surface of Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) of Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Using SpyTag/SpyCatcher. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:1066-1072. [PMID: 36171522 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines are promising candidates for overcoming the safety problems of live vaccines and weak immunogenicity of subunit vaccines. VLPs can be used as a platform for the development of combined vaccines by expressing foreign antigens, and foreign antigens can be displayed on the surface of VLPs by conjugation. In the present study, to use nervous necrosis virus (NNV) VLPs as a delivery tool for Streptococcus iniae α-enolase by displaying on the VLP's surface, the split-intein (SpyTag/SpyCatcher) conjugation system was used. NNV capsid protein fused to SpyTag (Capsid-SpyTag) and S. iniae α-enolase fused to SpyCatcher (α-enolase-SpyCatcher) were recombinantly produced, then mixed in various ratios. A ratio of Capsid-SpyTag to α-enolase-SpyCatcher of 1 to 1.5 showed the highest coupling efficiency corresponding to 83-92% of coupled capsid protein dimer and 32-52% of coupled capsid protein monomer. In TEM observation, VLP of Capsid-SpyTag had a regular shape and size of about 40 nm, while VLP fused with α-enolase-SpyCatcher showed an irregular shape and size of about 40-50 nm in diameter. In preliminary immunization experiments, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) immunized with VLP fused with α-enolase-SpyCatcher showed the lowest cumulative mortality against S. iniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong In Yang
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea.
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13
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Assembly of Protein Cages for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122609. [PMID: 36559102 PMCID: PMC9785872 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used as target delivery vehicles for therapeutic goods; however, compared with inorganic and organic nanomaterials, protein nanomaterials have better biocompatibility and can self-assemble into highly ordered cage-like structures, which are more favorable for applications in targeted drug delivery. In this review, we concentrate on the typical protein cage nanoparticles drugs encapsulation processes, such as drug fusion expression, diffusion, electrostatic contact, covalent binding, and protein cage disassembly/recombination. The usage of protein cage nanoparticles in biomedicine is also briefly discussed. These materials can be utilized to transport small molecules, peptides, siRNA, and other medications for anti-tumor, contrast, etc.
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14
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Levasseur MD, Hofmann R, Edwardson TGW, Hehn S, Thanaburakorn M, Bode JW, Hilvert D. Post-Assembly Modification of Protein Cages by Ubc9-Mediated Lysine Acylation. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200332. [PMID: 35951442 PMCID: PMC9826087 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although viruses have been successfully repurposed as vaccines, antibiotics, and anticancer therapeutics, they also raise concerns regarding genome integration and immunogenicity. Virus-like particles and non-viral protein cages represent a potentially safer alternative but often lack desired functionality. Here, we investigated the utility of a new enzymatic bioconjugation method, called lysine acylation using conjugating enzymes (LACE), to chemoenzymatically modify protein cages. We equipped two structurally distinct protein capsules with a LACE-reactive peptide tag and demonstrated their modification with diverse ligands. This modular approach combines the advantages of chemical conjugation and genetic fusion and allows for site-specific modification with recombinant proteins as well as synthetic peptides with facile control of the extent of labeling. This strategy has the potential to fine-tune protein containers of different shape and size by providing them with new properties that go beyond their biologically native functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikail D. Levasseur
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Raphael Hofmann
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Thomas G. W. Edwardson
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Svenja Hehn
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Jeffrey W. Bode
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryETH ZürichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 1–5/108093ZurichSwitzerland
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15
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Martins SA, Santos J, Silva RDM, Rosa C, Cabo Verde S, Correia JDG, Melo R. How promising are HIV-1-based virus-like particles for medical applications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:997875. [PMID: 36275021 PMCID: PMC9585283 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.997875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
New approaches aimed at identifying patient-specific drug targets and addressing unmet clinical needs in the framework of precision medicine are a strong motivation for researchers worldwide. As scientists learn more about proteins that drive known diseases, they are better able to design promising therapeutic approaches to target those proteins. The field of nanotechnology has been extensively explored in the past years, and nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising systems for target-specific delivery of drugs. Virus-like particles (VLPs) arise as auspicious NPs due to their intrinsic properties. The lack of viral genetic material and the inability to replicate, together with tropism conservation and antigenicity characteristic of the native virus prompted extensive interest in their use as vaccines or as delivery systems for therapeutic and/or imaging agents. Owing to its simplicity and non-complex structure, one of the viruses currently under study for the construction of VLPs is the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Typically, HIV-1-based VLPs are used for antibody discovery, vaccines, diagnostic reagent development and protein-based assays. This review will be centered on the use of HIV-1-based VLPs and their potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia A. Martins
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben D. M. Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Rosa
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cabo Verde
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João D. G. Correia, ; Rita Melo,
| | - Rita Melo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- *Correspondence: João D. G. Correia, ; Rita Melo,
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16
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de Pinho Favaro MT, Atienza-Garriga J, Martínez-Torró C, Parladé E, Vázquez E, Corchero JL, Ferrer-Miralles N, Villaverde A. Recombinant vaccines in 2022: a perspective from the cell factory. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:203. [PMID: 36199085 PMCID: PMC9532831 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The last big outbreaks of Ebola fever in Africa, the thousands of avian influenza outbreaks across Europe, Asia, North America and Africa, the emergence of monkeypox virus in Europe and specially the COVID-19 pandemics have globally stressed the need for efficient, cost-effective vaccines against infectious diseases. Ideally, they should be based on transversal technologies of wide applicability. In this context, and pushed by the above-mentioned epidemiological needs, new and highly sophisticated DNA-or RNA-based vaccination strategies have been recently developed and applied at large-scale. Being very promising and effective, they still need to be assessed regarding the level of conferred long-term protection. Despite these fast-developing approaches, subunit vaccines, based on recombinant proteins obtained by conventional genetic engineering, still show a wide spectrum of interesting potentialities and an important margin for further development. In the 80’s, the first vaccination attempts with recombinant vaccines consisted in single structural proteins from viral pathogens, administered as soluble plain versions. In contrast, more complex formulations of recombinant antigens with particular geometries are progressively generated and explored in an attempt to mimic the multifaceted set of stimuli offered to the immune system by replicating pathogens. The diversity of recombinant antimicrobial vaccines and vaccine prototypes is revised here considering the cell factory types, through relevant examples of prototypes under development as well as already approved products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Teixeira de Pinho Favaro
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Atienza-Garriga
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Martínez-Torró
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eloi Parladé
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Luis Corchero
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Neus Ferrer-Miralles
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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González-Gamboa I, Caparco AA, McCaskill JM, Steinmetz NF. Bioconjugation Strategies for Tobacco Mild Green Mosaic Virus. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200323. [PMID: 35835718 PMCID: PMC9624232 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) is a plant virus closely related to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), sharing many of its structural and chemical features. These rod-shaped viruses, comprised of 2130 identical coat protein subunits, have been utilized as nanotechnological platforms for a myriad of applications, ranging from drug delivery to precision agriculture. This versatility for functionalization is due to their chemically active external and internal surfaces. While both viruses are similar, they do exhibit some key differences in their surface chemistry, suggesting the reactive residue distribution on TMGMV should not overlap with TMV. In this work, we focused on the establishment and refinement of chemical bioconjugation strategies to load molecules into or onto TMGMV for targeted delivery. A combination of NHS, EDC, and diazo coupling reactions in combination with click chemistry were used to modify the N-terminus, glutamic/aspartic acid residues, and tyrosines in TMGMV. We report loading with over 600 moieties per TMGMV via diazo-coupling, which is a >3-fold increase compared to previous studies. We also report that cargo can be loaded to the solvent-exposed N-terminus and carboxylates on the exterior/interior surfaces. Mass spectrometry revealed the most reactive sites to be Y12 and Y72, both tyrosine side chains are located on the exterior surface. For the carboxylates, interior E106 (66.53 %) was the most reactive for EDC-propargylamine coupled reactions, with the exterior E145 accounting for >15 % reactivity, overturning previous assumptions that only interior glutamic acid residues are accessible. A deeper understanding of the chemical properties of TMGMV further enables its functionalization and use as a multifunctional nanocarrier platform for applications in medicine and precision farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne González-Gamboa
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Adam A Caparco
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin M McCaskill
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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18
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Ximba P, Chapman R, Meyers A, Margolin E, van Diepen MT, Sander AF, Woodward J, Moore PL, Williamson AL, Rybicki EP. Development of a synthetic nanoparticle vaccine presenting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:485102. [PMID: 35882111 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac842c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-component self-assembling virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising scaffolds for achieving high-density display of HIV-1 envelope (gp140) trimers, which can improve the induction of neutralising antibodies (NAbs). In this study gp140 was displayed on the surface of VLPs formed by the AP205 phage coat protein. The CAP256 SU gp140 antigen was selected as the patient who this virus was isolated from developed broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) shortly after superinfection with this virus. The CAP256 SU envelope is also sensitive to several bNAbs and has shown enhanced reactivity for certain bNAb precursors. A fusion protein comprising the HIV-1 CAP256 SU gp140 and the SpyTag (ST) (gp140-ST) was produced in HEK293 cells, and trimers were purified to homogeneity using gel filtration. SpyCatcher (SC)-AP205 VLPs were produced inEscherichia coliand purified by ultracentrifugation. The gp140-ST trimers and the SC-AP205 VLPs were mixed in varying molar ratios to generate VLPs displaying the glycoprotein (AP205-gp140-ST particles). Dynamic light scattering, negative stain electron microscopy and 2D classification indicated that gp140-ST was successfully bound to the VLPs, although not all potential binding sites were occupied. The immunogenicity of the coupled VLPs was evaluated in a pilot study in rabbits. One group was injected four times with coupled VLPs, and the second group was primed with DNA vaccines expressing Env and a mosaic Gag, followed by modified vaccinia Ankara expressing the same antigens. The animals were then boosted twice with coupled VLPs. Encouragingly, gp140-ST displayed on SC-AP205 VLPs was an effective boost to heterologously primed rabbits, leading to induction of autologous Tier 2 neutralising antibodies in 2/5 rabbits. However, four inoculations of coupled VLPs alone failed to elicit any Tier 2 antibodies. These results demonstrate that the native-like structure of HIV-1 envelope trimers and selection of a geometrically-suitable nanoparticle scaffold to achieve a high-density display of the trimers are important considerations that could improve the effect of nanoparticle-displayed gp140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phindile Ximba
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosamund Chapman
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ann Meyers
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Margolin
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michiel T van Diepen
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam F Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeremy Woodward
- Structural Biology Research Unit, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Penny L Moore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward P Rybicki
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Virus-like Particles: Fundamentals and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158579. [PMID: 35955711 PMCID: PMC9369363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving field focused on fabricating nanoscale objects for industrial, cosmetic, and therapeutic applications. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled nanoparticles whose intrinsic properties, such as heterogeneity, and highly ordered structural organization are exploited to prepare vaccines; imaging agents; construct nanobioreactors; cancer treatment approaches; or deliver drugs, genes, and enzymes. However, depending upon the intrinsic features of the native virus from which they are produced, the therapeutic performance of VLPs can vary. This review compiles the recent scientific literature about the fundamentals of VLPs with biomedical applications. We consulted different databases to present a general scenario about viruses and how VLPs are produced in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell lines to entrap therapeutic cargo. Moreover, the structural classification, morphology, and methods to functionalize the surface of VLPs are discussed. Finally, different characterization techniques required to examine the size, charge, aggregation, and composition of VLPs are described.
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20
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Ren F, Yan J, Kontogiannatos D, Wang X, Li J, Swevers L, Sun J. Characterization of virus-like particles assembled by co-expression of BmCPV capsid shell protein and large protrusion protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1656-1664. [PMID: 35460752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (BmCPV) is a typical single-layer capsid dsRNA virus belonging to the Reoviridae family of the Cypovirus genus. Previous studies have shown that the BmCPV major capsid shell protein (CSP) has the ability to self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs), and cryo-electron microscopy of the BmCPV virions has revealed a tight mutual binding region between CSP and another capsid protein known as the Large Protrusion Protein (LPP), which further stabilizes the capsid shell. In this study, the multi-gene baculovirus expression system, Ac-MultiBac, was used to produce both solely CSP-based and CSP-LPP co-assembled VLPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that addition of LPP did not affect the assembly of VLPs resulting in almost identical structure in both cases. However, ex vivo administration of VLPs to silkworm midgut tissue showed that CSP-based VLPs did not induce a significant transcriptional response in the innate immunity and RNAi gene cascades, compared to the co-assembled CSP-LPP based VLPs and the natural BmCPV virions isolated from polyhedra. The experimental results indicate that CSP and LPP attach tightly ("Plug and Display" model with CSP acting as "catcher" and LPP as "tag") to form VLPs that have a structure similar to that of the native CPV virions. Moreover, our results showed that the formation of VLPs with the two BmCPV capsid proteins is feasible, which can form the basis for the production of BmCPV-based VLPs as a new type of biological material to display exogenous proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiming Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Dimitrios Kontogiannatos
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15341, Greece
| | - Xiong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Athens 15341, Greece.
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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21
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Edwardson TGW, Levasseur MD, Tetter S, Steinauer A, Hori M, Hilvert D. Protein Cages: From Fundamentals to Advanced Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9145-9197. [PMID: 35394752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteins that self-assemble into polyhedral shell-like structures are useful molecular containers both in nature and in the laboratory. Here we review efforts to repurpose diverse protein cages, including viral capsids, ferritins, bacterial microcompartments, and designed capsules, as vaccines, drug delivery vehicles, targeted imaging agents, nanoreactors, templates for controlled materials synthesis, building blocks for higher-order architectures, and more. A deep understanding of the principles underlying the construction, function, and evolution of natural systems has been key to tailoring selective cargo encapsulation and interactions with both biological systems and synthetic materials through protein engineering and directed evolution. The ability to adapt and design increasingly sophisticated capsid structures and functions stands to benefit the fields of catalysis, materials science, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Tetter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Steinauer
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mao Hori
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Donald Hilvert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Li X, Pan C, Sun P, Peng Z, Feng E, Wu J, Wang H, Zhu L. Orthogonal modular biosynthesis of nanoscale conjugate vaccines for vaccination against infection. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:1645-1653. [PMID: 34405037 PMCID: PMC8359766 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Conjugate vaccines represent one of the most effective means for controlling the occurrence of bacterial diseases. Although nanotechnology has been greatly applied in the field of vaccines, it is seldom used for conjugate vaccine research because it is very difficult to connect polysaccharides and nanocarriers. In this work, an orthogonal and modular biosynthesis method was used to produce nanoconjugate vaccines using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system. When SpyTag/SpyCatcher system is combined with protein glycosylation technology, bacterial O-polysaccharide obtained from Shigela flexneri 2a can be conjugated onto the surfaces of different virus-like particles (VLPs) in a biocompatible and controlled manner. After confirming the excellent lymph node targeting and humoral immune activation abilities, these nanoconjugate vaccines further induced efficient prophylactic effects against infection in a mouse model. These results demonstrated that natural polysaccharide antigens can be easily connected to VLPs to prepare highly efficient nanoconjugate vaccines. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, this is the first time VLP-based nanoconjugate vaccines are produced efficiently, and this strategy could be applied to develop various pathogenic nanoconjugate vaccines. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (Figs. S1-S9) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-021-3713-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Zhehui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Erling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Hengliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 100071 China
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23
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Sa-nguanmoo N, Namdee K, Khongkow M, Ruktanonchai U, Zhao Y, Liang XJ. Review: Development of SARS-CoV-2 immuno-enhanced COVID-19 vaccines with nano-platform. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 15:2196-2225. [PMID: 34659650 PMCID: PMC8501370 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-021-3832-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Vaccine development approaches consist of viral vector vaccines, DNA vaccine, RNA vaccine, live attenuated virus, and recombinant proteins, which elicit a specific immune response. The use of nanoparticles displaying antigen is one of the alternative approaches to conventional vaccines. This is due to the fact that nano-based vaccines are stable, able to target, form images, and offer an opportunity to enhance the immune responses. The diameters of ultrafine nanoparticles are in the range of 1-100 nm. The application of nanotechnology on vaccine design provides precise fabrication of nanomaterials with desirable properties and ability to eliminate undesirable features. To be successful, nanomaterials must be uptaken into the cell, especially into the target and able to modulate cellular functions at the subcellular levels. The advantages of nano-based vaccines are the ability to protect a cargo such as RNA, DNA, protein, or synthesis substance and have enhanced stability in a broad range of pH, ambient temperatures, and humidity for long-term storage. Moreover, nano-based vaccines can be engineered to overcome biological barriers such as nonspecific distribution in order to elicit functions in antigen presenting cells. In this review, we will summarize on the developing COVID-19 vaccine strategies and how the nanotechnology can enhance antigen presentation and strong immunogenicity using advanced technology in nanocarrier to deliver antigens. The discussion about their safe, effective, and affordable vaccines to immunize against COVID-19 will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawamin Sa-nguanmoo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Katawut Namdee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand
| | - YongXiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumour Theranostics and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021 China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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24
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Sukeník L, Mukhamedova L, Procházková M, Škubník K, Plevka P, Vácha R. Cargo Release from Nonenveloped Viruses and Virus-like Nanoparticles: Capsid Rupture or Pore Formation. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19233-19243. [PMID: 34881874 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like nanoparticles are protein shells similar to wild-type viruses, and both aim to deliver their content into a cell. Unfortunately, the release mechanism of their cargo/genome remains elusive. Pores on the symmetry axes were proposed to enable the slow release of the viral genome. In contrast, cryo-EM images showed that capsids of nonenveloped RNA viruses can crack open and rapidly release the genome. We combined in vitro cryo-EM observations of the genome release of three viruses with coarse-grained simulations of generic virus-like nanoparticles to investigate the cargo/genome release pathways. Simulations provided details on both slow and rapid release pathways, including the success rates of individual releases. Moreover, the simulated structures from the rapid release pathway were in agreement with the experiment. Slow release occurred when interactions between capsid subunits were long-ranged, and the cargo/genome was noncompact. In contrast, rapid release was preferred when the interaction range was short and/or the cargo/genome was compact. These findings indicate a design strategy of virus-like nanoparticles for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Sukeník
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liya Mukhamedova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Procházková
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Škubník
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Plevka
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Vácha
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Szyszka TN, Jenner EN, Tasneem N, Lau YH. Molecular Display on Protein Nanocompartments: Design Strategies and Systems Applications. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N. Szyszka
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Eric N. Jenner
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Nuren Tasneem
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Yu Heng Lau
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Eastern Ave Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute Camperdown NSW 2006 Australia
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26
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Martino ML, Crooke SN, Manchester M, Finn MG. Single-Point Mutations in Qβ Virus-like Particles Change Binding to Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3332-3341. [PMID: 34251176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) constitute large, polyvalent platforms onto which a wide variety of functional units can be grafted. Their use in biological settings often depends on their specific binding to cells or receptors of interest; this can be compromised by excessive nonspecific association with other cells. We found that lysine residues mediate such nonspecific interactions, presumably by virtue of protonation and interaction with anionic membrane lipid headgroups and/or complementary residues of cell surface proteins and polysaccharides. Chemical acylation of surface-exposed amines of the Qβ VLP led to a significant reduction in the association of particles with mammalian cells. Single-point mutations of particular lysine residues to either glutamine, glutamic acid, tryptophan, or phenylalanine were mostly well-tolerated and formed intact capsids, but the introduction of double and triple mutants was far less forgiving. Introduction of glutamic acid at position 13 (K13E) led to a dramatic increase in cellular binding, whereas removal of the lysine at position 46 (K46Q) led to an equally striking reduction. Several plasma membrane components were found to specifically interact with the Qβ capsid irrespective of surface charge. These results suggest that specific cellular interactions are engaged or obviated by such mutations and provide us with more "benign" particles to which can be added binding functionality for targeted delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa L Martino
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stephen N Crooke
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - M G Finn
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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27
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Wu H, Fu X, Zhai Y, Gao S, Yang X, Zhai G. Development of Effective Tumor Vaccine Strategies Based on Immune Response Cascade Reactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100299. [PMID: 34021717 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To solve the problems of high toxicity and poor efficacy of existing tumor treatment methods, researchers have developed a variety of tumor immunotherapies. Among them, tumor vaccines activate antigen-presenting cells and T lymphocytes upstream of the cancer-immunity cycle are considered the most promising therapy to activate the immune system. Nanocarriers are considered the most promising tumor vaccine delivery vehicles, including polymer nanocarriers, lipid nanocarriers, inorganic nanocarriers, and biomimetic nanocarriers that have been developed for vaccine delivery. Based on the cascade reaction for tumor vaccines to exert their effects, this review summarizes the four key factors for the design and construction of nano-tumor vaccines. The composition and functional characteristics of the corresponding preferred nanocarriers are illustrated to provide a reference for the development of effective tumor vaccines. Finally, potential challenges and perspectives are illustrated in the hope of improving the efficacy of tumor vaccine immunotherapy and accelerating the clinical transformation of next-generation tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Xianglei Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Yujia Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Utah Salt Lake City UT 84124 USA
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250012 China
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28
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Chen L, Hong W, Ren W, Xu T, Qian Z, He Z. Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:225. [PMID: 34099630 PMCID: PMC8182741 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs) since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological vectors including cell membranes, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and viruses are considered promising candidates for targeted delivery owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. BNPs, the integration of biological vectors and functional agents, are anticipated to load cargos or camouflage synthetic nanoparticles to achieve targeted delivery. Despite their excellent intrinsic properties, natural vectors are deliberately modified to endow multiple functions such as good permeability, improved loading capability, and high specificity. Through structural modification and transformation of the vectors, they are pervasively utilized as more effective vehicles that can deliver contrast agents, chemotherapy drugs, nucleic acids, and genes to target sites for refractory disease therapy. This review summarizes recent advances in targeted delivery vectors based on cell membranes, EVs, and viruses, highlighting the potential applications of BNPs in the fields of biomedical imaging and therapy industry, as well as discussing the possibility of clinical translation and exploitation trend of these BNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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29
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Liposome engraftment and antigen combination potentiate the immune response towards conserved epitopes of the malaria vaccine candidate MSP2. Vaccine 2021; 39:1746-1757. [PMID: 33618946 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) is a highly abundant, GPI-anchored surface antigen on merozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. It consists of highly conserved N- and C-terminal domains, and a central polymorphic region that allows all MSP2 alleles to be categorized into the 3D7 or FC27 family. Previously it has been shown that epitope accessibility differs between lipid-bound and lipid-free MSP2, suggesting that lipid interactions modulate the conformation and antigenicity in a way that may better mimic native MSP2 on the merozoite surface. Therefore, we have immunised mice with MSP2 engrafted onto liposomes using a C-terminal tether that mimics the native GPI anchor. To improve the immunogenicity of the formulated antigen, liposomes were supplemented with Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern molecules, specifically agonists of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or TLR2. Induced antibodies were directed mostly towards conserved epitopes, predominantly in the conserved C-terminal region of MSP2. We also found that immunisation with a combination of 3D7 and FC27 MSP2 enhanced antibody responses to conserved epitopes, and that the overall responses of mice immunised with MSP2-engrafted liposomes were comparable in magnitude to those of mice immunised with MSP2 formulated in Montanide ISA720. The antibodies elicited in mice by immunising with MSP2-engrafted liposomes recognised the native form of parasite MSP2 on western blots and were found to be cross-reactive with isolated 3D7 and FC27 merozoites when investigated by ELISA. The liposome-tethered MSP2 induced higher titres of complement-fixing antibodies to 3D7 and FC27 MSP2 than did MSP2 formulated in Montanide ISA720. Our results indicate that liposomal formulation represents a viable strategy for eliciting a strong immune response that favours conserved epitopes in MSP2 and thus a strain-transcendent immune response.
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30
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Wu Y, Li J, Shin HJ. Self-assembled Viral Nanoparticles as Targeted Anticancer Vehicles. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021; 26:25-38. [PMID: 33584104 PMCID: PMC7872722 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) comprise a variety of mammalian viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages, that have been adopted as building blocks and supra-molecular templates in nanotechnology. VNPs demonstrate the dynamic, monodisperse, polyvalent, and symmetrical architectures which represent examples of such biological templates. These programmable scaffolds have been exploited for genetic and chemical manipulation for displaying of targeted moieties together with encapsulation of various payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. The drug delivery system based on VNPs offer diverse advantages over synthetic nanoparticles, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, water solubility, and high uptake capability. Here we summarize the recent progress of VNPs especially as targeted anticancer vehicles from the encapsulation and surface modification mechanisms, involved viruses and VNPs, to their application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Wu
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Jishun Li
- Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Jinan, 250103 China
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical and Polymer Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Korea
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31
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Witika BA, Makoni PA, Mweetwa LL, Ntemi PV, Chikukwa MTR, Matafwali SK, Mwila C, Mudenda S, Katandula J, Walker RB. Nano-Biomimetic Drug Delivery Vehicles: Potential Approaches for COVID-19 Treatment. Molecules 2020; 25:E5952. [PMID: 33339110 PMCID: PMC7765509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has tested the resolve of the global community with more than 35 million infections worldwide and numbers increasing with no cure or vaccine available to date. Nanomedicines have an advantage of providing enhanced permeability and retention and have been extensively studied as targeted drug delivery strategies for the treatment of different disease. The role of monocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and macrophages in diseases, including infectious and inflammatory diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis, are better understood and have resulted in improved strategies for targeting and in some instances mimicking these cell types to improve therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, these primary cell types can be exploited for the purposes of serving as a "Trojan horse" for targeted delivery to identified organs and sites of inflammation. State of the art and potential utilization of nanocarriers such as nanospheres/nanocapsules, nanocrystals, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles/nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, and nanosponges for biomimicry and/or targeted delivery of bioactives to cells are reported herein and their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19 infections discussed. Physicochemical properties, viz., hydrophilicity, particle shape, surface charge, composition, concentration, the use of different target-specific ligands on the surface of carriers, and the impact on carrier efficacy and specificity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya A. Witika
- Department of Pharmacy, DDT College of Medicine, P.O. Box 70587, Gaborone 00000, Botswana; (B.A.W.); (L.L.M.)
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (P.A.M.); (P.V.N.); (M.T.R.C.)
| | - Pedzisai A. Makoni
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (P.A.M.); (P.V.N.); (M.T.R.C.)
| | - Larry L. Mweetwa
- Department of Pharmacy, DDT College of Medicine, P.O. Box 70587, Gaborone 00000, Botswana; (B.A.W.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Pascal V. Ntemi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (P.A.M.); (P.V.N.); (M.T.R.C.)
| | - Melissa T. R. Chikukwa
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (P.A.M.); (P.V.N.); (M.T.R.C.)
| | - Scott K. Matafwali
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola 10101, Zambia;
| | - Chiluba Mwila
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (C.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; (C.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Jonathan Katandula
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Roderick B. Walker
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; (P.A.M.); (P.V.N.); (M.T.R.C.)
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Sani MZ, Bargahi A, Momenzadeh N, Dehghani P, Moghadam MV, Maleki SJ, Nabipour I, Shirkani A, Akhtari J, Hesamizadeh K, Heidari S, Omrani F, Akbarzadeh S, Mohammadi M. Genetically engineered fusion of allergen and viral-like particle induces a more effective allergen-specific immune response than a combination of them. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 105:77-91. [PMID: 33215260 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) were developed as a candidate for allergen-specific immunotherapy. In this study, hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) that genetically fused to Chenopodium album polcalcin (Che a 3)-derived peptide was expressed in E. coli BL21, purified, and VLP formation was evaluated using native agarose gel electrophoresis (NAGE) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Chimeric HBc VLPs were characterized in terms of their reactivity to IgE, the induction of blocking IgG and allergen-specific IgE, basophil-activating capacity, and Th1-type immune responses. Results from IgE reactivity and basophil activation test showed that chimeric HBc VLPs lack IgE-binding capacity and basophil degranulation activity. Although chimeric HBc VLPs induced the highest level of efficient polcalcin-specific IgG antibody in comparison to those induced by recombinant Che a 3 (rChe a 3) mixed either with HBc VLPs or alum, they triggered the lowest level of polcalcin-specific IgE in mice following immunization. Furthermore, in comparison to the other antigens, chimeric HBc VLPs produced a polcalcin-specific Th1 cell response. Taken together, genetically fusion of allergen derivatives to HBc VLPs, in comparison to a mix of them, may be a more effective way to induce appropriate immune responses in allergen-specific immunotherapy. KEY POINTS: • The insertion of allergen-derived peptide into major insertion region (MIR) of hepatitis B virus core (HBc) antigen resulted in nanoparticles displaying allergen-derived peptide upon its expression in prokaryotic host. • The resultant VLPs (chimeric HBc VLPs) did not exhibit IgE reactivity with allergic patients' sera and were not able to degranulate basophils. • Chimeric HBc VLPs dramatically improved protective IgG antibody response compared with those induced by allergen mixed either with HBc VLPs or alum. • Chimeric HBc VLPs induced Th1 responses that were counterparts of Th2 responses (allergic). • Chimeric HBc VLPs increased IgG2a/ IgG1 ratio and the level of IFN-γ compared to those induced by allergen mixed with either HBc VLPs or alum. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zamani Sani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Niloofar Momenzadeh
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, Bushehr, 7514633196, Iran
| | - Parva Dehghani
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, Bushehr, 7514633196, Iran
| | - Maryam Vakili Moghadam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila June Maleki
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, Bushehr, 7514633196, Iran
| | - Afshin Shirkani
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Khashayar Hesamizadeh
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahel Heidari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Omrani
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, Bushehr, 7514633196, Iran
| | - Samad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Moallem Street, Bushehr, 7514633196, Iran.
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Manspeaker MP, Thomas SN. Lymphatic immunomodulation using engineered drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:19-35. [PMID: 33058931 PMCID: PMC7736326 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer to improve disease outcomes, an array of challenges remain that limit wider clinical success, including low rate of response and immune-related adverse events. Targeting immunomodulatory drugs to therapeutically relevant tissues offers a way to overcome these challenges by potentially enabling enhanced therapeutic efficacy and decreased incidence of side effects. Research highlighting the importance of lymphatic tissues in the response to immunotherapy has increased interest in the application of engineered drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enable specific targeting of immunomodulators to lymphatic tissues and cells that they house. To this end, a variety of DDS platforms have been developed that enable more efficient uptake into lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes to provide targeted modulation of the immune response to cancer. This can occur either by delivery of immunotherapeutics to lymphatics tissues or by direct modulation of the lymphatic vasculature itself due to their direct involvement in tumor immune processes. This review will highlight DDS platforms that, by enabling the activities of cancer vaccines, chemotherapeutics, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies, and anti- or pro-lymphangiogenic factors to lymphatic tissues through directed delivery and controlled release, augment cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret P Manspeaker
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Susan N Thomas
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America; Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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Virus-Like Particles as an Immunogenic Platform for Cancer Vaccines. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050488. [PMID: 32349216 PMCID: PMC7291217 DOI: 10.3390/v12050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLP) spontaneously assemble from viral structural proteins. They are naturally biocompatible and non-infectious. VLP can serve as a platform for many potential vaccine epitopes, display them in a dense repeating array, and elicit antibodies against non-immunogenic substances, including tumor-associated self-antigens. Genetic or chemical conjugation facilitates the multivalent display of a homologous or heterologous epitope. Most VLP range in diameter from 25 to 100 nm and, in most cases, drain freely into the lymphatic vessels and induce antibodies with high titers and affinity without the need for additional adjuvants. VLP administration can be performed using different strategies, regimens, and doses to improve the immunogenicity of the antigen they expose on their surface. This article summarizes the features of VLP and presents them as a relevant platform technology to address not only infectious diseases but also chronic diseases and cancer.
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Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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Rabiee N, Yaraki MT, Garakani SM, Garakani SM, Ahmadi S, Lajevardi A, Bagherzadeh M, Rabiee M, Tayebi L, Tahriri M, Hamblin MR. Recent advances in porphyrin-based nanocomposites for effective targeted imaging and therapy. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119707. [PMID: 31874428 PMCID: PMC7008091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are organic compounds that continue to attract much theoretical interest, and have been called the "pigments of life". They have a wide role in photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy, along with uses in magnetic resonance, fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. There is a vast range of porphyrins that have been isolated or designed, but few of them have real clinical applications. Due to the hydrophobic properties of porphyrins, and their tendency to aggregate by stacking of the planar molecules they are difficult to work with in aqueous media. Therefore encapsulating them in nanoparticles (NPs) or attachment to various delivery vehicles have been used to improve delivery characteristics. Porphyrins can be used in a composite designed material with properties that allow specific targeting, immune tolerance, extended tissue lifetime and improved hydrophilicity. Drug delivery, healing and repairing of damaged organs, and cancer theranostics are some of the medical uses of porphyrin-based nanocomposites covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, 138634, Singapore
| | | | | | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aseman Lajevardi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Tahriri
- Department of Developmental Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
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Li R, Ma Y, Dong Y, Zhao Z, You C, Huang S, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y. Novel Paclitaxel-Loaded Nanoparticles Based on Human H Chain Ferritin for Tumor-Targeted Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6645-6654. [PMID: 33423483 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX), an excellent chemotherapeutic antitumor drug, is widely used to treat patients with various cancers. However, its clinical applications are greatly restricted by poor solubility and lack of targeting. Herein, we applied natural human H chain ferritin (HFtn) nanocages that can bind to tumor cells via interacting with the human transferritin receptor 1 (TfR1) leading to its endocytosis as the PTX carrier for the targeted delivery. PTX molecules were encapsulated into HFtn cavity using disassembly/reassembly method through adjusting pH. According to the requirements of drugs suitable for clinical trials, HFtn can be easily purified in high yields with no ligand modification or property modulation. We demonstrated that PTX molecules were successfully encapsulated in the protein nanocages. The HFtn-PTX nanoparticles exhibited similar morphology and structural characteristics to the hollow cage and showed significant cytotoxicity in vitro than the naked PTX. Flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and in vivo imaging of MDA-MB-231 tumor demonstrated the HFtn-PTX nanoparticles targeting ability to tumor cells. Cell apoptosis assay showed that HFtn-PTX had similar apoptotic characteristics on MDA-MB-231 cells as that of the free PTX. HFtn-PTX nanoparticles have higher in vivo therapeutic efficacy and lower systemic toxicity. The BALB/c mice model also confirmed the effectiveness of the nanoparticles. Specifically targeting to tumors and solving the solubility issue of water-insoluble drugs thus alleviating the side effects, HFtn can be an efficient hydrophobic drug delivery nanocarrier for further applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruike Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yuanmeng Ma
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yixin Dong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Zhujun Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun You
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210089, P. R. China
| | - Shenlin Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket P, Luckanagul JA, Rojsitthisak P, Wang Q. Chemical modification of enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 10:666-679. [PMID: 30295307 DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unique characteristics of enveloped viruses including nanometer size, consistent morphology, narrow size distribution, versatile functionality and biocompatibility have attracted attention from scientists to develop enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. The biomedical applications of the viral-based nanoparticles include vaccine development, imaging and targeted drug delivery. The modification of the structural elements of enveloped viruses is necessary for the desired functions. Here, we review the chemical approaches that have been utilized to develop bionanomaterials based on enveloped viruses for biomedical applications. We first provide an overview of the structures of enveloped viruses which are composed of nucleic acids, structural and functional proteins, glycan residues and lipid envelope. The methods for modification, including direct conjugation, metabolic incorporation of functional groups and peptide tag insertion, are described based on the biomolecular types of viral components. Layer-by-layer technology is also included in this review to illustrate the non-covalent modification of enveloped viruses. Then, we further elaborate the applications of chemically-modified enveloped viruses, virus-like particles and viral subcomponents in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahweenvaj Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket
- Biomedicinal Chemistry Program, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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Yang G, Chen S, Zhang J. Bioinspired and Biomimetic Nanotherapies for the Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:751. [PMID: 31333467 PMCID: PMC6624236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There are still great challenges for the effective treatment of infectious diseases, although considerable achievement has been made by using antiviral and antimicrobial agents varying from small-molecule drugs, peptides/proteins, to nucleic acids. The nanomedicine approach is emerging as a new strategy capable of overcoming disadvantages of molecular therapeutics and amplifying their anti-infective activities, by localized delivery to infection sites, reducing off-target effects, and/or attenuating resistance development. Nanotechnology, in combination with bioinspired and biomimetic approaches, affords additional functions to nanoparticles derived from synthetic materials. Herein, we aim to provide a state-of-the-art review on recent progress in biomimetic and bioengineered nanotherapies for the treatment of infectious disease. Different biomimetic nanoparticles, derived from viruses, bacteria, and mammalian cells, are first described, with respect to their construction and biophysicochemical properties. Then, the applications of diverse biomimetic nanoparticles in anti-infective therapy are introduced, either by their intrinsic activity or by loading and site-specifically delivering various molecular drugs. Bioinspired and biomimetic nanovaccines for prevention and/or therapy of infectious diseases are also highlighted. At the end, major translation issues and future directions of this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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40
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Syomin BV, Ilyin YV. Virus-Like Particles as an Instrument of Vaccine Production. Mol Biol 2019; 53:323-334. [PMID: 32214478 PMCID: PMC7088979 DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The paper discusses the techniques which are currently implemented for vaccine production based on virus-like particles (VLPs). The factors which determine the characteristics of VLP monomers assembly are provided in detail. Analysis of the literature demonstrates that the development of the techniques of VLP production and immobilization of target antigens on their surface have led to the development of universal platforms which make it possible for virtually any known antigen to be exposed on the particle surface in a highly concentrated form. As a result, the focus of attention has shifted from the approaches to VLP production to the development of a precise interface between the organism's immune system and the peptides inducing a strong immune response to pathogens or the organism's own pathological cells. Immunome-specified methods for vaccine design and the prospects of immunoprophylaxis are discussed. Certain examples of vaccines against viral diseases and cancers are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. V. Syomin
- Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge (ISSEK),
National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
| | - Y. V. Ilyin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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41
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Saleh AM, Wilding KM, Calve S, Bundy BC, Kinzer-Ursem TL. Non-canonical amino acid labeling in proteomics and biotechnology. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:43. [PMID: 31139251 PMCID: PMC6529998 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic labeling of proteins with non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) provides unique bioorthogonal chemical groups during de novo synthesis by taking advantage of both endogenous and heterologous protein synthesis machineries. Labeled proteins can then be selectively conjugated to fluorophores, affinity reagents, peptides, polymers, nanoparticles or surfaces for a wide variety of downstream applications in proteomics and biotechnology. In this review, we focus on techniques in which proteins are residue- and site-specifically labeled with ncAAs containing bioorthogonal handles. These ncAA-labeled proteins are: readily enriched from cells and tissues for identification via mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis; selectively purified for downstream biotechnology applications; or labeled with fluorophores for in situ analysis. To facilitate the wider use of these techniques, we provide decision trees to help guide the design of future experiments. It is expected that the use of ncAA labeling will continue to expand into new application areas where spatial and temporal analysis of proteome dynamics and engineering new chemistries and new function into proteins are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M. Saleh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Kristen M. Wilding
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Sarah Calve
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Bradley C. Bundy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
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Hatlem D, Trunk T, Linke D, Leo JC. Catching a SPY: Using the SpyCatcher-SpyTag and Related Systems for Labeling and Localizing Bacterial Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2129. [PMID: 31052154 PMCID: PMC6539128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The SpyCatcher-SpyTag system was developed seven years ago as a method for protein ligation. It is based on a modified domain from a Streptococcus pyogenes surface protein (SpyCatcher), which recognizes a cognate 13-amino-acid peptide (SpyTag). Upon recognition, the two form a covalent isopeptide bond between the side chains of a lysine in SpyCatcher and an aspartate in SpyTag. This technology has been used, among other applications, to create covalently stabilized multi-protein complexes, for modular vaccine production, and to label proteins (e.g., for microscopy). The SpyTag system is versatile as the tag is a short, unfolded peptide that can be genetically fused to exposed positions in target proteins; similarly, SpyCatcher can be fused to reporter proteins such as GFP, and to epitope or purification tags. Additionally, an orthogonal system called SnoopTag-SnoopCatcher has been developed from an S. pneumoniae pilin that can be combined with SpyCatcher-SpyTag to produce protein fusions with multiple components. Furthermore, tripartite applications have been produced from both systems allowing the fusion of two peptides by a separate, catalytically active protein unit, SpyLigase or SnoopLigase. Here, we review the current state of the SpyCatcher-SpyTag and related technologies, with a particular emphasis on their use in vaccine development and in determining outer membrane protein localization and topology of surface proteins in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hatlem
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas Trunk
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dirk Linke
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jack C Leo
- Bacterial Cell Surface Group, Section for Evolution and Genetics, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Zhao L, Kopylov M, Potter CS, Carragher B, Finn MG. Engineering the PP7 Virus Capsid as a Peptide Display Platform. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4443-4454. [PMID: 30912918 PMCID: PMC6991139 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
As self-assembling polyvalent nanoscale structures that can tolerate substantial genetic and chemical modification, virus-like particles are useful in a variety of fields. Here we describe the genetic modification and structural characterization of the Leviviridae PP7 capsid protein as a platform for the presentation of functional polypeptides. This particle was shown to tolerate the display of sequences from 1 kDa (a cell penetrating peptide) to 14 kDa (the Fc-binding double Z-domain) on its exterior surface as C-terminal genetic fusions to the coat protein. In addition, a dimeric construct allowed the presentation of exogenous loops between capsid monomers and the simultaneous presentation of two different peptides at different positions on the icosahedral structure. The PP7 particle is thereby significantly more tolerant of these types of polypeptide additions than Qβ and MS2, the other Leviviridae-derived VLPs in common use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mykhailo Kopylov
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Clinton S. Potter
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Bridget Carragher
- National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, 89 Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Vignali V, S. Miranda B, Lodoso-Torrecilla I, van Nisselroy CAJ, Hoogenberg BJ, Dantuma S, Hollmann F, de Vries JW, Warszawik EM, Fischer R, Commandeur U, van Rijn P. Biocatalytically induced surface modification of the tobacco mosaic virus and the bacteriophage M13. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:51-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-step laccase induced free radical oxidation of the tobacco mosaic virus and bacteriophage M13 led to acrylate-functionalized viruses with customizable properties.
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45
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Charlton Hume HK, Vidigal J, Carrondo MJT, Middelberg APJ, Roldão A, Lua LHL. Synthetic biology for bioengineering virus-like particle vaccines. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 116:919-935. [PMID: 30597533 PMCID: PMC7161758 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method of disease prevention and control. Many viruses and bacteria that once caused catastrophic pandemics (e.g., smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles, and diphtheria) are either eradicated or effectively controlled through routine vaccination programs. Nonetheless, vaccine manufacturing remains incredibly challenging. Viruses exhibiting high antigenic diversity and high mutation rates cannot be fairly contested using traditional vaccine production methods and complexities surrounding the manufacturing processes, which impose significant limitations. Virus‐like particles (VLPs) are recombinantly produced viral structures that exhibit immunoprotective traits of native viruses but are noninfectious. Several VLPs that compositionally match a given natural virus have been developed and licensed as vaccines. Expansively, a plethora of studies now confirms that VLPs can be designed to safely present heterologous antigens from a variety of pathogens unrelated to the chosen carrier VLPs. Owing to this design versatility, VLPs offer technological opportunities to modernize vaccine supply and disease response through rational bioengineering. These opportunities are greatly enhanced with the application of synthetic biology, the redesign and construction of novel biological entities. This review outlines how synthetic biology is currently applied to engineer VLP functions and manufacturing process. Current and developing technologies for the identification of novel target‐specific antigens and their usefulness for rational engineering of VLP functions (e.g., presentation of structurally diverse antigens, enhanced antigen immunogenicity, and improved vaccine stability) are described. When applied to manufacturing processes, synthetic biology approaches can also overcome specific challenges in VLP vaccine production. Finally, we address several challenges and benefits associated with the translation of VLP vaccine development into the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley K Charlton Hume
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - João Vidigal
- Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal.,Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - António Roldão
- Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal.,Health & Pharma Division, Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Linda H L Lua
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Crooke SN, Zheng J, Ganewatta MS, Guldberg SM, Reineke TM, Finn M. Immunological Properties of Protein–Polymer Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:93-103. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jukuan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mitra S. Ganewatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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47
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Jeevanandam J, Pal K, Danquah MK. Virus-like nanoparticles as a novel delivery tool in gene therapy. Biochimie 2018; 157:38-47. [PMID: 30408502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are considered as natural nanomaterials as they are in the size range of 20-500 nm with a genetical material either DNA or RNA, which is surrounded by a protein coat capsid. Recently, the field of virus nanotechnology is gaining significant attention from researchers. Attention is given to the utilization of viruses as nanomaterials for medical, biotechnology and energy applications. Removal of genetic material from the viral capsid creates empty capsid for drug incorporation and coating the capsid protein crystals with antibodies, enzymes or aptamers will enhance their targeted drug deliver efficiency. Studies reported that these virus-like nanoparticles have been used in delivering drugs for cancer. It is also used in imaging and sensory applications for various diseases. However, there is reservation among researchers to utilize virus-like nanoparticles in targeted delivery of genes in gene therapy, as there is a possibility of using virus-like nanoparticles for targeted gene delivery. In addition, other biomedical applications that are explored using virus-like nanoparticles and the probable mechanism of delivering genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT250, Miri, Sarawak, 98009, Malaysia
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath University, Department of Nanotechnology, Research Park, 173 Agharam Road, Selaiyur, Chennai, 600073, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN, 37403, United States
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Soltani M, Davis BR, Ford H, Nelson JAD, Bundy BC. Reengineering cell-free protein synthesis as a biosensor: Biosensing with transcription, translation, and protein-folding. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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49
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Nanoreactors: Strategies to encapsulate enzyme biocatalysts in virus-like particles. N Biotechnol 2018; 44:59-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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Icik E, Eiben S, Schädel N, Kupka J, Martini M, Wege C, Laschat S. Plant virus hybrid materials based on tobacco mosaic virus and small organic cross-linkers. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.18.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Icik
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicole Schädel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julia Kupka
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maike Martini
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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