1
|
Zhang S, Williams KJ, Verlande-Ferrero A, Chan AP, Su GB, Kershaw EE, Cox JE, Maschek JA, Shapira SN, Christofk HR, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Masri S, Villanueva CJ. Acute activation of adipocyte lipolysis reveals dynamic lipid remodeling of the hepatic lipidome. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100434. [PMID: 37640283 PMCID: PMC10839691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the site of long-term energy storage. During the fasting state, exercise, and cold exposure, the white adipose tissue mobilizes energy for peripheral tissues through lipolysis. The mobilization of lipids from white adipose tissue to the liver can lead to excess triglyceride accumulation and fatty liver disease. Although the white adipose tissue is known to release free fatty acids, a comprehensive analysis of lipids mobilized from white adipocytes in vivo has not been completed. In these studies, we provide a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the adipocyte-secreted lipidome and show that there is interorgan crosstalk with liver. Our analysis identifies multiple lipid classes released by adipocytes in response to activation of lipolysis. Time-dependent analysis of the serum lipidome showed that free fatty acids increase within 30 min of β3-adrenergic receptor activation and subsequently decrease, followed by a rise in serum triglycerides, liver triglycerides, and several ceramide species. The triglyceride composition of liver is enriched for linoleic acid despite higher concentrations of palmitate in the blood. To further validate that these findings were a specific consequence of lipolysis, we generated mice with conditional deletion of adipose tissue triglyceride lipase exclusively in adipocytes. This loss of in vivo adipocyte lipolysis prevented the rise in serum free fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides. Furthermore, conditioned media from adipocytes promotes lipid remodeling in hepatocytes with concomitant changes in genes/pathways mediating lipid utilization. Together, these data highlight critical role of adipocyte lipolysis in interorgan crosstalk between adipocytes and liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Williams
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amandine Verlande-Ferrero
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alvin P Chan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gino B Su
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James E Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John Alan Maschek
- Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Suzanne N Shapira
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hong J, Raza SHA, Ma H, Cao W, Chong Y, Wu J, Xi D, Deng W. Multiple omics analysis reveals the regulation of SIRT5 on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism during the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. Genomics 2024; 116:110773. [PMID: 38158141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Preadipocyte differentiation represents a critical stage in adipogenesis, with mitochondria playing an undeniable pivotal role. Given the intricate interplay between transcription and metabolic signaling during adipogenesis, the regulation of sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism was revealed via multiple omics analysis. The findings suggest that SIRT5 plays a crucial role in promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis and maintaining mitochondrial function during preadipocyte differentiation. Moreover, SIRT5 modulates the metabolic levels of numerous bioactive substances by extensively regulating genes expression associated with differentiation, energy metabolism, lipid synthesis, and mitochondrial function. Finally, SIRT5 was found to suppress triacylglycerols (TAG) accumulation while enhancing the proportion and diversity of unsaturated fatty acids, and providing conditions for the expansion and stability of membrane structure during mitochondrial biosynthesis through numerous gene regulations. Our findings provide a foundation for the identification of crucial functional genes, signaling pathways, and metabolic substances associated with adipose tissue differentiation and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety / Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongming Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Weina Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqing Chong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Weidong Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye P, Wang QH, Liu CS, Li GH, Olatunji OJ, Lin JT, Zuo J. SIRT1 inhibitors within Qing-Luo-Yin alleviated white adipose tissues-mediated inflammation in antigen-induced arthritis mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155132. [PMID: 37844379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White adipose tissues (WAT) release large amounts of inflammatory mediators, which are responsible for the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). PURPOSE The current study investigated the involvement of WAT in the treatments of antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) mice with the herbal formula Qing-Luo-Yin (QLY). METHODS Cytokines and biochemical/metabolic indicators were determined by ELISA and colorimetry methods, respectively. Monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Tissues were subjected to PCR, western-blot and histological analyses. Pre-adipocytes were cultured in the different mouse serum from the in vivo experiment, and some of them were treated by certain compounds or/and lipopolysaccharide. Afterwards, the catalytic activity and thermostability of SIRT1 were tested. Gene/protein expression and cytokine production were investigated too. NAMPT and SIRT1 were silenced in some cells by siRNA. RESULTS AIA mice suffered from inflammatory adipokines-mediated metabolism and immune disorders. Besides joint protective effects, QLY therapies favored adipocyte differentiation and suppressed inflammatory adipokines release. The up-regulation of fatty acid oxidation and inflammatory monocyte polarization was therefore inhibited in peripheral tissues. PPARγ expression was generally promoted by QLY. Whereas, SIRT1 activity was always impaired, indicated by the declined NAD+ levels and the increased ace-p65 expression. QLY effectively inhibited eNAMPT release in AIA mouse serum-cultured pre-adipocytes. This effect was antagonized by resveratrol (a SIRT1 agonist) and overshadowed by NAMPT silencing. QLY-related compounds berberine, dioscin and sophocarpine showed high binding affinities to SIRT1, stabilized this protein, and inhibited its deacetylation activity in vitro. Their effects on ace-p65 expression were weakened when SIRT1 was silenced. CONCLUSION SIRT1 inhibitors in QLY reduced eNAMPT production and up-regulated PPARγ in AIA mice, leading to inflammation remission. These clues show that except for the well-known anti-inflammatory functions, SIRT1 participates in inflammatory reactions too and could be a potential anti-rheumatic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Xin'an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Qi-Hai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China; Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Chun-Sheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Guo-Hao Li
- Xin'an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China; Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | | | - Jia-Ting Lin
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China;.
| | - Jian Zuo
- Xin'an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China; Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China; Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institution of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Payet T, Valmori M, Astier J, Svilar L, Sicard F, Tardivel C, Ghossoub R, Martin JC, Landrier JF, Mounien L. Vitamin D Modulates Lipid Composition of Adipocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Under Inflammatory Conditions. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300374. [PMID: 37712099 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (AdEVs) convey lipids that can play a role in the energy homeostasis. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to limit the metabolic inflammation as it decreases inflammatory markers expression in adipose tissue (AT). However, VD effect on adipocytes-derived EVs has never been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the AdEVs lipid composition by LC-MS/MS approach in 3T3-L1 cells treated with VD or/and pro-inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]). Among all lipid species, four are highlighted (glycerolipids, phospholipids, lysophospholipids, and sphingolipids) with a differential content between small (sEVs) and large EVs (lEVs). This study also observes that VD alone modulates EV lipid species involved in membrane fluidity and in the budding of membrane. EVs treated with VD under inflammatory conditions have different lipid profiles than the control group, which is more pronounced in lEVs. Indeed, 25 lipid species are significantly modulated in lEVs, compared with only seven lipid species in sEVs. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that VD, alone or under inflammatory conditions, is associated with specific lipidomic signature of sEVs and lEVs. These observations reinforce current knowledge on the anti-inflammatory effect of VD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Payet
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Valmori
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- BIOMET, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Astier
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Ljubica Svilar
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- BIOMET, Marseille, France
| | - Flavie Sicard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- BIOMET, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, Marseille, France
| | | | - Rania Ghossoub
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe Labellisée Ligue 2018, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- BIOMET, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Landrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, Marseille, France
| | - Lourdes Mounien
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- PhenoMARS Aix-Marseille Technology Platform, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang K, Zeng C. Extracellular Vesicles and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:143-153. [PMID: 37603278 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of vesicles with membrane structure released by cells, including exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies, and oncosomes. EVs are now recognized as important tools of cell-to-cell communication, allowing cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material to participate in physiological and pathological processes. It has been reported that EVs regulate host-pathogen interactions and participate in pathological processes of infectious disease, neurological diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, etc., it also plays an important role in the process of growth and development. EVs have a bright future in clinical application. They can be used to monitor clinical status, therapeutic effect, and disease progression. At the same time, EVs have the potential to be developed as clinical drug delivery vectors due to their ability to deliver biomolecules. However, it is still unclear whether EVs are reliable and useful markers for the diagnosis or early detection of obesity, and whether they can be used as drug vectors for the treatment of obesity. In this review, we summarize the research progress of EVs and obesity. It is hoped that EVs may become a new target in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
MicroRNA profiling of subcutaneous adipose tissue in periparturient dairy cows at high or moderate body condition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14748. [PMID: 36042230 PMCID: PMC9427980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence shows that microRNA (miRNA), play important roles in regulating adipose tissue (AT) physiology and function. The objective was to characterize the AT miRNA profile in over-conditioned (HBCS, n = 19) versus moderate-conditioned (MBCS, n = 19) periparturient dairy cows. Tail-head subcutaneous AT biopsied on d -49 and 21 relative to parturition were used for miRNA sequencing. The miR-486 was the most significant miRNA among the upregulated miRNA on d -49, which might be related to more pronounced changes in lipogenesis and altered insulin sensitivity in AT of HBCS cows at dry-off. Comparing HBCS to MBCS on d 21, 23 miRNA were downregulated and 20 were upregulated. The predicted targets of upregulated differentially expressed (DE)-miRNA on d 21 were enriched in different pathways, including pathways related to lysosomes and peroxisomes. The predicted targets of downregulated DE-miRNA on d 21 were enriched in various pathways, including epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin resistance, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway, and autophagy. The results showed that over-conditioning was associated with changes in SCAT miRNA profile mainly on d 21, of which most were downregulated. The enriched pathways may participate in over-conditioning-associated metabolic challenges during early lactation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Phytochemical Constituents Identified from the Aerial Parts of Lespedeza cuneata and Their Effects on Lipid Metabolism during Adipocyte Maturation. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8110203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lespedeza cuneata, belonging to Fabaceae, is well-known as Chinese bushclover, and it has been used in traditional folk medicines for the treatment of disorders, such as diabetes, hematuria, and insomnia. As part of continuing research projects to discover interesting natural compounds with biological activities from Korean medicinal plants, the phytochemical investigation of L. cuneata resulted in the isolation of five chemical constituents: α-tocopherol (1), 7a-methoxy-α-tocopherol (2), 13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trien-oic acid (3), α-dimorphecolic acid (4), and lupeol (5). The structural determination of the isolated compounds was elucidated from data gathered through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Until now, this study is the first to report these five compounds from the plant L. cuneata. Moreover, these isolated compounds (1–5) were evaluated for their anti-adipogenesis effects and their role in lipid metabolism during adipocyte maturation. As a result, the upregulation of mRNA expression levels of Fabp4 from 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes treated with compounds 3 and 4 demonstrated that these compounds efficiently induced adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, compounds 3 and 4 were found to regulate lipid metabolism by the induction of lipolytic and of lipogenic gene expressions. Therefore, experimental data from these findings supported that the compounds 3 and 4 induce the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and regulate lipid metabolism.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee D, Kim JY, Qi Y, Park S, Lee HL, Yamabe N, Kim H, Jang DS, Kang KS. Phytochemicals from the flowers of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch: Anti-adipogenic effect of mandelamide on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128326. [PMID: 34403725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Flowers of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Rosaceae), known as peach blossoms, have been reported to exert anti-obesity effects by improving hepatic lipid metabolism in obese mice. However, little is known regarding the anti-adipogenic effects of the phenolic compounds isolated from P. persica flowers. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of compounds extracted from P. persica flowers (PPF) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes using adipogenic differentiation assays. Additionally, we compared the anti-adipogenic effects of the phenolic compounds isolated from PPF, such as prunasin amide (1), amygdalin amide (2), prunasin acid (3), mandelamide (4), methyl caffeate (5), ferulic acid (6), chlorogenic acid (7), benzyl α-l-xylpyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), prunin (9), naringenin (10), nicotiflorin (11), astragalin (12), afzelin (13), and uridine (14), on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes. PPF and compounds 4-7 and 10 significantly inhibited adipogenesis. Among them, mandelamide (4) exhibited the maximum inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 36.04 ± 1.82 μM. Additionally, mandelamide downregulated the expression of key adipogenic markers, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase, P38, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, and glucocorticoid receptor. These results indicate that mandelamide is an active ingredient of PPF possessing anti-obesity properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Yutong Qi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Sangsu Park
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Srivastava A, Palaia T, Hall C, Stevenson M, Lee J, Ragolia L. Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D2 Synthase appears to function as a Novel Adipokine Preventing Adipose Dysfunction in response to a High Fat Diet. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 157:106585. [PMID: 34371198 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipose dysfunction is the primary defect in obesity that contributes to the development of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and some cancers. Previously, we demonstrated the development of NAFLD in lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) knockout mice regardless of diet. In the present study, we examined the role of L-PGDS in adipose in response to a high fat diet. We observed decreased expression of L-PGDS in adipose tissue and concomitant lower plasma levels in a dietary model of obesity as well as in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We show reduced adiponectin expression and phosphorylation of AMPK in white adipose tissue of L-PGDS KO mice after 14 weeks on a high fat diet as compared to control C57BL/6 mice. We also observe an increased fat content in L-PGDS KO mice as demonstrated by adipocyte hypertrophy and increased expression of lipogenenic genes. We confirmed our in vivo findings in in vitro 3T3-L1 adipocytes, using an enzymatic inhibitor of L-PGDS (AT56). Rosiglitazone treatment drastically increased L-PGDS expression in insulin resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes and increased adiponectin expression and AMPK phosphorylation in AT56 treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We conclude that the absence of L-PGDS has a deleterious effect on adipose tissue functioning, which further reduces insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue. Consequently, we propose L-PGDS appears to function as a potential member of the adipokine secretome involved in the regulation of the obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Thomas Palaia
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States; Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Blvd. Suite 4-003, Mineola, NY, 11501, United States
| | - Christopher Hall
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Matthew Stevenson
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Jenny Lee
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States
| | - Louis Ragolia
- Department of Biomedical research, NYU Langone Hospital, Long Island, United States; Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 101 Mineola Blvd. Suite 4-003, Mineola, NY, 11501, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Marcelin G, Silveira ALM, Martins LB, Ferreira AV, Clément K. Deciphering the cellular interplays underlying obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:4032-4040. [PMID: 31498150 DOI: 10.1172/jci129192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity originates from an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure that promotes adipose tissue expansion, which is necessary to buffer nutrient excess. Patients with higher visceral fat mass are at a higher risk of developing severe complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular and liver diseases. However, increased fat mass does not fully explain obesity's propensity to promote metabolic diseases. With chronic obesity, adipose tissue undergoes major remodeling, which can ultimately result in unresolved chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis accumulation. These features drive local tissue damage and initiate and/or maintain multiorgan dysfunction. Here, we review the current understanding of adipose tissue remodeling with a focus on obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and its relevance to clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Marcelin
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ana Letícia M Silveira
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Vm Ferreira
- Immunometabolism, Department of Nutrition, Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Karine Clément
- Nutrition and Obesities: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics, UMRS U1269), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Nutrition Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Karagiannis F, Masouleh SK, Wunderling K, Surendar J, Schmitt V, Kazakov A, Michla M, Hölzel M, Thiele C, Wilhelm C. Lipid-Droplet Formation Drives Pathogenic Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Airway Inflammation. Immunity 2020; 52:620-634.e6. [PMID: 32268121 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play an important role in the control and maintenance of barrier immunity. However, chronic activation of ILCs results in immune-mediated pathology. Here, we show that tissue-resident type 2 ILCs (ILC2s) display a distinct metabolic signature upon chronic activation. In the context of allergen-driven airway inflammation, ILC2s increase their uptake of both external lipids and glucose. Externally acquired fatty acids are transiently stored in lipid droplets and converted into phospholipids to promote the proliferation of ILC2s. This metabolic program is imprinted by interleukin-33 (IL-33) and regulated by the genes Pparg and Dgat1, which are both controlled by glucose availability and mTOR signaling. Restricting dietary glucose by feeding mice a ketogenic diet largely ablated ILC2-mediated airway inflammation by impairing fatty acid metabolism and the formation of lipid droplets. Together, these results reveal that pathogenic ILC2 responses require lipid metabolism and identify ketogenic diet as a potent intervention strategy to treat airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Karagiannis
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Schekufe Kharabi Masouleh
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Wunderling
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jayagopi Surendar
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vanessa Schmitt
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Kazakov
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Michla
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Immunopathology Unit, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mukherjee S, Aseer KR, Yun JW. Roles of Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor in White and Brown Adipocytes. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
13
|
Lee SR, Yi SA, Nam KH, Ryoo R, Lee J, Kim KH. Pantheric Acids A-C from a Poisonous Mushroom, Amanita pantherina, Promote Lipid Accumulation in Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3489-3493. [PMID: 31724396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amanita pantherina is a poisonous mushroom that causes muscle cramps, insanity, and audiovisual disorders. As part of our systematic study on Korean mushrooms, a chemical investigation of A. pantherina fruiting bodies resulted in the isolation and structural identification of three new fatty acid derivatives, pantheric acids A-C (1-3), and a known compound, 1,10-dimethyl ester-2-decenedioic acid (4). Although 1,10-dimethyl ester-2-decenedioic acid (4) was previously reported as a synthetic product, it was structurally identified from a natural source for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were established by detailed analysis of 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR, HRMS, and LC/MS/MS data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were unambiguously determined by a recently developed method using competing enantioselective acylation coupled with LC/MS analysis. The isolated compounds (1-4) were evaluated for their effects on lipid accumulation during adipocyte maturation. Pantheric acids A-C (1-3) promoted the enlargement of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and altered lipid metabolism by inducing lipogenesis and inhibiting lipolysis. Our findings provide experimental evidence suggesting the potential adverse effects of pantheric acids A-C from a poisonous mushroom on lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seoung Rak Lee
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ah Yi
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Rhim Ryoo
- Special Forest Products Division, Forest Bioresources Department , National Institute of Forest Science , Suwon 16631 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy , Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bashir S, Elegunde B, Morgan WA. Inhibition of lipolysis: A novel explanation for the hypothermic actions of acetaminophen in non-febrile rodents. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 172:113774. [PMID: 31870769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen is both widely used to treat children with fever and is also responsible for thousands being hospitalised annually. Historically the antipyretic actions of acetaminophen were attributed to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1/2) enzymes and more recently a novel COX-1 variant (COX-3) located in the brain. However, the evidence for acetaminophen-mediated COX inhibition remains contentious. This study assesses the impact of acetaminophen and other putative COX-3 inhibitors on the release of fatty acids during lipolysis as an alternative mechanism by which antipyretics can reduce body temperature during fever. 3T3-L1 adipocytes, primary brown adipocytes and isolated mitochondria were exposed to COX-3 inhibitors and lipolysis and mitochondrial electron transport chain function assessed. Acetaminophen, aminopyrine and antipyrine at 1-10 mM caused a significant decrease (up to 70%; P < 0.01, from control) in lipolysis within 1, 3 and 24 h without affecting cell viability. The inhibition was observed regardless of where along its signalling pathway lipolysis was stimulated. All three compounds were found to significantly attenuate mitochondrial function by up to 30% for complex I and 40% for complex II (P < 0.01, from control). These novel observations combined with the known limited inhibition of the COX enzymes by acetaminophen suggest both the antipyretic and hypothermia induced by acetaminophen and related compounds could be attributed to the direct inhibition of lipolysis and mitochondrial function, rather than cyclooxygenase inhibition centrally. Further these observations could provide new drug targets for reducing fever with the added bonus of fewer individuals being hospitalized by accidental acetaminophen overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazma Bashir
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Romford Road, Stratford, London E15 4 LZ, UK
| | - Busayo Elegunde
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Romford Road, Stratford, London E15 4 LZ, UK
| | - Winston A Morgan
- The Medicines Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Romford Road, Stratford, London E15 4 LZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effects of PM 2.5 on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass of the Elderly in Taipei, Taiwan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11176. [PMID: 31371747 PMCID: PMC6671961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass is common with aging and can cause morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The effects of particulate air pollution on skeletal muscle mass is not known. The study aims to assess the chronic effects of ambient fine particulates (PM2.5) on the body composition of the elderly. From October 2015 to November 2016, a cross-sectional survey on 530 elderly (age > = 65 years) was conducted in the Taipei Basin, Taiwan. The body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 120). One year exposure to air pollution was estimated using the Kriging method at the participant’s residence. Multiple linear regression analysis, after adjustments for demographics and co-pollutants, was used to examine the effects of PM2.5 on body composition indices and force of handgrip. Changes in body composition for an interquartile (1.4 μm/m3) increase in PM2.5 concentration included a 0.4 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): −0.31, −0.58; p < 0.0001) decrease in skeletal muscle mass (2.0%) and a 0.7 kg (95% CI: 0.47, 0.91; p < 0.0001) increase in body fat mass (3.6%). While PM2.5 reduced fat free mass in the upper extremities and trunk, but not in the lower extremities, it increased body fat mass in the three parts. There was no significant effect of PM2.5 on handgrip force. Higher physical activity (versus lower than median) was associated with less detrimental effect of PM2.5 on skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass (p values for interaction term: 0.009 and 0.013, respectively). Long-term PM2.5 exposure is associated with decreased skeletal muscle mass and increased body fat mass in the elderly, which can be ameliorated by physical activity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee SJ, Cho SJ, Kwon EY, Choi MS. Physcion reduces lipid accumulation and prevents the obesity in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:31. [PMID: 31123488 PMCID: PMC6521509 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity increases the risk of metabolic dysfunction such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and fatty liver. Physcion (PY) is an anthraquinone that reportedly has anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. However, few studies have addressed the effect of PY on high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PY on obesity. Methods Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed normal diet (ND, 5% fat, w/w), high-fat diet (HFD, 20% fat, 1% cholesterol, w/w), and HFD supplemented with 0.002% PY (w/w) for 16 weeks. Obesity-related biomarkers were analyzed including whole body and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, in addition to lipid and inflammatory factors in the plasma, feces, liver and epididymal WAT. Significant differences among the groups were determined using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results Body and WAT weights were significantly decreased by the PY supplement relative to the HFD groups. Energy expenditure was enhanced by the PY supplement, which led to ameliorate plasma lipids, adipokines, cytokines, and fecal lipids. Fatty acid (FA) synthesis decreased in the liver, while FA oxidation increased. Finally, lipid synthesis markedly decreased whereas lipolysis and oxidation increased in WAT. Conclusions The PY supplement suppressed lipid accumulation in WAT and the liver by regulating enzyme and gene levels. These results indicate that PY can improve diet-induced obesity and its complications such as dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jeong Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Cho
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea.,2Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kwon
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea.,2Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea.,2Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miso (Fermented Soybean Paste) Suppresses Visceral Fat Accumulation in Mice, Especially in Combination with Exercise. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030560. [PMID: 30845686 PMCID: PMC6470805 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the difference in miso consumption between the Japanese diets of 1975 and 2010 has influenced the observed increase in diet-induced obesity. To recreate the 2010 and 1975 Japanese high-fat diets with the corresponding proportions of miso, freeze-dried miso was added to high-fat mouse feed at 1.6% and 2.6%, respectively. When 5-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were provided each of these diets ad libitum for 8 weeks, it was found that the white adipose tissue weight and adipocyte area were lower in mice receiving the 1975 diet than in those receiving the 2010 diet. Therefore, high miso consumption is one reason why the 1975 Japanese diet tended to not lead to obesity. Next, the combined effects of treadmill exercise and miso consumption were investigated. The mice were divided into three groups, which were provided either a high-fat diet (group C), a high-fat diet with exercise (group C + E), or a miso-supplemented high-fat diet with exercise (group M + E) for 8 weeks. In this experiment, the white adipose tissue weight and adipocyte area in group M + E were lower than in group C. When the mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes in adipose tissue was measured, we found that expression of Hsl (lipase, hormone sensitive), which is involved in lipolysis, and Pparγ (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma), which regulates adipocyte differentiation upstream of Hsl, was increased in group M + E. These results clearly demonstrated that lipid accumulation in the adipose tissues is suppressed by miso consumption in combination with exercise.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee MR, Kim JE, Choi JY, Park JJ, Kim HR, Song BR, Choi YW, Kim KM, Song H, Hwang DY. Anti-obesity effect in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice: Study of a novel extract from mulberry ( Morus alba) leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2185-2193. [PMID: 30867704 PMCID: PMC6395968 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of mulberry (Morus alba) leaves on lipid metabolism, including lipogenesis, lipolysis and hyperlipidemia are widely known, although their fermented products are yet to be applied. To investigate the therapeutic effects of a novel extract of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris (EMfC) on lipid metabolism, the lipid profile of serum, lipid accumulation, lipolytic activity and lipogenesis regulation were measured in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 mice treated with EMfC for 12 weeks. Briefly, the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol and glucose significantly decreased in the serum of the HFD+EMfC treated group when compared with the HFD+Vehicle treated group, while the levels of high-density lipoprotein increased in the HFD+EMfC group. The amount of abdominal fat and the size of adipocytes were significantly lower in the HFD+EMfC treated group when compared with the HFD+Vehicle treated group. The weight and number of lipid droplets of liver tissue exhibited a similar decrease. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ for adipogenesis as well as adipocyte protein 2 and Fas cell surface death receptor for lipogenesis reduced following EMfC treatment for 12 weeks. Phosphorylation of perilipin and hormone-sensitive lipase, and in the adipose triglyceride lipase expression showed a significant increase in the HFD+EMfC treated group. These results indicated that EMfC may prevent fat accumulation in the HFD-induced obese C57BL/6 mice through the inhibition of lipogenesis and by stimulating lipolysis. Thus, the results provide evidence for the potential use of EMfC as an anti-obesity complex in the treatment of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Rim Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mi Kim
- Life Science Research Institute, Novarex Co., Ltd., Chungju, Chungcheong 28126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkeun Song
- Biomedical Science Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam 50463, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Di Gregorio I, Busiello RA, Burgos Aceves MA, Lepretti M, Paolella G, Lionetti L. Environmental Pollutants Effect on Brown Adipose Tissue. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1891. [PMID: 30687113 PMCID: PMC6333681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) with its thermogenic function due to the presence of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), has been positively associated with improved resistance to obesity and metabolic diseases. During recent years, the potential influence of environmental pollutants on energetic homoeostasis and obesity development has drawn increased attention. The purpose of this review is to discuss how regulation of BAT function could be involved in the environmental pollutant effect on body energy metabolism. We mainly focused in reviewing studies on animal models, which provide a better insight into the cellular mechanisms involved in this effect on body energy metabolism. The current literature supports the hypothesis that some environmental pollutants, acting as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), such as dichlorodiphenyltrichoroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE) as well as some, traffic pollutants, are associated with increased obesity risk, whereas some other chemicals, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), had a reverse association with obesity. Noteworthy, the EDCs associated with obesity and metabolic disorders impaired BAT mass and function. Perinatal exposure to DDT impaired BAT thermogenesis and substrate utilization, increasing susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. Ambient particulate air pollutions induced insulin resistance associated with BAT mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, the environmental pollutants (PFOS/PFOA) elicited a reduction in body weight and adipose mass associated with upregulation of UCP1 and increased oxidative capacity in brown-fat mitochondria. Further research is needed to better understand the physiological role of BAT in response to exposure to both obesogenic and anti-obesogenic pollutants and to confirm the same role in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Simple Analysis of Lipid Inhibition Activity on an Adipocyte Micro-Cell Pattern Chip. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020037. [PMID: 29867022 PMCID: PMC6023008 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) is often applied to fabricate cell chips. In this study, we fabricated an adipocyte microcell pattern chips using PDMS to analyze the inhibition activity of lipid droplets in mouse embryo fibroblast cells (3T3-L1) with anti-obesity agents. To form the PDMS based micropattern, we applied the micro-contact printing technique using PDMS micro-stamps that had been fabricated by conventional soft lithography. This PDMS micro-pattern enabled the selective growth of 3T3-L1 cells onto the specific region by preventing cell adhesion on the PDMS region. It then allowed growth of the 3T3-L1 cells in the chip for 10 days and confirmed that lipid droplets were formed in the 3T3-L1 cells. After treatment of orlistat and quercetin were treated in an adipocyte micro-cell pattern chip with 3T3-L1 cells for six days, we found that orlistat and quercetin exhibited fat inhibition capacities of 19.3% and 24.4% from 0.2 μM of lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, we conducted a direct quantitative analysis of 3T3-L1 cell differentiation using Oil Red O staining. In conclusion, PDMS-based adipocyte micro-cell pattern chips may contribute to the development of novel bioactive compounds.
Collapse
|
21
|
Choi SI, Lee JS, Lee S, Lee JH, Yang HS, Yeo J, Kim JY, Lee BY, Kang IJ, Lee OH. Radical scavenging-linked anti-adipogenic activity of Alnus firma extracts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:119-128. [PMID: 29115568 PMCID: PMC5746329 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-adipogenic effect of extracts from Alnus firma (A. firma), which is an edible plant that grows in mountainous areas. The total phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin content as well as the antioxidant activity of a 70% ethanolic extract of A. firma (AFE) was assessed. Furthermore, the effects of AFE on lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells were investigated. The results revealed that the total phenolic, flavonoid and pro-anthocyanidin content of AFE as 436.26±3.30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 73.82±0.54 mg quercetin equivalents/g and 149.25±6.06 mg catechin equivalents/g, respectively. In addition, AFE exerted significant antioxidant effects in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. As for its anti-adipogenic activity, AFE significantly inhibited ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells compared with those in control cells. In addition, AFE regulated adipogenic transcription factors including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhance-binding protein α and adipocyte protein 2. These results indicated that A. firma is a potential candidate for a functional food supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Yang
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohong Yeo
- National Institute of Biological Resource, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yea Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ota U, Hara T, Nakagawa H, Tsuru E, Tsuda M, Kamiya A, Kuroda Y, Kitajima Y, Koda A, Ishizuka M, Fukuhara H, Inoue K, Shuin T, Nakajima M, Tanaka T. 5-aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous ion reduces adiposity and improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese mice via enhancing mitochondrial function. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:7. [PMID: 28132645 PMCID: PMC5278573 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with obesity and various obesity-associated pathological conditions including glucose intolerance. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of heme metabolites, is a natural amino acid synthesized in the mitochondria, and various types of cytochromes containing heme contribute to aerobic energy metabolism. Thus, ALA might have beneficial effects on the reduction of adiposity and improvement of glucose tolerance through its promotion of heme synthesis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ALA combined with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC) on obesity and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obese mice. Methods We used 20-weeks-old male C57BL/6J diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice that had been fed high-fat diet from 4th week or wild-type C57BL/6J mice. The DIO mice were orally administered ALA combined with SFC (ALA/SFC) for 6 weeks. At the 4th and 5th week during ALA/SFC administration, mice were fasted for 5 h and overnight, respectively and used for oral glucose tolerance test. After the ALA/SFC administration, the plasma glucose levels, weight of white adipose tissue, and expression levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes were examined. Furthermore, the effects of ALA/SFC on lipid content and glucose uptake were examined in vitro. Results Oral administration of ALA/SFC for 6 weeks reduced the body weight by about 10% and the weight of white adipose tissues in these animals. In vitro, ALA/SFC reduced lipid content in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose dependent manner, and enhanced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by 70–90% and rat L6 myoblasts by 30% at 6 h. Additionally, oral administration of ALA/SFC reduced plasma glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance in DIO mice. Furthermore, ALA/SFC enhanced the expression of OXPHOS complexes III, IV, and V by 40–70% in white adipose tissues of DIO mice, improving mitochondrial function. Conclusions Our findings indicate that ALA/SFC is effective in the reduction of adiposity and improvement of glucose tolerance, and that the induction of mitochondrial OXPHOS complex III, IV, and V by ALA/SFC might be an essential component of the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. ALA/SFC might be a useful supplement for obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0108-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urara Ota
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Nakagawa
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Emi Tsuru
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuda
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamiya
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kuroda
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Yuya Kitajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Aya Koda
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishizuka
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Taro Shuin
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Motowo Nakajima
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| | - Tohru Tanaka
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 1-6-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-6020, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Torchon E, Ray R, Hulver MW, McMillan RP, Voy BH. Fasting rapidly increases fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue of young broiler chickens. Adipocyte 2017; 6:33-39. [PMID: 28452587 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2016.1263777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulating the fatty acid oxidation capacity of white adipose tissue in mice protects against diet-induced obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. Part of this capacity results from induction of brown-like adipocytes within classical white depots, making it difficult to determine the oxidative contribution of the more abundant white adipocytes. Avian genomes lack a gene for uncoupling protein 1 and are devoid of brown adipose cells, making them a useful model in which to study white adipocyte metabolism in vivo. We recently reported that a brief (5 hour) period of fasting significantly upregulated many genes involved in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation pathways in white adipose tissue of young broiler chickens. The objective of this study was to determine if the effects on gene expression manifested in increased rates of fatty acid oxidation. Abdominal adipose tissue was collected from 21 day-old broiler chicks that were fasted for 3, 5 or 7 hours or fed ad libitum (controls). Fatty acid oxidation was determined by measuring and summing 14CO2 production and 14C-labeled acid-soluble metabolites from the oxidation of [1-14C] palmitic acid. Fasting induced a progressive increase in complete fatty acid oxidation and citrate synthase activity relative to controls. These results confirm that fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue is dynamically controlled by nutritional status. Identifying the underlying mechanism may provide new therapeutic targets through which to increase fatty acid oxidation in situ and protect against the detrimental effects of excess free fatty acids on adipocyte insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Torchon
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Rodney Ray
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew W. Hulver
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- The Metabolic Phenotyping Core at Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Ryan P. McMillan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
- The Metabolic Phenotyping Core at Virginia Tech, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Brynn H. Voy
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim GY, Jeong HH, Lee CS, Roh C. Simple Fabrication of Adipocyte Cell Chip Using Micropatterning. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2016.54.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Li X, Yang M, Li Z, Xue M, Shangguan Z, Ou Z, Liu M, Liu S, Yang S, Li X. Fructus xanthii improves lipid homeostasis in the epididymal adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:787-95. [PMID: 26648271 PMCID: PMC4686102 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity triggers common features of human metabolic syndrome in rats. Our previous study showed that Fructus xanthii (FX) attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of FX on lipid metabolism in epididymal fat (EF), and examine its underlying mechanisms. Aqueous extraction fractions of FX or vehicle were orally administered by gavage for 6 weeks to rats fed either a HFD or a normal chow diet (NCD). The levels of circulating free fatty acid (FFA) were determined in plasma, and the expression levels of lipid metabolism- and inflammation-associated genes in the EF were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The general morphology, size and number of adipocytes in the EF, and the levels of macrophage infiltration were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining or immunohistochemical staining. FX decreased circulating levels of FFA, increased the expression levels of sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein-1c, FAS, acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase and lipoprotein lipase lipogenic genes in the EF. FX increased the numbers of adipocytes in the EF, and featured a shift towards smaller adipocyte size. Compared with the vehicle-treated rats, positive staining of F4/80 was more dispersed in the FX-treated rats, and the percentage of F4/80 positive cells was significantly decreased. FX attenuated HFD-induced lipid dyshomeostasis in the epididymal adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Mei Xue
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoshui Shangguan
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Ou
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Suhuan Liu
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mirowska A, Sledzinski T, Smolenski RT, Swierczynski J. Down-regulation of Zac1 gene expression in rat white adipose tissue by androgens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:63-70. [PMID: 24316431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ZAC1 is a zinc-finger protein transcription factor, a transcriptional cofactor for nuclear receptors, and a co-activator of nuclear receptors, which interacts with multiple signaling pathways affecting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and metabolism. Some data suggest that ZAC1 regulates the expression of genes associated with function of adipose tissue. Since there is no information about the levels of Zac1 gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT), and the expression of several genes associated with metabolic function of WAT is significantly lower in male than female animals, we have examined: (a) the relative ZAC1 mRNA levels in some organs/tissues, including three main depots of WAT, in 3-month-old male rats; (b) the relative ZAC1 mRNA levels in WAT of male and female rats; (c) the effect of orchidectomy and orchidectomy with concomitant testosterone treatment on ZAC1 mRNA and protein levels; (d) the effect of ovariectomy and ovariectomy with concomitant 17β-estradiol treatment on ZAC1 mRNA levels; (e) the effect of dihydrotestosterone on ZAC1 mRNA levels in isolated adipocytes. Our results indicate that: (a) ZAC1 mRNA levels are relatively high in WAT in comparison with other organs/tissues; (b) ZAC1 mRNA levels in subcutaneous WAT are approximately 2-fold lower than in epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue; (c) ZAC1 mRNA levels in WAT of adult female rats are approximately 2-fold higher than in male rats; (d) testosterone is inversely related to ZAC1 mRNA and protein levels in WAT of male rats; and (e) dihydrotestosterone decreases the ZAC1 mRNA levels in adipocytes in dose dependent manner. In conclusion, Zac1 gene is highly expressed in white adipose tissue of adult rats. Androgens could play an important role in down-regulation of the ZAC1 mRNA and protein levels in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mirowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ji B, Middleton JL, Ernest B, Saxton AM, Lamont SJ, Campagna SR, Voy BH. Molecular and metabolic profiles suggest that increased lipid catabolism in adipose tissue contributes to leanness in domestic chickens. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:315-27. [PMID: 24550212 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00163.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic broiler chickens rapidly accumulate fat and are naturally hyperglycemic and insulin resistant, making them an attractive model for studies of human obesity. We previously demonstrated that short-term (5 h) fasting rapidly upregulates pathways of fatty acid oxidation in broiler chickens and proposed that activation of these pathways may promote leanness. The objective of the current study was to characterize adipose tissue from relatively lean and fatty lines of chickens and determine if heritable leanness in chickens is associated with activation of some of the same pathways induced by fasting. We compared adipose gene expression and metabolite profiles in white adipose tissue of lean Leghorn and Fayoumi breeds to those of fattier commercial broiler chickens. Both lipolysis and expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation were upregulated in lean chickens compared with broilers. Although there were strong similarities between the lean lines compared with broilers, distinct expression signatures were also found between Fayoumi and Leghorn, including differences in adipogenic genes. Similarities between genetically lean and fasted chickens suggest that fatty acid oxidation in white adipose tissue is adaptively coupled to lipolysis and plays a role in heritable differences in fatness. Unique signatures of leanness in Fayoumi and Leghorn lines highlight distinct pathways that may provide insight into the basis for leanness in humans. Collectively, our results provide a number of future directions through which to fully exploit chickens as unique models for the study of human obesity and adipose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ji
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chrysovergis K, Wang X, Kosak J, Lee SH, Kim JS, Foley JF, Travlos G, Singh S, Baek SJ, Eling TE. NAG-1/GDF-15 prevents obesity by increasing thermogenesis, lipolysis and oxidative metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1555-64. [PMID: 24531647 PMCID: PMC4135041 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a major health problem associated with high morbidity and mortality. NSAID activated gene, (NAG-1) is a TGF-β superfamily member reported to alter adipose tissue levels in mice. We investigated whether hNAG-1 acts as a regulator of adiposity and energy metabolism. Design/Subjects hNAG-1 mice, ubiquitously expressing hNAG-1, were placed on a control or high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. hNAG-1 expressing B16/F10 melanoma cells were used in a xenograft model to deliver hNAG-1 to obese C57BL/6 mice. Results As compared to wild-type littermates, transgenic hNAG-1 mice have less white fat and brown fat despite equivalent food intake, improved glucose tolerance, lower insulin levels and are resistant to dietary- and genetic-induced obesity. hNAG-1 mice are more metabolically active with higher energy expenditure. Obese C57BL/6 mice treated with hNAG-1 expressing xenografts show decreases in adipose tissue and serum insulin levels. hNAG-1 mice and obese mice treated with hNAG-1 expressing xenografts show increased thermogenic gene expression (UCP1, PGC1α, ECH1, Cox8b, Dio2, Cyc1, PGC1β, PPARα, Elvol3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increased expression of lipolytic genes (Adrb3, ATGL, HSL) in both white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT, consistent with higher energy metabolism Conclusion hNAG-1 modulates metabolic activity by increasing the expression of key thermogenic and lipolytic genes in BAT and WAT. hNAG-1 appears to be a novel therapeutic target in preventing and treating obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Chrysovergis
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - X Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Kosak
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - J S Kim
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA [2] Department of Biological Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
| | - J F Foley
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - G Travlos
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - S J Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - T E Eling
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marcelin G, Liu SM, Schwartz GJ, Chua SC. Identification of a loss-of-function mutation in Ube2l6 associated with obesity resistance. Diabetes 2013; 62:2784-95. [PMID: 23557705 PMCID: PMC3717837 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously mapped a locus on BALB/c chromosome 2 associated with protection from leptin-deficiency-induced obesity. Here, we generated the corresponding congenic mouse strain by introgression of a segment of C57BL/6J chromosome 2 to the BALB/c background to confirm the genotype-phenotype associations. We found that the BALB/c alleles decreased fat mass expansion by limiting adipocyte hyperplasia and adipocyte hypertrophy. This was concomitant to an increase in adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL)-mediated triglyceride breakdown and prolongation of ATGL half-life in adipose tissue. In addition, BALB/c alleles on chromosome 2 exerted a cell-autonomous role in restraining the adipogenic potential of preadipocytes. Within a 9.8-Mb critical interval, we identified a nonsynonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene coding for the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2L6 (Ube2l6, also known as Ubch8) and showed that the BALB/c allele of Ube2l6 is a hypomorph leading to the lack of UBE2L6 protein expression. Ube2l6 knockdown in 3T3-L1 adipocytes repressed adipogenesis. Thus, altered adipogenic potential caused by Ube2l6 knockdown is likely critically involved in BALB/c obesity resistance by inhibiting adipogenesis and reducing adipocyte numbers. Overall, we have identified a loss-of-function mutation in Ube2l6 that contributes to the chromosome 2 obesity quantitative trait locus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Marcelin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Shun-Mei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Streamson C. Chua
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Corresponding author: Streamson C. Chua, Jr.,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Szkudlarek-Mikho M, Saunders RA, Yap SF, Ngeow YF, Chin KV. Salinomycin, a polyether ionophoric antibiotic, inhibits adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 428:487-93. [PMID: 23123626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The polyether ionophoric antibiotics including monensin, salinomycin, and narasin, are widely used in veterinary medicine and as food additives and growth promoters in animal husbandry including poultry farming. Their effects on human health, however, are not fully understood. Recent studies showed that salinomycin is a cancer stem cell inhibitor. Since poultry consumption has risen sharply in the last three decades, we asked whether the consumption of meat tainted with growth promoting antibiotics might have effects on adipose cells. We showed in this report that the ionophoric antibiotics inhibit the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. The block of differentiation is not due to the induction of apoptosis nor the inhibition of cell proliferation. In addition, salinomycin also suppresses the transcriptional activity of the CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. These results suggest that the ionophoric antibiotics can be exploited as novel anti-obesity therapeutics and as pharmacological probes for the study of adipose biology. Further, the pharmacological effects of salinomycin could be a harbinger of its toxicity on the adipose tissue and other susceptible target cells in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szkudlarek-Mikho
- Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gleim S, Stitham J, Tang WH, Martin KA, Hwa J. An eicosanoid-centric view of atherothrombotic risk factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3361-80. [PMID: 22491820 PMCID: PMC3691514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Atherosclerosis followed by thrombosis (atherothrombosis) is the pathological process underlying most myocardial, cerebral, and peripheral vascular events. Atherothrombosis is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory process that involves interactions between many cell types (including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets) and processes (including migration, proliferation, and activation). Despite a wealth of knowledge from many recent studies using knockout mouse and human genetic studies (GWAS and candidate approach) identifying genes and proteins directly involved in these processes, traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, sex, and age) remain the most useful predictor of disease. Eicosanoids (20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives of arachidonic acid and other essential fatty acids) are emerging as important regulators of cardiovascular disease processes. Drugs indirectly modulating these signals, including COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors, have proven to play major roles in the atherothrombotic process. However, the complexity of their roles and regulation by opposing eicosanoid signaling, have contributed to the lack of therapies directed at the eicosanoid receptors themselves. This is likely to change, as our understanding of the structure, signaling, and function of the eicosanoid receptors improves. Indeed, a major advance is emerging from the characterization of dysfunctional naturally occurring mutations of the eicosanoid receptors. In light of the proven and continuing importance of risk factors, we have elected to focus on the relationship between eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gleim
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jeremiah Stitham
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alemany M. Regulation of adipose tissue energy availability through blood flow control in the metabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:2108-19. [PMID: 22542444 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of blood flow rate is a critical factor for tissue oxygen and substrate supply. The potentially large mass of adipose tissue deeply influences the body distribution of blood flow. This is due to increased peripheral resistance in obesity and the role of this tissue as the ultimate destination of unused excess of dietary energy. However, adipose tissue cannot grow indefinitely, and the tissue must defend itself against the avalanche of nutrients provoking inordinate growth and inflammation. In the obese, large adipose tissue masses show lower blood flow, limiting the access of excess circulating substrates. Blood flow restriction is achieved by vasoconstriction, despite increased production of nitric oxide, the vasodilatation effects of which are overridden by catecholamines (and probably also by angiotensin II and endothelin). Decreased blood flow reduces the availability of oxygen, provoking massive glycolysis (hyperglycemic conditions), which results in the production of lactate, exported to the liver for processing. However, this produces local acidosis, which elicits the rapid dissociation of oxyhemoglobin, freeing bursts of oxygen in localized zones of the tissue. The excess of oxygen (and of nitric oxide) induces the production of reactive oxygen species, which deeply affect the endothelial, blood, and adipose cells, inducing oxidative and nitrosative damage and eliciting an increased immune response, which translates into inflammation. The result of the defense mechanism for adipose tissue, localized vasoconstriction, may thus help develop a more generalized pathologic response within the metabolic syndrome parameters, extending its effects to the whole body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marcelin G, Liu SM, Li X, Schwartz GJ, Chua S. Genetic control of ATGL-mediated lipolysis modulates adipose triglyceride stores in leptin-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2012; 53:964-972. [PMID: 22383686 PMCID: PMC3329395 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m022467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissecting the genetics of complex traits such as obesity allows the identification of causal genes for disease. Here, we show that the BALB/c mouse strain carries genetic variants that confer resistance to obesity induced by leptin-deficiency or a high-fat diet (HFD). We set out to identify the physiological and genetic bases underlying this phenotype. When compared with C57BL6/J ob/ob mice (B6), BALB/c ob/ob mice exhibited decreased food intake, increased thermogenic capacity, and improved fat catabolism, each of which can potentially modify obesity. Interestingly, analysis of F1 ob/ob (progeny of B6 ob/+ × BALB/c ob+) mice revealed that obesity resistance in BALB/c ob/ob mice principally relied upon improved fat mobilization. This was mechanistically explained by increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) content in adipocytes, along with increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. We conducted a genome-wide scan and defined a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 2. BALB/c alleles on chromosome 2 not only associated with the obesity resistance phenotype but also supported increased ATGL content in adipose tissue. In summary, our study provides evidence that leptin-independent control of adipocyte lipolysis rates directly modifies the balance of macronutrient handling and is sufficient to regulate fat mass in the absence of alterations in food intake and energy expenditure.-Marcelin, G., S-M. Liu, X. Li, G. J. Schwartz, and S. Chua.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Marcelin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Shun-Mei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Streamson Chua
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461;; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu Z, Xu X, Zhong M, Hotchkiss IP, Lewandowski RP, Wagner JG, Bramble LA, Yang Y, Wang A, Harkema JR, Lippmann M, Rajagopalan S, Chen LC, Sun Q. Ambient particulate air pollution induces oxidative stress and alterations of mitochondria and gene expression in brown and white adipose tissues. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:20. [PMID: 21745393 PMCID: PMC3152885 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies have demonstrated a link between air pollution and metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes. Changes in adipose tissue and its mitochondrial content/function are closely associated with the development of insulin resistance and attendant metabolic complications. We investigated changes in adipose tissue structure and function in brown and white adipose depots in response to chronic ambient air pollutant exposure in a rodent model. Methods Male ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) mice inhaled concentrated fine ambient PM (PM < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter; PM2.5) or filtered air (FA) for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 2 months. We examined superoxide production by dihydroethidium staining; inflammatory responses by immunohistochemistry; and changes in white and brown adipocyte-specific gene profiles by real-time PCR and mitochondria by transmission electron microscopy in response to PM2.5 exposure in different adipose depots of ApoE-/- mice to understand responses to chronic inhalational stimuli. Results Exposure to PM2.5 induced an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brown adipose depots. Additionally, exposure to PM2.5 decreased expression of uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue as measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Mitochondrial number was significantly reduced in white (WAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT), while mitochondrial size was also reduced in BAT. In BAT, PM2.5 exposure down-regulated brown adipocyte-specific genes, while white adipocyte-specific genes were differentially up-regulated. Conclusions PM2.5 exposure triggers oxidative stress in BAT, and results in key alterations in mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial alterations that are pronounced in BAT. We postulate that exposure to PM2.5 may induce imbalance between white and brown adipose tissue functionality and thereby predispose to metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Xu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|